KLE LAW ACADEMY BELAGAVI (Constituent Colleges: KLE Society’s Law College, Bengaluru, Gurusiddappa Kotambri Law College, Hubballi, S.A. Manvi Law College, Gadag, KLE Society’s B.V. Bellad Law College, Belagavi, KLE Law College, Chikodi, and KLE College of Law, Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai) STUDY MATERIAL for POLITICAL SCIENCE VI: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND ORGANISATION Prepared as per the syllabus prescribed by Karnataka State Law University (KSLU), Hubballi Compiled by Dr. Chaitraprasad M.D., Asst. Prof. K.L.E. Society's Law College, Bengaluru This study material is intended to be used as supplementary material to the online classes and recorded video lectures. It is prepared for the sole purpose of guiding the students in preparation for their examinations. Utmost care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the content. However, it is stressed that this material is not meant to be used as a replacement for textbooks or commentaries on the subject. This is a compilation and the authors take no credit for the originality of the content. Acknowledgement, wherever due, has been provided. Study Material :2nd BALLB, Political Science-VI-International Relations& Organisations SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE-VI MAJOR-06-INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS COURSE OBJECTIVES: To bring Comprehensive knowledge on international Relations in the Students. The Course Carries exclusive knowledge in Nationalism and Internationalism, which will help the Students to understand the National and Global Challenges with international political and Economic Order. Also, they will be Learning the essentials of foreign policy with subsequent ideas on war and diplomacy in the ambit of several multilateral institutions. In addition to this, they will also study the principles of conflict resolution and the role of international organization in the contemporary world order. SYLLABUS Unit-I I. Nationality Meaning, Definition, Elements Meaning, Principles, Merits, Dangers of over nationalism II. Nationalism Reasons for Development and Growth, Importance and Relevance Today, Nationalism Vs Internationalism III. Internationalism Relationship Between; International Relations-International Politics. Unit-II Meaning and Importance, Elements of National Power I. National Power Tangible and Intangible Elements, Limitations of National Power. II. National Interest Meaning and Importance, Limitations of National Interest III. Foreign Policy Meaning and Scope, Determinants and Instruments IV. Non-Alignment Importance and Factors, NAM- Basis and Achievements 2 Study Material :2nd BALLB, Political Science-VI-International Relations& Organisations Unit-III Meaning, Causes, Kinds, Effects and Cures, COLD War I. War Effects of cold war, Wars then and now. Meaning and Brief History, Importance, Kinds and Functions II. Diplomacy Privileges and Immunities III. International Law Meaning, Definition; Importance, Kinds; Sources; Codification, Enforceability & Limitations. IV. Economic Reasons; Globalization & its Influence, International trade & Interdependence Commerce Unit-IV I. Collective Security Meaning, Features; implications & limitations. II. Meaning, Principles, observations; Methods/instruments Balance of Power III. Alliances Need for Alliances, Types & working, NATO & SEATO IV. Disarmament Meaning, Need & importance, Kinds; Attempts & Limitations Unit-V I. Propaganda, Terrorism, Subversion Meaning, Nature and Causes, Methods & Dangers II. Pacific Settlement of Need For PSD, Significance Today, Features & Methods Disputes Working & Limitations League of Nations; History, Causes for Failure, U.N.O III. International Formation; Preamble & Aims, Organs; Organization Organizations &Working, Achievements & Failures, Specialized Agencies WHO, ILO, World Bank (IBRD), UNESCO & UNICEF, UDHR IV. Regional Causes for Growth; Aims & Goals Organizations EC & SAARC 3 Study Material :2nd BALLB, Political Science-VI-International Relations& Organisations UNIT NO CONTENT PAGE NO Nationality 6-10 Unit-I Nationalism 11-19 Internationalism 19-25 National Power 26-34 National Interest 34-37 Unit-II Foreign Policy 38-49 Non-Alignment 49-58 War 59-70 Diplomacy 70-82 Unit-III International Law 83-91 Economic Interdependence 92-101 Collective Security 102-113 Balance of Power 114-121 Unit-IV Alliances 122-127 Disarmament 128-137 Propaganda, Terrorism, Subversion 138-148 Pacific Settlement of Disputes 148-153 Unit-V International Organizations 154-161 Regional Organizations 162-197 4 Study Material :2nd BALLB, Political Science-VI-International Relations& Organisations UNIT- I 1.1 NATIONALITY SYNOPSIS ➢ Introduction ➢ Definitions ➢ Nationality Versus Citizenship ➢ Nationality Versus National Identity ➢ Nationality and Nationalism ➢ Dimensions of Nationality • Ancient Understanding of Nationality • Modern Understanding of Nationality ➢ Elements of Nationality ➢ Concluding Remarks 1.1 NATIONALITY INTRODUCTION Nationality is a legal relationship between an individual person and a state. Nationality is a legal relationship between on individual person and a state. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person and affords the person the protection of the state. Nationality is the state of belonging to a particular country or nation. The term “Nationality” is derived from the Latin word “natus” meaning (to be born), belonging to some racial stock or being related by birth or having blood relationship. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person and affords the person the protection of the state. What these rights and duties are varies from state to state. This relationship generally enables intervention by a State to provide help and protection to its nationals when they are harmed by other States. By custom and international conventions, it is the right of each state to determine who its nationals are. Such determinations are part of 5 Study Material :2nd BALLB, Political Science-VI-International Relations& Organisations nationality law. In some cases, determinations of nationality are also governed by public international law for example, by treaties on statelessness and the European Convention on Nationality. Nationality differs technically and legally from citizenship, which is a different legal relationship between a person and a country. The noun national can include both citizens and non-citizens. The most common distinguishing feature of citizenship is that citizens have the right to participate in the political life of the state, such as by voting or standing for election. However, in most modern countries all nationals are citizens of the state, and full citizens are always nationals of the state. DEFINITIIONS ❖ Cambridge Dictionary, “Nationality means a group of people of some race, religion, traditions etc. ❖ Merriam Webstrer, “Nationality means a people having a common origin, tradition and language and capable of forming or actually constituting a nation state.” ❖ James A.H.Murray’s says that, “Nationality is an extensive aggregate of persons, so closely associated with each other by common descent, language or history as to form a distinct race or people, usually organized as a separate political state and occupying a definite territory.” ❖ Greenfeld, “Nationality is the synonym of a people, a polity or even a territory”. This is a non-ethnic use of nationality’. ❖ Samuel Johnson - “Nationality is people distinguished from another people, generally by their language…. Or government”. NATIONALITY VERSUS CITIZENSHIP Conceptually, citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the state and nationality is a matter of international dealings. In the modern era, the concept of full citizenship encompasses not only active political rights, but full civil rights and social rights. Nationality is a necessary but not sufficient condition to exercise full political rights within a state or other polity. Nationality is required for full citizenship, and some people have no nationality in international law. A person who is denied full citizenship or nationality is commonly called a stateless person. Historically, the most significant difference between a national and a citizen is that the citizen has the right to vote for elected officials, and to be elected. This distinction between full citizenship and other, lesser relationships goes back to antiquity. Until the 19th and 20th 6 Study Material :2nd BALLB, Political Science-VI-International Relations& Organisations centuries, it was typical for only a small percentage of people who belonged to a city or state to be full citizens. In the past, most people were excluded from citizenship on the basis of sex, socioeconomic class, ethnicity, religion, and other factors. However, they held a legal relationship with their government akin to the modern concept of nationality. NATIONALITY VERSUS NATIONAL IDENTITY National identity is a person's subjective sense of belonging to one state or to one nation. A person may be a national of a state, in the sense of being its citizen, without subjectively or emotionally feeling a part of that state, for example many migrants in Europe often identify with their ancestral and/or religious background rather than with the state of which they are citizens. Conversely, a person may feel that he belongs to one state without having any legal relationship to it. For example, children who were brought to the U.S. illegally when quite young and grow up there with little contact with their native country and its culture often have a national identity of feeling American, despite