Renault Offers CNG Truck Adapted to Refuse the Manufacturer Has Been Selling Ngvs Over a Decade

Volume 14 #2 Number 159 April 2015

It operates equally on natural gas or biomethane Renault offers CNG truck adapted to refuse The manufacturer has been selling NGVs over a decade.

Long-term plan Energy Union Opinion pushes to break Green mobility: oil dependence major topic in automobile industry

2 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

NGV European News 4

European Association April Report 5

Opinion. Green mobility is a demand 7

The Italian NGV Industry 11

LNG Section 14

NGV Africa 18

H2 transportation 22

LPG News 25

Electric Vehicles 28

Worldwide NGV statistics 32 The GVR: 2015 Journalistic Timetable

Edition Month Deadline Special report 156 January 14 December LNG vehicles. Potential and applications 157 February 14 January A new challenge to face: biomethane widespread use in transportation. 158 March 14 February Cylinder outlook: market needs and new technologies 159 April 14 March Non-traditional European markets. Business Opportunities.NGVAfrica (Refueling Africa) 160 May 14 April L-NGV 2015 San Diego. Complete coverage. 161 June 14 May Special Distribution at World Gas Conference 162 July 13 June Italy: NGV evolution from its cradle. Other clean fuels in the country. 163 August 14 July Valves. What’s new on this segment.NGVAfrica (LDVs & HDVs in the region) 164 September 14 August Vehicles running on clean fuels. Sales and new models. 165 October 14 September Clean fleets. Successful experiences. 166 November 14 October LNG adption in marine applications. Special distribution at Ecomondo. 167 December 21 November Balance of the year. Projections for 2016.

A voice from Europe to the world, in the service of ecology and economy

The Gas Vehicles Report is a publication of NGV Communica- ITALY ARGENTINA KOREA USA tions Group, publishing house and fairs-conferences organizer, Vicolo Gonzaga 13 Uspallata 711 300-5 Changchon-Ri 1001 Texas Ave., Suite which website is www.ngvjournal.com. Five magazines that 46045 CP 1268 Namsan-Myun 1400 - PMB 174, reach the whole world: The Gas Vehicles Report, NGV Journal. Marmirolo (Mn) Capital Federal Chuncheon-Si Kangwon-Do Houston, TX 77002, US, Asian NGV Communications, Prensa Vehicular Argentina Italy Argentina 200-911 KOREA USA and Prensa Vehicular Peru. We speak about Alternative Fuels in 16 languages and to over 100 countries. Signed articles are Tel. +39 0376294055 Tel.+54 11 43074559 Tel. +82 33 260 3456 Tel: +1 713-4905780 exclusive responsibility of the authors, as well as advertising [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Fax: +1 713-4906781 companies and agencies are responsible for the published ads. www.thegvr.com www.ngvjournal.com www.ngvjournal.com www.ngvjournal.us

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4 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

NGV European news

France Samara. Within the framework of the city fleet upgrade before the FIFA World Cup 2018, other 33 environmentally Renault Trucks now completes its distribution range with the friendly LiAZ buses were expected to be shipped to Samara D Wide CNG, which operates equally well on CNG or by late March. The vehicles have a passenger capacity of biomethane. The manufacturer has been developing and min. 85 seats and special equipment for wheelchair access. selling vehicles running on compressed natural gas since LiAZ vehicles have been used for many significant sports 2004. events. As a bus supplier of the Olympic Games in Sochi, The D Wide CNG is equipped with the new Euro 6 NGT9 6 GAZ Group produced 30 LiAZ-529230 buses for the cylinder engine with a displacement of 9 L and a power Olympics 2014. Since completion of the Olympics, such rating of 320 hp. This engine offers dynamic qualities and buses have been used in Saint Petersburg. Also 709 tourist driving comfort on a par with that of a diesel engine, while at buses made by the manufacturer were used for the same time providing higher torque (1,356 Nm) and transportation during the Olympics and now are used in the lower noise levels. The model is available in two Moscow Region. configurations: rigid 4×2, 19 t and rigid 6×2, 26 t. Oleg Fursov, Chief of the City Administration of Samara, said: The brand new truck features a fully automatic Allison series “For the first time in 20 years, our city has received such a 3200 gearbox, perfectly adapted to refuse collection large bus batch. In the light of significant wear and tear of applications. Like the diesel version, the D Wide CNG has a the Samara bus fleet, 82 new LiAZ buses are a great gearbox which automatically switches from neutral to driving solution of some transportation problems of the city. We mode and vice versa. This allows the driver to activate the want to increase comfort of our citizens by further bus fleet tipper without having to manually change into neutral. upgrade”. In order to meet every need, the D Wide CNG is available “Bus fleet upgrade in Samara is long-term program. We with a choice of two fuel tank capacities: 600 L of gas want to buy new buses on a yearly basis. In 2018, Samara compressed to 200 bars, which is 90 kg of gas in six tanks will host some FIFA games, and we need upgrade our fleet to or 800 L, which is 120 kg of gas using eight tanks. make it meet the Organizing Committee requirements,” For fuelling, the vehicle offers connections to the NGV1 and added Nikolay Merkushin, Governor of the Samara Region. NGV 2 standards in order to meet the requirements of gas suppliers in Europe. United Kingdom These steel tanks have been designed to resist a pressure of up to 500 bars, which is 2.5 times higher than normal and The UK’s first dedicated natural gas powered Scania tractor remain operational for more than 20 years. unit has now entered service with leading digital retailer Like company’s diesel vehicles, the natural gas power truck is Argos and with four more being commissioned later this produced at Blainville-sur-Orne, in the Calvados Déparetment month. In addition to meeting the Euro 6 exhaust emissions of France, and serviced and maintained by the Renault standard when operated on biomethane, reductions of up to Trucks network throughout Europe. 70 per cent can be achieved. The vehicles are also extremely quiet, meaning they are particularly suitable for Sweden use in rural areas. David Landy, Argos Fleet Manager, said: “The ultra-low Westport Innovations Inc. announced the introduction of its emissions and environmental benefits of these trucks makes new combustion technology in Volvo Car Company’s new them an extremely attractive proposition. The trucks are a Drive-E powertrain bi-fuel engine. “This new powertrain unique manufacturer’s offer, opposed to an aftermarket consisting of Volvo’s new Drive-E petrol engine paired with adaption, which made our purchasing decision easy. Westport’s gas technology in a highly efficient bi-fuel engine, The research and development process Scania has will offer customers a very competitive combination of high undertaken in the product, along with a ten year performance and low emissions,” said Anders H. Gustavs- duty-differential promise from the government, gives us a son, Vice President VLM Special Products, Volvo Car Group. great deal of confidence in natural gas powered operation”. Volvo Cars is the first OEM to feature this new system. It will These trucks will be based at Argos’ Magna Park, be used on Volvo’s new two-liter, direct injection, four-cylinder Lutterworth distribution centre, just a few miles from the Drive-E powertrain family, which will be available on the Volvo Gasrec refueling station at the DIRFT in Daventry. With an V60 and V70 2016 models. Currently the Volvo Bi-Fuel has expected range of up to 450 kilometers, the vehicles will run been sold only in Sweden; however Westport is open to initially on daily return-to-base operations, but in the future introducing this model in other EU markets depending on this could change as the UK natural gas refueling customer demand. infrastructure continues to develop and grow, reported the Part of the Volvo Engine Architecture family – ranked as one executive. of the best engine families in the world – this engine offers Plated at 40-tonnes gross train weight, each vehicle will be 245 hp and 350Nm in torque and emissions as low as 40g equipped with Scania's OC09 102, nine-litre, Euro 6 engine. CO2/km (according to the Swedish Transport Administra- Delivering 340hp (250kW) at 1,900 rpm and 1,600Nm of tion’s calculation method for Biogas), and is expected to be torque between 1,100 and 1,400 rpm, this engine is one of the greenest, most powerful natural gas engines in designed to operate solely on gas (compressed or liquified) the world. and offers a high thermal efficiency of 40 percent. “Westport has provided a turnkey solution that includes According to Martin Hay, UK Truck Sales Director for Scania technology research and development, production, (Great Britain) Limited, today there are approaching 4,000 installation and market support,” said Anders Johansson, natural gas powered Scania vehicles in service around the Managing Director, Westport Sweden. “As gasoline engines world. The introduction of the new vehicles also represents a evolve, it is critical that OEMs offer natural gas versions of major milestone in a project created by Innovate UK these engines that retain the expected performance while (formerly Technology Strategy Board) to assess the benefits providing the environmental and economic benefits of of gas to the UK haulage industry. compressed natural gas.” “A key aim of the project has been to introduce gas-powered vehicles into service at Magna Park in the run-up to a Russia publicly-accessible gas refueling station scheduled to open on site later this year,” says John Baldwin, Managing Director of GAZ Group, a member of Basic Element, has supplied 49 CNG Services, which leads the project in collaboration with semi-low-floor LiAZ-529370 CNG buses to the city of Gasrec, Argos, DHL Supply Chain, Culina Logistics and Eddie Stobart. April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 5

Three Eastern European transit fleets add 65 new CNG and LNG buses

Russian manufacturer Kamaz has contributed to the re- newal of Bashkiria’s bus fleet with the delivery of 30 Nefaz 5299-30-51 city buses running on CNG to transit agency Bashavtotrans in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The buses were received under the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On Approval of Rules for Gran- ting Subsidies for Purchasing Gas-Powered Buses and Equipment for Housing and Communal Services”.

Nefaz 5299-30-51 is a 60% low-floor bus equipped with a Mercedes-Benz M 906 LAG/EEV/1 (Euro 5) gas engine and adapted for transportation of people with disabilities. The bus accommodates 105 passengers at most. In the basic version, the bus features a kneeling system (a device tilting the vehicle which saves time at bus stops and enables passengers to board and leave the bus more easily).

Moreover, Gazprom Germania and Polish manufacturer Solbus have launched 35 LNG-powered buses in the streets of Warsaw, after winning a public tender issued by Warsaw’s municipal transport company MZA Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe sp. Gazprom is both supplying the LNG and the refueling for the buses built by Solbus. The companies previously launched Europe’s first 11 LNG city buses in the Polish city of Olsztyn in October 2013.

“Natural gas-powered buses both emit significantly fewer pollutants than comparable diesel buses and have motors that are significantly quieter, which is particularly welcome in the inner city. That’s why we and our Polish partner Solbus want to convince more customers of the benefits of natural gas for transport,” said Timo Vehrs, Director of Business Development at Gazprom Germania GmbH.

The city of Warsaw stands to benefit from using LNG, which is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative fuel for public transport. “Natural gas-powered buses are a very tangible solution for eco-friendly public transport in Warsaw. Natural gas is considerably cheaper. Using natural gas also makes us less dependent on oil”, stated MZA spokesperson Adam Stawicki.

