PAN AFRICAN VISIONS MARKETING AFRICAN SUCCESS STORIES & MORE MAG 0819 Vol 2, August 2019 www.panafricanvisions.com West Africa Goes for Single Currency -Hopes & Fears of The Eco

One Year Later: A Myth and Realities African Energy Ghana-How The AFCON 2019: Look at the Eritrea- of Africa Rising Chamber Makes “year of return” is Algeria Ends 29 Ethiopia Peace Deal Narrative Inroads in Senegal Shaping Up Year Draught to Emerge Champs Page 4 Page 17 Page 30 Page 9 Page 51 PAN-AFRICAN PRO-AFRICAN

www.centurionlg.com Contents PAN AFRICAN VISIONs CONTENTS From Egypt With Reminders On The African Genius ______2 oon______28 Ghana's difficult relationship with the IMF: Is it time to say good- African Energy Chamber, oil executives pay courtesy visit to Presi- bye?______3 dent Macky Sall______30 One Year Later: A Look at the Eritrea-Ethiopia Peace Deal ____ 4 The African Energy Chamber Debunks the Senegalese USD$10 Billion Scandal that Never Was______32 President Kagame snubs western judgement on universal human rights violations______7 Anadarko announces FID on Mozambique LNG project______33 The significance of the "year of return" and how it impacts on dias- Egypt protest the selling of 3,000-year-old statue of King Tut- porans with African descent.______9 ankhamun in London for over $6million______36 South Sudan: Progress under ruin due to existence years of war and Rwanda's VUP safety net restores resilience for the most vulnera- graft______13 ble______36 MAKING AFRICA TRADE EASY (MATE) ______16 Book on Zimbabwe's frequently asked questions about climate change launched ______38 "The African Diaspora linking U.S. and African businesses"___ 16 Denis and Lenora Foretia Foundation Celebrates International Nel- HIGH LEVEL DIALOGUE______16 son Mandela Day______38 Is africa rising narrative a propaganda or a reality?______17 South Sudan vows to end early child marriage______41 West Africa Single Currency- Is It All Hype or Helpful ______18 S. Sudan launches its first mobile Money platform, creates new What President Muhammadu Buhari should do to tackle insecuri- jobs______42 ty______22 Brilliant Idea But A Few Years Late: c______44 HRW accuses Cameroon security forces of raping women, killing Making Agriculture Work For Africa: Inspiring Next Generation of civilians______23 Farmers ______47 Youths in Malawi move with rural communities in environment and Kenya: 'Man up', a highway to grave______49 energy conservation______26 Why Cape Town has been voted the best city in the world multiple Models of a Dialogue Assembly______27 times______50 A Memo to Paul Biya, President of Cameroon on:______28 AFCON 2019: Algeria Wins Second Crown______51 The Urgent Need for Public Policy Mediation and Negotiations in Lessons From Mandela on the Crisis in Cameroon______55 the Ongoing Armed Conflict in the Anglophone Regions of Camer-

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PAV - APR. 2019 - MAG 0419 Vol 3 1 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa From Egypt With Reminders On The African Genius By Ajong Mbapndah L he curtains of the cases earned at least five to that may be advanced, the African Nations Cup ten times more than their stark truth remains that Twere recently drawn counterparts from Africa. when Africa doubts or with Algeria winning the Coincidentally, for all the does not believe in its own trophy for the second time. expensive expertise that most potential, the results are not With their scintillating style countries preferred and went good. When you doubt your of football, the Algerians were for, it is two sides coached own researchers, when you considered as hot favorites by Africans that qualified for doubt your own scientists, after the first few games, and the finals-Djamel Belmadi of when you doubt your own there was near unanimity Algeria, and Aliou Cisse of teachers, your own products, at the end, that there were Senegal. While Belmadi was why would the rest of the worthy champions. in the list of the 10 highest world value or believe in you? The tournament took paid coaches, alongside Why would politicians refuse place in Egypt after original others like Florent Ibenga of to engage in dialogue until a hosts Cameroon was the D.R. Congo, and Kwesi foreign power tells them to do judged to be ill prepared Appiah of Ghana, Cisse so? Why would Africa think by the Confederation of did not make the cut. That about free and fair elections African Football. The fervor Belmadi and Cisse took only when someone else tells generated by previous their countries to the finals them to do so? tournaments was missing, is testament to the genius of Recently, there has Ajong Mbapndah L, Managing Editor as more often than not, it African coaches. been talk about the Swiss was only the games of host The broader point been their trust, confidence, whereas foreign coaches get a government offering to country Egypt that drew the made is that Africa does not and the results are there to free pass? facilitate talks between the big crowds. Unfortunately, always have to look outside show. He qualified Senegal In terms of leadership, it has Government of Cameroon, the Egyptians were booted off or to seek help or rely on for the 2016 World Cup and been a bag of mixed blessings and Ambazonia separatist early into the second round, foreign expertise to solve almost took them to the since Ahmad Ahmad took fighters. As laudable as the and with that, went the little its problems... Why would a second round. He qualified over leadership from Issa offer from the Swiss is, many enthusiasm that was there for country like Cameroon with the team for the nations cup, Hayatou. The new President have expressed skepticism the tournament. global football icons like and emerged as runners up. seems indecisive, lacking and rightly so on the ability For the first time, the Omam Biyik, Bell Joseph With the talented crop of in vision, has questionable of that country to act as a tournament was played with Antoine, Patrick Mboma, players that he has, there is integrity, and the result has neutral arbiter or umpire. 24 teams, and this meant and others who have better every reason to believe that been a strong decimation Switzerland has been a that some of the countries qualifications not be given he will take Senegal to higher in the international respect second home to President who are not often chanced to the opportunity to coach heights. enjoyed by the Confederation Biya. The Cameroon play at the AFCON were able the indomitable lions? Why of African Football. From President spends lengthy to do so. Hence, unfamiliar can Nigeria not give one of While there is nothing tales of corruption, to his stays there at a crazy cost. names like Kenya, Tanzania, its esteemed football stars wrong in countries picking detention, and release in A bigger question remains, Burundi, Madagascar, Okocha, Amunike, Siasia foreign coaches, qualification, France, and the decision of why did President Biya have Uganda, etc. were able to etc the opportunity to serve and merit must be respected. the world football governing to wait for things to go so make it to the tournament. as coach of their national Why should a country opt for body FIFA to get more far South before thinking of Some of them notably team? Aliou Cisse and Djamel a less qualified foreign coach involved in the management dialogue? Imagine the toll on Uganda, and Madagascar, Belmadi have proven beyond when its nationals are more of CAF, Ahmad seems to human live, thousands that were amongst the revelations reasonable doubt that, qualified? Why should the be taking African football have been killed, thousands of the tournament. African coaches are the way less qualified foreign coach backwards. Considering in jail, the thousands of Of the 24 countries forward. earn more than the local or that he is relatively new externally and internally which participated at the Today hailed as a hero in African coaches? Why should on the job, hopefully he displaced people, the great tournament, less than ten of Senegal, Aliou Cisse received the working conditions for regains his bearings, with a distrust that exists today, and them had African coaches. severe knocks when things foreign coaches be better better understanding of the so on, what was the President Looking at the income or did not go right. To the credit than those of local coaches? multifaceted importance of waiting for? Why could he remuneration of the coaches, of the Senegalese Football Why should local coaches be football to Africa. not address the issues? Is the foreign coaches in most authorities, Aliou has enjoyed vilified at the slightest bump Irrespective of the reasons dialogue now not like selling

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs after the market? Did it have Fomunyoh, and others? If we talk of African solutions natural disasters in Malawi, West Africa for a common to take the Swiss and others we want to take it further, to African problems, we must Mozambique, and Zimbabwe currency, to agricultural who have made offers to how comes the rest of Africa be able to match this with while foreign countries and initiatives, the work of the mediate or put pressure on has remained so indifferent? concrete actions, and so far, organizations take the lead African Energy Chamber , the government for President Where has the African Union the continent is not doing in trying to offer support and the Foretia Foundation, and Biya to know that he had to been? Where have elder enough. Salva Kiir and Rick proffer solutions. others, there is much to salute listen to the grievances of statesmen like Olusegun Machar should not travel to Just as we salute the with respect, in the hope that people and act accordingly? Obasanjo, Thabo Mbeki, Rome, and have the Pope kiss exploits of Belmadi and Alieu slowly but surely, Africans Even when it comes Joachim Chissano and others their feet to know that the Cisse, there is a reason to will learn to celebrate and to dialogue, why would been? civil war in South Sudan is remain hopeful that the dark make use of their own the President not use the We are using the not serving the interest of its clouds still hovering over the prophets. good offices of credible Cameroon example now, people. We should not have continent will sooner than Cameroonians like but the examples across the African leaders acting with later give way to the silver Cardinal Tumi, Christopher continent are legion. When nonchalance in the face of lining. Be it with efforts in Ghana's difficult relationship with the IMF: Is it time to say goodbye? By Amos Fofung

n recent times, pressure triple digit level. has been mounting Undoubtedly, by 1983, Ifor Ghana to cut her Ghana’s economy was relationship with the in tatters. It desperately International Monetary needed support to reverse Fund, IMF. From individual the downward spiral. As citizens to statesmen, dozens a result, Ghana embarked of Ghanaians think their on a major programme of country should disintegrate economic reform. It did this itself from the international through an IMF and World body. Bank sponsored structural what fuels this attitude adjustment programme towards the Bretton Woods and economic recovery Institution whose mission programme. seeks to; help ensure stability Over the years these have in the international system, become a major reference keeping track of the global points in terms of the economy and the economies relationship between Ghana President Akufo Addo with Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde,then of member countries; lending and the Bretton Woods Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. to countries with balance institutions. of payments difficulties; go to IMF again”; Ghana Saharan African country to Nkrumah’s government in The scale of reforms under and giving practical help to will no longer be troubled by gain independence in 1957. 1966, the country suffered these arrangements were members. conditionalities of IMF. It was undoubtedly a beacon nearly two decades of political enormous. A look at sentiments These quotes detail how of hope for the region. The instability and economic The structural adjustment expressed in statements Ghanaians feel about the country had significant decline. A prolonged drought facilities were used to steer by former presidents and relationship. But is the natural resources as well as a worsened the situation, as did Ghana toward becoming a finance ministers under relationship that bad? An highly educated population. widespread bush fires. This market friendly nation where whose tenure the country informed assessment requires Ghana’s relationship with resulted in an unparalleled incentives were created by the exited IMF sponsored some context: how Ghana the IMF is a cycle of meeting famine. free market. In the process, programs illustrate this well. relates to all Bretton Woods targets under its programs Adding to the burden on the country embarked on They ranged from: institutions. A historical before falling back on bad government was the need to a large-scale overhaul of The decision to be assessment of this will better habits. resettle one million citizens institutions, encouraged independent of IMF contextualize the nature of The relationship between from Nigeria. The next decade competition by privatizing budgetary support is a Ghana’s relationship with the Ghana and the IMF and saw the global oil crisis as state own enterprises, built watershed in the history IMF. World Bank dates back to well as a persistent downward institutional capacity and of the country’s economic As Quartz Africa details the late 1960s. Following trend in the terms of trade. By attained macroeconomic development. To “We won’t it, Ghana was the first sub- the overthrow of Kwame the 1980s inflation was at a stability. PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 3 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

Undeniably Ghana chalked initiative aimed at reducing payments reports hold. up some initial successes the external debt burden of In 2001, the newly elected under the programme. very poor countries. government opted for debt It was in fact referred to At the time, all Ghana’s relief under the highly as the programme’s ideal earlier successes had been indebted countries initiative. student due to significant eroded. The economy This decision was met with improvements in its was suffering from rapid a lot of public backlash. macroeconomic indicators. exchange rate depreciation, People’s view was that Ghana But after nearly two high inflation and very low had fallen from being the decades of adjustment, in external reserves. The severe beacon of hope for Africa to 2001, the country fell on hard crisis was partly due to high being heavily indebted and times. It was classified as a debt service requirements poor country, HIPC. highly indebted poor country that affected the budget With no foreseeable benefits – a World Bank and IMF and affected the balance of from its engagements with President Akufo-Addo thinks its time for Ghana to take greater control of its own destiny.

the IMF whose predictions preferably without the IMF. hardly last for the night, As with previous IMF/ Ghanaians started mapping World Bank sponsored out strategies to strive outside programmes, Ghana is once IMF’s structural program again out-performing itself. which sustains almost every As usual, the government economy in Africa. is very optimistic about the In its 2019 World Economic prospects of the country Outlook the IMF is however following its exit from the forecasting that Ghana will be programme. The obvious the fastest growing economy question being asked is: what in the world this year with a is different this time? And for projected growth rate of 8.8%. how long can Ghana strive if But Ghanaians are not having she decides to part ways with Story 2 Pic 3.Senior Minister and ViceChairman of Ghana Economic it with their forecasting, they the IMF? Management Team, Yaw Osafo Maafo.jpg are determined to make it

One Year Later: A Look at the Eritrea-Ethiopia Peace Deal By Prince Kurupati

or many, the conflict for over two decades, they between Ethiopia and are intricately connected in FEritrea was akin to terms of ethnicity and tribes the one between Israel and (hence strong family relations Pakistan. Essentially, this between those residing in simply means that many Ethiopia and those residing people did not expect an end in Eritrea). The peace deal, to a conflict that seemed to therefore, meant that family take new twists every now members could once again and then. However, the meet, wine and dine with unthinkable did happen their long lost relatives. when in early July last year, When Prime Minister Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed met President Abiy Ahmed crossed the Isaias Afwerki, the two Ethiopia-Eritrea border on signed a memorandum that his way to meet his Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea and Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia officially brought to an end counterpart President Isaias were hailed for the historic moves that led to restoration of ties. the tensions that existed Afwerki in the capital Asmara. President Isaias Afwerki to an end. Reports from emotions, pomp and fanfare between these two countries. The over joyous crowds clearly illustrated how many media houses that were on that the crowd had. This A few weeks later, the two that greeted Prime Minister though skeptical were eager the ground to cover Abiy understandable because leaders signed a peace deal in Abiy Ahmed on his way to see the conflict between Ahmed’s visit in Eritrea though the two countries Jeddah, Saudi Arabia which to the official residence of the two countries come do expose the jubilation, had been at loggerheads was witnessed by the Saudi 4 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

Eritreans more so in recent most Eritreans who cross longer a readily available base months. This is because the the border into the Ethiopian for rebel forces to use. Before government of Eritrea as a market buy building the peace deal, rebels in measure of trying to curb materials like cement and Ethiopia used the Badme area the influx of opposition construction cables. The as their base knowing fully figures decided to issue a construction materials are well that neither Ethiopian decree restricting many used in building permanent nor Eritrean troops would Eritrean citizens from structures back in their home freely patrol the whole area. travelling outside and inside country. Most of the buildings While the peace deal has the country. This, therefore, were destroyed during the indeed ushered in some great has made it difficult for the war with Ethiopian many benefits for citizens of both Eritrean women all smiles after crossing border general populace to conduct years ago and the owners Ethiopia and Eritrea, it has, for reopening ceremony. Photo Stringer AFP Getty their cross border trading were unable to rebuild the however, has had its own images. business in recent times. structures owing to shortage shortcomings. This not per King and the United Nations Gebrehans who said “What The only exceptions, that is, of construction materials se due to the peace treaty Secretary-General Antonio we fear is war. We love peace. people who are allowed to and when available, the high itself but rather due to witty Guterres. When Eritreans come to this travel in and outside of the costs of purchasing them in manipulation by political Resumption of normal ties market, I welcome them with country are well-off Eritreans their country. The structures leaders. Looking specifically between Ethiopia and Eritrea a smiling face.” This therefore who are above the age of 50. being rebuilt are both houses at the case of Eritrea, the meant that just like any other clearly illustrates the friendly While the free movement as well as demolished small Eritrean government has countries that do have cordial relations that have been has made it possible for cross malls and factories. Eritrea used the peace deal to relations, their citizens would brought about by the peace border trading business to outlawed the construction of entrench its hold on power be able to visit the other deal. boom and for family members large buildings in May 2006 as the Afwerki administration country without any hassles, Just to illustrate how cross to reconnect, the peace deal and the ban has not been which had been in a state of this of course enabled by border trading has boomed signed last year also saw lifted as yet. isolation suddenly now enjoys connecting flights, trains and ever since the peace deal the phone lines between Political wise, the peace attention from global powers. buses. was signed, one simply has the two countries restored deal has been a blessing for The Afwerki administration, Perhaps the major benefit to look at the remarks made after being cut off for two the Ethiopian government in turn, is using the attention ushered in by the peace deal by one Ethiopian shop owner decades. To this day, phone as the warming relations of global powers to legitimize is the ability to afford all Haile Bisrat who said “We get links remain open meaning between Ethiopian and its extended rule on the citizens the opportunity to to make a little more profit that Ethiopians and Eritreans Eritrean troops along the country. cross borders from Ethiopia than before as the market whether looking to connect border means there is no to Eritrea and from Eritrea is in a better state…When on a family level or business to Ethiopia. Those crossing the border first reopened, level can conveniently get the border doing so for two as many as 2,000 Eritreans hold of their loved ones or main reasons, the first of were coming every week. The business partners via the which is to meet long lost numbers have gone down phone rather than physically family members and secondly a little, but that’s perhaps travelling. for trading purposes. because they’ve bought The peace deal has also Interviewing some Ethiopians everything they wanted.” enabled Eritrea to develop who used the peace deal The benefit of free infrastructure wise. This as to establish cross border movement, however, has an indirect benefit of the trading businesses, the BBC largely been appreciated free movement of people and interviewed one Ms Mebrhit by Ethiopians rather than goods. The BBC reports that

