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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Bitopic Arylpiperazine-Phthalimides As Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists

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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Bitopic Arylpiperazine-Phthalimides As Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for MedChemComm. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Bitopic Arylpiperazine-phthalimides as Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists Yongkai Caoa,b,c,1, Ningning Sunb,1, Jiumei Zhangc,1, Zhiguo Liud, Yi-zhe Tangc, Zhengzhi Wuc,*, Kyeong-Man Kimb,* and Seung Hoon Cheonb, a Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China b College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea c The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035,China d Chemical Biology Research at School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China 1. Docking The SYBYL-X 2.0 program was used for ligand sketching, hydrogen addition, and minimization with the Trips force field and Gasteriger-Huckel charges.1 The dopaminergic receptors, D3R (PDB code: 3PBL) and D2R (PDB code: 6C38), were refined using the Biopolymer module implemented in SYBYL-X 2.0. After the removal of all the ligands and water molecules, the N- and C-termini were treated with charges. Subsequently, hydrogens were added and staged minimizations were performed using AMBER7_FF99 force field and Gasteriger-Marsili charges. The most selective D3R ligand among the identified compounds, compound 9i, was docked into the refined D2R 2 and D3R with the program LeDock (www.lephar.com). Briefly, a rectangular box was generated in the LeDockGUI, a free graphics user interface of VMD, based on the binding pockets of eticlopride in D3R and risperidone in D2R. The compound 9i was docked into the dopaminergic receptors using LeDock program and for each ligands, 30 poses were generated and clustered by a RMSD cutoff of 1 Å. The docking results were analyzed by VMD frame by frame. The final reasonable binding conformations were accomplished by docking energy and poses. Docking poses were further minimized with the CHARMM force field.3 1 These authors contribute equally to this work. Corresponding authors: Tel.: +82625302929, fax: +82625302911, e-mail: [email protected] (S.H. Cheon); Tel.: +82625302936, fax: +82625302949, e-mail: [email protected] (K.M. Kim); Tel. and fax: +8675525622938, E-mail: [email protected] (Z. Wu). Figure S1. 2D diagram of interactions between 9i and D3R (A) and D2R (B) 2. Chemistry 2.1 General synthesis of N-phenylpiperazines To a solution of bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride in 1ml diethylene glycol monomethyl ether was added varying substitution anilines, the mixture was allowed to reflux at 130°C for 15 hours. After cooling, 1 mL MeOH was added to reaction mixture followed by addition of 100 mL Et2O. The resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with Et2O to give corresponding piperazine hydrochloride salts.4 The salts were directly used in next step without further purification. 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (8a) 1 Compound 8a was obtained as a yellowish solid. Yield: 50%. H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.55 (s, 2H), 7.34–7.18 (m, 2H), 7.07–6.83 (m, 2H), 3.46–3.29 (m, 4H), 3.17 (s, 4H). 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (8b) 1 Compound 8b was obtained as a yellowish solid. Yield: 65.3%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.98–6.87 (m, 2H), 6.84–6.72 (m, 1H), 3.56–3.44 (m, 4H), 3.40 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 4H). 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (8c) 1 Compound 8c was obtained as a colorless solid. Yield: 70%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.90 (s, 2H), 7.39 (ddd, J = 7.76, 1.53, 0.54 Hz, 1H), 7.29–7.21 (m, 1H), 7.12–7.00 (m, 2H), 3.42 (d, J = 10.83 Hz, 8H). 1-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazine (8d) 1 Compound 8d was obtained as a yellowish solid. Yield: 63.1%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21–7.04 (m, 2H), 6.95 (dd, J = 5.7, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (ddd, J = 12.7, 5.0, 1.8 Hz, 8H). 1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)piperazine (8e) 1 Compound 8e was obtained as a yellowish solid. Yield: 76.5%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.13–3.05 (m, 4H), 3.02 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 4H). 