The Secret History of the Mongols Brill’s Inner Asian Library Editors Michael R. Drompp Devin DeWeese VOLUME 7/3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bial The Secret History of the Mongols A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century TRANSLATED WITH A HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL COMMENTARY By Igor de Rachewiltz VOLUME 3 (SUPPLEMENT) LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yuan chao bi shi. English. The secret history of the Mongols : a Mongolian epic chronicle of the thirteenth century / translated with a historical and philological commentary by I. de Rachewiltz. –– Second Impression with Corrections. p. cm. –– (Brill’s Inner Asian library ; 7) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-15363-2/978-90-04-15363-9 (set : alk. paper) –– ISBN 90-04-15411-6/978-90- 04-15411-7 (v. I : alk. paper) –– ISBN 90-04-15412-4/978-90-04-15412-4 (v. 2: alk. paper) l. Mongols––History. 2. China––History––Yuan dynasty, 1260-1368. I. Title: Mongolian epic chronicle of the thirteenth century. II. Rachewiltz, Igor de. III. Title. IV. Series. DS19.Y7813 2003 950’.22––dc22 2003062591 ISSN 1566-7162 ISBN 978-90-04-25056-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25858-7 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. In memory of Naka Michiyo 恋䍪忂ᶾ (1851-1908) primus inter pares CONTENTS List of Illustrations ............................................................. viii Preface ................................................................................ ix Abbreviations ..................................................................... xii To the Reader ..................................................................... xiii Notes on the Illustrations ................................................... xv Illustrations ......................................................................... xvii Part One: Additions and Revisions .................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................... 1 Translation ..................................................................... 30 Commentary ................................................................... 32 Appendices ..................................................................... 138 Bibliography and Abbreviations .................................... 140 Indexes ............................................................................ 141 Part Two: Typographical and Minor Errors and Omissions 143 Bibliography and Abbreviations 1. Periodicals and Series ............................................... 149 2. Books, Monographs and Articles ............................. 151 Index 1. Proper and Place Names ........................................... 187 2. Subjects (Selective) ................................................... 202 3. Grammar and Lexis .................................................. 212 4. Paragraph-Page Reference List ................................. 217 Addenda .............................................................................. 221 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Pl. 1 Inauguration of the Government Edition of the Secret History ................................... xvii Pl. 2 Page from the Government Edition of the Secret History with illustration ..................... xviii Pl. 3 Site of ƒinggis Qan’s last residence at K’ai-ch’eng (Ninghsia) ...................................... xix Pl. 4 Ditto. Chinese plaque with inscription marking the site ..................................................................... xx Pl. 5 Silver coin (miÆqāl) of Ögödei Qaγan .................... xxi Pl. 6 Gold coin (dīnār) of Ögödei Qaγan ........................ xxii Pl. 7 Dr Baiying Borjigin with the author ....................... xxiii PREFACE Une science probe doit se résoudre à beaucoup ignorer. Paul Pelliot The preparation of the present volume has been prompted by two major considerations: 1. The last decade has witnessed a remarkable growth of interest in Mongolian history, culture and language, and in particular a flurry of publications concerning the major monument of early Mongol literature, viz. the Secret History of the Mongols (Mongqol-un ni’uča tobča’an). An updating of my 2004 annotated translation of the Secret History has thus become necessary. 