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6 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs President Kagame snubs western judgement on universal human rights violations By Mohammed M.Mupenda talk about your own human rights record and stop just offloading everything on African leaders,” President Kagame fired. At one point, he accused those raising concerns about human rights violations of suffering from a “superiority complex.” “You really need to stop this superiority complex nuisance about Human Rights. You think you are the only ones who respect human rights and all other people are violating human rights. We’ve fought for human rights and freedoms of our people much better than and more than anyone including you people who keep on talking about When we respect the things, we respect in our country it is not for you or anybody else, it is for ourselves, this nuisance; where we have said Kagame. taken our country from and wanda’s President human rights violations; do it in the United States of critic who is not jailed, fled where it is now speaks for Paul Kagame spoke, mixed reactions went on social America and they act like the country, or he/she living itself, the rest of the stories Rlast month, on media such as Facebook, they are nice while doing evil in fear adding that whatever just come from this complex,” behalf of African leaders, Tweeter and professional to blacks, here not employing good he is doing for country “I think this kind of unexpectedly as it happened. network LinkedIn, where them printing money and not and Africa they don’t give discussion which has gone This made some people happy most professional and giving the masses of blacks him right to keep violating on for a very long time but it still left many others Africans said that he made it jobs, no resources. government critics’ rights, sounds a bit cynical in the in suspense over Rwanda’s by speaking for all African However, listening to the One of the viewer commented sense. In fact, it is like the human rights violation leaders. full interview gives you a on Facebook. tragic situation of 1994 isn’t question which went almost I love Kagame and I am different impression where When pressed on the considered even as a violation unanswered. happy African President have Mr Kagame answered all European union›s 2018 of human rights, it has now This came after interview come up to call out European interview questions well but report of «serious civil gone to the background. from an independent Union›s involvement on soon, the conversion which and political violations» in I think it’s just ridiculous journalist to Rwanda’s violating human rights, took place on the margins of Rwanda, his tone turned because there is nothing like President Kagame on France forgetting that the greatest the European commission›s outright hostile. human rights minus what 24 interviews with European genocide ever happened in European Development days “It’s rubbish, absolutely you are talking about in terms Union development Europe, world war two and Forum became heated. Faced rubbish because Rwanda is of development. Education, commissioner, where a series colonialism started in Europe. with tough questions from completely different from health, food security and of questions were asked In fact, they are the most an independent journalist, what it was 25 years ago. In development these too are on his country’s efforts to human rights offenders, said Kagame’s discomfort was fact, maybe you need to be human rights,” President eradicate poverty. Dr. Murumbi Seraki on her obvious. looking around in Europe Kagame pointed out during During the interview with YouTube Channel show with Mr. Kagame has given a because you are violating the interview. a journalist, Mr. Kagame Slogan «Wake Up Africa». clear answer to the Europeans people’s rights when we have Rwanda is often praised decided to point out what She also urged Africans to and America but these this problem of people being as a model for the continent many Africans termed as control the narratives and allegations were supposed bundled and sent back to sink based on its bold development finest truth and others said Kagame showed it to them. to be answered. Because, in in the Mediterranean Sea policies, cleanest and green he had no answer for the Mr. Jordan Sharpe said Rwanda many government and so on and many people city. The government, formed tough question asked about that we cannot live on this critics and oppositions in the being mistreated in your by a former rebel group, has Rwanda’s fundamental planet with these abuses, they country have never been free, own countries; why don’t you practically rebuilt the country PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 7 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

since it ended the 1994 Rights Watch (HRW) citing Genocide. that HRW continues ignoring Kagame loudly wondered the government›s stance on who had appointed the the country›s human rights western world as the judge, situation. jury, and executioner of what The HRW has repeatedly passes as human rights and accused Rwanda of human not. rights violations. The HRW “Yes human rights is report released last October universal but if it is universal said there were unlawful and you believe it then you detentions in military don’t become the judge camps and widespread and yourself, you don’t start systematic tortures by the telling the other what to do, military in Rwanda. what they should do or not or In October, the what they are doing it is not Subcommittee on the to your satisfaction who are Prevention of Torture, which you?” he posed to Nicholson. oversees enforcement of “When we respect the the Optional Protocol to the things, we respect in our Convention against Torture country it is not for you (OPCAT), ratified by Rwanda or anybody else, it is for in 2015, conducted a state ourselves,” said Kagame. visit to Rwanda. It had to An aerial view of a traffic intersection in the capital city of Kigali. Rwanda is often cited as a model of development in Africa. Photo Timothy Kisambira New “I believe you shouldn’t suspend their visit and leave Times. be there belittling Africans sooner than planned, citing or leaders of Africa who obstruction by Rwanda’s of the Convention against According to HRW report, broadcast programs on are trying to do their best. government. Rwanda has Torture by state parties. civil society in Rwanda is politically sensitive issues, Human rights abuse occurs yet to set up a national On December 6, CAT in its very weak, due to many years such as proposed changes even in Europe, not only in preventive mechanism for concluding observations, of state intimidation and to the penal code in relation Africa,” he stated. the prevention of torture at called for involuntary interference, leaving Rwanda to defamation, official Looking in the eyes of the domestic level, required detention in transit centers human rights organizations government views dominated the journalist, it was very by the OPCAT, despite a to be abolished; an end to largely unable to publicly the domestic media and clear that she could not go deadline to do so one year intimidation of political document violations by almost all election coverage. further, she had to respect the after ratification. opponents, journalists, and state agents, unlawful Government actors also interviewee and ended the In November, Rwanda human rights defenders; arrest and detention, forced intimidated international interview. appeared before the and prompt, impartial, and disappearances, torture journalists. The BBC Last year, Rwanda refused Committee against Torture effective investigations into remain all too common in Kinyarwanda service remains to renew cooperation (CAT), a UN body that allegations of torture. Rwanda. While some private suspended since 2014. agreements with Human monitors implementation radio stations occasionally

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 8 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs The significance of the "year of return" and how it impacts on diasporans with African descent. By Papisdaff Abdulla

n September 2018, Ghana’s President, Nana IAddo Danquah Akufo- Addo declared the “Year of Return, Ghana 2019” for Africans in the Diaspora. The initiative which seemingly appears to provide another subtle justification for the struggle to attain a united Africa through those resident on the continent and their brothers or sisters in the diaspora., the Ghanaian leader noted “We know of the extraordinary achievements and contributions they [Africans in the diaspora] made to the lives of the Americans, and it is important that this symbolic year; 400 years later, we commemorate their existence and their sacrifices.” The ‘Year of Return, Ghana 2019’ is a major landmark reputation is not lost. Making expected to bring about leadership in Africa’s quest to target more Ghanaians living marketing campaign Ghana the focus of activities 350,000 people from North be free, united, politically and abroad to bring their acquired targeting the African- to commemorate the landing America and 150,000 from the economically independent technical skills, money and American and other Diaspora of the first enslaved Africans Caribbean and Latin America was well recognized and had investment opportunities to market to mark 400 years in the English colonies in to join African Culture and been noted as a ‘gate of return’ facilitate development in the of the first enslaved African North America is, therefore, a Wellness Festival, Black to people in the diaspora. country. arriving in Jamestown huge opportunity to entrench History Month, Back2Africa He said over the years, the According to the Diaspora Virginia during the trans- Ghana’s leadership.” festival, Pan African Student governments had sought Affairs Director, the “Year Atlantic slave trade. The Nearly a year after Summit, Ghana Jamaican through various initiatives of Return,” took inspiration West African Country which the famous Washington Homecoming festival, to connect and re-connect from the Joseph Project and prides itself with being the declaration, thousands Waxprint film documentary with people in the diaspora leaders such as Dr Kwame gateway to Africa is expected of diasporans including festival, Black Prophet through programmes such Nkrumah, Mr George to attract nearly half a million famous athletes, actors, Homecoming celebration, as the Joseph Project, Padmore and Dr W.E.B. diasporans from across the and the like have visited the Emancipation Day, Marcus PANAFEST, Emancipation Du Bois who led and gave world this year to celebrate country between January Garvey Award Ball and Day and Homecoming foundation to Pan Africanism the “Year of Return 2019.” 2019 and now as scheduled banquet, Natural Hair Expo, Summit. Mr Ababio said all with series of activities, President Nana Akufo- commemorative events Jamestown-to Jamestown these activities were geared actions and interactions Addo at one of the continue to take places in and African American towards drawing awareness spearheaded by Ghana. “As commemorative events to various part of Ghana. Again, Business Investment and and making Ghana the seat Ghana continue to be the pave way for the flagship very notable diasporans Development Summit among of African Emancipation. His headquarters for the fight initiative recalled Ghana’s of Ghanaian descent such other activities lined up for outfit is expected to come for African liberation and the early pan-African leadership as WWE Champion Kofi the event. out with a policy document symbol of hope for African role and pledged that: “Under Kingston, Idris Elba and Director of Diaspora that centers on diaspora emancipation, our nation my leadership, Ghana will Boris Codjoe also visited so Affairs at the Office of the development. This according continues to seek deeper continue to ensure that far. President, Akwasi Awua to the Government of Ghana socio-cultural, economic and our hard-won pan-African The year-long event is Ababio, said Ghana’s is expected to primarily political inclusion for our kith PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 9 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

and kin from the Diaspora,” of return witnessed that traditionally, he said. In the mid fifteenth African ceremonies and Mr Ababio said the centuries, Africans were occasions is characterized government was committed exported as slaves to America by coming from different to improve on the economy and other European countries families to share their sense and discourage irregular to serve their white masters. of communal love and unity. migration by making sure that Most of these slaves were Likewise, the year of return the young men and women from countries in the west is aimed at bringing Africans could achieve their dreams coast of Africa (Nigeria, together, akin to the age in the country. He said his Ghana, Sierra Leone, Senegal old traditional way. It is a outfit was working with the Gambia and so on). In landmark initiative aimed at other Non-Governmental 1619, the first ship of African inviting the global African Organizations (NGOs), slaves arrived at Jamestown, to come back home. As a Ministries, Departments Virginia. The year reminds result, the year of return is and Agencies (MDAs) and Africans of the sad periods one way of rediscovering academia to pursue diaspora of deprivation, torture and and attaining true identities. policies and engagements slavery. However, in 1807, More so for those who have strategies and embrace the the British government found themselves as citizen of diaspora community to make passed an act to abolish the other nations like the African the event a success. slave trade throughout the Americans, black Caribbeans Ghana has attracted the British Empire. It became and Africans in some part of attention of well-known internationally illegal to trade Asia as a result of the slave international businesses, slaves across the world. trade or displacement. investing in all sectors of its As August 2019 marks 400 economy. All these investors years of the trade of Africans Why it is necessary have come to Ghana because as slaves, the declaration of This event is expected to of the conducive social, 2019 as the year of return bring socio-economic success political and economic to welcome Africans in to Ghana and the African environment in which they the diaspora back to the continent as whole because can invest, grow and be continent has become a very the “year of return” provides need to come together to to create opportunities and successful. The country has important event to Africans a grounds for expanding actively involved in this new the right environment that over the couple of years on the continent and in the human resource and expertise industry in order which in the will allow global Africans to built on significant natural diaspora since it is a great on the continent. This is an long run will bring unity. invest in vestures around resources, through its evident opportunity for Africans in avenue of exploiting the skills This homecoming is the continent to expand the commitment in improving the diaspora to trace their these people have and means also another ground for socio-economic activities physical infrastructure. roots to where they originated to provide opportunities for investments. The solution around the continent with The West African country from. Also, Africans who Africans in to interact with for the Africa is encouraging the use of their skills and recently embarked on an have migrated abroad to themselves on how enhance Africans to invest in their knowledge. ambitious reform programme seek greener pastures and and impact their skills on own continent and wean it There is the need for to improve the investment opportunities can also use others who have not got that from handouts of former Africans to unite globally climate for both local and this occasion to come back opportunity. colonial masters. Over the in order to protect their international investors. home. Floyd Banks, an The tourism and economic years the African continent identity and stand for what These efforts according to African-American who had sector in Africa is becoming has seen different investors they believe. Africans need government have paid off returned to the country one of the leading industries coming to the aid of African to come to work towards tremendously with Ghana told panafricanvisions.com driving foreign investors and countries. Europe and unity to change the negative being ranked the best place “growing up, I heard a lot tourist onto the continent. America dominated this perception behind their for doing business in West about Africa and I knew This has made Africa the space until recently when race and to acquire equal Africa, ahead of Nigeria and that is where I’m from but new zone for exploration in the Chinese joined, making recognition. Worldwide, Cote d’Ivoire with reference only saw it on maps. I didn’t the various sectors of the huge strides in terms of many Africans have suffered to the Ease of Doing Business feel belonged. I see a lot economy and it has become investments compared to stereotyping and racism Report. Ghana ranked 108, of potential here if we put the breeding grounds for their predecessors and or due to their colour and an improvement from the 111 our minds to working on new and multinational competitors. Economists say origin. The perception that rank in the previous report. developing the motherland.” investors to explore with it is time for African to invest Africa is a poor continent Africans believe in coming their resources. Therefore, in their own continent thus due to the images shared Significance of the year together as one people. It is Africans across the world incumbent on policy makers worldwide which depicts

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Africa negatively must end. Visas was a major challenge Therefore, this homecoming that had the potential of as expected should bring frustrating the initiative Africans together and discuss welcomed by many as how they can be equally laudable. Also Ghanaians and recognized worldwide. Jamaicans can now travel When this happens, those to and from each other›s in the diaspora can look country without a visa. This back to seek assistance from was agreed to after presidents their countries of origin of the two countries held and they can seek for equal bilateral discussions in opportunities irrespective of Kingston, Jamaica during their race. President Akufo-Addo’s two-day official visit to the Initiatives Caribbean country. President Joint Commission for so that we could find a way of have acquired citizenships As part of the year-long AKufo Addo said “We cannot Co-operation, which has strengthening each other in abroad can take up Ghanaian ‘Year of Return’ programme have visas standing in the been dormant for some growing and empowering our citizenship if they so desire. which aims to attract way of those relations, so time, President Akufo- economies, to play a more That same year the country diasporan Ghanaians and the decision has been taken Addo explained that, when and more critical role in the enacted the Immigration Act, Africans as well as people by my government that, properly structured, the new global architecture that which provides for a “Right of African descent in the as Ghanaians benefit from Commission will serve as a is being drawn up now. We of Abode” for any “Person diaspora back home to visa-free arrangements legal framework for the doing are going to have relations of African descent in the Ghana, the Akufo Addo here in Jamaica, we are also of business between the two that are intimate.” Diaspora” to travel to and led government of Ghana going to provide visa-free countries. During his visit to Furthermore, Ghana’s from the country “without has slashed the cost of visa arrangements for Jamaicans the Caribbean, the President parliament has also passed hindrance.” acquisition on arrival in in Ghana,” he said. said, has been to “strengthen a Citizenship Act in 2000 Ghana from $150 to $75 With the two leaders the relations across the water, to make provision for dual dollars. Hitherto, the issue pledging to reactivate the and build the bridge that we citizenship, meaning that of expensive Ghanaian Ghana-Jamaica Permanent have to build over the Atlantic people of Ghanaian origin who

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12 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs South Sudan: Progress under ruin due to existence years of war and graft By Deng Machol

Women collect sacks of maize and sorghum dropped from the air by a World Food Program plane in northern South Sudan. Photo Patrick Meinhardt AFP Getty Images.

uba – South Sudan’s almost all of its revenue from cantonments, rehabilitate independence. last four years my government progress is under oil and has been boosting and integrate militias and President Salva Kiir, encountered serious financial Jruining due to the production as it tussles rebels across the country. while speaking in a televised challenges, some of which are years of political violence that to rebuild its devastated Despite the peace deal, address to the nation that the result of weak governance returned the world youngest economy from the wreckage South Sudanese warring marked the 8th Independence in our revenue generating country to stone age era. of a five-year civil war, that parties’ fighters are still Day celebration, blamed the institutions, but mainly due July 9th, South Sudan broke out in late 2013. Oil occupied the civilian, school ongoing civil war for being to the internal war,” Kiir attains 8th years of output, which accounts for 98 and health centres across the a contributing factor to the said referring to the ongoing anniversary independence per cent of state income, has country, make it very hard for deteriorating development conflict which started since it seceded from Sudan fallen by more than half since the people to return home. progress, economic and following a disagreement in in 2011 after decades of independence in 2011, when Despite the peace accord, financial system that has December 2013 between him scorch-earth of civil war. it reached 350,000 barrels the thousands of people are been forcing the government and former vice-president – The country two years after per day. still living in the internal to delay civil servant salaries now a rebel leader – Dr. Riek independence plunged into President Kiir and key displaced place (IDPs) and and those of the country’s Machar. civil war that has killed nearly opposition groups, including the United Nations protection army. In this year of conflict, South 400,000 people and uprooted Dr. Machar reached a fragile sites in the country due to the President Kiir further Sudan have huge debts in the four million people from ceasefire and peace deal in fear of their lives outside. blamed the huge financial regional and international their homes and it was until September, 2018, promising At now, South Sudanese mismanagement in the treaty, for instance, South late 2018 that great level of to end the political violence, leaders are eagerly searching world’s youngest nation Sudan representatives are peace was achieved following but plans to form a power- for the peace and stability on poor management in likely to be kicked out of a ceasefire and peace deal sharing in May, this year were to return the hopes and the country’s revenue the East Africa Legislature signed in September 2018. delayed after there was no happiness which the institutions. Assembly (EALA) over Juba The country, which gets funding to disarm, establish citizens have at the time of “Let me admit that over the government failure to pay

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its annual contributions or membership fee which stands at $8.4 million. According to the lawmakers at the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA), South Sudan currently owes the regional parliament $27 million. South Sudan is a virgin in term of agriculture productivity, natural resources, but its citizens are in the verge of hungers due to the long-conflict, as the UN agencies and government has warned that nearly 7 million people in South Sudan could face acute food insecurity at the height of the May- June lean season this The enormous potential of the oil sector was neglected because of the civil war. year, indicating the number of acutely food insecure in back to normalcy and South that the half century wars wealth in natural resources, as it affected service delivery South Sudan, has increased Sudan will emerged from all of liberation must have these are exploited without across the country. by 13 percent since January these difficulties soon and been the end point to any consideration to the “I am fully aware that our 2018. will take its place in among violence, however, power population in oil rich areas. people are hungry because of “Security will return to the countries of international has always been seen as the Safety and welfare of citizens the difficult living conditions South Sudan, our economy community.” only ambition seen in most living in oil areas which is imposed upon them by will thrive and we will be able Information Makuei, is also politicians in the country. dangerous, said Malual. “It is insecurity and economic to better deliver important optimistic that his country After, South Sudan seceded my wish that the government hardships. This is further services to our people such is gearing toward peace from Sudan, was the best learns from the experience exacerbated by the failure of as schools, clean drinking and stability that means its economy in East Africa and start to set trends right.” my government to pay the water and create jobs for our populations will enjoy peace countries till war broke out salaries of our civil servants people,” said president Kiir. and tranquility soon. in 2013 and worsen later Economic crisis on time. However, that Michael Makuei, country’s “We are sure that South on in 2016 till date, it keeps With the oil-rich country salary maybe little, it does Information Minister says the Sudan will enjoy peace soon, worsening. struggling financially, make some difference in the country is progressing well not tomorrow but even soon, “Our civility is consumed president Kiir’s government livelihood of the families despite the years of political we will enjoy peace and in majorly by war and the has been unable to pays of our civil servants,” said violence and graft. after all, the enjoyment of challenge to the SPLM led troops and civil servants for president Kiir. “Well, as a country, as peace or peace coming to government is to understand six months old, prompting “I want to sincerely an independent country South Sudan or to any country the need to have a proud the parliament last month to apologize to you my people on which is celebrating its 8th in the world, is a process, so flag and or rule to shame the block the budget presentation my own behalf and on behalf years of it independence, I peace is already started and people with lack of care to the in protest. of the government for those believe that South Sudan is the people of South Sudan extent of seeking all primary On the independence, failures.” “My government progressing and whatever are now enjoying peace but it services as security, food President Kiir has also undertook several resolutions had been happening is a is a process as I say, it starts (from UN), education and apologized to civil servants directing the ministry of normal thing. It is a normal gradually and you continue health from sisterly states and for the failure of his finance and planning to thing that any independent to implement it, so peace is or well-wishers,” said Reech government to pay salaries on pay all the outstanding country faces – there is no already in South Sudan and Malual, Executive Director time, promised to personally arrears of our workforce and country in the world that got we are here to ensure that for the Screen for Rights. ensure that all salary arrears scheduled prompt payment its independence and went on it prevails all over South “Even constitutional post are paid soon. of salaries to the employees just smoothly like that. This Sudan,” said Makuei. holders are never ashamed The President said he of the government Republic is a normal step in which all Apparent, eight (8) years but proudly seek health is aware that the living of South Sudan at both the the countries of the world of independence have only attention outside the country conditions of the people national and states level passed through when they earned multiple experiences in a sisterly state made great have worsened due to unpaid of the government,” said got their independence,” of crises to the people of the by leaders like them. This is salaries, attributed these president Kiir. “I am reliably said Minister Makuei. “So, Republic of South Sudan. the measure of eight years to internal wars that the informed that finally progress to us, this is a normal thing Though, it has been a wish after independence.” country experienced and is being made in that regard and the situations is now of every South Sudanese Although with huge weak systems of governance and I promise you that I will 14 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

personally follow that up,” information disclosed was 92 Kiir added. per cent in 2016, compared The payment of civil to 44 per cent in 2019, servants comes viral in late while regulatory or policy June after chaos erupted information disclosed was 75 at the parliament following per cent in 2016, compared the legislators refused to to 50 per cent in 2019. Also, give the Country’s Minister contracts transparency has of Finance a chance to dropped by more than half; present the budget, without as 13 per cent in 2016 and 6 accounting for the unpaid per cent in 2019. arrears of all civil servants. The research report says The legislators’ remained that deliberate cover-up of threatening to impeach the public information creates Finance Minister, if he does mistrust in the world not resolve the matter of youngest country. Pope Francis kisses the feet of President Salva Kiir while his opposition rival salary arrears soon. “Lack of transparency and Rick Marchar looks on after a two day spiritual retreat for South Sudan accountability denies political leaders in April 2019.. Exposed in oil sector leaders a political legitimacy has recently renewed arms the peace deal was the key to mechanisms to ease the peace A report released by an and companies a social embargo on South Sudan the country’s turnaround. process implementation. independent research, the license to operate among despite objection by other Of recently, the UN says Besides the challenges to Sudd Institute, on July 16, the petroleum producing member states. The measure while the peace deal had seen the September 2018 peace 2019 revealed that non- communities,” it said in renews the arms embargo decease in violence, fighting accord, there is an inadequate compliance to petroleum part. “Operating in darkness along with an assets freeze in southern Central Equatoria funding and its timely management laws has prepares an enabling and global travel ban imposed province had continued. disbursement of the National worsened, leading to environment for corruption on eight South Sudanese To safe it, the focus should Pre-Transitional Committee deliberate covers-ups of to thrive, which can lead nationals for their role in turn to bringing the different (NPTC) and to the various information and increasing to looting of resources by fueling the war. It will remain security-related institutions mechanisms and institutions risks of corruption in the individual, resulting in poor active until May 31, 2020. and mechanisms closer with of agreement – lack of sector in the last three years, economic development and better understanding of effective coordination and despite the existence of strong political instability.” Elusive peace each other’s mandate and communication amongst the petroleum transparency and The report recommended It is just four months into coordination which hopefully mechanisms of the agreement accountability legal rules. the parliament to establish an the extended pre-transitional will result into expediting has been identified as one According to the report, independent body to account, period, real progress remains implementation of all the of the critical issues that only 26 percent of the coordinate and publish slow and there is risk of the pending tasks. requires urgent attention. information required by the petroleum information as process failing behind the The peace monitoring South Sudan has been petroleum laws has been provided for in the Petroleum revised schedules. body, Revitalized Joint battered socially and published in 2019, compared Act 2012, Petroleum Under the terms of the Monitoring and Evaluation economically by the long civil to 42 percent in 2016. Revenue Act 2013 and Public agreement, opposition leader Commission (RJMEC), conflict, but with the ceasefire “This seriously violates Financial Management and Dr. Riek Machar is to return Interim Chairperson, negotiated between president the petroleum transparency Accountability Act 2011 from exile to serve as vice first Ambassador Augostino S.K Kiir and opposition groups and accountability rules and respectively. president, the same position Njoroge, expressed a lot of presents an opportunity to poses high corruption and he held before a conflict concerns about the peace international and regional reputational risks,” said the Arms embargo erupted, in a power – sharing implementation, adding that companies to build a report. Due to the going killing in which must now be in place they aim at improving the sustainable economy and The report continue the South Sudan, the United by November, 2019. effectiveness and efficiency improve the lives of the says, petroleum revenue Nations Security Council President Kiir echoed that of the security sector people of South Sudan.

