STUDENT’S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GREAT AMERICAN WRITERS Volume I: Beginnings to 1830 STUDENT’S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GREAT AMERICAN WRITERS Volume I: Beginnings to 1830 ANDREA TINNEMEYER PATRICIA M. GANTT , GENERAL EDITOR Student’s Encyclopedia of Great American Writers, Beginnings to 1830 Copyright © 2010 by Andrea Tinnemeyer All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Student’s encyclopedia of great American writers / Patricia Gantt, general editor. v. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: [1] Beginnings to 1830 / Andrea Tinnemeyer — [2] 1830 to 1900 / Paul Crumbley — [3] 1900 to 1945 / Robert C. Evans — [4] 1945 to 1970 / Blake Hobby — [5] 1970 to the present / Patricia Gantt. ISBN 978-0-8160-6087-0 (hardcover: acid-free paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-3125-2 (e-book) 1. Authors, American—Biography—Encyclopedias, Juvenile. 2. American literature—Encyclopedias, Juvenile. I. Tinnemeyer, Andrea. II. Gantt, Patricia M., 1943– PS129.S83 2009 810.9’0003—dc22 [B] 2009030783 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http:// www.factsonfile.com Text design by Annie O’Donnell Composition by Mary Susan Ryan-Flynn Cover printed by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Mich. Book printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Mich. Date printed: June 2010 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Acknowledgments vi Washington Irving 203 List of Writers and Works Included vii Thomas Jefferson 214 Series Preface xi Cotton Mather 235 Volume Introduction xii Thomas Morton 250 Judith Sargent Murray 259 John Adams and Abigail Adams 1 Samson Occom 269 William Bradford 12 Thomas Paine 278 Anne Bradstreet 21 Mary White Rowlandson 291 Charles Brockden Brown 43 Susanna Haswell Rowson 297 William Cullen Bryant 51 Catharine Maria Sedgwick 305 Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca 62 John Smith 314 Samuel de Champlain 71 Edward Taylor 330 Christopher Columbus 80 Phillis Wheatley 348 James Fenimore Cooper 96 John Winthrop 363 J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur 107 Jonathan Edwards 115 Appendix I: List of Writers Included Olaudah Equiano 134 in All Volumes of the Student’s Hannah Webster Foster 145 Encyclopedia of Great American Writers 375 Benjamin Franklin 155 Appendix II: Chronological List of Philip Morin Freneau 174 Writers Included in All Volumes of Jupiter Hammon 189 the Student’s Encyclopedia of Great Handsome Lake 199 American Writers, by Birth Date 378 Acknowledgments would like to express my gratitude to Jeff Soloway Last, I want to dedicate this book to my family, Iat Facts On File for his patience, guidance, and especially Eddie, Riley, and Magnolia, and to the thoughtfulness. I would also like to thank Pat Gantt doctors who saved Riley’s life this past year: Dr. for believing in my abilities to steer the ship of this Penny Harris, Dr. Barbara Botelho, and Dr. Peter volume through its journey. My colleagues at The Chira. My most profound thanks for returning our College Preparatory School have been invaluable young boy to us. sources of knowledge, laughter, and wisdom. vi List of Writers and Works Included John Adams (1735–1826) and “Before the Birth of One of Her Children” (1678) Abigail Adams (1744–1818) 1 “To My Dear and Loving Husband” (1678) Correspondence of John and “A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Abigail Adams Public Employment” (1678) Autobiography of John Adams (1807) “In Memory of My Dear Grandchild, Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased William Bradford (1590–1657) 12 August, 1665, Being a Year and a Half Old” and “In Memory of My Dear Of Plymouth Plantation (1630, Grandchild Anne Bradstreet, Who 1644–1650) Deceased June 20, 1669, Being Three Years and Seven Months Old” (1678) Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672) 21 “To My Dear Children” (1867) “In Honour of that High and Mighty “For Deliverance from a Fever” (1867) Princess, Queen Elizabeth of Happy Memory” (1643) Charles Brockden Brown “A Dialogue between Old England and (1771–1810) 43 New” (1643) Wieland (1798) “The Prologue” (1650) Edgar Huntly (1799) “To the Memory of My Dear and Ever Arthur Mervyn; or, Memoirs of the Year Honored Father” (1653) 1793 (1798–1800) “In Reference to Her Children, 23 June, “Somnambulism, a Fragment” (1805) 1659” (1659) “Here Follows Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, William Cullen Bryant 1666” (1666) (1794–1878) 51 “On My Dear Grandchild Simon “Thanatopsis” (1814, 1817, 1821) Bradstreet, Who Died on 16 November, “The Yellow Violet” (1814, 1821) 1669, Being But a Month, and One “To a Waterfowl” (1815, 1818, 1821) Day Old” (1669) “To Cole, the Painter, Departing for “As Weary Pilgrim” (1669) Europe” (1829) “The Author to Her Book” (1678) “The Prairies” (1832, 1833) “To Her Father with Some Verses” (1678) “To the Fringed Gentian” (1847) “The