Proceedings National Workshop on Promoting Climate Smart Agriculture in Myanmar Yezin Agricultural University Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Yezin Agricultural University Nay Pyi Taw, 2020 Required citation: FAO and YAU 2020. Proceedings: National Workshop on Promoting Climate Smart Agriculture in Myanmar. Nay Pyi Taw. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. 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Cover photograph: ©FAO/YAU CONTENTS Background ......................................................................................................................... 1 Opening session .................................................................................................................. 3 Opening speech by U Aye Maung Sein, Nay Pyi Taw council member ..................................................... 3 Opening remark by Mr Xavier Bouan, Senior Technical Adviser, FAO ..................................................... 5 Words of acknowledgement and objectives of the workshop by Dr. Nang Hseng Hom, Rector, Yezin Agricultural University ..................................................................................................................... 7 Session 1. Concept of climate change and CSA (Chair-person - Dr Myint Thaung) .................. 8 Sustainable cropland and forest management in priority agro-ecosystems: Promoting climate-smart agriculture in Myanmar .................................................................................................... 8 Farmers’ practices and understanding of climate-smart agriculture in the Pyin Oo Lwin district of Myanmar ................................................................................................................................. 20 Methane emission from different rice paddy fields as affected by water management ........................ 26 Evaluation of different rates of organic manure and water management practices on Methane emission from rice production ................................................................................................ 36 Session 2. Resistance to climatic stress (Chair-person – Mr Xavier Bouan, FAO) ................... 56 Effect of cutting position in cut stem transplant method, climate resilient practices implemented in Deepwater area in Bago region ................................................................................... 56 Screening MAGIC Indica population for their cold stress tolerance at the seedling stage .................... 69 Root characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) associated with tolerance to complete flooding in greenhouse condition .......................................................................................................... 81 Impact assessment on agricultural production and coping strategies to flood in Kambalu township, Sagaing region ......................................................................................................... 98 Influence of temperature and relative humidity on pollen germination and spikelet sterility in improved rice varieties ......................................................................................................... 109 Session 3. Forestry/agroforestry and disease, pest and nutrient management (Chair-person – U Ngwe Thee) ..................................................................................... 121 Review methodology of Myanmar initial FRL submitted to UNFCCC ................................................... 121 The potential of agroforestry as a climate-smart agricultural practice for enhancing Local livelihood opportunities in central dry zone, Myanmar: A case study in Pakokku district .................................................................................................................................... 131 Distribution, habitat association and species composition of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in Myanmar ................................................................................................ 144 Comparison of forage crop performance in three selective grass cultivars.......................................... 156 Assessment of farmers attitude on the use of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers or cotton production in dry zone .......................................................................................................... 165 Identification for sources of resistance against major diseases of Mungbean Germplasm under natural field condition ................................................................................................................ 178 Photos ............................................................................................................................ 190 Annex 1 .......................................................................................................................... 195 Background Myanmar is highly vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather conditions. According to the global climate risk index, Myanmar ranks among the top three countries most affected by weather related events, which has led to massive displacement of people and the destruction of livelihoods, crops and other food sources. In the recent years, the change in the climate has been impacting agri- cultural production negatively, which potentially can lead to food insecurity. In order to build the capacity of farming and forestry stakeholders at various levels to mitigate cli- mate change and improve land conditions, a project entitled “Sustainable cropland and forest man- agement in priority agro-ecosystems of Myanmar” was commenced by Food and Agriculture Organ- ization of the United Nations in Myanmar (FAO) in July 2016. The five-year project (2016–2021) is funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and being jointly coordinated and implemented by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MoNREC) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MoALI), and FAO. The project is supporting the adoption of policies and practices for sustainable land management (SLM), climate-smart agriculture (CSA), and sustainable forest management (SFM). In order to coordinate development, packaging and promotion of best practices for CSA systems and to conduct advocacy activities related to CSA/SLM, the project has supported establishment of a National CSA at Yezin Agricultural University. The National CSA Center was jointly opened by His Excellency Dr Aung Thu, The Union Minister for Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation and my- self as a FAO Representative