This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Cannibalism Bibliography (Secondary Sources)

 This bibliography was compiled as part of a project on representations of cannibalism led by Dr. Jan Purnis, Dept. of English, Campion College at the University of Regina. Most of the following materials were gathered by Research Assistant Lara Stoudt, an MA student in the Dept. of English at the University of Regina. Harvey Gibson, an undergraduate RA, added some French sources, and some sources have been incorporated by Dr. Purnis.  The bibliography is meant as an overview of scholarship on cannibalism from a range of disciplines, theoretical approaches, and historical periods. It is not meant as an endorsement of any of the listed sources/perspectives, nor is it an exhaustive list. Categories within the bibliography are provisional and permeable.  Over the past few decades there has been significant debate about the factuality of many depictions of cannibalism. Some of the sources included below are among those who have focused attention on the ways in which accusing others of cannibalism has been used throughout history to justify colonial activities (including enslavement and dispossessing peoples of their lands) and the persecution of minority groups.  An important goal of the project, “Cannibals Incorporated: Cannibalism, Digestion, and Early Modern Literature,” is to challenge colonialist ideology and stereotypes in depictions of cannibalism while also examining what these depictions reveal about early modern Europeans and their anxieties about the relationship of food to identity, self to other/environment, and body to mind.

Prehistoric/Antiquity

Cooper, J.H. “Did Cannibalism and Spongiform Encephalopathy Contribute to the Demise of the Neanderthals?” The Mankind Quarterly 41.2 (2000): 173-78. Web.

Defleur, Alban. et al. “Neanderthal Cannibalism at Moula-Guercy, Ardéche, France.” Science (new series) 286.5437 (1999): 128-131. JSTOR. Web.

Hollingham, Richard. “Natural Born Cannibals.” New Scientist 183.2455 (2004): 30-33. EBSCOhost. Web.

Keri, Page. “Cannibalism Rife Throughout Human Evolution.” Lancet Neurology. 2.6 (Jun. 2003): 329. EBSCOhost. Web.

Murphy, E. M. & J. P. Mallory. “Herodotus and the Cannibals.” Antiquity. 74 (2000): 388-394. Web.

Romey, Kristin M. “Marrow Meals.” Archaeology 54.3 (May/Jun. 2001): 20-26: EBSCOhost. Web.

Stoneking, Mark. “Widespread Prehistoric Human Cannibalism: Easier to Swallow?” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18.10 (Oct. 2003): 489-90. EBSCOhost. Web.

Early Christians/Reformation Debate

Cohn, Norman. Europe’s Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom. Rev. Ed. London: Pimlico, 1993.

Fricke, Beate. “Jesus Wept! On the History of Anthropophagy in Christianity: A New Reading of a Miniature from the Gospel Book of Otto III as Kippfigur.” Anthropology and Aesthetics 59/60 (Spring/Autumn 2011): 192-205. JSTOR. Web.

Lestringrant, Frank. “Catholiques et cannibales. Le thème du cannibalisme dans le discours protestant au temps des guerres de religion.” Pratiques et discours alimentaires à la Renaissance. Ed. Jean-Claude Margolin et Robert Sauzet. Actes du colloque de Tours de Mars 1979. Paris: G.P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1982. 233-245.

McGowan, Andrew. “Cannibalism against Christians in the Second Century.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 2.4 (Winter 1994): 413-442. Project Muse. Web.

Wagemakers, Bart. “Incest, Infanticide, and Cannibalism: Anti-Christian Imputations in the Roman Empire.” Greece and Rome 57.2 (Oct. 2010): 337-354. Cambridge UP. Web.

Cannibalism and Colonialism

Abler, Thomas S. “Iroquois Cannibalism: Fact Not Fiction.” Ethnohistory 27.4 (Autumn 1980): 309-316. JSTOR. Web.

Agnew, Vanessa. “Dissecting the Cannibal: Comparing the Function of the Autopsy Principle in the Diaries and Narratives of Captain Cook’s Second Voyage.” Marginal Voices, Marginal Forms: Diaries in European Literature and History. Ed. Rachel Langford and Russell West. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Rodopi, 1999. 211.

Allaire, Louis. “Visions of Cannibals: Distant Islands and Distant Lands in Taino World Image.” The Lesser Antilles in the Age of European Expansion. Ed. Robert

Paquette and Stanley Engerman. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996. 33-49.

Alpert, Avram. “We Are Cannibals, All: Fredric Jameson on Colonialism and Experience.” Postcolonial Studies 13:1 (2010): 91-105. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Amaya, Adolfo C. “Regimes of Cannibality: A Peripheral Perspective on War, Colonization, and Culture.” Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry 6.15 (Spring 2011): 1-17. Web.

Archer, Christon I. “Cannibalism in the Early History of the Northwest Coast: Enduring Myths and Neglected Realities.” The Canadian Historical Review 61.4 (Dec 1980): 453-479. University of Toronto Press. Web.

Archer, Christon I. “Retreat from the North: Spain’s Withdrawal from Nootka Sound, 1793-1795.” BC Studies 37 (Spring 1978): 19-36. Web.

Banivanua-Mar, Tracey. “Cannibalism and Colonialism: Chartering Colonies and Frontiers in Nineteenth-Century Fiji.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 52.2(2010):255–281. ProQuest. Web.

Barker, Francis, Peter Hulme, and Margaret Iversen. Cannibalism and the Colonial World. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Barnard, Debbie. “Serving the Master: Cannibalism and Transoceanic Representations of Cultural Identity.” International Journal of Francophone Studies 8:3 (2005): 321-339. EBSCOhost. Web.

Barcelo, Miquel. "Loquella Barbarica VI]. Cannibals and Caribs According to Columbus between 4 November, 1492 and 4 March, 1493." Faventia 29.2 (2007): 121-31. ProQuest. Web.

Bassnett, Susan and Harish Trivedi. “Of Colonies, Cannibals and Vernaculars.” Post-Colonial Translation: Theory and Practice. Ed. Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi. London: Routledge, 1999. 1-18.

