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Inside: Urban lead poisoning and medical geology: An unfinished story GABRIEL M. FILIPPELLI, MARK A.S. LAIDLAW, JENNIFER C. LATIMER, AND ROBYN RAFTIS, p. 4 Cordilleran Section Meeting, p. 13 Officers and Councilors, p. 30 The GSA Bloc of Docs subscription allows you to choose 10, them or keep them logged onto your personal Bloc of Docs 20, or 40 articles from our online publications collection— account, where you can regain access to them for two years from GSA Bulletin and Geology articles (1973–present) and individual their purchase dates. It’s like a personal online library of the chapters from GSA books (1997–present) and field guides. science you need and use! As a Bloc of Docs subscriber, you’ll be able to browse GSA’s online publications. After selecting articles, you may download Volume 15, Number 1 JANUARY 2005

Cover: Satellite infrared image showing GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than the distribution of children considered 18,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA Today lead poisoned (dots) along with the lead science articles should present the results of exciting new research or summarize and synthesize important problems concentration of lead in surface soils or issues, and they must be understandable to all in the earth (colored fields) from Indianapolis, Indiana, science community. Submit manuscripts to science editors USA, supporting a link between exposure Keith A. Howard, [email protected], or Gerald M. Ross, to diffuse soil lead and toxicity in urban [email protected]. youth. See “Urban lead poisoning and GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) is published 11 medical geology: An unfinished story” by times per year, monthly, with a combined April/May issue, by The Filippelli et al., p. 4–11. 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Sajban 37 GSA Mission, Values, and Goals ADVERTISING: Classifieds & Display: Ann Crawford, 1-800-472-1988, ext. 1053, GSA Beginnings (303) 357-1053, Fax 303-357-1070; [email protected] 37 GSA ONLINE: www.geosociety.org 38 Earthcaching—An Adventure Game with an Earthy Twist Printed in the USA using pure soy inks. 41 Classified Advertising 45 Journal Highlights 50% Total Recovered Fiber 10% Postconsumer 46 GeoMart Geoscience Directory HISTORY Lead toxicity has been known for centuries, but it was not until the indus- trial revolution that this issue became a widespread problem. Lead is a soft Gabriel M. Filippelli, [email protected], Mark A.S. Laidlaw, Jennifer C. Latimer, and workable metal easily extracted and Robyn Raftis, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of from galena ore, characteristics that Geology, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5132, USA were widely exploited by preindustrial populations. The Romans developed the ABSTRACT children by 80% since the late 1970s— first large-scale quarrying and working The intersection between geologi- now <2.2% of U.S. children between the operations for Pb, exploiting the newly cal sciences and human health, termed ages of one and five are considered Pb- conquered Iberian Peninsula and its medical geology, is gaining signifi- poisoned (National Health and Nutrition rich metal deposits to produce finished cant interest as we understand more Examination Survey [NHANES], 2003). Pb used in containers, water pipes, and completely coupled biogeochemical By all usual accounts, the recent as a Pb-salt preservative for wines (in systems. An example of a medical geol- turnaround in national health statis- which application the Pb becomes very ogy problem largely considered solved tics related to Pb poisoning implies a bioavailable); evidence of the global is that of lead (Pb) poisoning. With seamless and uniform industrial and impacts of this quarrying effort are seen aggressive removal of the major sources governmental response to this threat in Greenland ice core records (Hong et of Pb to the environment, including and denotes the end of Pb as a human al., 1994; Rosman et al., 1997). Pb-based paint, leaded gasoline, and health risk. Sadly, such is not the case— By far the largest use of Pb has lead pipes and solder, the number of many urban areas still exhibit high Pb occurred in the industrial era, where children in the United States affected by poisoning rates in children under age two new applications of Pb were found Pb poisoning has been reduced by 80%, six (the most vulnerable age interval for in the twentieth century: Pb-based down to a current level of 2.2%. In con- Pb toxicity; Koller et al., 2004), reach- paints and tetraethyl/methyl additives to trast to this national average, however, ing values up to 29% of the 0.5–5 yr old gasoline. Lead-based paints, which con- about 15% of urban children exhibit population in New Orleans, Louisiana tain up to 15% Pb, are extremely dura- blood Pb levels above what has been (Rabito et al., 2003), and even higher ble and flexible, and their use expanded deemed “safe” (10 µg per deciliter); overseas (e.g., 78% of school children in dramatically during the 1920s (Fig. most of these are children of low socio- Johannesburg, South Africa are consid- 1). The production and use of Pb for economic-status minority groups. We ered Pb-poisoned; Mathee et al. [2002]). gasoline additives was spurred by the have analyzed the spatial relationship Childhood Pb poisoning continues to need to control the explosion of gaso- between Pb toxicity and metropolitan be a major public health problem in line in cylinders of internal combustion roadways in Indianapolis and conclude the United States, particularly for low- engines. Thomas Midgely, an engineer that Pb contamination in soils adjacent income, urban, African-American chil- for General Motors and DuPont, per- to roadways, the cumulative residue dren (Roberts et al., 2001). The emission fected the formulation of Pb additives from the combustion of leaded gaso- control and public health strategies used in the 1920s, but the peak in Pb use line, is being remobilized. Developing in the past have not been successful at for this application follows the trend in strategies to remove roadway Pb at the overcoming this urban poisoning rem- automobile use in America, with a peak source is a matter of public health and nant (Agency for Toxic Substances and closer to 1970 (Fig. 1). Midgely (ironi- ® social justice, and constitutes perhaps Disease Registry [ATSDR], 2002), and cally, also the inventor of Freon , the the final chapter in this particular story until we fully understand the anthro- chlorofluorocarbon chemical implicated of medical geology. pogenic, geologic, and socioeconomic in stratospheric ozone loss) first devel- oped an effective anti-knock additive INTRODUCTION web that results in the poisoning of urban youth, this remains an unfinished using plant biomass–produced alcohol, The industrial age has seen a number but as this additive could be produced of technological advances that have had story in the annals of medical geology. In this paper, we introduce the histor- by any farmer and was not patentable, unforeseen environmental and human he was told to continue searching, consequences. The awareness of the ical perspective of Pb use, particularly in leaded gasoline, and the findings eventually finding that adding ~2% Pb severe neurotoxicity of lead (Pb) in oxides to gasoline works well. An early humans, for example, provoked a num- that Pb has significant health impacts for humans. But more importantly, we warning sign went up when scores of ber of regulatory measures, including workers were severely poisoned in the phase-out of Pb as additives to gasoline, discuss how integrating geologic factors, like soil, Pb geochemistry and cycling, 1920s by Pb toxicity in plants produc- paint, water pipes, and solder, which ing tetraethyl Pb additives, although significantly reduced the human expo- and soil moisture and resuspension, into public health practices may help to a multi-pronged industrial cover-up sure to Pb. The end product of these limited public awareness of this situa- actions? A reduction in Pb poisoning of ultimately eliminate Pb poisoning as a human health concern. tion (Markowitz and Rosner, 2002). The

GSA Today; v. 15; no. 1; doi: 10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015<4:ULPAMG>2.0.CO;2

4 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY Pb use in pipes, solder, and finally, in 1986, gasoline. As a measure of the value that the geological community placed on these efforts, the Geochemical Society’s Environmental Geochemistry Medal is named in honor of Patterson. LEAD AND HUMAN HEALTH In part due to Patterson’s crusade, new sources of Pb to the environment have been virtually eliminated in the United States and are being reduced and/or eliminated in many other countries as well. The net impact of this elimination can best be measured from a human health standpoint by the con- centration of Pb in blood serum samples (venous blood Pb level). A portion of the Pb ingested via soil or water and/or inhaled is absorbed in the intestine and incorporated in the body. Inhalation is a minor uptake pathway and ingestion via water has largely been reduced with the replacement of Figure 1. History of Pb usage in paints and gasoline during most of the Pb water pipes and water tanks with non-Pb alternatives. twentieth century, showing the early dominance of Pb-based paints However, Pb in soil and dust continues to be a major source followed by the boom in transportation resulting in a high use of leaded of exposure (Koller et al., 2004). Based on clinical trials, the gasoline (after Mielke, 1999). The decline after the mid-1970s was due to controls put into place to eliminate leaded gasoline. portion of ingested Pb that is taken up in the body is typi- cally less than 5% for adults, whereas it is as high as 50% for children due to their less-developed gastrointestinal pathway dawn of the automobile age shelved concerns of the environ- (Ziegler et al., 1978; Maddaloni et al., 1998). mental impacts of tetraethyl Pb as affordable transportation Due to similar charges and ionic radii, Pb is utilized in bio- dramatically altered the American landscape of the twentieth logical processes much like Ca, including as a critical compo- century. nent of converting the electrical neural signal into a chemical Just how much the use of tetraethyl and other Pb impacted signal and as a component of hydroxyapatite in the produc- our environment began to be discerned in the 1950s in a tion of bone material. When engaged in the former process, laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. There, Pb does not function as a neurotransmitter, effectively creat- an isotope geochemist named Clair Patterson was care- ing permanent neural differentiation defects resulting in men- fully examining earth materials using new methods of mass tal retardation, learning disorders, and attention deficit hyper- spectrometry, with a goal of understanding the age of Earth activity disorder (ADHD). Because of their high ingestion effi- (which, remarkably, he pinned at 4.55 Ga in 1963, nearly ciency and the rapid neural differentiation during early brain identical to modern estimates). He used radiogenic Pb iso- and nervous system development, children are especially vul- topes for this work, and soon found that Pb isotopic ratios nerable to the permanent effects of Pb poisoning. When Pb is were excellent tools for fingerprinting source regions of incorporated in bone material, the bone becomes a long-term sedimentary rocks and water bodies. One persistent problem source of Pb to the biological system—bone is regenerated he had in these efforts was the prevalence of contamination on monthly to yearly timescales, leaking additional Pb into by anthropogenic Pb sources. Turning his considerable tal- the system. For this reason, children treated by medical inter- ents to this problem of contamination ended up being one ventions like blood chelation may continue exhibiting toxic of the great stories in medical geology. Patterson found that levels of Pb in their blood (Roberts et al., 2001). In summary, Pb resulting from human activity was everywhere, including persistent elevated Pb concentration in children can create water, soil, arctic ice, and most troubling, in people. Indeed, a cascade of severe and permanent mental, behavioral, and the development of Pb isotopic techniques has significantly physiological problems. enhanced our understanding of sources of additional Pb to The health standards for Pb levels in blood have been the environment and cycling of Pb in soils (Deboudt et al., revised steadily downward over the years as medical research 1999; Sañudo-Wilhelmy and Gill, 1999; Kurkjian and Flegal, has determined toxicological effects of Pb even in low quan- 2003) and in human tissues (Graziano et al., 1996; Gwiazda tities. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Smith, 2000; Manton et al., 2000; Rothenberg et al., (CDC) in 1991 chose 10 µg/dL as an initial screening level 2001). Showing an academic bravery just short of foolish- for Pb in children’s blood, although some research suggests ness, Patterson not only published his troubling findings that levels even lower than this can cause some toxicological of Pb contamination and potential poisoning in humans in effects (Bernard, 2003; Brown and Meehan, 2004). The per- peer-reviewed scientific journals (e.g., Settle and Patterson, sistent presence of Pb in children is a public health issue of a 1980), but he also raised the alarm to regulators, industries, first order. As noted earlier, as a U.S. national average, 2.2% of and lawmakers, pointing out that the sources of this contami- children under the age of 6 exhibit blood Pb levels above this nant were clear and could be completely eliminated. After screening level, although this value is often above 15% among many well-documented attacks on his credibility, funding, urban youth. In a summary from a national health survey, and job by industry advocates (see Bill Bryson’s 2003 book, Brody et al. (1994) state “the exposure to Pb at levels that A Short History of Nearly Everything, for an excellent recount- may adversely affect the health of children remains a problem ing), he succeeded in convincing lawmakers to eliminate

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 5 especially for those who are minority, All digestions were run with National The roadway Pb generally is parti- urban, and from low-income families. Institute of Standards and Technology tioned into the highly bioavailable car- Strategies to identify the most vulner- (NIST) soil standards for reference. bonate, iron, and manganese hydroxide able risk groups are necessary to fur- Replicates were also run for all analyses, soil fractions, while the natural Pb in ther reduce Pb exposure in the United with typical analytical reproducibility of soils is speciated in the residual, or non- States.” Factors affecting children in this ~2%. Additional details and results for bioavailable fractions (Chlopecka et al., socioeconomic class include poor nutri- a number of other trace metals can be 1996; Lee et al., 1997). Lead is associated tion with the potential for pica behavior found in Laidlaw (2001). with the smallest particles, the clay grain (a subconscious desire to ingest soil and ROADWAY SOURCES OF Pb size fraction in urban soils (Dong et al., dust to overcome nutritional deficits), The aerosolized combustion products 1984). Therefore, dust originating from inadequate pediatric health care, poor (containing Pb) from the burning of urban soils contaminated by anthropo- home maintenance with a high percent- leaded gasoline in internal combustion genic Pb is more toxic than naturally age of rental housing, a significant pro- engines initially deposit within ~50 m of occurring dust and is more potent and portion of urban housing with high dust a roadway if no obstructions are pres- concentrated than would be expected and dirt exposure, and relatively low ent (Fig. 2). The fate of deposited Pb from simple measurements of the Pb awareness of the links between health then depends on the conditions of the content of the soil (Young et al., 2002). and behavior. depositional area. Although intersections DIFFUSE SOIL Pb AND CHILDREN’S In this paper, we use the city of of busy streets may have received over HEALTH—A CASE STUDY FROM Indianapolis, Indiana, a typical older one metric ton of Pb per year (Mielke INDIANAPOLIS midwestern United States city, to et al., 1997), their impervious surfaces The original sources of Pb to the explore in detail the continuing sources lead to continual runoff of Pb-enriched environment were distinct sources, and the pathways for exposure that face particulates down storm drains (and including Pb-based paints, gasoline- urban youth. Indianapolis is the 12th from there into treatment plants or emitted Pb, and Pb emitted from smelt- largest city in the country, with diversity directly into rivers). If the particulate Pb ers. As detailed above, Pb does not orig- reflecting the national average (25% is deposited instead on a grassy fringe, inally deposit far from its source, and African-American and Hispanic), a sig- like a front yard or park, the Pb can be its geochemical characteristics promote nificant proportion of pre-1940s housing effectively retained. In such a setting, the rapid sequestration onto surface soil (with Pb-based paint use), and a large insolubility of Pb leads to surface peaks particulates (usually via surface com- interstate transportation connection in Pb concentration of soils (Fig. 3); in plexation of Pb and Pb oxides with soil downtown with a clear history of leaded relatively undisturbed soils, this surface organic matter). But an analysis of many gasoline use. Additionally, Indianapolis Pb enrichment may be the product of urban areas reveals that these point has excellent public health records from decades of Pb deposition from gasoline sources have, to some extent at least, which to extract the distribution of Pb- and may reach levels above 1000 ppm been redistributed to produce regions of poisoned children. Combining informa- (Mielke, 1999; Mielke et al. 2003). Pb enrichment. Several factors can lead tion about point sources of environmen- tal contamination, a sampling technique designed to determine more diffuse sources of soil Pb, seasonality studies, and public health data, we demonstrate the ongoing impact that past Pb con- tamination has on the population, and provide several recommendations for determining and predicting Pb contami- nation and poisoning. METHODS All soil samples used in this study were collected from amalgamated sampling techniques (a 10 m grid with pooled surface samples of the upper 5 cm of soil). Samples were sieved to 63 microns to minimize the effect of grain size variations in Pb concentration. Dried soils were ashed at 550 °C and digested for 2 h in warm (90 °C) 3N trace metal Figure 2. The exponential decay of Pb in surface soils as a function of distance from a roadway grade hydrochloric acid. Supernatants source along a suburban street in Indianapolis, Indiana (Kessler Boulevard). This curve is typical were diluted with ultra-pure water (Milli- of the roadway effect, showing both the rapid deposition of Pb in exhaust particulates from the Q) and analyzed via inductively coupled combustion of leaded gasoline and the persistence of this Pb in surface soils (leaded gasoline use stopped ~20 yr ago). A second-order regression fits data the best, yielding a correlation coefficient plasma–atomic-emission spectrometry. (r2) of 0.902. Symbol size is larger than error bars on both axes.

