TechnicalTechnical ReportsReports ofof thethe QueenslandQueensland MuseumMuseum No. 002 Authors: John N.A. Hooper & Merrick Ekins Address: Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia ([email protected], [email protected]) Report written for: National Oceans Office C2004/020 (2004) COLLATION AND VALIDATION OF MUSEUM COLLECTION DATABASES RELATED TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE SPONGES IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA PART 6 OF 8 This document may be cited as: Hooper, J.N.A. & Ekins, M. 2004 (published online 2009). Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia. Technical Reports of the Queensland Museum Number 002. pp 1-224. www.qm.qld.gov.au (ISBN 978-0-9805692-5-4) Copyright for this document is with the Queensland Museum and the National Oceans Office (now incorporated within the Marine Division of the Department of Environment, Water, Hertiage and the Arts [DEWHA]). Technical reports of the Queensland Museum are published online, in read-only format, and are individually catalogued by the National Library of Australia. These reports may include reproductions (or revisions) of documents that were originally compiled to advise industry, government or academia on specific scientific issues, and they are reproduced here to ensure that the scientific and technical data they contain are not lost within the vast unpublished scientific ‘grey literature’. For further information please contact: Managing Editor, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Qld Australia Phone 61 7 3840 7555. Fax 61 7 3846 1226. www.qm.qld.gov.au Email [email protected] Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia FIG. 123. Hymeniacidon (circles), Amorphinopsis (triangles) and Epipolasis spp (squares) (QM Biolink database) Spongosorites sp. #57 -northwest coast (NWP: 2 spp): Topsentia sp. #1438, Spongosorites sp. #349 -GulfP: Spongosorites sp. #1131 -BassP: Spongosorites sp. #1417 -CEP: Spongosorites sp. #1461 FIG. 124. Spongosorites (triangles) and Topsentia spp (circles) (QM Biolink database) 149 QM Technical Reports | 002 FIG. 125. Dactylia spp (QM Biolink database) the southern Gulf to Cape York (GulfP – NEB). Species with only single records are not differentiated on maps presented here. Peaks in diversity occur in the central and southern GBR (NEP: 15 spp), Order Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928 with species diversity diminishing to the north (NEB: 7 spp) Suborder Haplosclerina Topsent, 1928 and south (CEB: 4 spp, and CEP: 1 sp.). Few species are markers for particular Family Callyspongiidae bioregions, aside from those occurring de Laubenfels, 1936 on the central and southern GBR: 65. Dactylia spp (Fig. 125) -south GBR (NEP): Dactylia spp #1823, #1941, #2581, #2600, #2813, #2943 Bioregional trends: Predominantly -central south east coast found in the GBR region, with highest (CEP-CEB): D. radix diversity in the southern region, -southern Gulf (GulfP): D. annulata diminishing both north and south; one -Tasmania (TasP): Dactylia spp # widely distributed south and east coast 66. Arenosclera and Siphonochalina species, two ‘apparently endemic’ spp (Fig. 126) southern species. Bioregional trends: Predominantly Summary details: Dactylia (17 spp, east coast, tropical species most 4 named) is predominantly confined to diverse on the GBR and in south east the north and central east Australian Queensland, but with north and south coast, especially the GBR region, with GBR regions not clearly delineated. some species being highly prevalent Both genera are good markers for the and extending throughout the GBR GBR. (D. pseudoreticulata, Dactylia spp Summary details: Arenosclera (9 #1368, #1376, #1584). One species spp, 1 named) and Siphonochalina (Dactylia sp. #1846) widespread from 150 Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia FIG. 126. Arenosclera (triangles) and and Siphonochalina spp (circles) (QM Biolink database) Arenosclera sp. #193, #3426, Siphonochalina sp. #3561, #3562 -Darwin region (western part of NP): Siphonochalina sp. #363 67. Callyspongia ( C l a d o c h a l i n a , Toxochalina, Spinosella and Euplacella) spp (Fig. (21 spp, 1 named) have predominantly 127) tropical distributions, similar to those Bioregional trends: Predominantly seen in Dactylia spp, exclusively east tropical east coast distribution, coast and with only few species records particularly associated with the GBR, for temperate waters. Species with only without clear differentiation of northern single records are not differentiated on and southern GBR bioregions but maps presented here. Peaks in diversity with marginally higher diversity on the occur in the northern GBR (NEB: 7 central and southern GBR; one widely spp), central and southern GBR (NEP: distributed tropical species. 