Notes I. Thomas Mann, A Sketch of My Life, translated from the German by H. T. Lowe-Porter (New, York, 1970), p. 74. 2. See Hans Burgin and Hans-Otto Mayer, Thomas Mann: A Chronicle of his Life (Alabama, 1969), p. I. 3. A Sketch of My Life, op. cit., pp. 3-4. 4. Quoted from Hans Burgin and Hans-Otto Mayer, op. cit., p. 20. 5. Ibid, pp. 18-19. 6. See, for example, his diary entry for 30 March 1919, in Thomas Mann, Diaries for 1918-1939, translated from the German by Richard and Clara Winston, selection and foreword by Hermann Kesten (New York, 1982), p. 42. What Mann termed his 'sexual inversion' seems to have reached a critical point in 1920, as is shown by an entry for 14 July. See ibid, p. 101. 7. See The Letters of Thomas Mann, selected and translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harmondsworth, 1975), p. 69. 8. The history of this tense relationship between the two brothers at this time has been well charted by Marcel Reich-Ranicki in his The King and his Rival (Bonn, 1985). 9. See Thomas Mann, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, translated, and with an introduction by Walter D. Morris (New York, 1983), p. 2. The original German edition was first published in 1918. 10. Mann's refutation of these accusations was published in a short article in Die Literarische Welt, 4 (24 February 1928), p. l. II. See Thomas Mann, 'Mario and the Magician', in Mario and the Magician and other Stories (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1975), p. 150. For the German source, see Thomas Mann, 'Mario und der Zauberer', in Die Er:dihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Bucherei, Frankfurt am Main, 1967), Vol. 2, pp. 535-536. 12. The Letters of Thomas Mann, op. cit., pp. 167-168 (p. 168). 13. See his diary entry for 3 September 1933 in Thomas Mann, Diaries for 1918-1939, op. cit., p. 168. 14. See his diary entry for 31 December 1933, ibid, pp. 186-187 (p. 186). 15. See his letter of 7 June 1954 to daughter Erika in The Letters of Thomas Mann, op cit., pp. 464-467 (p. 465). 16. Mann entered into a lively debate with a number of such 'inner emigrants' to justify his position. The documentation has been collected 131 132 Notes by J. F. G. Grosser in his Die grofle Kontroverse (Hamburg, 1963). 17. This was the assessment of Time magazine. See Klaus Schroter (ed.), Thomas Mann im Urteil seiner Zeit: Dokumente, 1891-1955 (Hamburg, 1969), pp. 445-447 (p. 447). 18. See Hans Erich Nossack, 'lnbegriff der Unehrlichkeit and Feigheit', in Marcel Reich-Ranicki (ed.), Was halten Sie von Thomas Mann?: Acht;:;ehn Autoren antworten (Frankfurt am Main, 1986), pp. 67-68 (p,67). (My translation). 19. See Thomas Mann, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, translated, and with an introduction, by Walter D. Morris (New York, 1983), pp. 98. The original German edition was first published in 1918. 20. Ibid, p. 98. 21. Thus Ernest K. Bramsted, Aristocrary and the Middle-Classes in Germany: Social Types in German Literature, 1830-1900 (Chicago, 1964), p. 201. 22. Thomas Mann, Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1957), p. 44. For the German source, see Thomas Mann, Buddenbrooks: Verfall einer Familie (Fischer Taschenbuch, Frank­ furt am Main, 1960), p. 39. Subsequent references are to both editions. 23. See the entry on 'Biedermeier' in Henry and Mary Garland (eds.), The Oxford Companion to German Literature (Oxford, 1976), pp. 81-82. 24. Buddenbrooks, op. cit., p. 88; (p. 78). 25. Ibid, p. 83; (p. 73). 26. Ibid, p. 404; (pp. 355-356). 27. Ibid, p. 48; (p. 43). 28. Ibid, p. 135; (p. 120). 29. Ibid, p. 160; (p. 142). 30. Ibid, p. 88; (p. 78). 31. Ibid, p. 207; (p. 184). 32. Ibid, p. 353; (p. 310). 33. Ibid, p. 353; (p. 310). 34. Ibid, p. 13; (p. 13). 35. Ibid, p. 521; (p. 460). 36. Ibid, p. 15; (p. 14). 37. Ibid, p. 474; (p. 419). 38. Ibid, pp. 506-507; (pp. 447-448). 39. See, for example, pp. 543 and 574; (pp. 478 and 506). 40. Ibid, p. 580; (p. 511). 41. Ibid, p. 364; (pp. 319-320). 42. Ernst Haeckel is quoted by Alfred Kell)q The Descent of Darwin: The Popularization of Darwinism in Germany, 1860-1914 (Chapel Hill, 1981), p. 22. 43. See Thomas Mann, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, translated, and with an introduction, by Walter D. Morris (New York, 1983), p. 12. (I have preferred my translation here.) 44. Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, op. cit., p. 49. 45. Buddenbrooks, op. cit., pp. 580-583; (pp. 511-514). 46. Ibid, p. 22; (p. 20). 47. Ibid, p. 375; (p. 329). 48. Ibid, p. 9; (p. 9). Notes 133 49. Ibid, p. 487; (p. 431). 50. Ibid, p. 558; (p. 492). See also Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols (Penguin edition, 1972), p. 60. 