Consultancy Study on the Heritage Conservation Regimes in Other Jurisdictions April 2014 Development Bureau The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region CONSULTANCY STUDY ON THE HERITAGE CONSERVATION REGIMES IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS April 2014 Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the generous time and knowledge provided by the following organisations and person that contributed in various forms in this report . Mr. Stephen, Chan Chak Seng, Deputy President, the Cultural Affairs Bureau, Macao SAR . Mr. Jacob, Cheong Cheok Kio, Chief, the Cultural Heritage Department, Macao SAR . English Heritage . Ms. Hiromi Matsuyama of Ministry of the Environment, Japan . Mr. Franciso Vizeu Pinheiro, Senior Technical Advisor, the Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (IACM), Macao SAR . George Stamatopoulos of Stamos Yeoh Architects . Prof. Shao Yong, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, National Research Center of Historic Cities, Shanghai, China. i Research Team Team Members Prof. HO Puay-peng MA (Hons), DipArch (Edin.), PhD (London), RIBA Director, CAHR, CUHK Advisor, HKICON Professor, Department of Architecture, CUHK Honorary Professor, Department of Fine Art, CUHK Mr. LO Ka Yu, Henry BSSc (AS), MArch, MPhil (Arch), HKICON Associate Director, CAHR, CUHK Ms. HO Sum Yee, May BSSc (AS), MArch, PDip (Cultural Heritage Management), MSc (Conservation), Registered Architect, HKIA, HKICON Conservation Architect, CAHR, CUHK Ms. NG Wan Yee, Wendy BA (AS), MSc (Conservation of the Historic Environment), HKICON Research Project Officer, CAHR, CUHK Ms. YUEN Ming Shan, Connie MA (Edin.), MPhil (Cantab) Research Assistant, CAHR, CUHK ii Prof. Lynne DISTEFANO BA(Russell Sage), MA (Boston); PhD(U Penn), Adjunct Professor, HKU Past Director, Architectural Conservation Programmes, HKU ICOMOS Expert and Technical Evaluator Founding President, HKICON Honorary Affiliate, AIA, Hong Kong Chapter Dr. LEE Ho Yin BA(AS), BArch (NUS); PhD (HKU), Assistant Professor, HKU Director, Architectural Conservation Programmes, HKU Founding Vice-President, HKICON Founding Member HKIUD Associate Member, HKIA Prof. Harold KALMAN CM, PhD (Princeton), LLD (Uvic) Honorary Professor, Architectural Conservation Programmes, HKU Heritage Conservation Planner Professional Member, HKICON Professional Member, CAHP Ms. Katie CUMMER BA(Hons) (Queen’s University), Dip(CRM) (UVic), MSc(Conservation) (HKU) Assistant Lecturer, Architectural Conservation Programmes, HKU Professional Member, HKICON iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Consultancy Study on the Heritage Conservation Regimes in Other Jurisdictions ....................................... i Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................... i Research Team ................................................................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Australia ........................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Heritage Designation system ........................................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Definition of Heritage ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Assessment of Heritage .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.4 Institutional Arrangement ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Legal Framework ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 National Laws ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.2 State Laws (NSW) ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.3 Local Laws (Sydney) ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Incentives ........................................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Public Participation .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Canada ........................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 15 3.1.1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Heritage Designation System ........................................................................................................ 15 3.1.3 Definition of Heritage ................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.4 Assessment of Heritage ................................................................................................................ 19 3.1.5 Opportunity Cost ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Legal Framework ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 Separation of Powers ................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 Federal Government Responsibility for Heritage ............................................................................ 20 3.2.3 Provincial Government Responsibility for Heritage ........................................................................ 22 3.2.4 Local Government Responsibility for Heritage .............................................................................. 26 3.3 Incentives ........................................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1 Financial Incentives ........................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2 Non-Financial Incentives ................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 Public Participation .............................................................................................................................. 43 3.5 Interpretation ..................................................................................................................................... 45 3.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 46 China ............................................................................................................................................. 48 4.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 48 4.1.1 Heritage Designation System ........................................................................................................ 49 4.1.2 Assessment Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 51 4.1.2.2 Areas with Historical Cultural Features ....................................................................................... 51 4.1.3 Assessment Body and Mechanism ................................................................................................. 52 iv 4.1.4 Institutional Arrangement .............................................................................................................. 52 4.2 Legal Framework ..............................................................................................................................