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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: May 16th, 2019 Contact Vincent Renee Telephone: +1 571 552 1646 Cell: +1 703 855 5246 Email: [email protected] Website: http/www.believeinafrica.org MAKING AFRICA TRADE EASY (MATE) "The African Diaspora linking U.S. and African businesses" HIGH LEVEL DIALOGUE September 5th to 7th, 2019 (Washington, D.C.)- 15 Mai 2019– strategy “Prosper Africa” as well three-day trade fair, high level BELIEVE IN AFRICA (BIA) is as advancing Africa’s economic discussions, seminars, workshops honored to announce its first and integration,” said Mrs. Angelle on how to do business with U.S. largest African diaspora gathering Kwemo, Founder and Chair of agencies, a fashion show and conference called “Making Africa Believe in Africa. cultural activities. We are expecting Trade Easy” (MATE) scheduled 500 selected high-level delegates from September 5th to 7th 2019 She added: “It is more importantly from the U.S. and Africa, dozens of at the prestigious Ronald Reagan a platform that will allow two-way speakers and exhibitors and 2,000 Building & International Trade trade between African businesses visitors. Center located at 1300 Pennsylvania and their U.S. counterparts, and Ave NE in Washington, DC 20004, therefore help strengthen mutually Believe in Africa (BIA) is an African USA. beneficial partnerships that create Diaspora-led initiative founded by wealth, prosperity and lasting jobs former U.S. congressional staffers “MATE is a collaborative and on both continents.” and African leaders in the U.S., to nonpartisan effort between the empower young Africans, promote U.S. Agency for International In attendance will be African the role of the African private Development and the Ronald Leaders from both the public and sector, harness the power of the Reagan Building and International private sectors, U.S. Government African Diaspora, educate policy Trade Center and Believe in Africa agencies, African and American makers and the public about African to unleash the African Diaspora Business Leaders, the African economic growth and highlight the potential as a catalyst for trade Diaspora, potential investors continent’s gradual rise in the global between the U.S. and African and representatives of relevant community. economies. This first edition aims international and global Institutions. To learn more about BIA visit at promoting the new U.S. Africa MATE’s program comprises a www.believeinafrica.org

240 M Street, Suite B805, Washington DC, SW 20024 Contact: email: [email protected] ; Tel: +1 571 552 1646 www.believeinafrica.org 16 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Is africa rising narrative a propaganda or a reality? By Moses Hategeka*

hy is it that largely misrepresentative of African continent real situation on the ground, Wwhich is a home as it does not factor in, the to sixty percent of world’s distribution of growth. For remaining arable land, and is instance, according to GDP vastly blessed with numerous figures, Uganda economy, utilizable water resources and has from, 2017/2018 to various agro-ecological zones, 2018/2019 expanded from, is still a net food importer and 25.00 USD billion to 29.00 is persistently failing to break USD billion, but collaborative the food import chain and government and civil society food trade deficit that it is statistical data, shows that, trapped in? poverty levels, have in the Africa’s annual food import same period tremendously bill of 35.00 USD billion, and increased, which in essence which is expected to reach implies that, the so called 110.00 USD billion by 2025, economic expansion is of no is extremely worrying. This is value to the majority of its almost the same amount, the its agriculture, also a key of malnourished and The situation is not citizens. continent needs to close its continent’s growth and undernourished families, I different in other African All African countries are power deficit, which is among development decelerator. witnessed shocked me. This is countries. Forget the rising debt- distressed and billions the key needed ingredient Currently, 250 million a vast country, which besides, GDP figures, which the of monies, they have for to make the continent people in Africa, are being almost the entire size cunning politicians and years borrowed and are meaningfully diversify its undernourished, and with of Western Europe, is the economists, base on to still borrowing from world economies. dwindling agricultural yields, world’s largest producer advance the African rising bank, IMF, China, and My firsthand accounts and skyrocketing population, of cobalt and is also richly narrative, and embark on other lending institutions of seeing extremely the continent food import endowed with uranium, extensive journey in rural and countries, to finance, malnourished children in bill, is poised to keep on diamond, gold, copper, oil, areas of many African roads, standard gauge many areas of Uganda, expanding. and other precious metals, in countries, the skyrocketing railways construction, power, Kenya, South Sudan, Burkina Two years back, while addition to possessing large poverty levels you will and other infrastructural Faso, Malawi, Ethiopia, on a research assignment, swatches of fertile lands, and witness, will surprise you. developments, with the main Mozambique, Zambia, in South-Kivu, North-Kivu, world’s second longest River, The persistent use of per aim of attracting foreign direct Burundi, Zimbabwe, and and Tshopo provinces, in Congo River, but majority its capita income as a gauge of investments, have not and are Liberia, coupled with DRC, the dilapidated human citizens are extremely very African economies growth, not translating into economic very low agricultural shelters housing thousands poor. should be discarded. It is wellbeing of the masses. The productivity, stemming from, machinery and technologies overdependence on rain, used in these infrastructural minimal fertilizer application, projects, is foreign imported, use of rudimentary tools, very few Africans are absence of use of appropriate employed in these projects, irrigation and water and a big percentage of this harvesting technologies, borrowed billions, is often and poor farming swindled through syndicated practices, accompanied corruption, involving African with agricultural policy leaders and their thieving distortions, I have witnessed cronies. in many African countries, There is no ground- casts a gloomy picture of breaking inventions, Africa’ agricultural sector. innovations, and Africa’s annual food technologies, being import bill of 35.00 USD generated by Africa’s billion, estimated to rise academic institutions, to 110.00 USD billion by meant for spurring Africa’s Traffic congestion in Lagos. 2025, is besides annihilating industrial development. All PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 17 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa the industries in Africa, are All over the continent, majorly powered by imported youth unemployment is technologies. Why is this on rise, and so is endemic so and yet we have science, corruption, both of which technology, and inter- are deleterious economic disciplinary faculties in our bombs, that have been and universities? are set, to continue exploding Research is now a major causing political unrest and growth and development destabilizing Africa growth accelerator of leading world agendas. What has happened economies. All the ground- and is happening in Nigeria, breaking technologies that Somalia, Mali, DRC, Kenya, translates into economic Ethiopia, Togo, among well-being of the citizens are others is largely a governance attained, through heavily question. investing in research. Is Almost all African leaders research financing a priority are pursuing two personal to African countries? How egoistic agendas: personal/ much does each country family wealth accumulation, apportion to research each and creating a sort of political narrative, will only become a advanced basing on GDP Ugandan based Independent financial year? Can that system/dynasty that provides reality, when the continent get growth figures, is largely Governance Researcher, research financing amount for continued enjoyment visionary and transformative deceptive, as reality on Public Affairs Analyst, and enable each country to of ill-gotten wealth even leaders, whose main agenda, the ground shows that it Writer. produce ground- breaking when not in power. Creating is to trigger accumulation is fundamentally exclusive Email: technologies to leapfrog its societal wealth is not their of an all- inclusive societal of majority of continental moseswiseman2000@gmail. forward in meeting the needs main agenda. wealth. Today’s Africa rising citizens. com its citizens? In sum, Africa rising narrative that is mainly *Moses Hategeka, is West Africa Single Currency- Is It All Hype or Helpful By Prince Kurupati n an effort to transform used by all WAMZ member Africa’s economic states. Not much was done Iprospects, the African by WAMZ however to realise continent is moving towards its objective as the body kept more integrated rules- postponing the launch of the based trade regime. On this common currency. In 2012, front, West African states realizing that WAMZ was have taken the first major not taking the decisive steps step towards economic in the effort to achieve its integration by releasing a objective, ECOWAS decided blueprint which paves the to partner with WAMZ in an way for the introduction of effort to expedite the launch the ‘ECO’, a single currency of West Africa’s common that’s going to be used by all currency (by this time, only West African states both as the WAMZ member states legal tender within individual were eager to have a common countries and legal tender in currency used in the West cross border transactions. Africa region). ECOWAS Following the release of reception that the ECO a conclusion on whether the in existence for 30 years like WAMZ in the first years the blueprint, many African currency has received from single currency will live up to now. In 2000, Sierra Leone, did move at a snail›s pace leaders and the general African leaders both those in its hype or not but first, let›s Nigeria, Liberia, Guinea- in its attempt to launch the populace from all corners of West Africa and outside has check out in more detail what Conakry, Ghana and Gambia single currency. It was only the world have welcomed the led to a media frenzy across ECO is all about. launched the West Africa in 2018 that the regional ‘soon to exist’ ECO currency the whole continent. It is Monetary Zone (WAMZ). body decided to expedite the stating that it will strengthen in light of this that in this What is ECO The main objective of WAMZ matter affirming its intention economic ties between West article, we seek to unpack The idea for a single West was to establish a common to restart and expedite the African states. The warm ‘ECO’ in an effort to come to African currency has been currency that would be process of launching the 18 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs single currency in 2020 without fail. Essentially, this was, therefore, a declaration of intent. ECO is going to be used by all fifteen countries that are a signatory to ECOWAS including the eight-member states which use the CFA franc, a currency backed by France. ECOWAS, however, says that the ultimate goal, in the long run, is to merge ECO with the CFA franc. The CFA franc is pegged to the euro. The eight countries that use the CFA franc are Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Cape Verde. ECOWAS Leaders. According to ECOWAS, ECO is going to be rolled 1. A state must region as well as the African be too strong for francophone argument that the single out gradually with countries prohibit new domestic default continent as a whole. Among countries using France currency will act as the real that meet the laid out criteria payments and liquidate any those who argue in ECO’s backed CFA franc to turn solution to external shocks joining first. The laid out existing ones favour are two economists, down hence they will swiftly and volatility, Martial criteria entails four primary 2. A state’s tax Ferdinand Backoup and move to meet entrance Belinga, author of Liberate and six secondary criteria. revenue must be equal to or Daniel Ndoye. requirements and adopt the Africa from Monetary Slavery ECOWAS member states greater than 20 percent of the Writing in a briefing for ECO as a gesture of cutting says the real impediment must meet the four primary GDP the African Development colonial ties. to trade in the region is not criteria in a single fiscal 3. A state’s wage bill Bank, the two economists the lack of a single currency year in order to satisfy the to tax revenue must equal or said: “West African countries Its all a Case of Hype but that countries don’t regional body’s qualification be less than 35 percent – like most other developing While there are those have much to trade. The requirements. The four 4. The state’s public countries – are not immune who are optimistic about real solution to external primary criteria are as investment to tax revenue, to monetary shocks caused by the prospects of ECO, there shocks and volatility is for follows: must equal or be greater than policies implemented in the are also some who find West Africa to transform 1. A state must have 20 percent rest of the world.” As such, by themselves in the opposite its economy by prioritizing a single-digit inflation rate at 5. A state must have a launching and using a single spectrum. Most notably, diversification and value the end of each year stable real exchange rate currency, West African states those who argue that the addition. 2. A state must have a 6. A state must have a would be able to put up a noise around ECO today In reference to the notion fiscal deficit of no more than 4 positive real interest rate ‘collective and effective front’ is just hype that will soon that the single currency is percent of the GDP Ghana was the first country against such disruptions. fade when the currency is meant at facilitating and 3. A state’s central in West Africa to meet all Additionally, the launched as the region’s enhancing trade between bank must have deficit of the primary as well as economists also say that the biggest economy Nigeria West African states, Sanyade financing of no more than 10 secondary criteria all the way ECO will facilitate trade, will dominate monetary Okoli who is the head of Alpha percent of the previous year’s back in 2011. lower transaction costs and policy and stall any projected African Advisory states that tax revenues facilitate payments amongst benefits. Nigeria is the ECO will fail on that front if 4. A state’s gross A Great Move ECOWAS’ 385 million people. dominant economy in West the region’s infrastructure is external revenues must give When it comes to ECO, On the politics side, some Africa accounting for two- not developed first. Sanyade import cover for a minimum there are those who argue economists argue that the thirds of the region’s GDP. Okoli said “We struggle in of three months that the single currency is not ECO will play a significant By this, Nigeria can be seen Nigeria alone to get produce To complement the four just being hyped for nothing role in cutting colonial ties to be more dominant than from the north to Lagos, and primary criteria, there are but rather, it’s a move that’s more so for francophone Germany is in the Eurozone. to other southern parts where other six secondary criteria going to be of immense help countries. The appeal to be Responding to Ferdinand it can be consumed…If goods which are as follows: to the whole West African part of an African project will Backoup and Daniel Ndoye’s can’t move freely, how can we

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talk about a single currency… implementation of reforms. we need to address poor infrastructure, bureaucracy – 2020 Date: Is it Possible the lower hanging fruits first.” ECOWAS is adamant The case of sovereignty that the ECO will come is also another impediment into existence in 2020, that that may work against the is, next year. The body is ECO. Some argue that there also hoping that all fifteen may be member states who member states will start using are not willing to cede much the single currency by the of their sovereignty to a time of its launch. However, regional body in the form of considering that there is a a single currency hence any criterion to be met before a sort of a lack of political will state can use the ECO, at the to make the ECO community present moment, it›s looking successful may be detrimental unlikely that the ECO will be West African nations that meet the criteria to join the single currency should do so by 2020 says Alassane Ouattara of Ivory Coast. or even disastrous to the ECO. launched in 2020 and highly There is, therefore, need for a unlikely that even in the be met by any if not all. Ivory Coast and Cape Verde secondary criteria. separate body to be created case that it does, all fifteen ECOWAS did say joining are the next likely states to With evidence on the which will see to it that all member states will start the ECO community will be a meet the laid out criteria for ground suggesting that the member states are willing using the single currency. As gradual process meaning that joining the ECO community 2020 deadline is not going and working for the fruition alluded to before, Ghana was those countries that manage as each of these have the to be met by the majority of the ECO. According to the first country to meet the to meet the criteria will join single currency’s criteria of a of the member states, some Ferdinand Backoup and laid out criteria for joining will those who fail will have budget deficit no higher than economists including Martial Daniel Ndoye, the creation the ECO community back to join at a later date when 4 percent and inflation rates Belinga say that people of a presidential task force to in 2011 but ever since only they satisfy the entrance of not more than 5 percent. should not look much on the monitor the single currency Liberia (2016) has managed requirements. Despite this To stratify the criteria, they deadline as its just a symbolic creation process, headed to emulate it. This, therefore, though, it›s difficult to have to meet the remaining deadline that’s meant at by the heads of Ivory Coast, means that the majority of fathom a scenario in which two primary criteria coupled pushing states to reach the Ghana and Nigeria and the ECOWAS member states two countries only (Ghana with the secondary criteria. criteria. Mr Belinga says if Committee of Central Bank have to meet the laid out and Liberia) join the ECO ECOWAS is going to assess ECOWAS is serious about the governors is a step in the criteria in this fiscal year if community at its inception country by country at the end 2020 deadline, then it will right direction. More however there are to join the ECO with 13 others left on the of 2019 looking at whether seriously need to consider still needs to be done by the community next year. A big sidelines. states have managed to revising the entrance criteria. taskforce in accelerating the ask which will definitely not Togo, Senegal, Guinea, meet both the primary and