Gazprom and its partners are working on a number of projects promoting the use of natural gas for transport; it is also investing in the infrastructure necessary to operate NGVs throughout Europe. Gazprom Germania plans to be operating 35 natural gas filling stations around Germany by the end of 2015, and is working on improving CNG and LNG infrastructure in Poland, Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

Large order from Czech agency

As a result of winning a competitive tender, Solaris has acquired an order from Ostrava City Transport for the delivery of 105 buses. The total amount of the contract reaches ⇔25 million. According to the conditions, 90 Urbino 12 and 15 articulated Urbino 18 will be handed over to the customer before the end of this year. Each of the 105 buses will be equipped with CNG powered engines.

These Solaris buses are purchased within the large-scale project to renew Ostrava’s fleet. The decision to buy gas-powered vehicles is proof that the city opts for new technology. Besides the investment into the modern vehicles, the operator intends to build two CNG refueling stations in the near future.

There are already 174 Solaris vehicles running on the streets of the capital of Silesian Moravia. Moreover, the already sizable collection of trolleybuses soon will be boosted with another 12 units, constructed in cooperation with Škoda Electric.

“The Czech Republic has become one of our key markets and the most stable export directions in recent years. We are glad that Solaris products have that level of credibility among our southern neighbors and that such a big trust is placed in Solaris. Big orders like this are confirmation of our substantial competence in technology. It also shows how good credentials our vehicles have in Ostrava,” said Zbigniew Palenica, interim Solaris Bus & Coach Member of the Board for Sales and Marketing. 6 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

European Association April Report

Natural Gas Vehicle Association Europe Energy Union pushes to break oil dependence and decarbonise transport - opportunities for gas!

NGVA welcomes the Energy Union Strategy, a long term plan for reorganising the EU’s energy and climate policy introduced by the European Commission on 25 February, which will create major opportunities for gas. The strategy outlines additional measures with the objective to secure supply of energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency and lower Europe’s oil dependence, especially in the transport sector.

At the same time, NGVA Europe calls for ensuring technology neutrality and points out that compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG), including biomethane, will substantially contribute to reaching the EU’s sustainability targets for both urban and long distance road transport in a cost efficient way. Main driver in the development will be the successful implementation of Directive 2014/94/EU on deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure.

The Energy Union’s Roadmap outlines planned actions in the field of transport, inter alia elaboration of post 2020 emission targets for cars and vans as well as an emission monitoring and reporting system for heavy duty vehicles, with the respective proposals to be laid down by 2016.

A review of the Directive on the promotion of clean and energy efficient vehicles will be launched in 2016, which aims at promoting the “use of road charging schemes based on the polluter-pays principle”. Furthermore, a communication is foreseen on decarbonising the transport sector, including an action plan on second and third generation biofuels and other alternative fuels (2016-2017). The strategy also contains an action plan “to explore the full potential of LNG” for storage and supply, focusing on developing the internal market and increasing interconnectivity.

The increased development and use of energy from renewable sources is supposed to be ensured by a Renewable Energy Package, which includes a new Renewable Energy Directive for 2030. Power to gas and biomethane, gas from renewable sources, are part of the Energy Union Strategy as a contributor to “local production and storage” of energy. Noteworthy is that this would only be achievable via an increased share of renewable methane blended with natural gas, to be used in the existing vehicles and infrastructure for CNG or LNG.

The Commission’s plan is discussed by EU leaders in March before work is started on draft legislative initiatives, where NGVA will offer its support and active involvement.

Source: European Commission, NGVA Europe

NGVA Europe... for sustainable mobility April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 7

EU to fund development of CNG infrastructure in northern Sweden

The EU will support with more than €2 million the pilot deployment of filling stations for compressed natural gas (CNG) on the road network in northern Sweden. Two new CNG stations will be built in Härnösand and Umeå, while two existing facilities, located in Sundsvall and Skellefteå, are upgraded as part of the action.

The BioGaC project, in which lessons learned, as the BioGaC association member AGA Gas project will serve as a decision- participates, won the subsidies making tool for policy-making under under the EU’s Trans-European similar circumstances. Transport Network (TEN-T) Experiences and results from the Programme, selected under trial, which started in March 2014 Priority 2, “Decarbonisation (Oil and lasts until December 2015, are substitution or environmental cost also benefitting the planning and reduction)”. The Swedish initiative’s construction of future filing stations primary aim is to increase the in the area. Fuel distributors find coverage of CNG stations in the established local markets and are northern part of the country, in given assistance regarding building order to encourage regional use permits and the business challenges and create a market opportunity involved in successfully constructing for new investors. and running a CNG filling station. Improving the refuelling network The approach already proved for CNG and liquefied natural gas successful, as companies AGA Gas (LNG) in northern Sweden, a very and Statoil have decided to build an transport intense region due to additional station in Sundsvall. OKQ8 station in Umeå, part of the mining and forestry, holds huge With a well developed market for BioGaC project (Matt Bourillion). potential for increasing the gas-powered mobility, Sweden region’s competitiveness and currently counts 50.000 natural gas established by the European becoming less dependent on the vehicles, more than 200 filling Commission to support the volatile oil price. However, long stations for CNG, and 6 for LNG. construction and upgrade of distances between cities and the However, the refuelling infrastructure transport infrastructure along 9 lack of a gas transmission grid is unevenly distributed in the country, core network corridors across the have created a ‘chicken and egg’ with a high concentration of stations European Union. The funding dilemma, meaning there are not in the more densely populated scheme is succeeded by the CEF enough filling stations for southern part and only 4 in the Transport Programme, which consumers to buy natural gas northern territory. intends to complete the TEN-T vehicles, and not enough gas- Locally produced biomethane is the Core Network and its corridors by powered vehicles for fuel main source of supply in the north, 2030. distributors to invest in refuelling with the production sites for the “The BioGaC project is, together infrastructure. renewable gas being owned by the with many other TEN-T projects in To break the stalemate, the local municipalities. That way the Sweden focusing on CNG and BioGaC project not only counts high transport costs for CNG are LNG, an important tool to develop with strong support by Swedish eliminated, but to ensure reliable the market. It shows that the decision makers; the initiative is in supply, LNG is used as a backup and actors on the Swedish market are fact a result of the political also serves as extra stock supply in a driving force for sustainable and commitment of five municipalities, case demand grows faster than the low-emission transports. The with Skellefteå taking a leading biomethane production. Directive on infrastructure for role. Closely involved in the whole The Innovation and Networks alternative fuels is an important process, politicians have declared Executive Agency (INEA) handling the tool for this development”, says to switch to CNG for fuelling their EU’s subsidy scheme is convinced Anders Mathiasson, CEO of the own fleets used for e.g. home the BioGaC project will “have a good Swedish Gas Association. care, bus transport and waste impact on CNG distribution reliability collection, thereby creating a base in northern Sweden” and lead to Source: BioGaC, European market encouraging follow-up more cost-efficient ways of using the Commission, NGVA Europe investment from the private existing alternative fuel sector. Other local and regional infrastructure. NGVA Europe... for sustainable decision makers will gain from the The TEN-T Programme was mobility 8 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report Opinion Green mobility is a demand For more than ten years sustainable mobility, understood as a greater use of alternative technologies with lower environmental impact, is without a doubt a major topic in the automobile industry. The demand for reducing vehicle pollution -which accounts for 16% of the total CO2 emissions and 13% of greenhouse emissions (OICA, “Climate change and CO2”) globally- is being considered by a growing number of countries which, in many cases, are taking actions in that direction. Among these, the introduction of more restrictive emission standards and taxes for OEMs can be mentioned. This is the case, in Europe, of resolution 443, which imposes a progressive threshold of CO2 emissions based on the real number of cars sold on manufacturers. The goal in Europe is 130g/km in 2015 and 95g/km by 2020. Therefore, it is a quantitative formulation, which aims not only at specific levels of emission of a given vehicle but Corrado Storchi also at a global reduction, in terms of millions of tons, of the cu- Landi Renzo rrent vehicle fleet. Public Affairs Director

Manufacturers’ strategy in are very successful abroad. That is mentioned, have market shares the case of natural gas-powered only in some countries. Europe and gas figures in the Volkswagen Golf, which is world commercialized in Italy as of April With regard to countries outside 2014: this model, in the 9 months Europe, LPG has been adopted Today, natural gas and LPG are that followed, represented 22% of all mainly in South Korea and Turkey, the two alternative fuels that are Golf sold, with a growing trend (33% which with 6.5 million units most used by vehicles in the last trimester of 2013). In represent 26% of the vehicle fleet manufacturers in Europe to Germany, however, only 0.5% of the powered by this gas, around 25 comply with these thresholds and Golf sold during the same period ran million vehicles (14.6 million in avoid heavy sanctions. This is a on methane. 2008). For the most part, it is choice made with the awareness natural gas the most popular that these two gases not only Evidently, OEMs are also selling elec- choice: vehicles powered by reduce CO2 by 20% and 10% tric vehicles (pure, extended range or natural gas were 9.4 million in respectively but also that they plug-in) or hybrids. In the EU-28 area, 2008, while by the end of 2014 don’t produce any particulates. these vehicles represented 1.8% of its number raised to almost 22 The sales of vehicles powered by the market in 2014, just like natural million. these fuels are not, however, gas and LPG which, however, as consistent: their market share in Italy is 14%; their use in the Netherlands, Poland and some countries in Eastern Europe goes back many years but mostly due to the conversion of vehicles already in use; in other countries (Great Britain, France, Spain) its implementation is marginal. Germany’s case is very particular, as all “alternative” new vehicles in 2014 (i.e., not only NGVs but also hybrid and EVs) obtained a modest market share of 1.7%.

