For Review Only
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Burrows Lined with Sponge Bioclasts from the Upper Cretaceous of Denmark
Ichnos An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces ISSN: 1042-0940 (Print) 1563-5236 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gich20 Cutting-edge technology: burrows lined with sponge bioclasts from the Upper Cretaceous of Denmark Lothar H. Vallon, Jesper Milàn, Andrew K. Rindsberg, Henrik Madsen & Jan Audun Rasmussen To cite this article: Lothar H. Vallon, Jesper Milàn, Andrew K. Rindsberg, Henrik Madsen & Jan Audun Rasmussen (2020): Cutting-edge technology: burrows lined with sponge bioclasts from the Upper Cretaceous of Denmark, Ichnos, DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2020.1744581 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2020.1744581 Published online: 09 Apr 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=gich20 ICHNOS https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2020.1744581 Cutting-edge technology: burrows lined with sponge bioclasts from the Upper Cretaceous of Denmark Lothar H. Vallona ,JesperMilana , Andrew K. Rindsbergb ,HenrikMadsenc and Jan Audun Rasmussenc aGeomuseum Faxe, Østsjællands Museum, Faxe, Denmark; bBiological & Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, Alabama, USA; cFossil-og Molermuseet, Museum Mors, Nykøbing Mors, Denmark ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Many tracemakers use different materials to line their burrows. Koptichnus rasmussenae n. Domichnia; wall igen. n. isp. is lined with cuboid fragments of siliceous sponges, interpreted as evidence of construction; sediment harvesting and trimming material to reinforce the burrow wall. The act of trimming, as evi- consistency; Porifera; Stevns Klint; Arnager; Hillerslev; denced in the polyhedral faces, is considered to be behaviourally significant. -
Toxin-Like Neuropeptides in the Sea Anemone Nematostella Unravel Recruitment from the Nervous System to Venom
Toxin-like neuropeptides in the sea anemone Nematostella unravel recruitment from the nervous system to venom Maria Y. Sachkovaa,b,1, Morani Landaua,2, Joachim M. Surma,2, Jason Macranderc,d, Shir A. Singera, Adam M. Reitzelc, and Yehu Morana,1 aDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel; bSars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223; and dBiology Department, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL 33801 Edited by Baldomero M. Olivera, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved September 14, 2020 (received for review May 31, 2020) The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa, Cnidaria) is a to a target receptor in the nervous system of the prey or predator powerful model for characterizing the evolution of genes func- interfering with transmission of electric impulses. For example, tioning in venom and nervous systems. Although venom has Nv1 toxin from Nematostella inhibits inactivation of arthropod evolved independently numerous times in animals, the evolution- sodium channels (12), while ShK toxin from Stichodactyla heli- ary origin of many toxins remains unknown. In this work, we pin- anthus is a potassium channel blocker (13). Nematostella’snem- point an ancestral gene giving rise to a new toxin and functionally atocytes produce multiple toxins with a 6-cysteine pattern of the characterize both genes in the same species. Thus, we report a ShK toxin (7, 9). The ShKT superfamily is ubiquitous across sea case of protein recruitment from the cnidarian nervous to venom anemones (14); however, its evolutionary origin remains unknown. -
Tardigrade Reproduction and Food
Glime, J. M. 2017. Tardigrade Reproduction and Food. Chapt. 5-2. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological 5-2-1 Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 18 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 5-2 TARDIGRADE REPRODUCTION AND FOOD TABLE OF CONTENTS Life Cycle and Reproductive Strategies .............................................................................................................. 5-2-2 Reproductive Strategies and Habitat ............................................................................................................ 5-2-3 Eggs ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-2-3 Molting ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2-7 Cyclomorphosis ........................................................................................................................................... 5-2-7 Bryophytes as Food Reservoirs ........................................................................................................................... 5-2-8 Role in Food Web ...................................................................................................................................... 5-2-12 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... -
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) FEDERAL AGENCY of RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FAR EASTERN BRANCH of the RUSSIAN ACADEMY of SCIENCES A.V