6 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY can be illustrated by examining diffuse way as well as the diffuse soil Pb that soil Pb along an urban roadway tran- blankets urban regions (Fig. 4). In other sect (Washington Street) versus one words, even at distances from the road- in the suburbs (East Kessler Blvd.) of way beyond where direct Pb deposition Indianapolis. Washington Street, the occurs (and far away from structures route of the National Road (U.S. 40) using Pb-based paint), the background in Indianapolis, experiences high local level for Pb is significantly higher in traffic loads and is bordered by very the urban transect (~500 ppm) than in old urban neighborhoods. In contrast, the suburban transect (~60 ppm). This the suburban East Kessler Boulevard urban-suburban gradient is one over- was developed from a country road to riding factor affecting the amount of Pb a suburban thoroughfare in the 1970s, loading to individuals, a factor that we during a time when the use of leaded will next assess on a larger scale and gasoline was declining significantly (Fig. with respect to human health. 1). In the reference year 1980 (the offi- Children’s Blood Pb Levels and cial phase-out of leaded gas was 1986, Diffuse Soil Pb Figure 3. Concentration of Pb as a function although most vehicles were running of depth from two soil cores in Indianapolis, In many urban areas of older cities, displaying the surface peak in both an urban on unleaded fuel by 1981), East Kessler large segments of children below the and suburban settings far from direct sources of Boulevard experienced a relatively high age of six have venous blood Pb levels Pb deposition (e.g., painted structures or roads). daily traffic load, but only ~50% that of exceeding the action level of 10 µg/dL This plot shows a soil background level of 50 Washington Street at the westernmost (e.g., Mielke, 1999)—such is the case ppm Pb (consistent with geological materials) intersection. A comparison of the Pb and the surface retention of Pb, but also displays in Indianapolis. The actual distribution the ambient diffuse soil Pb enrichment in urban loading from roadway sources along of blood Pb levels exceeding action versus suburban areas. Sampling locations are these two streets reveals three main limits is getting more difficult to obtain in Laidlaw (2001). factors of roadway Pb deposition. First, due to privacy issues, but in the past, the decrease in Pb concentration away blood Pb values could be collected to redistribution of Pb-enriched particles from the roadway is manifest in both from health department records down and soil—this issue will be addressed higher and lower traffic volume settings to the level of a street address, provid- more completely in the next section— (Fig. 4). Second, although leaded gaso- ing an outstanding way to examine the but the recurrence of a general urban line use spanned a relatively short time environmental factors in human health. enrichment of soil Pb has been docu- along the suburban roadway, the legacy The address-level distribution of blood mented in many regions (e.g., Mielke et of this deposited roadway Pb remains, Pb levels exceeding action limits in al., 1983), and the potential impacts of attesting to the immobility of Pb after Indianapolis from 1992 to 1994 is infor- this urban contamination were presaged deposition. Finally and most critically, mative. Much of the higher blood Pb by the classic quote by Clair Patterson the urban roadway example shows both values are concentrated in urban areas, (NAS, 1980), “Sometime in the near the impact of the long-term Pb loading particularly downtown. In contrast, very future it probably will be shown that the from leaded gasoline close to the road- older urban areas of the United States have been rendered more or less unin- habitable by the millions of tons of poi- sonous industrial Pb residues that have accumulated in cities during the past century.” To explore this generalized urban enrichment, termed diffuse soil Pb, and evidence of its potential human health impact, we first show the pattern of diffuse soil Pb in Indianapolis, then the link between soil Pb and children’s blood Pb levels. One of the characteristics of Pb dis- tribution in the surface soils of cities is a distinct decrease in concentration from the city center to suburban sur- roundings (Mielke, 1999), a legacy both Figure 4. Average Pb concentrations in surface soil as a function of distance from the roadway using of Pb deposition, redistribution, and the urban Washington Street and suburban East Kessler Boulevard transects. The decrease away smearing of original point sources, and from the roadway source is apparent, but more importantly, there are significantly higher values in the urban transect, even at distances up to 42.5 m from the road center, beyond the range of direct less Pb deposition in newer suburban deposition of Pb particulates from the combustion of leaded gasoline. Additionally, the significant neighborhoods due to recent Pb con- near-roadway loading of surface soils in the urban transect is reflective of higher daily traffic trols. This urban-suburban gradient volumes and the much greater duration of the urban roadway as an important traffic artery.

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 7 few incidences of blood Pb poisoning are found in the newer suburban areas to the west, north, south, and northeast sides of the city (Fig. 5). Because these are individual blood Pb data, population density plays some role in the distribu- tion; for example, rural farmlands on the city outskirts have few incidences. But based on the 1999–2000 U.S. Census (Laidlaw, 2001), the population density per census tract in the newer suburban areas with few blood Pb poi- soning incidences is comparable to the urban and near-urban areas with a high incidence. To explore the concept of diffuse soil Pb (i.e., Pb now present far away from its initial depositional area) and its potential role in affecting children’s health (e.g., Lanphear et al., 1998), we carefully selected sampling locations throughout Indianapolis. Our sampling criteria included soil >50 m from road- ways and from structures (which might have contributed Pb-based paint), and was augmented by aerial photographic records over Indianapolis from several Figure 5. Satellite infrared image of Indianapolis, central Indiana (the boundaries are the Marion time slices (1940, 1970). The purpose of County borders—the city of Indianapolis officially extended its boundaries to those of the county these aerial photographs was to rule out in 1970). The concentration of diffuse soil Pb in surface soils of Indianapolis (colored regions) the potential for inadvertently sampling displays a characteristic pattern of urban enrichment trending toward background values in suburban and agricultural regions. The overprint of high diffuse soil Pb presented here corresponds soils from disturbed, excavated, or filled roughly to the distribution of elevated blood Pb levels in children, displayed as circles for the areas that might have surface Pb con- distribution of children’s venous blood samples exhibiting Pb concentrations above the level of tents characteristic of artificial materials concern (10 µg/dL) from 1992 to 1994 in Indianapolis. Most elevated blood samples are from the rather than ambient soil. As one can downtown region (significant overlap of multiple positive results occur in this region), with some additional scattered positive results ranging toward the older suburban development to the west imagine in a rapidly developing urban and the east. These trends in positive samples are not dominantly controlled by population density, area, these criteria narrowed acceptable as the northern corridor and northeast portion of Indianapolis have population densities similar sites to only ~100 distinct sites (because to those in the central urban region. The arrows point to regions with high diffuse soil Pb but low incidence of Pb poisoning, at apparent odds with the direct link between soils and blood. As with of tillage, even the agricultural sites all epidemiological processes, a number of factors act as filters between potential exposure and were excluded). Many of the accept- toxicology, like socioeconomic status, age, population distribution, etc. In the case of the blue able sites were in parks, cemeteries, and arrow, the lack of Pb poisoning is due to the lack of habitations in this industrial corridor, while the very large lawns. Analyses were also green arrow highlights a main street that displays a socioeconomic divide between poverty-line neighborhoods in the near-urban area and upper-middle and upper-class neighborhoods in the carried out to determine whether soil northern suburban area. source material showed any inherent Pb variation. The soil in Marion County (the area surrounding and including Indianapolis) is glacial outwash, till, and alluvium with a variety of litholo- gies including limestone, shale, and

Figure 6. Seasonal patterns in children’s blood Pb levels from New York State, showing summer peaks and a general decline from 1995 to 1999 (after Haley and Talbot, 2004). Note the generally higher levels of Pb poisoning in two-year-olds (“Age 2”), who are generally more mobile with consequently greater hand exposure to Pb-contaminated surfaces and more access to the outdoors.

8 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY granite. No trend was found between In another case, the lack of correlation increased contact with soils containing Pb content and soil composition across between soil Pb and blood Pb corre- Pb during the summer. A positive in this Marion County (Laidlaw, 2001), and sponds with a very high socioeconomic trend is that, overall, children’s blood Pb thus we suggest that soil mineralogy is status in a wealthy northside neighbor- values continued to decrease through a minor control on the Pb distributions hood (green arrow on Fig. 5). the 1990s, but the seasonal trend in presented here. Although many factors influence values seen in comprehensive studies is In contrast to roadway and house- the relationship between geology and still a striking feature (Fig. 6). Summer side soil sampling, which might exhibit human health in the story of Pb, it is increases of children’s blood Pb levels Pb concentrations above 1000 ppm, clear from the lack of closure on this were so prominent over many years in the highest soil Pb concentrations in issue that we do not yet understand all Syracuse, New York, that the research- our study were below 500 ppm. The of the contributing factors. Furthermore, ers concluded that the phenomena lowest Pb concentrations averaged ~50 the generalized approach presented was probably caused by the interaction ppm, which is a typical value for soils above provides a reference point for between climate and soils (Johnson et in this region based on a comparison further work, but does not integrate al., 1996; Johnson and Bretsch, 2002), to selected rural sites (Fig. 3; Laidlaw, health data and geologic data well, nor leading to enhanced dust Pb loading 2001) and which we consider here does it present clear recommendations to children. An intriguing alternative the geological background value. As that geologists can make to health spe- hypothesis for blood Pb seasonality expected, the highest soil Pb concen- cialists in further reducing this public is internal, whereby bone material is trations were centered directly over health hazard beyond the incredibly increasingly recycled during summer the old urban and industrial areas of costly and disruptive solution of remov- months, releasing stored Pb to the Indianapolis (Fig. 5), where the diffuse ing all of the contaminated surface soil blood stream (Rothenberg et al., 2001). soil Pb content averaged ~200 ppm. in urban areas and replacing it with Additionally, the increased amount of Beyond this central hot spot, Pb con- clean fill. Several bridging efforts are time that children spend outdoors in the centrations decreased systematically now being pursued to help further summer when school is out may lead to toward the suburban outskirts of the medical geology in the context of elimi- increased exposure to Pb in soil. city, ultimately falling to background nating childhood Pb poisoning. Beyond To better constrain this possible cli- values in the rural fringes of the city simply documenting Pb distribution mate–soil–human health link, we have (Fig. 5). The central peak is consistent and its public health implications, cur- been investigating in detail variations with the long history of Pb use in the rent research is also examining more in children’s blood Pb levels as a func- downtown area, but the generally high closely Pb as a toxicological agent with tion of climate and soil factors in several values even away from point sources predictable behavior. For example, iso- urban areas. The ultimate goal of this support the argument of a redistribu- topic techniques have been utilized to effort is to develop a predictive model tion of Pb over time. This is a common closely examine the entry mechanisms whereby a medical researcher can make feature of urban Pb distribution (e.g., of Pb into the body and the cycling of an accurate diagnosis of Pb poisoning Mielke, 1999), and it is likely related to Pb within the body (e.g., Maddaloni et based on seasonal and weather-related the wind-driven redistribution of fine al., 1998; Gwiazda and Smith, 2000), factors as well as blood Pb level data. Pb-enriched particulates in a statistically with a goal of pinpointing the source With a focus on Indianapolis (ongoing consistent pattern (e.g., a two-dimen- of Pb toxicity in individuals and thus analyses are also being conducted in sional exponential decay curve) over more closely coupling prevention and several other cities, with similar results decades. treatment. Another new tool of promise as those presented here), we used a Combining the distribution of soil in accurately assessing Pb poisoning is number of climatologically independent Pb with that of children’s blood Pb predictive modeling of children’s blood variables, including average monthly poisoning reveals several important Pb levels using climatologic data. soil moisture, particulate matter <10 characteristics of diffuse soil Pb as a CLIMATIC FACTORS AND A microns in size (PM10), wind speed, potential contributor to children’s health BLOOD Pb PREDICTIVE MODEL and temperature obtained from state problems. First, the similarity in the dis- FOR HEALTH CARE RESEARCH and federal government data sources. tribution of elevated soil and blood Pb Several studies have identified a We also used blood Pb databases values downtown reveals the potential seasonal trend in blood Pb levels, obtained from local and state govern- for diffuse soil Pb to be an additional with average monthly blood Pb levels mental sources and averaged them and important factor in children’s blood of children from urban areas increas- monthly (Fig. 7). Pb levels. Second, population patterns ing significantly in summer months Based on this multiple regression definitely have some influence on the (Rabinowitz and Needleman, 1982; model, and unpublished results from health distribution data. For example, Hwang and Wang, 1990; Johnson et al., several other American cities, we some areas downtown have perhaps 1996; Mielke and Reagan, 1998; Yiin et believe that the seasonality in children’s the highest concentration of diffuse soil al., 2000; Johnson and Bretsch, 2002; blood Pb levels (Fig. 7) is controlled by Pb but surprisingly few incidences of Haley and Talbot, 2004), perhaps partly exposure to Pb dust originating from Pb poisoning (blue arrow on Fig. 5); due to increased exposure to Pb-based contaminated soils and suspended in in this case, this is because this region paint on window sills and through the air when several weather-related is an industrial area with no housing. environmental conditions are present:

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 9 Figure 7. Best-fit model results to predict blood Pb levels (BLLs) in children from Indianapolis compared to actual monthly average BLLs. This type of effort can be used to better treat Pb poisoning from a public health perspective by providing clinicians with predicted trends of BLLs (functionally calculated as a percent deviation from the mean) at a given blood sampling event, allowing them to calculate the potential increase or decrease with time given normal exposure. Twelve separate multiple linear regression models, not presented in this paper, were modeled and differed only in the dependent variable. The independent variables for each model consisted of soil moisture, wind speed, particulate matter <10 microns in size (PM10), temperature, atmospheric Pb, interaction variables, and monthly dummy variables (M1 to M11). The time period of the regression consisted of 36 months between December 1999 and November 2002. The dependent variables for the models included monthly child blood Pb data from (1) a variety of subregions in Indianapolis, (2) a variety of BLLs, and (3) a variety of ages (i.e., 0–1.0, 1.01–2.0, 2.01–3.0, 3.01–4, 4.01–5, and 5.01–7.0 yr). The blood Pb database totals during this time interval included a monthly child blood Pb data set of 15,969 children. The outcome variable, children’s average monthly city blood Pb concentration, was regressed against the average monthly independent variables soil moisture, PM10, wind speed, temperature, interaction variables, and monthly high temperature, low soil moisture, data, a health researcher can determine dummy variables using backward elimination and elevated atmospheric PM10. When the expected variation in blood Pb procedures. The dominant wind direction in temperature is high and evapotrans- levels of the general population and, if Indianapolis is east-southeast (Laidlaw, 2001), piration is maximized, soil moisture performed in more detail using the sub- but in our initial analysis, wind direction had no becomes low, and the generation of soil set of children’s age, the expected varia- predictive application for blood Pb values. This model indicates that the variables or interaction dust is maximized. Under these com- tion in a given young patient. This is variables including soil moisture, wind speed, bined weather conditions, Pb-enriched particularly important when attempting PM10, temperature, and the monthly dummy PM10 dust disperses in the urban envi- to treat blood Pb poisoning using dis- variables for March through September explain ronment and is manifest by elevated Pb crete venous sampling events—a “safe” 87% of the variation in the response variable, dust loading. In this case, exposure is level measured in the spring under monthly average child BLL concentration (correlation coefficient, r2, = 0.87; number of via increased dust loads in homes and conditions of high soil moisture could individuals = 15,969). on contact surfaces, with ingestion as become a poisonous level in the same the uptake mechanism. Although further patient just several months later when work using detailed tracking of Pb, pos- atmospheric conditions increase ambi- sibly involving Pb isotopic studies as ent Pb loading. outlined above, may help to elucidate CONCLUSIONS AND of them from lower socioeconomic the connection between seasonality and RECOMMENDATIONS minority households. In this paper, we blood Pb values, we argue that the abil- The controls placed on the use of highlighted the persistence of Pb in ity of geochemical and meteorological Pb have been incredibly successful in surface soils as a potential route for the factors to predict blood Pb supports our lowering the general loading of Pb to continued poisoning of urban youth, supposition that external loading and the environment and have resulted in with socioeconomic status being a large exposure drives much of the blood Pb impressive and positive human health contributor to the problem in areas with concentrations. benefits. Nevertheless, we continue to high ambient soil Pb. Although educa- In addition to the development of be faced with the legacy of Pb depo- tion and remediation seems to show hypotheses related to the incorporation sition, particularly in urban environ- continuing health benefits, it is likely of Pb into children’s systems, a promis- ments. As a result of this environmental that we will have to adopt another ing result of these modeling analyses is and geological situation, over 400,000 strategy, including soil Pb and soil dust the ability to predict toxicity in a given children in the United States between exposure, to get over the final hurdle population. In other words, through the ages of one and five are still poi- and eradicate Pb poisoning in this easily collected atmospheric and soil soned by Pb (NHANES, 2003), many country. This strategy might include

