COPENHAGEN - pilot form 1 Copenhagen Overview1 Socio-economic and land use data Type of pilot case Municipality Number of inhabitants 601,448 (2016) Total area 88,6 km² 72,7 km² Total urban area 82 % of total land area 15,9 km² Total nature & open space area 18 % of total land area 31,7 km² Total coastal area 36 % of total land area Tourism 2-3 days Average length of stay (1.9 days in average in 2014) Number of tourist accommodation establishments 103 (2015) Total number of tourist arrivals 5.525.594 (2016) UK, Sweden, India, Norway, the USA, More frequent countries of origin of the tourists Germany, Italy the Netherlands, France and China 1 Sources: URBAN-WASTE deliverables: D2.5, D2.7; data provided by the pilot case. COPENHAGEN - pilot form 2 ● The high season peak for tourism in Copenhagen is in July. ● Most of the tourists are staying in hotels, many of them being eco-labelled. ● Several eco-labelled hotels in the city (~50 out of 85 hotels in total) ● 15 camping sites in the region Type of tourism and activities Copenhagen as the capital of Denmark is an important historical, economic and political city. Its tourist attractiveness is based on diversified points of interest: A vast heritage of castles, gardens and museums. Many of which are open and free for the public. Copenhagen offers both classical design icons and modern architectural wonders. Copenhagen today is the home of New Nordic cuisine and 16 Michelin starred restaurants. Clean harbours, organic restaurants, bikes and bike lanes, parks and green oasis - all the reasons making Copenhagen a sustainable destination. 45% of the inhabitants of Copenhagen ride a bicycle to work or school. Copenhagen is a long time frontrunner for the LGBT movement. Copenhagen is also a city of festivals: 14 in 2019 from rock, jazz, suburban dance to design, photo and cooking festival Wonderful Copenhagen (a network organization to promote tourism in Greater Copenhagen Area) has launched the first strategy for sustainable tourism in 2018 “Tourism for Good” to prevent visitors’ pressure in the future through four different focus areas: Broadening tourism to areas outside the city centre’s boundaries and, hence, offering tourists a much wider choice of activities and richer experiences. Guide tourists towards responsible consumption and behaviour by promoting sustainable products and ways of transportation. Partnerships are to be formed in order for information and measurements to get collected so that increased knowledge on sustainability is acquired and passed along. Wonderful Copenhagen has chosen to lead by example, taking the greatest possible sustainability considerations when it comes to its own operations COPENHAGEN - pilot form 3 Type of tourists2 12% of Danish tourists and 81% of international tourists were first-time visitors to Copenhagen. 30% of Danish tourists and 15% of international tourists had been to Copenhagen one to three times prior. 82% travelled with one or more adults and 73% travelled without any kids. Almost half of the Danish respondents were in the age group 36-45, while the highest percentage of international respondents was 26% in the age group 26-35. The average age for the Danish respondents was 45, while the average age for the international respondents was 42. 2 According to Copenhagen card user survey – 2017. COPENHAGEN - pilot form 4 Waste data3 Main types of waste prevention actions regarding URBAN WASTE objectives In the city of Copenhagen, there are different prevention actions that can or could target also the waste produced by tourists. ● Prevention of food waste is a main issue for both households and businesses. A range of measures are taken helping different stakeholders to prevent food waste e.g. social supermarkets, mobile phone apps, restaurants providing guests with doggy bags, cooperation with retailers, teaching households as well as staff in large kitchens to use food items close to “best before”‐date, awareness raising on food waste, but also trust based certification (Refood label). ● In terms of reuse, there are many recycling hubs with swap facilities in the city (16 centers), many second-hand and antiques shops. There are also initiative in touristic places, such as the Tivoli Park where there are only reusable plastic cups with a deposit and return system. Organization of waste collection for households Responsibility ● Copenhagen municipality is responsible for MSW collection from all households, public institutions and small businesses located in residential buildings. ● The collection is operated by private companies. ● One specific aspect regarding waste management in the City of Copenhagen is that the municipality is only in charge of waste from households and is not allowed to collect waste from private companies. The private companies are obliged to manage their own waste in compliance with the municipal waste management regulation. ● Waste from street bins and street sweeping is not under the waste authority’s administration, but falls under another department in The Technical and Environmental Administration in the City of Copenhagen. ● The City of Copenhagen has a current “Resource and Waste Management Plan” that has been introduced for the period 2019-2024. 