Appendix 1 Zoological checklists and catalogues In addition to the few broad scope works mentioned in the text, I list here a representative sample of zoological works offering worldwide coverage of major groups. The reader will easily appreciate the major gaps waiting to be filled. I shall begin with insects, that major heap of biological diversity. For the largest insect groups, several multi-authored catalogues have been available for some time. There is a huge and formally complete Coleopterorum Catalogus, but most issues are now quite old and revised editions exist only for a few families or subfamilies. Matters are worse with works dealing with butterfiies, moths and hymenoptera (Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Hymenopterorum Catalog us, two projects stopped short at the beginning). However, a new edition of the Hymenopterorum Catalogus was started in 1969 by van der Vecht and Ferriere, as has a companion work on Lepidoptera. Much more advanced, though still incomplete, is Orthopterorum Catalogus (Beier, 1962). For the Hemiptera, there is Metcalf et al.'s (1927-1968) work. Again, this work does not cover all groups and is out of date. A supplement on the Cicadoidea has been published by Duffels and van der Laan (1985). Diptera have never been covered worldwide within a single major work but the order is comprehensively dealt with in six excellent catalogues, respectively devoted to the Palaearctic (S06s and Papp, 1984), Nearctic (Stone et al., 1965), Afrotropical (Crosskey et al., 1980), Neotropical (Papavero, 1967), Oriental (Delfinado and Hardy, 1973-1977) and Australasian and Oceanian species (Evenhuis, 1989). For several smaller insect orders there are relatively recent catalogues or checklists, such as Salmon (1964-1965) on Collembola, Davies and Tobin (1984-1985) on Odonata, Illies (1966) and Zwick (1973) on Plecoptera, Sakai (1970-1988) and Steinmann (1989) on Dermaptera, Smithers (1967) on Psocoptera, Hopkins and Clay (1952) on Mallophaga, lacot-Guillarmod (1970-1979) on Thysanoptera, Fischer (1960-1973) on Trichoptera. Relatively recent monographs also cover several large insect families. Within Hemiptera, for instance, Slater (1964) for Lygaeidae, Carvalho (1957-1960) for Miridae, Drake and Ruhoff (1965) for Tingidae, Kormilev and Froeschner (1987) for Aradidae; within Homoptera, Mound and Halsey (1978) for Aleyrodidae and Eastop and Lambers (1976) for aphids; within Coleoptera, Udayagiri and Wadhii 216 Appendix 1 (1989) for Bruchidae, Mazur (1984) for Histeridae, Didier and Seguy (1953) for Lucanidae; within Diptera, Hull (1962) for Asilidae, Hull (1973) for Bombylidae; within Hymenoptera, Olmi (1984) for Dryinidae, Gordh and Moczar (1990) for Bethylidae, Townes (1969-1971) for Ichneumonidae, Townes and Townes (1981) and Johnson (1992) for Proctotrupoidea, Bohart and Menke (1976) for Sphecidae, Kimsey and Bohart (1990) for Chrysididae and Boucek (1974) for Leucospidae. For groups lacking more detailed treatments, simple checklists of genera are available, such as Blackwelder (1952) on staphylinid beetles, or Seeno and Wilcox (1982) on Chrysomelidae s.l. For arthropods other than insects, spiders are adequately covered by Roewer's (1942, 1954) catalogue, if used in conjunction with Brignoli's (1983) and Platnick's (1989) excellent supplements. However, there are no supplements to Roewer's (1923, 1934) monographs on harvestmen and solifuges, whereas Beier's (1932a,b) volumes on pseudoscorpions have been aptly supplemented by Harvey's (1990) catalogue. A new comprehensive Crustaceorum Catalogus has recently been started by Gruner and Holthuis, whereas family and genus level taxa of millipedes (Diplopoda) have been listed by Jeekel (1971) and Hoffman (1979). For other invertebrate groups, things are not much better. A few recent world­ wide monographs, however, deserve mention: Schmidt (1986) on cestodes; Siddiqi (1986) on tylenchid nematodes; Stephen and Edmonds (1972) on echiurids and sipunculans; Fauchald (1977) and Hartmann (1959-1965) on polychaetes; Reynolds and Cook (1976, 1981), Brinkhurst and Jamieson (1971) and Brinkhurst and Wetzel (1984) on oligochaetes, Sawyer (1986) on leeches, Ramazzotti and Maucci (1983) on tardigrades, and others. The literature on Mollusca is quite extensive. I only cite a recent list of world genera (Cunningham Vaught, 1989); at the species level, however, the lists available cover selected molluscan taxa only. As for vertebrates, comprehensive and updated checklists of species are available for amphibians (Frost, 1985), birds (Howard and Moore, 1980; and others) and mammals (Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl, 1982; Corbet and Hill, 1986). As for fishes, a most scholarly reference is Eschmeyer's (1990) generic catalogue. For several groups, such as sharks and several families