10 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY funded programs focused on aggres- Graziano, J.H., Blum, C.B., Lolacono, N.J., Slavkovich, Mielke, H.W., Gonzales, C., Powell, E., Coty, S., and Shah, V., Manton, W.I., Pond, S., and Moore, M.R., 1996, A hu- A., 2003, Anthropogenic distribution of lead, in Skinner, sive landscaping of urban soils that are man in vivo model for the determination of lead bioavail- H.C.W., and Berger, A.R., eds., Geology and health: Closing implicated in Pb poisoning, including ability using stable isotope dilution: Environmental Health the gap: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 119–124. Perspectives, v. 104, p. 176–179. mulching, geotextile barriers, dilution National Academy of Sciences [NAS], 1980, Lead in the Gwiazda, R., and Smith, D.R., 2000, Lead isotopes as a human environment: Committee on lead in the human envi- of soil Pb with added clean top soil, supplementary tool in the routine evaluation of household ronment: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, or construction projects like decking lead hazards: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 108, p. 265–349. p. 1091–1097. installation to remove children and their National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey Haley, V.B., and Talbot, T.O., 2004, Seasonality and trend in [NHANES], 2003, Centers for Disease Control and homes from exposure to Pb-enriched blood lead levels of New York State children: BMC Pediatrics, Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/ dust and soils. By collecting data and v. 4, p. 8, doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-4-8. nhanes99-02.htm, Accessed 15 Aug. 2004. Hong, S., Candelone, J.-P., Patterson, C.C., and Boutron, Rabinowitz, M.B., and Needleman, H.L., 1982, Temporal designing studies that more directly C.F., 1994, Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pol- trends in the lead concentration of umbilical cord blood: inform the health sciences community, lution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations: Science, v. 216, p. 1429–1431. Science, v. 265, p. 1841–1843. particularly with the application of spa- Rabito, F.A., Shorter, C., and White, L.E., 2003, Lead levels Hwang, Y.-H., and Wang, J.-D., 1990, Temporal fluctuation among children who live in public housing: Epidemiology tially-referenced studies and Pb isotopic of the lead level in the cord blood of neonates in Taipei: (Cambridge, Massachusetts), v. 14, p. 263–268. Archives of Environmental Health, v. 45, p. 42–45. techniques, researchers in the field of Roberts, J.R., Reigert, J.R., Eberling, M., and Hulsey, T.C., medical geology may have an important Johnson, D., and Bretsch, J., 2002, Soil lead and chil- 2001, Time required for blood lead levels to decline in non- dren’s BLL Levels in Syracuse, NY, USA: Environmental chelated children: Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, part to play in improving the short and Geochemistry and Health, v. 24, p. 375–385, doi: 10.1023/ v. 39, p. 153–160, doi: 10.1081/CLT-100103831. A:1020500504167. long-term health of urban youth. Rosman, K.J., Chisholm, W., Hong, S., Candelone, J.-P., and Johnson, D., McDade, K., and Griffith, D., 1996, Seasonal Boutron, C.F., 1997, Lead from Carthaginian and Roman ACKNOWLEDGMENTS variation in pediatric blood levels in Syracuse, NY, USA: Spanish mines isotopically identified in Greenland ice We would like to thank the early and Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 18, p. 81–88. dated from 600 B.C. to 300 A.D.: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, p. 3413–3416., doi: 10.1021/es970038k. continued inspiration from H. Mielke Koller, K., Brown, T., Spurgeon, A., and Levy, L., 2004, Recent developments in low-level lead exposure and Rothenberg, S.J., Kondrashov, V., Manalo, M., Manton, and D. Johnson, students in a variety of intellectual impairment in children: Environmental Health W.I., Khan, F., Todd, A.C., and Johnson, C., 2001, Seasonal courses at Indiana University–Purdue Perspectives, v. 112, p. 987–994. variation in bone lead contribution to blood lead during pregnancy: Environmental Research, v. 85, p. 191–194, doi: Kurkjian, R., and Flegal, R.A., 2003, Isotopic evidence University Indianapolis who have con- 10.1006/enrs.2000.4238. of the persistent dominance of blood lead concentration tributed intellectually and physically to by previous gasoline lead emission in Yerevan, Armenia: Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S.A., and Gill, G.A., 1999, Impact of Environmental Research, v. 93, p. 308–315, doi: 10.1016/ the Clean Water Act on the levels of toxic metals in urban this work, and David Bivin for statisti- S0013-9351(03)00066-5. estuaries: The Hudson River estuary revisited: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, p. 3477–3481, doi: 10.1021/ cal assistance, including the suggestion Laidlaw, Mark, 2001, Distribution and sources of metals in es981130z. of the monthly dummy variables to soils of Marion County, Indiana [M.S. Thesis]: Indianapolis, Indiana University, 175 p. Settle, D.M., and Patterson, C.C., 1980, Lead in albacore: increase modeling significance. Reviews Guide to lead pollution in Americans: Science, v. 207, Lanphear, B.P., Matte, T.D., Rogers, J., Clickner, p. 1167–1176. by W. Berry Lyons, Thomas Ziegler, R.P., Dietz, B., Bornschein, R.L., Succop, P., Mahaffey, K.R., Jeff Chiarenzelli, Samuel Bowring, and Dixon, S., Galke, W., Rabinowitz, M., Farfel, M., Rohde, Young, T.M., Heerman, D.A., Sirin, G., and Ashbaugh, L.L., C., Schwartz, J., Ashley, P., and Jacobs, D.E., 1998, The con- 2002, Resuspension of soil as a source of airborne lead near Gerry Ross improved this manuscript tribution of lead-contaminated house dust and residential industrial facilities and highways: Environmental Science & substantially. soil to children’s blood lead levels. A pooled analysis of Technology, v. 36, p. 2484–2490, doi: 10.1021/es015609u. 12 epidemiologic studies: Environmental Research, v. 79, Yiin, L., Rhoads, G., and Lioy, P., 2000, Seasonal influ- p. 51–68, doi: 10.1006enrs.1998.3859. REFERENCES CITED ences on childhood lead exposure: Environmental Health Lee, P.-K., Touray, J.-C., Bailiff, P., and Ildefonse, J.-P., 1997, Perspectives, v. 108, p. 177–182. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR], Heavy metal contamination of settling particles in a reten- 2002, Pediatric environmental health: Case studies in envi- Ziegler, E.E., Edwards, B.B., Jensen, R.L., Mahaffey, K.R., tion pond along the A-71 motorway in Sologne, France: ronmental medicine: Atlanta, Georgia, ATSDR Publication and Foman, S.J., 1978, Absorption and retention of lead by The Science of the Total Environment, v. 201, p. 1–15, doi: no. ATSDR-HE-CS-2002-0002, 88 p. infants: Pediatric Research, v. 12, p. 29–34. 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)84048-X. Bernard, S.M., 2003, Should the Centers for Disease Control Maddaloni, M., LoIacono, N., Manton, W., Blum, C., and Prevention’s childhood lead poisoning intervention Drexler, J., and Graziano, J., 1998, Bioavailability of Manuscript received 21 September 2004; level be lowered?: American Journal of Public Health, v. 93, soil-borne lead in adults by stable isotope dilution: ✤ p. 1253–1260. accepted 1 November 2004. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 106, p. 1589–1594. Brody, D.J., Pirkle, J.L., Kramer, R.A., Flegal, K.M., Matte, Manton, W.I., Angle, C.R., Stanek, K.L., Reese, Y.R., and T.D., Gunter, E.W., and Paschal, D.C., 1994, Blood Kuehnemann, A.J., 2000, Acquisition and retention of lead lead levels in the U.S. population. Phase 1 of the Third by young children: Environmental Research, v. 82, p. 60– National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 80, doi: 10.1006/enrs.1999.4003. 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Jr., Smith, K.S., “Archives” button. composition of soil, sediments, and urban dust and dirt and Conzales, C.R., 1997, Associations between soil lead samples from the Menomonee River Watershed, Wisconsin, and children’s blood lead in urban New Orleans and Access to GSA Today U.S.A.: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 22, p. 257–275, doi: rural Lafourch Parish of Louisiana: Environmental Health online is free. 10.1007/BF00159348. Perspectives, v. 105, p. 950–954.

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 11 GSA Specialty Divisions

Archaeological Geology Hydrogeology Coal Geology International Engineering Geology Limnogeology Geobiology & Planetary Geology Geomicrobiology Quaternary Geology and Geology and Society Geomorphology Geophysics Sedimentary Geology Geoscience Education Structural Geology and History of Geology Tectonics

If you found this month’s science article interesting, find out more about a proposed new Geomedicine Division, which should go to GSA Council for approval this spring. Click on the link at www. geosociety.org/sectdiv/. GSA specialty divisions are open to any member, and you may belong to multiple divisions. Dues range from $2 to $12 per year, depending on the division and your membership level. Division dues are waived for Senior Members and Senior Fellows. It’s easy to join a GSA division! Go to www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/, or contact GSA Sales and Service by phone, (303) 357-1057 option 3, fax 303-357-1071, or e-mail [email protected].

Salute Your Specialty and Join a GSA Division Today! Final Announcement

ing. Poster space will be 4' × 8' and authors are required to be present at their poster for at least two hours. JOINT MEETING ABSTRACTS Abstract deadline: February 1, 2005 101st Annual Meeting of the Cordilleran Section, Abstracts for all sessions should be submitted online at GSA, and 80th Annual Meeting of the Pacific www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm. If you can- Section, AAPG not submit your abstract electronically, contact Nancy Carlson, Fairmont Hotel, San José, California (303) 357-1061. REGISTRATION April 29–May 1, 2005 Standard Registration Deadline: March 28, 2005 http://www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm Cancellation Deadline: April 4, 2005 Registration Fees THEME: BAY, BASINS, BASEMENT, AND BEYOND Standard On-site The 2005 annual meetings of the Cordilleran Section, GSA, Full meeting One day Full meeting One day and the Pacific Section, AAPG, will be held jointly at the Professional Member $125 $85 $160 $100 Fairmont Hotel in San José, hosted by the Department of Professional Nonmember $150 $100 $200 $125 Geology, San José State University. Up-to-date information Student Member $45 $30 $60 $40 about the meeting can be found at www.geosociety.org/ Student Nonmember $55 $35 $70 $45 sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm. K–12 Professional $40 N/A $50 N/A Guest or Spouse $40 N/A $50 N/A ENVIRONMENT Field Trip/Short Course only $25 N/A $30 N/A The city of San José is located at the southern tip of San Francisco Bay and is the third largest city in California and GSA Headquarters will handle registration. Please register 11th largest in the United States. San José is nestled in a broad online at www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm. If alluvial valley between the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west you need assistance, contact GSA Member Services, 1-888- and the Diablo Range to the east. Long time residents still 443-4472, (303) 357-1000 option 3, or gsaservice@geosociety. refer to the San José area as the “Valley of Heart’s Delight,” org. Register early to qualify for lower fees. hearkening back to its agricultural roots and gentle climate, On-Site Registration Schedule but it is widely known today as “Silicon Valley,” where tech- Thursday, April 28 4–8 p.m. nology and innovation rule. San José is among the most Friday, April 29 7:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. culturally and ethnically diverse cities in North America, and Saturday, April 30 7:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. one can find a rich tapestry of cultural sites and activities to Sunday, May 1 7:30 a.m.–noon explore and experience. Temperatures are mild in late April and early May (60–70 °F), and the area has tremendous rec- ACCESSIBILITY AND CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY reational opportunities for all to enjoy. San José is served by GSA is committed to making its meetings accessible to all most major airlines through Mineta–San José International people interested in attending. Please indicate special require- Airport, which is just three miles from downtown. The meet- ments (wheelchair accessibility, etc.) on the registration form. ing site is the spectacular Fairmont Hotel in the heart of The Fairmont Hotel is ADA compliant. downtown San José, adjacent to Plaza de Cesar Chavez. The Additionally, please refrain from wearing scented products Fairmont is on the VTA light rail line and is within easy walk- to the meeting, in order to allow participation by persons dis- ing distance of many restaurants, pubs, microbreweries, clubs, abled by chemical sensitivities. cinemas, galleries, and museums. FIELD TRIPS CALL FOR PAPERS For further details on field trips, please contact either the Papers are invited for a variety of topical sessions (oral trip leader or the field trip chair, Calvin Stevens, (408) 924- and poster), including symposia, theme sessions, and general 5029, [email protected], or visit www.geosociety.org/ technical sessions. Authors interested in volunteering papers sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm. for symposia should contact the appropriate convener prior Premeeting to submitting an abstract. Oral presentations in technical ses- 1. Seismic Hazard of the Front Range Thrust Faults, sions will be 15 minutes in length, including three minutes for Santa Cruz Mountains. 1 day, April 26. Drew Kennedy, questions. All oral sessions will utilize a single digital projector Sanders & Associates, Geostructural Engineering, Inc., and PowerPoint software. An overhead projector will also be [email protected], (916) 729-8050; Chris available in each room. Use of 35 mm slides is discouraged Hitchcock, [email protected]. This one-day field trip will and will only be accommodated by special arrangement with explore the thrust fault system along the northeastern the technical program chair at an additional cost. Requests for topographic range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains. slide projectors must be made one month prior to the meet- Recent geomorphic investigations of the thrust faults have