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) FEDERAL AGENCY OF RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FAR EASTERN BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Institute of Oceanography Proceedings of the Workshop “DEVELOPING LIFE–SUPPORTING MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ALONG WITH THE ASIA–PACIFIC COASTS – A SYNTHESIS OF PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DATA FOR THE SCIENCE–BASED MANAGEMENT AND SOCIO–ECOLOGICAL POLICY MAKING” under the aegis of the APN (Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research), VAST (Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology) and RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences) Vladivostok – Nha Trang Dalnauka 2016 УДК 574.5+574.9 DEVELOPING LIFE–SUPPORTING MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ALONG WITH THE ASIA–PACIFIC COASTS – A SYNTHESIS OF PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DATA. Edited by T.N. Dautova. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2016. 180 p. The book summarizes results of the workshop in the area of biodiversity, marine ecology and biogeography of the South China Sea and adjacent regions held on December 21–22 in Nha Trang, Vietnam. It discusses the synthesis of the biological data concerning the region and surrounding environments, such as marine currents, sedimentation, eutrophication and pollution. The special attention is paid to the policy making for science-based conservation and rational using of the marine ecosystems along with the Asia-pacific coasts. Organizing Committee Dr. Tatiana N. Dautova (co-chair), A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS and FEFU, Russia Dr. Dao Viet Ha (co-chair), Vice Director of Institute Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam Nguyen Phi Phat, Deputy Head of Department of General Management, Institute Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam Bui Thi Minh Ha, International relation officer, Institute of Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam Nguyen Ky, Institute Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam Thi Thu, Institute Oceanography, VAST, Vietnam Editor of the proceedings Tatiana N. -
Identification and Description of Chitin and Its Genes in Cnidaria
Chitin the Good Fight – Identification and Description of Chitin and Its Genes in Cnidaria Lauren Elizabeth Vandepas A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Chris T. Amemiya, Chair William E. Browne Adam Lacy-Hulbert Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Biology 1 | P a g e © Copyright 2018 Lauren E. Vandepas 2 | P a g e University of Washington Abstract Chitin the Good Fight – Identification and Description of Chitin and Its Genes in Cnidaria Lauren Elizabeth Vandepas Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Chris T. Amemiya Department of Biology This dissertation explores broad aspects of chitin biology in Cnidaria, with the aim of incorporating glycobiology with evolution and development. Chitin is the second-most abundant biological polymer on earth and is most commonly known in metazoans as a structural component of arthropod exoskeletons. This work seeks to determine whether chitin is more broadly distributed within early-diverging metazoans than previously believed, and whether it has novel non-structural applications in cnidarians. The Cnidaria (i.e., medusae, corals, sea anemones, cubomedusae, myxozoans) comprises over 11,000 described species exhibiting highly diverse morphologies, developmental programs, and ecological niches. Chapter 1 explores the distribution of chitin synthase (CHS) genes across Cnidaria. These genes are present in all classes and are expressed in life stages or taxa that do not have any reported chitinous structures. To further elucidate the biology of chitin in cnidarian soft tissues, in Chapters 2 and 3 I focus on the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, which has three chitin synthase genes – each with a unique suite of domains. -
High Diversity in Species, Reproductive Modes and Distribution Within the Paramacrobiotus Richtersi Complex
Guidetti et al. Zoological Letters (2019) 5:1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-018-0113-z RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) Roberto Guidetti1, Michele Cesari1*, Roberto Bertolani2,3, Tiziana Altiero2 and Lorena Rebecchi1 Abstract For many years, Paramacrobiotus richtersi was reported to consist of populations with different chromosome numbers and reproductive modes. To clarify the relationships among different populations, the type locality of the species (Clare Island, Ireland) and several Italian localities were sampled. Populations were investigated with an integrated approach, using morphological (LM, CLSM, SEM), morphometric, karyological, and molecular (18S rRNA, cox1 genes) data. Paramacrobiotus richtersi was redescribed and a neotype designed from the Irish bisexual population. Animals of all populations had very similar qualitative and quantitative characters, apart from the absence of males and the presence of triploidy in some of them, whereas some differences were recorded in the egg shell. All populations examined had the same 18S haplotype, while 21 haplotypes were found in the cox1 gene. In four cases, those qualitative characters were correlated with clear molecular (cox1) differences (genetic distance 14.6–21.8%). The integrative approach, which considered the morphological differences in the eggs, the reproductive biology and the wide genetic distances among putative species, led to the description of four new species (Paramacrobiotus arduus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus celsus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus depressus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus spatialis sp. n.) and two Unconfirmed Candidate Species (UCS) within the P. richtersi complex. Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi, the only ascertained parthenogenetic, triploid species, was redescribed and showed a wide distribution (Italy, Spain, Poland, Alaska), while the amphimictic species showed limited distributions. -