However, some German manufacturers offer models that The new Landi Renzo R&D Center April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 9

Opinion

No other technology alternative to vector in fuel cell), hybrids and In fact, even staunch advocates of traditional fuels has shown such different types of electric. a “unique solution” for the future of high quantitative progress in this green mobility have long abando- period of time. It should not be Indeed, figures confirm the current ned such a fundamentalist position. forgotten that there is still a great marginality of these options: a little Today’s real issue then is not what amount of old and polluting over 700 thousand plug-in electric the best solution is but rather vehicles: in Western Europe, those vehicles were sold up to this date which “package” of measures older than 10 years represent in the world, whereas regarding should be adopted. The territory, 37%. It is clear that not all of fuel cells, models such as Toyota the development of supply infras- these are to be shortly replaced by Mirai and Hyundai ix35FCEV have tructure, the kind of vehicle and its newly manufactured vehicles, thus recently become available. Hybrid use are all the variables that make gaining relevance the possibility of vehicles have a bigger market the adoption of diverse solutions converting part of it, reducing its penetration: there are 9 million reasonable. impact on air quality: this is only sold worldwide up to date, 7.5 possible thanks to the installation million of which are in Japan and It seems that a new prospect that of natural gas or LGP systems. USA. contemplates a mixture between the several technologies available is Gas and other technologies: Actually, it is clear that the lack of starting to be outlined: a vehicle infrastructure for supply in most of that unifies a plug-in battery not one favorite but all together the countries is still a limitation to (or powered by hydrogen thanks to the spread of these technologies – fuel cells) with a cylinder filled with The above data and its related along with limited driving range and methane appears to be the best statements seem to contrast with the impact generated by the cost example of green cooperation. other green technologies’ of these technologies on the final supporters: hydrogen (as energy price of the vehicle. 10 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

Opinion La mobilità ecologica è un’esigenza Da oltre un decennio la mobilità ecologica, intesa come un maggiore utilizzo di tecnologie alternative e con minor impatto ambientale, è indubbiamente un tema centrale nel settore automobilistico. L’esigenza di ridurre l’inquinamento prodotto dai veicoli, che a livello mondiale pesa per il 16% sul totale delle emissioni di CO2 e per il 13% sulle emissioni globali dei gas a effetto serra (OICA, “Climate change and CO2), è sentita da un numero crescente di Paesi che, in molti casi, intraprendono azioni in tal senso. Tra queste, l’imposizione di standard di emissione sempre più restrittivi e imposti alle case automobilistiche. E’ il caso, in Europa, della normativa 443, che impone ad ogni singolo produttore soglie progressive di emissioni CO2, basate sul reale numero di auto vendute. I target globali a livello europeo sono 130 g/km nel 2015 e 95g/km nel 2020. Si tratta quindi di un’impostazione quantitativa, che non punta solo ai livelli specifici di emissione di ogni singola auto, ma alla riduzione complessiva, in termini di milioni di tonnellate, dei veicoli circolanti.

Le strategie delle Case Auto in modello Golf, con una tendenza Turchia, che con 6,5 milioni di crescente (33% nell’ultimo trimes- veicoli rappresentano il 26% del Europa e i numeri del gas nel tre 2014). Ma, in Germania, solo il parco circolante mondiale alimen- mondo 0,5% delle Golf immatricolate negli tato con questo gas, pari a 25 stessi mesi del 2014 erano ali- milioni di veicoli (14,6 milioni nel Oggi, GPL e Metano sono i due mentate a metano. 2008). Nella maggior parte dei carburanti alternativi più utilizzati casi, il metano è invece la scelta dalle Case Auto, in Europa, per Ovviamente le Case Auto stanno più diffusa: basti pensare che nel rispettare quelle soglie e, quindi, vendendo anche veicoli elettrici mondo i veicoli alimentati a metano per evitare di pagare pesantissime (puri, extended range o plug-in) o erano 9,4 milioni nel 2008, sanzioni. Una scelta che nasce ibridi: nell’area EU-28 hanno mentre a fine 2014 essi erano dalla consapevolezza che i due gas rappresentato l’1,8% del mercato diventati quasi 22 milioni. Nessun riducono non solo la CO2, nel 2014, così come GPL e Me- altra tecnologia alternativa ai rispettivamente del 10% e del 20% tano che però, come detto, hanno carburanti tradizionali ha ottenuto circa, ma anche il particolato, di quote di mercato solo in alcuni un tale progresso quantitativo, in cui sono privi. Paesi. questo lasso di tempo. Le vendite di veicoli alimentati con Per quanto riguarda invece i Paesi questi carburanti non sono però extra-europei, il GPL è particolar- Non va poi dimenticato che nel omogenee: in Italia essi hanno una mente adottato in Corea del Sud e mondo esiste ancora un’enorme quota di mercato pari al 14%, in Olanda, Polonia e alcuni Paesi dell’est europeo il loro utilizzo è una consuetudine da molti anni, ma soprattutto grazie alle conversioni di veicoli già circolanti; in altri Paesi (UK, Francia, Spagna) esso è marginale. Singolare il caso della Germania, dove tutte le immatricolazioni “alternative” nel 2014 (quindi non solo gas, ma anche ibride ed elettriche) hanno ottenuto una quota di mercato pari soltanto all’1,7%. Eppure alcuni produttori tedeschi hanno nella loro gamma modelli che altrove hanno un grande successo. E’ il caso della Golf a metano, che in Italia è stata commercializzata nell’aprile 2014: questa variante, nei 9 mesi successivi, ha rappresentato il 22% delle immatricolazioni del April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 11

Opinion quantità di veicoli vetusti ed confermano l’attuale marginalità di ecologica hanno già da tempo inquinanti: nell’Europa occidentale, queste opzioni: poco più di abbandonato una presa di quelle con più di 10 anni 700mila gli elettrici plug-in venduti posizione così integralista. rappresentano il 37 %. E’ evidente sino ad oggi nel mondo, mentre Il vero tema oggi non è quindi come questi non siano tutti per quanto riguarda le fuel cell “quale” sia la soluzione migliore, sostituibili, in breve tempo, con solo da pochissimo tempo sono ma quale sia il “pacchetto” di veicoli di nuova fabbricazione; disponibili modelli quali la Toyota soluzioni da adottare. I territori, la assume quindi rilevanza la Mirai e la Hyundai ix35FCEV. presenza o lo sviluppo di possibilità di convertirne una Maggiore penetrazione per i veicoli infrastrutture di rifornimento, il buona parte, rendendoli pertanto ibridi: sono 9 milioni quelli venduti tipo e lo scopo di utilizzo del “subito” meno impattanti sulla nel mondo sino ad oggi, di cui 7,5 veicolo: sono tutte variabili che qualità dell’aria: ciò è possibile solo tra Giappone e USA. rendono logica l’adozione di grazie all’installazione di sistemi diverse soluzioni. GPL e Metano. In realtà, è evidente che la ca- renza di infrastrutture di riforni- Sembra delinearsi anche un Il gas e le altre tecnologie: mento o ricarica nella maggior orizzonte che prevede una parte dei Paesi sia ancora un fat- commistione tra le varie tecnologie non una su tutte, ma tutte tore limitante alla diffusione di disponibili: un veicolo che unisca insieme queste tecnologie (unitamente alla una batteria plug-in (o alimentata limitata autonomia chilometrica ed dall’idrogeno, grazie alle celle a Questi dati e le affermazioni ad all’incidenza del costo di queste combustibile) ed un serbatoio essi correlate sembrano tecnologie sul prezzo finale del vei- pieno di metano, pare essere un contrastare i sostenitori di altre colo). ottimo esempio di “collaborazione” tecnologie green: idrogeno (come green. vettore energetico nelle fuel cell), Va infatti evidenziato che persino i Corrado Storchi, ibride ed elettriche di vario genere. principali fautori della “soluzione Direttore Media e Relazioni Effettivamente i numeri unica” per il futuro della mobilità Istituzionali di Landi Renzo. 12 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

The Italian NGV Industry

Cutting-edge technology for Tenaris large vessels

In 2013 TenarisDalmine – the steel pipe operations of Tenaris in Italy – realized a total investment of 16 million USD to install the most technologically advanced line in the world to manufacture high pressure large vessels, up to 3,000 liters. The automatized handling and the innovative process control system can guarantee the highest standards in terms of safety and productivity.

The installation of the new multi-axial machine for ogives (spinner), which alone required an investment of around 4 million USD, today allows to offer an increased production capacity (10,000 pieces per year), an expansion of the minimum workable lengths and wall thicknesses and a significant reduction of the acoustic pollution along the line.

The historical mallet, installed in 1936, is still in use for the manufacturing of some niche products and for its production flexibility, which allows to effectively answer customers’ needs. Tenaris large vessels are used, in particular, in offshore applications and for the HP/UHP natural gas or hydrogen transportation and storage. In this case, Tenaris can offer turnkey mobile transportation systems, storage racks and assemblies both for onshore and marine applications.

Tecnologia all’avanguardia per i bomboloni Tenaris

Nel 2013 TenarisDalmine – sede operativa di Tenaris in Italia - ha realizzato un investimento complessivo di 16 milioni di dollari per l’installazione della linea più tecnologicamente all’avanguardia nel mondo nella fabbricazione di recipienti in pressione, fino a 3.000 litri, comunemente chiamati bomboloni.

La robotizzazione delle movimentazioni e l'innovativo sistema di controllo di processo introdotti garantiscono i più elevati standard di sicurezza e produttività. L’installazione della nuova macchina ogivatrice multiassiale (spinner), che da sola ha richiesto circa 4 milioni di dollari di investimento, oggi consente di offrire una notevole capacità produttiva (10.000 pezzi/anno), un ampliamento delle lunghezze e degli spessori minimi lavorabili, oltre che una drastica riduzione dell’inquinamento acustico sulla linea. Lo storico maglio, installato nel 1936, è stato mantenuto per la fabbricazione di alcuni prodotti di nicchia e per la sua flessibilità produttiva che consente di rispondere efficacemente alle richieste dei clienti.

I bomboloni Tenaris sono impiegati, in particolare, in applicazioni offshore e per il trasporto e lo stoccaggio di gas naturale o idrogeno ad alta/altissima pressione, per i quali Tenaris è in grado di offrire sistemi mobili di trasporto (chiavi in mano), batterie di stoccaggio e assemblaggi sia per impiego terrestre che marino. April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 13

Special event shows natural gas benefits to Spanish armed and security forces

In March, GASNAM (Spanish Asso- ciation of Natural Gas for Mobility) organized the conference “The Use of Natural Gas for the Armed Forces and Security Forces of the State,” sponsored by Gas Natural Fenosa, Bureau Veritas and Repsol.

The purpose of the meeting was to bring and present the benefits of natural gas as vehicle fuel to the State Armed Forces and Security Forces as both groups are owners of large fleet. The conference was inaugurated by the Chief of Logistics Support of the Navy Estanislao Pery Paredes, while GASNAM president José Ramón Freire then gave a lecture as an introduction to the use of methane by the government.

The first round table discussion of the day addressed logistics and supply of LNG, markets where Spain has a privileged position within Europe. The second was dedicated to natural gas as fuel for cars and commercial vehicles. The third panel, however, spoke about LNG as a marine fuel.

