As10 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE COASTAL AREA BETWEEN HARA PENINSULA AND RISTININA / ICZM PLAN FOR THE LÄÄNEMAA CASE AREA To8 Lo4 Mi1 Ül3 SustainBaltic Tr12 ICZM Plans for Sustaining CoastalLo5 and Vl1 Pa8 To7 Marine Human-ecological Networks in the Baltic Region Vs4 Ül2 As9 Na4 Tr10 SPATIALPu3 DEVELOPMENT Vs3 Na3 Lo3 Põ7 Pu2 PLAN FOR THE COASTAL Tr7 Pa7 Vs2 Tr9 Tr11 To6 Pa5 AREA BETWEEN HARA As7 As8 Põ6 Ka2 Pa4 As6 Põ8 Pa6 Põ9 Tr8 PENINSULA AND Lo2 RISTININA As5 Pu1 ICZM PLAN FOR THE LÄÄNEMAA CASE AREA Tr6 Põ5 Põ4 Pa3 Ül1 To5 As4 To4 Pa2 Vs1 Lo1 Tr5 Na2 As3 Tsoon Sadama- ja tootmisalade tsoon (To) Tr4 Na1 To3 Asustuse arendusalade tsoon (As) Põ3 Traditsioonilise asustuse alade tsoon (Tr) Tr3 Põllumajandusalade tsoon (Põ) Ka1 Puhkemajanduslike arendusalade tsoon (Pa) Tr2 Puhkealade tsoon (Pu) Loodusalade tsoon (Lo) Põ1 To2 Mere üldise kasutuse tsoon (Ül) Pa1 To1 Mere veespordi sihtkasutuse tsoon (Vs) Põ2 Tr1 Mere veeliikluse sihtkasutuse tsoon (Vl) Mere kaadamise sihtkasutuse tsoon (Ka) As2 As1 Mere elupaikade sihtkasutuse tsoon (Na) Mere militaarse sihtkasutuse tsoon (Mi) 0 2 4 6 km SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE COASTAL AREA BETWEEN HARA PENINSULA AND RISTININA SustainBaltic ICZM Plans for Sustaining Coastal and Marine Human-ecological Networks in the Baltic Compiled by: Anne Kull, Valdeko Palginõmm, Maaria Semm, Pille Tomson (Estonian University of Life Sciences) Design & layout: Karl-Kristjan Videvik Project partners: LP - University of Turku, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Finnish Environment Institute, Tallinn University, Regional Council of Satakunta. Project SustainBalitic is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Central Baltic Programme 2014-2020. EUROPEAN UNION European Regional Development Fund EUROPEAN UNION European Regional Development Fund SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE COASTAL AREA BETWEEN HARA PENINSULA AND RISTININA / ICZM PLAN FOR THE LÄÄNEMAA CASE AREA Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Description of the case area 5 1.1. Cultural heritage 6 1.2. Nature conservation 6 1.3. Economic activity 6 2. Methodology and material for the land use zoning 7 3. Mapping problems and stakeholders 8 4. Land use zoning 9 4.1. Objective and vision of land use zoning 9 4.2. Zones 9 4.3. Zone descriptions and recommendations 11 4.3.1. Recreation zone 11 4.3.1.1. Public beach 11 4.3.1.2. Potential public beach 12 4.3.1.3. Local beach 13 4.3.1.4. Community beach 13 4.3.1.5. Recreational beach for other uses 14 4.3.2. Recreation development zone 14 4.3.3. Port and industrial zone 14 4.3.4. Traditional settlement zone 15 4.3.5. Residential development zone 15 4.3.6. Agricultural zone 15 4.3.7. Nature zone 16 4.3.8. General marine use zone 16 4.3.9. Targeted marine management zone 16 4.3.9.1. Targeted marine management zone for Natura 2000 habitats 16 4.3.9.2. Targeted water transport zone 17 4.3.9.3. Targeted water sport zone 17 4.3.9.4. Targeted marine management zone for dumping 17 4.3.9.5. Targeted marine management zone for military use 17 4.3.10. Access to the coast and the sea 17 5. Summary 18 SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE COASTAL AREA BETWEEN HARA PENINSULA AND RISTININA / ICZM PLAN FOR THE LÄÄNEMAA CASE AREA area; 4) public assessment of the plans 1. INTRODUCTION using both e-platforms and arranging working groups with the stakeholders and end-users directed by the project SustainBaltic i.e. ICZM Plans for Sustain- members; and 5) as the final results of ing Coastal and Marine Human-ecological SustainBaltic, the updated completed Networks in the Baltic Region project is ICZM plans can be downloaded from the implemented for 27 months during 2016– websites of the partner organisations 2018. SustainBaltic (CB354) is funded and at http://www.utu.fi/SustainBaltic, by the European Regional Development also beyond the life span of the project. Fund (ERDF) under the Central Baltic In addition, the interim results and the Programme 2014–2020. SustainBaltic is other activity phases of the preparation a cooperation project of the University of the first ICZM drafts are found at of Turku, the Estonian University of Life https://blogit.utu.fi/sustainbaltic/. Sciences, the Finnish Environment Insti- tute, the Regional Council of Satakunta, This ICZM plan covers the spatial devel- and Tallinn University. opment plan and land use zoning for the Läänemaa case area (from Ristinina pen- The project aims to improve the share insula in Keibu bay to Hara peninsula in of the managed coastal networks in the Hara bay). This ICZM plan is an indicative Central Baltic area by the cross-border document that municipalities can use in preparation of the ICZM plans for a to- the preparations of general