Transcriptomic Investigation of Wound Healing and Regeneration in the Cnidarian Calliactis Polypus Received: 26 October 2016 Zachary K
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Transcriptomic investigation of wound healing and regeneration in the cnidarian Calliactis polypus Received: 26 October 2016 Zachary K. Stewart1, Ana Pavasovic2,3, Daniella H. Hock4 & Peter J. Prentis1,5 Accepted: 19 December 2016 Wound healing and regeneration in cnidarian species, a group that forms the sister phylum to Published: 02 February 2017 Bilateria, remains poorly characterised despite the ability of many cnidarians to rapidly repair injuries, regenerate lost structures, or re-form whole organisms from small populations of somatic cells. Here we present results from a fully replicated RNA-Seq experiment to identify genes that are differentially expressed in the sea anemoneCalliactis polypus following catastrophic injury. We find that a large-scale transcriptomic response is established in C. polypus, comprising an abundance of genes involved in tissue patterning, energy dynamics, immunity, cellular communication, and extracellular matrix remodelling. We also identified a substantial proportion of uncharacterised genes that were differentially expressed during regeneration, that appear to be restricted to cnidarians. Overall, our study serves to both identify the role that conserved genes play in eumetazoan wound healing and regeneration, as well as to highlight the lack of information regarding many genes involved in this process. We suggest that functional analysis of the large group of uncharacterised genes found in our study may contribute to better understanding of the regenerative capacity of cnidarians, as well as provide insight into how wound healing and regeneration has evolved in different lineages. The extent of an organism’s ability to heal, repair and regenerate damaged tissues varies substantially across eumetazoan lineages. -
Character Evolution in Light of Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Zooxanthellate Sea Anemone Families Thalassianthidae and Aliciidae
CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ZOOXANTHELLATE SEA ANEMONE FAMILIES THALASSIANTHIDAE AND ALICIIDAE BY Copyright 2013 ANDREA L. CROWTHER Submitted to the graduate degree program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Daphne G. Fautin ________________________________ Paulyn Cartwright ________________________________ Marymegan Daly ________________________________ Kirsten Jensen ________________________________ William Dentler Date Defended: 25 January 2013 The Dissertation Committee for ANDREA L. CROWTHER certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ZOOXANTHELLATE SEA ANEMONE FAMILIES THALASSIANTHIDAE AND ALICIIDAE _________________________ Chairperson Daphne G. Fautin Date approved: 15 April 2013 ii ABSTRACT Aliciidae and Thalassianthidae look similar because they possess both morphological features of branched outgrowths and spherical defensive structures, and their identification can be confused because of their similarity. These sea anemones are involved in a symbiosis with zooxanthellae (intracellular photosynthetic algae), which is implicated in the evolution of these morphological structures to increase surface area available for zooxanthellae and to provide protection against predation. Both -
New Records of Actiniarian Sea Anemones in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 8(2): 83-98 Article New records of Actiniarian sea anemones in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Smitanjali Choudhury1, C. Raghunathan2 1Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744 102, A & N Islands, India 2Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 18 December 2017; Accepted 20 January 2018; Published 1 June 2018 Abstract The present paper provides the descriptive features of three newly recorded Actiniarian sea anemones Actinoporus elegans Carlgren, 1900, Heterodactyla hemprichii Ehrenberg, 1834, Thalassianthus aster Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 from Indian waters and two newly recorded species Stichodactyla tapetum (Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1834), Pelocoetes exul (Annandale, 1907) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This paper also accounts two genera, namely Heterodactyla and Thalassianthus as new records to India waters. Keywords sea anemone; new record; distribution; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; India. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences ISSN 22208860 URL: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/piaees/onlineversion.asp RSS: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/piaees/rss.xml Email: [email protected] EditorinChief: WenJun Zhang Publisher: International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 1 Introduction The actiniarian sea anemones are convened under the class Anthozoa that comprises about 1107 described species occurring in all oceans (Fautin, 2008). These benthic anemones are biologically significant animals for their promising associations with other macrobenthoes such as clown fishes, shrimps and hermit crabs (Gohar, 1934, 1948; Bach and Herrnkind, 1980; Fautin and Allen, 1992). -
