T H E E GYP T O F T H E H E B R EW S A N D H E RO D OT OS O BY V T H E R E V A . H Y . ! S A C E P ROF E SSOR OF A SSYR I OLOGY A T OXF OR D S E CON D E D I TION L O N D O N R V T P VA L N G O N E R C I C O. I I , K IN G T D S TRE E T, c o VE N GAR E N 1 8 9 6 A ll r ights r eser ved P R E F A C E A FEW wo rds of preface are needful to j u stify the addi tion of ano th e r c o nt rib uti on to the o v e r - abu ndant mass of lite ratu re of which I is nt nd d u Egypt is the subj ect . t i e e to s ppl e ment the books already i n the h ands of tou ri sts and stu de nts and to u t efo e t em ust , p b r h j th at i nfo rmati on whi c h e ith e r i s no t readily access ibl e or el se fo rms pa rt of l arge r and u s wo ks The a s of H r d cu mbro r . t r v el e o otos i n Egypt are foll owed for the first time i n the t o f ec ent d scove es and the sto o f ligh r i ri , hi ry the i nte rcou rse between the Egyptians and the Jews is brought do wn to the age o f the Roman E e A s the o d na sto es of E mpir . r i ry hi ri gypt used b y t ra v e ll e rs e nd with the e xti nction of the nat e a ao s I ave fu t e en a iv Ph r h , h r h r giv f ma d I a mo sketc h o the P tol e ic pe ri o . h v e re o v e r spec ially note d the resu lts of the r ecent e xcavati ons and di sc o v e ri e s made b y the Egypt ’ viii TIze Egypt of the H ebrews and H erod otos E xpl o ration F u nd and b y Profe sso r Fli nde rs et e at all e e nts w e e t e ea u on the P ri , v h r h y b r p - k T ose wh a subj e ct matte r of the boo . h o h v e not the pu bli cati o ns of the F und or of Pro fessor e t e o r who do not ca e to ca t em P ri , r rry h ' nto E t w I e e e b e ad to a e the i gyp , ill , b li v , gl h v esse nce of th em t h us extracted i n a conveni e nt Last i n the nd c I a ut s a e . e es e h p ly, App i h v p togeth e r i nfo rmation w hi c h the v is ito r to the N ft n w s es to o ta n b u w h can il e o e i h b i , t hich e i n no n of his u d - ooks The A find e g i e b . p pendix on the nomes e mbodies the resu lts of h atest e sea es and the l st w t e e t e l r rch , i ill h r fo re b e found to diffe r h e re and the re from the sts w c ave een u s e d els w e e li hi h h b p bli h e h r . T h ose who desire the ass i stance of maps sh ou ld proc u re the ve ry h andy and c ompl e te A tlas o A nci ent E t u s ed b the f gyp , p bli h y E t E x o at on F u nd I gyp pl r i (pri c e 3 5 . t makes the additio n of maps to this or any futu e wo k o n nc e nt E t su e fluous r r A i gyp p r . Di s cove ri es follow so t hi ckly one upon the oth e r in th ese days of activ e e xpl o ratio n th at P ref aee i x i t is imposs ibl e for an au th o r to keep pace nce m manusc was ad for wi th th e m. S i y ript re y h s N ill o n e a f h E t t e es . av e o t e pr D r , b h lf gyp E x o at o n F und has a t ca ea e d the pl r i , pr c i lly cl r magnifice nt te mpl e of Q ueen H atshepsu at Der - a ari and has d sco e ed eneat it the e l B h , i v r b h u nfi ni sh ed s epu l c h re in whi c h the queen fo ndly h oped t hat her body wo uld b e l aid ; Professo r P e trie has excavated i n the dese rt be hi nd Z awédeh and opp os i te Q oft the tombs of a a ous t es o a of L an o n b rb r rib , pr b bly iby rigi , who settled i n the v all ey of the N ile betwee n the fall of the s i xth and the rise of the e ve nt d nast de o an has di s e l h y y ; M r . M rg i nte rred mo re j ewell e ry of exqu i s ite wo rkm an s hip from the tombs of the pri ncesses o f the twe t d nas t at a s u nd B o tt lf h y y D h h r ; a Dr . i has di scov e red the s ite of the S e rapeu m at exand a t us o ta n n for the st t e a Al ri , h b i i g fir im p oint o f impo rtance for dete rmi n i ng the topo a of the anc e n c t gr phy i t i y . T he peopl e wh ose re mai ns h a v e been found b y Pro fes so r P e tri e bu ri e d t h e ir dead i n ope n The Egypt of we H ebrews a nd H er odotos w t o ut mumm n t em and made grav es i h ifyi g h , use of impl e m e nts and w e apo ns of poli s h ed T e o tte w i s e ue nt s . to ne h ir p ry, hich fr q ly o rna m ente d wi th conc e ntric ri ngs of re d o n a w t s ou nd has een a ead fou nd at hi i h gr , b lr y Kho z am no t of a nak and e sew e e and , r h K r , l h r , the u es of affes ost e s and ot e fig r gir , rich , h r c reatu res sc ratch ed on the sandstone rocks of Silsilis and its ne ighbou rh ood see m to h av e ee n i n eat measu e t e wo k In the b gr r h ir r . midst o f th e ir c e m e te ry are the ru i ns of a l d temple bu ilt b y Thothmes III. to S et the o r ’ of N ub ti the m os n a n o w c , O b e r D e de rah t hi h u n j ve al re fe rs . A s for the j e w e ll e ry dis cove e d i n the s n of t s ea b de r pri g hi y r y M r . o an it i s ev en mo e ma o us M rg , r rv e ll than t h at w he found a e a a o hich y r g . Am ong it are two owns of de ate - wo ked o d o ne of w c cr lic ly r g l , hi h i s o rna m e nte d with s tars o r fo rge t - me -no ts fo rme d o f prec i o us s tone s i nlaid so exqu i si te ly as to ook ke e name w l li l , hile be twe e n the s prays are gold o r nam e nts i n the s h ape of wh at ’ we s ou d a S t.