An American Profile: The United States and Its People Population, Percentage Change, and Racial Composition for the United States, 1790–2002 Population of Increase over Preceding Census Racial Composition, Percent Distribution* Census United States Number Percentage White Black Latino Asian 1790 3,929,214 80.7 19.3 NA NA 1800 5,308,483 1,379,269 35.1 81.1 18.9 NA NA 1810 7,239,881 1,931,398 36.4 81.0 19.0 NA NA 1820 9,638,453 2,398,572 33.1 81.6 18.4 NA NA 1830 12,866,020 3,227,567 33.5 81.9 18.1 NA NA 1840 17,069,453 4,203,433 32.7 83.2 16.8 NA NA 1850 23,191,876 6,122,423 35.9 84.3 15.7 NA NA 1860 31,433,321 8,251,445 35.6 85.6 14.1 NA NA 1870 39,818,449 8,375,128 26.6 86.2 13.5 NA NA 1880 50,155,783 10,337,334 26.0 86.5 13.1 NA NA 1890 62,947,714 12,791,931 25.5 87.5 11.9 NA NA 1900 75,994,575 13,046,861 20.7 87.9 11.6 NA 0.3 1910 91,972,266 15,997,691 21.0 88.9 10.7 NA 0.3 1920 105,710,620 13,738,354 14.9 89.7 9.9 NA 0.3 1930 122,775,046 17,064,426 16.1 89.8 9.7 NA 0.4 1940 131,669,275 8,894,229 7.2 89.8 9.8 NA 0.4 1950 150,697,361 19,028,086 14.5 89.5 10.0 NA 0.4 1960 † 179,323,175 28,625,814 19.0 88.6 10.5 NA 0.5 1970 203,235,298 23,912,123 13.3 87.6 11.1 NA 0.7 1980 226,504,825 23,269,527 11.4 85.9 11.8 6.4 1.5 1990 248,709,873 22,205,048 9.8 83.9 12.3 9.0 2.9 2000 282,177,754 33,467,881 12.0 81.0 12.7 12.5 3.8 2002 287,973,924 5,796,170 2.0 80.1 12.7 13.4 4.0 *Not every racial group included (e.g., no Native Americans). Persons of Latino origin may be of any race. Data for 1980, 1990, 2000, 2002 add up to more than 100% because those who identify themselves as “Latino” could still be counted as “White.” †First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. (Sources: Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, updated by relevant Statistical Abstract of the United States. ) Population Density and Distribution, 1790–2000 % Urban* % Rural 80 24.8 21.0 70 26.5 26.3 30.1 36.0 43.8 43.5 48.8 60 54.3 60.3 64.9 71.8 50 75.1 80.2 84.7 91.2 89.2 94.9 93.9 92.8 92.8 40 79.0 75.2 30 73.5 73.7 69.9 64.0 Population per square mile 56.2 56.5 20 51.2 45.7 39.7 35.1 28.2 10 24.9 19.8 15.3 8.8 10.8 5.1 6.1 7.2 7.2 0 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960† 1970 1980 1990 2000 *The Bureau of the Census defines “urban” as communities of 2,500 or more inhabitants. †First year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii. (Sources: Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, updated by relevant Statistical Abstract of the United States .) An American Profile: The United States and Its People A51 Changing Characteristics of the U.S. Population Birthrates per thousand women ages 15–44 Life expectancy at birth 150 80 70 100 60 Age Rate 50 50 40 0 30 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2001 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2001 Median age of population (years) Infant mortality 40 150 120 30 90 Total Age Black 60 20 White Per 1,000 live births 30 10 0 1820 1850 1900 1950 2002 1920 1930 1950 1970 1990 2001 Household size Median age at first marriage 6 30 5 28 4 26 Male 3 Age 24 2 22 1 Female Average number of household members 0 20 1790 1850 18701890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2002 1890 1910 1930 19501970 1990 200 0 (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) A52 An American Profile: The United States and Its People Changing Lifestyles in Modern America Households with all Occupied households with Occupied households with plumbing facilities, 1940–2000 electric service, 1900–2000 telephones, 1920–2001 100 100 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 70 70 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 Percentage Percentage Percentage 30 20 10 0 1940* 1950* 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1900 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2001 Motor-vehicle registrations, Households with television sets, Households with videocassette 1900–2001 1946–2001 recorders (VCRs), 1970–2001 250 100 100 90 90 200 80 80 70 70 150 60 60 50 50 100 40 40 Percentage Percentage 30 30 50 20 20 Registration (in millions) 10 10 0 0 0 1900 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2001 19401950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2001 1970 1980 1990 2001 *Except for 1940 and 1950, figures for “all plumbing facilities” (not detailed in source). For 1940, figure is for flush toilet, inside structure, private use (64.7 percent had flush toilet and private and/or shared inside structure, and 60.9 percent had installed bath or shower). For 1950, figure designates units with private toilet and bath and hot running water (flush toilet, private or shared inside structure is 74.3 percent; installed