The conference was attended by senior officers of the National Police, of the Army’s Engineering Office of Logistics Support, of the General Sub Department of Customs Logistics, of SASEMAR Office of Maritime Inspection and of the Navy’s Office of Logistics Support. The presence of all bodies allowed an interesting exchange of technical and logistical considerations regarding the great potential of natural gas application. 14 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report LNG Section Damen launches LNG-powered EcoLiner at its Romanian yard

The shipbuilder has presented the liquefied natural gas fueled tanker, which has been developed to deliver much-needed fuel economy for inland shipping operators while at the same time cutting emissions. The EcoLiner design combines conventional, proven engineering with sustainable innovations, including the world’s first installations of the ACES Air-Lubricated Hull, a gas-electrical shaft propulsion system and one of the first Van der Velden® FLEX Tunnel installations. The pioneering vessel dramatically reduces fuel costs by up to 25%. The European Union, following its ambitious goal towards greening the transport sector, co-finances this project from the Trans-European Transport Network Programme with more than ⇔1.1 million as part of the project “LNG Masterplan for Rhine-Main-Danube”. Hardinxveld. Rob Schuurmans, project manager and the initiator of this innovative concept says: “With the hull Simon Provoost, Product Director Inland Waterway built in Romania and installation and outfitting of all main Transport at Damen Shipyards, says testing how the systems in the Netherlands, including all generator-gas design combined multiple innovations was very impor- engines, power management, propulsion and steering tant so that Damen could offer the 3,040 m3 capacity gear, we make EcoLiner to the market with utmost confidence.“After efficient use of our specialized facilities. The ship is 110 successfully testing at MARIN, we can now complete meters long and is Bureau Veritas-classed. Delivery is the build in the Netherlands and we’re talking with a scheduled in the summer of 2015.” number of interested parties,” he said.

“Every part of the EcoLiner has been designed to reduce fuel consumption,” Provoost continues. “That, combined with low-emission LNG instead of marine diesel, makes the EcoLiner easily the greenest inland shipping vessel in Europe. It’s increasingly important for owners and clients to demonstrate sustainable operations and prepare for future ‘green corridors’ subject to inland emissions regulations.”

The first EcoLiner will be delivered as a tanker, however the modular design can be built to transport any com- modity, including containers and dry bulk. The complete LNG installation, including tanks with bunker capacity of approximately 45 m3 LNG, is located aft of the accommodation, ensuring that the configuration forward of the cofferdam can be entirely tailored to customer-specific requirements.

LNG-powered electric propulsion is not new to inland shipping, but the EcoLiner is the first to combine LNG- fueling with electrical shaft driven propulsion and steering gear instead of electric driven rudder propellers. The EcoLiner is also the first Damen vessel delivered with the Van der Velden® FLEX tunnel. The Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ADN-UNECE) has approved the gas-powered design, meaning the vessel can travel on all international inland waterways.

The EcoLiner project is managed by Damen Shipyards April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 15

LNG Section

EU awards €4M to back creation of liquefied natural gas filling stations on Dutch highways

The EU’s TEN-T Program will support with over €3.9 million a study and pilot for the development of alternative refueling infrastructure on the main Dutch highways. A network of greener and cheaper LNG and LBG (liquefied biogas) filling stations will help to prepare the roll-out at European level. The project’s ambition is to pave the way to the European deployment of LNG/LBG as a fuel for medium and long haul road transport.

Expected to be completed by De- cember 2015, the initiative will pilot the construction of five LNG/LBG refueling stations on the main highways connecting The Netherlands to Germany and Belgium, namely in Nieuwegein, Heteren, Veghel, Utrecht and Geldermalsen. The outcomes will contribute to Euro- pean renewable energy targets by establishing an operational market for LNG within a short period of time and sharing best practice with industry and other transport stakeholders at the European level.

It will also address the lack of operational data on LNG/LBG use, which often refrains transport service providers from switching to the alternative fuel. 75 LNG/LBG- powered trucks operated by different companies will be equipped with a data collection system providing the necessary information on the trucks and the stations. The data will feed into new business models based on LNG/LBG use.

The project was selected for EU funding with the assistance of external experts under the TEN-T Annual Call 2013, priority ‘Decar- bonization/substitution or environmental cost reduction’. Its implementation will be monitored by INEA, the European Commis- sion’s Innovation and Networks Executive Agency. 16 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

LNG Section Baltic Sea ferry will be powered by dual-fuel engines

A new fast ropax ferry ordered by the Estonia based Tallink Grupp for its Tallinn-Helsinki route, will feature Wärtsilä dual-fuel engines running primarily on LNG. The ship is to be built at the Meyer Turku shipyard in Finland and is scheduled to be in operation from the beginning of 2017. The contract with Wärtsilä was signed in February.

By opting for Wärtsilä’s dual-fuel engine technology with LNG used as the main fuel, the ship will comply with the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) latest sulphur emissions legislation which came into force in January 2015. The Baltic Sea is designated as a Sulphur Emissions Control Area (SECA). When operating in gas mode, the sulphur oxide (SOx) and particle emissions from the Wärtsilä DF engines are negligible at almost zero percent. Furthermore, the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are at least 85 percent below those specified in the current IMO regulations, and CO2 emissions are some 25 percent less than those of a conventional marine engine running on diesel fuel.

The full scope of supply includes three 12-cylinder Wärtsilä 50DF and two 6-cylinder Wärtsilä 50DF main engines, as well as two Wärtsilä fixed pitch propellers and propeller shaft lines. The equipment will be delivered to the yard in early 2016.

“The ferry will operate at fairly high speed and to very tight schedules. It is, therefore, important to the customer that the main engine propulsion is highly efficient and extremely reliable. Wärtsilä’s extensive track record is proof of our ability to meet these criteria. At the same time, we are the leading supplier of gas fuelled solutions to the marine industry and this was another reason for being awarded this important contract,” said Mika Ojutkangas, General manager, Sales, Wärtsilä Ship Power.

“The Wärtsilä engines are more energy efficient and thus consume less fuel, and for a next generation environmentally sustainable ferry that is what we were especially looking for,” added Tarvi-Carlos Tuulik, Head of Shipmanagement of AS Tallink Grupp.

The new 212 metre long ferry will have a gross tonnage of 49,000 and will carry 2800 passengers.

The international classification society Bureau Veritas is to class the LNG-fuelled high speed and high capacity passenger ferry. Philippe Donche-Gay, Executive Vice-President and Managing Director of the Marine & Offshore Division, Bureau Veritas, said: “Bureau Veritas has extensive experience with LNG as a fuel and with ground breaking major passenger ship projects. We bring the two areas of expertise together with this project which will allow the vessel to meet strict air emission control limits in the Baltic area.”

Bureau Veritas subsidiary Tecnitas has already carried out risk assessment studies for the LNG bunker operations in Helsinki and Tallinn ports. Bunkering will be carried out in either port by truck or bunkering barge. Tecnitas will also carry out HAZID studies for the proposed LNG propulsion and storage on board.

Donche-Gay added: “This is a demanding route over a short distance with a very high capacity vessel which will operate from early morning to late at night with short turnaround time and which will have to cope with severe winter conditions. Bureau Veritas will also provide statutory certification on behalf of the Estonian flag.” April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 17

Nigerian GGL to open CNG stations

Nigeria’s newest investment in the gas sub-sector, Green He added that GGL had already established seven service Gas Limited (GGL) has said that its multi-billion dollar stations, while 10 additional stations have reached Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) filling station inIbafon advanced stages of construction. Ogun State, was 95% completed. A breakdown of the projects showed that four of the sta- The CNG plant is a Joint Venture Company between tions are located on Benin-Warri dual carriageway and Nigerian Independent Petroleum Company (NIPCO) and two on Benin-Asaba dual carriageway. Nigerian Gas Compnay (NGC). One is on Benin-Lagos dual carriageway (Onitea in Ondo TaofeeqLawal, Head, Corporate Affairs, NIPCO, said that and Ibafo in Ogun), another one on Benin-Abuja the CNG project would start operations in 2015, adding Expressway and one in Delta. that the project was very unique in several respects as it He said CNG had become a preferred alternative to showed the avowed commitment of the Federal petrol and diesel, because it is colorless, odorless, Government toward resolving the petroleum products non-toxic, but inflammable and lighter than air. crises. “CNG is not a liquid fuel and is not the same as LPG, But also it proves the efficacy of the Public Private which generally consists of propane and butane in liquid Partnership joint venture efforts of Nigerian Gas form. Company, a subsidiary of NNPC & NIPCO Plc., he said. “The product is relatively cheaper than petrol and diesel. Lawal said the project would reduce the massive Also, natural gas is a clean burning fuel that reduces importation of petroleum products when the project was vehicle maintenance costs,” said the spokesman. completed. He said the JV sought to build 35 CNG filling stations in different parts of the country before the end of 2015.

35 CNG filling stations are planned for different parts of the country before the end of 2015. 18 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

Nigeria’s new gas price management

By end of 2014, the Federal Government in Nigeria there has not been any new time frame for the target, announced a new gas price scheme, amongst others,to many other initiatives were made with 2020 as target help in ensuring power supply. date. Nigeria owns 9th largest natural gas reserves in the Areas to be explored includes LNG, GTL (Gas to Liquid world and the 1st in Africa. With around 5.100 billion Conversion), NGL (Natural Gas Liquids), IPP (Independent meter cubic (187 trillion cubic feet) of proven gas Power Plant), and Methanol. On the other hand, what is reserves-as per June 2014 estimation-versus 37.2 currently considered to have a great potential to success billion blue barrel of oil reserves, the country’s proven in the (immediate) future is gas supply to local industries. gas reserve is by far exceeding its proven crude oil reserve. Furthermore, Nigeria’s 187 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of proven gas reserves is strengthened byits 600 tcf unproven gas reserves. Despite of the huge amount of gas reserves, to date, the country is more focusing at crude oil production. This crude oil production accounts for over 90 percent of its national income. Switching energy generation and use to gas would seem to be very logical. Currently only a small fraction of gasis being used. Furthermore, a large part of associated gas produced during the production of crude oil is currently being flared.Nigeria lost about N170 billion(around ⇔ 885 million or USD1 billion) as oil companies flared most of the gas produced from January to September 2014, according to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Around 296 billion standard cubic feet (scf) of natural gas was flared in that period, said the corporation.With natural gas price aroundUSD3.30 per 1,000 scf by early this year, 296 billion scf of gas amounts to about USD1 billion was flared to the air, increasing the greenhouse gas emission level. To diversify its revenue and decreasewasting valuable gas while reducing the harmfuleffects of gas flaring, the Nigerian Government, through the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is actively conducting a number of natural gas utilisation projects with its joint venture partners. Various country targets were set-due in 2008 and 2010-to reduce and utilize the gas flare. However, the targets were not achieved. Although April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 19

While gas utilisation projects are in different stages (in Having a huge logistic fleet, the Dangote Group of operation, completed, commissioned or at various Companies plans to convert around 5.000 of its trucks stages of execution), local industries have switch from oil to run on CNG. It will also be supporting CNG filling and to gas thanks to increase in awareness. conversions for other companies and their fleets Nigerian Gas Company (NGC), as subsidiary ofNNPC, throughout Nigeria. currently supplies gas for power generation. It is said Apart from this, Green Gas Limited (GGL) is also that this profit oriented gas market in Nigeria is waiting constructing a CNG filling station in Ibafon Ogun State. for potential investors to explore the gas utilisation The station is due to operation this year. The CNG plant domestically. is a Joint Venture Company between Nigerian Independent Petroleum Company (NIPCO) and Nigerian Meanwhile for the international market, NNPC and its JV Gas Company (NGC). partners are currently working on several gas utilisation The JV sought to build 35 CNG filling stations in different projects, including the Escravos Gas Project conducted parts of the country before December 2015. together with Chevron to mainly generate LPG for GGL had already established seven service stations, while export. 10 additional stations have reached advanced stages of construction. NIPCO Plc is the main actor of NGV market in Nigeria. Its chairman, Dr. Bestman Anekwe recently said“Our foray into the Compressed Natural Gas project is yielding desired results and is second to none in the West African sub region. We have expanded this from Benin City to Warri, and Asaba (Delta State), Onitea (Ondo State) and now Ibafo (Ogun State). Ibadan is next on line. The phenomenal movement is gathering momentum and we will not stop until every car in Nigeria runs on Natural gas.”

