Cultural Tourism Professional Thematic Guide English Inglés ANDALUSIA CULTURAL TOURISM GUIDE 02.7. Castles and Battlegrounds Route 98 02.8. Medium-sized Cities in Central 100 PAGE 06 /00. HOW TO USE THE GUIDE Andalusia 02.9. Columbus-era Places 102 02.10. The Southern Spanish Renaissance 106 02.11. Lands of José María “El Tempranillo” 110 02.12. In the Footsteps of Lorca 112 PAGE 08 /01. MONUMENTAL LEGACY 02.13. Picassian Málaga 114 02.14. Andalusia, a film destination 118 01.1. World Heritage 10 02.15. Paths of Passion 122 índex01.2. The First Settlers 12 02.15. Flamenco Territory 124 01.3. Phoenicians and Tartessians 18 01.4. Iberian Culture 20 01.5. Roman Baetica 22 01.6. Islam: al-Ándalus 28 01.7. Traces of Al-Andalus 34 /03. 01.8. Border Territory 40 PAGE 130 CULTURAL UNIVERSE 01.9. Conquest of the Americas 46 03.1. Museums and Archaeological Ensembles _ 132 01.10. The Christian Kingdom and the Mudéjars 52 03.2. Cultural Agenda 208 01.11. Renaissance Elements 56 01.12. Andalusian Baroque 60 01.13. Contemporary Andalusia 64 01.14. Regionalism and the Expo ‘29 68 /04. 01.15. Industrial Heritage 72 PAGE 246 FIESTAS Y TRADICIONES 04.1. Flamenco 248 04.2. Horses 256 04.3. Bullfighting Tradition 262 04.4. Land of craftsmen _________________ 268 PAGE 76 /02. ROUTES 04.5. Festive Calendar 280 02.1. Grottos and caves 78 02.2. Megalithic Andalusia 82 02.3. Journey back to the Iberian Era 86 /05. PAGE 296 02.4. Roman Andalusia Route 88 USEFUL INFORMATION 02.5. Jewish Quarters 90 02.6. The Legacy of Al-Andalus 94 4 Cultural Tourism Guide INDEX 5 /00. HOW TO USE THE GUIDE Andalusia has become one of the most complete tourist The guide proposes a tour around destinations in the world, with its extensive and varied cultural BLOCK Andalusia’s main museums and offering being one of its main attractions. In addition to its archaeological ensembles to visitors, monumental heritage, a product of the region’s rich history, which have been included in the guide there is a valuable network of museums, a calendar of events with a short informative overview and and festivals full of unmissable occasions, astounding routes /CULTURAL03 each location’s contact details. Also in and deeply-rooted traditions. The structure of the Guide aims UNIVERSE this section is a space for Andalusia’s to help readers to learn about this extensive artistic and Cultural Agenda, in which the main cultural universe in an ordered way, using chronological festivals and competitions that take history and also making constant use of references between place throughout the year are organised the content of the different thematic sections. by month and location, with an icon indicating the artistic discipline each of them belongs to. BLOCK Through 15 chapters, readers will take a short but detailed chronological tour BLOCK “The guide is divided into five thematic through Andalusia’s history that identifies sections which explore the unique the main milestones, which are closely characteristics and idiosyncrasies of linked to the region’s heritage, and details the region and people of Andalusia. /MONUMENTAL01 the main monuments and archaeological The region’s Festival Agenda provides LEGACY ensembles, including those declared /FESTIVALS04 AND details, by month and town, of the World Heritage sites. Readers will be TRADITIONS festivals declared to be of Tourist Interest pointed towards the page where more (International, National and Regional) and detailed information on the Cultural Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Routes and Museums that appear linked It also includes other important elements to the highlighted proposals can be that define the essence of Andalusia, such found. as Flamenco, the world of Bullfighting, Horses and Crafts.» BLOCK Readers will be brought closer to Andalusia’s vast monumental and cultural BLOCK It also includes a series of lists of useful wealth through 16 tours that run through information, such as the Tourist Offices its towns and cities and which possess of the Regional Government of Andalusia. incredibly varied unifying threads, from /ROUTES02 history and art to the region’s traditions, festivals and legends. Each route will be /USEFUL05 accompanied by an explanatory map. INFORMATION 6 Cultural Tourism Guide /00. HOW TO USE THE GUIDE 7 Andalusia is mo nu men /01 MONUMENTAL LEGACY tal The ancient history of this land, which has been inhabited since Prehistoric times, has left a vast artistic legacy throughout the entire region of Andalusia. Important archaeological sites, outstanding Islamic architecture, Renaissance palaces and Baroque churches, castles and alcázars, stately homes and huge works of industrial architecture make up a heritage of enormous significance. More than 30,000 assets of Andalusian historical heritage are protected, including those declared World Heritage sites and their magnificent Historical Ensembles. This historic, cultural and monumental wealth is incredibly inviting and makes up Andalusia’s identity. 