Flesh and the Spirit” (1678) “Abraham Lincoln” (1865) vii viii Student’s Encyclopedia of Great American Writers Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Olaudah Equiano (1745–1797) 134 (1490–1556) 62 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of “The Account: Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, Vaca’s Relacíon” (1542) the African, Written by Himself (1789) Samuel de Champlain (1570–1635) 71 Hannah Webster Foster (1758–1840) 145 The Coquette; or, the History of Eliza The Voyages of Samuel de Champlain Wharton (1797) (1604–1635) The Boarding School: Or, Lessons of a Preceptress to Her Pupils (1798) Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) 80 Journal of the First Voyage to America (1492) Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) 155 Letter to Luis de Santángel (1493) Poor Richard’s Almanac (1732–1757) Narrative of the Third Voyage (1498) “The Way to Wealth” (1757) Letter to Ferdinand and Isabel (1503) “An Edict by the King of Prussia” (1773) “Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851) 96 Reduced to a Small One” (1773) “The Ephemera, an Emblem of Human The Pioneers (1823) Life” (1778) The Pilot (1824) “Information to Those Who Would The Last of the Mohicans (1826) Remove to America” (1782) The Deerslayer (1841) “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America” (1784) J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur “Speech in the Convention” (1787) (1735–1813) 107 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1788, 1791) Letters from an American Farmer (1782) Philip Morin Freneau (1752–1832) 174 Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) 115 “The Power of Fancy” (1770) “A Divine and Supernatural Light” (1734) “A Political Litany” (1775) “The Images of Divine Things” (1737–1741) “The House of Night” (1779) A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising “On the Emigration to America and Work of God in the Conversions of Many Peopling the Western Country” (1785) Hundred Souls (1737) “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786) “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (1741) “The Indian Burying Ground” (1787) A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections (1746) “Part 2: The News” (1790) The Freedom of the Will (1754) “On Mr. Paine’s Rights of Man” (1791) The Great Christian Doctrine of Original “To Sir Toby” (1792) Sin Defended (1758) “On the Religion of Nature” (1795) List of Writers and Works Included ix “On the Causes of Political Degeneracy” (1798) the Instruction of Negro-Servants in “On the Universality and Other Attributes Christianity (1706) of the God of Nature” (1815) Bonifacius: An Essay to Do Good (1710) “On Observing a Large Red-Streak The Christian Philosopher (1720) Apple” (1822) Manductio ad Ministerium (1726) “To a New England Poet” (1823) Thomas Morton (1579–1647) 250 Jupiter Hammon (1711–1806) 189 New English Canaan (1637) “An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ, with Penitential Cries” (1760) Judith Sargent Murray “An Address to Miss Phillis Wheatley, (1751–1820) 259 Ethiopian Poetess, in Boston, Who “Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility Came from Africa at Eight Years of of Encouraging a Degree of Self- Age, and Soon Became Acquainted Complacency, Especially in Female with the Gospel of Jesus Christ” (1778) Bosoms” (1784) “An Address to the Negroes in the State of New York” (1786) “On the Equality of the Sexes” (1790) “Sketch of the Present Situation of America, 1794” (1794) Handsome Lake (1735–1815) 199 The Medium, or Virtue Triumphant (1795) “How America Was Discovered” (1799) The Traveller Returned (1796) The Story of Margaretta (1798) Washington Irving (1783–1859) 203 “Observations on Female Abilities” (1798) “Rip Van Winkle” (1819) “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” (1820) Samson Occom (1723–1792) 269 “A Short Narrative of My Life” (1768) Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) 214 “A Sermon Preached by Samson Occom, Declaration of Independence (1776) Minister of the Gospel, and Missionary Notes on the State of Virginia (1785) of the Indians; at the Execution of Letter to Peter Carr (1787) Moses Paul an Indian” (1772) Letter to Handsome Lake (1802) Letter to Benjamin Hawkins (1803) Thomas Paine (1737–1809) 278 Letter to Nathaniel Burwell (1818) Common Sense (1776) Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson (1821) The American Crisis (1776–1783) The Age of Reason (1794) Cotton Mather (1663–1728) 235 The Wonders of the Invisible World (1693) Mary White Rowlandson Magnalia Christi Americana (1698) (1637–1711) 291 The Negro Christianized: An Essay to The Soveraignty and Goodness of GOD, Excite and Assist That Good Work, Together with the Faithfulness of His x Student’s Encyclopedia of Great American Writers Promises Displayed; Being a Narrative “Christ’s Reply” (1680) of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs.