CON TENTS. P ART I . TOP OG RA P H Y . H TE — i ti r li e C AP R I . S tua on , a ea , coast n CHAP TER n — ro ra h o O g p y n o . 000 00. P ART I I . G EOLOGY . - C HAPTER III . General Remarks CH APTER V - I . Archm n Grou p 1 . Gneiss System u . Crystalline Schists System HAPTER V—P C . alaeozoic Grou p 1 . Stratigraphy and 11 L . ocal Descriptions CH APTER VI -Mesozoic Grou p l Tr S m . iassic yste u ur i . J ass c System u r. Cretaceous — CH APTER VIL Ca inozoic Grou p r Ter iar S s em . t y y t u uaternar m . Q y Syste l -I ou Ro C H AP TER VIl . g ne s cks ld I 1. O er gn eous Rocks n . Younger Igneous Roc ks P ART I I I . ECONO M IC G EO L OGY . — if r us De osits C H AP TER IX. Metall e o p 1. Gold H as hidate CONTENTS. Kayanuma Coal-field H ou srw Aburato Coal I walti-H itaclti Coal-field Tertiar Coal-field of Asa- ori Na a o y g , g t Chikuho Coal-field Coal-neids of Northern H izen Matsu -shima Coal Coal-fields of Takashima and adj acen t Miike Coal-field SOUTH ERN ISLANDS Coal-field of the Yaeyama I slan ds - Coal fields of Taiwan ( Formosa) C. D. m . Petroleum HOKKAID6 P enkeo irar ika Yu uts- or b p , p g i, I uri Shumbets Atsuta- ori I shikari , g , UGO Ni orikawa Minami-Akita- ori g , g zumi Minami-Akita- ori I , g Kami- un i Yuri Og , Ecm oo Kurokaw Kita-Kamb r - ori a, a a g Nii su Naka-Kambara- ori t , g H i ashi ama Koshi- ori g y , g Takezawa Koshi- ori , g Amaze San o- ori , t g ' Kusozu and ir SantEy- ori Ush odani , g M oho i Kariha- ori y j , g Nishi ama Oi l-field Kariha- ori y , g Oil-fields of H igashi-Kubiki-gori Oil-fields of Naka-Kubiki-gori Oil-field of Nishi-Kubiki-gori SHI NANO il-fi e of Tomikura Shimo-Mia ochi- ori O ld , g il-field of Sai o Kami-Minoc hi- ori O j , g T6T6Mt i v CONTENTS. Oil field of Su e a a H ibar - ori g g y , a a g Amber Stones for Bu ildings and Monuments Clays and Natural P recious Stones Abrasive Materials Material for I nkstones or Suzuri-isht Slates t tite A almatolite Asbestos and G sum Sea , g , yp Limestone F u rs ar Talc Mica nd uartz l o p , , a Q P orcelain Glaze Mineral P i men and Medicinal , g ts Minerals . Sulphur Phosphates XVI II . Mineral Springs P ART I . T O P O G R A P H Y . CHAP TER I. SITUATION, AREA, COAST LINE. The Em ire of a an consistin of a a r e nu m er of p J p , g l g b i lan s situated off the eas tern coast of the Asia tic continent s d , ° ’ tr tch from 1 1 20 E on . Kwasho in the oko or s e es 9 . l g ( H ° ’ P ca or s Gr ou to 1 6 2 E Shumshu Is and in the es d e p) 5 3 . ( l ° ’ Kur iles and fr om 2 1 N. lat Vee Rete Rocks of ) 4 5 . ( l ° ’ r il h A i I d in the Ku es . T F ormosa) to 50 5 6 N. ( la d slan ) e lon chain of islan s ex tendin ov er 00 ki ometers con g d g 4, 7 l tinnes in raceful cu rv es formin three distinct a rcs v iz g g , h hi The thr ee r in R ii k ti a an ro er and C is ma. a cs y y , J p P p , , combination with the peninsulas of Kor ea a nd Kamtchatka a nd the Is and of Sa ha ien enc ose succes s iv e the Easter n l g l , l ly Sea Sea of a an and Okhotsk Sea , J p , . Th nu m r f is in circum f renc e be o lands abov e 4 km. e e h ex ceeds 00 t eir tota area is 1 s km . and 5 ; l 4 7, q . , ir Th r the total length of coast line is km . e atio o f the total length of coas t lin e to the geometrica l circum l fer ence is 1 . 