riz M ; ES3 o; jP. Eu · W 091 aT IC 0 g 0e r § ar ~b 5u 0 09 255n p E ea - C fr! 0 C 5 0 X CONTENTS. PAGE ment formed in Western Australia-Henderson appointed Comp- troller-Company of Sappers attached-Commission on Penal Servi- tude in 1863-Death of Jebb-Succeeded by Henderson-Captain E. F. Da Cane appointed Director-He succeeds Henderson in all his Posts in 1869-Reforms instituted by him-Transfer of Local Prisons to Government-Additional Engineers appointed-Advantages of the New System-Metropolitan Police-Reforms introduced by Henderson -Succeeded by Sir Charles Warren-The Jubilee Festivities-His Resignation . 351 CHAPTER X. ARCHEOL,OGICAL EXPLORATION AND TRAVEL. Murdoch Smith at Halicarnassus-Explorations at Cyrene-Discovery of Sculpture-Transport to the Coast-Excavations at Jerusalem by Warren and Conder-Difficulties encountered-Results obtained- Conder's suggestion about Jeremiah's Grotto-The Tomb there-Gill's Travels in Persia, China, and Tibet-General Gordon at the Equatorial Lakes-Shepherd's Travels in Mongolia and Siberia . 363 PART IV. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Preliminary Observations . 379 Brigadier-General Holcroft Blood . 380 Lieutenant-General William Skinner 382 George Augustus Eliott (Lord Heathfield of Sussex and BIiron Gibraltar ) 384 Colonel Patricl; Mackellar . 386 Major-General David Watson . 388 Major-General James Bramham . 389 General Sir William Green, Bart.. 391 General Hugh Debbieg . 394 Major-General Sir Archibald Campbell, K.B. 397 The Durnford Family . 400 Major James Rennell, F.R.S. 401 Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher, Bart., K.C.H. 404 Field-Marshal Sir John Burgoyne, Bart., G.C.B. 406 General Sir Charles William Pasley, K.C.B. 433 Major-General Sir John Thomas Jones, Bart., K.C.B. 4:36 CONTENTS. ix CHAPTER VII. CIVl, RAILWAY AND TELEGRAPH WORK. PAGE Demand for Engineers to assist the Board of Trade-Sir Frederic Smith and Sir Charles Pasley appoirted Inspectors-General-Successive Appointments-Details of Inspection Duties as regards the Lines and also Accidents--Indian Railways--Frontier Military Lines--The Sind-Pishin Railway-Its Origin and Commencement-Stopped after Maiwand-Its Resumption under General Browne-Difficulties of the Work--Cholera-Floods-Opening of the Chappar Bridge by the Duchess of Connaught--List of Engineers employed-Post Office Telegraphs and the Corps-Formation of New Companies for the Purpose-Persian Telegraphs in connection with the Indo-European Line . 326 CHAPTER VIII. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS AND SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM. Project for International Exhibition in 1851, originating with the Society of Arts-Royal Commission and appointment of Lieutenant-Colonel Reid as Chairman of Executive Committee-Designs for Building- Employment of Royal Engineers during the Construction-Letter of Prince Consort to Master-General-Cobden's Opinions-Captain Owen -The Trial of Files-Exhibition at Marlborough House-Commence- ment of South Kensington Museum-Science and Art Department -Fowke's Picture Galleries-His Design for Exhibition of 1862- Engineers engaged in its Construction and during its Continuance- Death of Captain Fowke-Major-General Scott and the Albert Hall- Its Roof and Acoustic Properties-Engineer Officers appointed Act- ing Inspectors for Science and Art Schools-Major-General Donnelly placed at the Head of the Department-Officers under him-Persian Collection presented by Major-General Sir R. Murdoch Smith . .11 CHAPTER IX. CON VICr AND) ILITARY PRISONS. METROPOLITAN POLICE. Associated and Separate Systems-Jebb appointed Surveyor-General of Prisons-The Pentonville Model Prison-Alteration in System of Transportation-Portland Convict Prison-Dartmoor, Chatham, and Portsmouth-Military Crime and its Punishment-Establishment of Military Prisons-'Board of Directors of Convict Prisons- -Penal Settle- VOL. II-A* . viiIVlll CONTENTS. PAGE H.R.H. Prince Alfred-Major Elphinstone named to the same post with H.R.H. Prince Arthur-Major Cowell appointed Master of the Household-Sir Howard Elphinstone made Comptroller to H.R.H the Duke of Connaught-Captain Fleetwood Edwards appointed Assistant Private Secretary and Keeper of the Privy Purse-Lieutenant Haig named Equerry to H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh-Major S. Waller, Equerry to H.R.H. the Duke of Albany-Serjeant-Major Wilson placed over the Royal Laundry at Richmond-Sapper Livingston made Inventory Clerk-Sapper Faulkner Engine-Driver at Frogmore. 