Horizontal Transfer and Gene Loss Shaped the Evolution of Alpha-Amylases in Bilaterians
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/670273; this version posted June 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Horizontal transfer and gene loss shaped the evolution of alpha-amylases in 2 bilaterians 3 4 5 6 Andrea Desiderato (1, 2), Marcos Barbeitos (1), Clément Gilbert (3), Jean-Luc Da Lage (3) 7 8 (1) Graduate Program in Zoology, Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, CP 9 19020, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil 10 (2) Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute & Helmholtz Centre for 11 Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 12 13 (3) Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie. CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud. 14 Université Paris-Saclay. F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 15 16 17 18 19 20 Abstract 21 The subfamily GH13_1 of alpha-amylases is typical of Fungi, but it also includes some 22 unicellular eukaryotes (e.g. Amoebozoa, choanoflagellates) and non-bilaterian Metazoa. 23 Conversely, since a previous study in 2007, all Bilateria were considered to harbor only alpha- 24 amylases supposedly inherited by horizontal transfer from a proteobacterium and classified in 25 the subfamilies GH13_15 and 24, which were therefore commonly called bilaterian alpha- 26 amylases. The taxonomic scope of Eukaryota genomes in databases has been greatly increased 27 ever since 2007. We have surveyed GH13_1 sequences in recent data from non-bilaterian 28 animals and unicellular eukaryotes. We found a number of those sequences in Anthozoa 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/670273; this version posted June 17, 2019. -
The Rapid Regenerative Response of a Model Sea Anemone Species Exaiptasia Pallida Is Characterised by Tissue Plasticity and Highly Coordinated Cell Communication
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/644732; this version posted November 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Title The rapid regenerative response of a model sea anemone species Exaiptasia pallida is characterised by tissue plasticity and highly coordinated cell communication Authors *Chloé A. van der Burg1,2, Ana Pavasovic1,2, Edward K. Gilding3, Elise S. Pelzer 1,2, Joachim M. Surm4, Hayden L. Smith5,6, Terence P. Walsh1,2 and Peter J. Prentis5,6. 1School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia 2Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Queensland, Australia 3Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4067, Queensland, Australia 4Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel 5Earth, Environment and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia 6Institute for Future Environments, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia *Corresponding author: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-2337-5935 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/644732; this version posted November 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
First Record of Black Coral Associated Sea Anemone....From India 351 ISSN 0375-1511
CHOUDHURY et al. : First record of black coral associated Sea anemone....from India 351 ISSN 0375-1511 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 115(Part-4) : 351-356, 2015 FIRST RECORD OF BLACK CORAL ASSOCIATED SEA ANEMONE (NEMANTHUS ANNAMENSIS CARLGREN 1943; FAMILY NEMANTHIDAE) FROM INDIA 1 SMITANJALI CHOUDHURY, 1C. RAGHUNATHAN AND 2K. VENKATARAMAN 1Zoological Survey of India, Andaman Nicobar Regional Centre, Andaman and Nicobar Islands – 744 102, India 2Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata – 700 053, India INTRODUCTION sponges, amphipod crustaceans, pycnogonids, Information on Actiniarian sea anemone in nematodes and cirratulid polychaetes (Excoffon Andaman & Nicobar Archipelago were limited et al., 1999; Sanamyan et al., 2012) and closer to the works of Parulekar (1967, 1968, 1969a, b, associations, such as mutualism (symbiosis) with 1971 & 1990), until two recent works of Madhu dinoflagellate protists as well as the commensalism and Madhu (2007) and Raghunathan et al. (2014) with clownfishes, hermit crabs and shrimps (Gohar, which reported 20 species from this locality. Of 1934 & 1948; Fautin and Allen, 1992; Fautin et al., which, five species are new records to India 1995 and Elliott et al., 1999; Bach & Herrnkind, and one species is new distributional record to 1980) and parasitism with pycnogonids, bernacles Andaman and Nicobar Islands. and black corals (Mercier & Hamel, 1994; Yusa & Yamato, 1999; Ocana et al., 2004; Excoffon One specimen belonging to Nemanthidae, is et al., 2009) were reported. for the first time observed in Indian waters from the Andaman Sea. The family Nemanthidae is The present paper provides morphological monogeneric with the genus Nemanthus containing description, ecological and geographical three species described so far, viz.