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PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 21 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa What President Muhammadu Buhari should do to tackle insecurity By Teslim Olawore he spate of renewed Peoples Democratic Party. killings that is now The party in the wake of the Tthe order of the renewed killings claimed day in Nigeria has reached that President Muhammadu worrisome dimensions. Buhari was not concerned Nigerians are getting agitated about the massacre and with the repeated killings and clueless on how to save kidnappings by bandits and the situation. This is herdsmen in various part of unnecessary and uncalled the country. This unfortunate for as it amounts to reducing situation that has gotten the the serious issue to child’s ‹Giant of Africa› will need to play by the opposition. At be defeated for the country this time, all well-meaning to achieve its true potential. citizens must join hands However, insecurity is not with the government to end the only challenge facing the the criminality in all ways country. The poverty level of possible. I believe President Nigerians is contributing to Muhammadu Buhari must President Buhari at a meeting with his security chiefs, Nigerians are getting insecurity in the land. It is my tackle this significant security alarmed at the situations. considered opinion that the challenges that will be was that the North-East attributed deaths from more building, reconstruction and administration of President mentioned as you continue to was plunged into a severe than 5,000 in 2015 to less rehabilitation, and socio- Muhammadu Buhari must read, to restore the peace in humanitarian crisis - as of than 1,000 in the past couple economic development. make deliberate efforts to the land. 2018, one of the worst in the of years. combat poverty, which is a world - which has left about However, the war is not Herdsmen crisis root cause of insecurity. Boko Haram 7.7 million people in need of yet won, and it would be The kidnaps and killings President Muhammadu The deadly terrorist group humanitarian aid. As part a grave mistake for the by herdsmen is already a Buhari and all stakeholders has disorganized the North- of his first term campaign president to disregard the national crisis. The needless in charge of security in the Eastern part of Nigeria. For promises, Muhammadu continued importance loss of lives and massive country must rise to the a decade now the group has Buhari promised that his of the conflict. Suicide destruction of property occasion and deal decisively killed tens of thousands of government would bring an attacks and kidnappings caused by open grazing of with all those who have people and displaced millions end to the national suffering have been carried out by cattle which led to prolonged chosen to take the laws into more. About 2.5 million inflicted by Boko Haram. The the group this year. At violent clashes between the their hands. This is not the people fled their homes government made significant this time, the government predominantly Christian time for blame game as we and towns, and the direct military gains, reducing should not just focus on farmers and the mostly got from the opposition consequence of the conflict the number of Boko Haram security but invest in peace- Muslim cattle herders is said to be one of the effects of poor leadership, which is seen as a significant problem in the country. The public outcry against the atrocities of armed herdsmen across the nation has been unabated, compelling Nigerians to call on the President Muhammadu Buhari-led government to proffer a permanent solution to the crisis. With the suspension of Ruga, an acronym for Rural Grazing Area, plan by President Buhari, I think the federal government needs to re-examine the problem 22 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs it is trying to solve and find, gathered outside government perhaps, a less controversial buildings to demand the approach to it. release of their leader The Islamic Movement of Ibraheem el-Zakzaky, who has Nigeria (IMN) been in detention since 2015. The Islamic Movement of This escalating violence, the Nigeria (IMN) is an Iranian emergence of a charismatic backed Shia group in Nigeria. leader, and excessive use of The leader of the group, force by the Nigerian military Ibraheem El-Zakzaky, is are reminiscent of the rise opposed to the federal system of Boko Haram. President of government in Nigeria. Buhari has to ensure that Correspondingly, El-Zakzaky the army has learned lessons has called for an Iranian-style from how they dealt with the revolution in Nigeria. The then emerging threat of Boko El-Zakzaky has called for an Iranian-style revolution in Nigeria. group›s strong position on Haram, and make sure that these issues and their regular the situation does not repeat fund comes from the region. oil production infrastructure region, especially given the protesting has resulted in itself. In the last decade, clashes reducing production from havoc the Avengers (and clashes with security forces. between armed groups in 2.2 million barrels per day similar groups) have already However, recently, these Niger-Delta the area and the security to the two decades low of 1.4 brought to the country. clashes have become more The oil-producing Niger forces reached an all-time million barrels a day. The The federal government frequent and more violent. Delta has for decades suffered high; kidnappings were infrastructure vandalism needs to be proactive in In 2015, the leader of the sect from oil pollution, which has rife, and oil infrastructure contributed to the onset its response to the conflict was arrested, and in 2016 led to the loss of livelihoods destroyed at a phenomenal of one of Nigeria›s worst through helping to mediate a judicial inquiry revealed and sources of food for rate. In 2016, one of the most economic recessions on and deescalate the conflict that the army had unlawfully locals. The area has also prominent armed groups record. There is every reason and also through making killed 347 members of the been neglected by the federal in the region, the Niger for the government to make proper policies. group in Zaria state. government even though Delta Avengers (and other efforts to better foster peace Early July, hundreds the bulk of the country›s smaller groups), destroyed and development in the HRW accuses Cameroon security forces of raping women, killing civilians uman Rights Force, which is stationed “These latest crimes add Watch has accused nearby, killed Nche Otaghie, to a long string of abuses HCameroon security a 20-year-old man with by Cameroonian security forces of killing at least four a mental disability, and forces,” said Lewis Mudge, civilians and raped one Godlove Neba, a construction Central Africa director woman in mid June during worker, during security at Human Rights Watch. operations in the North West operations. Fru Benego, an “Instead of seeing that region of Cameroon. 80-year-old man, was also justice is done, Cameroon’s Amongst those killed killed that day by a stray authorities deny that their was an an elderly man with bullet during confrontations forces are killing and raping a physical disability and a between the soldiers and people, so it is essential to young man with a mental armed separatists,”Human remind them that the world disability, Human Rights Rights Watch said in a recent is watching.” Watch said. report. Human Rights Watch “These latest crimes add <<<<<>>>> interviewed witnesses, to a long string of abuses This footage shows the destruction of Kuke Mbomo, Cameroonian security victims’ family members, by Cameroonian security 16 miles north of Mount Cameroon. forces have killed at least medical personnel, and other forces,” said Lewis Mudge, four civilians and raped one residents who described Central Africa director remind them that the world of victimns and medical woman since mid-June 2019 the security forces’ actions. at Human Rights Watch. is watching.” personnel who testified to during security operations in Human Rights Watch has “Instead of seeing that Human Rights Watch military atrocities. the North-West region. Those not been able to access the justice is done, Cameroon’s which has not been able to “In the Alachu killed include an elderly man country since its researcher authorities deny that their access Cameroon since April neighborhood of the city of with a physical disability and was denied entry, without forces are killing and raping 12 said they had interviewed Bamenda, on July 10, soldiers a young man with a mental explanation, on April 12. people, so it is essential to witnesses, family members from the Cameroonian Air disability. Over the past three years, PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 23 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

Cameroon’s Anglophone later that afternoon he saw Fru, a 24-year-old nurse, regions have been embroiled Air Force soldiers stop Neba, and severely wounded her in a cycle of deadly violence who was on his motorcycle, 15-year-old sister in their that has claimed 2000 lives force him to dismount, home in Bamenda. Armed and uprooted almost half abuse him, and then kill him: separatists had killed a a million people from their “I work in front of where soldier near their home that homes. Godlove was killed. He was afternoon, and neighbors said Unlawful killings and stopped by the military, the killing may have been an use of excessive force by forced off his motorbike. act of retaliation. A brother government forces during The soldiers immediately who was also there managed security operations have put the motorbike behind to hide from the soldiers, they been rife since the crisis their truck.... There was an said. started. Human Rights argument between Godlove A family member said: “We Watch has documented and the military. I saw the found Carine and her sister in extensive burning of villages military stripping off his a pool of blood. Carine died by members of the security clothes and dragging him on the way to the hospital.” forces between 2017 and 2019 on the road. Then one of the A nurse confirmed to Human in both the North-West and soldiers came forward and Rights Watch that Fru had A man in Kuke Mbomo holds ammunition shells he South-West regions, as well shot him twice.” been shot in the neck. Her says were brought to kill residents.Photo BBC as killings of civilians and Neba’s body remained sister was still receiving sexual violence. on the road until residents treatment for her injuries. asked me and my neighbor, a permission. In recent weeks, In the Alachu collected it the next day for On June 21, a group of woman, where the Amba Boys Switzerland took steps to neighborhood of the city of burial. at least 20 soldiers that [separatists] were. We said mediate talks between the Bamenda, on July 10, soldiers The residents of Alachu included members of the we didn’t know, so they beat government of Cameroon from the Cameroonian Air are too frightened of the Rapid Intervention Battalion us. I was hit in the stomach. A and separatist leaders, amid Force, which is stationed authorities to lodge formal (Bataillon d’intervention soldier asked a colleague for international calls to address nearby, killed Nche Otaghie, complaints with them about rapide, BIR), killed an elderly a condom and told me to go the crisis. a 20-year-old man with the killings. man with mobility and toward the toilet. He followed Both Cameroonian a mental disability, and This is the second time, in hearing impairments and me with a gun. He said, ‘If you authorities and the Godlove Neba, a construction less than two months, that raped a 40-year-old woman scream or say anything, I will separatists should stop worker, during security Air Force soldiers targeted in Kumbo, North-West kill you.’ He raped me and abuses against civilians and operations. Fru Benego, an civilians in Alachu. On region. left. When I went back home, strictly respect human rights 80-year-old man, was also May 15, dozens of homes Several residents told I found that all my money had law, Human Rights Watch killed that day by a stray were burned and a man Human Rights Watch about been stolen.” said. The government should bullet during confrontations dragged out of his home the killing of Pa Vincent The woman was able to go immediately investigate these between the soldiers and and killed. The authorities Winkar, who was described to a hospital to receive post- killings and all allegations of armed separatists. announced an investigation as being in his 80s or 90s. rape treatment the same day. abuse, including unlawful Soldiers were deployed to into the burning of homes One man from Kumbo said: But she said she did not report and excessive use of force by Alachu after clashes between and the establishment of a “Many fled when they heard the rape to the authorities, its forces. It should permit the security forces and armed commission of inquiry to gunfire. But there was this fearing retaliation. She has human rights monitors to separatists broke out at about evaluate the material damage old father who couldn’t run since fled Kumbo. operate without hindrance 11 a.m. and continued their and property destroyed. and remained behind.” The The international and allow independent operations until about 4 p.m. The commission was due to witness, who fled when he community has become scrutiny of its efforts to One resident saw soldiers submit its report by May 24, saw the military arriving, increasingly aware of adhere to international enter Otaghie’s home but the authorities have made helped to bury the elderly the serious crimes in the human rights law. around noon. The witness no information about the man. He said: “He had Anglophone regions, despite “Security forces seem to said: “The military were all findings public. hearing problems, so he Cameroonian government have little fear of what will over, searching homes and Human Rights Watch didn’t hear the shooting. The efforts to prevent coverage happen as they commit threatening people. I saw spoke to many victims of military entered his home and documentation of brazen crimes against them entering Nche’s home, these earlier attacks. The and killed him in the kitchen. violations. The office of civilians,” Mudge said. and then I heard a gunshot. majority said that they had He was shot in the stomach.” the United National High “These attacks only further When the soldiers left, I not been contacted to register The residents have not lodged Commissioner for Human entrench the perception that rushed there and found Nche their losses, and none had yet a formal criminal complaint, Rights in 2018 requested the government cares more on the ground, outside the received any compensation fearing retaliation. access to investigate abuses about crushing dissent, real house. He had been shot in or knew of anyone in the The rape victim said: “Five in the region, raising concern or perceived, than it does the chest. We covered him neighborhood who had. soldiers broke in, beat me, about lack of access for human about protecting its people with plantain leaves.” On July 4, Cameroonian and brought me out in front rights and humanitarian and ensuring justice.” Another witness said that soldiers killed Yuo Carine of my neighbors’ house. They actors, but has not received 24 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 25 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Youths in Malawi move with rural communities in environment and energy conservation By Joseph Dumbula, Blantyre Malawi

grouping of youths conservation energy and energy conservation but the in the commercial nutrition based cropping. rather were too split. Acity of Blantyre is not In the recent projects, the The NEP in fact states taking the issues of climate grouping has worked with improving access to change, the continued communities in the area improved energy services, depletion of the environment of Traditional Authority in the Southern African and the spate of natural Machinjiri, Blantyre, in nation holds the ability to disasters in Malawi lightly. a project that saw the raise income and enhance The youths, through an communities receiving the well-being and sense of organization known as training about creation of empowerment of the poor by Youth in Agriculture for improved clay stoves known among other things; reducing Economic Development in the vernacular Chichewa as drudgery, time and effort (YAED), has been engaging Chitetezo Mbaula. The stove spent gathering traditional rural communities in areas uses less firewood to produce cooking fuel and reducing in Blantyre, Chikwawa and an amount of heat enough health risks through the use Chiradzulu - districts in the for cooking by conserving of cleaner burning fuels and Southern African nation that the heat against the tradition better cooking equipment. have been faced with huge way of firewood use which It adds that improvements effects of disasters. consumes a lot of firewood. in the availability and quality The Malawi government The project has also seen of energy services for small revealed that up to 922,990 the targeted women drilled on ‘’I think as a nation there numerous stakeholders firms and communities people were impacted by the use of the stoves towards are no coordinated and including those operating will indirectly benefit the cyclone Idai that hit Malawi ends of earning income and joint efforts made to come in rural areas towards poor by easing pressures on and neighboring nations of also meant for improved up with policies that would conserving the environment destructive natural resource Zimbabwe and Mozambique minimum environmental put those endangering our adding that there also has exploitation, particularly earlier this year. According risks. Other stakeholders such environment. As a country, to be policies that will guide the depletion of forests for to the United Nations as the Electricity Generation we have failed to end poverty industries to use clean energy. firewood. Office for Coordinating Company (EGENCO) have and people are finding solace Malawi’s National Energy Thus far, tree cutting rages of Humanitarian Affairs also opted for the stoves in earning a living from the Policy (NEP) which was on to be one overarching (OCHA), there were 56 deaths to communities that are environment by depleting launched and adopted in issue. The Riffle Africa states reported, 577 injuries and up depleting the trees along it. We need to stop cutting 2003 and few other policies that in every ten minutes, an to 82,700 people displaced Shire River in Machinga down trees for charcoal or guide the conservation area of forest like the size of and left destitute. district. The continued tree bricks curing as a source of energy in the country. a football pitch is cut down Over the decades, Malawi’s cutting around the area of income,’’says YAED Previous referential paper every ten minutes. Floods environmental concerns was identified as leading Executive Director Happy work such as the National that have been hugely been have spanned from natural to unprecedented siltation Arnold. Energy Plan in 1987 and the synonymous with the lower disasters, droughts, floods, in the river subsequently He told Pan African National Sustainable and land of Shire River in districts armyworms, excessive causing siltation which Magazine that at the moment, Renewable Energy Program of Nsanje and Chikwawa are tree cutting and lack of disturbs energy generation the government needs to (1997) have been describing associated with incessant alternatives to energy. for the entire nation power consider working with as as police that emphasize on depletion of the environment But youths, are not grids. in the Shire Highlands. tomorrow’s leaders if their In the rural communities Some of the initiatives impact is not being felt in in Malawi, people bank include the one YAED the time they are way strong on firewood and charcoal has engaged in and the enough, say members of for energy. The sustained tree planting season YAED. The adage, ‘youths depletion of trees has also notion spearheaded by are tomorrow’s leaders’ is led women, socially left the government through not what the representation with culinary tasks find it the Natural Resources of the organization believe hard to find firewood. While Ministry. Other stakeholders should be on the minds of the efforts have been intensified have also roped in having people. by various stakeholders patrols, instilling the sense They have been engaging including the donor of ownership of the forests, rural communities in community, conservation continued media coverage conservation agriculture, energy appears to be left out. and sensitizations. 26 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Models of a Dialogue Assembly By Mwalimu George Ngwane o much ink and spittle nation’s edifice. Hopefully the have been spilled outcome would be to build not Ssince 2016 on the need break, heal not hurt and save for a Dialogue platform or not sink a new or amended Assembly to seek sustainable architecture that guarantees a solutions to the current positive peaceful coexistence. crisis. However both the A constitutional model form and the content of requires first and foremost such an Assembly are still the expertise of constitutional shrouded in conjectures and statespersons guided by the speculations. A few models of input of informed citizens and or approaches to a Dialogue the religious implementation Assembly would help state of policy makers. What this and non-state actors who therefore suggests is that a believe in creating dialogue constitutional model is one spaces make decisions,reco that goes straight ahead to mmendations,proposals, and convening a constitutional implementation benchmarks Mwalimu Ngwane speaking at the House of Lords. forum in the guise of a that hopefully should Dialogue Assembly. resonate with the aspirations The predominant issues the upper indaba. It is more win-win constitution. Indeed Holistic model of the citizenry. Models on the table are, but not or less like a nation’s lower most governance grievances This is a combination identified below do not exclusive to, power-sharing or upper houses excerpt that emanate from biased of the national and the include those targeting trade reconfiguration, resource in this situation this is a new power-sharing structures constitutional models. It unions or socio-professional allocation, governance call for new voices with a new (hypercentralisation, aims at seeking solutions to a groups. The focus here is paradigm shift, electoral vision in a new dispensation. clientelism,personality cult, national crisis in tandem with on grievances of a national reforms and geo-political A top-down formula could and the culture of patronage constitutional grievances in character where the Dialogue grievances. This model may also give room for selection and prebendalism); the hope that justice, good Assembly is both dynamic be in the form of a bottom-up by the central powers of unbalanced development governance and peace shall be in process and structured in formula in which discussions representatives based on geo- (unfair resource allocation, restored. This model reminds event. and representations are political balance, state and non-compliance with the us of the Tripartite Talks of National model held at the lower indaba” non-state actors, partisan and law of derivation, critical 1991 in Cameroon where the A National model can be (subdivisions or divisions), non-partisan considerations development deficiencies draft electoral code and the referred to as an inclusive medium indaba” (provinces, and sometimes parochial and poor national economic draft decree on the access of national dialogue, a broad- regions, kilils, states), and interest. For the top-down agendas);truncated political parties to the official based dialogue or simply a upper “indaba” (nation’s formula to have a semblance historical and constitutional media were the main items National Conference. This capital). This bottom-up of legitimacy, those selected manipulations (periodic on the agenda. However model seeks to debate issues three-tier formula gives the would have to first hold constitutional tinkering, even though the government on a national scale. It often citizens a voice and visibility consultations with the lower skewed perception of nation had emphasized that there occurs when a country is in at all levels and helps to and medium indaba before building, flawed prisms of would be no additions to the throes of a national crisis filter grassroots petitions any upper indaba Dialogue binary and multiple identities the proposed conference (power vacuum, military into the national receptacle. Assembly. and civil war). A constitutional agenda, four Anglophone intervention, pre and post It gives value to democratic model only succeeds when participants attending the election agitations, national entitlement as virtually every Constitutional model the citizens and especially conference in different insurgence or civil war) and geopolitical locality feels This model is born out of the the state actors identify the capacities pulled out after the is in search of a national their articulations are being need to engineer or negotiate source(s) of the governance rejection of their proposals restructuring. Like in the taken into consideration a constitution that would grievance. Without pride or relating to the constitutional African palaver theory where and conveyed faithfully to bring back aggrieved parties prejudice, power or pretence, concerns of the Anglophones. the village sits under a tree to government. On the other within the mainstream of the falsehood or fanaticism, Yet the 18th January 1996 agree or disagree until there hand, a top-down formula body-politic. Such a Dialogue the political elite have an constitution was born from is a consensus, the national would require an election Assembly is often linked to a obligation to discuss all the the 1991 holistic model. It model attempts to take into of representatives from the governance or constitutional details of rancor and requests is important that the focus account all the frustrations medium indaba who carry the grievance whose solution can that may have shaken the of a holistic model be on a and demands of citizens. concerns of their people to only be found in fashioning a very foundation of the balance between the national

