Ohio's Geology in Core and Outcrop—A Field Guide for Citizens And

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Ohio's Geology in Core and Outcrop—A Field Guide for Citizens And

Education and Information Tool • User friendly publication geared for the public and geological , environmental and engineering community. • Plain English explanations. Not too simple, not too complex. • Addresses major near surface units No Geologic Background, No Problem • The first 20 pages is a brief intro to geology – Primer on Geologic Maps and this Publication – Unit Names – Terminology – Geologic time – General Geology – Regional Geology Well Beyond the Basics • Pulls together information from many resources into one general resource document – Geologic publications – Mineral resources – Hydrogeologic information – Scenic Guides – General engineering characteristics • Use with State Geologic Map Just the Facts • The bulk of the publication addresses the Geological Fact Sheets • 65 Fact Sheets describe the near surface bedrock and surficial geological units. Fact Sheets General Layout Name and Location of Unit Geologic Time Scale and Unit Age Introduction to the Unit Photograph of a Typical Outcrop Diagnostic Features and Characteristics Weathering Characteristics, Unit Contacts , and Geologic Context General Engineering and Hydrogeologic Properties of the Unit Environmental Hazards, Economic, and Scenic Geology Additional Resources and an Image of a Typical Rock Core Use for Geohazards • Identifies geologic units • Defines rock type • Typical unit behavior • Strength and other properties • Potential water issues • Identifies units above and below What it doesn’t cover • Sub units of Alleghany , Conemaugh Monongahela and Dunkard – Morgantown Sandstone Member, Round Knob Shale Member, Saltsburg Sandstone Member of the Conemaugh • Other named Members and Local Formations • Correlation from historic unit names Availability The publication is available on Waterproof Paper or CD from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Publication Office or www.ohiogeologystore.com Questions? Brian E. Mott, P.G. | Sr. Geologist/Environmental Scientist 614.888.0040 (office) | 614.888.6415 (fax) | 614.987.1450 (Direct) [email protected] | www.dlz.com .

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Lithologic Description Checklist
GY480 Field Geology Lithologic Description Checklist When describing outcrops you should attempt to determine the following at the exposure: 1. Rock name and/or Formation name (Granite, Cap Mt. Limestone member, etc.) 2. Color or color variations at outcrop (pink granite, vari-colored shale, etc.) 3. Mineralogy (estimate percentages if possible; try to distinguish between primary and secondary minerals) 4. texture: size, shape and arrangement of mineral grains (aphanitic, rhyolite porphyry, idioblastic, porphyroblastic, grain-supported, coarse sandstone, foliated granite, etc.). 5. Primary features: crossbeds, ripple marks, sole marks, igneous flow foliation, pillow basalt, vesicular basalt, etc.) Examples of well-written descriptions Sandstone (quartz arenite): white and very pale orange, weathers light brown and moderate reddish brown; very fine grained; subangular; well-sorted; laminated; locally cross-bedded; bedding thickness as much as a foot (30 cm), mostly covered with rubble; forms steep, rounded slope. Bolsa Quartzite. Granite, light gray or light pink, usually deeply weathered to light brown. Typically coarse- grained, containing large phenocrysts of pale-pink orthoclase up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) long. Coarse-grained groundmass consists of pale-pink orthoclase, chalky plagioclase (albite or andesine), quartz, and books of black biotite. Probably underlies diabase and sedimentary formations in most of the region. Ruin Granite. Schist, light to dark gray, weathers brown to greenish-brown. Comprised of a variety of types from coarse-grained quartz-sericite schist to fine-grained quartz-sericite-chlorite schist. Low- grade metamorphism greenschist facies; higher-grade occurs locally. Relict bedding of sedimentary protolith is generally recognizable in outcrop; plunging overturned tight to isoclinal folding is pervasive.
