Historicetl Revie^w The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: The Mississippi River landmark, "Tower Rock," by Charles Bodmer, is based on a sketch by the artist in 1833. A framed, tinted engraving in the State Historical So­ ciety's art collection, it is Vignette No. 9, extracted from the atlas of The Travels in the Interior of North Amer­ ica, by Maximilian, Prince of Wied. The Lewis and Clark Expedition visited Tower Rock, and William Clark sketched a map of the area on November 25 > 1803. An article on "William Clark's Mapping in Missouri, 1803-1804" appears in this issue. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR Copyright © 1982 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXVI Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State NUMBER 3 Historical Society of Missouri during their term of member­ ship. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. APRIL 1982 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1980-1983 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fifth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ELMER ELLIS, Columbia LEO JS ROZIER, Perry ville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1982 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville J. J. GRAF, Hermann RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS. MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis ARVARH H. STRICKLAND, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1983 CHARLES BLANTON III, Sikeston VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall R. I. COLBORN, Paris W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelby ville W. W. DALTON, St. Louis DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1984 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, St. Louis W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perry ville ii A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR At the annual meeting of the Society on October 17, 1981, the members voted unanimously to increase the mem­ bership fees. This measure was taken to allow the Society to become more self-sufficient during these economically difficult times. Annual membership fees have been in­ creased to $5.00, and lifetime membership fees to $100.00. In an effort to reduce the Society's expenses, the Missouri Historical Review no longer will be forwarded because of an incorrect address. To remail one copy of the Review returned by the post office because of an in­ correct address costs the Society $2.53. If you move, a change of address should be sent promptly to: The State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Co­ lumbia, Missouri 65201. Sincerely, Richard S. Brownlee iii EDITORIAL POLICY The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is always inter­ ested in articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Articles pertaining to surrounding states and other sections are considered for publication when they involve events or personalities having a significant bearing on the history of Missouri or the West. Any aspect of Mis­ souri history is considered suitable for publication in the REVIEW. Genealogical studies are not accepted because of limited general reader interest. In submitting articles for the REVIEW, the authors should examine back issues for the proper form in foot­ noting. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used in research, interpretation and the style in which it is written, are criteria for acceptance for publica­ tion. The original and a carbon copy of the article should be submitted. It is suggested that the author retain a car­ bon of the article. The copy should be double-spaced and footnotes typed consecutively on separate pages at the end of the article. The maximum length for an article is 7,500 words. All articles accepted for publication in the REVIEW become the property of the State Historical Society and may not be published elsewhere without permission. Only in special circumstances will an article previously pub­ lished in another magazine or journal, be accepted for the REVIEW. Because of the backlog of accepted articles, publica­ tion may be delayed for a period of time. Articles submitted for the REVIEW should be ad­ dressed to: Dr. Richard S. Brownlee, Editor MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 SOCIETY TO PRESENT AWARDS At the Annual Meeting in October the Society will confer three awards. An engraved citation and a me­ dallion will be awarded to a member who has given distinguished service to the Society and to the State of Missouri in the promotion and dissemination of knowl­ edge concerning the history of our region. A second engraved citation and a one-hundred-dollar cash award will be given for the REVIEW article during the calendar year which has contributed most in depth in a scholarly and popular sense to the history of our State. The two-hundred-fifty-dollar Floyd C. Shoe­ maker History Award will be presented to a junior class student in a Missouri college or university who has written the best historical article that relates to Missouri events or personalities. The distinguished member will be selected by a three-member committee appointed by the Society president. One member of the selection committee will serve for two years and two members for one year. No active officers or trustees of the Society, with the ex­ ception of past presidents, may be nominated for the Distinguished Service Award. Nominations should be made in writing to Richard S. Brownlee, director of the Society, any time during the calendar year. The prize-winning article will be selected by three his­ torians appointed by the editor of the REVIEW. The selection committee will be changed each year with the exception of one member who will be replaced after two years. Articles submitted for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award will be judged by the De­ partment of History of the University of Missouri- Columbia. CONTENTS WILLIAM CLARK'S MAPPING IN MISSOURI, 1803-1804. By W. Raymond Wood 241 MISSOURI COUNTY ORGANIZATION, 1812-1876. By Marian M. Ohman 253 A SEARCH FOR THE RISING TIDE: THE LETTERS OF NATHANIEL LEONARD, 1820-1824. By Jeffrey L. Gall 282 CREATING THE DREAM: JEFFERSON NATIONAL EXPANSION MEMORIAL, 1933-1935. By Sharon A. Brown 302 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS News in Brief 327 Local Historical Societies 329 Gifts 344 Missouri History in Newspapers 347 Missouri History in Magazines 349 In Memoriam 353 BOOK REVIEW 355 BOOK NOTES 359 CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, LEXINGTON Inside Back Cover vi William Clark, Cartographer of the Lewis and Clark Expedition William Clark's Mapping in Missouri 1803-1804 BY W. RAYMOND WOOD* In addition to his substantial mapping of the Missouri River in the Great Plains area, and of the Columbia River basin in the Pacific Northwest, William Clark also produced route maps of the passage of the Lewis and Clark expedition along the lower reaches of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The finished prod­ ucts of most of that mapping appear to have been lost, but three sketch maps exist of short segments of the Mississippi River, and no less than five other maps have been preserved that illustrate the expedition's trek along the Missouri River within the present boundaries of the state of Missouri (Fig. 1). * W. Raymond Wood is professor of Anthropology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and a Ph.D. from the University of Oregon, Eugene. 241 242 Missouri Historical Review Fig. 1. Coverage of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Provided by William Clark's Field Maps, 1803-1804 Clark, as the person preeminently responsible for producing the maps illustrating the expedition's route and its discoveries, drafted several charts—both before and after the expedition—that depict all or most of the modern state of Missouri as parts of larger maps.1 The maps discussed below, however, were pre­ liminary detail maps illustrating features later incorporated into those more general maps.