bathtub or shower, 72.9 percent). (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) Characteristics of the U.S. Labor Force Total labor force (age 16 or over, employed and Gender composition of labor force, 1900–2002 Top three occupational categories unemployed seeking work) (percentage of men and women in civilian labor force) (rank based on total numbers) for workers age 14 and older 150 100 farm manual* white collar† service 75 Men Rank 1 2 3 100 1900 50 1920 Percentage 50 1940 Millions of persons Women 25 1960 1980 0 0 2002 1870 1900 1930 1960 1990 2002 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2002 *Manual workers = operators, fabricators, and laborers plus precision production, craft, and repair. †White-collar workers = managerial and professional plus technical, sales, and administrative support. (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics, relevant years.) An American Profile: The United States and Its People A53 Leading Economic Sectors (various years) Percentage of 1849 1899 value added contributed Construction Manufacturing Construction 7.9 32.1 12.6 Manufacturing Mining 49.3 Mining 4.6 1.4 Agriculture Agriculture 59.3 33.3 1949 2001 Communication 1.6 Agriculture Services Government Trade Transportation 5.7 1.4 Trade Government 18.7 8.9 12.7 16.0 8.7 Finance, Manufacturing insurance, 14.1 Services and real 22.1 Agriculture Manufacturing estate 10.8 7.6 28.0 Construction Mining 4.8 3.2 Mining Communication Construction 1.4 2.9 Transportation 4.4 Finance, Electricity, gas, insurance, 3.0 and sanitation and real estate 2.2 20.6 (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States , Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and Bureau of Economic Analysis.) Per Capita Disposable Personal Income in Constant Comparative Tax Burdens (percentage of gross (1987) Dollars, 1940–2002 domestic product paid as taxes in major industrial countries, 2000) 1987 Dollars 18,000 Sweden 53.6% Belgium 45.6% 15,000 France 45.3% Italy 42.0% 12,000 Netherlands 41.4% Germany 37.9% 9,000 United Kingdom 37.4% United 29.6% States 6,000 Japan 27.1% (Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and 3,000 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.) 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2002 (Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and John J. McCusker, “Comparing the Purchasing Power of Money in the U.S.,” [2004], Economic History Services http://www.eh.net/hmit/ppowerusd/) A54 An American Profile: The United States and Its People The Federal Budget Dollar and How It Is Spent, by Major Category 1960 1980 2000 Education Education Education Interest Health Interest 1.1¢ 5.4¢ 3.5¢ 8.5¢ 0.9¢ 7.5¢ Health 10¢ Interest Income 11.2¢ Health Security* 21.2¢ National 19.8¢ National Income Income Defense Defense Security* National Security* 49¢ Other 23.1¢ 33.9¢ Defense 38.2¢ 21.7¢ Other 17.3¢ Other 16.4¢ 11.3¢ *Includes Social Security payments to the elderly and disabled, unemployment compensation, and welfare. Note the shifting emphasis in the budget from defense spending to health and income security, and to interest payments on the national debt. (Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) The U.S. Balance of Trade, 1900–2002 Billions of dollars 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 50 +5.922 +2.7 +2.950 +1.396 +1.423 +.782 +.545 0 +.188 – 50 –66.2 –75.0 –24.2 –40.0 –101.7 –100 –108.0 –132.1 –261.2 –150 –163.2 –200 –250 Status of the balance trade –300 –350 –357.8 –375.4 –400 –418.0 –450 (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States and Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years.) An American Profile: The United States and Its People A55 Tariff Levies on Dutiable Imports, 1821–2003 (ratio of duties to value of dutiable imports) 100 90 t 46 61 1947 1967 80 1828 TariffCompromise of AbominationsTariff Tariff, Walkerof 18421833 Tariff,Tariff 18 Morrillof 1857 Tariff, 18 McKinley Tariff,Wilson-Gorman Dingley1890 Payne-Aldrich Tariff, Tariff, Underwood1897 1894 Tariff,Emergency Tariff, Fordney-McCumber1909 1913 Tariff,Smoot-Hawley 1921 Tariff,Reciprocal Tariff, TradeGeneral 1930 Agreements Agreement on 70 1922 Act, 1934 Tariffs & Trade, 1962 TradeKennedy Expansion TradeRound, Reform Ac Trade Act, & 1974 Tariff Act, 1984 60 North American 50 Free Trade Agreement, Percentage 1993 40 30 20 10 0 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2003 (Sources: Historical Statistics of the United States , Statistical Abstract of the United States, relevant years, and United States International Trade Commission.) Gross Domestic Product in Current and Constant 1995 Dollars* 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 U.S.