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 27 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa and the constitutional, so Conclusion none eclipses or dilutes the Dialogue Assemblies other. To this end the choice are not new to the African. of participants should reflect Indeed Africa’s palaver a fair mix of state actors, civil tradition is informed by the society, aggrieved parties and fact that it is only by sitting constitutional experts. under the tree or an open market square can people Whatever Model talk sincerely, listen actively, Research reveals that six confront creatively before political context factors play reaching a consensus. Trees a decisive role in whatever and market squares are today model is chosen. First, the especially in urban settings political elites can for self or metaphors for halls called group interest stand on the in most of Southern Africa Story 12 Pic 2. The ongoing armed conflict in the English speaking North West way of governance reforms. “indaba”, in Lesotho “kgotla” and South West Regions of Cameroon started as a peaceful protest.jpg Even when far-reaching and in some East African agreements of a model are the model if there are delays homegrown or indigenous as corrective measures that countries “mbuza”. These are arrived at, the political elite in implementation. Therefore expertise. No country should would avoid stalemates all indigenous expressions of may either reverse the gains a lack of buy-in by the public ignore the role of neutral, and deadlocks even though modern community dialogue of the agreements or refuse often results in the resurgence impartial and inside-outside it is rightfully argued that assemblies where debate their implementations. of the initial governance local facilitators who have deadlocks are mere signposts about the state and future of Still to this end aggrieved grievance. Third, the presence firsthand knowledge of the to restrategising. Lastly society are determined. The parties without any linear of regional or international dynamics of the grievances. whatever model is chosen outcome is to restore sanity in coordination can torpedo mutually accepted and Fifth, many countries have the aim is to stop talking past a fragmented or failed society the agreements because of credible facilitators helps in had repeated occurrences each other and start talking to by charting a way forward for internal wrangling. Second, whatever model is selected. of governance grievances. each other. The aim is to hold justice, development, growth frustration from the citizens Fourth, there is always a Experience from these hands and not guns. and positive peace. may hinder the progress of merit in what is known as occurrences should serve A Memo to Paul Biya, President of Cameroon on: The Urgent Need for Public Policy Mediation and Negotiations in the Ongoing Armed Conflict in the Anglophone Regions of Cameroon By Rev. Fr. Wilfred Emeh

ow did we get and judicial policies, that are here? foundational principles of our H It has been co-existence, was the main nearly three years since the cause of the Anglophone unprecedented outbreak uprising. This was a glaring of the Anglophone crisis neglect of pertinent policies in Cameroon - a crisis that on equal partnership, the has dealt a heavy blow preservation of cultural on the facets of life of our heritage and identity of beloved nation. The UN has each region as stipulated reported nearly 2,000 deaths, by the union-agreement property has been destroyed, between the Francophone schools have been torched, and the Anglophone regions. and uncertainty looms as Father Wilfred Epie Emeh. Evidently, this failure of thousands of people continue Thousands of families have that include mass arrests and acquired arms, and targeted policy implementation was a to live in misery. The been displaced, and many brutal force and extrajudicial the military and security symptom of more profound devastation on our economy others have become refugees killings at a time when officers, in what has become ailments within our political and human resources are in foreign lands. peaceful civilians merely a full-blown armed conflict institution that favors inestimable; businesses have How did we get here? The sought to express their in the Anglophone regions of corruption, marginalization been forced to close, and escalation of the ongoing grievances against the ruling Cameroon. and social injustice. The talented citizens continue conflict is consequent upon government. Over time, In retrospect, crass failure implementation of policies, to flee their homeland. grave administrative failures insurgent groups emerged, to implement educational especially those that are 28 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

mediation and negotiation should identify the main neutral arbiter in the policy are enormous; it brings rival groups and extend an mediation process. This is together policy experts from invitation to them. no longer an internal affair international platforms What must we do? as often claimed by some who will forge the path to a • Amidst these overzealous political pundits. lasting resolution. Usually tumultuous times, political The constant refrain by policy mediation fosters leaders need to rise beyond Anthony Guiterez, Secretary deliberations among parties personal feelings, hurt, and General of the UN, that that represent every aspect mistakes of the past and look Africans should solve their of a situation, supported by at the bigger picture: the own problems, is unrealistic, expertise as needed, resulting future of our children, peace, perhaps even bizarre. We President Biya has remained largely silent in the in agreements that avoid and stability are priceless. It would be repeating mistakes face of unprecedented crisis in Cameroon. unintended consequences is time to demonstrate true of the past to the detriment (Podziba, 2019). leadership by involving the of human life and human constitutionally founded, are cracking down on political Another important benefit grassroots in a process of dignity. essential in the democratic activists and insurgents, of policy mediation is face- dialogue that can bring real • A decentralized decision-making process of the latter seem resolved to to-face deliberations that change in Cameroon. Richard form of government every nation. resist and fight back to the promote civil discourse. This Box (1998) explains that should be considered to Despite the current last ounce of their blood. It is quite different from the finding a way to equitably better serve the needs of situation, it would be in our is rightly said, “as hunters vitriolic attacks and incivility resolve differences is a key the people, which would national interest if all parties have learned to shoot without that we have also witnessed interpersonal skill, opening devolve power and control resort to the public policy missing, birds will have no on social media platforms, the door to more citizen- to the local communities, mediation process which is an choice but learn to fly without spewed by both the oriented governance. For limiting the concentration of inclusive, transparent process perching.” government spokespersons elected leaders and public management of the nation’s of negotiations among Consequently, our people and opposition groups. service practitioners, this resources in the hands of a government agency officials are hurting. Worse still, Negotiation and policy means a flexible attitude few high-positioned officials. and diverse stakeholders that both the government and mediation are bedfellows, toward change, shedding of By shifting control rights often results in consensus the separatist forces seem encouraging the willingness protective feelings of personal from the central bureaucrat agreements rooted in to be on extreme ends of the of both parties to shift turf, and a willingness to (who otherwise acts like an nuanced understandings of political spectrum. Clearly positions with a clear focus on engage in open dialogue on unregulated monopolist) a conflict (Potziba, 2019). without any strategies or a win-win outcome. During issues facing the community to a local government, This memo largely seeks to plans for a resolution, an successful negotiation, (as cited in Denhardt et al., decentralization typically identify the root causes of the already precarious economy emotions are separated 2014). tends to expand service current crisis and propose is worsening by the day, while from the factual basis of the • The time for blame deliveries as authority goes to recommendations for a swift armed bandits continue to problem, shifting the focus games is over. It is urgent for those more responsive to user resolution of the ongoing terrorize and harass hard to the benefits without the warring factions to come to needs (Bardhan, 2002). armed conflict. working civilians. pride of clinging to positions. the negotiating table in a spirit Where are we? Brief theoretical framework Lines of communication of sincere dialogue that allows In conclusion, our nation So far, the government’s There is urgent need for are opened, paving the way deliberations on all options must strive toward good approach and tactics have public policy mediation, toward rational analysis of including federalism. The governance. Most armed been futile; attempts to set up which should include arguments, discussion of current efforts being made conflicts in Africa are caused a bilingualism commission revisiting the political roots concessions and pursuit of to host an All-Anglophone by bad governance. All over failed no less than the of the problem in a spirit compromise to the benefit of Conference (November 21- the world, people naturally authoritative leadership style. of dialogue, conferences everyone. 22) is commendable. These rise against regimes that On the other hand, opposition and negotiation. “In several Understandably, the ruling kinds of initiatives - notably deprive them of their groups have engaged in Western democracies, government has an uphill dialogues led by civil society, rights and privileges due to propaganda and destructive attempts have been made task in initiating dialogue whether secular or religious institutional corruption. In ideologies. Several factions to find a way out of these with diverse opposition - should get strong support retrospect, armed conflicts in have emerged with multiple problems by trying out new groups, some of which have from governments and Nigeria, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, pseudo-leaderships, void of forms of conflict resolution been tagged as terrorists. international organizations, just to mention a few, were any clear sense of direction. based upon negotiation and This must be dealt with including the U.S., the all linked to bad governance. Civil rights activists are in participatory procedures such initially as it is the outcome European Union, the African The United Nation Children’s jail while young people have as policy dialogue, consensus of the delegitimization of Union, and even the Vatican. Fund notes, “corruption been radicalized. The future conferences, participatory the premier civil rights The International Crisis and bad governance were is bleak as there seems to be technology assessment, consortium. A committed Group has recommended the among the causes of war. The no real leadership on either mediation, or facilitation” public relations bureau of Catholic Church as potential majority of the people had no side of the aisle. And, while (Holzinger, 2001). the government with sound mediator of the crisis. voice in the government and the government persists in The benefits of policy knowledge on the issues • There is need for a no opportunities in life and so PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 29 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa they were easily provoked to Bardhan P. (2002). J., & Blanc, T. (2014). Public Podziba, S. L. (2019). M. S., Law, S. H., & Azman- violence” (as cited in Yiew et Decentralization of administration: An action Conflict, Negotiation, and Saini, W. N. W. (2016). al., 2016). Good governance governance and development. orientation (7th ed.). Cengage Public Policy Mediation in Does bad governance cause is key to mitigating armed Journal of Economic Learning the Trump Era. Negotiation armed conflict? International conflict. Empirical studies Perspectives, 16(4), 185–205. Holzinger, K. (2001). Journal, 35(1), 177-181. Journal of Applied Business show that countries that Retrieved from https://pubs. Negotiations in public- Staff, C (2018). Cameroon and Economic Research, uphold democratic principles, aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/ policy making: Exogenous cardinal helping organize 14(6), 3741-3755. where corruption is under 10.1257/0895330023 barriers to successful dispute conference to tackle Rev. Wilfred Emeh is a control, where law and order 20951037 resolution. Journal of Public Anglophone crisis. Retrieved doctoral student in Public is maintained, where the Birkland, T. A. (2015). An Policy, 21(1), 71-96. from https://cruxnow.com/ Administration at the people are served accordingly, introduction to the policy Konings, P., & Nyamnjoh, global-church/2018/08/04/ West Chester University in are less vulnerable to armed process: Theories, concepts, F. B. (1997). The anglophone cameroon-cardinal-helping- Pennsylvania. His area of conflicts (Yiew et al., 2016). and models of public policy problem in Cameroon. The organize-conference-to- concentration is governance making. Routledge. Journal of Modern African tackle-anglophone-crisis/ and armed conflict in Africa References Denhardt, R., Denhardt, Studies, 35(2), 207-229. Yiew, T. H., Habibullah, African Energy Chamber, oil executives pay courtesy visit to President Macky Sall BY EMMANUEL OKOGBA*

Mouhamadou Makhtar Cisse. and equity”. N.J Ayuk is also The African Energy the CEO of Centurion Law Chamber is looking forward Group which recently scored to working with various a first in South Sudan where African civil society groups it brokered the release of 15 to fight issues of modern- inmates in an unprecedented day slavery. And all of these presidential pardon. starts with us creating an environment where all are *Courtesy of Vanguard treated with fairness, love, Nigeria

xecutive Chairman is a reminder of the inhuman families that continue to earn of the African Energy conditions in which African unworthy wages. EChamber, N.J Ayuk slaves were treated for over The high powered meeting and top oil executives three centuries. The whole with President Sall had paid a courtesy call to the island was inscribed on the discussions centered on Senegalese President Macky Unesco World Heritage list transparency, local content, Sall during a symbolic visit to in 1978. empowering women in the oil Goree Island. “Slavery was a sin and and gas industry and creating Goree Island was a huge a crime against humanity. an enabling environment slave holding facility and at Visiting Goree Island should for investors. During the the center of the European remind us that slavery meeting, the president slave trade from the sixteenth continues when we shrink assured them of his drive to century until 1848, when civic freedoms, encourage make the Senegalese oil and France abolished slavery. legislation that stifles gas industry become more Countless African slaves dissent, stand idle by on viable for investors. Also in passed through the island rising populism that has attendance at the meeting for centuries on their way stirred xenophobia, limit was CEO, Africa Oil and to the US, Haiti, and Cuba. opportunities for Africans Power, Gulliaume Doane and The oldest building on the and women in oil and gas and Senegal’s recently appointed African Energy Chamber Delegation. island, the House of Slaves, put a blind eye on African minister of petroleum, 30 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

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PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 31 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa The African Energy Chamber Debunks the Senegalese USD$10 Billion Scandal that Never Was The potential royalty figures referred to in the programme are wholly inaccurate and exaggerated beyond the realm of reality

OHANNESBURG, South Africa, July 29, J2019/ -- The oil and gas industry is well known for being a very capital-intensive industry. The likes of BP, Exxon-Mobil, Saudi Aramco or Shell, routinely make the top-ten of the world’s largest companies by revenue, and the figures can be so strikingly large as to cause confusion from the point of view of the individual. That could have been a possible explanation for the BBC’s Panorama show’s outlandish claim over an alleged USD$10 billion “scandal” taking place in Senegal and involving the highest levels of government after allegedly doing some administration might have terminal unit of natural not only outlandish, it is and most of the country’s extensive due diligence and happened under suspicious gas. The reporter decided irresponsible, and reveals main oil and gas players. It assessing the “proven track- circumstances, as the BBC to round up the figure to a thorough ignorance of was either that or the sheer record” of PetroAsia, which alleges, and might certainly USD$10 billion, for no other how the oil and gas industry necessity to present an over- backed Petro-Tim. Timiș later be worth investigating, reason than to make the title functions. sensationalized view of the sold much off its license to which president Macky of the story more appealing, I It is somewhat ironic that facts for the sake of audience Kosmos Energy, another well- Sall has already initiated. believe. when, during the half an shares, which I liked to known exploration company That, however, is no reason Now, let›s put that figure, hour reportage, the BBC believe was beneath such a with an impeccable track- to demonize the whole of which is allegedly to be paid journalist shows opposition respected media institution. record. After massive natural the country’s oil sector and to one single individual, MP Mamadou Lamine Diallo If not let’s see. Panorama’s gas discoveries were made in produce false claims that into perspective. Senegal’s a sheet of paper with the story covers the sale and the company’s two licenses, jeopardize the work being annual gross domestic BP logo featuring what the acquisition of two offshore Timiș sold his remaining done to develop an industry product in 2017 amounted reporter claims is a scaling oil and gas blocks in Senegal shares to global oil company with the potential to bring to USD$16.37 billion. From payment sheet of royalties by a company named Petro- BP for a reported USD$250 considerable wealth, jobs and a corporate point of view, BP, due to Timiș (BP has since Tim, an unknown company million and some undisclosed economic development to which ranks as the world’s said it “does not recognise registered in the Cayman “royalty concessions”. After this impoverished nation. seventh biggest company the document shown that Islands as a subsidiary of some share exchange with and has operations all across referenced these figures”), another ghost-like global Kosmos, today, BP controls The Figures the globe in several different Mr. Diallo’s reaction is one entreprise named PetroAsia an operating 60% stake in the The BBC states that BP sectors, recorded record of disbelief, looking around resources. Petro-Tim is Cayar Offshore Profond and paid USD$250 million for profits in 2018, more than and repeating the sentence controlled by Frank Timiș, St. Louis Profond licenses, Timiș’ share of the two oil doubling its 2017 earnings, at “is this true?” several times. a Romanian-Australian with Kosmos retaining 30% licenses, but that besides that the tune of USD$12.7 billion. Well, it is a question worth businessman with a rather and Petrosen, Senegal’s hefty figure, Timiș was still In light of these values, asking, for it can not be true. cloudy reputation, to put it national oil company, entitled, or “could receive” the statement that BP had As BP stated, and industry extremely mildly. controlling the remaining as the narrator tells us, to agreed to pay Timiș the sum standards confirm, “the In 2012, former president 10%. anywhere between USD$9 of USD$10 billion as royalties potential royalty figures Abdoulaye Wade and his Now, Timiș initial and USD$12 billion dollars for his former minority stake referred to in the programme economy minister Karim acquisition of the in royalties, depending on in two non-producing natural are wholly inaccurate and Wade approved the deal licenses during the Wade the price per million British gas licenses in Senegal is exaggerated beyond the 32 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

realm of reality”. Whatever poverty and bring economic the government of Senegal a scale depending on how this story would be drafted in royalty agreement it has with development to the nation. and the license holders, much oil or gas is being such sensationalistic terms to Timiș “would be less than one It causes uncertainty for which the story deems as so produced. Within that scale, involve companies that are percent of what the Republic investors and raises political damaging for the Senegalese the Senegalese state receives well-known for its adherence of Senegal would receive. instability. coffers. between 35% and 58% of the to anti-corruption and due And again – very importantly It also perpetuates the First of all, when the initial production. On top of that, diligence procedures. It is – anything paid would not image that the oil industry concession contract was we must consider Petrosen’s also strange that the reporters in any way affect the agreed is inherently destructive for made for these two licenses, 10% participation, which would choose to so blatantly share received by Senegal”, African nations like Senegal, Senegal had no relevant can be expanded, under the attack political leaders that since it would be paid from ignoring considerable commercial oil and gas contractual conditions, to were not even in power when BP’s share of profits and does evidence of the contrary, and discoveries at all, particularly 20% if there is a discovery. the deal was done, and that not being stolen from poor smudges the reputation of in the high-cost deep offshore So, at a 20% share, Petrosen have been responsible for Senegalese people, as the some of the most regulated region. This represents a could receive between a ground-breaking reforms story claims. companies in the world by considerable added risk to minimum of 8.4% (20% of that are already producing accusing them of knowingly investors and is commonly 42%) and 13% (20% of 65%) of benefits for the Senegalese The Agenda supporting corrupt deals associated with more the production. Once divided, economy. Further, this report is when all the information favourable contract terms the production kept by the Senegal is well on its way unfairly damaging on several about the deal has been than other proven oil regions. producing companies is taxed to become a de facto oil and fronts. It perpetuates an submitted and evaluated by Nothing new there. Within as profit by the State at a rate gas producer by 2022 and image of inevitable chronic the Securities and Exchange this context, the contracts of 25%. To sum it up, the with it, billions of dollars will corruption in African business Commission in the United covering the exploration and Senegalese state will receive be injected in the Senegalese that so many African leaders, States and other oversight production of Cayar offshore anywhere between 61% and economy, supporting job including president Macky institutions without raising Profond and Saint-Louis 74.8% of all production creation and economic Sall, having been working any flags. Finally, it seeks Offshore profond foresee coming from these licenses. development in a country that hard to reverse by promoting to attack the work made that once first oil or first gas What the BBC has said to still depends mostly on a non- good governance and by president Macky Sall in is attained, the operating have been described as “the industrialized agricultural transparency. It jeopardizes trying to promote foreign company can recover up to most generous (contract) in sector. Senegal’s efforts to the many efforts made in investment and economic 75% of its extensive operating the industry”, even though it develop its oil industry and its recent years by the current development in Senegal. costs from the production never said who described it economy should be supported Senegalese administration to profits. After costs are that way, seems very much and lauded by international promote the development of The Contract paid for the production is standard for the region. well-informed observers and an oil and gas industry that Finally, let us look at the divided between the state Within this framework, it not harmed by inaccurate could help lift millions out of actual contract made between and the license holders in is difficult to understand why reporting. Anadarko announces FID on Mozambique LNG project By Arnaldo Cuamba.

nadarko and its has 5,000 workers on-site partners formally progressing works associated Atook the Final with the construction of a Investment Decision on their resettlement village, camp 13 million tonnes per annum expansion, airstrip, and LNG project at a ceremony in Palma-Afundi Highway. Maputo on 18 June, attended President Filipe Nyusi, by President Nyusi and heads who witnessed the signing, of state from across the declared the ceremony was region. The $25 billion project “the guarantee of exploiting a — which will be financed resource that is fundamental with $11 billion equity and for the development of $14 billion debt, is not only Mozambique. Today the the largest direct foreign present meets the future”. investment in Mozambique, He called for “calm and but in “in the history of this good sense” and recognition continent,” Anadarko chief Gov and area 1 partners Anardako. that “the results will not executive Al Walker told come today or tomorrow. attendees. He said the project The Area One LNG project (known as “trains”) on the producing 12.88 million They will come with time”. should ultimately double involves the construction Afungi Peninsula in the Cabo tonnes of LNG a year. At Expectations needed to be Mozambique’s GDP. of two liquefaction plants Delgado district of Palma, present the Area 1 facility managed, since “we must PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 33 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa take into account that the pleased to announce it today”. return on the investment will The Under-Secretary of take time”. Economic Affairs in the US “We must know how to Department of Commerce, take advantage of our natural Karen Kelley, said the resources to invest in key “historic partnership” sectors such as agriculture, between the Mozambican agro-processing, tourism government and Anadarko and infrastructures, as well will open opportunities for as social sectors such as further US investment. “Our education and health”, said presence here shows that Nyusi. He hoped to see rural we believe in the growth of households advance from Mozambique in the long subsistence agriculture to term”, she declared. commercial farming Since October 2017, an The Mozambican unknown armed group has government, he added, is been terrorizing the north well aware that development of Mozambique with rogue cannot be managed in an attacks that have left over Filipe Nyusi at the ceremony. environment of political 200 dead and many villages uncertainty or insecurity, and destroyed. its activities, but resumed in that northern province of terror among the people of pledged continued efforts The attacks occur mostly on May. The group decided Mozambique. Cabo Delgado.” to secure effective peace, at night and in the early to suspend activities last At the ceremony, President French oil major, Total, through the government’s morning in remote parts of February after an armed Nyusi said his government is expected to lead the Area dialogue with the former Cabo Delgado province, near attack occurred in the region is aware that development 4 development from 2020 rebel movement Renamo. the border with Tanzania. of Palma, which killed one can not happen “in an onward, after Anadarko Al Walker told the Armed with guns and worker and injured six atmosphere of political accepted a takeover offer by fellow US independent Occidental Petroleum. Occidental plans to sell Anadarko’s sub-Saharan Africa upstream assets – including the Mozambique LNG project – to Total in an $8.8 billion deal. The Area 1 block is operated by Anadarko Mozambique Area 1, Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Anadarko Petroleum group, with a 26.5% stake, ENH Rovuma Area One, a subsidiary of state-owned Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos, with 15%, Mitsui E&P Mozambique Area1 Ltd. (20%), ONGC Videsh Ltd. (10%), Beas Rovuma Energy Mozambique Limited (10%), BPRL Ventures Mozambique President Filipe Nyusi witnessing the signing Anardako. BV (10%), and PTTEP ceremony “We are not talking machetes, group members others. The deceased was mistrust and insecurity,” Mozambique Area 1 Limited about an opportunity that invade a village, shoot and an employee of Portuguese saying he was committed to (8.5%). comes once in a generation. decapitate people, set fire to construction group Gabriel achieving “effective peace” This goes beyond that and houses, steal food, and run Couto, which was hired in in the country, and doing is something for several away to the nearby forest. October 2018 to build an “everything to ensure that generations, and we are very Anadarko had suspended airfield in Afungi, a peninsula armed groups cannot create Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected]