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 13 provided a greater understanding of their activity and, Sierra–Franciscan arc subduction system was initiated. hence, their contribution to seismic hazards in the San On this trip, we will look at some of the Jurassic rocks Francisco Bay area. Deformed and offset late Quaternary that were added to the continent and discuss the tectonic alluvial fans and terraces, elevated topography, and environment in which they formed and the controls on micro-seismicity suggest that the faults, although not the timing of their accretion. Leave the Fairmont Hotel, necessarily surface fault rupture hazards, likely accom- San José, at 7:30 a.m., Apr. 27; return to San José at 6 modate a significant portion of the contractional strain p.m., Apr. 28. Overnight at Auburn Travelodge, Auburn, across the region. The field trip will start at the north California. Limit: 22. Cost: $108, includes lunches, trans- end of the thrust system near Daly City and work down portation, hotel, and guidebook. the San Francisco Peninsula to near Los Gatos. Leave the 5. Geology of Mount Diablo. 1 day, April 28. Ron Crane, Fairmont Hotel, San José, at 7:30 a.m.; return to San José Consultant, [email protected], (925) 837-6508. The geol- at 5:30 p.m. Limit: 33. Cost: $83, includes lunch, transpor- ogy, geologic history, origin, and development of Mount tation, and guidebook. Diablo will be explained during a traverse across and to 2. Neoproterozoic Paleogeography of Southern Death the top of Mount Diablo. Stops will be made at several Valley: Adding Some New Pieces to an Old Puzzle. places of geologic and scenic interest. Leave the Fairmont 3 days, April 26–28. Matt McMackin, San José State Hotel, San José, at 8 a.m., Apr. 28; return to San José at 6 University, [email protected], (408) 206-9521; p.m. Limit: 50. Cost: $54, includes lunch, transportation, Bennie Troxel; Lauren Wright; Martin Kennedy, martin. and guidebook. [email protected]. This field trip will focus 6. An Extensive Paleocene Cold Seep System: on possible reconstructions of Neoproterozoic paleoge- Clastic Dikes, Carbonates, and Chemosynthetic ography of the southern Death Valley region based on Communities in the Moreno Formation, Panoche sections exposed in the Mesquite Mountains, Kingston Hills, Western San Joaquin Valley. 1 day, April 28. Range, Black Mountains, and Silurian Hills. From the Hilde Schwartz, University of California–Santa Cruz, outcrops, our goal will be to evaluate diverse models [email protected], (831) 459-5429; Casey for reconstruction and consider the impact of recent Moore, University of California–Santa Cruz, cmoore@es. studies to better understand the events recorded by ucsc.edu; James Sample, [email protected], (928) the Proterozoic section in southern Death Valley. Leave 523-0881. This field trip will consist of at least two stops McCarran Airport, Las Vegas, at 8 a.m., Apr. 26; return to in the Panoche Hills (northern and southern) with a McCarran Airport, Las Vegas, at 4 p.m., Apr. 28. Overnight possible additional stop east of San Luis Reservoir, near near Shoshone, California. Limit: 24. Cost: $200, includes Interstate 5. The objective will be to examine Moreno meals, transportation, and guidebook. Motel accommoda- Formation clastic intrusions, carbonates, and fossils asso- tions available at additional cost. ciated with the largest and best-exposed paleoseep sys- 3. Point Lobos to Point Reyes: Evidence of ~180 tem known. The seep system is ~800 m thick, at least 20 km Offset of the San Gregorio and Northern San km long, and represents episodic migration and seafloor Andreas Faults. 2 days, April 27–28. Kathleen Burnham, expulsion of fluids over at least 0.5 million years. Leave Stanford University, [email protected], (510) the Fairmont Hotel, San José, at 8 a.m., Apr. 28; return 428-0464; Jean Moran, [email protected]. We to San José at 6 p.m. Limit: 28. Cost: $55, includes lunch, will examine granitic rocks, conglomerate, and trace fos- transportation, and field guide. sils at Point Lobos and then drive ~180 km along the San 7. The Dirt on Wine, Geology, Soils, and Wine Quality Gregorio and northern San Andreas faults to Inverness. in the Santa Clara Valley. 1 day, April 28. Terry Wright, On day two, we will examine correlative rocks at Point California State University–Sonoma, wrightw@sonoma. Reyes, as well as a 15 ft (5 m) offset associated with the edu, (707) 479-0884. A one-day bus trip to several winer- 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Participants are requested ies in the Santa Clara Valley, including discussion and to refrain from the use of aftershave, hand lotion, hair hands-on investigation of the geological setting, geology, tonic, cologne, or other fragranced personal products, and soil of Santa Clara Valley vineyards, plus wine tasting as the field trip leader is disabled by chemical sensitiv- and lunch at a winery and a short hike to view the San ity. Leave the Fairmont Hotel, San José, at 7:15 a.m., Apr. Andreas fault. This trip is geared to wine lovers and geol- 27; return to San José at 5:45 p.m., Apr. 28. Overnight ogists of all levels, but you must be 21 to attend. Leave at Olema Ranch campground ($8) or Golden Hinde Inn the Fairmont Hotel, San José, at 8:30 a.m., Apr. 28; return ($70 double occupancy), Inverness, California. Limit: 26. to San José at 5 p.m. Limit: 25. Cost: $52, includes lunch, Cost: $200, includes snacks, lunches, dinner, transporta- wine tasting, transportation, and field guide. tion, and guidebook. Postmeeting 4. Jurassic-Cretaceous Assembly of Central California. 8. Microbialite Sediments in Death Valley. 2 days, 2 days, April 27–28. Russell Graymer, U.S. Geological May 2–3. Thomas Anderson, Sonoma State University, Survey, [email protected], (650) 329-4988. Near the [email protected], (707) 664-2176; Russell Shapiro, Cretaceous-Jurassic boundary, the western margin of [email protected]; Melissa Hicks, hicksm@unlv. North America in central California underwent a major nevada.edu. This two-day trip will serve as a field course tectonic event. Much of the basement rock that underlies on recognizing microbialites in the field. We will visit key the region was added to the continental crust, and the

14 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY Proterozoic and Cambrian localities between Las Vegas 11. Large Dextral Offset across Owens Valley, California, and Tonopah in the Spring Range, Nopah Range, and from 148 Ma to 1872 A.D. 3 days, May 2–4. Allen Mount Dunfee areas. All the major types of microbialites Glazner, University of North Carolina, afglazne@email. (stromatolites, thrombolites, dendrolites, oncoids) will be unc.edu, (919) 962-0689; John Bartley, jbartley@mines. observed, including calcimicrobial-archaeocyath reefs. utah.edu; David Greene, [email protected]; Participants will be engaged in comparing the different Jeffrey Lee, [email protected]; Drew Coleman, fabrics and arguing the different models of microbialite [email protected]; Andrew Kylander-Clark, genesis. The utility of microbialites for facies analysis and [email protected]. Although the dramatic 3300 biostratigraphy will also be addressed. The field trip will m eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada was produced begin and end in Las Vegas; participants will provide by normal faulting, field data indicate that dextral slip their own transportation to and lodging in Las Vegas and dominates the tectonics of eastern California. The 1872 their own dinner and breakfast at the overnight stop in Lone Pine earthquake produced more dextral slip than Beatty, Nevada. Leave Las Vegas Airport at 7 a.m., May 2; normal slip, and mapping of several pre-Cenozoic mark- return to Las Vegas Airport at 9 p.m., May 3. Overnight at ers demonstrates 65 km or more of dextral slip since the Exchange Club, Beatty, Nevada. Limit: 20. Cost: $194, the Late Cretaceous. On this trip we will (1) examine includes lunches, transportation, hotel (double occu- neotectonic evidence for fault slip and strain partition- pancy), and guidebook. ing; (2) trace the distribution and offset of pre-Cenozoic 9. Miocene Volcano-Plutonic Systems, Southern markers (e.g., dike swarms); and (3) discuss the implica- Nevada: A Window into Upper Crustal Magmatic tions of this slip for the tectonics of eastern California and Processes. 3+ days, May 1–4. Calvin Miller, Vanderbilt unroofing of the southern Sierra Nevada. Leave the Red University, [email protected], (615) 322-2976; Roof Inn, Ontario, California, at 8 a.m., May 2; return to Jonathan Miller, San José State University, jsmiller@email. Ontario at 5 p.m. May 4. Overnight at White Mountain sjsu.edu; Jim Faulds, [email protected]. On this field trip, Research Station, Bishop, California. Limit: 40. Cost: $230, we will examine spectacular shallow to mid-crustal cross- includes all meals except lunch on day 1, transportation, sectional views of Miocene plutons and their erupted lodging at WMRS, and guidebook. volcanic products in the Eldorado Mountains and sur- 12. Outcrop Geology of some Cretaceous and Tertiary rounding areas of southern Nevada. The trip will focus Gas-Producing Strata of the Sacramento Basin. on the Aztec Wash and Searchlight plutons and related 2+ days, May 1–3 (leave San José after close of conven- volcanics, emphasizing evidence for transport processes tion). Douglas Imperato, Consulting Geologist, dpi@gte. and their influence on solidification history and erup- net, (805) 963-2399; Tor Nilsen, [email protected]. This tive behavior. Leave Las Vegas Airport at 8 p.m., May 1; field trip will allow participants an opportunity to observe return to Las Vegas Airport at 3 p.m., May 4. Overnight at outcrops of some of the Cretaceous and Tertiary gas- the Super 8 Motel, Boulder City, Nevada. Limit: 23. Cost: producing strata of the Sacramento Valley. The first day $295, includes lunches, transportation, hotel (double will focus on the Forbes and Kione formations, which are occupancy) and guidebook. productive in the northern part of the basin. On the sec- 10. Late Neogene Transition from Transform to ond day, the trip will focus on outcrops of the productive Subduction Margin East of the San Andreas Fault Lathrop, Winters, Tracy, and Mokelumne River formations in Wine Country of the Northern San Francisco of the southern part of the basin. Depositional facies and Bay Area. 3 days, May 2–4. David L. Wagner, California stratigraphic relationships observed in outcrop will be Geological Survey (retired), [email protected], related to regional depositional models for these forma- (916) 324-7380; Bob McLaughlin, U.S. Geological Survey, tions. Leave the Fairmont Hotel, San José, at 5:30 p.m., [email protected]; Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki, [email protected]. May 1; return to San José at 5:30 p.m. May 3. Overnight This three-day field trip will examine the geology and at the Hallmark Inn, Davis, California. Limit: 44. Cost: neotectonics of the Rodgers Creek–Healdsburg–Maacama $400, includes all meals except one dinner, transporta- right-stepping strike-slip fault system, associated sedi- tion, hotel for two nights (single occupancy), and field mentary basins, and the evolution of volcanism in scenic guide. Sonoma and Napa counties. Stops will focus on northern 13. The Miocene Hydrocarbon Migration System: Coast Ranges volcanism, sedimentation patterns, active Clastic Intrusions and Carbonate Seep Structures basin bounding strike-slip faulting, uplift of adjacent in the Santa Cruz Area, California. 1 day, May 2. mountain ranges along thrust faults, and rates of defor- Robert Garrison, University of California–Santa Cruz, mation. Several spectacular vistas of the region (Taylor [email protected], (831) 423-4401; Casey Moore, Mountain, Geyser Peak, and Mount St. Helena) will be University of California–Santa Cruz, [email protected]; accessed and the trip will wind down at a world class Ivano Aiello, [email protected]. Miocene biosi- Napa Valley winery. Leave the Fairmont Hotel, San José, liceous rocks in the Santa Cruz area, equivalent to the at 7:30 a.m., May 2; return to San José at 8:30 p.m. May 4. upper part of the Monterey Formation, contain some of Overnight at the Doubletree Inn, Santa Rosa, California. the best-exposed carbonate cold seep structures in the Limit: 60. Cost: $310, includes meals, transportation, hotel world, as well as the largest known subaerially exposed (double occupancy), and guidebook. hydrocarbon-fueled clastic intrusion. This trip will visit key coastal outcrops that reveal the shallow subsurface

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 15 structure of a hydrocarbon seep system. The trip ends Circum-Pacific Council. David G. Howell, U.S. with a wine tasting at the Bonny Doon Vineyard in the Geological Survey, [email protected], (650) 329-5430; Santa Cruz Mountains. Leave the Fairmont Hotel, San H. Gary Greene, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, José, at 8 a.m., May 2; return to San José at 5 p.m. Limit: [email protected], (831) 771-4183; Nahum 36. Cost: $56, includes transportation, snacks (not lunch), Schneidermann, Chevron Texaco Overseas Petroleum, wine tasting, and field guide. [email protected], (925) 842-3679. ORAL. 14. San Francisco Bay: Floating Classroom on an Urban 4. Ophiolites, Batholiths, and Regional Geology: Estuary. 1 day, May 1. Matt McMackin, San José State A Session in Honor of Cliff Hopson. Jim Wright, University, [email protected], (408) 206-9521. University of Georgia, [email protected] (706) 542- This trip includes a 4 hour cruise on San Francisco Bay 4394. ORAL and POSTER. aboard the R/V Robert G. Brownlee of the Marine Science 5. Plutons and Their Host Rocks in the Sierra Nevada Institute. Learn about the geology and biology of the bay Batholith: A Forum and Discussion on Magma with hands-on activities in a unique learning environment Emplacement, Magmatic Differentiation, and Pluton that is utilized by many area schools. Leave the Fairmont Solidification. Drew Coleman, University of North Hotel, San José, at 12 p.m., May 1; return to San José at Carolina, [email protected], (919) 962-0705; William 5:30 p.m. Limit: 40. Cost: $65, includes transportation, Hirt, College of the Siskiyous, [email protected]; Aaron snacks, and field guide. Yoshinobu, Texas Tech University, aaron.yoshinobu@ttu. 15. Franciscan Complex and Coast Range Ophiolite, edu. ORAL and POSTER. Eastern San Francisco Bay Area: A Record of THEME SESSIONS Processes along a Complex Active Plate Margin. 1 day, May 2. John Wakabayashi, Geologic Consultant, Cordilleran Section, GSA [email protected], (510) 887-1796. This trip will exam- 1. Provenance of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks ine Franciscan and Coast Range ophiolite outcrops in the Cordillera. Andrew Barth, Indiana University– from Newark to the El Cerrito Hills. Stops will include Purdue University, [email protected], (317) 274-1243; Franciscan chert, basalt, and serpentinite at the Coyote Nancy Riggs, Northern Arizona University, nancy. Hills in Newark with a bird’s eye view of an amazing [email protected], (928) 523-4561. ORAL and POSTER. quarry exposure; Coast Range ophiolite, gabbro, and vol- 2. Late Cenozoic Transition from Subduction to canics on or near the California State University–Hayward Transform Margin Inboard of the San Andreas campus; a depositional contact of Great Valley Group Fault: Northern San Francisco Bay Area to Cape shales on Coast Range ophiolite volcanics near Highway Mendocino. Robert J. McLaughlin, U.S. Geological 24; a shear zone separating blueschist-facies and Survey, [email protected], (650) 329-4945; David L. Wagner, prehnite-pumpellyite–facies Franciscan metagraywackes California Geological Survey (retired), dwagner@consrv. in El Cerrito; and high-grade Franciscan garnet amphibo- ca.gov. ORAL and POSTER. lites and coarse-grained blueschists in El Cerrito. Leave 3. Earthquakes, Past and Future, in the San Francisco the Fairmont Hotel, San José, at 7:30 a.m., May 2; return Bay Region. David P. Schwartz, U.S. Geological Survey, to San José at 5:30 p.m. Limit: 50. Cost: $40, includes [email protected], (650) 329-5651; William Lettis, transportation and guidebook. William Lettis & Associates, [email protected], (925) 256- 6070. ORAL and POSTER. TECHNICAL SESSIONS 4. Transpressional Neotectonics of the Central and In addition to general technical sessions, the program will Northern California Coast Ranges. Jeff Unruh, William include a variety of symposia and theme sessions. Detailed Lettis & Associates, [email protected], (925) 256-6070. description of symposia and theme sessions can be found at ORAL. www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm. 5. Crustal Cross Sections from the Western North SYMPOSIA America Cordillera and Elsewhere—Implications 1. Alaskan Energy Resources: New Assessments and for Tectonic and Petrologic Processes. Art Snoke, Related Geological, Geophysical, and Geochemical University of Wyoming, [email protected], (307) Studies. Rick Stanley, U.S. Geological Survey, 766-5457; Bob Miller, San José State University, [email protected], (650) 329-4918; Ken Bird, U.S. [email protected], (408) 924-5025. ORAL and Geological Survey, [email protected], (650) 329-4907. POSTER. ORAL. 6. Hydrogeology of Alluvial Aquifers in the Western 2. Tectonics of the U.S. Cordillera, SWEAT Connection United States. June Oberdorfer, San José State and Beyond: A Session in Honor of Eldridge Moores. University, [email protected], (408) 924-5026. ORAL. Sponsored by GSA Cordilleran Section. Yildirim Dilek, 7. Recent Advances in the Science of Floodplain and Miami University, [email protected], (513) 529-2212; Channel Processes and Restoration. Douglas Smith, John Wakabayashi, [email protected], (510) 887-1796. California State University–Monterey Bay, douglas_smith@ ORAL. csumb.edu, (831) 582-4696; Joan Florsheim, University of 3. Crowding the Rim—Dealing with Energy Needs, California–Davis, [email protected]. ORAL. Food, and Other Living Resources and Natural 8. Naturally Occurring Asbestos Hazards: Geology, Calamities around the Pacific. Sponsored by the Regulatory Issues, and Methods of Identification and