Apart from increasing its CNG filling stations, the firm is also looking at widening its LPG station network across the nation.

National gas master plan

The government is working on a national Gas Master Plan (GMP) to utilize the huge gas reserves into a viable economic vehicle to revolutionize the economy. The federal government has come up with three strategies; Gas-to-power, Gas–based Industrialization, and a robust gas export market under the master plan. A complete gas infrastructure development programme was made by the NNPC, aiming at attracting an industry wide investment outlay of over USD16 billion (⇔ 14 billion) within the next four years. Dr David Ige, Group executive director, Gas and Power of the NNPC said that various opportunities for investments are available in areas of Financial Services, Gas Transmission Pipelines, Pipe Milling and Fabrication Yards, Upstream Gas Development, LNG and LPG Plants and Gas Processing Facility/Gas Based Manufacturing Industries.

NGVs and the private sector Meanwhile, the private sector is also joining the gas rush programme by promoting the use of CNG in transport segment. For example, Borkir International Co. Ltd., a member of the Dangote Group of Companies in Nigeria, works together with Canadian-based IMW Industries to develop CNG filling station infrastructure across the country. 20 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 21

H2 transportation Aberdeen and BOC unveil largest hydrogen filling station in the UK

Aberdeen City Council Leader Councilor Jenny Laing was joined by BOC’s director of Bulk and Packaged Gases Nathan Palmer and Transport Scotland chief executive David Middleton to open United Kingdom’s first commercial-scale hydrogen production and bus refueling station, which will fuel Europe’s largest hydrogen bus fleet, as part of a £19-million green transport demonstration project. It is located at Aberdeen City’s Kittybrewster depot. Owned and operated by BOC, the station will fuel 10 Van Hool hydrogen fuel cell buses – six of which will be operated by Stagecoach on the X17 Aberdeen city center to Westhill route, while First will operate four on the X40 Kingswells to Bridge of Don park-and-ride route. The buses will only emit water vapor, reducing carbon emissions and air pollution, as well as being quieter and smoother to run than diesel vehicles. “As a leading world energy city determined to anchor the renewable industry in the North-east of Scotland, the success of the Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project is a real coup,” said Laing. “We not only have Europe’s largest fleet of hydrogen fuel cell buses running on the streets of Aberdeen, but we also have the UK’s first and largest hydrogen production and bus refueling station, with plans in place for further hydrogen stations which will be capable of fueling other vehicles, including cars.” Transport Minister Derek Mackay also commented: “The Scottish Government is supporting the introduction of cleaner and greener transport options across Scotland. Aberdeen’s new fleet of zero emission hydrogen buses is one of the most exciting of these. The public will welcome the smoother and quieter journeys these buses bring, which will undoubtedly add to the attractiveness of this mode as a travel choice.” Nathan Palmer stated: "BOC is extremely proud to be part of the Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project, a ground-breaking demonstration of low carbon public transport in which Aberdeen is setting the standards, not just for Scotland, but also for Europe. BOC is now ready for its next project on the hydrogen highway. We want to work with other committed partners delivering a step-change in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the UK.” The project has been co-funded by Scottish, UK and European partners: the UK's innovation agency, Innovate UK (£2.4million); Scottish Government (£1.7million); Scottish Enterprise (£1.7million); Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) through the High V.LO-City and HyTransit projects (£8.3million); Aberdeen City Council (£2million); First (£1million); Stagecoach (£1million); Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution £750,000; and Scotland Gas Network £200,000. BOC has invested £1million in the hydrogen production and refuelling station. The Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project will enable the development and deployment of hydrogen infrastructure. This work will open the way for new and innovative hydrogen technology projects and accelerate the commercial use of hydrogen as a fuel, offering green transport solutions. It is part of the H2 Aber- deen initiative which provides the opportunity to create a new industry and greater choice in energy production and usage, as well as enabling the development of a hydrogen strategy for the Energetica Development Corridor and the city as a whole. (Source: Aberdeen City Council) 22 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

H2 transportation Honda drives ‘hydrogen energy society’ with FCV Concept

The Honda FCV CONCEPT, unveiled in Tokyo in November 2014, made its European debut at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show. The futuristically styled model, part of Honda’s contribution to the forthcoming ‘hydrogen energy society’, previews an all-new fuel cell road car that is scheduled to go on sale in Japan in the first half of 2016, and subse- quently in the United States and Europe within the following 12 months. Honda’s next-generation fuel cell vehicle will succeed the brand’s two previous production fuel cell cars, the FCX and FCX Clarity, and will feature significant improvements in performance and costs. The newly-developed fuel cell stack installed in this vehicle is 33% smaller than its predecessor, and yet realizes an output of more than 100 kW and an output density as high as 3.1 kW/L. This contributes to an overall performance improvement of approximately 60%.

At its launch next year, Honda’s third production fuel cell vehicle will be the world’s first fuel cell car with the entire powertrain, including the downsized fuel cell stack, housed under the bonnet of a conventional sedan body shape. The Honda FCV CONCEPT is equipped with a 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank that provides a cruising range of more than 700 km (435 miles). The tank can be refilled in approximately three minutes, making refueling as quick and easy as today’s conventionally-fueled cars. As part of its holistic approach to promoting the adoption of the forthcoming ‘hydrogen energy society’, Honda continues to tackle the challenges facing the uptake of the fuel cell vehicle by developing new enabler hydrogen technologies beyond the vehicle itself. One such innovation installed in the FCV CONCEPT is the Honda Power Exporter Concept, an external power feeding function, which underwent a large number of verification tests with the FCX Clarity.

Furthermore, Honda will continue to promote the application of the Smart Hydrogen Station (SHS), a packaged hydrogen station unit that adopts Honda’s original high-differential-pressure electrolyzer. Together, the Power Exporter Concept, FCV CONCEPT and Smart Hydrogen Station embody Honda’s vision for the ‘hydrogen society’, respectively representing the ‘generate’, ‘use’ and ‘get connected’ functions. Through these interrelated technologies, Honda is working towards a CO2-free society.

In Europe, Honda is involved in a number of hydrogen-related programs both at a national and Europe-wide level. Germany: In 2011, Honda joined the German Demonstration Project “Clean Energy Partnership” (CEP), Europe's largest demonstration project for hydrogen mobility at the time. In addition to around 100 fuel cell cars that are currently on the road as part of the project, the CEP is testing the operation of hydrogen-powered buses for public transport. By the end of 2015 there will be 50 hydrogen filling stations in Germany, making it the world's first country to have a basic supply network.

United Kingdom: Honda joined the UK H2 Mobility project, so as to determine the needs for the commercial deployment of hydrogen FCEVs in the UK from 2015 onwards. It is a collaborative project evaluating the potential for those vehicles to provide environmental and economic benefits to the UK. It is evaluating the potential for hydrogen to contribute to the decarbonisation of road transport, as well as the opportunities that can be derived from being a leading global player in the development, demonstration, manufacturing and use of new technologies.

HyFIVE: At a European level, Honda and other leading motor manufacturers, hydrogen fuel suppliers and energy consultancies from around the globe signed a ⇔38.4m agreement with the European Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU). The project is coordinated by the Mayor of London’s Office, and its objective is to develop and demonstrate technology and infrastructure that will help fuel cell electric vehicles to become a viable and environmentally friendly option for European motorists in the future. The project, known as HyFIVE (Hydrogen For Innovative Vehicles), is the largest of its kind in Europe. Honda is one of five manufacturers who have agreed to deploy a total of 110 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at several European locations and develop new clusters of hydrogen refuelling stations. April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 23 LPG NEWS British taxi company saves more than £70,000 per year with LPG cars Phoenix Taxis in Northumberland, one of the largest taxi operators in North East England, currently owns a fleet of 80 LPG-powered vehicles that save £1,000 each per year, reported Autogas Limited, a joint venture between Shell and Calor. “We began in 1997 with just one or two LPG cars. We knew it could potentially save our drivers a lot of money, which is what attracted us to it in the first place,” said Alexander Hurst, owner and managing director of Phoenix Taxis.

“We noticed the fuel cost savings immediately and we now run a fleet of 80 LPG cars and have run around 250 in total over 17 years,” he also commented, and estimated that running the cars on LPG saves his drivers nearly £1,000 each per year in their fuel bills, a combined total of more than £76,000 across the business each year. Moreover, on average it has taken just six months to pay off the cost of the simple conversion which typically cost around £1,500 for an average four-cylinder engine car.

Phoenix Taxis has even had its own refueling facilities installed, but for other LPG users, there is an established and extensive refueling network across the UK, currently standing at about 1,400 outlets.

“Apart from the cost savings LPG is far cleaner and greener. It’s always been our aim to be as environmentally sustainable as possible and running many of our cars on LPG enables us to do that”, said Hurst. “The LPG cars have proved so popular of our drivers that many of them have even converted their own personal or other family cars onto LPG.” (Source: The taxi firm runs a fleet of 80 LPG-cars Autogas Limited) 24 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report

LPG news Repsol and Renault agree to increase sales of liquefied petroleum gas vehicles in Spain

As from June 2014, both companies aim to encourage the use of alternative fuel options in transport. With this agreement, Repsol, which operates more than 300 LPG filling stations in Spain, backs Renault Group in their market strategies regarding Autogas business. At the same time, the car manufacturer will enhance its LPG vehicle offer throughout the Renault-Dacia dealership network.

The agreement was signed by Repsol LPG product manager in Spain, Francisco Javier Villacorta, and Iberia marketing director of Renault, François Grandjeat. As the parties involved reported through a press release, there are about 37,000 LPG powered cars in Spain. Worldwide, there are 25 million vehicles of this type, 13 million of which operate in Europe. The Renault-Dacia Group in Spain offers a range of eight models that use Autogas: Renault Clio, Dacia Sandero, Logan, Logan MCV, Duster, Lodgy and the commercial Dokker y Dokker Van.