34 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 35 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Egypt protest the selling of 3,000-year-old statue of King Tutankhamun in London for over $6million By Amos Fofung

nce again, another taken out of Egypt illegally time Egypt has raised worries historical African ... They have not presented over the illegal acquiring and Oartifact has fetched any documents to prove sale of its historical artifacts. millions of dollars to otherwise,” Waziri said. Last January, a section of a Europeans merchant. “We aren’t going to stop, tablet that was stolen from On Thursday, July 4, we are going to keep following the Karnak Open Air Museum London auction house these guys, even the (buyer). in Luxor in 1988 was Christie’s went ahead to We are going to keep asking successfully recovered and sale the 11-inch sculpture of again and again (for it to be returned to Egypt after being Pharaoh Tutankhamun for returned),” he added. listed for auction in London. some £4.7 million ($5.97 The auction house weighed The Egyptian Ministry million). into Egypt’s claims saying; of Antiquities had been Despite the outcry by “while ancient objects by monitoring international Egyptian authorities who their nature cannot be traced auction houses for its artifacts engaged in talks with over millennia, Christie›s has for a long time now. UNESCO and the UK Foreign clearly carried out extensive Egypt is not the only Office in London to return the due diligence verifying the African country whose statue, the controversial sale provenance and legal title of artifacts are sitting in a dark went unperturbed. this object.” room of a rich man’s house in Tutankhamun, was King of «This is a black day Europe or America. Nigeria, ancient Egypt at 9, until his for archaeology because Benin, Ethiopia, and South unprecedented death at 19, The statue is said to have features reminiscent of Tutankhamun is the king of Africa among others are all Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Credit, Christies. from around 1333 B.C. until the kings,» said Zahi Hawass, hunting for the recovery of around 1323 B.C. After it was revealed that Council of Antiquities, told Egypt›s former Minister of their missing artifacts catered His tomb, situated in the his statue had been put for Reuters he was disappointed State for Antiquities Affairs. by European explorers and Valley of Kings across the Nile sale, Egyptian authorities the sale was going ahead, «The whole world has to be merchants from Africa. River, is famous for having embarked on a mission to despite requests for angry because there is no We gathered that Egyptian been discovered relatively recover the artifact which information and protests ethics here…This piece has to authorities are gearing up intact, and for containing they say was collected under from government officials be in a museum, not to be in a engage in a legal battle; efforts thousands of impressive doubtful means. and Egypt’s embassy in dark room of a rich man,» he all geared at recovering the artifacts which continues to Mostafa Waziri, secretary- London. told CNN. lost historical treasure. startle Egyptologist. general of Egypt’s Supreme “I believe that it was This is however not the first Rwanda's VUP safety net restores resilience for the most vulnerable By Jean d’Amour Mugabo

gnes Mukankusi, the elderly Mukankusi recounts cover my eye checkup bills 64-year old resident from her home in Kibenga twice a month and invest the Aof the rural side of Cell, Rutunga Sector of rest in farming activities,” Kigali City, lost sight four Gasabo District. she says. “I wonder what my years ago. Before joining She receives Rwf18,000 living conditions would be the Vision 2020 Umurenge (about $20) every month if I was not admitted in the Programme (VUP) in 2017, from the VUP Direct Support VUP.” Mukankusi would hardly put scheme which consists of a She says she also uses food on the table. Her house monthly direct cash transfer the money to help her was being destroyed but for very poor households who granddaughter to go to school she wouldn’t afford to get it cannot work. by providing her with the VUP beneficiaries work on a road in Nyamagabe repaired. “At the beginning, I used school materials and school District, Southern Rwanda, in February 2019. VUP is the flagship of the money to repair my house. feeding contributions. Rwanda’s social protection aim of eradicating extreme advising me to beg on streets I can’t buy a cow but I can live More VUP beneficiaries programmes. It was poverty by the year 2020. and markets but I refused and save little by little. I use said the programme’s established in 2008 with the “Neighbors had started as it was out of my values,” part of the VUP support to earnings have helped improve 36 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

their livelihoods, stand labour.” income-generating projects resilient to small shocks, do Many other VUP and buy farm land.” saving and accumulate assets, beneficiaries have told Pan afford children’s education African Visions that they lived Poverty levels drop needs, among other benefits. in despair without hope for As many other Sub- tomorrow but their welfare Saharan Africa countries, VUP raises saving started changing since they Rwanda has kept a low culture got onto VUP scheme. Thanks income status for long but Edouard Nkundiye, to the VUP earnings, they are the country’s economy even 82, says his family live now able to meet their basic fell further into turmoil after on Rwf12,000 from the needs and save some money the 1994 Genocide against the Government’s direct support for starting small businesses Tutsi which claimed over one and the savings from VUP or buy livestock. million lives and devastated support helped him to buy Orphaned Wellars the country’s infrastructure pigs and a bull calf. He lives Hakizimana, 19, who lives and economic resources. with his wife and grandson with his younger brother in When the second in Uwindekezi Cell of Kibilizi Mpanga Sector of Kirehe Household Living Conditions Sector in Nyamagabe District, District managed to buy a Survey (EICV2) indicated Southern Rwanda. bicycle at Rwf45,000 from that poverty rate was at 57% “When the old age caught VUP earnings in his first year in 2005/06 while 36.9% me and my wife, we failed on the scheme. He keeps Rwandans lived in extreme to till the land; then VUP doing VUP classic public poverty, the government and Wellars Hakizimana and his younger brother have came in to support us with works and makes at least stakeholders started charting been able to withstand life shocks of losing parents, Rwf60,000 at first which I Rwf1,000 daily by carrying a strategy to ensure that thanks to the VUP. used to buy a pig. The pig people and goods on his the population in extreme produced six piglets, I sold bicycle. poverty could meet their 30 sectors, one in each district and 36.9% respectively in some pigs and bought this Justine Gatsinzi, basic needs, and that led to of the country, and every 2005/06, thanks to the VUP bull calf at Rwf100,000 in Division Manager for Social the VUP in 2008. district went on selecting and other programmes. order to get manure for our Protection Programmes The poverty line was set at its next poorest sector for The VUP Qualitative farms,” says Nkundiye. at Local Administrative Rwf250 per adult per day or inclusion in the programme Evaluation commissioned “If it wasn’t due to this Entities Development Agency Rwf90,000 per adult per year every year. by the Ministry of Local VUP support, my family’s (LODA), reaffirms the VUP while the extreme poverty The programme has four Government and UK’s life would now be a misery has improved the living line was at Rwf175 per adult pillars: direct support that Department for International or I would even be dead conditions of many citizens. per day or Rwf63,000 per currently covers 416 sectors Development (DFID) in now because we earn all “Most of them can save and adult per year to enable of the country, classic public 2018 indicated that key our livelihoods from VUP this saving is reflected in the one to buy a minimum food works that covers 244 sectors, factors promoting livelihood support. When I hear that way they buy small and big basket of 2,500 kcal per adult expanded public works that opportunities are the our cash has been deposited livestock, home equipments; per day. The average income covers 150 sectors; and regularity of income from on the bank account, I get they improve their houses, of the poor was Rwf150 per financial services available in the VUP direct support, happy and go to withdraw it they rent farms, they buy adult per day. 271 sectors. availability of public works and start paying for the farm seeds to grow, they start small The VUP was launched in The National Institute of employment throughout the Statistics of Rwanda indicated year, and reduced and flexible in the fifth Households Living hours on expanded public Conditions Survey (EICV 5) works especially for women released in December 2018 and people with disability. that the VUP benefits 4.4% of The VUP started with the households in Rwanda. budget of Rwf4 billion in The EICV5 VUP Panel 2008 but the funds went on survey shows that 49.9% of increasing to reach Rwf30.4 the VUP beneficiaries were billion in 2012/2013 and poor in 2016/17 compared it is currently at the tune to 54.2% as measured by of Rwf45.3 billion in the the EICV4 VUP survey of 2018/2019 fiscal year. It has 2013/14. EICV5 also shows so far benefited around 1.5 38.2% Rwandans were in million people countrywide, poverty and 16.0% in extreme according to LODA. poverty in 2016/17. The rates Nkundiye feeds his calf he bought with savings he made from the VUP have dropped from 57% earnings. PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 37 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Book on Zimbabwe's frequently asked questions about climate change launched By Wallace Mawire A booklet titled: knowledge on climate change Zimbabwe’s frequently asked According to Zhakata, questions about climate people in the rural areas change has been launched in are often accused of being Zimbabwe with support from primitive and relying more partners involved in assisting on their traditional beliefs, the country to combat the indigenous knowledge and climate change crisis. spiritual beliefs. According to Mr “These are sometimes Washington Zhakata, problematic when trying Director, Climate Change to manage climate change Management Department issues such as evacuations in the ministry of Lands, ahead of disasters, departure Agriculture, Water, Climate from historical ways of doing and Rural Resettlement things such as planting dates, Climate Change Management Department director Washington Zhakata. the initiative was started by times to be working in the author Anna Brazier and conditioned boardrooms, ward levels have difficulties government prepares fields amongst others,” he supported by the Konrad rural folks who constitute the in translating climate issues to implement devolved said. Adenuer Stiftung (KAS). majority of the population in into the languages spoken by programming and He said that one of the It saw the first version of Zimbabwe have largely been people they serve. devolution approach to reasons for the so called the book being published excluded from the climate He said that sometimes work, it is critical for the resistance to change is simply before being reviewed by discussion. it is really not necessary climate resources including lack of information. several eminent authors from “This is partly due to for the officials including information, education and He says that the booklet Zimbabwe’s top universities, language issues, complexity extension staff to be bogged communication material on will provide quick answers captains of industry and of the subject and poor down by translation issues the climate change subject to to people’s frequently asked government departments. infrastructure including which come at the expense be in local languages which questions on climate change. Highlighting on the energy and communication,” of implementation of the people are comfortable with. It also provides local importance of the book, Mr he said. climate issues. Zhakata added that this insight of Zimbabwe’s climate Zhakata said that whilst much Mr Zhakata added that “The use of vernacular necessitated the translation of priority areas, impacts as well of the climate discussions most experts, including therefore becomes critical,” the booklet which empowers as interventions that can be have been confined to government officials at Zhakata added. people, especially the rural teak-furnished and air- provincial, districts and He added that as the folks with information and Denis and Lenora Foretia Foundation Celebrates International Nelson Mandela Day By Boris Esono Nwenfor he 2019 edition of the the South West and North International Nelson West Regions and Former TMandela has been Secretary-General at the commemorated by the Nkafu Presidency of Cameroon, Policy Institute-a think tank David Abouem A Tchoyi, under the Denis and Lenora Human Rights Lawyer Foretia Foundation. The Barrister Felix Agbor Balla, event to celebrate the former Dr. William Arrey, Madam President of South Africa Fri Lehfune Asanga, Interim took place July 17, 2019, at CEO and COO of the the ST Muna Foundation in Denis and Lenora Foretia Yaounde. Foundation respectively The event was attended by amongst others. a host of personalities such Foretia Foundation›s COO Fri Asanga hands the Nelson Mandela Memorial In the inaugural Nelson as the former Governor of award to Cardinal Tumi, represented by Father Michael Tchoumbou Mandela Memorial lecture, 38 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Barrister Nico Halle speaking on the theme «Nelson Mandela-A fighter for justice and human rights said peace, dialogue and concertation are important for solving a crisis in the world. According to him, there are no known nations in the world that solve a crisis by using violence. Barrister Nico Halle called on the participants at the event to change their mindset henceforth and follow in the footstep of former President Staff of Foretia foundation, guest speakers and participants during the Mandela. “If our mindset International Nelson Mandela Day does not change, then we did not come to celebrate Nelson Assembly declared the 18th o the Anglophone crisis. social media but can›t even and human rights in the Mandela”. “Africa is usually of July as «Nelson Mandela According to him, an all- register and vote.» country. synonymous to power. They International Day» in inclusive dialogue should be The same sentiment was For the past year, Cardinal arrange all the time to always honour of Nelson Mandela›s implemented. shared by Madam Suzanne Tumi has brought together be in power, while there contribution to peace and He added: “never again Bih Awenti, who called for religious leaders from are people we are making human rights. Following will one group of people children to be allowed to go various denominations under money when there is a crisis that declaration, the UN marginalized and oppress back to school. «Education the Anglophone General anywhere”. joins the Nelson Mandela another. The fear now is very important and is a Conference to brainstorm He added that Nelson Foundation›s call for people however those who were holistic approach. It irks on ways of putting down Mandela was well recognized worldwide to spend 67 oppressed are becoming me when our children proposals for an inclusive for his fight for peace and minutes every July 18 to the oppressors. We gave to are deprived of going to dialogue to end the crisis human rights while indicating acknowledge and celebrate abandon our individual goal school». «We must value in the North West and that Mandela was a selfless President Nelson Mandela›s for a general one, while peace education and revisit the South-West regions of person, sacrificing himself for contribution and dedication is something very important”. kind of education we give our Cameroon. The conference telling the truth which most to peace and human rights. Barrister Balla further children». has however suffered a series people can›t do. «…Africa is This year›s conference indicated that children Cardinal Tumi wins 2019 of postponement but an on her knees because we have comes at a critical context as should be allowed to go back Nelson Mandela Memorial indication from one of the refused to love each other. Cameroon, once described as to school in areas where Award officials is that things are There cannot be any peace a heaven of peace in Africa security is much better. His Eminence Christian going on behind the scene. at all without justice and it has been sinking into a spiral He, however, did not regret Cardinal Tumi named The International Nelson cannot be neglected. Peace of conflicts. calling for school boycott the 2019 Nelson Mandela Mandela Day which comes is a weapon for the wise and but said however the school Memorial award, edging out up every July 18 was used by it was what Mandela used to Experts advocate for boycott has turned out is not Politician Edith Kah Walla the staff of the Foundation become great while violence back-to-school what they had earlier wanted. and Achaleke Christian. to do community assistance. is used by the weaklings». During the panel discussion Barrister Balla’s message Receiving the award on A family of 11 who lived in a Barrister Nico Halle was on «Nelson Mandela›s fight to the youths was simple behalf of Cardinal Tumi, single room in the nation›s presented with a certificate of for justice-what lessons and clear: «youths should Father Michael Tchoumbou- capital Yaounde with recognition for championing for the peace process in be active in politics by personal assistant to the humanitarian assistance peace in Cameroon by Fri Cameroon», Barrister Felix registering to vote and Cardinal thanked all those provided. The family›s Lehfune Asanga, Chief Agbor Nkongho proposed changing their country and who voted for the prelate present condition is as a Operating Officer at the various measures Cameroon should not be social media and said it is a call for all result of the absence of peace Denis and Lenora Foretia should put in place to bring politicians-those who spend Cameroonians to join hands due to the crisis in Cameroon. Foundation. She further a long-lasting solution most of their time criticizing advocate for peace, justice called on him not relent his efforts in fighting for peace and justice. While receiving the award, Nico Halle promised to do more and not to rest until peace returned to Cameroon. Infinity Health Care Services, LLC In 2009, the UN General www.infinityhcs.com PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 39 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

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40 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs South Sudan vows to end early child marriage By Deng Machol uba - South Sudan has 44 and 45-49 to 52 percent launched a program for the 20-24 age group. This Jaimed to ending early is an erratic trend across age child marriage and pregnancy groups, survey said. by 2030 in the restive country However, child marriage after years of war, poverty is almost equal in urban and starvations. and rural areas, it added. The campaign, officiated Regional variations about 40 by the organization run by percent of young women aged the first lady, Ayen Mayardit, 15-19 were married in 2011 Concern South Sudan with the highest proportion in partnership with the of marriages happening in United Nations Population Jonglei State [67%] and the Fund (UNFPA) launched lowest in Central Equatoria, under the theme: “Let’s Lakes, Warrap and Western join hands together to end Bahr el-Ghazal regions First Lady Ayen Mayardit. early child marriage and respectively. pregnancy in South Sudan,” In South Sudan, is very have a stake rights of to all politicians to continue The proportion is also saw various government complicated, traditional, adolescent girls, including with the campaign of ending higher (59%) for women officials and leaders from the marriage underage girl is a preserving their dignity child marriage in forum.” without education compared humanitarian agencies start pride in all tribes of South by eliminating early child Deng Deng Hoc, Education to 2015 for women with a fundraising initiative to Sudan. and forced marriages and Minister, says child marriage secondary and tertiary support the fight against early In the same breath, ensuring access to youth- is a global problem that cuts education. child marriage and pregnancy the UNFPA country friendly health services across countries’ regions and “We shall continue to in the country. representative, Dr. Mary to protect young from ethnicities. advocate for girls’ rights South Sudan which Otieno pointed out that child unintended pregnancies as Child marriage is one of to education, to economic seceded from Sudan in 2011 marriage is a gross human well as sexually transmitted the wide spread violations independence and to be after the decades of civil war, rights violation in the global. infections and HIV,” she said. of children rights in South whatever they aspire to be concurred with 2013 violence, “Child marriage in South If eliminated, this will Sudan. It is a serious problem because young women and has a colossal record of early Sudan affects over 40 per cent create a potential to improve with serious consequences girls are powerful, equal and child marriages in the horn of of girls’ nations,” said Mary. South Sudan economic that need a critical attention, they are badass,” said Aya Africa due to poverty caused It’s a gross human rights development and harness the said Minister Deng. Chebbi, African Union (AU) by the conflicts. violation which constitutes demographic dividend. This phenomenal practice, Youth Special Envoy. Noting Taban Deng Gai, South a grave threat to young girls’ Mary further argued that Deng said it is the cause that about 150 million [girls] Sudan vice president, lives, health and future millions of girls do not have an of fistula of which about will be married in childhood described the event as a prospects putting them at accessed the skills, knowledge 60,000 cases of fistula are in Africa if we do not do milestone and starting point risk of violence, poverty, HIV and opportunities due to the being handled now across the anything about this; if we do for the country to calibrate and complications related early child marriage practice, country. not act now.” the positive approaches that to pregnancy and childbirth something that would enable According to the 2010 will find a critical solution to which in developing countries future generations to be lifted household survey, 7 per cent Fathers blames early child marriage practice. like South Sudan are main out of poverty. of women aged 15 – 49 are As the battle to eliminate “Early child marriage causes of death among 15-19 Ms. Jemma Nunu Kumba, married before age 15 and 45 early child marriage are negatively affects our year-old girls,” she added. ruling party’s Acting percent of women aged 20- blatant in the East Africa’s country’s economy and will The UNFPA head also Secretary General, urged all 49 married before the age of youngest nation, the fathers lead to inter-generational registered her unwavering the actors to join in fight early 18. Although, there is a small in South Sudan have been cycle of poverty,” said Taban. intervention in this noble child marriage across the variation across age groups blamed for perpetuating the “It is therefore, our duty journey and fight to end early country. from those who married vice. to ensure our children are child marriage, to ensure that “It is one of strategic plan to before age 13, the percentage In another development, safe, provided with better there is zero child marriage in protect girls,” said Nunu. We of women 15-49 who married in workshop organized by education, health and South Sudan by 2030. join hands together to stop before age 18 varies from 32 ministry of culture and sanitation,” he added. “To ensure that women early marriage, we appeal per cent in the age group 40- youth together with Crown