of bony fishes of major economic interest, FAO publishes a series of illustrated catalogues. For many animal groups, however, world checklists are now in preparation. I am aware, for instance, of new projects on snakes, amphipods, neuropterans, scolytid beetles and others. Appendices 2-23 Appendices 2-23 include excerpts from major systematic works of the last few years. This choice of schemes is not offered as the draft of a possible system of living organisms. Instead, it may provide the reader with a first general reference to the current understanding of relationships within groups with which he or she is less familiar. Moreover, it exemplifies several contrasting attitudes and procedures widely occurring in the systematic literature: for instance, the use of non­ conventional ranks in a Linnaean hierarchy (Appendix 21), or the refusal to adopt a Linnaean hierarchy altogether (Appendices 6, 17, 20); or the adoption of Nelson's sequential ranking procedure (Appendix 17, 20) and the use of Patterson and Rosen's (1977) 'plesion' convention (Appendix 18). The taxa marked t are extinct. Appendix 2 MOHN'S (1984) GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS Superkingdom Prokaryonta Suprakingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Archaebacteriobionta Infrakingdom Methanobacteriobionta Phylum Methanococcacea Phylum Methanospirillacea Phylum Methanosarcinacea Phylum Methanobacteriacea Infrakingdom Halobacteriobionta Phylum Halobacteriacea Phylum Halococcacea Infrakingdom Caldariabionta Phylum Sulfolobacea Phylum Thermoplasmatacea Suprakingdom Neobacteria Kingdom Bacteriobionta Infrakingdom Eubacteria Superphylum Grambacteria Phylum Streptococcacea Phylum Clostridiacea Phylum Bacillacea Phylum Mycoplasmatacea Phylum Chlamydiacea Phylum Micrococcacea Phylum Actinomycetacea Superphylum Agrambacteria Phylum Desulfovibrionacea Phylum Rhodobacteriacea Phylum Thiobacillacea Phylum Azotobacteriacea Phylum Pseudomonadacea Phylum Photobacteriacea Phylum Enterobacteriacea Infrakingdom Spirochaetae Phylum Spirochaetacea Infrakingdom Myxobacteria Kingdom Cyanobionta Phylum Cyanophyta Phylum Prochlorophyta Superkingdom Eukaryonta Mohn's general classification of living organisms 219 Suprakingdom Aconta Kingdom Rhodocyanobionta Phylum Cyanidiophyta Kingdom Erythrobionta Phylum Rhodophyta Suprakingdom Contophora Kingdom Chlorobionta Phylum Prasinophyta Phylum Charophyta Phylum Ulvaphyta Phylum Chlorophyta Kingdom FJagelloopalinida Phylum Protomonada Phylum Opalinidea Kingdom Euglenophytobionta Phylum Euglenophyta Kingdom Eumycota Phylum Opisthomastigomycota Phylum Amastigomycota Kingdom Dinophytobionta Infrakingdom Dinophytea Phylum Dinophyta Phylum Granuloreticulosa Phylum Acanthiolaria Phylum Polannulifera Infrakingdom Ciliata Phylum Ciliophora Kingdom Cryptophytobionta Phylum Cryptophyta Kingdom Colponemata Phylum Colponemaria Kingdom Chloromonadophytobionta Phylum Chloromonadophyta Kingdom Chromophytobionta Infrakingdom Chromobionta Phylum Xanthophyta Phylum Pantonemomycota Phylum Proteomyxidea Phylum Labyrinthomorpha Phylum Chrysophyta Phylum Hydraulea Phylum Trichomycetea Phylum Mycetozoidea Phylum Pedinellaphyta Phylum Bacillariophyta Phylum Phaeophyta Infrakingdom Eustigmatobionta Phylum Eustigmatophyta Infrakingdom Choanobionta Phylum Craspedophyta Infrakingdom Haptophytobionta Phylum Haptophyta Suprakingdom Cormobionta Suprakingdom Animalia (Metazoa) 220 Appendix 2 I have translated in the following way Mohn's Gennan names for the individual hierarchical ranks: Superkingdom for Uberreich, Suprakingdom for Oberreich, Kingdom for Reich, Infrakingdom for Unterreich, Superphylum for Uberstamm, Phylum for Stamm. Bacteriobionta (without Cyanobionta), Chlorobionta (without Connobionta) and Chromophytobionta (without Animalia) are paraphyletic (Mohn, 1984, p.79). Appendix 3 'PROVISIONAL CLASSIFICATION' OF THE PROTISTA, ACCORDING TO CORLISS (1984, 1986A,B, 1987) Rhizopods Bicosoecidea, incertae sedis Karyoblastea Heterochloridea, incertae sedis Amoebozoa Rhaphidophyceae, incertae sedis Acrasia Labyrinthomorphs Eumycetozoa Labyrinthulea Plasmodiophorea Thraustochytriacea Granuloreticulosa Polymastigotes Xenophyophora, incertae sedis Metamonadea Mastigomycetes Parabasalia Hyphochytridiomycota Paraflagellates Oomycota Opalinata Chytridiomycota, incertae sedis Actinopods Chlorobionts Heliozoa Chlorophyta Taxopoda Prasinophyta Acantharia Conjugatophyta Polycystina Charophyta Phaeodaria Glaucophyta, incertae sedis Dinoflagellates Chlorarachniophytes Peridinea Chlorarachniophyta Syndinea Euglenozoa Ebriidea, incertae sedis Euglenophyta Ellobiophyceae, incertae sedis Kinetoplastidea Acritarcha, incertae sedis Pseudociliata, incertae sedis Ciliates Rhodophytes Ciliophora Rhodophyta Sporozoa Cryptomonads Sporozoa Cryptophyta Perkinsida, incertae sedis Choanofiagellates