The SIJ Transactions on Computer Science Engineering & its Applications (CSEA), Vol. 1, No. 4, September-October 2013 Smartphone: Android Vs IOS Aijaz Ahmad Sheikh*, Prince Tehseen Ganai**, Nisar Ahmad Malik*** & Khursheed Ahmad Dar**** *Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. E-Mail: [email protected] **Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. E-Mail: [email protected] ***Scholar, Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. E-Mail: [email protected] ****Scholar, Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract—The increasing importance of Smartphone has triggered intense competition among technology like Symbian, Google, Microsoft and Apple. This Paper presents a brief review and comparison of the Android operating System from Google and iphone operating System from Apple. The Comparison is done on the basis of their platform, their performances and the growth in mobile land. The Salient new key Features introduced in Android and IOS are also described. Keywords—Android; Apple; Applications; Google’s Android; iPhone; Java; Jelly Bean; Mobile Operating System; Objective C; Smartphone’s. Abbreviations—Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA); Iphone Operating System (IOS); Open Handset Alliance (OHA); Personal Digital Assistant (PDA); Software Development Kit (SDK). I. INTRODUCTION 1.2. Smartphone’s OS There are many Operating Systems for smart phones. The ODAY'S mobile devices are multi-functional devices main mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smart capable of hosting a broad range of applications for phones includes the following: both business and consumer use. Like a computer T Google's Android, operating system, a mobile operating system is the software Apple's iOS, platform that determines the functions and features available on your device, such as thumbwheel, keyboards, wireless Nokia's Symbian, security, and synchronization, messaging and more. RIM's BlackBerry OS, Some of the more common and well-known Mobile Microsoft's Windows Phone. operating systems are Google’s Android and Apple’s IOS Such operating systems can be installed on many because of their Popularity we are going to talk about these different phone models, and typically each device can receive two operating systems which are commonly seen in market multiple OS software updates over its lifetime. and then compare them with each other. Android from Google and IOS from Apple provides not only operating system but also provide a mobile development 1.1. Smartphone’s platform because both of them are facing tough competition A Smartphone is a mobile phone build on a mobile operating against each other. Now we are going to talk about the main system with more advanced computing capability and operating system respectively android and IOS which are connectivity than a phone. The first Smartphone’s combined commonly seen in market. the functions of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with a mobile phone. Some other features, Portable media players, Compact digital cameras, Pocket video cameras, GPS navigation, Web browsers, Touchscreen, Wi-Fi, Mobile Broadband. Figure 1: iPhone and Apple ISSN: 2321 – 2381 © 2013 | Published by The Standard International Journals (The SIJ) 141 The SIJ Transactions on Computer Science Engineering & its Applications (CSEA), Vol. 1, No. 4, September-October 2013 1.3. Android 1.4. IOS Android, Inc. was founded by Andy Rubin. In 2005, Google iOS is Apple`s mobile operating system. Originally acquired it and then the team led by Rubin developed a developed for the iphone, iOS now can also support other mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Finally, Apple`s devices such as itouch, ipad and Apple TV. Although On the November 5, 2007 the Open Handset Alliance, a it is derived from Mac OS X, iOS has the technologies that business alliance of several companies which include Google, are available only on itself, such as the Multi-Touch HTC, Intel, LG and other 76 firms unveiled itself. On the interface and accelerometer support, and these same day, the Open Handset Alliance also unveiled their first devices make iphone easier to use product, Android, a mobile device platform which was built [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mac_OS_X].[6] on the Linux kernel version 2.6 The other great feature of iOS is its numerous applications. [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulat According to the reference, iOS has more than 300,000 or.html].[1] And the first commercially available phone to applications in Apple`s App Store, which have collectively run the Android operating system was the HTC Dream, been downloaded more than 10 billion times. This can be released on 22 October 2008 credited to the iOS software development kit (SDK), which [http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platformv contains the code, information, and tools people need to ersions; http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what- develop, test, run, debug, and tune applications for iOS. isandroid.html]. However, loading an application onto the devices is only possible after paying an iPhone Development fee [Buck, 2010] II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 2.1. Android Architecture The Android architecture has several layers as showed in Figure 3. 2.1.1. Kernel Linux is support for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model [http://thecoffeedesk.com/news/index.php/2009/05/17/iphone -architecture/]. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer Figure 2: Internal Architecture and Working between the hardware and the rest of the software stack. The diagram shows the components of the Android OS. One of its most well known features is the applications (apps). Applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software Development Kit, but other development tools are available, including a Native Development Kit for applications or extensions in C or C++. Besides, by providing an open development platform, Android offers developers the ability to build extremely rich and innovative applications. Developers are free to take advantage of the device hardware, access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to the status bar, and much, much more. So, In April 2011 Google said there had been about 100,000 Figure 3: Android Architecture Android apps installed. The Android OS is used on smartphones, netbooks and tablets, including the Dell Streak, 2.1.2. Runtime Samsung Galaxy Tab, TV and other devices. And some Runtime includes core libraries and Dalvik virtual machine. research company estimated in Q2 2009 that Android had a Core libraries have a set of core libraries that provides most 2.8% share of worldwide smartphone shipments. By Q4 2010 of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java it had grown to 33% of the market, becoming the top-selling programming language. Every Android application runs in its smartphone platform. own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual [http://code.google.com/p/openintents/wiki/SensorSimulator]. machine. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal ISSN: 2321 – 2381 © 2013 | Published by The Standard International Journals (The SIJ) 142 The SIJ Transactions on Computer Science Engineering & its Applications (CSEA), Vol. 1, No. 4, September-October 2013 memory footprint. The VM is register-based, and runs classes 2.2.1. Hardware compiled by a Java language compiler that have been In iPhone, Hardware refers to the physical chips soldered to transformed into the .dex format by the included “dx” tool. the iPhone’s circuitry. The actual processor falls under this The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying layer, but the instruction set and in-memory descriptor tables functionality such as threading and low-level memory are contained within the “processor” layer. management. 2.2.2. Firmware 2.1.3. Libraries Firmware refers the chip-specific code that is either contained Android has a set of C/C++ libraries used by various with memory in/around the peripheral itself, or within the components of the Android system. These libraries are drive for said peripheral. exposed to developers. The system C library is a BSD- derived implementation of the standard C system library. The 2.2.3. Processor media libraries are based on PacketVideo’s openCORE Processor is refers to the ARM instruction set and the which support playback and recording of many popular audio interrupt descriptor table as set up by the iPhone OS during formats. The surface manager manages access to the display boot and driver initialization. subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications [Claudio Maia et al., 2010]. 2.2.4. iPhone OS 2.1.4. Application Framework iPhone OS is the kernel, drivers, and services that comprise of the iPhone Operating System. It sits between the user All Android applications are written with Java programming space and hardware. language, it ships with a set of core applications including email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts 2.2.5. Objective-C Runtimes and others. Android offers developers