DSM2 Extension for the California Aqueduct, South Bay Aqueduct, and Delta-Mendota Canal Prepared for State Water Contractors and Municipal Water Quality Investigation Program June 2005 2485 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 600 Sacramento, CA 95833 Contents Section Page Acronyms and Abbreviations .........................................................................................................vi 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1-1 2. Review of System Operations................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 California Aqueduct and South Bay Aqueduct........................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 SWP Operations.................................................................................................. 2-8 2.2 Delta-Mendota Canal................................................................................................... 2-9 2.2.1 DMC Operations................................................................................................. 2-9 3. Review of Hydrologic, Operational, and Water Quality Data............................................ 3-1 3.1 Hydrologic Data ........................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Operational Data .......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Pumping Plants................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 Inflows.................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.3 Deliveries/Diversions........................................................................................ 3-2 3.3 Water Quality Data ...................................................................................................... 3-2 4. Physical System Data.................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 California Aqueduct and South Bay Aqueduct........................................................ 4-1 4.2 Delta-Mendota Canal................................................................................................... 4-1 4.3 Results of Physical System Data Review................................................................... 4-2 5. Development of DSM2 Model Application........................................................................... 5-1 5.1 DSM2 Model.................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Physical System Representation................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.1 California Aqueduct and South Bay Aqueduct.............................................. 5-2 5.2.2 Closed Conveyance Structures: Pipelines, Siphons, and Tunnels............... 5-6 5.2.3 Delta-Mendota Canal ......................................................................................... 5-7 5.2.4 Reservoirs ............................................................................................................ 5-9 5.2.5 Aqueduct Gate Operations................................................................................ 5-9 5.2.6 San Luis Reservoir and O’Neill Forebay Mixing ........................................... 5-9 5.3 Conversion of Geometric Data to DSM2 Format ................................................... 5-10 5.3.1 Cross Section Geometry................................................................................... 5-10 5.4 Inflows and Diversions.............................................................................................. 5-12 5.4.1 Pumping Plant Inflows .................................................................................... 5-12 5.4.2 Floodwater and Groundwater Inflows.......................................................... 5-12 5.4.3 Flow Exchanges ................................................................................................ 5-13 5.4.4 Water Diversions .............................................................................................. 5-16 5.5 Water Balance and Required Closure Terms.......................................................... 5-18 5.6 Salinity.......................................................................................................................... 5-22 W062005003SAC/314451/051570001 (001.DOC) ii CONTENTS 6. Model Calibration, Validation, and Sensitivity Analysis ................................................... 6-1 6.1 Hydraulics Calibration ................................................................................................ 6-1 6.1.1 Flow ...................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 Stage...................................................................................................................... 6-4 6.2 Salinity Calibration....................................................................................................... 6-5 6.3 Model Validation........................................................................................................ 6-12 6.4 Model Sensitivity Analysis........................................................................................ 6-12 7. Model Limitations....................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Water Balance................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Diversion Timing.......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.3 Reservoir Operations ................................................................................................... 7-1 7.4 Gate Operations ............................................................................................................ 7-2 8. Conclusions and Recommendations........................................................................................ 8-1 8.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 8-1 8.2.1 Gate Operations .................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2.2 Link with Existing DSM2 Applications........................................................... 8-1 8.2.3 Tracer Tests for Determination of Travel Time .............................................. 8-2 8.2.4 Analysis of San Luis Reservoir Operations..................................................... 8-2 8.2.5 Develop Planning Mode.................................................................................... 8-2 8.2.6 Develop Forecasting Mode................................................................................ 8-2 9. Bibliography................................................................................................................................. 9-1 Websites................................................................................................................................ 9-1 Appendixes A Model Schematic B Aqueduct Channel Aggregation C Previous Deliverables and Meeting Notes Tables 5-1 Example of Channel Aggregation 5-2 South Bay Aqueduct DSM2 Channel Lengths 5-3 California Aqueduct (including East Branch) DSM2 Channel Lengths 5-4 West Branch DSM2 Channel Lengths 5-5 Delta-Mendota Canal DSM2 Channel Lengths 5-6 Monthly Average Inflows (cfs) in California Aqueduct by Pool W062005003SAC/314451/051570001 (001.DOC) iii CONTENTS Figures 2-1 State Water Project 2-2 Delta Division Including the South Bay Aqueduct plus Delta-Mendota Canal 2-3 San Luis Division plus Delta Mendota Canal 2-4 San Joaquin Division 2-5 Southern Division 2-6 San Luis Reservoir and O’Neill Forebay 5-1 Comparison of South Bay Pumping Plant Discharge Pipe Flow to Open Channel Flow Approximation 5-2 Comparison of the Effects of Channel Geometry Parameters (Manning roughness and invert slope) on Transport Velocity 5-3 Cross Section Generating Tool 5-4 Comparison of Actual Canal Invert Elevations along the California Aqueduct with Calculated Canal Invert Elevations Used in DSM2 5-5 Banks Pumping Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-6 Tracy Pumping Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-7 Gianelli Generating Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-8 Gianelli Pumping Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-9 O’Neill Pumping Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-10 O’Neill Generating Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-11 Comparison of Internal Flow Measurements in California Aqueduct 5-12 South Bay Pumping Plant Flow Data, Daily and 7-Day Average (DSM2 input) 5-13 Comparison of Total Net Diversions by Aqueduct Section 5-14 Comparison of Errors in Water Balance Calculations for Each Section 5-15 Time Series of Total Error in Water Balance Calculations for California Aqueduct (Banks to Pearblossom) 5-16 Error in O’Neill Forebay Water Balance Plotted Against San Luis Reservoir Release