Beaver, Dan. “Flesh or Fantasy: Cannibalism and the Meanings of Violence.” Ethnohistory 49:3(2002): 671-685. Project Muse. Web.

Bellei, Sergio Luiz Prado. “Brazilian Anthropophagy Revisted.” Cannibalism and the Colonial World. Ed. Francis Barker et al. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. 87-109.

Boruchoff, David A. “Indians, Cannibals, and Barbarians: Hernán Cortés and Early Modern Cultural Relativism.” Ethnohistory 62.1 (January 2015): 17-38. Duke UP. Web.

Boucher, Philip P. Cannibal Encounters: Europeans and Island Caribs, 1492-1763. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1992.

Brantlinger, Patrick. “Missionaries and Cannibals in Nineteenth-century Fiji.” History and Anthropology 17:1 (2006): 21-38. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Breslaw, Elaine G., ed. Witches of the Atlantic World: A Historical Reader & Primary Sourcebook. New York UP, 2000.

Bucher, Bernadette. Icon and Conquest: A Structural Analysis of de Bry’s Great Voyages. Trans. Basia Miller Gulati. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1981.

Bumas, Shaskan E. “The Cannibal Butcher Shop: Protestant Uses of las Casas’s Brevisma relacion in Europe and the American Colonies.” Early American Literature 35 (2000): 107-136. Web.

Carleton, Sean. “Colonizing Minds: Public Education, the ‘Textbook Indian,’ and Settler Colonialism in British Columbia 1920-1970.” BC Studies 169 (Spring 2011): 101-131. Web.

Carlson, Nathan D. “Reviving Witiko (Windigo): An Ethnohistory of ‘Cannibal Monsters’ in the Athabasca District of Northern Alberta, 1878-1910.” Ethnohistory 56.3 (Summer 2009): 255-394. Duke UP. Web.

Chambers, Cynthia A. Cannibalism in a Cultural Context: Cartographic Imagery and Iconography of the New World Indigenous Peoples During the Age of Discovery (Doctoral Dissertation, 2006). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Web.

Conklin, Beth A. “Consuming Images: Representations of Cannibalism on the Amazonian Frontier. Anthropological Quarterly. 70.2 (April 1997): 68-78. EBSCOhost. Web.

Dahlstrom, Amy. "Owls and Cannibals Revisited: Traces of Windigo Features in Meskwaki Texts." Papers of the Algonquian Conference/Actes du congres des algonquinistes 34 (2003): 81-114. ProQuest. Web.

Davis, Dave D., and R. Christopher Goodwin “Island Carib Origins: Evidence and Nonevidence.” American Antiquity 55 (1990): 37–48.

Davies, Surekha, and Neil L. Whitehead. "From Maps to Mummy-Curses: Rethinking Encounters, Ethnography and Ethnology." History & Anthropology 23.2 (2012): 173-182. America: History & Life. Web.

Den Ouden, Amy E. “Locating the Cannibals: Conquest, North American Ethnohistory, and the Threat of Objectivity.” History and Anthropology 18:2 (2007): 101-133. Web. de Pina-Cabral, João. “Galvão Among the Cannibals: The Emotional Constitution of Colonial Power.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 8:4 (2001): 483-515. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Dongoske, Kurt E., Debra L. Martin, T. J. Ferguson. “Critique of the Claim of Cannibalism of Cowboy Wash.” American Antiquity 65.1 (Jan. 2000): 179-190. JSTOR. Web.

Feest, Christian F. "Old and New Worlds: Discovery, Invention, and Innovation in the Contact of Cultures." European Contributions to American Studies 34 (1996): 133-148. America: History & Life. Web.

Ferrara, Nadia and Guy Lanoue. “ The Self in Northern Canadian Hunting Societies: ‘Cannibals’ and Other ‘Monsters’ as Agents of Healing.” Anthropologica 46. 1 (2004): 69-83. JSTOR. Web.

Fisher, Robert. “Savage Harvest: A Tale of Cannibals, Colonialism, and Michael Rockefeller’s Tragic Quest for Primitive Art.” Australian Geographer 46:1 (2015): 133-134. Taylor & Francis. Web. (Book Review)

Forbes, Jack D. Columbus and Other Cannibals: The Wetiko Disease of Exploitation, Imperialism, and Terrorism. New York: Autonomedia, 1992. Revised Ed. New York: Seven Stories Press, 1992, 2008.

Gasior, Bonnie. “Stereotype and Religion as Rhetorical Strategies in Hans Staden’s Verdadera historia de un pais de savajes: Desnudos, feroces, y canibales.” Romance Languages Annual. 10.2 (1998): 595-599.

Goldman, Marlene. “A Taste of the Wild: A Critique of Representations of Natives as Cannibals in Late-Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Canadian Exploration Literature.” Multiculturalism and Representation. Ed. John Reider and Larry E. Smith. Literary Studies East and West Ser. 10. Honolulu: U of Hawaii Press, 1996. 43-63.

Finzsch, Norbert. “‘It is scarcely possible to conceive that human beings could be so hideous and loathsome’: Discourses of Genocide in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth- century America and Australia.” Patterns of Prejudice 39:2 (2005): 97-115. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Harvey, Graham. “Endo-cannibalism in the Making of a Recent British Ancestor.” Mortality: Promoting the Interdisciplinary Study of Death and Dying 9:3 (2004): 255-267. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Herrmann, Rachel B. “The ‘tragicall historie’: Cannibalism and Abundance in Colonial Jamestown.” The William and Mary Quarterly 68.1 (January 2011): 47-74. JSTOR. Web.

Hill, Jonathan D. History, Power, and Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Americas 1492-1992. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, 1996. Print.

Huang Wei-Jue and Byeong Cheol Lee. “The Tourist Gaze in Travel Documentaries: The Case of Cannibal Tours.” Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism 11:4 (2010): 239-259. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Huggan, Graham. “Ghost Stories, Bone Flutes, Cannibal Countermemory.” Cannibalism and the Colonial World. Ed. Francis Barker et al. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. 126-141.

Hulme, Peter. “Columbus and the Cannibals.” Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean 1492-1797. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1986.

