A CONTRASTIVE STUDY BETWEEN RP AND GA SEGMENTAL FEATURES Submitted as one of the requirements for completing the Undergraduate Study Program at the English Education Department School of Teacher Training and Education By: AULIANISA NETASYA SALAM A320160022 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2020 A CONTRASTIVE STUDY BETWEEN RP AND GA SEGMENTAL FEATURES Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kontrastif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persamaan dan perbedaan ciri segmental RP dan GA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dari video YouTube. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kesamaan antara bunyi segmental RP dan GA pada posisi awal, medial, dan akhir adalah [ɪ], [ə], [eɪ], [ͻɪ], [p], [b], [t], [ d], [tʃ], [θ], [g], [f], [v], [s], [z], [ʃ], [m], [n], [l]. Bunyi serupa yang ditemukan di posisi awal dan medial adalah [ӕ], [tʃ], [dȝ], [ð], [h], [w], [j]; di posisi medial dan terakhir adalah [aɪ], [k], [ȝ], [ղ]; di posisi awal adalah [r] dan di posisi medial: [ʊ], [ʌ], [ɛ]. Kemudian perbedaan suara antara fitur segmental RP dan GA telah ditemukan pada posisi awal dan medial adalah [ͻ], [ɑ:]; pada posisi medial dan akhir adalah [ɪə], [əʊ], pada posisi awal [ʌ], [eə] sedangkan pada posisi medial adalah [ɒ], [i:], [u:], [ͻ:], [ ʊə], [t]. Kata kunci: penerima pengucapan, amerika umum, pengucapan, fonetis. Abstract This research is a contrastive study aimed to describe the similarities and the differences between RP and GA segmental features. This research used descriptive-qualitative method which collected the data from the YouTube video. The study found that the similarities between RP and GA segmental sounds in initial, medial, and final positions are [ɪ], [ə], [eɪ], [ͻɪ], [p], [b], [t], [d], [tʃ], [θ], [g], [f], [v], [s], [z], [ʃ], [m], [n], [l]. The similar sounds found in initial and medial positions are [ӕ], [tʃ], [dȝ], [ð], [h], [w], [j]; in medial and final positions are [aɪ], [k], [ȝ], [ղ ]; in initial position is [r] and in medial positions: [ʊ], [ʌ], [ɛ]. Then the differences sound between RP and GA segmental features have been found in initial and medial positions are [ͻ], [ɑ:]; in medial and final positions are [ɪə], [əʊ], in initial position is [ʌ], [eə] whereas in medial position is [ɒ], [i:], [u:], [ͻ:], [ʊə], [t]. Keywords: received pronoun, ganeral american, pronunciation, phonetic. 1. INTRODUCTION Communication plays an important role in daily life. Without communication people in the world can’t understand each other when they are together. In communicating we definitely heard how the pronunciation of the interlocutors, therefore we must know some of the contrastive found in British and American English because there might be some who do not know about the pronunciation. 1 In general, this research paper discusses British and American English but focuses more on RP and GA segmental features. In British and American English, there are 2 elements, namely segmental features and super segmental. This study discusses segmental features called vowel, consonant and diphthong. This research is important and interesting, because readers can find out what the contrastive are in RP and GA segmental features. The thing that is highly considered in this research is the vowels, consonants and diphthong. Known vowels are divided into three parts namely Short Vowels, Long Vowels and Diphthongs. Short vowels include /ǝ/, /e/, /i/, /˄/, /ʊ/, /I/, /æ/. Long Vowel, among others /i:/, /ɔ:/, /ɑ:/, /u:/, /ȝ:/, /a:/. The last is Diphthongs and among others are /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /oʊ /, /ɪǝ/, / ʊɔ/. Then after the vowel, there is also what is called a consonant. Consonant letters are as follows /p/, /k/, /b/, /f/, /s/, /t/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /n/, /m/, /r/, /v/, /w/, /j/, /z/, /ʃ/, /Ɵ/, /tʃ/, /dȝ/, /ȝ/, /ɳ/. The contrastive between RP and GA in the diphthong /ǝʊ / for RP and /oʊ/ for GA.The purpose of this study is to find out how and how different pronunciation when using RP and GA segmental features by finding words in Youtube. The objective of the study in this paper are find out the similarities between RP and GA segmental features, and to find out the differences between RP and GA segmental features. 