District Human Development Report Kodagu Draft Report Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 11 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 15 Concept and Methodology .......................................................................................................... 15 Data Collection, Compilation and Validation ................................................................................ 16 Measurement of Indices .............................................................................................................. 17 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................................................... 19 2. Kodagu District: An Overview ................................................................................................... 21 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 21 Background and Brief Regional History ........................................................................................ 21 Physiographic Divisions of the District.......................................................................................... 23 Land, Soil and Natural Resource Endowments ............................................................................. 23 Demography ................................................................................................................................ 23 Economy ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 25 Regional Perspectives and Backwardness .................................................................................... 26 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 26 3. Computation of indices ............................................................................................................ 29 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 29 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 32 4. Literacy and Education ............................................................................................................. 34 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 34 Literacy Profile of the District ...................................................................................................... 35 Enrolment ................................................................................................................................... 37 Attendance, Dropout rates and Out of School Children and Mainstreaming of Children ............... 39 Transition Index for Children enrolled to 6th standard .................................................................. 41 Physically challenged children...................................................................................................... 42 Student-Teacher Ratio ................................................................................................................. 42 Infrastructure and Access ............................................................................................................ 43 School completion ratio and pass percentage .............................................................................. 45 Post-Secondary Education including Professional Engineering/Medicine/Dental/ Nursing) and General Degree Colleges, ITI/Polytechnic and other Skill Development Institutions. .................... 45 Schemes for promotion of literacy level ....................................................................................... 46 Per-capita Expenditure Analysis ................................................................................................... 47 2 An Overview and persisting educational gaps in the district ......................................................... 47 5. Health and Nutrition ................................................................................................................ 48 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 48 Demography of Kodagu ............................................................................................................... 50 Maternal Health .......................................................................................................................... 55 Child Health ................................................................................................................................. 61 Family Welfare ............................................................................................................................ 64 Communicable Diseases .............................................................................................................. 65 Infrastructure and Health Personnel Facility ................................................................................ 67 Performance of various Health Schemes ...................................................................................... 71 Per-capita Expenditure Analysis on Health Sector ........................................................................ 72 PHC-wise analysis of RCH indicators............................................................................................. 73 An Overview: Performance and Inadequacies of Health Care System ........................................... 77 6. Income, Poverty and Employment ........................................................................................... 80 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 80 District and Taluk Income ............................................................................................................ 81 Agriculture: Cropping Patterns, Irrigation, and Livestock .............................................................. 84 Industries and tourism ................................................................................................................. 89 Poverty alleviation ....................................................................................................................... 91 Employment and Unemployment ................................................................................................ 94 Child Labour ................................................................................................................................ 98 Relationships between Coffee, land use and tourism in Kodagu (Small Area Study) ......................... 99 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 99 Coffee cultivation in Kodagu ........................................................................................................ 99 Socio-economic impacts of coffee markets ................................................................................ 101 The rise of tourism and home-stays in Kodagu ........................................................................... 102 Changes in land use patterns ..................................................................................................... 103 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 104 Socio-economic status of labourers in Coffee plantations of Kodagu – Small area study ................ 105 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 105 Labour in Coffee cultivation in Kodagu ....................................................................................... 105 Structure of labour in coffee plantations.................................................................................... 105 Socio-political aspects of plantation labour ................................................................................ 109 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 110 3 Concluding Remarks (Income, employment and Poverty) .......................................................... 110 7. Standard of living ................................................................................................................... 113 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 113 Housing Status ........................................................................................................................... 113 Households and Asset