---. “Introduction: The Cannibal Scene.” Cannibalism and the Colonial World. Ed. Francis Barker et al. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. 1-38.

Irwin, Alec. "Devoured by God: Cannibalism, Mysticism, and Ethics in Simone Weil." Crosscurrents 51.2 (2001): 257-272. ATLA Catholic Periodical and Literature Index. Web.

Keegan, William F. “Mobility and Disdain: Columbus and Cannibals in the Land of Cotton.” Ethnohistory. 62.1 (January 2015): 1-15. Web.

Keegan, William F. “Columbus was a Cannibal: Myths and the First Encounters.” In The LesserAntilles in the Age of European Expansion. Ed. Robert Paquette and Stan ley Engerman. 17–32. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996. Print.

Klarer, Mario. “Cannibalism and Carnivalesque: Incorporation as Utopia in the Early Image of America.” New Literary History 30.2 (1999): 389-410. Project Muse. Web.

Kimball, Geoffrey. "Natchez Cannibal Speech." International Journal of American Linguistics 78.2 (2012): 273-9. ProQuest. Web.

Launay, Robert. “Food and Foodways: Explorations in the History and Culture of Human Nourishment.” Food and Foodways: Explorations in the History and Culture of Human Nourishment 11:1 (2003): 27-27. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Lestringrant, Frank. Cannibals: The Discovery and Representation of the Cannibal from Columbus to Jules Verne. Trans. Rosemary Morris. Berkeley: U of California P, 1997.

---. Le Huguenot et le Sauvage. Paris: Aux Amateurs de Livres, 1990.

Levy, Philip. “Man-Eating and Menace on Richard Hore’s Expedition to America.” Atlantic Studies: Global Currents 2:2 (2005): 129-151. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Madureira, Luis. “Lapses in Taste: ‘Cannibal-tropicalist’ Cinema and the Brazillian Aesthetic of Underdevelopment.” Cannibalism and the Colonial World. Ed. Francis Barker et al. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. 110-125.

Mancall, Peter C. “The Raw and the Cold: Five English Sailors in Sixteenth-Century Nunavut.” The William and Mary Quarterly 70.1 (January 2013): 3-40. JSTOR. Web.

Martel, H.E. “Hans Staden’s Captive Soul: Identity, Imperialism, and Rumours of Cannibalism in Sixteenth-Century Brazil. Journal of World History 17.1 (March 2006): 51-69. EBSCOhost. Web.

Melbye, Jerry and Scott I. Fairgrieve. “A Massacre and Possible Cannibalism in the Canadian Arctic: New Evidence from the Saunaktuk Site.” Arctic Anthropology 31.2 (1994): 57-77. Web.

Myers, Robert A. “Island Carib Cannibalism.” Nieuwe West-Indische Gid / New West Indian Guide 58.3/4 (1984): 147–84. JSTOR. Web.

Nunes, Zita. Cannibal Democracy: Race and Representation in the Literature of the Americas. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P. 2008. Print.

Quint, D. Montaigne and the Quality of Mercy: Ethical and Political Themes in the Essais. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1998.

Obeyeskere, Gananath. “Cannibal Feasts in Nineteenth-century Fiji. Seamen’s Yarns and the Ethnographic Imagination.” Cannibalism and the Colonial World. Ed. Francis Barker et al. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. 63-86.

---. The Man-Eating Myth and Human Sacrifice in the South Seas. Berkeley: U of California P, 2005.

Piersen, William D. “White Cannibals, Black Martyrs: Fear, Depression, and Religious Faith as Causes of Suicide Among New Slaves.” The Journal of Negro History 62. 2 (Apr., 1977): 147-159. JSTOR. Web.

Raibmon, Paige. “Theatres of Contact: The Kwakwaka’wakw Meet Colonialism in British Columbia and at the Chicago World’s Fair.” The Canadian Historical Review 81.2 (June 2000): 157-190. Web.

Ramsey, Colin. "Cannibalism and Infant Killing: A System of ‘Demonizing’ Motifs In Indian Captivity Narratives." Clio 24.1 (1994): 55-68. America: History & Life. Web.

Randall, Catharine. “The Protestant’s Progress: Reading Reformed Travel Literature in Early Modern France.” Religion & Literature 29.3 (Autumn 1997): 21-41. JSTOR. Web.

Reid, Basil A. Myths and Realities of Caribbean History. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2009. Print.

Scherr, Arthur. "Jefferson's ‘Cannibals’ Revisited: A Closer Look at His Notorious Phrase." Journal of Southern History 77.2 (2011): 251-282. America: History & Life. Web.

Schreffler, Michael J. "Vespucci Rediscovers America: The Pictorial Rhetoric of Cannibalism in Early Modern Culture." Art History 28.3 (2005): 295-310. Academic Search Complete. Web.

Stannard, David E. "Recounting the Fables of Savagery: Native Infanticide and the Functions of Political Myth." Journal of American Studies 25.3 (1991): 381-418. America: History & Life. Web.

Thrush, Coll. “Vancouver the Cannibal: Cuisine, Encounter, and the Dilemma of Difference on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1808.” Ethnohistory 58.1 (Winter 2011): 1-35. EBSCOhost. Web.

Todd, Dennis. “Mastering the Savage: Conversion in Robinson Crusoe.” Defoe’s America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2010. 32-75.

Vara-Dannen, Theresa C. “The Limits of White Memory: Slavery, Violence and the Amistad Incident.” Journal of American Studies (Aug. 2014): 1-36. Cambridge UP. Web.

Vieira, Else Ribeiro Pires. “Liberation Calibans: Reading of Antropofagia. and Haroldo de Campos’ Poetics of Transcreation.” Post-Colonial Translation: Theory and Practice. Ed. Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi. London: Routledge, 1999. 95-113.

Wetherell, D. “Accounts of Fighting and Cannibalism in Eastern New Guinea During the Missionary Contact Period, 1877-1888, as Told to Charles Abel.” Pacific Studies 26.1 (2003): 37-52. Web.