2. A considerable number of typos, minor errors and omissions have been discovered in the 2004 edition. They have been pointed out by reviewers and through personal communica- tions by readers over the years. I am very grateful to all of them and it is now imperative to correct such errors. In this supplementary volume I have endeavoured to meet these requirements by dividing the work into two parts: Part One deals with the additions and revisions to the 2004 edition as suggested mostly by post-2002/3 literature on the subject up to the end of 2012, but also by earlier publications unknown to me at the time, as well as by my rethinking of important issues such as the dating and authorship of the Secret History. Part Two is simply a list of corrections of typographical and other errors. The Bibliography contains many new titles, completing—as far as I have been able to—the already extensive bibliography in Vol. 2 of the 2004 edition. However, a good many articles have been left out because they do not add anything new; unfortunately some, possibly more than a few, have also been omitted as I was unable to obtain copies of them. This is regrettable, but I trust that x PREFACE at least some of these involuntary omissions will be pointed out by future reviewers. In preparing this volume for publication I have adhered as closely as possible to the format of the first two volumes. In this connection I wish to thank Ms P. Radder of Brill, Leiden, for her vigilant eye and advice, and to Ms H.O. Collins, Ms E.J. Kat, Mr S.Y. Rivers and Mr B. Howarth of Canberra for their indispens- able role in the preparation of the manuscript. As in the case of the 2004 edition, the publication of Vol. 3 would not have been possible without a generous grant from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Ex- change. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the Foundation for its continuous support. Special thanks also to my friend and colleague Dr Hung Chinfu of Academia Sinica, Taipei, for his invaluable collaboration in checking the Chinese sections of the work. As before, I am most grateful to the Department of Pacific and Asian History in the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University and its staff for their constant help which has greatly facilitated my research. Having donated my professional library to the F. Verbiest Institute of Leuven, Belgium, in 2007, work on Vol. 3 could not even have begun without the help of friends and colleagues around the world who, in the last three years, have provided a huge amount of printed material (books, monographs, scholarly articles, newspapers, etc.) for me to read and process, or have checked bibliographical references and verified quotations on my behalf. To all of them I owe an enormous debt of gratitude. In particular I wish to express my warmest thanks to the following (in alphabetical order): R. Ackroyd (Cambridge), B.G. Baumann (Bloomington, Ind.), M. Biran (Jerusalem); Á. Birtalan (Budapest), P.D. Buell (Berlin), E. Chiodo (Bonn), Sh. Choimaa and his students (Ulan Bator), G. Ford (Sydney), R. Fundele (Uppsala), J. Greenbaum (Peking), J. Heyndrickx (Leuven), M. Hope (Can- berra), H.-G. Hüttel (Bonn), A.H. Johns (Canberra), D. Kane (Sydney), G. Kara (Bloomington, Ind., Budapest), M. Karashima (Kyoto), J. Kolbas (Oxford, Ohio), L. Koleilat (Canberra), THE SECRET HISTORY xi N. Kradin (Vladivostok), J.R. Krueger (Bloomington, Ind.), H. Kuribayashi (Sendai), Y. Lam (Wellesley, Mass.), T. Lee (Can- berra), N. Li (Canberra), T. Li (Canberra), J. Man (London), I. Marmai (Pordenone), D. Matsui (Hirosaki), T. Matsukawa (Osaka), R.I. Meserve (Bloomington, Ind.), T. Moriyasu (Osaka), T. Nakami (Tokyo), Ch. Narantuyaa (Ulan Bator), M. Ölmez (Ankara), M.N. Orlovskaya (Moscow), Y. Qiu (Shanghai), J. Li Renfang (Ulan Bator), V. Rybatzki (Helsinki), P.O. Rykin (St. Petersburg), K. Sagaster (Bonn), Y. Saitō (Tokyo), Ts. Shagdarsüren (Ulan Bator), N. Shiraishi (Niigata), T.D. Skrynnikova (St. Petersburg), J.C. Street (Madison, Wisc.), B. Sumiyabaatar (Ulan Bator), M. Taube (Markkleeberg), A. Tsendina (Moscow), D. Tumurtogoo (Ulan Bator), B. Ulaan (Peking), A. Vovin (Honolulu), H. Walravens (Berlin), N.S. Yakhontova (St. Petersburg), J. Yoshida (Tokyo), W. Yu (Seoul), P. Zieme (Berlin). I am further indebted to D. Dorrington and the always helpful and obliging staff of the Australian National University Library, and to D. Boyd (CAP, ANU, Canberra) for the photographic work. All errors and other imperfections