278 CHAPTER V. COLONIAL, FOREIGN, AND INDIA OFFICE WORK. Sir Archibald Campbell Governor of Jamaica and Madras-Sir William Reid at Bermuda-The Good Governor-Promoted to Barbados-His Resignation-Appointed to Malta-Sir William Denison at Van Die- man's Land-The Transportation Question-The Irish Political Prisoners-Government of New South Wales-Responsible Govern- ment-Pitcairn Islanders-Government of Madras-Temporary Ap- pointment as Governor-General of India-Sir Andrew Clarke Governor of Straits Settlements-Member of Indian Council-Sir Lintorn Sim- mons Commissioner with the Turkish Army-Consul-General at War- saw-Military Adviser to Lord Beaconsfield at Berlin-Governor of Malta-Sir Edward Stanton Consul-General at Warsaw and in Egypt -Charge d'Affaires at Munich-Sir Charles Warren in Griqua and Bechuana Land-Desert Expedition in Search of Palmer and his com- panions-Second Bechuanaland Expedition--General Gordon at Khar- toum-Afghan Boundary Commission-List of Governors-Indian Appointments-Officers under the Egyptian Government . 285 CHAPTER VI. IRISH GOVERNMENrAL WORK. The two Under Secretaries-Drummond's measures-Larcom's work- Burgoyne appointed Chairman of Board of Public Works-Duties of the Board-Shannon Improvement Works-Railway Commission and its Report-Proposed State Assistance-Burgoyne succeeded by H. Jones as Chairman of Board of Works-Irish Famine in 1846- Commission for its Relief- Foster as Commissioner -Harness on Special Duty-McKerlie succeeds him and becomes Chairman- County Relief Works in 1879-80--Engineers employed- Sankey succeeds McKerlie-Sir Atwell Lake appointed Chief Commissioner of Dublin Police . 313 CONTENTS. Vii CHAPTER I1. THE ORDNANCE SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. THE GRAND TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. PAGE Origin of the Ordnance Survey-Watson and Roy-Connection of the British and French Triangulations-Base Lines on Hounslow Heath, Romney Marsh, Salisbury Plain, and Sedgemoor-Triangulations and consequent Calculations-Difficulties to beovercome-Equationsof Con- dition-Measurement of Meridional Arcs-Formation ot Royal Military Survey Corps--Colby and Station Hunting- Survey of Ireland-Base on Lough Foyle-Colby's Compensation Bars-Drummond's Heliostat and Light-Success of the latter at Slieve Snaght-Recovering Lost Stations-Different Scales adopted-Contouring-Southampton Office -Organization of the Department-Photozincograph Reproductions- Grand European Arc Measurement. Grand Trigonometrical Survey of India-Rennell and Lambton-Everest, Waugh, and Walker-Extent of the work-Its Climatic difficulties -ubstacles in determining Altitude-Robinson-Palladio Basevi 228 CHAPTER III. NORTH AMERICAN BOUNDARY COMMISSION. SURVEYS IN PALESTINE. Extent of the North American Boundary Line-First Commission for the Atlantic portion in 1843-Astronomical Work--Severity of Climate- Mode of cutting Line-Defining Watershed-Second Commission for Pacific Side in 1858-Extended from Coast to Long. 114° W.-Diffi- culties encountered-Third Commission in 1872 to complete Line- Additional difficulties-Great Storm-System adopted in running the Line-Completion of Boundary across the Continent. Palestine Surveys-Besant's opinion of the Engineers employed-Wilson and the Survey of Jerusalem-Extended operations in Palestine in 1865-6-Survey of Sinaitic Peninsula by Wilson-Conder's Survey of Western Palestine in 1872-Conder joined by Kitchener-Eastern Palestine work in 1881 . .255 CHAPTER IV. SERVICE IN THE HOUSEHOLDS OE THE SOVEREIGN AND ROYAL FAMILY. George Morrison-Leonard Smelt, the Sub-Governor to the Prince of Wales and Duke of York-Sir J. M. F. Smith, Gentleman-Usher of the Privy Chamber-Lieutenant Cowell appointed Governor to vi CONTENTS. PAGE up the Royal George at Spithead-Dep6t of the Corps removed from Woolwich to Chatham in 1850-Committee on the School in 1865- Synopsis of present Courses-Cardew's Electrical Inventions-Abney's Chemical and Photographic Inventions-Ballooning-Staff at the School-Formation of Royal Engineer Band-Mess Establishment- Portraits-Plate-Memorials in Rochester Cathedral. 169 CHAPTER V. ROYAL ENGINEER COMMITTEE. Warrant Establishing Committee at the Tower in 1782-Colonel Debbieg and the Duke of Richmond-Dissolution of Committee-New Committee formed in 1857-Abolition in 1859-Appointment of Captain Duff for preparation of a Reserve of Stores-Revival of Engineer Committee in 1862-Remodelled in 1866-Appointment of Major Home as paid Secretary-Present constitution of Committee -List of Secretaries. 202 PART III. DEPARTMENTAL AND CIVIL WORK. CHAPTER I. THE NATIONAL DEFENCES. Board on National Defences in 1785-Their Report-Scheme brought before Parliament and Rejected-Glenie and the Duke of Richmond -The Long Peace-Warning Note Sounded by Sir J. Burgoyne-Lord Palmerston's Cabinet Paper-The Duke of Wellington's Letter- Cobden and the Peace Party-War with Russia-Royal Commission on Defences in 1859-Their Report and Estimate-Adopted in a Reduced Form-List of Works as carried out-Their Designers- Inglis and the Ironwork of the Forts-Fitment Committee-Coaling Stations and Mercantile Ports-Militia and Volunteer Submarine Miners-Engineer Coast Battalion-Sir Lintorn