Wey-Gómez, Nicolás. “A Poetics of Dismemberment: The Book of Job and the Cannibals of Cariay in Columbus’s Account of the Fourth Voyage.” Colonial Latin American Review 16:1 (2007): 109-123. Taylor & Francis. Web.

White, Andrew. “A ‘Consuming’ Oppression: Sugar, Cannibalism and John Woolman's 1770 Slave Dream.” Quaker History 96.2 (Fall 2007): 1-27. Project Muse. Web.

Wilson, Samuel M. The Archaeology of the Caribbean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

Brazil

Basso, Ellen B. The Last Cannibals: A South American Oral History. Austin, TX: U of Texas P, 1995.

Conklin, Beth A. “Cannibalism and the Work of Culture in Bereavement: Commentary on Gottlieb.” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 55.4 (2007): 1253-1264. Sage. Web.

Conklin, Beth A. “Consuming Images: Representations of Cannibalism on the Amazonian Frontier.” Anthropological Quarterly 70.2 (April 1997): 68-78. JSTOR. Web.

Conklin, Beth A. “The Last Cannibals: A South American Oral History by Ellen Basso.” American Ethnologist 23.4 (Nov. 1996): 925-926. JSTOR. Web.

Conklin, Beth A. “Thus Are Our Bodies, Thus Was Our Custom: Mortuary Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society.” American Ethnologist 22.1 (Feb. 1995): 75-101. JSTOR. Web.

Garfield, Seth. "Native Brazil: Beyond the Convert and the Cannibal, 1500-1900." American Historical Review 120.2 (2015): 683-684. America: History & Life. Web. 26 June 2015. (Book Review)

Myscofski, Carole A. “Imagining Cannibals: European Encounters with Native Brazilian Women.” History of Religions 47.2/3 (Nov. 2007/Nov. 2008): 142-155. EBSCO. Web.

Fiji

Adler, Antony. "The Capture and Curation of the Cannibal ‘Vendovi’: Reality and Representation of a Pacific Frontier." Journal Of Pacific History 49.3 (2014): 255-282. America: History & Life. Web.

Banivanua-Mar, Tracey. “Cannibalism and Colonialism: Charting Colonies and Frontiers in Nineteenth-Century Fiji.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 52.2 (2010): 255-281. Cambridge UP. Web.

New Guinea

Bowden, Ross. “Maori Cannibalism: An Interpretation.” Oceania 55.2 (Dec. 1984): 81-89. JSTOR. Web.

North America

Di Stefano, Diana. "Alfred Packer's World: Risk, Responsibility, and the Place of Experience in Mountain Culture, 1873-1907." Journal of Social History 40.1 (2006): 181-204. America: History & Life. Web.

Altman, Ida. "Of Cannibals and Kings: Primal Anthropology in the Americas." Ethnohistory 61.1 (2014): 213-215. America: History & Life. Web. (Book Review)

Archer, Christon I. "Cannibalism in the Early History of the Northwest Coast: Enduring Myths and Neglected Realities." Canadian Historical Review 61.4 (1980): 453-479. America: History & Life. Web.

Baker, Shane A. "Rattlesnake Ruin: The Question of Cannibalism and Violence in the Anasazi Culture." Canyon Legacy 17 (1993): 2-11. America: History & Life. Web.

Brundage, Burr Cartwright. A Rain of Darts. Austin: U of Texas P, 1972. Print.

---. The Fifth Sun. Austin: U of Texas P, 1979. Print.

Bullock, Peter Y. “A Reappraisal of Anasazi Cannibalism.” Kiva 57.1 (1991): 5-16. JSTOR. Web.

---. "A Return to the Question of Cannibalism." Kiva 58.2 (1992): 203-205. America: History & Life. Web.

Butler, Joseph T. Jr. "The Atakapa Indians: Cannibals of Louisiana." Louisiana History 11.2 (1970): 167-176. America: History & Life. Web.

Carlson, Nathan D. "Reviving Witiko (Windigo): An Ethnohistory of ‘Cannibal Monsters’ in the Athabasca District of Northern Alberta, 1878-1910." Ethnohistory 56.3 (2009): 355-394. America: History & Life. Web.

Carrasco, David. “Quetzalcoatl’s Revenge: Primordium and Application in Aztec Religion.” History and Religions 19.4 (May 1980): 296-320. JSTOR. Web.

---. “Cosmic Jaws: We Eat the Gods and the Gods Eat Us.” Journal of the America Academy of Religion 63.3 (Autumn 1995): 429-463. JSTOR. Web.

Castile, George Pierre. “Purple People Eaters?: A Comment on Aztec Elite Class Cannibalism a la Harris-Harner. American Anthropologist 82.2 (1980): 389-391. JSTOR. Web.

Clastres, Pierre. “Cannibals.” Trans. Paul Aster. Sciences 38:3 (1998): 32-37. Academic Search Complete. Web.

Darling, J. Andrew. "Mass Inhumation and Execution of Witches in the American Southwest." American Anthropologist 100.3 (1998): 732. America: History & Life. Web.

Den Ouden, Amy E. "Locating the Cannibals: Conquest, North American Ethnohistory, and the Threat of Objectivity." History & Anthropology 18.2 (2007): 101-133. America: History & Life. Web.

Dongoske, Kurt E., Debra L. Martin, and T. J. Ferguson. "Critique of the Claim of Cannibalism at Cowboy Wash." American Antiquity 65.1 (2000): 179-190. JSTOR. Web.

Dunlay, Thomas W. "Friends and Allies: The Tonkawa Indians and the Anglo- Americans, 1823-1884." Great Plains Quarterly 1.3 (1981): 147-158. America: History & Life. Web.

Fee, Margery. "Hamatsa: The Enigma of Cannibalism on the Pacific Northwest Coast." BC Studies 123 (1999): 87-91. America: History & Life. Web.

Ferrara, Nadia, and Guy Lanoue. "The Self in Northern Canadian Hunting Societies: ‘Cannibals’ and Other ‘Monsters’ as Agents of Healing." Anthropologica 46.1 (2004): 69-83. America: History & Life. Web.