1 By the geometrica l circumferen ce is meant the circu mferen ce of a circleof eq ual area. 2 TOPOGRAP IIY. The areas a nd lengths of coa st line of the fiv e la m es t islands are as follows Ratio of lengthof Len gthof coast t coast line to eo Aren in sq. kilomeers. g linein kilometers. Honshu 1 1 Kyushu 1 Taiwan 1 Shikoku 1 The coast line of aiwan or Formosa is on the who e T , l , poor in indentati on ; there are some s mall bays in the n or th ea ster n s ide the har ou rs of iiru n eeun and Sufi ein , b K (K l g) b g mon them a g . okkaido has onl a few a s the m ost notew orth H y b y , y being Volca no Bay and Hakoda te Ba y on the s outhand the N h Bays of emor o and Akkeshi on t e east. Kyushu ranks firs t in coast dev elopment and poss esses man ood h r u r th hv e th a r e Ba y g a bo s . On the sou we a e l g y of a oshima a nd th r k -n — i Th wester n c t f K g e A ia e o um . e oas o Kyushu is the m os t indented in the whole empire; the pr o minent fea tur es of it are the Sea of Yatsus hiro whichis full of sm a l is an s the dee Ariake-no-umi and the entir e coast of l l d , p , the prov ince of Hizen whichcomprises many peninsulas and ad acent to which lie numerous is ets . The a s of Imari j l B y , a rats u a nd akata a nd the uki-no-umi ar e on the nor ther n K , H , K c h- oas t and the e u Ba is on the nort eas t. Southward , B pp y fr om Beppu Bay to the har bour of Hososhima the coas t is of Rias t Sti ore southwar the ea stern oast f ype. ll m d c o a is sin ular inear Hyug g ly l . r in The ea st r n nd Shikoku is dev oid of la ge lets . e a h re erra d wes ter n s ides oppos ite Kii and Kyus u a s te . The long coast line of H onshii or the Main Island v aries f differen t ar ts On the uthr in its character istic eatu r es in p . so e n fa ke of the Pacific s ide many larg e a rm s of the s ea ru n in TOPOGRAP HY. 3 n orthwar d form in the eninsu as of Kn Chita Atsu mi Izu , g p l , , , , Miu ra a nd Awa- az usa on the eas tern face the on ba , K ; ly y is that of Ishinomaki Some arts of the coasts of Kii Riku . p , ' z en a nd Rikuchti a r oach the Ri e The oast of th pp as typ . c e Sea of a an is m onotonous with a few in ets and r o ec J p , l p j tions of whichNaka-umi an d Miho Ba in Izumo a nd the y , Ba s of akasa and suru a the Ba of o ama withthe y W T g , y T y P eninsu a of Noto and the Hachiro- ata w ith the smal l , g l nin u a f a hi h t u h e s o O s m a ma be m entione . T e Se o c i p l g , y d o r In and Sea of a an fam ous for its a rinth of is ets l J p , l by l a nd eninsu as res ents a character istic t e of coast s cener . p l , p yp y CHAP TER II. GEOGRAPHY. The Islands of the Japanese Empire are but the sum mit l of a half submerged grea t m ou ntain system that girdles the P a ci c s ide of the As iatic continent fi . Cons equen tly the coun try i n t tra The w ides t ains ar e the s esse tially a m oun ainous ct. pl k ido As none high Diluv ia l flats in Nor thern Japa n and Hok a . o f the islands has its centre mor e than a hu ndred kilometer s dis ta n t from the sea there is no r oom for the deveo ment , l p o f t r t m gr ea iver sys e s.