plans or other tal of four case areas with their public local development documents (develop- assessment in Estonia and Finland. This ment plans, projects), as well as in the was planned to be achieved by 1) inte- preparation of national-level marine spa- grating multidisciplinary human-ecolog- tial plans. ical data on the whole project area: in Finland – the regions of Satakunta and SELECTING THE CASE Southwest Finland and in Estonia – the areas of Lääne, Harju, and Lääne-Viru AREA county with their land-sea interfaces; 2) selecting the themes of ICZMs and case The Läänemaa case area was select- study areas which are located along the ed based on four criteria: 1. high nature coast of Lääne and Lääne-Viru county in value (high biodiversity, the habitats of Estonia and in the region of Satakunta endangered species etc); 2. diverse and in Finland; 3) making four digital ICZM coastal-specific economic activities (rec- plans, which were first tested with the reation, fishing, use of wind energy, and current regional land use of the project land use of agricultural lands with high 4 Figure 1. The location of the Läänemaa case area nature value); 3. marginalisation prob- lems (low number of inhabitants in work- 2. DESCRIPTION OF ing age, few enterprises etc), and 4. diverse cultural heritage (valuable land- THE CASE AREA scapes, national and cultural heritage objects etc). Map analysis was used to The Läänemaa case area belongs to the combine all four topics where the map West-Estonian lowland. The area is gen- Keibu küla Keibu küla layers were created to reflect these cri- erally flat, absolute heights in coastal Rannaküla teria, and the area with the highest score area are usually less than 10–15 m above Rannaküla Lääne-Harju Lääne-Harju was selected as the case area. sea level. The terrain in north-western vald Peraküla Nõva küla vald Estonia has risen by approximately 100 m Peraküla Nõva küla The Läänemaa case area extends from since the last ice age and the annual up- Spithami küla / Spithamn Hara peninsula in the south to Ristinina in lift rate is currently 3 mm. As a result of Dirhami küla / Spithami küla / Spithamn the north , the total length of the coast- the neo-tectonic uplift, the coastal zone DirDhaemrhia kmünla / Derhamn line is 48 km (Figure 1). At the time of the expands and hydrological networks with Vaisi küla Rooslepa küla / Vaisi küla case area selection, the southern part of coastal landforms develop. The West-Es- Rooslepa küla / the case area belongs administratively to tonian lowland forms on limestone bed- Roslep Tusari küla Roslep Tusari küla Noarootsi and the northern part to Nõva rock, the calcareous soils with calciphil- Tuksi küla / Bergsby Tuksi küla / Bergsby rural municipality. After the administra- ous plant communities are common, tive reform in October 2018, Noarootsi including alvars. Large sandy shores and Nõva will be partial municipalities with sand dunes are characteristic of of the Lääne-Nigula rural municipality. landscapes in Keibu, Nõva, Dirhami, and Elbiku küla / Ölbäck Lääne-Nigula vald Elbiku küla / Ölbäck Lääne-Nigula vald Läänemaa also involves a small part of Roosta districts. In the areas of Hara and Harjumaa, as Keibu village is part of Riguldi, silt and till shores with reed-cov- Höbringi küla / Höbring Lääne-Harju rural municipality. The area ered coastal meadows are found. The cli- Höbringi küla / Höbring of the ICZM case site (marine and coastal mate of the western coast of Estonia is zone combined) is 218 km2. milder and more humid than in the inland. The biggest settlements in the case area of Läänemaa are Nõva (113 inhabitants in 2017) and Rannaküla (79); bigger vil- Riguldi küla / lages include Keibu (52), Vaisi (34), Hara Riguldi küla / Rickul Vanaküla / Gambyn (40), and Elbiku (32). In the last 50 years, Rickul Vanaküla / Gambyn the population in the villages of the case area has decreased from nearly 1,000 Aulepa küla / inhabitants to 400 people in 2017. More AuleDpiras lkäüttla / than 29% of the inhabitants living in the Hara küla / Dirslätt HaHraa krgüala / case area are more than 65 years old. Harga 5 0 2 4 6 km 0 2 4 6 km SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE COASTAL AREA BETWEEN HARA PENINSULA AND RISTININA / ICZM PLAN FOR THE LÄÄNEMAA CASE AREA Most young people do not live in the and appearance have survived to this The Nõva nature conservation forms a the sea-oriented practise areas of the Es- area permanently, only during the sum- day. Old threshing barns can be seen in part of the Nõva-Osmussaare bird and tonian National Defence on land (Nõva mers. Majority of the people work out- the villages, as well as small houses, gra- nature area of the Natura 2000 network. Liivase Beach) and at sea (near Ristinina). side the case area, 10% work in Tallinn.