Hay, Thomas H., and Jennifer Brown. "The Windigo Psychosis: Psychodynamic, Cultural, and Social Factors in Aberrant Behavior." American Anthropologist 73.1 (1971): 1-19. America: History & Life. Web.

Hurlbut, Sharon Ann. "Cannibals in the Canyon? Taphonomic Analysis of Human Remains from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico." Dissertation. Arizona State University, 1999. ProQuest Dissertations. Web.

Kim, Margaret. "Benjamin of Tudela in Providence." Rhode Island Jewish Historical Notes 15.2 (2008): 208-218. America: History & Life. Web.

Kuckelman, Kristin A., Ricky R. Lightfoot, and Debra L. Martin. "The Bioarchaeology and Taphonomy of Violence at Castle Rock and Sand Canyon Pueblos, Southwestern Colorado." American Antiquity 67.3 (2002): 486. America: History & Life. Web.

Lekson, Stephen H. "Man Corn: Cannibalism and Violence in the Prehistoric American Southwest." Journal of Arizona History 41.2 (2000): 209-210. America: History & Life. Web.

Loeb, Edwin Meyer. The Blood Sacrifice Complex. New York: Kraus, 1964.

MacNeil, Genevieve E. "Avenging the Windigo: A Critical Ethnohi'story' of the Algonkian Condition." Masters Abstracts International (2006). America: History & Life. Web.

Maud, Ralph. "Did Franz Boas Witness an Act of Cannibalism?" Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 22.1 (1986): 45-48. America: History & Life. Web.

McDowell, Jim. Hamatsa: The Enigma of Cannibalism on the Northwest Coast. Vancouver: Ronsdale, 1997.

Melbye, Jerry, and Scott I. Fairgrieve. "A Massacre and Possible Cannibalism in the Canadian Arctic: New Evidence from the Saunaktuk Site." Arctic Anthropology 31.2 (1994): 57. America: History & Life. Web

Minor, Nono. "Our Cannibal Indians." American History Illustrated (1969): 40-45. America: History & Life. Web.

Nass, G. Gisela, and Nicholas F. Bellantoni. "A Prehistoric Multiple Burial from Monument Valley Evidencing Trauma and Possible Cannibalism." Kiva 47.4 (1982): 257-271. America: History & Life. Web.

Neulander, Judith S. "Cannibals, Castes and Crypto-Jews: Premillennial Cosmology in Postcolonial New Mexico." Dissertation Abstracts International 62. (2002). America: History & Life. Web.

Nickens, Paul R. “Prehistoric Cannibalism in the Mancos Canyon, Southwestern Colorado. Kiva 40.4 (Summer 1975): 283-294. America: History & Life.

Piersen, William D. "White Cannibals, Black Martyrs: Fear, Depression, and Religious Faith as Causes of Suicide among New Slaves." Journal of Negro History 62.2 (1977): 147-151. JSTOR. Web.

Pilette, Marie-Laure. "S'allier en combattant et combattre pour s'allier ou les deux paramètres du cannibalisme mythique et social des Iroquois des 16e et 17e

siècles." Dissertation Abstracts International 52. (1992). America: History & Life. Web.

Raffaele, Paul. Among the Cannibals: Adventures on the Trail of Man’s Darkest Ritual. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

Raibmon, Paige. "Theatres of Contact: The Kwakwaka'wakw Meet Colonialism in British Columbia and Chicago." Canadian Historical Review 81.2 (2000): 157- 190. Proquest. Web.

Ramsey, Colin. “Cannibalism and Infant Killing: A System of ‘Demonizing’ Motifs in Indian Captivity Narratives.” CLIO: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 24.1 (Fall 1994): 55+. World History in Context. Web.

Rautman, Alison E., and Todd W. Fenton. "A Case of Historic Cannibalism in the American West: Implications for Southwestern Archaeology." American Antiquity 70.2 (2005): 321-341. America: History & Life. Web.

Reinhard, Karl J. “A Coprological View of Ancestral Pueblo Cannibalism: Debate over a Single Fecal Fossil Offers a Cautionary Tale of the Interplay between Science and Culture.” American Scientist 94.3 (2006): 254-261. JSTOR. Web.

Ridington, Robin. “Wechuge and Windigo: A Comparison of Cannibal Belief among Boreal Forest Athapaskans and Algonkians.” Antropologica 18 (2): 107-30.

Sands, Peter Vernon. "`A Horrid Banquet': Cannibalism, Native Americans, and the Fictions of National Formation." Dissertation Abstracts International 57. (1996). America: History & Life. Web.

Schell, Heather Martha. The Victorian Book of Man-Eaters: On the Evolution of Cannibals, Seductresses and Tigers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Dissertation- Abstracts-International-Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences. 61:2(Aug. 2000).

Simon, James J. K. "Mortuary Practices of the Late Kachemak Tradition in Southcentral Alaska: A Perspective from the Crag Point Site, Kodiak Island." Arctic Anthropology 29.2 (1992): 130-149. America: History & Life. Web.

Smallman, Shawn. "Spirit Beings, Mental Illness, and Murder: Fur Traders and the Windigo in Canada's Boreal Forest, 1774 To 1935." Ethnohistory 57.4 (2010): 571-596. America: History & Life. Web.

Smith, Jason W. "The Bound[Less] Sea: Wilderness and the United States Exploring Expedition in the Fiji Islands." Environmental History 18.4 (2013): 710-737. America: History & Life. Web.

Suttles, Wayne. "Feasting With Cannibals: An Essay on Kwakiutl Cosmology." American Indian Quarterly 8.2 (1984): 138-139. America: History & Life.

Thrush, Coll. "Vancouver the Cannibal: Cuisine, Encounter, and the Dilemma of Difference on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1808." Ethnohistory 58.1 (2011): 1- 35. America: History & Life. Web.

Turner, Christy G. II., and Nancy T. Morris. "A Massacre at Hopi." American Antiquity 35.3 (1970): 320-331. America: History & Life. Web. 14 July 2015.

Turner, Christy G., and Jacqueline A. Turner. Man Corn: Cannibalism and Violence in the Prehistoric American Southwest. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1999.