51. See Thomas Mann, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, translated, and with an introduction, by Walter D. Morris (New York, 1983), p. 67. The original German edition was first published in 1918. 52. See Thomas Mann, Little Herr Friedemann and Other Stories (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1972), p. 30. For the German source, see Thomas Mann, Die Erziihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Biicherei, Frankfurt am Main, 1967), Vol. I, p. 73. Subsequent references are to both editions. 53. Ibid, p. 35; (p. 78). 54. Ibid, p. 16; (p. 60). 55. Ibid, p. 98; (p. 146). 56. Ibid, p. 60; (p. 103). 57. Ibid, p. 59; (p. 103). 58. Ibid, p. 129; (p. 262). 59. Ibid, p. 143; (p. 275). 60. Ibid, p. 149; (p. 280). 61. Ibid, p. 150; (p. 281 ). 62. Ibid, p. 156; (p. 287). 63. See Thomas Mann, 'Tristan' in Death in Venice, Tristan and Tanio Kroger, (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1955), p. 113. For the German source, see Thomas Mann, Die Erziihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Biicherei, Frank­ furt am Main, 1967), Vol. I, p. 186. Subsequent references are to both editions. 64. Ibid, p. 121; (p. 192). 65. Ibid, p. 128; (p. 198). 66. Thomas Mann, Little Herr Friedemann and Other Stories (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1972), p. 103. For the German source, see Thomas Mann, Die Erziihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Biicherei, Frankfurt am Main, 1967), Vol. I, p. 201. 67. See Thomas Mann, 'Tonio Kroger' in Death in Venice, Tristan and Tanio Kroger, (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1955), p. 147. For the Ger­ man source, see Thomas Mann, Die Erziihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Biicherei, Frankfurt am Main, 1967), Vol. I, p. 219. Subsequent refer­ ences are to both editions. 68. Ibid, p. 148; (p. 220). 69. Ibid, pp. 153-154; (p. 225). 70. Ibid, p. 161; (p. 231). 71. Ibid, p. 171; (p. 239). 72. Ibid, p. 187; (p. 253). 73. Ibid, pp. 190-191; (p. 255). 74. See The Letters of Thomas Mann, selected and translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harmondsworth, 1975), p. 46. 75. See, for example, Richard Schaukal, 'Thomas Mann: Ein liter-psycho­ logisches Portrat', first published in 1903 and reprinted in Klaus Schroter (ed.), Thomas Mann im Urteil seiner Zeit: Dokumente, 1891-1955 (Ham­ burg, 1969), pp. 27-28. 76. See The Letters of Thomas Mann, op. cit., p. 112. 134 Notes 77. Thomas Mann, 'Death in Venice' in Death in Venice, Tristan and Tonio Kroger, (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1955), p. 19. For the German source, see Thomas Mann, Die Er::;iihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Biicherei, Frankfurt am Main, 1967), Vol. I, p. 347. Subsequent references are to both editions. 78. Ibid, p. 12; (p. 342). 79. Ibid, p. 17; (p. 346). 80. See Thomas Mann, Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1957), p. 558. For the German source, see Buddenbrooks: Verfall einer Familie (Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main, 1960), p. 492. 81. Death in Venice, p. 18; (p. 347). 82. Letters, op. cit., p. 48. 83. Death in Venice, p. 16; (p. 345). 84. See Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy, translated by Francis Golfiing (New York, 1956), p. 19. 85. Death in Venice, p. 43; (p. 367). 86. Ibid, p. 9; (p. 340). 87. This is how Mann interpreted Aschenbach's feelings in the essay 'On Myself, first published in 1940 and republished in Dichter iiber ihre Dichtungen, Volume VI/I, Thomas Mann, Part I: 1889-1917, edited by Hans Wysling, with Marianne Fischer (Passau, 1975), pp. 438-442 (p. 439). 88. Death in Venice, p. 910; and p. 340. 89. Ibid, p. 27; (p. 354). 90. See Thomas Mann, 'Tonio Kroger' in Death in Venice, Tristan and Tonio Kroger, (Penguin edition, Harmondsworth, 1955), p. 183. For the Ger­ man source, see Thomas Mann, Die Er::.iihlungen, 2 Biinde (Fischer Biicherei, Frankfurt am Main, 1967), Vol. I, p. 249. 91. See Thomas Mann, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, translated, and with an introduction, by Walter D. Morris (New York, 1983), pp. 422-423. 92. Death in Venice, p. 54; (p. 376). 93. Ibid, p. 33; (p. 359). 94. Ibid, p. 61; (p. 381). 95. Ibid, p. 54; (p. 376). 96. Ibid, p. 67; (p. 386). 97. Ibid, p. 74; (p. 393). 98. Ibid, p. 76; (p. 394). 99. See Thomas Mann, Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man, translated, and with an introduction, by Walter D. Morris (New York, 1983), p. 153. The original German edition was first published in 1918. 100. Death in Venice, p. 7; (p. 338). 10 I. See Mann's 'Tischrede bei der Feier der ftinfzigsten Geburtstags', given in 1925 and republished in Dichter iiber ihre Dichtungen, Volume VI/I, Thomas Mann, Part 1: 1889-1917, edited by Hans Wysling, with Marianne Fischer (Passau, 1975), p.