Reading Biblical Hebrew Chapter 32 3GR. Verbs Definition and Spelling John C. Beckman 2017.02.18 Goal:Be able to parse 3GR Verbs 2 What are 3GR Verbs? How do we parse them? • 3G: Ignore furtive pataḥ • 3G: Restore shva before P2fs subject ending 3G: VS pataḥ ַ in Q(I/M), just like stative verbs and 2GR verbs • ֵ 3GR: VS might be pataḥ ַ instead of tsere • Terminology: 3G Verbs 3R Verbs 3GR Verbs Furtive Pataḥ ה Mappiq & Consonantal 3GR Verbs 4 3G Verb (ּהחע) .א A verbal root for which R3 is a guttural other than • (בנה ,.without mappiq is a vowel letter, not a consonant, so not 3G (e.g ה3 • verbs follow their own pattern .א3 • גבּה ,בלע ,בטח ,.E.g • 3R Verb • A verbal root for which R3 is resh אמר ,.E.g • 3GR Verb • A verbal root that is either 3G or 3R אמר ,גבּה ,בלע ,בטח ,.E.g • 5 is Consonantal ה Indicates Word-Final He מַפִּ יק Review: Mappiq is a vowel letter iff word-final ה He הָ היְתָ יִּהְ יֶה הִּ נֵה כֹּה is a vowel letter ה Word-final • הָ אָ רֶ ץ א הֹלהִּ ים elsewhere is always a consonant, never a vowel letter ה • ?ה What if a word needs to end in a he אֹּתָ ּה ה Put a dot inside the word-final • מַפִּ יק Called Mappiq • This applies to verbal roots also ( ָה vowel letter, like ה end in a vowel letter (R3 is a (בנה ,.verbs (e.g ה3 • (ה end in a consonant (R3 is the consonant (גבּה ,.verbs (e.g ּה3 • Review: Furtive Pataḥ 6 A vowel is pronounced after its consonant is QOTEL קֹּטֵ ל • EXCEPT furtive pataḥ • Pronounced before the consonant that it is under תַ גְבִּיּהַ רּוחַ נֹּחַ רָ קִּ יעַ Offset to the right • Furtive pataḥ means nothing • Just a pronunciation aid רּוחַ ←. רּוחִּ י .ּה/ח/ע Occurs only under word-final • לָקַ ח is not a-type .ּה/ח/ע Occurs only if vowel preceding • Parsing 3GR Verbs: 4 Possible Changes Change #1: Ignore Furtive Pataḥ 8 that is not preceded by an A-class vowel חעּה Furtive pataḥ occurs in word-final ְוִּהְצִּל ַ יח ,ַמְזִּרַיע , ַתְגִּב ַ יּה E.g., Furtive pataḥ in • ִּתְגָבהּו and יִּגְבַ ּה E.g., No furtive pataḥ in • Furtive pataḥ is meaningless, so ignore it when parsing (HI(3f/2m)s yiqtol(L גבה = ַתְגִּביּה* ַתְגִּב ַ יּה ,.E.g • HPtMS זרע = ַמְזִּריע* ַמְזִּרַיע ,.E.g • weqatal ו+HP3ms צלח = ְוִּהְצִּליח* ְוִּהְצִּל ַ יח ,.E.g • Change #2: Restore Shva Before P2fs Subject Ending 9 We expect a shva before the subject endings on finite verbs ִּיְק ְט לּו ,קָטַ ְל ְת ,קָטַ ְל תָ ,.E.g • 3G verbs have pataḥ ַ instead of shva ְ before the P2fs subject ending קָטַ ְל ְת instead of שָמַ ַע ְת ,.E.g • • This breaks two rules: 1. Missing shva before finite verb subject ending is meaningless, even though it is ְת The dagesh in the ending .2 preceeded by a vowel To return to the strong verb form, put shva before the subject ending שָמַ ְע ְת * שָמַ ַע ְת ,.E.g • 10 Change #3: 3G VS = pataḥ ַ in Q(I/M), Like Stative and 2GR (∞/Strong verbs have VS = ḥolam ֹּ in the Q(I/M ∞Stative & 2GR verbs have VS = pataḥ ַ in the Q(I/M), but VS still = ֹּ in the Q ∞3G verbs have VS = pataḥ ַ in the Q(I/M), and VS still = ֹּ in the Q • Exactly like stative verbs and 2GR verbs QI3ms he will hear שמע = יִּשְמַ ע • !QM2ms hear שמע = שְמַ ע • Q∞ to hear שמע = שְ מֹּ עַ • 3R Verbs have VS = ḥolam ֹּ in the Q(I/M/∞), just like strong verbs 11 ֵ Change #4: 3GR VS Pataḥ ַ may have been Tsere ֵ Many strong verbs have VS = tsere • Niphal Everything except perfect and participle • Piel and Hitpael Everything except perfect 1st and 2nd person • Hiphil A / M2ms+∅ / short imperfect without a pronominal suffix If VS is tsere ֵ for a strong verb, VS might become pataḥ ַ for 3GR verbs __ DP3ms he broke שבר = שִּבֵ ר ,.E.g • __ DP3ms he broke שבר = שִּבַ ר ,.E.g • VS = pataḥ ַ is more common for 3G than for 3R • Summary: 3GR Verbs 12 1. 3G Ignore furtive pataḥ QPtMS בטח = בֹּטֵ ח* בֹּטֵ חַ ,.E.g • 3G Restore shva ְ before P2fs subject ending .2 QP2fs שמע = שָמַ עְ תְ * שָמַ עַ תְ ,.E.g • 3G VS = pataḥ ַ in Q(I/M), just like stative verbs and 2GR verbs .3 (∞QM2ms (not Q שמע = שְ מֹּ ע* שְ מַ ע ,.E.g • DP3ms זבח = זִּ בֵ ח* זִּ בַ ח ,.E.g • ֵ 3GR VS = pataḥ ַ might have been tsere .4 NI3ms בקע = יִּבָקֵ ע* ַ֤ יִּבָקַ ע ,.E.g • Practice Parsing and Translating 3GR Verbs 13 NI3ms yiqtol it was split open בקע = יִּבָקֵ ע* ִּיָב ֵ ק ַ ע׃ .1 NI3ms yiqtol it was split open בקע = יִּבָקֵ ע* יִּבָ ַ ַ֤ קע .2 DP3ms qatal he opened פתח = ִּפֵת ח* ִּפ ֵֵּ֑ת ַ ח .3 DP3ms qatal he opened פתח = ִּפ תֵ ח* ִּ פ תַ ח .4 QI1cs yiqtol I will trust בטח = אֶ ְב ֹּט ח* ֶאְב ַ טח .5 when swallowing כ+∞D בלע = ְכַב לֵ ע* ְכַב ַ לע .6 QP2fs qatal you heard שמע = שָמַ ְע ְת * שָמַ ַע ְת .7 !QM2ms (not Q∞) flee ברח = ְב ֹּר ח* ְב ַ רח .8 Q∞ (not QM2ms) to flee ברח = ְבֹּר ח* ְב ֹּר ַ ח .9.