16 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY Assessment. Mark Bailey, Asbestos TEM Laboratories, 21. Tectonics and Sedimentation: New Models and [email protected], (510) 528-0108. ORAL. Recent Advances. Dave Barbeau, University of South 9. Ethics in the Geological Community. John Williams, Carolina, [email protected], (803) 777-5162; San José State University, [email protected], (408) Boyan Vakarelov, University of Texas at Dallas, boyan. 924-5050. ORAL. [email protected], (972) 883-2401. ORAL. 10. Earth Science for Everyone: Diverse Student 22. Beds to Basins in Turbidite Systems. Stephan A. Populations—Recruiting Techniques for Attracting Graham, Stanford University, [email protected], Them; Curricular and Extracurricular Strategies (650) 723-0507; Donald R. Lowe, Stanford University, for Retaining Them. Ellen Metzger, San José State [email protected], (650) 725-3040. ORAL. University, [email protected], (408) 924- 23. Volcaniclastic Strata: Process, Paleogeography, and 5048; Richard Sedlock, San José State University, Tectonic Reconstructions. Cathy Busby, University [email protected], (408) 924-5020. ORAL. of California–Santa Barbara, [email protected], 11. Undergraduate Research Posters. Cosponsored by (805) 893-3471; Ian Skilling, University of Pittsburgh, Council on Undergraduate Research. Karen Grove, San [email protected], (412) 624-5873. ORAL. Francisco State University, [email protected], (415) 338- 24. Fault-Related Diagenesis and Fluid Flow. Hilario 2617. POSTER. Camacho, Signal Hill Petroleum, [email protected], Pacific Section, AAPG (562) 595-6440; Jim Sample, Northern Arizona University, 12. Sacramento Valley Gas Exploration and Production. [email protected], (928) 523-0881. ORAL. Rick Blake, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, WORKSHOPS [email protected], (925) 422-9910. ORAL. Roy J. Shlemon Mentor Program in Applied Geoscience. 13. Application of New Technologies to Petroleum Sponsored by GSA Foundation. Fri., April 29, and Sat., April Reservoirs: (A) Implications for Exploration; 30, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. Luncheon location information available (B) Implications for Production. Tim McHargue, at GSA’s registration desk. Karlon Blythe, kblythe@geosociety. ChevronTexaco, [email protected], (925) org. This interactive and informative program for undergradu- 842-6255; Bryan Bracken, ChevronTexaco, BryanBracken@ ate and graduate students, led by professional geoscientists, chevrontexaco.com, (925) 842-2144. ORAL. will cover real life issues, including professional opportunities 14. CO2 Sequestration: Science and Opportunity in the and challenges that await students after graduation. Plan to West. S. Julio Friedmann, Lawrence Livermore National attend both free luncheons to hear different presenters each Laboratory; [email protected], (925) 423-0585. ORAL. day. Students will receive FREE LUNCH tickets in the regis- 15. A New Three-Dimensional Look at the Geology, tration packets to attend both Shlemon Programs; however, Geophysics, and Hydrology of the Santa Clara space is limited: first come, first served. Valley, California: A Showcase of Urban Earth The John Mann Mentors in Applied Hydrogeology Science. Randall T. Hanson, U.S. Geological Survey, Program. Sponsored by GSA Foundation. Fri., April 29, [email protected], (858) 637-6839; Bob Jachens, U.S. 5–6:30 p.m. Meeting location information available at GSA’s Geological Survey, [email protected], (650) 329-5300. registration desk. Karlon Blythe, [email protected]. This ORAL and POSTER. early evening event presents mentoring opportunities for 16. Data Visualization, 3-D Mapping, and Property undergraduate and graduate students and recent graduates Modeling. Vic Madrid, Lawrence Livermore National with declared interest in applied hydrogeology as a career to Laboratory, [email protected], (925) 422-9930. ORAL. interact and network with practicing hydrogeology profes- 17. Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions: sionals. This program is a focused, small-scale event that fea- Hydrogeology and Water Quality in the San tures FREE FOOD for participants. Participant eligibility is lim- Francisco Bay Region. Alec Naugle, San Francisco Bay ited to those students who have declared their career interest Regional Water Quality Control Board, [email protected]. to be hydrology or hydrogeology on their GSA membership ca.gov, (510) 622-2510. ORAL. applications and who have registered online for this section Pacific Section, SEPM meeting. An e-mail invitation will then be sent to those quali- 18. Estimating Recharge. Karin A. Hoover, California State fied students. Keep in mind that only a quick response to the University–Chico, [email protected], (530) 898-5618. invitation will secure you a seat, as attendance at this Mann ORAL. Mentor event is limited! 19. Sediment Delivery to Streams: Mechanisms, SHORT COURSES Volumes, and Timing. Karin A. Hoover, California State 1. Groundwater Age-Dating: Application and University–Chico, [email protected], (530) 898-5618. Interpretation of Tritium and the Noble Gases for ORAL. Water Resource Investigations. Sponsored by the 20. The Hydrobiogeochemical Cycle of Mercury. Groundwater Resources Association. Thurs., April 28, 8:30 William M. Murphy, California State University–Chico, a.m.–5:30 p.m. G. Bryant Hudson, Lawrence Livermore [email protected], (530) 898-5163; Ronald K. National Laboratory, [email protected], (925) 422-3160; Churchill, California Geological Survey. rchurch@consrv. Jean E. Moran, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ca.gov, (916) 327-0745. ORAL. [email protected], (925) 423-1478; Andrew F. Tompson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, tompson1@llnl.

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 17 gov, (925) 422-6348. Professional: $120. Student: $25. An provide the hands-on experience to learning sequence additional fee of $25 applies if you are not registered for stratigraphy. The exercises will include classic case stud- the meeting. ies from which many of the original concepts were Understanding groundwater age, or the time since derived. A case study from the Los Angeles Basin will be groundwater entered the saturated zone, can have impor- highlighted to illustrate the application of sequence stra- tant implications for managing groundwater resources tigraphy to solve problems with seawater intrusion into and determining aquifer vulnerability to contamination. freshwater aquifers. Knowledge of the groundwater age distribution in a 3. Quantitative P-T-t Paths from Integrated basin can be used to delineate groundwater or contami- Thermodynamic Modeling, Geochronology, and nant flow pathways, identify recharge areas, and provide Metamorphic Textures. Wed., April 27, and Thurs., a measure of hydraulic conductivity. While the pres- April 28. Harold Stowell, University of Alabama, ence or absence of tritium in groundwater can mark a [email protected], (205) 348 5098; Douglas component of “modern” groundwater—recharged in the Tinkham, University of Calgary, [email protected]; past few decades—the tritium-helium age dating method Carlos Zuluaga, University of Alabama, zulua001@bama. allows the dating of a water sample with an analytical ua.edu. Cost: Check registration form. uncertainty of one year. This one and a half day workshop for graduate Participants will be guided through all stages of the students and Ph.D. petrology, mineralogy, or tectonics increasingly popular technique of groundwater age dat- specialists will provide participants with hands-on ing, from sampling and analysis to data reduction and knowledge about data and methods needed for con- modeling the results. Students will see a video showing structing quantitative P-T-t paths using pseudosections the sampling method for dissolved gases in groundwater, (e.g., composition-specific P-T phase diagrams), min- learn about mass spectrometric methods for measuring eral textures, and geochronological data. The course helium isotopes and other gases, calculate groundwa- will emphasize the use of THERMOCALC (Powell and ter ages using real data from groundwater samples in Holland, 1988) and ISOPLOT (Ludwig, 2001) for con- California, learn how to apply groundwater ages to water structing P-T-t paths. Participants will learn the details of resource investigations, and see how groundwater ages THERMOCALC data file organization and will construct can be used to validate and constrain groundwater flow parts of a P-T pseudosection. models. Participants will be exposed to other param- 4. Half-Day Bay Area Earth Science Institute (BAESI) eters that are derived from dissolved gas measurements, Teacher Workshop. Geologic Mapping for Teachers: including residence times from radiogenic 4He, recharge Field Trip to Santa Teresa Hills County Park. Sat., conditions from excess air and recharge temperature April 30, 8:30 a.m.–12:30 p.m. Ellen Metzger, San determinations, and excess dissolved nitrogen for quan- José State University, [email protected], (408) tification of denitrification. Emphasis will be on under- 924-5048; Richard Sedlock, San José State University, standing the meaning of a groundwater age from a well [email protected], (408) 924-5020. $10 fee. water sample, including limitations in its interpretation, Participants will learn more about California’s famous and on proven applications. Participants are encouraged Franciscan Complex and will produce a simple geologic to bring their own laptop with Excel. map and cross section. Each participant will receive Who should attend: Students at the B.S. or M.S. level; a rock kit and a wall-sized geologic cross section of practicing geologists, hydrologists, and engineers with California as it was 100 million years ago. Snacks pro- a senior undergraduate or graduate level background vided. in geology, hydrology, chemistry, and physics; and SPECIAL EVENTS researchers who would like to upgrade their knowledge • Icebreaker. Thurs., April 28, 5–9 p.m., Exhibit Hall, of groundwater age dating and isotope hydrology. Fairmont Hotel. 2. Application of Sequence Stratigraphy to Define the • Keynote Address. 1906 Earthquake Centennial: A Aquifer Architecture of Groundwater Resources. Century of Progress in Understanding Earthquake Wed., April 27, and Thurs., April 28, 9 a.m.–6 p.m. Science, Mary Lou Zoback, U.S. Geological Survey, Morgan Sullivan, California State University–Chico, [email protected], Sat., April 30, 5 p.m., Fairmont Hotel. [email protected], (530) 898-4748; Kenneth • An Evening of Exploration—Geology and Wine. Ehman, Skyline Ridge, Inc., [email protected], (408) Hosted by David Howell, U.S. Geological Survey, 482-0715; Brian Edwards, U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected], and Jonathan Swinchatt, authors of [email protected], (650) 329-5488. Cost: Check regis- The Winemaker’s Dance, Exploring Terroir in the Napa tration form. Valley. Sat., April 30, 6:30 p.m. Cost: Check registration This two-day workshop will introduce the concepts of form. sequence stratigraphic analysis. Today, sequence stratig- • Annual Business Meeting and Social Hour, raphy is considered the state-of-the-art method for delin- Cordilleran Section, GSA. Fri., April 29, 5–7 p.m. The eating reservoir geometry and continuity in the petroleum annual business meeting is open to all members of the industry and is being applied to groundwater basins to Cordilleran Section GSA. The vitality of the Cordilleran understand aquifer architecture. The workshop will con- Section depends on the strength and sustained input of sist of a combination of lectures and exercises that will

18 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY its membership. This is your chance to have a say in section business and to help plan for the future. Come to the business meeting to meet the 2005 GSA Section Meetings Management Board, learn how the section operates, and meet other mem- bers who share a commitment to the future of the Cordilleran Section of GSA. Student members are encouraged NORTHEASTERN SECTION to attend. The formal meeting will begin at 5 p.m. but will then adjourn March 14–16, 2005 for informal discussion with FREE food Prime Hotel and Conference Center, Saratoga Springs, New York and a cash bar. Information: Kurt Hollocher, Union College, Department of Geology, Olin Building, • Annual Banquet, Pacific Section, Nott Street, Schenectady, NY 12308-3107, (518) 388-6518, [email protected] AAPG. Fri., April 29, 11:30 a.m.–1:30 p.m. Cost: $50. SOUTHEASTERN SECTION • Business Meeting, Pacific Section, March 17–18, 2005 AAPG. Sun., May 1, 5 p.m. Grand Casino Biloxi, Biloxi, Mississippi • Association of Women Geoscientists (AWG) Breakfast. Sat., Information: Gail Russell, University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Geology, April 30, 7:30–9 a.m. Professional: $22; Box 5044, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-2000, (601) 266-4077, [email protected] Student: $10. • Dibblee Foundation Luncheon. Sun., SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION May 1, 11:30 a.m.–1:30 p.m. April 1–2, 2005 SPOUSE AND GUEST ACTIVITIES Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas Day Trip to Monterey Bay Aquarium. Information: Diane Smith, Trinity University, Department of Geosciences, #45, Fri., Apr. 29. Visit the award-winning aquar- One Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212-4674, (210) 999-7656, [email protected] ium and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Monterey Peninsula. Trip includes a round- trip bus ride from San José to Monterey CORDILLERAN SECTION and the entry fee to the aquarium with a (Joint meeting with American Association of Petroleum Geologists) docent present. Depart San José at 9 a.m.; April 29–May 1, 2005 return at 4:30 p.m. Begin the aquarium visit Fairmont Hotel, San José, California with a tour provided by aquarium staff and Abstract Deadline: February 1, 2005 finish on your own. Many restaurants are Information: Jonathan Miller, San José State University, Department of Geology, available at nearby Cannery Row or within 1 Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0102, (408) 924-5015, [email protected] the aquarium. Enjoy a leisurely stroll along the walkway, shop at specialty stores, or return to the aquarium to see more. Cost: NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION adult, $45; seniors (62 or older), $42; child May 19–20, 2005 (5–11), $39; 4 and under, free. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Saturday in San Francisco and Alcatraz. Abstract Deadline: February 22, 2005 Sat., Apr. 30. Visit “The Rock,” Union Information: Carrie Jennings Patterson, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Geological Survey, Square, and one of the colorful neighbor- 2642 University Ave. W., St. Paul, MN 55114-1032, (612) 627-4780, ext. 220, [email protected], hoods of San Francisco. Enjoy a leisurely or Barbara Lusardi, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Geological Survey, 2642 University Ave. W., ride to Fisherman’s Wharf, where the ferry St. Paul, MN 55114-1032, (612) 627-4780, ext. 212, [email protected] to Alcatraz departs at 10:15 a.m. The 2.5 hour tour includes the round trip ferry ride ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION on San Francisco Bay, a short film of the May 23–25, 2005 island’s history, a quarter-mile walk to the cell house, and an audio tour of the cell Mesa State College, Grand Junction, Colorado house. Board the bus upon returning from Abstract Deadline: February 22, 2005 the tour for a trip to Union Square, the Information: Rex Cole, Mesa State College, Department of Physical & Environmental Science, shopping center of San Francisco. North 1100 North Ave., Grand Junction, CO 81501-3122, (970) 248-1599, [email protected] Beach and Chinatown are easy walking or a short cable car ride away. Tea at the Westin St. Francis on Union Square is not to be missed. This trip includes the round www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/sections.htm

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 19 All Veins, Lodes, and trip bus ride from San José to San Francisco, the tour of Ledges Throughout Alcatraz, and a ride to Union Square. Depart San José at 8:45 Their Entire Depth a.m.; return at 5:15 p.m. Cost: adult, $44; seniors (62 or older), $42; junior (13–17), $40; child (3–12), $33; 2 and under, free. Geology and the Apex Law In addition to the planned activities mentioned above, San in Utah Mines José offers a variety of activities, including a science center and IMAX theatre, a haunted house, one of the few com- William T. Parry bined public/university libraries, symphony and opera in the historic and newly renovated California Theater, shopping, “From bullets to barristers, hiking, fine dining, comedy and dance clubs, and many this book is a fascinating more activities. For information on these and other activities, account of apex rights and contact Paula Jefferis, San José State University, jefferis@ the U.S. mining law. It is a geosun.sjsu.edu. technically sound summary STUDENT TRAVEL AND FIELD TRIP ASSISTANCE of mining law, history, and ore forming processes. The Cordilleran Section of GSA and the GSA Foundation This book is a must read for anyone who has have made travel grants available for students who are pre- explored the mining districts in northern Utah and senting oral or poster papers. The Cordilleran Section of GSA wondered what tales the old mines could tell.” is also providing assistance for students wanting to attend field trips. Students must be currently enrolled and must be —M. K. McCarter, University of Utah members of the Cordilleran Section to apply for support. For more information, contact the Cordilleran GSA secretary, Joan 20 photographs, 26 illustrations, 2 maps Fryxell, (909) 880-5311, [email protected]. Cloth $30.00 STUDENT AWARDS The GSA Cordilleran Section will present cash awards for Order online from www.UofUpress.com the best and honorable mention undergraduate and gradu- ate papers, both oral and poster; papers will be considered (800) 621-2736 from any theme or discipline session. To qualify for an award, The University of Utah Press the student must be first author and presenter and a student member of the Cordilleran Section. EXHIBITS Location, location, location: Exhibit booths will be available at $1000 for commercial organizations and $500 for nonprofit organizations. For more GSA’s six regional sections information or to reserve a booth, contact Larry Knauer, (661) 392-2471, [email protected]. Cordilleran: Alaska, Arizona south of lat 35°N, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, the Province of British Columbia, and the ACCOMMODATIONS Yukon and Northwest Territories. 250 rooms have been reserved at the Fairmont Hotel, San José, meeting headquarters. Special meeting rates are avail- Rocky Mountain: Arizona north of lat 35°N, Colorado, Idaho, able if reservations are made by April 4, 2005. Reservations Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, and with the Fairmont can be made through the Cordilleran the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Section GSA Web site, www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/cord/ North-Central: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, 05cdmtg.htm, or by calling the Fairmont’s global reservation Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin, the Province of Manitoba, and that portion of line at 1-800-346-5550. Callers must identify themselves as the Province of Ontario west of the 89th meridian. with the Geological Society of America. South-Central: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION To obtain the most complete and up-to-date information, Southeastern: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, visit www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/cord/05cdmtg.htm. If you North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and have additional questions or need further clarification, contact Puerto Rico. either of the convention co-chairs: Jonathan Miller, Cordilleran Northeastern: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Section GSA, [email protected], (408) 924-5015; Mel Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Erskine, Pacific Section AAPG, [email protected], (510) Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and the Provinces of New 234-6214. Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and that portion of the Province of Ontario east of the 89th meridian. Learn more about each section online at www.geosociety.org/sectdiv/.