8 Cultural Tourism Guide MONUMENTAL LEGACY Los Vélez region (Almería and Granada), the Sierra Morena mountain range, Quesada and the Sierra de Segura mountain range (Jaén). The latest assets to be added onto the World Heritage list to date are the /01.1 Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda [D] and Baeza, in Jaén (2003). WORLD HERITAGE Various Andalusian proposals are underway which are ready to follow World Heritage is a title awarded by UNESCO to specific sites in the footsteps of those Andalusian assets which have already been on our planet that, either for their cultural value or natural declared World Heritage sites. Sites declared as World Heritage importance, deserve to be recognised, catalogued and taken care hopefuls include the Roman Roads in Spain (2007), the Mining of. Historical Heritage (2007), the Cathedral of Jaén, and the Dolmens of Antequera Archaeological Ensemble [E] in Málaga (2012). The initiative began in 1972 and since then has been supported by 190 countries, including Spain. In 1984 the first two Andalusian assets were added to this [B] [C] exclusive World Heritage list: the Alhambra [A] and El Generalife in Granada and the Mosque of Córdoba. Both were later extended (1994), the former also incorporating the neighbourhood of El Albayzín and the latter earning the Heritage title for the whole of the Historical Centre of Córdoba, including the Mosque-Cathedral [B] and the Jewish Quarter. They would go on to head a long list, which [D] [E] is the best example of Andalusia’s cultural value. [B] [C] In 1987, Sevilla’s Cathedral, Alcázar [C] Archive of the Indies joined the list, testifying to the glorious period in which the Andalusian capital was the centre of the globe. We have to look back to 1994 to find the first natural asset to be considered a World Heritage site in Andalusia: the Doñana National Park, which is located between the provinces of Huelva, Sevilla and Cádiz. It is an exceptional example of expansive Mediterranean wetland, where different ecosystems coexist and Intangible Heritage provide refuge for a diverse range of fauna. Andalusia also features heavily on the list of assets declared Intangible Like other Spanish autonomous communities, Andalusia also boasts Cultural Heritage. As such, Andalusia thrills with Flamenco (2010), rock art which has had World Heritage status since 1998, forming part demonstrates its skills in Falconry (2010) and in the Revitalization of of the Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula the traditional craftsmanship of lime-making in Morón de la Fron- cultural asset. This art can be found in the most easterly provinces tera, enjoys the Courtyards Festival in Córdoba (2012) and benefits of the region, Jaén, Granada and Almería, where four focal points from the healthy Mediterranean Diet (2010). can be distinguished. Grouped geographically, these consist of the 10 Cultural Tourism Guide /01. MONUMENTAL LEGACY | WORLD HERITAGE 11 la Pileta (Benaoján), with its significant selection of rock paintings that include Orce Man goats, horses, cervids and an enormous /01.2 Hominids settled fish as well as mysterious signs, and the THE FIRST SETTLERS Cueva de Ardales, which preserves more in Andalusia one than 50 animal figures, most of which are million years ago, engraved with flint burins or chisels. as testified by The wealth of archaeological sites in Andalusia testifies to the bone fragments importance held by this Southern European region from the most discovered in Orce, The Neolithic era arrived in Andalusia ancient times, being a land sought after by different cultures Granada, with homo around 5000 BC with the appearance of lured by its fishing, mineral and trade resources, as well as its sapiens arriving populations who had travelled from the favourable climate. around 25,000 eastern Mediterranean. Thus, the south- BC, the period There has been a proven human presence in eastern part of the Peninsula (now Almería) rock paintings in Andalusia since the Paleolithic era, a period was one of the first areas to be occupied Andalusian caves characterised by a population of nomads, by these largely agricultural and livestock- date back to. hunters and gatherers who settled along the breeding populations who brought with Andalusian coast, from Gibraltar to Almería. them polished stone and ceramics. The first The intensification of cold weather, due to villages appeared in the Neolithic era (which the ice age, forced these first settlers to take coexisted with caves as habitats) as well as new spaces set aside to refuge in caves and caverns [A] [See Grottos become tombs. and Caves Route - PAGE 78]. Here, they would develop a primitive and genuine artistic [B] manifestation that has lasted until today with rich and varied remnants: rock art. Located in the Los Vélez region in Almería is the Cueva de Ambrosio, with its spectacular red ochre horse, as well as the Cueva de los Letreros, with rock paintings of animal and human forms (including the Indalo motif, a symbol of the province).