Spanish city signs deal to promote autogas

The City of Benidorm, in the province of Alicante, has renewed local police fleet with the acquisition of 13 Ford vehicles through renting system, which will be replacing some older patrol cars. This new fleet includes two units equipped with gasoline/LPG bifuel technology that offer the same benefits of a conventional vehicle but with smooth and quiet ride and with no vibration. Prior to the presentation of the new vehicles at SS.MM. Los Reyes de España Square, the Councilor for Public Safety and Environment Pepe Marcet signed a collaboration agreement with Repsol, represented by the Regional Director of Repsol Butano in Valencia and Murcia Francisco Fernández-Pacheco Cotillo, to promote the use of LPG in transportation. Marcet said: “It is a commitment acquired by the City Council, framed under the Pact of Mayors, to reduce CO2 emissions in the city. If good results are obtained with this alternative fuel, we will add more propane-powered vehicles, not only for local police but also for other municipal departments.” In Valencia, about 2,750 cars are already powered by this fuel. Its benefits make it one of alternative fuels that are mostly supported by administrations, including a tax bonus on the IVTM or public subsidies such as PIVE 6 and PIMA Air plans.

13 Ford vehicles equipped with gasoline/LPG technology. April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 25 Electric Vehicles Arriva to serve London’s first route operated entirely by electric buses Transport for London (TfL) has announced that Arriva has been awarded the contract to operate route 312, which will become the first in London to be fully served by electric buses. The contract will run from September 2015. There are currently two Optare MetroCity electric single deck buses on route 312, which runs between South Croydon and Norwood Junction. These two buses have been used as an initial test to establish whether the technology could stand up to the rigors of operating in an intense urban environment such as London. Arriva is currently in talks with bus manufacturers with a view to adding a further seven electric buses to the route. A date for the route 312’s conversion to all electric buses will be confirmed later this year. The current trials will help TfL develop plans for greater use of electric buses in central London in the future, contributing to the Mayor’s vision of a central London Ultra Low Emission Zone. Mike Weston, TfL’s Director of Buses, said: “This is an exciting new milestone for our bus fleet, which is already one of the cleanest in Europe. We currently have eight electric buses in our fleet and as this number grows we are learning more about this new technology, which alongside other measures like retrofitting older vehicles with enhanced exhaust systems and continuing the expansion of our hybrid fleet, continues to contribute towards our strategy to further reduce harmful emissions from the Capital’s bus fleet.” Since TfL was formed in 2000 it has invested strongly in London's bus network, resulting in a 69% increase in passenger numbers. London Buses now carry more than 2.4 billion passengers a year, which equates to half of all bus journeys made in England. In recognition of the continued need to invest in bus services - with a increase in demand from the city's rapidly growing population - TfL's latest Business Plan has dedicated around £500m to improve the network over the period from 2015/16 to 2020/21. This will include funding for over 500 extra buses, which will create capacity for an extra 2.9 million customer journeys each week. There is also an additional £200m, which will be invested in supporting the reliability of the bus network at a local level with bus priority schemes. A further £25m will be used to fund customer-focused bus driver training to improve customer service. Largest ever order of the Volvo 7900 hybrid bus arrives in Budapest 28 articulated hybrid vehicles manufactured by Volvo Buses are now transporting passengers around Budapest. This is the largest ever order for the Volvo 7900 Articulated Hybrid. The customer is the Hungarian bus operator T&J Busz. In addition to the 28 buses, Volvo will also be supplying service and maintenance for all the units, including the batteries, for a fixed monthly cost. The sale was made in collaboration with the Hungarian company Rába Automotive, which also supplied the seats for the buses. This model has a large passenger capacity, low noise and emission levels and fuel consumption which is 30% below that of an equivalent diesel bus. This makes it an attractive alternative for large cities where the focus is on sustainable transport. The electric motor and the diesel engine can be used together or separately. At stops, the bus is powered by the quiet, emission- free electric motor. The energy generated during engine braking is stored in the batteries and used to power the electric motor. “It’s really good news that Budapest has also decided to invest in hybrid technology. We have sold more than 1,900 hybrid buses to cities in 21 countries, but this is the largest single order so far for articulated hybrid buses,” said Arpad Szucs, Country Manager at Volvo Buses in Hungary. Moreover, Fredrik Röstad, Head of Area East Europe at Volvo Buses, stated: “Customers who make the move to a new technology obviously want to feel secure. This is why we offer business models where we take responsibility for all the maintenance of the buses for a fixed, predefined cost. This is a win-win situation for both parties.” 26 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report Worldwide NGV statistics

Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3)

VRA -BTUVQEBUF Average The Reported % of total % of total Country Total MD/HD MD/HD Others Total Public Private Plan consumption consumption consumption $BST-%7T NGVs in fuelling stations Buses Trucks ned (actual report) in theory the world in the world

Iran 4,000,000 3,993,948 6,036 16 17.91% 2,220 2,185 35 800 8.34% 7300.00 737.03 990.5% July 2014 China 3,994,350 2,587,288 1,025,531 331,531 50,000 17.88% 6,502 6,302 200 2,913 24.42% 9 3810.03 0.0% October 2014 Pakistan 3,700,000 3,520,000 180,000 16.57% 2,997 2,997 11.25% 642.60 0.0% August 2014 Argentina 2,487,349 2,487,349 11.14% 1,939 1,939 7.28% 32 239.80 447.72 53.6% July 2014 India 1,800,000 500,000 300,000 200,000 800,000 8.06% 936 936 3.51% 163.21 1190.00 0.0% December 2013 Brazil 1,781,102 1,781,102 7.97% 1,805 1,805 6.78% 7 144.53 320.60 45.1% June 2014 Italy 885,300 880,000 2,300 3,000 3.96% 1,060 1,010 50 3.98% 100 80.00 167.70 47.7% December 2015 Colombia 500,000 462,871 27,469 9,660 2.24% 800 800 3.00% 3 45.00 173.45 25.9% October 2014 Thailand 462,454 393,057 13,367 54,268 1,762 2.07% 497 471 26 1.87% 154.58 0.0% September 2014 Uzbekistan 450,000 450,000 2.01% 213 213 50 0.80% 81.00 0.0% June 2013 Bolivia 300,000 300,000 1.34% 178 178 0.67% 46 26.28 54.00 48.7% August 2014 2013 Armenia 244,000 192,000 17,300 34,700 1.09% 345 9 336 1.30% 26.53 114.22 23.2% December 2011 Bangladesh 220,000 145,304 10,000 27,000 37,696 0.98% 585 585 2.20% 13 91.55 79.64 115.0% April 2013 Egypt 207,617 205,000 2,270 347 0.93% 181 177 4 0.68% 57.11 43.73 130.6% September 2014 Peru 183,786 183,775 11 0.82% 237 237 0.89% 18.56 33.11 56.1% June 2014 Ukraine 170,000 8,036 102,216 59,748 0.76% 325 133 192 1.22% 8 52.00 355.89 14.6% March 2014 USA 150,000 83,000 44,300 22,700 0.67% 1,615 873 742 239 6.06% 4,747 77.52 166.00 46.7% January 2015 Germany 98,172 95,708 1735 176 553 0.44% 921 849 72 1 3.46% 804 18.00 22.60 79.6% May 2014 Russia 90,050 65,000 10,000 15,000 50 0.40% 253 211 42 15 0.95% 4 33.75 53.71 62.8% July 2013 Venezuela 90,000 90,000 0.40% 166 166 300 0.62% 80 8.15 16.20 50.3% June 2011 Georgia 80,600 51,000 6,000 5,000 18,600 0.36% 100 100 25 0.38% 32.11 0.0% November 2013 Bulgaria 61,320 61,197 105 11 7 0.27% 110 109 1 7 0.41% 15.00 11.34 132.3% June 2014 Malaysia 55,999 55,345 594 60 0.25% 184 182 2 0.69% 10 14.80 11.75 126.0% October 2013 Sweden 46,715 43,795 755 2,163 2 0.21% 213 147 66 0.80% 21 12.00 11.88 101.0% September 2014 Japan 42,590 16,564 1,560 22,516 1,950 0.19% 314 274 40 1.18% 612 25.77 0.0% March 2013 South Korea 40,532 8,203 31,069 1,257 3 0.18% 201 101 100 0.75% 93.00 95.69 97.2% November 2014 Myanmar 27,137 23,658 3,475 4 0.12% 45 45 0.17% 14.69 0.0% September 2014 Canada 14,205 11,800 199 6 2,200 0.06% 89 86 3 0.33% 500 2.84 0.0% May 2013 France 13,550 10,050 2,400 1,100 0 0.06% 311 40 271 11 1.17% 200 6.00 9.89 60.7% September 2014 Switzerland 11,640 11,278 173 129 60 0.05% 167 134 33 3 0.63% 117 1.61 2.66 60.6% August 2014 Dominican Republic 10,909 10,909 0.05% 15 15 100 0.06% 0.09 1.96 4.7% June 2013 Tajikistan 10,600 10,600 0.05% 53 53 0.20% 4.13 1.91 216.5% December 2007 Austria 8,332 8,100 176 54 2 0.04% 180 175 5 0.68% 12 13.50 2.03 665.3% June 2013 Chile 8,164 8,055 109 0.04% 15 15 70 0.06% 1 3.20 1.78 180.1% December 2011 Netherlands 7,573 6,498 686 386 3 0.03% 147 140 7 31 0.55% 558 16.80 3.54 475.0% June 2014 Czech Republic 8,817 7,950 527 85 255 0.04% 101 75 26 30 0.38% 130 2.49 3.09 80.6% December 2014 Kyrgyzstan 6,000 6,000 0.03% 6 6 0.02% 0.60 1.08 55.6% December 2007 Indonesia 5,690 4,850 570 20 250 0.03% 11 11 4 0.04% 2.61 0.0% November 2013 Hungary 5,118 5,000 86 32 0 0.02% 19 4 15 10 0.07% 1,500 0.30 1.18 25.3% June 2014 Singapore 4,638 4,618 20 0.02% 3 2 1 0.01% 1.03 0.89124 1.155693192 October 2013 Belarus 4,600 4,600 0.02% 42 42 0.16% 1.03 0.83 124.4% September 2011 United Arab Emirates 4,179 4,129 50 0.02% 18 17 1 54 0.07% 1 1.05 0.89 117.6% December 2014 Spain 3,990 905 1,609 1,322 154 0.02% 86 38 48 12 0.32% 21 7.84 6.06 129.5% December 2013 Turkey 3,850 1,850 2,000 0.02% 14 8 6 0.05% 35 4.20 6.33 66.3% December 2011 Nigeria 3,798 3,452 25 287 34 0.02% 8 8 10 0.03% 0.93 0.0% March 2014 Poland 3,590 3,050 400 40 100 0.02% 88 26 62 52 0.33% 40 1.60 1.79 89.6% September 2014 Trinidad & Tobago 3,535 3,500 35 0.02% 11 11 22 0.04% 1.80 0.74 244.9% January 2015 Australia 3,110 25 2,060 275 750 0.01% 52 5 47 10 0.20% 130 5.99 0.0% June 2013 Mexico 2,620 2,569 51 0.01% 8 8 0.03% 22 1.37 0.62 222.6% May 2012 Moldova 2,200 2,200 0.01% 24 24 0.09% 0.40 0.40 101.0% Septemebr 2011 Iceland 2,016 2,000 2 14 0.01% 6 5 1 0.02% 1 0.17 0.38 44.5% September 2014 Finland 1,800 1,675 75 26 24 0.01% 26 25 1 1 0.10% 10 0.42 0.55 75.8% August 2014 Afghanistan 1,701 300 1 1,400 0.01% 2 2 0.01% August 2013 Mozambique 1,380 1,216 153 11 0.01% 5 5 2 0.02% 0.24 0.68 35.4% November 2014 Belgium 1,053 1,000 3 37 13 0.00% 20 16 4 21 0.08% 17 0.22 0.0% July 2014 Greece 1,000 280 618 102 0 0.00% 7 7 7 0.03% 1.33 1.99 67.0% September 2014 South Africa 937 800 136 1 0.00% 3 3 5 0.01% 0.55 0.0% September 2014 Serbia 878 792 58 28 0 0.00% 10 8 2 2 0.04% 3 0.93 0.34 274.4% June 2014 Norway 667 124 538 4 1 0.00% 22 14 8 4 0.08% 2.15 1.64 131.1% June 2014 United Kingdom 663 20 3 600 40 0.00% 22 5 17 5 0.08% 10 3.00 0.49 606.6% July 2014 Portugal 586 46 354 86 100 0.00% 5 1 4 1 0.02% 1.16 1.14 101.4% December 2011 Vietnam 462 400 50 12 0.00% 7 7 0.03% July 2012 Slovakia 426 100 261 65 0 0.00% 14 10 4 4 0.05% 20 0.80 0.85 93.8% September 2014 -JUIVBOJB 4FQUFNCFS Estonia 340 300 30 10 0 0.00% 5 5 1 0.02% 1 0.15 0.15 98.7% September 2014 Croatia 329 219 78 18 14 0.00% 3 2 1 1 0.01% 0.16 0.29 55.5% September 2014 -VYFNCPVSH +VMZ Algeria 215 115 100 0.00% 4 4 0.02% 0.32 0.0% September 2014 New Zealand 201 19 61 84 37 0.00% 14 14 0.05% 0.26 0.0% December 2010 -JDIUFOTUFJO %FDFNCFS Denmark 104 61 26 17 0 0.00% 7 7 3 0.03% July 2014 Qatar 76 1 75 0.00% 1 1 0.00% 0.23 0.0% September 2013 Slovenia 58 29 24 5 0.00% 7 2 5 1 0.03% 5 0.090 0.08 110.8% June 2014 Tanzania 55 55 0.00% 1 1 2 0.00% 0.01 0.0% August 2013 Macedonia 54 7 47 0.00% 1 1 3 0.00% 0.02 0.14 14.8% January 2011 Ecuador 40 40 0.00% 1 1 0.00% 0.01 0.0% May 2009 Bosnia & Herzegovina 35 34 1 0.00% 3 2 1 0.01% 2 0.01 0.0% September 2014 Tunesia 34 32 2 0.00% 1 1 0.00% 0.01 0.0% December 2007 -BUWJB 4FQUFNCFS Philippines 20 20 0.00% 1 1 0.00% 0.06 0.0% November 2013 Kazakhstan 20 20 0.00% 1 1 90 0.00% November 2013 Panama 15 15 0.00% 0.00% November 2008 Ireland 3 3 0.00% 9 0.00% 3 0.00 0.0% June 2013 Romania 2 2 0.00% 2 2 0.01% February 2014 Turkmenistan 0.00% 1 1 0.00% November 2009 Montenegro 0.00% 1 1 0.00% 0.00 March 2006

