Running head: HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 1 On Cognition, Culture, Discourse and Corpora: High Seas and Smitten Hearts Asterios C. Chardalias Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 2 To Despoina Μου ‘μαθες έρωτα You taught me love (Athanasiou, 1994) HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 3 Abstract This thesis has an aspirant dual purpose: to both enlighten aspects of conceptualization in environments of dense figuration and to investigate possible avenues for methodological crosspollination between Corpus Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics. It reviews sea conceptualizations of the ‘heart’ in a corpus of 260 Modern Greek songs as a case study, theoretically framed by a discussion of: (a) Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT), in relation to cognition and discourse; (b) Distributed emergent cultural cognition, in relation to cognition and culture; (c) Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis (CADS), in relation to discourse and corpora; (d) Cultural Discourse Analysis (CuDA), in relation to discourse and culture. Keywords: cognition, culture, discourse, corpora, blending HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 4 Contents Abstract…………………………..…………………………........……………………3 Contents………………………………………………………………………………..4 I. Introduction 1. Cognition, culture, discourse and corpora..................................................................7 2. Conceptual Integration Theory.................................................................................10 3. Distributed, emergent cultural cognition..................................................................17 4. Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis.......................................................................21 5. Cultural Discourse Analysis.....................................................................................22 6. Thesis structure........................................................................................................24 II. Methodology 1. Research questions...................................................................................................25 1.1. Theoretical questions.................................................................................25 1.2. Applied questions......................................................................................28 2. Working assumptions...............................................................................................29 2.1. Words........................................................................................................29 2.2. Concepts....................................................................................................30 2.3. Discourse...................................................................................................31 3. Corpus compilation and sub-corpus derivation........................................................32 4. Keyword extraction and analysis.............................................................................33 5. Scenario extraction and analysis..............................................................................34 6. Blend extraction and analysis...................................................................................35 HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 5 III. Results & Discussion 1. Keywords.................................................................................................................37 2. Scenarios..................................................................................................................40 2.1. Sea Scenarios.........................................................................................................42 2.1.1. Seafaring Scenario..................................................................................43 2.1.1.1. Source Event: Sailing Off.......................................................47 2.1.1.2. Path Event: Navigation............................................................51 2.1.1.3. Obstacle Events.......................................................................53 2.1.1.3.1. Obstacle Event: Magic Encounters..........................53 2.1.1.3.2. Obstacle Event: Sea Storms.....................................54 2.1.1.3.3. Obstacle Event: Piracy.............................................55 2.1.1.4. Goal Events.............................................................................58 2.1.1.4.1 Goal Event: Sinking..................................................58 2.1.1.4.2. Goal Event: Porting..................................................62 2.1.2 Fishing Scenario......................................................................................64 2.1.2.1. Source Event: Preparing..........................................................66 2.1.2.2. Down vector Event: Casting...................................................66 2.1.2.3. Up vector Event: Retrieving...................................................67 2.1.3. Beach-going Scenario............................................................................68 2.1.3.1. Event: Sandplaying.................................................................69 2.1.3.2. Event: Swimming....................................................................70 2.1.3.3. Event: Seashell picking...........................................................71 2.1.3.4. Event: Sea-gazing....................................................................72 2.2. Love Scenarios......................................................................................................73 HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 6 3. Blends.......................................................................................................................77 3.1. Sea-unrelated non-heart blends.................................................................78 3.2. Sea-unrelated heart blends.........................................................................79 3.3. Sea-related non-heart blends.....................................................................81 3.4. Sea-related heart blends.............................................................................82 3.4.1. Sea/Heart....................................................................................85 3.4.2. Vessel/Heart...............................................................................90 3.4.3. Shipwreck/Heart.........................................................................97 3.4.4. Port/Heart...................................................................................98 3.4.5. Maritime Pilot/Heart..................................................................99 3.4.6. Mooring Rope/Heart................................................................100 3.4.7. Lighthouse/Heart......................................................................101 3.4.8. Chart/Heart...............................................................................102 3.4.9. Nautical Compass/Heart...........................................................104 3.4.10. Pirate Booty/Heart..................................................................105 3.4.11. Fisherman /. Heart..................................................................106 3.4.12. Fish/Heart...............................................................................107 3.4.13. Beach/Heart............................................................................108 3.4.14. Sea Rock/Heart.......................................................................108 3.4.15. Seaside Plant/Heart................................................................109 3.4.16. Drowning Victim/Heart..........................................................110 IV. Conclusions..........................................................................................................111 References..................................................................................................................121 Discography...............................................................................................................137 Appendices.................................................................................................................148 HIGH SEAS AND SMITTEN HEARTS 7 I. Introduction 1. Cognition, Culture, Discourse and Corpora Cognition, culture, discourse, corpora: any of these concepts have generated an immense body of literature by scientists from distal academic backgrounds in fields like information technology, psychology, anthropology, sociology, culture studies and, of course, linguistics. The network of interconnections between them has been repeatedly fathomed from a number of different perspectives. It has invariably come out to be sophisticatedly intricate, involving the additional notion of ‘text’—a common denominator for the four pylon concepts. Propositions expounding those interconnections include: cognition as a culturally situated phenomenon (Vygotsky, 1978; Wilson, 2002; Ziemke, 2003; Miyamoto, 2006; Kristiansen, 2008; Kimmel, 2008); culture as a cognitive activity (Langacker, 1994); culture as an emergent property of discourse (Barker & Galasiński, 2001; Gilbert, 2004); texts as products of cognition (Steen, 2002; Virtanen, 2004); texts as cultural artifacts (Meehan, 2001; Park, 2005); discourse as texts-in-use (Haberland, 1999; Fairclough, 2003); discourse as the locus of cultural cognition (Van Dijk, 1990; 1993; 2014; Sharifian, 2008); corpora as text databases (Hundt, 2008; Gries & Berez, 2014); and corpora as discourse feature descriptors (Sinclair, 2004; Partington, 2004; 2006). We