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Cultural Studies

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Friedman, John Block. The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UP, 1981.

Gang, Yue. The Mouth That Begs: Hunger, Cannibalism and the Politics of Eating in Modern China. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1999.

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Glick, Megan H. “Of Sodomy and Cannibalism: Dehumanisation, Embodiment and Rhetorics of Same-Sex and Cross-Species Contagion.” Gender History 23.2 (August 2011): 266-282. Blackwell Publishing.Web.

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Grixti, Joseph. “Consuming Cannibals: Psychopathic Killers as Archetypes and Cultural Icons.” Journal of American Culture 18:1(Spring 1995): 87-95.

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Guyer, Sara. “Albeit Eating: Towards an Ethics of Cannibalism.” Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities, 2:1 (1995): 63-80. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Guzman, Gregory G. “Reports of Mongol Cannibalism in the Thirteenth-Century Latin Sources: Oriental Fact or Western Fiction?” Discovering New Worlds: Essays on Medieval Exploration and Imagination. Ed. Scott D. Westrem. New York: Garland, 1991. 31-68.

Halm-Tisserant Monique. Canibalisme et immortalite: L’Enfant dans le chaudron en Grece ancienne. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993.

Harner, Michael. “The Ecological Basis for Aztec Sacrifice.” American Ethnologist 4.1 (Feb. 1977): 117-135. JSTOR. Web.

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Heng, Geraldine. “Cannibalism, the First Crusade, and the Genesis of Medieval Romance.” Differences 10:1 (1998): 1-40.

Hoffman, George. “Anatomy of the Mass: Montaigne’s ‘Cannibals.’” PMLA 11.2 (2002): 207–221. JSTOR. Web.

Hsia, R. Po-Chia. The Myth of Ritual Murder: Jew and Magic in Reformation Germany. New Haven, Yale UP, 1988.

Hunn, Eugene. “Did the Aztecs Lack Potential Animal Domesticates?” American Ethnologist 9.3 (Aug. 1982): 578-579. JSTOR. Web.

Isaac, Barry L. “Cannibalism among Aztecs and Their Neighbors: Analysis of the 1577- 1586 ‘Relaciones Geográficas’ for Nueva España and Nueva Galicia

Provinces.” Journal of Anthropological Research 58. 2 (Summer, 2002): 203- 224. JSTOR. Web.

Igreja, Victor. “Memories of Violence, Cultural Transformations of Cannibals, and Indigenous State-Building in Post Conflict Mozambique.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 56.3 (2014): 774-802. Cambridge UP. Web.

Lamphere, Louise. “Symbolic Elements in Navajo Ritual.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 25.3 (1969): 279-305. JSTOR. Web.

Laughlin, Charles D. and Eugene G. d’Aquili. “Ritual and Stress.” The Spectrum of Ritual: A Biogenetic Structural Analysis. Ed. Eugene G. d’Aquili, Charles D. Laughlin, and John McManus. New York, Columbia UP, 1979.

Jacknis, Ira. “Visualizing Kwakwaka-wakw Tradition: The Films of William Heick, 1951-63.” BC Studies 125/126 (2000): 99-146. Proquest. Web.

Jentzen, Jeffrey, George Palermo, L. Thomas Johnson, Khang-Cheng Ho, K. Alan Stormo, and John Teggatz. “Destructive Hostility: The Jeffrey Dahmer Case.” American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 15.4 (1994): 283-94. Ovid. Web.

Johnson, Thomas S. “Feeding on Shauna Grant: Ritual Cannibalism in Two Documentary Retrospectives.” Journal of Popular Culture (2003): 25-43. EBSCO. Web.

Jorgensen, Joseph G. “Review: Archaeological Sociology in America’s Southwest: A Review Essay.” Journal of the Southwest 47.4 (Winter 2005): 637-664. JSTOR. Web.

Keesing, Roger M. "Kwara(Glottal Stop)Ae Ethnoglottochronology: Procedures used by Malaita Cannibals for Determining Percentages of Shared Cognates." American Anthropologist 75.5 (1973): 1282-9. ProQuest. Web.

Kidd, J.S. “Scholarly Excess and Journalistic Restraint in the Popular Treatment of Cannibalism.” Social Studies of Science 18.4 (Nov., 1988): 749-754. JSTOR. Web.

Kilgour, Maggie. From Communion to Cannibalism: An Anatomy of Metaphors of Incorporation. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1990.

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Kincaid, James R. “Designing Gourmet Children or, Kids for Dinner!” Victorian Gothic: Literary and Cultural Manifestations in the Nineteenth-Century. Ed. Ruth Robbins and Julian Wolfreys. New York: Palgrave, 2000. 1-11.

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Klarer, Mario. "Sealing Anuses and Devouring Men: Utopia, Gender and Incorporation in the Early Image of America." European Contributions To American Studies 56(2004): 27-55. America: History & Life. Web.

Kuckelman, Kristin A., Ricky R. Lightfoot, and Debra L. Martin. “The Bioarchaeology and Taphonomy of Violence at Castle Rock and Sand Canyon Pueblos, Southwestern Colorado.” American Antiquity 67. 3 (Jul., 2002): 486-513. JSTOR. Web.

Kwok, Loong. “Object of Desire: Meditations on Race and Cannibalism.” Studies in Gender and Sexuality 14:2 (2013): 140-143. Taylor & Francis. Web.

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Lindenbaum, Shirley. “Thinking about Cannibalism.” Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (2004): 475-498. JSTOR. Web.

Lozano, Miguel López. “Traces of Red: Historiographic Metafiction and Chicano Identity in Guy Garcia’s Obsedian Sky.’” Confluencia 24.1 (2008): 41-59. JSTOR. Web.

Mansouri, Mabrouk. “Cynophagy, Homosexuality and Anthropophagy in Medieval Islamic North Africa as Signs of Hospitality.” The Journal of North African Studies 20.2 (2015): 128-142. Taylor & Francis. Web.