Total 22,335,773 18,825,274 1,620,405 793,615 1,096,479 100% 26,629 24,111 2,518 4,938 100% 9,841 8,597 8,939 96.2% February 2015

Notes: The column ‘theoretical monthly consumption’ is calculating total monthly consumption if cars consume 180, buses 3000, trucks 800, and other vehicles 50 Nm3 per month. There is, of course, a huge difference between different truck types. A 44 ton truck may consume up to 8000 (not 800) Nm3 per month. April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 27

Country's share of the world's total NGVs and fuelling stations Cities with CNG refuelling stations

Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations Country Number of cities Last update Country % of total NGVs % of total fuelling Last update Total Total in the world stations in the world Argentina 341 Aug.'14 Armenia 37 Mar. '08 Iran 4,000,000 17.91% 2,220 8.34% July 2014 Australia 3 Nov. '09 China 3,994,350 17.88% 6,502 24.42% October 2014 Austria 162 Jun. '12 Pakistan 3,700,000 August 2014 16.57% 2,997 11.25% Bangladesh 8 Nov. '05 Argentina 2,487,349 11.14% 1,939 7.28% July 2014 India 1,800,000 8.06% 936 3.51% December 2013 Belarus 16 Sep. '11 Brazil 1,781,102 7.97% 1,805 6.78% June 2014 Belgium 10 Jun. '12 Italy 885,300 3.96% 1,060 3.98% December 2015 Bolivia 7 Jul.'13 Colombia 500,000 2.24% 800 3.00% October 2014 Brazil 298 Aug.'14 Thailand 462,454 2.07% 497 1.87% September 2014 Bulgaria 41 Jul. '12 Uzbekistan June 450,000 2.01% 213 0.80% 2013 Chile 5 Dec. '07 Bolivia 300,000 1.34% 178 0.67% August 2014 2013 Armenia 244,000 1.09% 345 1.30% December 2011 China 100 May.'12 Bangladesh 220,000 0.98% 585 2.20% April 2013 Colombia 78 Jul '14 Egypt 207,617 0.93% 181 0.68% September 2014 Croatia 1 Dec. '10 Peru 183,786 0.82% 237 0.89% June 2014 Czech Republic 51 Dec. '14 Ukraine 170,000 0.76% 325 1.22% March 2014 Denmark 2 Jul. '13 USA 150,000 0.67% 1,615 6.06% January 2015 Dominican Republic 3 Mar. '13 Germany 98,172 0.44% 921 3.46% May 2014 Russia 90,050 0.40% 253 0.95% July 2013 Egypt 16 Apr.06 Venezuela 90,000 0.40% 166 0.62% June 2011 Estonia 3 May 13 Georgia 80,600 0.36% 100 0.38% November 2013 Finland 15 Dec. '2 Bulgaria 61,320 0.27% 110 0.41% June 2014 France 150 Jun.13 Malaysia 55,999 0.25% 184 0.69% October 2013 Germany 740 Dec. '10 Sweden 46,715 0.21% 213 0.80% September 2014 Greeece 2 Nov. 10 Japan 42,590 0.19% 314 1.18% March 2013 South Korea 40,532 0.18% 201 0.75% November 2014 Hungary 15 Jun.13 Myanmar 27,137 0.12% 45 0.17% September 2014 Iceland 2 Jan. '11 Canada 14,205 0.06% 89 0.33% May 2013 India 42 Nov. '10 France 13,550 0.06% 311 1.17% September 2014 Indonesia 2 Sept. '08 Switzerland 11,640 0.05% 167 0.63% August 2014 Iran 597 Nov. '11 Dominican Republic 10,909 0.05% 15 0.06% June 2013 Ireland 1 Jun.13 Tajikistan 10,600 0.05% 53 0.20% December 2007 Dec. '06 Austria 8,332 0.04% 180 0.68% June 2013 Italy 150 Chile 8,164 0.04% 15 0.06% December 2011 Latvia 1 Sep. '11 Netherlands 7,573 0.03% 147 0.55% June 2014 Liechtenstein 1 Jun. 11 Czech Republic 8,817 0.04% 101 0.38% December 2014 Lithuania 3 Sep. '11 Kyrgyzstan 6,000 0.03% 6 0.02% December 2007 Luxembourg 1 Jul. 13 Indonesia 5,690 0.03% 11 0.04% November 2013 Macedonia 1 Jan. '05 Hungary 5,118 0.02% 19 0.07% June 2014 Malaysia 12 Mar. '13 Singapore 4,638 0.02% 3 0.01% October 2013 Belarus 4,600 0.02% 42 0.16% September 2011 Mexico 2 Mar.'12 United Arab Emirates 4,179 0.02% 18 0.07% December 2014 Moldavia 13 Sep. '11 Spain 3,990 0.02% 86 0.32% December 2013 Mozambique 2 Aug. '11 Turkey 3,850 0.02% 14 0.05% December 2011 Myanmar 4 Oct. '11 Nigeria 3,798 0.02% 8 0.03% March 2014 Netherlands 98 Jun. 13 Poland 3,590 0.02% 88 0.33% September 2014 Nigeria 3 Jun. '13 Trinidad & Tobago 3,535 0.02% 11 0.04% January 2015 Australia 3,110 0.01% 52 0.20% June 2013 Norway 4 Jan. '10 Mexico 2,620 0.01% 8 0.03% May 2012 Pakistan 50 Apr. '08 Moldova 2,200 0.01% 24 0.09% Septemebr 2011 Peru 2 Jul '13 Iceland 2,016 0.01% 6 0.02% September 2014 Philippines 1 Oct.'05 Finland 1,800 0.01% 26 0.10% August 2014 Portugal 5 Dec. '09 Afghanistan 1,701 0.01% 2 0.01% August 2013 Russia 198 May '12 Mozambique 1,380 0.01% 5 0.02% November 2014 Belgium 1,053 0.00% 20 0.08% July 2014 Serbia 3 Dec. '10 Greece 1,000 0.00% 7 0.03% September 2014 Singapore 1 Jul. '05 South Africa 937 0.00% 3 0.01% September 2014 Slovakia 9 Jun. 13 Serbia 878 0.00% 10 0.04% June 2014 Slovenia 5 Jun. '13 Norway 667 0.00% 22 0.08% June 2014 South Africa 2 Mar. '14 United Kingdom 663 0.00% 22 0.08% July 2014 South Korea 52 Nov. '13 Portugal 586 0.00% 5 0.02% December 2011 Vietnam 462 0.00% 7 0.03% July 2012 Spain 32 Jun. '10 Slovakia 426 0.00% 14 0.05% September 2014 Sweden 79 Dec. '12 Lithuania 380 0.00% 5 0.02% September 2014 Switzerland 19 Jun. '11 Estonia 340 0.00% 5 0.02% September 2014 Tanzania 1 Oct. '10 Croatia 329 0.00% 3 0.01% September 2014 Taiwan 1 Apr'. 05 Luxembourg 270 0.00% 0.03% July 2014 7 Thailand 54 May '14 Algeria 215 0.00% 4 0.02% September 2014 New Zealand 201 0.00% 14 0.05% December 2010 Trinidad & Tobago 11 Dec. '07 Lichtenstein 143 0.00% 2 0.01% December 2011 Tunisia 1 Oct. '07 Denmark 104 0.00% 7 0.03% July 2014 Turkey 2 Aug. '04 Qatar 76 0.00% 1 0.00% September 2013 United Arab Emirates 4 Jul. '11 Slovenia 58 0.00% 7 0.03% June 2014 United Kingdom 5 Nov. '04 Tanzania 55 0.00% 0.00% August 2013 1 USA 50 May. 14 Macedonia 54 0.00% 1 0.00% January 2011 Ecuador 40 0.00% 1 0.00% May 2009 Venezuela 26 Jun. '11 Bosnia & Herzegovina 35 0.00% 3 0.01% September 2014 Total 3,656 Tunesia 34 0.00% 1 0.00% December 2007 Latvia 29 0.00% 2 0.01% September 2014 Philippines 20 0.00% 1 0.00% November 2013 Kazakhstan 20 0.00% 1 0.00% November 2013 Panama 15 0.00% 0.00% November 2008 2.580 3.656 Ireland 3 0.00% 0.00% June 2013 Romania 2 0.00% 2 0.01% February 2014 Turkmenistan 0.00% 1 0.00% November 2009 Montenegro 0.00% 1 0.00% March 2006 Total 22,335,773 100% 26,629 100% February 2015 Europe Worlwide 28 April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report NGV’s statistics balance

