TTPI Ii A R H /EO LO GY O F R O M E C . O H N H E N R P A R KE R B Y C . J , H N M A X ON . A L O . F . ON D . O , S KE E P E R OF T HE ASH M OLE A N M U S E U M OF H I ST ORY A N D A R CH /E OLOG Y OX FORD , , V I CE - P RE S I D E N T OF T H E OX FORD A R CH I T E CT U RAL AN D H IS T O R I CA L S OCI E T Y , A N D OF T H E B R I T I S H A RCH JEO LOG ICA L S OCI E T Y OF ROM E H ON ORA RY M E M E R OF VA R I OUS A RCH EEOLOG I CAL S OCI E T I E S B , E N G LI S H A N D FOR E I N G . L L ART H. VO . P I L L U S T R A T I O N S T O H E P I M IT IVE RT I FI AT ION S . I . T R FO C I H WA LL N D G AT E F R ME . I . T E S A S O O I I I T H E H I T I A L C N T RU I N OF WALLS . S OR C O S CT O O X F O R D A M E S A R E R A N D J P K CO. L O N D O N : O H N M R R A Y A L - E MA R L E R E E . J U , B S T T 1 8 74 . N E N CO T T S . f P LAT E S P RI MIT IVE FORT I FI CAT I ON S . 3” D a rams I —IV i h P ans and . 1 Descr ption oft e l i g . I — V 9 D ri n fhe V ew s . I esc ptio o t i . — App end ix De sol iption ofthe P hoto Engravings ofthe H ills of Q — R ome the P a a ine th e Vim na the Coe an the A en ne I . I I : l t , i l , li , v ti XX M WALLS AN D GAT E S OF RO E . —VI I I ' ofthe D a rams I . D escription i g . P o - E n ra n s I -t Descripti on ofthe hot g vi g . N R CT I N F WALL CO ST U O O S . fh P a s — 3 Desc ri on o t e e I VI I I . pti l t . X — — A end ix Mamer ne P r son &c . X I X II pp ti i , . XX . — fons ru on Ca i o um &c . De a s o C c p t li , t il t ti Descri on ofthe D a rams o fth e Ca o um c on n n pti i g pit li , tai i g fErarium T abu a u m S enaculum and Mun ci u , l ri , , i pi m D ESC R IPTION OF T H E PLANS AN D DIAGRAMS OF T H E P R VE S I MI T I FORT IF ICA T IO N . O RI MIT IVE Fo RT I FI CAT I ON s — L AN S AN D DI A RA P P G MS . P LAT E I EN E RAL LAN OF R OME W ofA G P , with the alls of the Kings , ure lian , and of the Popes . In this small Plan the hills are tinted grey, and the valleys left white , with the streams of water flowing through them , green ; the W A alls of the Kings are tinted red that of urelian , with the towers , L H adrianum is solid black 3that of the eonine City and the , a thick black line and that Ofthe Popes in black outline . This plan , with the section above , was taken originally from what R was considered as the best geological plan of ome . But it does n not profess to be a geological plan in its prese t form , it is only ‘ int end e d t o give a general idea of the? nature of the ground on R which the City of ome stands , in the valley of the Tiber . The S even Hills have probably all been originally promontories , from a - OLLES the high t ble land on each side . The three C , the Quirinal , E Viminal , and squiline , clearly are so, and the Janiculum and Vatican on the western side . P LAT E 3. ME GENERAL PLAN OF RO , TE E WALLS F T HE KIN O GS, AURELIAN, AND HE T P OPES. Wall s ofServius u sta bl e . I l l a L S . Walls and Gat e , f s o Anrelian . Streams f o Wat er . 1 . Mbiit M i e ar o. 2 . Mant P r i a a oli . 3 . Ianioulnm. o !o o o 1 0 0 0 l — _g M E T R A RI MI T IVE FORT IFICAT ION S— LAN S A N D DIAG RA P P MS . P LAT E I I . RI M IT VA T he R OMA P I . obj ect of this Plate is to give a more ' ‘ Czz o R ome clear idea of the original y f , both of the first and second period . The first City consisted of the Palatine Hill only, of which n the norther part was more strongly fortified than the rest . This strongest part , or citadel , was an oblong space on the side next the S S Hill of aturn , of which the abines were then in possession , and w ar R were for a time at with the omans . This space , called R oma uadm m w as a r x Q , the , citadel , or keep of the Palatine City . It may uadr atic; have been called Q either from its oblong form , or because O it was surrounded by walls built of large blong blocks of tufa, of O us uadm lu m the construction called by Vitruvius p g . It had a triple a rx line of defence round it at different levels , as was usual for the . ' R emains of the wall against the upper c lifi are now visible on three w sides . This all is distinguished on the plan by a solid red line where it is now visible, and by a dotted red line where it has been On an . d destroyed , but must have gone the south, the west , the north, parts of the wall remain against the cliff on the south side is u the great foss across the middle of the hill, called by some a nat ral r a valley, or it was probably partly natural, but ce t inly f only in part, with the cli fs supported by walls on both sides of the M i is . u on great foss The Porta g is near the east end of this foss , ’ the approach to it protected by the c lifis on both sides spreading T ba s econd Cit out in a gorge as usual . y consisted of the two hills , the Palatine and the Hill of Saturn inclosed in one wall, which is l remains and also marked by a red line , solid where it , in dots only w d here it must have passed . It must have include the Velia at the east end, to protect the approach to the principal gate , and have gone to the Tiber on the south - wes t in order to keep open that highway for provisions . The tufa wall of the second period against P uld zr um Lim a the bank of the Tiber, called the , must have formed A part of this line of defence, and the small river lmo may also have formed a wet ditch for a certai n distance . The other streams and marshes in the valleys added greatly to the strength of the Palatine fortress , before they were collected in the great drain , ' Cloam M xz called a ma . P LAT E ll . R O M A P R M IT I I V A . WALL OF PALAT INE AND CAPIT OL COMBINED IN ONE CIT Y. M _. w i PAV E D ROA D S wA T E R RI MI T IVE FORT I FI CAT I ON S— LA N S AN D DIAGRAMS P P . LAT P E I I I . IAGRAMOF T HE ALAT I N E I LL WIT H A MALL P D P H , S ORT ION OF T H E AP IT OLI N C E . H IS T Plate contains a section of a portion of the Capitoline Hill , ‘ di Marforio ft f with a plan of the Via , a narrow street at the oo o it on the eastern side , with some excavations made there in the spring 1 8 2 a e? l of 7 , shewing the junction of the g and wa l of the second City with the rock of the Capitol .