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Medeiros, Paulo. “Cannibalism and Starvation: The Parameters of Eating Disorders in Literature.” Disorderly Eaters: Texts in Self-Empowerment. Ed. Lilian R. Furst and Peter W. Graham. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State UP, 1992. 11-27.

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McAlister, Elizabeth. "Slaves, Cannibals, and Infected Hyper-Whites: The Race and Religion of Zombies/Escravos, Canibais, e os Hiper-Brancos Infectados: A Raca e a Religiao dos 'Zombies'." Anthropological Quarterly 85.2 (2012): 457+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web.

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Turner II, Christy G. and Jacqueline A. Turner. “A Massacre at Hopi.” American Antiquity 35.3 (July 1970): 320-331. JSTOR. Web.

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Waldemer, Thomas P. “Imperfect Harmony: Coca-cola Cannibal Metaphor in Beba Coca Cola, Sangue de Coca-Cola, and A Hora da Estrela.” Hispanófila, 153(2008): 97-108. Project Muse. Web.

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Weismantel, Mary. “White Cannibals: Fantasies of Racial Violence in the Andes.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 4:1 (1997): 9-43. Taylor & Francis. Web.

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Whitehead, Neil L. “Monstrosity and Marvel: Symbolic Convergence and Mimetic Elaboration in Trans-cultural Representation.” Studies in Travel Writing 1(Spring 1997): 72-96.

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Young, Michael W. Fighting with Food. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1971. Print.

Yue, Gang. Hunger, Cannibalism, and the Politics of Eating: Alimentary Discourse in Chinese and Chinese-American Literatures. (Doctoral Dissertation) Dissertation Abstracts International 54:8 (Feb. 1994).

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Philosophy, Psychology

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Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. Cannibal Metaphysics: For a Post-Structural Anthropology. Trans. and Ed. Peter Skafish. Minneapolis: Univocal, 2014.

Law

Simpson, A. W. Brian. Cannibalism and the Common Law: The Story of the Tragic Last Voyage of the Mignonette and the Strange Legal Proceedings to Which It Gave Rise. Chicago: U of Chicago P. 1984.

Literary and Media Studies

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Ambrisco, Allan S. “Cannibalism and Cultural Encounters in Richard Coeur de Lion.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 29.3 (1999): 499-528. EBSCO. Web.

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Barnett, Clive. “‘A Choice of Nightmares’: Narration and Desire in Heart of Darkness.” Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 3:3 (1996): 277-292. Taylor & Francis. Web.

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Belling, Catherine Francis. "Acts of Flesh and Blood: Anatomy and Physiology in English Renaissance Drama." Dissertation. State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2000. ProQuest Dissertations. Web.

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Cowdell, Paul. “Cannibal Ballads: Not Just a Question of Taste.” Folk Music Journal 9.5 (2010): 723-747. JSTOR. Web.

Duggan, Anne E. “Nature and Culture in the Fairy Tale of Maire-Catherine d’Aulnoy.” Marvels & Tales 15.2 (2001): 149-167. JSTOR. Web.

Greenhill, Pauline. “‘Fletcher’s [Queer] Bird’: A Fairy-Tale Heroine and Her Avatars.” Marvels & Tales 22.1 (2008): 143-167. JSTOR. Web.

Herriott, Homer J. “Folklore from Marco Polo: Japan.” California Folklore Quarterly 4.4(Oct. 1945): 398-403. JSTOR. Web.

Hobbs, Sandy, and David Cornwell. “Sawney Bean, the Scottish Cannibal.” Folklore 108.1-2 (1997): 49-54. Taylor & Francis. Web.

Honeyman, Susan. Consuming Agency in Fairy Tales, Childlore, and Folk Literature. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Fay, Carolyn. “Sleeping Beauty Must Die: The Plots of Perrault’s ‘La belle au bois dormant.’” Marvels & Tales 22.2 (2008): 259-276. JSTOR. Web.

Miller, Lucien. “Southern Silk Route Tales: Hospitality, Cannibalism, and the Other.” Merveilles & Contes 9.2 (Dec. 1995): 137-169. JSTOR. Web.

Podruchny, Carolyn. “Werewolves and Windigos: Narratives of Cannibal Monsters in French-Canadian Voyageur Oral Tradition.” Ethnohistory 51.4(Fall 2004): 677-700. Project Muse. Web.

Roth, Walter E. An Inquiry into the Animism and Folk-Lore of the Guiana Indians. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute, 1915. E-book. Excerpt in Witches of the Atlantic World. Ed. Elaine Breslaw. New York: NY UP, 2000. 213-220.

Szumsky, Brian E. “The House That Jack Built: Empire and Ideology in Nineteenth-Century British Versions of ‘Jack and the Beanstalk.’” Marvels & Tales 13.1 (1999): 11-30. JSTOR. Web.

Verdier, Yvonne. “Little Red Riding Hood in Oral Tradition.” Marvels & Tales 11.1/2 (1997): 101-123.JSTOR. Web.

Warner, Marina. “Ballerina: The Belled Girl Sends a Tape to an Impresario.” Marvels & Tales 12.1 (1998): 239-246. JSTOR. Web.

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Williams, Christy. “Who’s Wicked Now? The Stepmother as Fairy-Tale Heroine.” Marvels & Tales 24.2 (2010): 255-271. JSTOR. Web.

Wilson, Sharon Rose. “Fairy-Tale Cannibalism in The Edible Woman.” Cooking by the Book: Food in Literature and Culture. Ed. Mary Anne Schofield. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State U Popular Press, 1989. 78-88.

Medicinal Cannibalism

Dannenfeldt, Karl H. “Egyptian Mumia: The Sixteenth Century Experience and Debate.” Sixteenth Century Journal 16:2 (1985): 163-180.

Gordon-Grube, Karen. “Anthropophagy in Post-Renaissance Europe: The Tradition of Medicinal Cannibalism.” American Anthropologist 90.2 (1988): 405-9. JSTOR. Web.

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Harley, D. “Political Post-Mortems and Morbid Anatomy in Seventeenth Century England.” Social History of Medicine 7. 1 (1994): 1–28.