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Chapter 8. Weathering, Sediment, & Soil
Physical Geology, First University of Saskatchewan Edition is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License Read this book online at http://openpress.usask.ca/physicalgeology/ Chapter 8. Weathering, Sediment, & Soil Adapted by Karla Panchuk from Physical Geology by Steven Earle Figure 8.1 The Hoodoos, near Drumheller, Alberta, have formed from the differential weathering (weaker rock weathering faster than stronger rock) of sedimentary rock. Source: Steven Earle (2015) CC BY 4.0. Learning Objectives After reading this chapter and answering the review questions at the end, you should be able to: • Explain why rocks formed at depth in the crust are susceptible to weathering at the surface. • Describe the main processes of mechanical weathering, and the materials that are produced. • Describe the main processes of chemical weathering, and common chemical weathering products. • Explain the characteristics used to describe sediments, and what those characteristics can tell us about the origins of the sediments. • Discuss the relationships between weathering and soil formation, and the origins of soil horizons. • Describe and explain the distribution of Canadian soil types. • Explain how changing weathering rates affect the carbon cycle and the climate system. Chapter 8. Weathering, Sediment, & Soil 1 What Is Weathering? Weathering occurs when rock is exposed to the “weather” — to the forces and conditions that exist at Earth’s surface. Rocks that form deep within Earth experience relatively constant temperature, high pressure, have no contact with the atmosphere, and little or no interaction with moving water. Once overlying layers are eroded away and a rock is exposed at the surface, conditions change dramatically.
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ROCK OUTCROP SYSTEM Ros12 Southern Floristic Region Southern Bedrock Outcrop Dry, Open Lichen-Dominated Plant Communities on Areas of Exposed Bedrock
ROCK OUTCROP SYSTEM ROs12 Southern Floristic Region Southern Bedrock Outcrop Dry, open lichen-dominated plant communities on areas of exposed bedrock. Woody vegetation is sparse, and vascular plants are restricted to crevices, shallow soil deposits, and rainwater pools. Vegetation Structure & Composition Description is based on summary of vegetation plot data (relevés), plant species lists, and field notes from surveys of approximately 50 bedrock outcrops. • Lichen and bryophyte cover is high. On exposed bedrock, crustose and foliose lichens predominate. Species include Can- delariella vitellina, Lecanora muralis, Rhi- zocarpon disporum, Dimelaena oreina, Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia, Xanthopar- melia plittii, Acarospora americana, Physcia subtilis, and Dermatocarpon miniatum. On bedrock margins and along crevices, fruti- cose species such as Cladonia pyxidata are present with the more abundant crustose and foliose species. Common bryophytes on exposed rock include Schistidium and Grim- mia species, and, along crevices, Ceratodon purpureus, Weissia controversa, and Tortula species. Mosses often form carpets in shallow rainwater-collecting bedrock hollows. • Herbaceous plant cover is sparse to patchy (5–50%); characteristic species in crevices and areas with shallow soil (< 1in [3cm] deep), where plant biomass is low, include small-flowered fameflower (Talinum parviflorum), brittle prickly pear (Opuntia fragilis), rock spikemoss (Selaginella rupestris), rusty woodsia (Woodsia ilvensis), false pennyroyal (Isanthus brachiatus), slender knotweed
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The cross section below shows the rocks of the Watchung Reservation and surrounding area, revealing the relative positions of the lava flows that erupted in this region and the sedimentary rock layers between them. A Walk Back in Time The Ruth Canstein Yablonsky Self-Guided Geology Trail click here to view on a smart phone NOTES Trailside Nature & Science Center 452 New Providence Road, Mountainside, NJ A SERVICE OF THE UNION COUNTY BOARD OF UNION COUNTY (908) 789-3670 CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS We’re Connected to You! The Ruth Canstein Yablonsky Glossary basalt a fine-grained, dark-colored Mesozoic a span of geologic time from Self-Guided Geology Trail igneous rock. approximately 225 million years ago to 71 million years This booklet will act as a guide for a short hike to interpret the geological history bedrock solid rock found in the same area as it was formed. ago, and divided into of the Watchung Reservation. The trail is about one mile long, and all the stops smaller units called Triassic, described in this booklet are marked with corresponding numbers on the trail. beds layers of sedimentary rock. Jurassic and Cretaceous. conglomerate sedimentary rock made of oxidation a chemical reaction “Watchung” is a Lenape word meaning “high hill”. The Watchung Mountains have an rounded pebbles cemented combining with oxygen. elevation of about 600 feet above sea level. As you travel southeast, these high hills are the together by a mineral last rise before the gently rolling lowland that extends from Rt. 22 through appropriately substance (matrix) . Pangaea supercontinent that broke named towns like Westfield and Plainfield to the Jersey shore.