20 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY STUDENTS—Mark Your Calendars!

Students: Plan now to attend a Shlemon Mentor Program each Shlemon Program. However, space is limited. First and/or a Mann Mentor Program in Applied Hydrogeology at come, first served. your 2005 Section Meeting to chat one-on-one with practic- ing geoscientists. These volunteers will answer your ques- And, it gets better: FREE light suppers will be served tions and share insights on how to get a job after graduation. (students only) at the Mann Mentor Programs. The Mann When programs are scheduled for multiple days, each day’s Programs are specific to careers in hydrogeology; if you’re program will offer a different set of mentors. interested in receiving an invitation to attend the Mann Program for a FREE light supper after the tech sessions FREE LUNCHES will be served (students only) at the end, contact Karlon Blythe, [email protected]. Be sure Shlemon Mentor Programs. Students will receive a FREE to indicate which Section Meeting you plan to attend. LUNCH ticket, along with their registration badge, to attend

Mentor Programs for 2005 Section Meetings

FOR LOCATIONS OF PROGRAMS, ASK AT THE GSA REGISTRATION DESK.

NORTHEASTERN SECTION MEETING CORDILLERAN SECTION MEETING Saratoga Springs, New York San José, California SHLEMON MENTOR LUNCHEON PROGRAMS: SHLEMON MENTOR LUNCHEON PROGRAMS: Mon. and Tues., March 14–15, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. Fri. and Sat., April 29–30, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. MANN MENTORS IN APPLIED MANN MENTORS IN APPLIED HYDROGEOLOGY PROGRAM: HYDROGEOLOGY PROGRAM: (by invitation; contact [email protected]) (by invitation; contact [email protected]) Mon., March 14, 5–6:30 p.m. Fri., April 29, 5–6:30 p.m.

SOUTHEASTERN SECTION MEETING NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION MEETING Biloxi, Mississippi Minneapolis, Minnesota SHLEMON MENTOR LUNCHEON PROGRAMS: SHLEMON MENTOR LUNCHEON PROGRAMS: Thurs. and Fri., March 17–18, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. Thurs. and Fri., May 19–20, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. MANN MENTORS IN APPLIED MANN MENTORS IN APPLIED HYDROGEOLOGY PROGRAM: HYDROGEOLOGY PROGRAM: (by invitation; contact [email protected]) (by invitation; contact [email protected]) Thurs., March 17, 5–6:30 p.m. Thurs., May 19, 5–6:30 p.m.

SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION MEETING ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION MEETING San Antonio, Texas Grand Junction, Colorado SHLEMON MENTOR LUNCHEON PROGRAM: SHLEMON MENTOR LUNCHEON PROGRAMS: Fri., April 1, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. Mon. and Tues., May 23–24, 11:30 a.m.–1 p.m. MANN MENTORS IN APPLIED MANN MENTORS IN APPLIED HYDROGEOLOGY PROGRAM: HYDROGEOLOGY PROGRAM: (by invitation; contact [email protected]) (by invitation; contact [email protected]) Fri., April 1, 5–6:30 p.m. Mon., May 23, 5–6:30 p.m.

For more information contact [email protected]

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 21 Technology, and Space are not con- sidered high profile committees and many of the members assigned to Making Congress Work for You these committees have little exper- tise in the broad array of scientific Michèle Koppes, 2003–2004 GSA–U.S. Geological Survey issues that come before them, yet Congressional Science Fellow they are being asked to determine the direction and funding of federal sci- ence. The same is true of the natural resource committees, which have My year on Capitol Hill has mostly The Role of the Lobbyist primary jurisdiction over the federal consisted of meetings, lots of meet- In one of the more infamous agencies dealing with earth sciences, ings. I’ve met with constituents moments in Michael Moore’s film, and which deal with much of the eager to get members of Congress Fahrenheit 9/11, Congressman John legislation that utilize the earth sci- to cosponsor legislation or address Conyers is asked how Congress could ences in decision-making. Most of the new issues at the national level, with vote and pass the USA Patriot Act current internal scientific expertise on fellow staffers trying to move bills without reading the bill first, to which the Hill comes from the 33 congres- or plan for hearings, with agency he responds “Sit down my son. We sional science fellows supported by personnel sent to the Hill to laud [members] don’t actually read most of GSA, AGI, AGU, and others, as well their programs and request appro- the bills we vote on.” Though he was as detailees from the federal scientific priations, and with scientific and attempting to be facetious, the comment agencies and former fellows who policy experts brought to the Hill to is not so far-fetched in reality. Quite chose to remain in Congress follow- brief legislative staff on the state of often legislation does not become avail- ing their fellowship year (about 3 to knowledge of hot issues. Although able for members to read until within 24 4 per class). Dispersed through the these meetings bring new meaning hours of a vote. Appropriation bills in Senate and House, they need your to the bumper sticker “Meetings: particular are affected as the appropria- help in keeping track of the latest the practical alternative to work,” tions committees continue the horse- issues and breakthroughs in the sci- they provide a proactive approach trading of funding levels for federal pro- ences, in educating the members on to bringing issues to the forefront grams until the very last minute. When issues, and in working on legislation that elevates these issues above the the legislation does become available, in support of upcoming programs in steady stream of information that congressional staff sift through the often the earth sciences. flows into congressional offices. lengthy legislation. A heads-up from the Constituents need to be reminded of citizen lobbyist is critical as their input Timing, Timing, Timing the importance of meeting with their can often provide the deciding factor In the legislative process, timing Congress members; i.e., of lobbying. toward a Representative’s vote. is everything. By keeping abreast of legislative issues coming to the House The “L” Word The Citizen Scientist or Senate floor or to committees in The term “lobbyist” was coined Congress needs your expertise. Congress, you can prepare a quickly in the early 1800s, when members Representatives are rarely elected based timed letter, call, or even better, visit of Congress traveled twice a year on their understanding of the sciences, your representative while the legisla- from their home states to the nation’s yet science is often an important factor tion is being discussed and drafted, Capitol and would often stay at the in policy decisions. While policymakers which will help to bring scientific Hotel Washington, across the street have been singing the praises of “sound expertise to the debate. If you are from the White House. With their science” in decision-making of late, the interested in an issue that is not cur- time on the Hill being so short, ten- electorate is often unfamiliar with both rently up for debate in the commit- ant farmers and others who wished the sciences and the scientific process tees or on the floor, a quick check to to discuss their issues would come in general. For example, only two mem- see if there are bills introduced that to the hotel lobby and hang around bers of Congress hold doctorates in the you could get your representative to until they could corner their repre- sciences, both in physics: Rep. Vern cosponsor (or to schedule for a hear- sentatives and discuss their particu- Ehlers of Michigan (chair of the House ing if you happen to be talking to lar issue. Not much has changed, Science Committee, Subcommittee committee members) will help make although now the “tenant farmers” on Environment, Technology and your topic relevant. Current legisla- do the cornering and talking in the Standards), and Rep. Rush Holt of tion, as well as legislation introduced members’ offices, and some can now New Jersey (leader of the congres- in prior Congresses, can easily be afford to pay others to come and do sional Science Coalition and former accessed at www.congress.gov. If the talking for them. The importance Congressional Science Fellow). Sadly, you are interested in seeing specific for citizens to discuss and emphasize the House Science Committee and federal programs or agencies funded, issues is just as great as it was then. the Senate Subcommittee on Science, the time to talk to your representa-

22 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY tives should be in January to March, meeting in two or three sentences and tactic will also help put pressure on as appropriations requests are deliv- set up a meeting in Washington, D.C., one chamber or committee if the leg- ered by each member to the appro- or in the district office. Most meetings islation has passed on the floor of the priations committee in April. These last 10–15 minutes; if you can con- other chamber and is hung up due requests should be followed up in the vince the LA that your issue is impor- to tight legislative timelines or due late spring to early summer when the tant enough, he or she may extend the to the personal political agendas of appropriations committees are meeting meeting to 30 minutes or arrange for a specific committee chairs. This is very to consider all the requests. stop-by visit with the Congress mem- important when requesting appropria- Zen and the Art of the ber. When meeting with or making a tions, for there is strength in having Congressional Office phone call to the member or LA, be matching requests in the House and Understandably, most lobbyists com- succinct. Explain both the issue and Senate appropriations bills as they go ing to Capitol Hill wish to speak with what you would like to see the mem- into conference. There is also support their elected official directly. Given ber do, whether it is to write a letter in numbers if several members are the demand on a Congress member’s to an agency head, draft legislation, requesting the funding, particularly if schedule, this is not always possible. or request an appropriation. The best some members of your state delega- Talking to the congressional staff is means to get the ball rolling is to bring tion happen to sit on the right appro- therefore as important as talking to one to two pages of talking points as priations committee. the members themselves, and often well as any supporting documentation But Why Make the Effort? more constructive, for the staff act as to any meeting (it is rare that the sup- Too often I have heard geologists the information and issue filters for the porting documentation will get read express distaste at the political pro- members and will do the drafting of in its entirety, if at all). Subsequent to cess, preferring to leave policymaking letters and legislation on behalf of the the meeting, follow up with a draft of to the policymakers and to go about member. Most citizen lobbyists who the letter or bill you spoke about as a their own business of concentrating request a meeting or write or call their reminder to the staff of your meeting on the bigger picture of Earth, the lon- representatives will end up talking to and to help move your issue forward. ger timeframe of the geologic record. a legislative assistant (LA) or legislative Of prime importance in whether Why meddle in policy? We often for- counsel (an LA in possession of a law your issue will get any face time is if get the role the federal government degree). There are typically four to the issue is germane to the members’ plays in the support of the sciences, five LAs in each congressional office, constituency, district, state, or commit- through funding grants, programs, both in the House and Senate. These tee jurisdiction. Many issues are priori- academic institutions, and agencies LAs run the gamut from recent college tized in terms of how they affect the such as the U.S. Geological Survey graduates to seasoned lawyers with 20 member’s constituency or state, and and the National Science Foundation. years experience on the Hill. Between members have little interest in devot- The topics being discussed in the last the four or five LAs in each office, ing significant effort to address issues presidential election cycle, including they tackle every issue under the sun affecting citizens in another state, the influence of politics on scientific that may come up in Congress, and, unless the issue at hand has repercus- panels and on the advancement of understandably, may not have much sions for their own state or comes scientific endeavors such as stem cell chance to delve into issues of the earth under the purview of their assigned research, highlight the importance of sciences or of science in general. They congressional committee. If you are making sure science is understood have become accustomed to a tidal not a constituent of the district of the and used to benefit society at large. wave of information thrown at them member to whom you wish to speak Going straight to the policymakers is on a daily basis. In order to make your (e.g., you are interested in funding one small step to ensuring the future info stick, and hence have your issue for the Earth Resources Observation of our collective profession. addressed, specific communication tac- Systems Data Center, but are not from This manuscript is submitted for publica- tics are required. South Dakota), consider speaking tion by Michèle Koppes, 2003–2004 GSA–U.S. with your professional societies and Geological Survey Congressional Science Contacting Congress contacting other society members Fellow, with the understanding that the U.S. The first step is to contact the rel- within the district or state who would government is authorized to reproduce and evant LA. The legislative staff and be willing to contact the appropriate distribute reprints for governmental use. The one-year fellowship is supported by GSA and the specific issues each staff member Congress member with you. covers are often listed on a member’s by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department If you would like to see a piece of of the Interior, under Assistance Award No. Web site, or on committee Web sites, legislation moved forward, make an 02HQGR0141. The views and conclusions available at www.house.gov. If you effort to contact your representatives contained in this document are those of the are unable to reach the LA or if the in both the House and Senate. The author and should not be interpreted as information is not available, contact legislative process is not known for its necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. gov- the member’s scheduler (a.k.a. execu- expediency, and the process moves ernment. Koppes can be reached at michele. tive assistant). When contacting the fastest if legislation is introduced in [email protected]. office, give a background for the both chambers at the same time. This

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 23 Upcoming Deadlines

Committee Service GSA Fellows Nominations Due January 15, 2005 Nominations Due January 15, 2005 Candidates are needed for service on the following GSA The Committee on Membership requests nominations of mem- committees (service begins July 2005 unless otherwise noted): bers to be elevated to GSA Fellow status. Any GSA Fellow may Annual Program; Arthur L. Day Medal Award; Education; nominate up to two members per election cycle for this honor. Geology and Public Policy; Honorary Fellows; Membership; Two other supporting signatures are needed, along with a letter Minorities and Women in the Geosciences; Nominations; stating the member’s qualifications to be evaluated on the basis Penrose Conferences and Field Forums; Penrose Medal Award; of eight established criteria. For updated information, a list of the Professional Development; Publications; Public Service Award; criteria, and a new nomination form, please see www.geosociety. Research Grants; Young Scientist Award; and Joint Technical org/members/fellow.htm or contact Diane Lorenz, (303) 357-1028, Program (service begins Jan. 1, 2006). Candidates are also needed [email protected]. for GSA representatives to the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (service begins Nov. 1, 2005); the AAPG Publication Pipeline Committee; the AGI Environmental 2005 Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science Award Geoscience Advisory Committee (service begins Jan. 1, 2006), and (Sponsored by Subaru of America, Inc.) the AAAS Consortium of Affiliates for International Programs. Nominations Due February 1, 2005 For complete information on committee service, current This award is given to a woman who has made a major impact vacancies, and required qualifications, see the October 2004 issue on the field of the geosciences, based on her Ph.D. research. of GSA Today. Nomination form and instructions are available at For nomination, eligibility, and award details, see the October www.geosociety.org/aboutus/commtees/. 2004 issue of GSA Today, visit www.geosociety.org, or call (303) 357-1028. Send nominations and supporting material to Grants, Awards, and Recognition, GSA, 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Officers and Councilors Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Nominations Due August 1, 2005 The GSA Committee on Nominations requests nominations for officers (vice president and treasurer) and councilors to serve on John C. Frye Environmental Geology Award the GSA Council beginning in 2006. Each nomination should be Nominations Due March 31, 2005 accompanied by basic data and a description of the qualifications In cooperation with the Association of American State of the individual for the position recommended. Geologists, GSA makes an annual award for the best paper on The online nomination form is available at www.geosociety.org/ environmental geology published either by GSA or by one of the aboutus/commtees/, or you may send materials for committee, state geological surveys. This fund managed by GSA Foundation. officer, and councilor nominations to Ruth Harrison, GSA, P.O. For details, see the October 2004 issue of GSA Today, visit www. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, (303) 357-1000, ext. 0, 1-800- geosociety.org, or call (303) 357-1028. Nominations must be sent 472-1988, ext. 0, [email protected]. to Grants, Awards, and Recognition, GSA, 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140.

Medals and Awards Nominations Due February 1, 2005 Student Research Grants Nominations of candidates are requested for the following med- Online submission must be completed by midnight als and awards: Penrose Medal, Day Medal, Honorary Fellows, (MST), February 1, 2005. Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal), GSA Public Service Award, The GSA student research grant application process is now and Distinguished Service Award. For details on the awards and available only online. Although the current forms have not nomination procedures, see the October 2004 issue of GSA Today, changed significantly, the process for submitting applications go to www.geosociety.org, or call (303) 357-1028. Materials and and appraisal letters is accessible only online through GSA’s supporting information for any of the nominations may be sent to password-protected Web site. No paper applications or let- Grants, Awards, and Recognition, GSA, 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. ters will be accepted. For information on the 2005 Research Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Grant Program for Students, see the October 2004 issue of GSA Today, visit www.geosociety.org, call (303) 357-1028, or e-mail [email protected]. National Awards Nominations Due April 30, 2005 Candidate nominations are needed for the following national Congressional Science Fellowship awards: William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Science, Applications Due January 21, 2005 Vannevar Bush Award, and Alan T. Waterman Award. For details, For application information for the 2005–2006 GSA–U.S. see the October 2004 issue of GSA Today. Nominations should be Geological Survey Congressional Science Fellowship, visit www. sent to Grants, Awards, and Recognition, GSA, 3300 Penrose Place, geosociety.org/science/csf/, or contact Ginger Williams, GSA P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Headquarters, (303) 357-1040, [email protected].