1-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine (8f) 1 Compound 8f was obtained as a yellowish solid. Yield: 61.9%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16–7.04 (m, 2H), 3.56 (dd, J = 6.4, 3.8 Hz, 4H), 3.42 (dd, J = 6.4, 3.8 Hz, 4H). 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)piperazine (8g) 1 Compound 8g was obtained as yellowish solid. Yield: 75%. H NMR (500 MHz, cd3od) δ 7.32 – 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.13 – 7.04 (m, 2H), 3.61 – 3.54 (m, 4H), 3.51 (dd, J = 6.46, 3.47 Hz, 4H). 1-(2-Fluorophenyl)piperazine (8h) 1 Compound 8h was obtained as yellowish solid. Yield: 87.5%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.11–6.88 (m, 4H), 3.06 (s, 8H). 1-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)piperazine (8i) 1 Compound 8i was obtained as yellowish solid. Yield: 97.9%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.12–6.99 (m, 1H), 6.97–6.85 (m, 1H), 6.80 (t, J = 7.75 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 8H). 1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)piperazine (8j) Compound 8j was prepared as yellowish solid. Rf= 0.091 (CH2Cl2/MeOH=10:1). Yield: 52.8%. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.95 (s, 2H), 6.94 (td, J = 9.53, 9.21, 5.65 Hz, 1H), 6.90–6.74 (m, 2H), 3.39 (d, J = 7.82 Hz, 8H). 1-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)piperazine (8k) Compound 8k was afforded as yellowish solid. Rf= 0.121 (CH2Cl2/MeOH=10:1). Yield: 1 84.3%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.95 (s, 2H), 7.02–6.89 (m, 1H), 6.84 (tdd, J = 8.71, 5.91, 3.20 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 8H). 1-(4-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)piperazine (8l) Compound 8l was obtained as a colorless solid. Yield: 72.7%. Rf= 0.061 1 (CH2Cl2/MeOH=10:1). H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.95 (s, 2H), 7.17–7.00 (m, 2H), 6.88 (dd, J = 12.85, 4.93 Hz, 1H), 3.50–3.32 (m, 8H). 1-(2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine (8m) 1 Compound 8m was furnished as colorless solid. Yield: 39.1%. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31 (dd, J = 9.22, 3.41 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (ddd, J = 15.41, 8.20, 5.25 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (d, J = 2.54 Hz, 8H). 3.2 General procedure of N-alkylation N-(4-Bromobutyl)phthalimide was added to a suspension of 4-phenylpiperazine, K2CO3 and NaI in acetonitrile. The reaction mixture was allowed to reflux overnight and monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10:1). Upon completion of reaction, K2CO3 was removed by filtration and washed by acetone. The resulting filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with EtOAc/hexane (1:4→1:3) to furnish target compounds. 2-(4-(4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (9a) Compound 9a was obtained as pale-yellow solid. Rf= 0.234 (CH2Cl2/EtOAc=1:1). Yield: 1 73.8%. Mp: 138–141°C. H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.85 (dd, J = 5.37, 3.10 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (dd, J = 5.48, 3.02 Hz, 2H), 7.27 – 7.10 (m, 2H), 6.90 – 6.76 (m, 2H), 3.73 (t, J = 6.98 Hz, 2H), 3.26 – 3.12 (m, 4H), 2.69 (s, 4H), 2.59 – 2.43 (m, 2H), 1.73 (dd, J = 14.17, 7.09 Hz, 2H), 1.68 13 – 1.56 (m, 2H). C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 172.62, 153.47, 138.07, 135.84, 132.86, 128.90, 127.18, 121.43, 61.71, 56.73, 52.65, 41.52, 30.37, 27.40. 2-(4-(4-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (9b) Compound 9b was obtained as light yellow solid. Rf= 0.25 (CH2Cl2/EtOAc=1:1). Yield: 75%. 1 Mp: 111–112°C. H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (dd, J = 5.45, 3.04 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J = 5.46, 3.04 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (dd, J = 7.89, 1.50 Hz, 1H), 7.25 – 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J = 8.06, 1.46 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (td, J = 7.78, 1.51 Hz, 1H), 3.81 – 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 4H), 2.63 (s, 4H), 2.51 – 2.38 (m, 2H), 1.74 (dt, J = 14.85, 7.51 Hz, 2H), 1.66 – 1.50 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 168.42, 149.29, 133.88, 132.11, 130.58, 128.72, 127.54, 123.57, 123.16, 120.33, 58.02, 53.35, 51.18, 37.85, 26.60, 24.23. 2-(4-(4-(2-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (9c) Compound 9c was furnished as light yellow solid. Rf= 0.242 (CH2Cl2/EtOAc=1:1).
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