2. METHOD This research, the writer used the descriptive qualitative type and using linguistics design. Based on Creswell (2010:8) that qualitative research is an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social or human problem. The object of this research is pronunciation of RP and GA segmental features. The similarities and differences how to pronounce of RP and GA segmental features found in Youtube channel of English with Max and Sounds America.. This research, the types of collecting data use document analysis by pronounce the words. Robert C. Bogdan states that documents are records of past 2 events, can be in the form of writings, pictures, or monumental works. The steps of data collection are as follow: Collect list of words that has potential similar and different of RP and GA from Youtube channel of English with Max and Sounds America, Convert the list of words to ToPhonetic web, Copy and paste the phonetic transcription for the data, then mark with another color to know the similar and different both of them. This technique of collecting data can be conclude as: collecting, converting, analyzing The way to analyze the desired data by grouping into two analyzes the data presentation there are the similarities and differences between pronunciation of British and American English. Then, it describes each phonetic change, starting from data on similarities to data for differences. In the qualitative research, the data validity known as trustworthiness. The trustworthiness of qualitative research generally is often questioned by position, because their concept of validity and reliability cannot be addressed in the same ways. Guba (1981) elements of quality criteria inquiry that are commonly applied in social sciences to assess the trustworthiness and transparency of qualitative research, (1) credibility, (2) transferability, (3) dependability, (4) confirmability. 3. FINDINGS AND DISSCUSSION 3.1 Finding This section presents a recapitulation or conclusions from several tables that have been previously shown, the similarities and differences between RP and GA segmental features: Tabel 1. the similarities and differences between RP and GA Position Segmental No. Features Initial Medial Final 1 [ɪ] V V 2 [ӕ] V V 3 [ʊ] V 4 [ə] V V V 5 [ʌ] RP [ʌ] vs [ə] GA V 6 [ɒ] RP [ɒ] vs [ɑ] GA 3 7 [ɛ] V 8 [ɔ] RP [ɒ] vs [ɔ] GA RP [ɒ] vs [ɔ] GA 9 [ɑ] RP [ɒ] vs [ɑ] GA 10 [i:] RP [i:] vs [i] GA 11 [eə] RP [eə] vs [ɛ] GA 12 [u:] RP [uː] vs [u] GA 13 [ȝ:] RP [ɜː] vs [ɜ] GA 14 [ͻ:] RP [ɔː] vs [ɔ] GA 15 [ɑ:] RP [ɑː] vs [ɑ] GA RP [ɑː] vs [ɑ] GA 16 [eɪ] V V V 17 [aɪ] V V 18 [ͻɪ] V V V 19 [aʊ] V V 20 [ɪə] RP [ɪə] vs [ɪ] GA RP [ɪə] vs [ɪ] GA 21 [əʊ] RP [əʊ]vs[oʊ] GA RP [əʊ] vs [oʊ] GA 22 [ʊə] RP [ʊə] vs [ʊ] GA 23 [b] V V V 24 [p] V V V 25 [t] V RP [d] vs [t] GA V 26 [d] V V V 27 [tʃ] V V V 28 [dȝ] V V 29 [k] V V 30 [g] V V V 31 [f] V V V 32 [v] V V V 33 [θ] V V V 34 [ð] V V 35 [s] V V V 36 [z] V V V 37 [ʃ] V V V 38 [ȝ] V V 39 [m] V V V 40 [n] V V V 41 [ղ ] V V 42 [h] V V 43 [l] V V V 44 [r] V 45 [w] V V 46 [j] V V There are some sounds where the vowels and diphthongs do not change and some do. If nothing has changed it is called similarity and if there is a shift or change in vowels and diphthongs it is called a difference. The example is in 4 diphthong /ǝʊ → oʊ/, in RP used /ǝʊ / and GA used /oʊ/ and those words are changes from short vowels to long vowels. Usually what uses long vowels is RP and short vowels is GA, it is also called a significant change called difference. In both parts the data has several parts which are divided into two, namely similarities and differences. It is known that only consonant letters can be matched to a place of articulation, and the letter of ‘r’ from RP is not pronounce that namely non-rhotic type and for the GA the letter ‘r’ is pronounced that called rhotic type. The characteristic pronunciation of BrE (RP) and AmE (GA) are found in the place where the sound is formed, such as consonants that form in the tooth area in other parts of the mouth, but the vowels are produced that sound not touching the mouth, only the movement of the lip shape which affects the sound of the vowel. 3.2 Discussion This section discusses the similarity and differences between RP and GA Segmental Features: 3.2.1 The Similarity between RP and GA Segmental Features The finding of similarities between RP and GA segmental is supported by Mehmet Demirezen (2012) said that Accents of English can be either rhotic or non-rhotic. English pronunciation, both in Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American (GA) can be split into two main accent groups: rhotic and non- rhotic. Rhotic accent speaks pronounce a rhotic consonant-r. Non-rhotic speakers, for example, speakers of British English (BrE) and Australian English do not articulate the /r/ in all of such words.