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Jan-15 Iran 1 15 64 148 612 846 1638 2033 2859 3300 3300 4000 4000 China 36 55 80 82 97 127 201 336 500 500 600 1500 3000 3328 3994 Pakistan 200 410 475 700 1000 1650 1900 2250 2500 2851 3100 2790 2790 3700 Argentina 735 824 1089 1288 1457 1416 1685 1741 1821 1927 2032 2173 2288 2487 2487 India 25 101 159 222 222 335 822 822 700 700 1100 1500 1800 1781 1800 Brazil 272 372 615 804 1011 1253 1512 1573 1614 1662 1694 1730 1754 1800 1781 Italy 370 370 401 381 382 413 433 580 588 677 761 746 823 883 885 Colombia 9 9 19 48 72 114 252 270 300 313 349 387 457 493 500 Thailand 4 9 22 56 162 219 268 321 413 450 457 Uzbekistan 310 450 448 450

Notes: * Figures accumulated in different months. Please refer to the Worldwide NGV statistics to see the respective month in which the data was reported/accumulated. April 2015 Gas Vehicles Report 29

European NGV statistics

Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3) Country VRA Average The Last update MD/HD MD/HD Reported Total Cars/LDVs Others Total Public Private Planned consumption consumptionconsumption Buses Trucks (Actual report) in theory

Italy 885,300 880,000 2,300 3,000 1,060 1,010 50 100 80.00 167.70 47.7% December 2015 Armenia 244,000 192,000 17,300 34,700 345 9 336 26.53 114.22 23.2% December 2011 Ukraine 170,000 8,036 102,216 59,748 325 133 192 8 52.00 355.89 14.6% March 2014 Germany 98,172 95,708 1735 176 553 921 849 72 1 804 18.00 22.60 79.6% May 2014 Russia 90,050 65,000 10,000 15,000 50 253 211 42 15 4 33.75 53.71 62.8% July 2013 Georgia 80,600 51,000 6,000 5,000 18,600 100 100 25 32.11 0.0% November 2013 Bulgaria 61,320 61,197 105 11 7 110 109 1 7 15.00 11.34 132.3% June 2014 Sweden 46,715 43,795 755 2,163 2 213 147 66 21 12.00 11.88 101.0% September 2014 France 13,550 10,050 2,400 1,100 0 311 40 271 11 200 6.00 9.89 60.7% September 2014 Switzerland 11,640 11,278 173 129 60 167 134 33 3 117 1.61 2.66 60.6% August 2014 Czech Republic 8,817 7,950 527 85 255 101 75 26 30 130 2.49 3.09 80.6% December 2014 Austria 8,332 8,100 176 54 2 180 175 5 12 13.50 2.03 665.3% June 2013 Netherlands 7,573 6,498 686 386 3 147 140 7 31 558 16.80 3.54 475.0% June 2014 Hungary 5,118 5,000 86 32 0 19 4 15 10 1,500 0.30 1.18 25.3% June 2014 Belarus 4,600 4,600 42 42 1.03 0.83 124.4% September 2011 Spain 3,990 905 1,609 1,322 154 86 38 48 12 21 7.84 6.06 129.5% December 2013 Turkey 3,850 1,850 2,000 14 8 6 35 4.20 6.33 66.3% December 2011 Poland 3,590 3,050 400 40 100 88 26 62 52 40 1.60 1.79 89.6% September 2014 Moldova 2,200 2,200 24 24 0.40 0.40 101.0% Septemebr 2011 Iceland 2,016 2,000 2 14 6 5 1 1 0.17 0.38 44.5% September 2014 Finland 1,800 1,675 75 26 24 26 25 1 1 10 0.42 0.55 75.8% August 2014 Belgium 1,053 1,000 3 37 13 20 16 4 21 17 0.22 0.0% July 2014 Greece 1,000 280 618 102 0 7 7 7 1.33 1.99 67.0% September 2014 Serbia 878 792 58 28 0 10 8 2 2 3 0.93 0.34 274.4% June 2014 Norway 667 124 538 4 1 22 14 8 4 2.15 1.64 131.1% June 2014 United Kingdom 663 20 3 600 40 22 5 17 5 10 3.00 0.49 606.6% July 2014 Portugal 586 46 354 86 100 5 1 4 1 1.16 1.14 101.4% December 2011 Slovakia 426 100 261 65 0 14 10 4 4 20 0.80 0.85 93.8% September 2014 Lithuania 380 80 300 5 3 2 4 5 0.20 0.91 21.9% September 2014 Estonia 340 300 30 10 0 5 5 1 1 0.15 0.15 98.7% September 2014 Croatia 329 219 78 18 14 3 2 1 1 0.16 0.29 55.5% September 2014 Luxembourg 270 230 39 1 7 6 1 2 0.06 0.16 37.7% July 2014 Lichtenstein 143 64 61 18 2 1 1 1 0.10 0.21 47.9% December 2011 Denmark 104 61 26 17 0 7 7 3 July 2014 Slovenia 58 29 24 5 7 2 5 1 5 0.090 0.08 110.8% June 2014 Macedonia 54 7 47 1 1 3 0.02 0.14 14.8% January 2011 Bosnia & Herzegovina 35 34 1 3 2 1 2 0.01 0.0% September 2014 Latvia 29 29 2 0 2 1 0.003 0.01 49.2% September 2014 Ireland 3 3 9 3 0.00 0.0% June 2013 Romania 2 2 2 2 February 2014 Montenegro 1 1 0.00 March 2006 Total 1,760,253 1,465,310 150,986 123,979 19,978 4,683 3,388 1,295 267 3,628 304 817 37.2% February 2015

Fuel prices in Europe

Premium Regular CNG price CNG price Country Gasoline Gasoline Diesel CNG equivalent per equivalent per Date (Euro/litre) (Euro/Nm³) (Euro/litre) (Euro/litre) litre gasoline litre diesel Armenia 0.96 0.91 0.83 0.38 0.34 0.39 Sep-11 Austria* 1.39 1.34 0.71 0.64 0.73 Sep-14 Belarus 0.66 0.61 0.59 0.19 0.17 0.19 Sep-11 Belgium* 1.59 1.40 0.62 0.56 0.64 Sep-14 Bosnia & Herzegovina* 1.20 1.23 0.45 0.40 0.46 Sep-14 Bulgaria* 1.25 1.32 0.63 0.60 0.67 May-14 Croatia* 1.52 1.35 1.16 0.79 0.71 0.81 Jan-11 Czech Republic 1.111 1.105 0.649 0.58 1.13 Dec-14

#3 me 9 Volu 100 Sep-14 umber 1.37 N 1.20 0 1.34 1 1.52 0 1.76 2 Denmark May Estonia* 1.27 1.24 0.55 0.49 0.56 Sep-14 a voice from Europe, is to the the Finland* 1.59 1.45 0.99 0.89 1.01 Oct-14 The Gas Vehicles Report, y and economy France* 1.49 1.29 0.88 0.79 0.90 Sep-14 world in the service of ecolog on ry editi Georgia 0.91 0.88 0.87 0.48 0.43 0.49 Nov-14 unique NGV global magazine. Anniversa

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gas I ral AM atu at ipzig L and in English. N rbos n Le tu 9 i 0 200 GV IAN p CNG ste 01 rld one d Wo ge adri igna M s ser 2 9 o 200 cl GNV pe V o Eur is VA ce NG eren onf g up G C in com N aly It oted rom ll is p n a GV s i nt for the N OEM by ia 0.32 Sep-14 med he 0.29 t 1.27 0.38 f Latvia 1.34 o vent u p he e ing T is c om Lichtenstein 1.43 1.58 1.04 0.91 0.99 Sep-14 year Lithuania 1.34 1.27 0.87 0.78 0.89 Sep-14 GVR statistics are the referential data poi Luxembourg* 1.34 1.17 0.58 0.52 0.60 Sep-14 whole industry and institutions. Macedonia 1.24 1.04 0.42 0.38 0.44 Jan-11 Moldavia 1.05 0.87 1.00 0.45 0.13 0.46 Sep-11 More than 8,000 GVR copies are mailed monthly to Netherlands * 1.84 1.50 0.77 0.69 0.79 Sep-14 80 countries in the ﬁve continents addressed to Norway 1.87 1.77 0.70 0.63 0.72 Sep-14 Governmental related ofﬁces, OEMs & Oil companies, Poland 1.29 1.27 0.72 0.79 0.74 Sep-14 Associations, NGV industries, refuelling stations, .com Portugal 1.57 1.36 1.05 0.94 1.08 Sep-14 workshops and suppliers;www.thegvr besides, the magazine can Russia 0.71 0.73 0.27 0.24 0.28 Jun-13 be downloaded from Serbia* 1.31 1.31 0.55 0.49 0.56 Feb-11 Contact: [email protected] Slovakia* 1.46 1.35 0.81 0.73 0.83 Jun-13 Slovenia* 1.44 1.36 0.77 0.69 0.79 Sep-13 Spain* 1.41 1,,32 0.74 0.58 0.65 Sep-14 Sweden 1.59 1.56 1.38 1.31 1.23 Sep-14 Switzerland* 1.44 1.51 0.99 0.86 0.94 Sep-14 Turkey 1.86 1.62 1.37 1.23 1.40 Sep-14 Ukraine 1.09 0.98 0.94 0.65 0.58 0.66 May-12 United Kingdom* 1.61 1.68 0.81 0.73 0.83 Sep-14

*In these countries sales are measured in kg. The conversion factor depends on the normal density of gaseous natural gas in each country. The default value used is 0.73 kg/Nm3.