Himmelman, Kenneth P. “The Medicinal Body: An Analysis of Medicinal Cannibalism in Europe, 1300-1700.” Dialectical Anthropology 22 (1997): 183-203.

Noble, Louise. Medicinal Cannibalism in Early Modern English Literature and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Early Modern Cultural Studies.

Sugg, Richard “‘Good Physic but Bad Food’: Early Modern Attitudes to Medicinal Cannibalism and its Suppliers.” Social History of Medicine 19. 2(2006): 225–240.

---. Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires: The History of Corpse Medicine from the Renaissance to the Victorians. London: Routledge, 2011.

Cannibalism and Early Modern Culture

Barnard, Debbie. “Serving the Master: Cannibalism and Transoceanic Representations of Cultural Identity.” International Journal of Francophone Studies 8.3 (2005): 321-339. Web.

Burnett, Mark Thornton. “Fill Gut and Pinch Belly: Writing Famine in the English Renaissance.” Explorations in Renaissance Culture 16(1995): 21-44.

Duggan, Anne E. “Epicurean Cannibalism, or France Gone Savage.” French Studies: A Quarterly Review 67.4(Oct. 2013): 463-477. Web. Project Muse.

Lobanov-Rostovsky, Sergei. The Cannibal Banquet: Violence, Enactment, Tragedy in the English Renaissance. Dissertation. Harvard University, 1993. ProQuest Dissertations. Web.

Marchi, Dudley M. “Montaigne and the New World: The Cannibalism of Cultural Production.” Modern Language Studies 23:4(Fall 1993): 35-54.

Martel, H. E. “Hans Staden’s Captive Soul: Identity, Imperialism, and Rumors of Cannibalism in Sixteenth-Century Brazil.” Journal of World History 17.1 (2006):51-69. JSTOR. Web.

Motohashi, Ted. “The Discourse of Cannibalism in Early Modern Travel Writing.” Travel Writing & Empire. Ed. Steve Clark. London: Zed Books, 1999. 83-99.

Price, Merrall Llewelyn. Consuming Passions: The Uses of Cannibalism in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Rubiés, Joan-Pau. “Texts, Images, and the Perception of ‘Savages’ in Early Modern Europe: What We Can Learn from White and Harriot.” European Visions: American Voices. Ed. Kim Sloan. London: British Museum, 2009. 120-130. http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/research_publications_series /2009/european_visions.aspx

Rubie ́s, Joan-Pau. Travellers and Cosmographers: Studies in the History of Early Modern Travel and Ethnology. London: Ashgate, 2007.

Sanberg, Brian. “Beyond Encounters: Religion, Ethnicity, and Violence in the Early Modern Atlantic World, 1492-1700.” Journal of World History 17.1 (March 2006): 1-25. Project Muse. Web.

Schreffler, Michael J. “Vespucci Rediscovers America: The Pictorial Rhetoric of Cannibalism in Early Modern Culture.” Art History 28.3 (Jun. 2005): 295-310.

Stegman, Dorothy L. “Communion and Cannibalism: Montaigne’s Consubstantial Memory. Dissertation. Indiana University, 1999. ProQuest Dissertations. Web.

Whatley, Janet. “Food and the Limits of Civility: The Testimony of Jean de Léry.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 15.4 (Winter 1984): 387-400. JSTOR. Web.

Williams, Wes. “’L’humanité du tout perdue?’: Early Modern Monsters, Cannibals and Human Souls.” History and Anthropology 23:2 (2012): 235-256. Taylor & Francis. Web.

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Williams, Wes. “‘A mirrour of mis-haps, /A Mappe of Miserie’: Dangers, Strangers, and Friends in Renaissance Pilgrimage.” ‘The Book of Travels’: Genre, Ethnology, and Pilgrimage 1250–1700. Ed. P. Brummett. Leiden: Brill, 2009. 205–239.

Williams, Wes. Monsters and their Meanings in Early Modern Culture: ‘Mighty Magic.’ Oxford: Oxford UP, 2001.

Whigham, Frank. “Reading Social Conflict in the Alimentary Tract: More on the Body in Renaissance Drama.” ELH 55:2(1988): 333-350.

Zika, Charles. “Cannibalism and Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe: Reading the Visual Images.” History Workshop Journal 44 (Autumn 1997): 77-105. JSTOR. Web.

French sources added by Harvey Gibson

Bertrand-Dorléac, Laurence. "L'histoire de l'art et les cannibales." Vingtième siècle: Revue d'histoire 45.1 (1995): 99-108. Persée. Web.

Ciarcia, Gaetano. “Le goût de la croyance. Sur la dénégation nécessaire et son objet fétiche.” L'homme 166 (2003): 171–184. JSTOR. Web.

Guille-Escuret, Georges. “Épistémologie du témoignage: Le cannibalisme ni vu ni connu.” L'homme 153 (2000): 183–205. JSTOR. Web.

Guille-Escuret, Georges. “Le syndrome Micromégas: Les glissières du rapport nature/culture : L’exemple du cannibalisme .” Techniques & culture 50 (2008): 182-205. http://tc.revues.org/3949

Guille-Escuret, Georges. "Cannibales isolés et monarques sans histoire." La redécouverte de l'Amérique. Spec. issue of L'homme 32.122/124 (1992): 327-45. JSTOR. Web.

Ionescu, Mariana. “Histoire de la femme cannibale: Du collage à l'autofiction.” Nouvelles études Francophones 22.1 (2007): 155–169. JSTOR. Web.

Ladan Niayesh. Aux frontières de l'humain: Figures du cannibalisme dans le théâtre Anglais de la Renaissance. Paris : Honoré Champion, 2009. Print. Bibliothèque littéraire de la Renaissance.

Mével, Yann. “Sous le signe de Cronos: Cannibalisme et mélancolie dans les romans de Beckett.” Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 10 (2000): 29–38. JSTOR.

Monestier, Martin. Cannibales: Histoire et bizarreries de l’anthropophagie. Paris: Le Cherche Midi, 2000. Print.

Picquart, Julien. Notre désir cannibale: Du mythe aux faits divers. Paris: La Musardine, 2011. Print.