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the Women Organization much need to done to the young girls are empowered the concerns in the world urge fathers to stop marriage with support from the fathers so that they can view to have an access to youngest country that off their daughters at young United Nations Population their daughters as source of education; empowered to be has frustrated the early age.” Funds (UNPA) to enrich the incomes, especially among economically independent marriages’ agents’ efforts This practice is common participants in ending early rural communities. and have a freedom of choice to reduce mother and child in African countries, but marriage in the country, the In the same workshop, of their partners,” said Aya. mortality. particularly in South Sudan is Culture, youth and Sports Aya Chebbi, AU youth Envoy UNFPA representative, The UNFPA has been in written in the hearts of South Minister, Ms. Nadia Arop emphasized that putting to an Dr. Kidane Abraham, says the forefront since then in Sudanese as good practice Dudi says mothers of young end early marriage in Afica in developing countries like ensuring the practice put into due to their existence cultures girls do not have a strong say required empowerment of South Sudan, every pregnant an ends in South Sudan and and norms, which need some when it comes to decision the women to have an access women believes she will die that has given hope among critical civil education in both on girl child marriage, but to education and to become during child birth due to child producing age women in rural and urban areas. With fathers do. economically independent, marriage and poor access to some parts of the country. high illiteracy in the country, “Fathers of young girls as well as have a freedom of healthcare. Executive Director of parents think dowry are much are the ones behind early choice in regards to whom He added that the vice, Crown the Women, Ms. importance than education. marriages not mothers,” they want to marry. “child marriage” has to stop Riya William registered that Therefore, the parents’ Nadia stated this week in She further said the for its remains devastating many women and young girls mindset must be changed and Juba. country’s better future on women’s health in South especially in rural areas are then empowering the young Despite that, Minister depends on ending all forms Sudan. ignorant of their rights and girls – this will create drastic Nadia said much should be of violence against women “Everyday women die while child marriage practices. change in the community and done and young girls. giving birth and this should “Young girls are highly may pave a way to eliminate To change the mindset “Child marriage will never happen,” said kidane. vulnerable to early marriage the early child marriage. of fathers, Ms. Nadia says not end until women and Child marriage is one of in South Sudan,” said Riya. I S. Sudan launches its first mobile Money platform, creates new jobs By Deng Machol

Juba - South Sudan has Michael Makuei, said this will launched its first-ever mobile ease financial transaction in phone-based money transfer the country’s existence in five service, aims to easy cash – plus years of war and graft. flows transactions and to Minister described it as a create new job opportunities great achievement, urging the in the world restive country, m-Gurush to be conformed last week in Juba. with the rules and regulations However, trading under and laws of South Sudan. the brand name m-GURUSH “The most important part (m-for mobile and GURUSH of this ICT sector is not a for money in Arabic), the new money making but it is a mobile commerce platform is services to our people – we a joint partnership between need to rendering an effective South Sudan’s own Trinity and efficient services to our Technologies Limited, a local people,” said Makuei. “It tech firm, and Zain Telecoms will provide better service South Sudan. to people who are badly in The product is licensed by need, so many people have the Bank of South Sudan and country. a SIM card on the Zain is available on UUSD and on been moving all the way to the National Communication South Sudan has become network. Once the SIM has a Mobile App that customers come to Juba to receive their Authority of South Sudan 92nd in the global among the been inserted into the card can download from the money but with m-GURUSH to roll out Mobile Money countries operated mobile slot of the mobile device, Google Play store. definitely the services will Services. Users with no money platform services. users can make payments and In his keynote speech, reach our people whoever bank accounts can access m-GURUSH is a virtual transfer money to vendors South Sudan information, they are and this is very the numerous m-GURUSH banking system that provides and family members using Technology and important on the other hand, outlets distributed across the transaction services through SMS messages. The service Communication Minister, our people will be getting

42 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

need to carry cash now that the country has embraced on mobile money. “Our mission is to transform South Sudan through technology. We expect to create thousands of jobs to the citizens of the country,” said Raja. “We expect to roll out mobile services in South Sudan to create not less than 20,000 to 30,000 new jobs – it is going to stimulate innovation in the country.” All the money that will be in better,” he added. Payments, Airtime top up and The m-GURUSH and economic growth for circulation and transaction in Makuei appealed to the money transfer services.” said representative says it will millions of unbanked citizens m-GURUSH will be banked m-GURUSH to sensitize the Mr. Joseph Arinaitwe, Trinity work closely with network across the width and breath at Equity Bank – Kenya - public about m-GURUSH Technologies Vice President, partner and the Government South Sudan, enabling based private bank operating services. adding that m-GURUSH is in reaching Small and enterprise development, new in South Sudan. “M-GURUSH you have further supported by a state- Medium Enterprises and employment opportunities “We are going to be holding a very big tasks to do, you of-the-art platform ensuring the underserved population, and uplifting the living the pool account which is a need to sensitizes the people system stability and a great including female customers standards amongst the youth trust account, which means of South Sudan, including customer experience. with relevant and tailored and the entire rural and urban that we will be holding all regularization of the “Today, we celebrate a great products and services. population of the country. the money that deposited in m-GURUSH works,” said milestone. This is a dream Any business that is legally Mr. Arinaitwe said m-GURUSH in trust for the Minister Makuei. comes true – and to ensure registered in the Republic besides the money transfer benefits of the customers and The launch of m-GURUSH people of South Sudan, of South Sudan can apply business, the new features agents of m-GURUSH. As signals the start of a major the financial landscape to become an m-GURUSH on m-GURUSH money will people transfer money from shift in the mobile money has now been changed Mobile Money Agent in any of enable the company to fully one wallet to another, the industry in South Sudan, for a best and forever,” he the 32 states South Sudan in tap into the mobile commerce money will still be sitting in which will promote broad said. “m-GURUSH is not partnership with Zain telecom business in South Sudan. the bank account up until it is digitization of the economy: only about technology – – South Sudan. m-GURUSH The m-GURUSH will also written from an agent that is mobile money customers m-Gurush is about positively offers affordable rates to its be used for the government in the only time the money will will not just have access to impacted lives - as we rolled registered customers who can making payment and reduce get out of the account,” said an account, but rather to a out the services, we would send any amounts between the use of cash and eliminate Victor Omondi, Equity bank full suite of services that are like to assure the people that 1 Pound and 100 Pounds for paper – based payment. representative. relevant to their daily lives, the transaction – the way, FREE. Customers can self- m-GURUSH will work in Dr. David Nalo, Chaired encouraging them to keep they will interact with money register for m-GURUSH by partnership with Zain telecom of Finance and Economic their funds in digital form – the way, they will move dialing *355# on their mobile as the mobile operator in the committee in the national and building resilience to money – the way, they will Zain mobile phones. The country. parliament, asked the financial shocks. receive money, will be more cost of sending between 501 Zain telecom m-GURUSH management to “We are not just launching convenience, will be safe and pounds to 1,000 pounds at representative, Wilson Lado, be steadfast in averting any a brand name today. The secure – this is our pledges 15 South Sudanese Pounds. stated massive benefits the case of money laundering m-GURUSH money mobile and the commitment to great Customers can send and citizens stands to reap from through their system. commerce platform presents people of South Sudan.” receive up to South Sudanese the partnership. “I hope; you will stop a complete transformation For South Sudan’s most £100,000 per day and hold a “We believe that we bring all those who want to from your first interaction vulnerable, especially balance of £200,000 in their people together, connecting launder money through with it, which is a simple, displaced persons and mobile wallets. Customers services and as such mobile m-GURUSH because for us easy to use customer friendly women, the benefits of can also pay for goods and money is one of the services as a government, we would access menu that makes it fast mobile money are real and far services using m-GURUSH and we as Zain want to assure not want people who are and convenient for customers reaching. m-GURUSH will PAY at registered merchant that each and every person in laundering money in the and dealers to carry out actively pursue partnerships outlets countrywide. the rural area can be able to region to temper with our transactions. The platform with the Government and Mr. Arinaitwe further send money,” said Lado. m-GURUSH,” said Nalo, provides consumers with a humanitarian organizations explained that m-GURUSH Richard Raja, Trinity adding that the government robust offering of products to ensue ease of access to will drive financial inclusion Technologies Limited want to see a revenue that will that cuts across, Service affordable financial services. and economic empowerment Director, says there is no join the non-oil revenue to be PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 43 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

flowing to the East Africa’s 2013, killed nearly 400,000 youngest country’s coffin. people and uprooted four More so, Information million people from their Minister Makuei says the homes. government will continue to President Kiir and key license more companies to opposition groups, including offer mobile money services Dr. Machar reached a fragile in the interest of better ceasefire and peace deal in service delivery to the people September, 2018, promising of South Sudan. to end the political violence, “It is all up to m-GURUSH but plans to form a power- to exert more efforts and sharing in May, this year were capture the market before delayed after there was no other players join,” said funding to disarm, establish Makuei. The market is a free cantonments, rehabilitate economy in South Sudan and integrate militias and Communication Minister, Michael Makuei, says this will ease financial and there is no room for rebels across the country. transaction in the country in five plus years of war and graft. monopoly and anybody who fails checks out. of its revenue from oil and as it tussles to rebuild its wreckage of a five-year civil The country gets almost all has been boosting production devastated economy from the war, that broke out in late Brilliant Idea But A Few Years Late: c

By Prince Kurupati

imbabwe and its Authority (ZESA) has been ministry have stated that the MW Hwange Power Station the deficit, the country has citizens are no implementing a very tight country’s power challenges expansion funded to the tune to import from countries Zstrangers to hardships load shedding problem which are set to continue for several of US$1.5 billion by China such as South Africa, be it political, economic sees most locations spread years. Speaking at an annual Exim Bank. The project is Zambia, Mozambique and and social hardships. across the country spending congress of the Confederation set to be completed by March the Democratic Republic of Ever since the turn of the 17 hours every day without of Zimbabwe Industries, 2022. Congo. While this is normally millennium, Zimbabwean power. The only exceptions secretary for energy and According to data from the the case, everything is not citizens (barring, of course, being critical institutions power development Patson energy ministry, Zimbabwe normal at the moment in the rich and powerful) have such as international airports. Mbiriri said the country can generates 1,300 megawatts the country and as such, been bedevilled by different While the challenge expect to suffer longer and (when all is normal). The out of the 1,300 megawatts challenges every single day. presented itself only as more frequent power cuts for 1,300 megawatts, however, that it should be producing, Politically, Zimbabwean recent as June 2019, there years. According to Patson do not meet the demand Zimbabwe is only generating citizens have lived in constant is cause for concern for all Mbiriri, at the moment, as the country needs less than half of 1,300 fear of a highly paranoid Zimbabweans as senior the country is pinning its 2,200 megawatts per peak megawatts. To compound government, economically officials from the energy hopes on the ongoing 600 consumption. To cover for the already pitiful situation, they have had to deal with foreign countries are now the currency uncertainty refusing to grant the country challenge (mostly volatile electricity owing to unpaid wise) and socially, they have debts. had to deal with grand and Combined the above has petty corruption vices. As if created a situation in which the above challenges aren’t the power utility only has the enough, a new and utterly potential to supply less than a devastating challenge has quarter of what it›s supposed emerged, that is, power to supply when al is normal. outages. Faced with such a problem, For over a month now, the Zimbabwean government starting in earnest at has been busy identifying the start of June 2019, and assessing different Zimbabwe Electricity Supply alternatives in the view to 44 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

address the power problem. One of the alternatives that has gained traction and is largely being talked about in governmental circles and also among the public is the creation of solar farms. The solar farm alternative marks a different trajectory from previous alternatives that Zimbabwe so fit when it was faced with the same problem in previous years. Namely, in 2016, the government decided to ease power challenges the country was facing by establishing make profits, they had to essence, can be termed for all Zimbabweans both Overall and above, there is a the Dema Emergency set tariffs at 0,22 or 0,23 US sustainable. However, it›s present and those to come in need starting at the earliest to Diesel Peaking Power Plant. cents per kWh. This meant important to note that solar upcoming years. review electricity tariffs. This Though the Dema Emergency the consumers had to pay farms are more affordable Solar farms do not just help is a practice that’s supposed Diesel Peaking Power double what they normally when factoring in the in lighting up the country, to be ongoing at all times Plant managed to ease the paid. Acknowledging that ‘economies of scale’ concept. they also do have many other including when solar farms country’s power problems at charging such as exorbitant This simply means that a benefits. Most notably, solar become fully operational. the time, it proved that it’s fee would not be welcomed proportionate saving in farms by nature require large By constantly reviewing its not a sustainable solution by the consumers mainly costs is gained by increasing areas of land, on average, 25 tariffs, the country’s power cost-efficient-wise. The plant households, the government the level of production; for acres of land is required for utility will ensure that it was highly expensive to run decided to subsidise the Zimbabwe to truly realise every 5 MW installations. manages to break even at all and maintain. It relied on electricity tariffs which then the ‘cost-efficient’ benefits of Such vast tracts of land can times so that it does not fall diesel which is an expensive saw households paying the solar farms, it has to begin only be found in rural areas further into debt as is the case commodity. The plant also average price of 0,13 US cents building solar farms at a and by building solar farms in now. At the moment, ZESA required regular maintenance per kWh. larger scale. rural areas, the government charges US$0.028 (according to keep it running which was Against such a It›s no secret that the idea will create employment to current Inter-Bank rate) doubly expensive, on one background of previous to build solar farms comes opportunities for the many per kWh. This despite the part, the personnel required expensive alternatives, rather late as the idea is only idle rural youth, women and fact that it costs US $0.11 per to maintain the plant were it›s only expected that the starting to emerge when men. Creating employment KWh to produce electricity experts commanding huge Zimbabwean government the country is already in in rural areas will, in turn, locally and slightly more paychecks and secondly, when looking for another darkness. It would have been address the rural to urban when it comes to importing. spare parts to keep the plant alternative as a solution better to prepare for this day and ‘rural to South Africa’ Such mismatch in pricing running were costly and in solving the crippling (times when there are heavy migration which has left only means that ZESA is imported hence they required power challenges would power outages) in advance many rural households with continuously falling into debt a huge outlay of the scarce opt for a more sustainable rather than to wait for the a dearth of productive people. with no prospect of getting forex. and affordable alternative problem to strike before Additionally, solar farms out of the situation anytime While the above two hence the reason why solar doing what›s necessary. Be can also expedite the rural soon. Reviewing tariffs factors meant that the Dema farms have gained traction that as it may, its nonetheless electrification program that in an effort to make them Emergency Diesel Peaking as a possible long-lasting a smart move that ought ZESA established several competitive will also help the Power Plant was expensive for solution. to be appreciated by every years back but has been many registered Independent the country’s power utility to Solar farms in comparison progressive citizen. The hope fi9nding hard to complete. Power Producers (IPPs) as run, it also put a huge burden to the Dema Emergency is that the government will Installations of the solar well as other energy investors on the government as it had Diesel Power Peaking Plant not dilly dally in paving the panels at a solar farm are to operationalize their to heavily subsidise generated are similar in that both way for the first solar farms done above the ground. What operations as they currently power. After all expenses had are expensive to start but to be built. All efforts now this therefore means is that do not see the business sense been factored in, in order different in that solar farms ought to be concentrated the land beneath the solar of operating when selling for the power utility running are cost-efficient in running in making solar farms a panels can still be utilized power at tariffs that do not the Dema Emergency Diesel once everything is in place. reality in Zimbabwe so as to for other purposes such as see them break even. Peaking Power Plant to Therefore, solar farms, in create a future that’s great animal grazing.

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 45 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

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46 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Making Agriculture Work For Africa: Inspiring Next Generation of Farmers By Anthony Awasom *

lobal food demand development. Addressing (IFC), agriculture is forecast to double these challenges will require is a $5 Billion Gby 2050. Meeting collaboration through global industry, this need equitably and knowledge, skills and supporting 500 sustainably will require mobilising capital to promote Million farmers innovation throughout the inclusive and sustainable and responsible for entire food system, from the business models. 10% of consumer sourcing of raw materials to With a couple billion spending. Over ₁⁄₃ processing and packaging, to more people estimated to of all food that is the evolution of consumption join the global population in grown is wasted. By patterns and waste. Changing the next few decades, world 2032, food demand demographics, including the food production could use will increase by growth and urbanisation an upgrade. Africa has a 20%, driven by of the global population, key role to play: agriculture growth in the is just one of many factors is her biggest industry and developing world, threatening food security in asset, but much of Africa’s and that food the 21st century. agricultural land is currently production will Climate change has the underutilised. Crop yields need to increase by potential to derail progress in could be increased with more 70%. rural economies and disrupt efficient farming techniques African supply chains. Ensuring and new equipment — Development Bank the safety and quality of but that would require Group (AfDB) Anthony Awasom.jpg food remains a paramount investment capital, which is alarmed that Africa concern, often an obstacle for farmers. spends $35 Billion annually Billion net by 2030 of which that youth are looking for: a with direct impacts on According to International on food imports, a figure that we have 65% of the World`s profitable, lucrative business human, economic and social Financial Corporation is expected to increase to $10 uncultivated arable land. that uses technology and Agriculture in Africa has a leverages all their skills, as massive social and economic well as an enterprise that footprint: more than 65% uses Social Media, Feature of the population of sub- and Smart Phones, Big Data, Saharan Africa is smallholder Artificial Intelligence, IoT. farmers, and about 30% of There is need to leverage sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP on emerging technologies comes from agriculture. and trends like AI, Machine Yet, Africa’s full agricultural Learning, Blockchain, Drones potential remains untapped. and Robots to do more In a recent analysis, with less. It is imperative to Mckinsey determined that leapfrog. Africa could produce two to To do this, youth must three times more cereals and see the monetary value in grains, which would add 20% agribusiness, by leveraging on more cereals and grains to the these available technological current worldwide 2.6 billion tools and innovation ofcourse tons of output. which requires capital. Africa has been left out in Increased access to several industrial revolutions. education and new forms of We can›t afford to miss the agriculture-based enterprise fourth industrial revolution mean that youth can be a (4IR) and must be very vital force for innovation in impatient about it. family farming, increasing To fix this trend, African incomes and well-being agriculture requires a re- for both farmers and local branding, to carry that appeal communities. PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 47 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Without access to finances, Director, Private Sector African youth will not be Partnership Development for able to purchase quality Nutrition, Bill and Melinda agricultural inputs and make Gates Foundation. the much-needed investments ‘Traceability helps that are necessary to create farmers raise a standard the agriculture young people and get certifications, which are yearning to partake results in more demand and in. Presently, even though satisfaction from consumers, agriculture contributes 30% hence more profits’ Bruce of Africa’s GDP, it attracts Blakeman, Vice President, less than 5% of lending from Corporate Affairs, Cargill financial institutions in “Traceability can support Africa, leaving young farmers smallholder farmers in starved of the capital they applying for microfinance by need to operate modern-day building data and increasing agribusiness. the credibility of the farm.“ Today, Africa’s youth make Krishna Kumar Founder up 65% of the continent’s and Chief Executive Officer, population. Yet, many of CropIn Technology. them want nothing to do “From a financial with agriculture, because it perspective, food loss and is tedious and «dirty». To waste represent 940 billion many, agriculture is unsexy. dollars of economic loss every It is for the illiterate and the hand, have an incomplete drudgery but an opportunity in Africa to increase overall year.” Ruth Thomas, old. assessment of their risk, to use creativity, earn production and also Director, Global Agribusiness Such a glaring distaste for especially with potential employment and build strong improve productivity using Alliance. agriculture by the youth, even borrowers who have no credit communities, coupled with mobile centric applications Written by Anthony under the projections by the history. Lenders also lack supporting new agricultural accessible both off and Awasom, with excerpts from African Development Bank data and tools to predict their ventures that use tech, online (using smartphones Mckinsey Company report that Africa’s farmers and return on investment. biotech, and rapid exchange or feature phones - USSD) and contributions from Prof. agribusinesses could create “Building a platform of information to make the that allow them to manage Esther Ngumbi, a Plant a trillion-dollar food market for risk-sharing is key most out of agriculture. the value chain of their crops, Biology PhD student at UC by 2030, should concern to upgrading farming The good news is that pre and post-farmgates, Davis all the African agriculture practices,” says Munther across Africa, the private automate payments from end *Anthony Awasom is stakeholders, including Dahleh, a professor of sector is leading the charge consumers. an independent business African governments and the electrical engineering and by investing in youth led Such platforms will consultant focusing on private sector. computer science at MIT and agricultural technologies promote sustainable, energy, agritech and IoT. Many African farmers lack director of IDSS. In order startups, which, according ethical practices and He is also a self-taught, the capital to invest in yield- to create such a platform, to Forbes, have taken up empower small farmholders, self-motivated purpose increasing upgrades like Dahleh and the IDSS team a record $19 million in local communities and driven goal achiever with new irrigation systems, new aim to better predict the investment. surrounding economies. an in-depth marketing machinery, new fertilizers, value of employing advanced To drive change and The end consumer also management and business and technology for sensing farming practices on the revolutionarise this sector, benefits from the increased development background and tracking crop growth. production of individual investors should look traceability, trust and that produces business results The most common path to farms. This prediction needs at powering blockchain transparency provided and delights stakeholders. capital is bank loans, with to be accurate enough to enabled farmer to consumer on these platforms that He is an AfrOptimist, and land as collateral. This is incentivize investment from agricultural marketplace for contributes both to their an advocate for economically an unattractive proposition economic stakeholders and African farmers, perhaps bottom line and the viable projects for Africa that for farmers, who already the farmers themselves, who starting with the $100 Billion communities where goods are are renewable, regenerative, bear the many risks of are in competition with each Cocoa market for instance, sourced from. responsible, sustainable, and production, including bad other and may be reluctant to and expanding into other soft “There is a 1.2 trillion dollar resilient. weather, changing market share information. commodities such as coffee, opportunity for nutrition. Twitter: @anthonyawasom prices, or even the shocks of Complementing this will cotton cashews and grains. If that’s not an opportunity, geopolitical events. be the need to fund programs Another focus should be nothing else will be.” Lenders, on the other that brand agriculture not as to empower local farmers Kamel Chida, Deputy

Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 48 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Kenya: 'Man up', a highway to grave By Samuel Ouma | @journalist_27

hildren were highly management positions in valued in the companies and organizations. Ctraditional African “In 1980 Kenya began a society. Birth was the first programme called girl child rite of passage and there was empowerment. Women great joy when a child was organizations were formed. born. This new life would be Entry points for university welcomed with ululations and admission were lowered in celebrations by the parents, girls favour. By diverting neigbours and relatives. They attention to girls and women, would eat and drink together boy child has been forgotten, and also bring gifts for the not intentionally but by newborn child. default. Ladies have become Before children became more empowered; they hold fully grown, they underwent top positions in organizations serious education where in the country,” said Mr. they were enlightened about Edwin Maina. their roles, good behaviors In a bid to bridge the gap and customs of the society. consequences of negligence they are discouraged from source of many behavioral between men and the entire Boys would be taught by the by the society, parents, speaking their feelings and problems in today›s students. society, Mr. Maina came up older males such as uncles guardians, relatives and even sharing their challenges. “As a teacher and boarding with an initiative dubbed as and grandfathers whereas by the government. Society If one attempts to share master, I encountered a lot of Men Challenge Africa. The the girls would be taught expects much from them even his problems, they are told behavioral problems among initiative provides a platform by grandmothers and other the impossible ones. to man up. Moreover, they students. These include where male child shares his female relatives. Boys and men no longer go through mockery and bullying, absenteeism and tribulations and the like- Children were considered as have place in the society. ridicule. An attempt to cry rudeness.» minded people provide the source of wealth, security Before 1980s women and attracts rebuke. Due to lack of «When I took time to solutions. and family propagation and girls were the inferior in the proper guidance most young engage the boys, I realised In an interview with Pan were expected to eventually society. They were denied men end up caught in vices that 80 per cent of the African Visions, Edwin take care of their aged rights to education, freedom such as drug abuse, violence, problems originate from narrated how he has been parents. They were thus of association, expression. crime, sexual immorality and home.» moved by the predicament keenly observed and any Their place was in the gambling. As attention shifts on girl boys/men go through in the form of misbehavior attract kitchen. They were betrothed Edwin Maina, a counselor child empowerment, the society. punishment. at an early age without their and high school teacher is boy child was left to his own “I became concerned about In the past, children were consent. the founder of Men Challenge devices. Without hope or the plight of men from my precious and were well taken Later, the sun dawned on Africa, an organization that social support, depression background (Central Kenya). care of. In the modern era them when the activists stood works to help at risk young and trauma followed. A high Many are not productive, live by contrast, children have up to fight their rights via men become better citizens. numbers of boys reportedly frustrated lives, their homes started being perceived as movements and campaigns. He believes the home is the have dropped out of school, are broken and drink illicit baggage. Many parents dump All these efforts have yet little effort has brew. I wondered what I their children with the house borne fruit as the been taken to find out could do to give these people helps. They leave very early influence of women the reason. hope,” he noted. when their children are asleep is felt all across the Edwin Maina, Edwin attributes his own and come back late at night so country. founder of tribulations as the trigger that playing insignificant roles in The contrast of this MenChallenge led to the formation of Men their children›s growth. is that the male child A study conducted Challenge Africa. One unfortunate result has been neglected. It by a local media “In 2017, I went through is a generation which lacks is assumed that boys house in 2015 found a turbulent year marked by confidence, cannot handle and men are sturdy out that the number an acrimonious divorce and rejection, emotional, mental and independent of female graduates two court cases. My in-laws and physical tasks have been by nature thus they has grown to 51 per ganged up and took some of raised. should take care of cent. More and more my property. I retained my In recent years boys themselves. Boys are women are holding sanity through the support Edwin Maina, founder of and men are facing the wired in a way that political offices, top of my family and friends. MenChallenge PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 49 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa I decided to come up with people across Kenya. taking away life of his lover. between 2008 and 2017. Challenge Africa can reduce an initiative to help men The 46-year-old man is Gender violence is denying The report also shows that these grim statistics. «By speak up. Opening up eases calling for the abandoning our country potential of men 800,000 people commit kill working to change the African trauma.” of the African culture that who have the capability to themselves every year. culture that men should not Edwin uses conferences hinders men from freely drive forward the economy.» In April BBC Africa speak out, we hope to enable and talk forums to achieve speaking out when they are The 2017 World Health investigative reporter more men to speak on their his agenda. He also created going through problems. Organisation (WHO) report revealed that Central Kenya issues. This will enable them a whatsApp group which «You know that gruesome shows that more men than leads in cases of suicides. The to seek help and thereby has over 120 members of the murders have flooded news women are likely to commit region is losing at least five reduces cases of suicide and same interest. He is regularly headlines. In many cases, suicide. According to the lives every day, almost all of gender based violence.» hosted on radio and TV and it is either a man killing his study suicides cases reported them men. in this way is able to reach out wife plus children or a man in Kenya rose by 58 per cent Edwin hopes that Men

Why Cape Town has been voted the best city in the world multiple times By Amos Fofung

From the Cape Winelands rooftop bars. Don’t forget to to the Cape of Good Hope, join the Sunset Yoga Class on adorning the Mystic Cliffs Clifton Beach. on a haven peninsula, beneath the imposing Table Transportation Mountains, Cape Town, a To have a full dose of what port city on South Africa’s Cape Town has to offer, Southwest coast is not your commuting from one end of ordinary getaway destination. the town to the other has been It’s an abode, a harbinger made easy and affordable. of peace which should be With services such as Uber, top on your bucket list of metered taxi, a collection of places to visit. Noted for its city bus networks including exquisite touristic attractions sightseeing buses, Metrorail and multicultural population, trains, and its coveted table its flourishing arts, dining, mountain aerial cableway, and nightlife scenes are proof there’s no way you can miss of a modern metropolis› Long-haul Destination in backed by towering peaks are night market, and Robben a spot in Cape Town as its creativity and innovative the World (Annual UK Post some of South Africa›s best. Island among many others. Slowly rotating cable cars spirit that can only be offered Office Report 2018) among Smiling beneath the surface climb to the mountain’s flat by the rainbow nation. others. is an irrepressible sense of Nightlife top, from which there are Designated multiple times In case you are still not adventure, inviting travelers The true beauty of a town sweeping views of the city, for its glamorous lifestyle convinced, here are five to join in the fun. From a can actually be revealed by the busy harbor, and boats topping most European and reasons why Cape Town has range of outdoor activities its night glamour and Cape heading for Robben Island, North American cities, Cape been named the best city in like hiking, biking, surfing, Town has stood the taste the prison that once held Town is truly world class the world multiple times. and paragliding to whale- of time. When the sunsets Nelson Mandela, which is with recognitions such as; # watching trips and cage dives beneath the ocean, Cape now a living museum. 1 city in Africa for business Touristic wonders. with great white sharks, Town comes to live. It is for If you decide to have and tourism(International Set imposingly between Cape Town offers quite the this reason that the town was helicopter rides or go sea Congress and Convention mountains and the sea, Cape adventurous experience you voted one of the top party diving, Cape Town can also Association - 2018 marks Town flaunts its natural crave for. cities in the world. accommodate you. the fourth consecutive beauty with pride. Rising Named a UNESCO World Flowing with numerous win), best art and cultural above the city, its iconic Heritage Site, in Cape Town, nightlife precincts, guests Cuisine destination (AFAR Travelers’ Table Mountain provides the you might want to visit its in Cape Town are greeted to If you are a foodie, then Choice Awards 2017), #1 city perfect plateau for panoramic National Botanical gardens, the Victoria Road in Camps you will love the town even in Africa and Middle East views that stretch to the Signal Hill and the Noon Bay, aka the ‹sunset strip›, more. It›s for no reason that (Telegraph Travel Awards Atlantic, botanical gardens Gun, Table Mountain, Clifton an increasingly grungy a South African restaurant 2018-four years in a row), beckon from its slopes, and and Camps Bay Beaches, the area attracting dozens, a was named the world best and the Most Affordable the city›s long blonde beaches Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, concentration of hip and this year. 50 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

Cape Town’s eclectic mix of Town, and tours into tastes is in no way overrated. these areas, which include The city’s history, combined Gugulethu, Langa, and with its acceptance of global Khayelitsha, offer great food trends presents its insight into Cape Town’s visitors with a food paradise. communities and a unique Once there, don’t forget experience of South Africa’s to try out Cape Towns, past and present. Fish and Chips, Wild A peek into Robben Island, game meat, Gatsby, Bunny the infamous prison island Chow, Bobotie, Biltong and that held so many of South Droëwors. Its traditional Africa’s political prisoners dessert menu comprising of during the Apartheid years, Milk tart, malva pudding, former president Nelson and koeksisters will you with Mandela paints a picture of sweet-tooth satisfied. wineries nearby. colonialism, apartheid and backgrounds – from both in how far the country has come. Visitors must try some of today South Africa, Cape South Africa and around the As you plan your next the wines crafted by South Cultural / historical Town has played a vital role in world, but certain cultural vacation, visit Cape Town so Africa›s world-renowned heritage framing today’s South Africa. attractions stand out. you can have an even better vintners, either at a Cape From its prehistory to Cape Town is a melting There are a number of story to tell. Town bar or at one of several its settlement, explorers, pot of people from diverse Townships around Cape AFCON 2019: Algeria Wins Second Crown By Boris Esono Nwenfor

he 2019 edition of the Africa cup of Nations Thas been won by the Desert Foxes of Algeria, the second crown in their history. Algeria defeated the Teranga Lions of Senegal by a goal to nil thanks to a second- minute strike from Baghdad Bounedjah, in the final of the AFCON played at the Cairo International stadium July 19, 2019. Algeria›s only victory until now in the competition was back in 1990-some 29 years to this day. Before reaching the final, the team defeated Nigeria 2-1 after outsmarting Ivory Coast in the quarter- finals. For Senegal, the wait is still on for their maiden title. Riyad Mahrez lifts the trophy as Algeria celebrate winning the Africa Cup of Nations. Photograph- Suhaib The team can, however, take Salem-Reuters. solace to have reached the final but just fell short of as the best team in Africa A milestone for African Grail of African football, with coaches have met at the clinching it. Congratulations with Cameroon eliminated coaches one joining the prestigious AFCON finals. Just four times have been extended to their in the round of 16. Their Algeria and Senegal’s list of African coaches to have before the final was an All coach Aliou Cisse for having next challenge will be that of meeting in the final created won the competition. African affair. In 1962 hosts guided the team to such a defending the trophy during a huge milestone for local After 32 editions of the Ethiopia coached by legend level. the AFCON 2021 that will be coaches. Two local coaches competition, it was only Yidnekatchew Tessema won Algeria succeeds Cameroon hosted by Cameron. were competition for the Holy the fifth time two African their first (and only to date) PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 51 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

AFCON title, defeating Egypt 4-2 in the final. The Pharaohs were then coached by the duet of Mohamed El Guindy and Hanafy Bastan. Ghana won the 1965 edition, beating hosts Tunisia 3-2. The Black Stars coach Charles Gyamfi had his second successive AFCON glory then, defeating Tunisian counterpart Mokhtar Ben Nacef. Another Ghanaian, Fred Ousam-Duodu led the Black Stars to the 1978 title at home, defeating Uganda led by local legend Pete Okee 2-0 in the final. And in 1998, Egyptian Senegalese coach Aliou Cisse. Mahmoud El Gohary became the first man to win AFCON Super Eagles forward against Cameroon was the African teams are always management of football in the as a player (1959) and coach. Odoin Ighalo finished as the first brace a Nigerian player embroiled with this issue country, the Lions decided to He guided the Pharaohs to top striker in the competition has scored since Victor Moses in every competition. In travel and participate with their fourth title in Burkina and it that light created (against Ethiopia) in 2013. the 2019 AFCON, the their bonuses promised Faso, defeating South Africa, history. The forward scored Reports from Kick442. issue of bonuses was very after the competition. Many coached by local icon Jomo 5 goals in the competition, com indicate the player after visible in the Zimbabwean Cameroonians are wondering Sono 2-0 in the final. second by Sadio Mane, Riyad the game against Tunisia and Cameroonian football why they should be paid huge Overall, 11 local coaches Mahrez, Cedric Bakambu, resigned from International selections. sums of money for not even had won 15 AFCON titles Ounas with 3 goals each. His football, citing Nigerians The Zimbabwean national reaching the semi finals. in the previous 31 editions. 5 strikes were the best in the huge criticism of him for it. team before the start of the The Football Federation of Ghana’s Gyamfi and Egypt’s tournaments› history for the competition threatened not Burundi, FFB Vice president Hassan Shehata had each won past 25 years. The last time a Match Bonus row seems to take part in the opening Aimable Habimana was record three titles, Nigerian player scored 5 goals was in not to go away game unless their bonuses reportedly arrested after Stephen Keshi won it in 2013. 1994, with Nigeria›s Rashidi As with every major are paid. It took a last gasp bonuses meant for the Djamel Belmadi now joins Yekini who also scored 5 competition, one big issue effort for the Federation who team which participated the illustrious Africans to goals. seems not to go away for negotiated and the players in the AFCON allegedly have won the award. Ighalo came to the African countries-issue agreed to play their first disappeared. The BBC tournament as the top goal with match bonuses. Be it game. reported Habimana was Nigeria’s Odion Ighalo scorer in the qualifier with the Africa cup of Nations For the case of Cameroon, picked up for questioning made History a total of 8 goals. His brace or the FIFA World Cup, the issue of match bonuses relating to missing money, is in their history. This year due to be paid to the Burundi as in every competition, the team. The team however Indomitable Lions threatened finished bottom of group B, not to participate in the failing to earn a point or score AFCON unless their bonuses a goal. are paid. The team had been Surprise packages in this promised 20 million CFA AFCON each; up from 17 million FCFA Guinea, Madagascar were they received at the 2017 the surprises in the 2019 AFCON. However, the team AFCON after going right up wanted more, demanding to the quarter finals-having 5 million FCFA be added to not participate in the AFCON every player. The issue made for a long time. Madagascar Cameroon to travel on the finished top of their group day the competition kicked that contain the mighty super off in Egypt, after missing eagles of Nigeria, surprisingly Seedorf and Kluivert were sacked by Cameroon after a dismal performance. their deadline. beating them in the last After negotiation with the game. In the round of 16, 52 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

Madagascar defeated DR Former Nigeria Congo on penalty shootout. international Emmanuel They however fell short in Amuneke became an instant the quarter finals losing to hero in Tanzania when he Tunisia. led the Taifa Stars to their For Benin, their fairytale first AFCON appearance in saw them beaten Morocco over two decades. Emmanuel in the round of 16. Amunike of Tanzania was Unfortunately for them, they sacked following the country’s were eliminated by Senegal elimination from the in the quarter finals. The can tournament. Tanzania had however take solace that they been out of the tournament lost to one formidable team for 39 years but poor results in Senegal who made it all the cost him his stay. He took way to the finals. over the helm of the Taifa Stars in August 2018. Coaches sacked after Ricardo Mannetti losing in the competition (Namibia) Ricardo Mannetti had Javier Aguirre (Egypt) already done a great job The Mexican was among qualifying Namibia for the Djamel Belmadi Coach of Algeria. the first to get the boot AFCON but more miracles when he could not guide the were expected of him by the Uganda gave a good account was going to plan as the hosts past the second round nation renowned for fast Sebastien Desabre of themselves against Senegal Indomitable Lions navigated stage. Egypt qualified top runners and not top quality (Uganda) in the second round losing the group stage without of their group, winning all football. Madagascar’s very by the narrowest of margins. conceding a single goal or their matches and conceding However, in a group that impressive, giant-killing Sebastien should feel unlucky losing a game. zero goals. But the Pharaohs had three former champions, exploits took the shine off to be without a job after such But Seedorf’s men came succumbed to a South Namibia never stood a the more modest but equally a decent outing. unstuck against the Super African sucker punch and realistic chance of picking up pleasing feats of Uganda at Clarence Seedorf Eagles in the Round of 16. Aguirre quickly became the a point, much less making the Africa Cup of Nations. (Cameroon) A thrilling 3 – 2 loss to scapegoat. it through to the next stage. The Cranes made it past The former Netherlands neighbours Nigeria smashed Three losses in three matches a group that had Egypt, midfielder was given only one the set objective and has cost Emmanuel Amuneke did not cast the coach in glory Zimbabwe and Congo DR, objective by the defending the former AC Milan manager (Tanzania) and he was duly cast aside. losing only to the host. the title: retain the title. All his job.

Paul Put (Guinea) The Belgian is the latest man to be fired from his post despite guiding his team to the Round of 16 at the Africa Cup of Nations. The former Burkina Faso coach saw his team lose to former champions Nigeria and draw debutants Madagascar. But a fine win over Burundi pushed the Syli Nationale to third in the group and the next round as one of the best losers. However, a sour 3 – 0 loss to eventual finalist Algeria, proved to be the end of the road for the Guineans. In total, some 6 coaches have been sacked since the competition ended. Madagascar reached the quater finals. PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 53 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

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54 PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Lessons From Mandela on the Crisis in Cameroon The 2019 Nelson Mandela Memorial Forum held Tumi. Barrister Agbor Balla joined a Distinguished recently in Yaounde organized by the Denis & Lenora panel reflecting on Madiba›s legacy for Cameroon. The Foretia Foundation. Barrister Ntumfor Nico Halle event was also graced by the presence of David Abeoum delivered the Inaugural Nelson Mandela Memorial A Choyi, former Sec. Gen at the Presidency of the Lecture. The 2019 Nelson Mandela Memorial Award Republic of Cameroon, and member of the Bilingualism was presented to His Eminence Christian Cardinal Commission.

Abouem A Tchoyi David, former Governor of the North West Barrister Nico Halle chats with Foretia Foundation›s Interim and South West Regions and former Secretary General of the CEO Dr. William Arrey Presidency of the Republic

Barrister Nico Halle described Nelson Mandela as a colossus, Denis and Lenora Foretia Foundation›s Interim CEO Dr. William someone who has contributed enormously to bringing peace in Arrey delivering his keynote address during the Nelson Mandela his nation. International Day.

Barrister Nico Halle described Nelson Mandela as a colossus, someone whoFB_IMG_15633669708768890 has contributed enormously to (1).jpg bringing peace in his nation. PAV - AUG 2019 - MAG 0819 Vol 2 55 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

Foretia Foundation›s COO Fri Asanga hands the Nelson Mandela Memorial award to Cardinal Tumi, Satff of Denis and Lenora Foretia Foundation engages in community represented by Father Michael Tchoumbou. services in rememberance of the former President.

Staff of Foretia foundation, guest speakers and participants during the International Nelson Mandela Day.

Felix Agbor Balla-Human rights defender addressing Foretia Foundation›s COO recognizes Barrister Nico Halle for his participants. contributions to bringing peace in Cameroon.

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