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Facies Analysis, Genetic Sequences, and Paleogeography of the Lower Part of the Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian), Southeastern Eagle Basin, Colorado
Facies Analysis, Genetic Sequences, and Paleogeography of the Lower Part of the Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian), Southeastern Eagle Basin, Colorado U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1 787-AA ^A2 Chapter AA Facies Analysis, Genetic Sequences, and Paleogeography of the Lower Part of the Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian), Southeastern Eagle Basin, Colorado By JOHN A. KARACHEWSKI A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1 787 EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS UINTA AND PICEANCE BASINS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1992 For sale by the Books and Open-File Report Sales U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Karachewski, John A. Facies analysis, genetic sequences, and paleogeography of the lower part of the Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian), Southeastern Eagle Basin, Colorado/ by John A. Karachewski. p. cm. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1787) Evolution of sedimentary basins Uinta and Piceance basins ; ch. AA) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3:1787 1. Sedimentation and deposition Colorado Eagle County. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic Pennsylvanian. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic Paleozoic. 4. Geology, Stratigraphic Colorado Eagle County. 5. Paleogeography Paleozoic. 6. Minturn Formation sedimentary basins Uinta and Piceance basins ; ch.
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The Effect of Weathering and Outcrop Variability on Thermal Infrared Multispectral Remote Sensing Data: a Comparative Study in Gila Bend, Az
42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) 2743.pdf THE EFFECT OF WEATHERING AND OUTCROP VARIABILITY ON THERMAL INFRARED MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING DATA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN GILA BEND, AZ. J-F. Smekens1 and P. R. Christensen1, 1School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (contact: [email protected]) Introduction: Thermal Infrared spectroscopy We adopted a systematic approach, sampling vari- (TIR) constitutes a powerful diagnostic tool for com- ous outcrops within each unit, and sampling all the positional analysis of geological materials on planetary different types of rock fragments present on each out- surfaces. The quantitative mineralogy of a sample can crop in an effort to accurately recreate the TIR signa- be determined from laboratory spectra using a linear ture of individual pixels in the remote sensing data. deconvolution process [1]. The same approach can be The laboratory spectra were degraded to TIMS and applied to remote sensing data but the method is se- ASTER resolutions (Figure 2) and combined in various verely hindered in the case of multispectral data, as the ways to be used as end-members in a deconvolution of number of end members that can be used in the decon- the scenes. Three sets of end-members were used: (1) volution is limited to the number of bands available. the fresh surfaces of individual rock samples, (2) Although numerous studies have been conducted to variably weathered surfaces of each rock unit (fresh, characterize the effect of weathering on TIR laboratory varnished, heavily weathered, etc.), (3) ‘outcrop’ spec- spectra [2,3,4], the quantification of that effect on re- tra reconstructed from the individual constituents motely sensed data is still poorly understood, and iden- found in the outcrop, weighted with their areal abun- tification of alteration products from orbital data re- dances mains a challenge to this day.
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High resolution facies architecture and digital outcrop modeling of the Sandakan formation sandstone reservoir, Borneo: Implications for reservoir characterization and flow simulation Numair Siddiqui, Mu Ramkumar, Abdul Hadi A. Rahman, Manoj Mathew, M. Santosh, Chow Sum, David Menier To cite this version: Numair Siddiqui, Mu Ramkumar, Abdul Hadi A. Rahman, Manoj Mathew, M. Santosh, et al.. High resolution facies architecture and digital outcrop modeling of the Sandakan formation sandstone reser- voir, Borneo: Implications for reservoir characterization and flow simulation. Geoscience Frontiers, Elsevier, 2018, pp.1-15. 10.1016/j.gsf.2018.04.008. hal-02376232 HAL Id: hal-02376232 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02376232 Submitted on 22 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Geoscience Frontiers xxx (2018) 1e15 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Geoscience Frontiers journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gsf Research Paper High resolution facies architecture and digital outcrop modeling of the Sandakan formation sandstone reservoir, Borneo: Implications for reservoir characterization and ﬂow simulation Numair A. Siddiqui a,*, Mu. Ramkumar b, Abdul Hadi A. Rahman a, Manoj J. Mathew c, M.
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The Geology of Kansas ARBUCKLE GROUP
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