24 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY Call for Nominations: GSA Division Awards

Funds for the following GSA Division awards are administered through the GSA Foundation. Don J. Easterbrook Distinguished Scientist Award—Quaternary Any scientist from any country may be nominated for the award. Geology and Geomorphology Division Because the award recognizes research excellence, self-nomination The Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division of is not permitted. Neither nominators nor nominees need be mem- GSA seeks nominations for the Don J. Easterbrook Distinguished bers of GSA. Nominations must be accompanied by a statement Scientist Award. This award will be given to an individual who has of the significance of the nominee’s research, a curriculum vitae, shown unusual excellence in published research, as demonstrated letters of support, and documentation of published research results by a single paper of exceptional merit or a series of papers that that have significantly advanced the knowledge of the Quaternary have substantially increased knowledge in Quaternary geology or Geology and Geomorphology of warm desert environments. geomorphology. No particular time limitations apply to the recog- Send nominations by April 1, 2005, to Alan R. Gillespie, nized research. The recognition is normally extended to an individ- Quaternary Reseach Center, P.O. Box 351310, University ual, but in the event of particularly significant research, two people of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1360, USA, alan@rad. may share the award. Monies for the award are derived from annual ess.washington.edu. interest income from the Don J. Easterbrook Fund, administered by the GSA Foundation. Laurence L. Sloss Award for Sedimentary Geology The Sedimentary Geology Division of GSA solicits nominations Although recognition of extraordinary prior research excellence for the 2005 Laurence L. Sloss Award for Sedimentary Geology. This is the principle goal of this award, it carries with it an opportunity award is given annually to a sedimentary geologist whose lifetime for funding additional research. The Easterbrook Distinguished achievements best exemplify those of Larry Sloss—i.e., achieve- Scientist is eligible to draw funds for research from the GSA ments that contribute widely to the field of sedimentary geology Easterbrook Fund in an amount to be determined by availability of and service to GSA. Monies for the award are derived from annual funds. This opportunity for funding additional research by the win- interest income from the Laurence L. Sloss Award for Sedimentary ner is a secondary consideration of this award. Geology fund, administered by the GSA Foundation. Members of the Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Nominations should include a cover letter describing the Division Award Panel will evaluate nominations for the Easterbrook nominee’s accomplishments in sedimentary geology, contribu- Award. Because the award primarily recognizes research excel- tions to GSA, and curriculum vitae. The management board of the lence, self-nomination is not allowed. Nominees need not be Sedimentary Geology Division will choose the recipient from the members of the division. Nominations are not automatically car- two nominees forwarded from the nominations committee, and the ried forward to subsequent years, but the same individuals may be award will be presented at the GSA Annual Meeting in Salt Lake renominated. City in October 2005. Nominations must be accompanied by supporting documenta- Send nominations electronically by Feb. 20, 2005, to Paul Link, tion, including a statement of the significance of the nominee’s secretary, Sedimentary Geology Division, [email protected]. research, curriculum vitae, letters of support, and any other docu- ments deemed appropriate by the nominating committee. Send Gilbert H. Cady Award—Coal Geology Division nominations by April 1, 2005, to John E. Costa, U.S. Geological The Coal Geology Division of GSA seeks nominations for the Survey, 10615 S.E. Cherry Blossom Dr., Potland, OR 97216-3103, 2005 Gilbert H. Cady Award, made for outstanding contributions in USA, [email protected]. the field of coal geology. The first award, established by the divi- sion in honor of Gilbert H. Cady, was presented in 1973. Monies for Farouk El-Baz Award for Desert Research—Quaternary the award are derived from annual interest income from the Gilbert Geology and Geomorphology Division H. Cady Memorial Fund, administered by the GSA Foundation. The The GSA Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Division award will be made for contributions considered to advance the seeks nominations for the Farouk El-Baz Award for Desert field of coal geology within and outside North America and will Research. This award rewards excellence in research in desert be presented at the Coal Geology Division Business Meeting at the geomorphology worldwide and is intended to stimulate research in GSA Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City in October 2005. desert environments by recognizing an individual whose research has significantly advanced the understanding of the Quaternary Nominations will be evaluated by the Gilbert H. Cady Award geology and geomorphology of warm deserts. Although the award Panel and should include the name, office or title, and affiliation primarily recognizes achievement in desert research, the funds that of the nominee; date and place of birth; education, degree(s), and accompany it ($10,000 anticipated for 2005) may be used for further honors and awards; major events in his or her professional career; research. The award is normally given to one person but may be and a brief bibliography noting outstanding achievements and shared by two people if the recognized research was the result of a accomplishments that warrant nomination. coequal partnership. Monies for the award are derived from annual Send three copies of the nomination by February 28, 2005, to interest income from the Farouk El-Baz Fund, administered by the R. Marc Bustin, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC GSA Foundation. V6T1Z4, Canada, [email protected].

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 25 New Members: Kazuhisa Goto Eric D. Kruger Kim P. Granzow Frederick G. Kruger GSA Welcomes You! Deanna Greco John R. Larson The following individuals joined GSA during Douglas S. Greer Edward J. Layton the period of February 2004 through August Steve G. Gridley Stephanie M. Leicester 2004. They were elected into membership by Jason J. Gurdak Varsha Levi Council at its November 2004 meeting. John Christopher Haley Chee Kneong Lim Laura Lei Hallberg Henry Lin SCIENCE • STEWARDSHIP • SERVICE Heather D. Hanna Richard Lis William H. Hanson Ronald J. Litwin GSA Fellow William Chamberlin Tom Harding Joseph L. Lockett Julia A. Jackson Beverly Chenausky Michael J. Harris Antonette Logar Augustin F. Chicarro David J. Hart Russanne Low GSA Members Susan Childers Michalann Harthill Thomas S. Lowry Masud Ahmed Tait Chirenje Leo Hathaway Gary A. Lund Omar Salim Al-Ja’aidi Robert W. Christopherson David E. Hawthorn Richard Lupia Isam Amin Charles S. Churcher Daniel R. Hayes Jean Lynch-Stieglitz John A. Andrew Geoffrey Alden Clayton Adam Seth Heffernan Ian R. MacDonald Brian Andrews Gary D. Clow Jean Hemzacek Laukant Vera Markgraf Richard P. Archdeacon Robert Cluff C. Brian Hennessey Craig P. Marshall Adam Armour Daniel E. Colling F. Vincent Hernly Rudy V. Matalucci Eliana Avella Wendy Copeland Jeffrey B. Hill Murray McClaren Ebenezer O.A. Babatope Alan K. Craig Frank Hole K. Maggie McColl James F. Baichtal Matthew Curren Kelly Holladay Karen M. McCurdy Kristin M. Bailey Wendy S. Curtis Lars E. Holmer Edward R. McDuffie Robert V. Bailey Stephen Daly Benjamin P. Horton Forrest S. McFarland III Gry Hoffmann Barfod Scott Darst Jackie House Joseph B. McHugh Hazel Barton Rupali Datta John Houston Glen Evan McIlwain Matthew E. Basch Brian M. Davis Douglas B. Howard Robert McIntyre Alan R. Batcheller Robert V. Demicco Martha S. Hughes Charles M. McKenzie Persaram O. Batra Kristin O. Dennen Thomas F. Hughes Brendan J. Meade Travis Bauer Ernesto A. Diaz Youngsook Huh Richard H. Meadow Olivier Bethoux Paul R. Dinkmeyer Margaret Imhof Summer R. Miles Richard J. Bichsel Patrick Diver Akira Ishikawa Keith E. Millard Eric Bivens John C. Dolson Wayne M. Itano Jeffrey L. Mills Cory W. Black Eagle Rhonda Driscoll Jessica Jager James Molholm Margaret E. Blanchard Lance Erickson Sandra Jewett Jonathan R. Moll Leslie F. Bleamaster Robert C. Ervin Quintin Johnson Gretchen E. Moore Geoffrey C. Bohling Sage K. Evans Elizabeth G. Jones Rory N. Mortimore Costanza Bonadonna Phillip D. Everhart Jamie P. Jones Gene L. Murray Revital Bookman Kim McChesney Farrah Grant D. Kaye Beesabathuni S. Murthy Matthew Boyd Bernhard E. Felber John W. Keller Raoul J. Mutter Jon W. Branstrator Richard S. Ferenbach Eloise Kendy Guy M. Narbonne Roy Breckenridge Julia L. Fields Kirsten C. Kennedy JoAnne Nelson Adam Bren Doug R. Fils Jeffrey T. Kiehl Peter Kwok-Hei Ng James Arnold Brey David Fink Rodney M. Kilgore Clayton R. Nichols Henry O. Briceno Thomas R. Fisher Patrick Kinnicutt Matthew Nowell John Bridge Richard Fluegeman James W. Kirchner Keri Ayn Nutter Dennis Brinkley Matthew W. Frailey Karin B. Kirk Richard J. O’Hearn Emily Brodsky Howard Frost Kevin Kitchin Celia T. Onishi Craig Buchan Emmanuel J. Gabet Thomas R. Klopf Richard M. Ortiz Connie B. Burkhart Glen E. Gardner Jr. Kimbell L. Knight Colin Osborne Ravidya N. Burrowes David Genereux Gary A. Kocurek Aaron S. Otteman Gary Butler Serge Genest Lanna K. Kopachena James B. Palmer Antonio Z. Camargo Tom J. Gignoux Scott F. Korom Elizabeth M. Pangerl Dante Canil Linda Godfrey Michael Kowalsky Peter G. Pearson Mary E. Caress Lisa Goggin Shannon M. Krasel Vital Pearson William Carroll Michael N. Gooseff Peter Krembs Roy S. Pescador Jr.

26 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY Jonathan P. Peterson Russell A. Waring Kendra R. Clark Stephen P. Phipps Karen G. Wayland GSA Student Members Soren Clark Elisabetta Pierazzo Heather Weir Mark J. Abruzzese Christopher J. Coelho Anne Rebecca Poole Lianxing Wen Kay L. Achenbach Xenia V. Conquy Wayne Powell Richard S. White Jr. Luqman A. Adams Avery L. Cook Susan G. Price Allen Whitt Sumanjit Aich Jack L. Cornelius Robert E. Puckett James M. Wilkinson Jeremy Alexander Lisa A. Costanzo William L. Rader Jason Williams Ethan Edward Allen Roy Coulthard Dharma Rao Scott K. Williams Kevin J. Anchukaitis Keith Crooker Keith B. Rapp Mike Wireman Jose L. Antinao Mike A. Davis Donald S. Reimer Nam C. Woo Pamela S. Antrim Debjani Deb William A. Reiners James C Woods Lior Asaf Linnae N. DeCamp Audrey D. Reznik-Jose Steven Yabusaki Karolanne K. Asmus Catherine L. Denoncourt James W. Rice Ezra Yacob Janelle Augenstern Dana C. Derickson Gigi Richard Ming Ye Jason C. Austin Tracy H. Derrenbacher Hugh J. Rieck Lisa L. Zaffran Kristen B. Averyt Kristin Dietrich Michael F. Robbins Matthew Bachmann Vincent J. DiFrenna Vincent P. Robino GSA K–12 Teacher Dane G. Bailey Ben Dockrill Eryn Robinson Members John A. Ballantine Chandra A. Dreher Gilpin R. Robinson Jr. Jason B. Barr Uwe Balthasar Ian Michael Dubinski Cesare Roda Rodney Baumbach Kathryn E. Barba Tasha L. Dunn Larry Rollins Andrea Billi Elspeth M. Barnes Michael C. Durham Peter D. Roopnarine Joan Carter Theresa L. Bartlett Sarah Dutson Lawrence Q. Ross Jill E. Eastlick Neil K. Basu Matthew J. Dvorak Stephanie D. Ross Tomaso Favale Tovah Bayer Sherif M. Elnagdy Stacy Marie Saari Sam I. Fuerst Jessica Bazeley Shelly Ericksen Manas R. Sahoo J.E. Glinert Deborah J. Belden John Matthew Fabijanic Daniel H. Sandweiss Ken Graupmann Matthew L. Belobraydic Moazam Farooqi Isabelle Yasmina Sarikhan Omer Feyzi Gurer Abelardo D. Beloso Jr. Matt Faust Frederick S. Saville Rose A. Hansen Melanie L. Bergolc Weimin Feng Belal A. Sayeed Sky Harris Nicholas Beyrle Erin M. Fernald Kevin L. Schroeder Christine A. Henry Kathakali Bhattacharyya Woodward W. Fischer Bruce A. Schumacher Margaret S. Henry Dana M. Biasatti Laura J. Fischer-Guex Bonnie Sevigny Carol A. Hix Broxton W. Bird Pete Flaig Saurabh Sharma Valerie A. Klaus Gregory V. Bishop James Foley Dean T. Sharpe James J. Kostenko Amy Bloom Jeffry L. Foster Steven D. Sheriff Barbara Macrae Naomi L. Boness Ellery Frahm Alicia Watson Siegrist Edward K. Mallon Sandip Bordoloi Gwen R. Frost Ravi Singh Nancy A. Morin Julie A. Bowles Bradley D. Garner Geoffrey B. Slater Leslie Nagy Anna B. Breuninger Ewenet M. Gashawbeza Michael W. Smith Andria Skaff Niles Bettina Brinkley Amy Gelinas Jianli Song Cheryl M. Olson Steve J. Brodet Patrick R. Getty Thomas E. Sparley Julia K. Perry Jason L. Bronikowski Stacey Gibb Nancy R. Stamm Gary Purinton Brendan V. Brown Timothy D. Gibbons Richard M. Staron Amanda Rogers Lucy E. Brown William P. Gilhooly David L. Steensen Federico Rossetti Jeannie Raye Bryson Anna M. Gilmore Tom Stewart Erin M. Schneider Susan E. Buckingham Jaime Goode Michael W. Sullivan Gary Shelton Christopher Call David L. Gorney Azam Malaki Tabrizi Shelley F. Snyder Caitlin N. Callahan Srinivasa Rajesh Goteti John Tauxe Shelley Steva Thomas J. Campbell Julia M. Graham Tuncay Taymaz Judith Stoltz Michelle M. Casey Jana Gray William A. Tedesco Randolph Storms Aaron Celestian Rebecca E. Guthrie Todd C. Tubbert Linda Tarantino Bradley Cey Ali K. Hamade Vivi Vajda Thomas D. Thompson Matthew Chalaturnyk Delbert D. Hamilton IV Philip Van Beynen Margaret M. Tower Weifeng Chen Sarah E. Hamilton Philippe Vidon Christopher Walsh Ching Ying Chou Todd A. Haney Enrique R. Vivoni Anne-Mette Christensen Joseph Heath Harwood James H. Wandersee Anna Cipriani Jonathan A. Heim

