E Guide Lighting control Building Management Lighting control not only enables System the lighting to be adjusted to suit BACnet the visual requirements but also Lighting controls Module Lighting controls Module LON allows it to shape and interpret KNX DALI Ethernet DMX the architecture. Light scenes are easily set up using the appropri- Luminaires ate software and can be recalled Controlling the light Control systems Devices via an interface. The inclusion of light colours and the time dimen- sion opens up a room for sceno- graphic lighting with dynamic effects. Lighting control systems with sensors or time programs also help adjust the power con- sumption in a room to its usage and thus optimise the economic efficiency of a lighting system. Design examples Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 279 E Guide Lighting control Controlling the light The atmosphere in a room can be changed by controlling a number of variables. These include basic functions such as switching circuits on and off through to automatically timed colour pro- gressions. Programming the light Functions scenes means that the settings are saved but can be redefined and adjusted to suit changing requirements. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 280 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light Functions Switching and dimming are two basic functions of a lighting control system that can be used to produce different lighting situations. Luminaires with vari- able light colours also include a colour setting mode. Features Switching Dimming Light colour such as cross-fading and dynamic colour progression are crucial for dynamic lighting designs. Light- ing changes can be initiated and regulated automatically via time and sensor control. Scene Cross-Fading Dynamic colour progression Sequence Timer Sensor Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 281 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Switching The easiest situation is to turn the light on and off with a switch or a push-button. For a variety of light scenes different circuits with separate switches are required. Suitably positioned switches result in easier usage. Most lamps produce full light output imme- diately. High-pressure discharge lamps, however, usually have a run-up time of several minutes and an even longer cooling-down period before re-ignition. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 282 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Dimming Dimming is the infinitely variable adjustment of the light output of a light source. It enables the creation of different light scenes, increases the visual comfort and optimises the power consump- tion. Dimming also prolongs the life of incandescent lamps. Thermal radiators such as tung- sten halogen lamps are easily dimmed. Fluorescent lamps and LEDs require special dimmable control gear. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 283 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Light colour The light colour of luminaires with variable colours of light can be defined by hue, satura- tion and brightness. The possible colours depend on the lamp and the lighting technology used. Coloured light can change the atmosphere of a room and high- light individual objects. RGB col- our mixing technology controls the individual primary colours red, green and blue to produce the required light colour. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 284 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Scene A scene is a static lighting situ- ation. It defines the state of all lighting components such as luminaires, light ceilings and light objects with their different switch and dimmer settings. The scenes can be saved in lighting control systems. The user can preset complex luminaire settings and conveniently recall them either manually or automatically. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 285 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Cross-Fading In regard to lighting, cross- fading refers to the transition from one light scene to another. The cross-fading time is the period required for the scene change. It varies between instant change and a transition of several hours. High-contrast scenes with a short cross-fading time gener- ate considerable attention. Subtle transitions with lengthy cross- fading times, on the other hand, are hardly noticeable. The scene change can be initiated by the user, a sensor, or a timer. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 286 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Dynamic colour progression Dynamic colour progression refers to the chronology of colour changes. Within a defined total running time, specific colours are triggered at specified times. There are different options available to repeat this progression, including infinite loop and “forward and back“. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 287 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Sequence A sequence refers to a progression of successive light scenes. The definition of a sequence requires both individual scenes and infor- mation on their transition. A sequence can automatically be repeated once completed or, alternatively, end. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 288 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Timer A timer allows light scenes to be recalled at predefined times. Time and calendar functions provide great flexibility for the automa- tion of scenographic lighting. Specified start and end times, for example, set the lighting to specific shop-opening times or licensing hours. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 289 E Guide Lighting control | Controlling the light | Functions Sensor Sensors monitor properties such as brightness or motion and allow an automatic adjust- ment of the lighting to changing ambient conditions. A brightness sensor can be used for daylight- dependent lighting control. Motion sensors register move- ment in the room and control the light depending on activity to reduce power consumption. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 290 E Guide Lighting control Control systems Building Management System BACnet Lighting controls Module Lighting controls Module LON KNX DALI Ethernet DMX Luminaires Buildings increasingly use automatic control systems. The lighting is only one component, operation of solar screen equip- ment, air-conditioning and secu- rity systems are others. Special lighting control systems have Lighting control General control Programming the the advantage that they can be systems systems lighting designed to suit the requirements of a lighting design and are less complex than more extensive building control systems. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 291 E Guide Lighting control | Control systems Lighting control systems Complexity EIB, LON DALI, DMX 1-10V Price Lighting control systems Switch Luminaire 1 Switch Luminaire 1 Switch Luminaire 1 Relay contact Relay contact Relay contact Circuit Circuit Circuit Lighting control systems switch Neutral conductor Neutral conductor Neutral conductor Transformer, ECG DMX ECG, DMX line 1 DALI Line 1V-10 V Dimmer Dimmer, 2 Actuator and dim luminaires, set up light scenes and manage them in space Potentiometer or extern control system DMX Console and time. The decision to select Other luminaires Other luminaires DALI Controller Other luminaires 1 a specific system depends on the 2 Terminator size of the lighting system, the requirements in regard to con- 1V-10V DMX DALI trollability, user-friendliness and economic considerations. Digital systems that allow lumi- naires to be addressed individu- ally provide great flexibility. Their user-friendly features include easy programming and operation along with a simple installation process. Lighting control systems can be integrated as a subsystem into a building management system. Edition: 03/01/2010 | Updated version at www.erco.com 292 E Guide Lighting control | Control systems | Lighting control systems 1V-10V lamp failure, etc., is not possible Switch Luminaire 1 Electronic Control Gear (ECG) is with the 1V-10V technology. Relay contact controlled by analogue 1V-10V Circuit signals. This technology is widely Neutral conductor ECG used in low-complexity lighting 1V-10 V systems. The dimmer setting is transmitted via a separate control line. The control gear regulates the output of light from the luminaire. Since this type of ECG Potentiometer cannot be addressed, the control or extern circuit for the control line must control system be carefully planned, because its Other luminaires allocation cannot be changed. The grouping of the luminaires is determined by the circuits in the electrical installation. Any change of use requires a new arrangement of the connection and control lines. Feedback on DMX provide feedback on aspects such Switch Luminaire 1 The DMX (Digital Multiplexed) as lamp failure. The DMX 512-A Relay contact digital control protocol is pre- version now allows for bidirec- Circuit dominantly used for stage light- tional communication. Neutral conductor DMX ing. In architectural lighting, this DMX line 1 Dimmer protocol is used for features such 2 as media facades or stage-like room lighting effects. The data is transmitted via a dedicated 5-core cable at a transfer rate of 250 Kbits/s which can control up to 512 channels. Each luminaire DMX Console must have a bus address. When Other luminaires