3 Sources: URBAN-WASTE deliverables: D2.5, D2.7; data provided by the pilot case. COPENHAGEN - pilot form 5 Financing system Denmark put in place the principle of ‘cost-coverage non-profit’ for the financing of a local authority’s waste management service. This means that waste management is not financed by taxes. Waste fees cover the costs involved, while they cannot exceed them to be used for other expenses in the city. The waste management budget in the City of Copenhagen amounts to around EUR 83 million / year. Waste fees are collected with the property tax, and there is a fixed price for recyclables, whereas the fee is volume-based for residual waste. Access to the recycling stations and hubs is free, and it is financed by a flat rate charge per year, levied with the waste fee. WASTE FEES 2017, IN EUROS Single-family households litre/week Fee, euros Residual waste bin 140 318 Residual waste bin 180 381 Residual waste bin 240 435 Recycling fee, flat rate 123 Total approximately 441–558 Flats Fixed fee per flat 31-52 Bins, per litre/week 0.70 Recycling fee, flat rate 130 Administration fee 11 Total approximately 300 Collection system ● MSW fractions are collected from kerbside and from recycling stations: Kerbside collection from households Collection from recycling stations Residual waste Small combustibles Metals Hazardous waste Plastics WEEE and cables Smaller WEEE White goods Cardboard Bulky waste Paper Metals Hazardous waste Paper Batteries Cardboard Glass (also from public collection points) Glass Organic/food waste (from September 2017) Garden waste Garden waste PVC Bulky waste (on demand) Tyres COPENHAGEN - pilot form 6 Construction and demolition waste Wood for recycling Impregnated wood Plastic Textiles Waste for landfilling ● Refund system for selected packaging materials: in Denmark there is a deposit on most containers for carbonated soft drinks, water, beer and wine (bottles, cans). The deposit encourages the consumer to return the empty beverage container for recycling and thus prevents improper disposal and littering. The amount of deposit varies dependent on the type of beverage container. Organisation of waste collection for private enterprises ● Like other businesses most touristic establishments like e.g. hotels have made arrangements with private waste collectors though some are serviced by the municipal waste collection. ● The City of Copenhagen is only in charge of waste from households and is not allowed to collect waste from private companies. The private companies are obliged to manage their own waste in compliance with the municipal waste management regulation by hiring private enterprises. Businesses are free to hire a private company collecting the waste for treatment but source segregation in recyclable fractions is compulsory (the businesses are also obliged to secure documentation). ● The waste from businesses should at least be separated into: ○ residual waste ○ cooking oil ○ paper ○ organic waste (food waste) ○ cardboard ○ hazardous waste ○ rigid plastic ○ plastic sheeting ○ glass ○ metal ○ garden waste ○ WEEE ● The city does sorting tests on the waste from households, but not from the private companies. Nevertheless, the City has advisors that visit the private companies within an existing programme and has a continuous dialogue with companies to make sure they maintain a correct sorting of waste. Even if in the end it is the waste producers who have the responsibility of sorting them correctly. COPENHAGEN - pilot form 7 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 Unsorted Tons 150 000 Sorted 100 000 50 000 - 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Development in the amount of waste from private companies Organisation of street sweeping and street bins collection ● Waste from street bins and street sweeping is not under the waste authority’s administration, but falls under another department in the technical and environmental administration in the City of Copenhagen. ● Litter is considered part of the street sweeping waste and therefore not included in the definition of MSW. The amount/year of street sweeping waste is stable over the past years. ● Street bin waste is sent to incineration without further segregation. COPENHAGEN - pilot form 8 Waste treatment of the most relevant waste fractions First treatment Waste fraction Treatment process destination Incineration (producing district heating Residual waste and power for the supply network) Exported from the City of Copenhagen to Recyclables other locations in Denmark or outside the country for further treatment Remark: The new incinerator (Amager Ressource Center) was constructed with a rooftop skiing slope, a hiking track and a climbing wall, in this way making the waste treatment facility an integral part of the city experiences. Specific focus on certain waste fractions/management models The city of Copenhagen is currently testing in some areas containers tagged with microchips to register when the containers are full, in order to improve the waste collection.