10 spp) and south east Queensland (11 spp), although delineation of northern Summary details: Callyspongia and southern GBR bioregions is not subgenera Cladochalina (4 named spp), Toxochalina (4 spp, 2 named), clear, with several widely distributed Spinosella (1 unnamed sp.) and species along the length of the GBR Euplacella (19 unnamed spp) are (Arenosclera sp. #1363, S. deficiens predominantly tropical, especially and Siphonochalina spp #1373), and associated with coral substrates on the only few unique species. A few species GBR, with marginally higher diversity on are markers for specific bioregions: the central and southern GBR (15 spp), -north GBR (NEB): Arenosclera sp. #3114 diminishing slightly northwards (northern -south GBR (NEP): A. arabica, GBR, NEB: 8 spp) and southwards Siphonochalina sp. #2816 (south east Queensland, CEB: 9 spp). -south east Queensland (CEB): Species with only single records are not Arenosclera spp #2773, #2775, Siphonochalina sp. #2778 differentiated on maps presented here. -Bass Strait and Tasmania (BassP-TasP): Northern and southern GBR bioregions 151 QM Technical Reports | 002 FIG. 127. Callyspongia (Cladochalina (squares), Toxochalina, Spinosella (triangles) and Euplacella spp (circles) (QM Biolink database) and especially on the GBR; highest diversity in the central-southern GBR, with northern and southern GBR bioregions d i f f e r e n t i a t e d on the basis of are not well differentiated by their species diversity species composition. One species (C. and species composition; poor diversity (Toxochalina) schulzei) occurs across in temperate waters. the tropics, from mid-north west coast to Summary details: Callyspongia the southern GBR (NWP-NEP), several (Callyspongia) is one of the most diverse species occur throughout the GBR (C. of all sponge subgenera, with database (Euplacella) spp #387, #2559, #2814, records containing 145 spp, only 11 C. (Toxochalina) sp. #553), with others so far named, distributed throughout restricted to one or two bioregions: Australian waters. Species with only -north GBR (NEB): C. (Cladochalina) single records are not differentiated subarmigera, C. (Euplacella) sp. #1527 on maps presented here. The highest -south GBR (NEP): C. (Euplacella) sp. diversity is in the tropics, particularly #1949, #2820, C. (Cladochalina) on the north east coast, with differential vaginalis, C. (Toxochalina) sp. #3504 peaks in diversity occurring in the -south east Queensland (CEB): C. northern GBR (NEB: 40 spp), central (Euplacella) spp #387, #1176 and southern GBR (NEP: 52 spp), -north coast (NP): C. south east Queensland (CEB: 19 spp), (Cladochalina) diffusa central south east coast (CEP: 6 spp), -south west coast (SWB): C. (Euplacella) sp. #715, C. (Spinosella) sp. #734 north coast (NP: 15 spp) and north west coast (NWP: 13 spp). In some regions 68. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) populations are highly abundant spp (Fig. 128-129) although not necessarily accompanied Bioregional trends: Highly diverse by high species diversity (e.g. Darwin subgenus, and very abundant in some and North West Shelf region). A habitats; predominant in the tropics few species have wide distributions 152 Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia FIG. 128. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) spp – part 1 (QM Biolink database) #2695, #2798, #2935 -south east Queensland (CEB): C. (C.) spp #672, #916, #1116, #2498, $2976 -central south east coast (CEP): C. (C.) trichita, C. (C.) sp. #1452, #1898 -Tasmania (TasP): C. (C.) sp. #3296 -southern Gulf (GulfP): C. (C.) sp. #532 -north coast (NP): C. (C.) sp. #234, #1314, #2709 -north west coast (NWP): C. (C.) sp. #407, #553, #1819 -south west coast (SWB): C. (C.) sp. #755 Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867 throughout tropical Australasia (e.g. 69. Haliclona C. (C.) aerizusa, C. (C.) carens, C. (Gellius, Reniera, Rhizonera), (Callyspongia) sp. #108, #138, #3070), Chalinula and Cladocroce spp (Fig. or within broad bioregions such as the 130) GBR (NEB-NEP: C. (Callyspongia) spp Bioregional trends: Nearly #1369, #1946, #2022, #2025, #2879, exclusively tropical distribution, with #2998), or the north west and north highest diversity on the GBR and coasts (NWP-NP: C. (Callyspongia) south east Queensland regions; sp. #102, #233), whereas most species north and south GBR regions not well are restricted to single bioregions: differentiated,