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 27 Thomas Hatcher Henderson Lin Ma Marissa Raglin Dustin Trail Amanda L. Hills Jason MacKenzie Michelle L. Reed-Harris Kimberly E. Truitt Tero M. Hokkanen Krishna Mahabir Larry Reese Sarah L. Tsoflias Elizabeth R. Hollingsworth Tibisay Marin Jonathan Reeve Johann Tuduri Denise K. Honn Melissa D. Masbruch Hafiz Ur Rehman Justin E. Tully Joan M. Horn Kathryn A. Matthews Francis K. Rengers Jennifer Van Pelt Jennifer N. Hoyt Rhiannon G. Mayne Byrdie Renik Jann Vendetti Zhenzhen Huang John F. McEvoy John Paul Ricardo Zbynek Veselovsky Nicolas J. Huerta Nicola McLoughlin Kate Richards Jon A. Vopata Tracy L. Hulsey Bradley Melton Justin R. Richardson Michael Vorkink Jefferson D.G. Hungerford Valbone Memeti Suzanna L. Richter Erik J. Waiss Julie Hunt Jennifer Mendonca Jenny Riker Kate Walrad Jennifer M. Huxley Brendan Merk Jeffrey R. Rosaler Weihong Wang Natasha L. Jeansonne Heather R. Miller Marc Russell Meghan E. Ward Shannon M. Johns Michael D. Miner Luke C. Sabala Ank Webbers Julia G. Johnston Vikki W. Mixon Teresa Sabato Ceraldi Jon N. Weston-Friedrichs Jason M. Jomp Sergi Molins Zeynep J. Saglam Eugene K. Whitehead Heather L. Jones Al-Amin M. Momudu Edward L. Salmon Thomas Edward Whittaker Susan E. Joy Jake Mongrain Robert E. Sanders Jennifer Whittington Keri Judice Joel Moore Victoria Sansom William T. Wilcox Julia A. Kahmann Stefan G. Mueller Timothy H. Sautter Jean-Pierre Williams Irakli Kakabadze Thomas Mueller Thomas Schickel Kenneth H. Williams Emily B. Kamara Sumit K. Mukherjee Bryan Schwartz Randi L Williams Talia S. Karim Andreas Mulch Amanda Seigle Rebecca A. Winans Amanda Keen-Zebert Valeriu Murgulet Jennifer Sembach Lawrence Winter Natalie M. Kehrwald Will F. Myers Anthony Sharp Nadine Wittig Kristin Kelley Rachana Nagar Scotty R. Sharp Lingling Wu Neil P. Kelley Nancy H. Neble Bing Shen Yuxin Wu Cem Kincal Ndubuisi A. Nebo Kathryn Sheps Marcus S. Wunderle Erin King Thomas G. Neely Owen A. Sherwood Beizhan Yan Matthias Klinkmueller Teri Ann Nehls Amelia E. Shevenell Lois E. Yoksoulian Douglas Kreiner Daren T. Nelson Alyssa E. Shiel Carl Young Pankaj Kulshrestha Alison L. Nguyen Juan Carlos T. Silva Li-Fan Yue Junichiro Kuroda Eric Nielsen Eric P. Simmen Sergio Yussim Daniel Kurtzman Jeff J. Ninnemann Kent Simpson Kelly M. Zimmerman Man Jae Kwon Prosper M. Nude Meris Sims Paula E. Zimmerman Sandee C. La Boda William L. Oakley III Nagendra Singh Marilyn Zorn Heather F. Lacey George Morara Ogendi Jr. Bruce A. Skubon Jeff W. Lambert Anastasiya A. Ojeda Tarek Slama GSA Student Associates Robin R. Lancaster Albert S. Oko Sheila Smith Katherine C. Ackerly Angela Landgraf Edy K. Ortiz Heather A. Sparks Jessica F. Adamic Aaron C. Laubhan Esra Bucru Ozdemir Donald W. Stahr Kendall E. Adams Eli Lazarus Denise D. Palmer Tara N. Stanton-Cooper Matthew Thomas Ake Gabriel Legorreta Paulin Peter R. Parham Alex Steely Kathryn Alexander Sarah A. Leibson Hyunmee Park Aurelian Ion Stefan Riyad A. Ali-Adeeb William Lenarz Margaret E. Pataki Nathan Stevens John Edward Allen York W. Lewis Marsha M. Patelke Mary Beth Stoddard Seth Ames Li Li Jeffrey E. Patterson Liane T. Storer Jennifer E. Anne Yujia Li Aaron A. Payne James L. Strasen David Auerbach Zachery M. Lifton Jesus A. Pinto Dongmin Sun Eric E. Baar David D. Light Jason S. Polk Tammy L. Surko Lakesha Tashicka Barton Kimberly Lindsay Freda N. Ponce Greg M. Swain Matthew W. Bauer Jie Liu Rebecca Port Chao-Lung Tang Eric Beiser Garth T. Llewellyn Daniel J. Powell Cenk Temizel Angie L. Bell Karen M. Locke Matthew Powell T. Tobgay Layne N. Bennett Holly Lopez Gerald H. Pratt Jr. Kevin Toepke Martin T. Berryman Kelsey M. Lowe Adrienne Price Olli Akseli Torppa Tristan C. Birkemeier L. Lukes Aimee E. Pusz Louise A. Totten Elizabeth Blackie

28 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY Jessica Bohlmann Pascha B. Enzi Mario Jo-Ramirez Andrew M. Nase Susan E. Bolyard Miguelangel A. Espinoza Meaghan Julian Stephanie Hope Nebel David J. Bookbinder Larry P. Evenson James R. Kane Marianne N. Nelson Kristen A. Borseth Edward Wayne Farinsky Andrew Kay Michele Nelson Amy M. Boulch Chris L. Faulkner Theresa M. Kayzar Erin N. Nevens Nicole A.N. Bradley Elizabeth Jean Fay Amy M. Kelley Mark J. Nolte Jordan M. Bremer Sarah Helen Fein Michael J. Kenney Lewis Norton Tracy Brockman Sean Fell Ben A. Kilhams Patricia L. Ogilvie Erin N. Brown Thomas A. Fincher Jacob E. Knight Luke Daniel Olsen Nathaniel J. Busch Madeleine N. Flandreau Andrew J. Kohlbecker Carin M. Olson Brion N. Byers Dorean Flores Marynia A. Kolak Camille A. Partin Vicki Campbell Julie Floyd Marian E. Kramer Arianna L. Perkins Kelly Carroll Kimberly R. Fowler Michael P. Kreate Poonraj Persaud Christy A. Carter Dean Frohling Thad C. Krueger Chloe Peterson Jonathon Tyler Carter Albert Fulton Deborah E. Kull Benjamin Petrick Rabiyah Carter Tracy E. Furman Ozge Kuruoglu Adam L. Pierce Nicholas R. Castle Plamen Ganev Julia Labadie Mika Pirttivaara Glen Cavi Amie E. Garcia Meghan Lamoreaux Elise Kathryn Pope-Obeda Thakur Chaturgan Leslie J. Garringer Daniel Latini Rick A. Potter Joseph V. Chermansky Stuart T. Geiger Kurt K. Lavia Nicholas T. Prodoehl Wendy Clark Christine B. Giuliani Matt Lawhon Eric M. Purcell Thomas R. Collins IV Leah Glass Kimberly A. Lay Tracy A. Purdum Aimee E. Cook Erin Gleeson Daniel Lazzareschi June Queen Kimberly A. Cooke Paul D. Godfriaux Selwyn Le-Bourne Jr. Megan Raby Christine Clark Cope Joseph R. Goodin Amanda R. Leonard Mark Radomski Brian Cowan Emily E. Goodman Kean Mae Lewis Christina L. Rhoads Susannah B. Cowden James Gorny Feng Chan Liang Jeffrey Paul Rinehimer William Scott Cragun Leslie P. Gosejohan Sara Lincoln Aixa Rivera-Rios Patrick Crile Kevin Gostomski Caitlin Kibbe Lippincott Lee Roberts Katherine L. Crispin Nicole K. Gotberg Dane T. Lokey Kimberly A. Robinson James D. D’Addio II Brent W. Greenhalgh Marti F. Lopez-Gonzales Nicole Robinson Hugh Daigle Nathan D. Gruman David Loveday Bradley Romine Laura C. Dair Eduardo F. Guerrero Scott Lowe Gregory J. Rosenzweig Monette S. Dalal James R. Gutoski Nicole G. Lunning Rob Ross Kory M. Dawson Daniel J. Halloran Jeremy M. Lynn Jaime E. Rountree Jason L. De Cristofaro Corinne A. Hartin Ginger K. Macali Ruth Ryan Thomas S. Deen Emily E. Hartwick Justin D. MacDonald Rebecca Ann Salinas Jennifer E. Deming Mary C. Harvey Katherine J. Marciniak Laura E. Sanchez Younis Desai Shannon M. Heinle Matthew Marosek Jonathan R. Sarich Theresa Detrie Monica B. Heintz Bryan Martin Matthew F. Sauers Christina M. Dicus Kristin Hellem Jonathan Paul Martin Erin E. Saupe Scott A. Dodson Rebecca Henderson Nora Matell Chris Sayre Erin E. Doerr Elizabeth A. Henion Matthew A. McBride Steffen Schneider Glenn M. Donohue Kelby E. Hicks Jane McCamant Samuel Schon Bradley A. Douglas James Hodge David M. McDermott Stephen R. Scott Sarah E. Dunham Sandra Michelle Hoffman Arlo McKee Ruth Rae Shidler Matthew J. Durham Guy H. Hooton Sarah J. McKeown Kazeem Akorede Shitta Jane Duxbury Garth P. Hoxsie-Quinn Wayne P. McMacken Emily Short Rachel A. Dvoretsky Shuyin Huang Megan L. McMeans Steven Skinner Christopher N. Dwyer Martha E. Hudson Jason B. Meadows Stanley P. Skotnicki Kellie Eaker Diana M. Huggins Stephen F. Meigs Christopher S. Slater Jennifer Earles Amanda N. Hughes Maritza Mejias Andrew P. Smith Lucy A. Eckert Heather Hughes Ian S. Merkel Katrina G. Smith Jeffrey C. Edelen Angela Lynn Hull James Metzger Wendy F. Smythe Daniel A. Eisenberg Benjamin C. Hunt Matthew Stephen Moore Dax C. Soule Gita A. Elliott Steven J. Husted John T. Murray Justin A. Spielmann Robert Alan Ellis Travis R. Jester Caroline Myer Joshua C. Spinler Peter A. Enderlin Blake Jones Steven L. Myers Traci Spurlin

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 29 Sharon A. Stant Melanie B. Tymes Jonathan Francis Witcoski David Hochrein Marcy Ann Stonecipher John Van Regenmorter Caleb Woolever Edward C. Jordan Kimberly Streeter Afton Van Zandt Kathleen M. Wooton Charles E. Leche Nancy C. Sugg Kenneth R. Vangiesen Brian Wrightsman Chris Lobdell Julie M. Suleski Elizabeth S. Vaughn Jill T. Wussow Cheryl Longinotti Troy Summers Lydia J. Walker Maureen L. Yonovitz Michelle Matney Karl R. Swanson Leslie E. Wallace Caitlan M. Zlatos Jennifer Mattes-Garrison Nicholas l. Swanson-Hysell Kevin Walsh Luke Zoet Jeffrey Menten Emily J. Swor Melony L. Walsh Christopher Zollinger Saqib Mirza Frederick Tagamolila Mary E. Walton Mark Oliver Michael Takaichi Kristen Ward GSA Affiliate Members William W. Russell Janice H.N. Taylor James M. Watkins John F. Akerley Leonard Rybakov Lida T. Teneva Shannon Webber Mary Alvar Pawan Kumar Sharma Morgan E. Terres Jason Weckbacher Laren P. Anderson Jonathan E. Starr Jeffrey H. Thomas Joshua R. White Lorena Arambula Pamela K. Strickland Maaria E. Thompson Benjamin R. Whitman Stan H. Balducci Susan E. Valentine Shane D. Thompson Elizabeth Wilson Noah I. Chase Sandra Wendt Jennifer L. Thorstad Rebecca Wilson Marvin Dye Liz Whitbeck Bill D. Treasure Colin H. Wingfield Fred L. Elsanu George A. Wilson Evan Twelker Brian W. Winter Benjamin Harrison Joseph Woger

GSA Officers and Councilors OFFICERS FOR 2005–JUNE 2006

William A. Thomas Stephen G. Wells Rob Van der Voo John Costa President Vice President Past President Treasurer University of Kentucky Desert Research Institute University of Michigan U.S. Geological Survey Lexington, Kentucky Reno, Nevada Ann Arbor, Michigan Portland, Oregon

COUNCILORS COUNCILORS COUNCILOR COUNCILORS (2003–JUNE 2006) (2004–JUNE 2007) (2004–JUNE 2008) (2005–JUNE 2009) Donald I. Siegel Jean M. Bahr Darrel S. Cowan Nancy J. McMillan Syracuse University University of Wisconsin University of Washington New Mexico State University Syracuse, New York Madison, Wisconsin Seattle, Washington Las Cruces, New Mexico Steven M. Stanley Bruce F. Molnia John W. Geissman Johns Hopkins University U.S. Geological Survey University of New Mexico Baltimore, Maryland Reston, Virginia COUNCILOR Albuquerque, New Mexico (2005–JUNE 2008) Michael A. Arthur Carolyn G. Olson Jill S. Schneiderman Pennsylvania State University U.S. Department of Jonathan G. Price Vassar College University Park, Pennsylvania Agriculture Nevada Bureau of Poughkeepsie, New York Washington D.C. Mines & Geology J. Christopher Hepburn Reno, Nevada Boston College Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts

30 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY GSA Foundation Update—January 2005 Donna L. Russell, Director of Operations

Tom Fouch Joins the Foundation’s Board of Trustees GeoTales, volume 1 A 100 page booklet with I am pleased to announce that amazing stories of adventures and Thomas D. Fouch has joined GSA discoveries from GSA members is Foundation’s Board of Trustees. He will available. A copy of GSA GeoTales, serve a five year term, which began volume 1, will be sent to you at the November 2004 meeting of the once you complete the coupon Board. Fouch also served as president of below, and include a minimum the Foundation from January 2002–2004, $50 contribution to the GSA Thomas D. Fouch where he was successful in raising funds Foundation. Please send your for several GSA projects. check and completed coupon to the Foundation office, and the booklet will be mailed to you Fouch worked for the U.S. Geological Survey for 27 years immediately. until his retirement in December 2001. Previously, he spent If you have a tale or two you would like to share for one year with J.M. Huber and five years with Shell Oil. volume 2, please send it via e-mail to [email protected]. He received his B.S. degree in earth science in 1966 from We are hoping to finalize volume 2 by February 2005. Portland State University in Oregon and his M.S. degree in geology in 1968 from the University of Oregon. Fouch has extensive experience as a leader, a manager, a strategic planner, and an implementer, and he brings to GSA Foundation’s Board a broad background in program development, program evaluation, and resource planning. He is also skilled at representing his organization to outside groups or agencies. He has a reputation as a trusted, cred- ible, and respected team player with a warm personality Most memorable early geologic experience: and remarkable people skills. His work ethic, long history To illustrate the differences between rational (cause of performance, and intellectual capacity are all exceptional and effect) and empirical deductions in his classes, J. and will be helpful in the Foundation’s quest to be success- Hoover Mackin used to point out that if you put one foot ful in its efforts to seek funds in support of GSA programs into a bed of red-hot coals and other foot on a block of and activities. ice, the average temperature should be comfortable. Welcome aboard Tom! —Donald J. Easterbrook

Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. Please credit my contribution for the: Greatest need Other: ______Fund I have enclosed a $50 (minimum) contribution to GSA Foundation and would GSA FOUNDATION like to receive a copy of GeoTales, volume 1. I have named GSA Foundation in my will. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140 Boulder, CO 80301-9140 PLEASE PRINT (303) 357-1054 [email protected] Name

Donate Online Address

It’s easy! It’s quick! It’s secure! City/State/ZIP Go to www.geosociety.org Click on “Donate Online” and follow the user-friendly instructions today! Phone

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 31 DEEP. HISTORY OF GEOLOGY DIVISION INITIATES STUDENT AWARD GSA’s History of Geology Division is soliciting proposals for a student award for the amount of $500 for a paper to be given at the national GSA meeting. It may be: • A history of geology paper —or— • A literature review of ideas for technical work Are you interested in where the ideas that you work with came from? How do you know your research is original? What ideas were prominent in the literature review you did for your thesis or dissertation? Were there ideas that didn’t work out? Why? Is your portion of our science “refining the numbers” and extending observations, or are you working on a novel theory? Is there an area of geology whose origins you would like to investigate?

The History of Geology Division would like to hear from you! Mentors are available to help you with this process, or you may work with your own faculty. Contact William Brice, [email protected], Professor of Geology and Planetary Science, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Schoolhouse Rd., “Earthquakes in Human History moves Johnstown, PA 15904, for proposal guidelines and application forms. through the centuries and across the continents to show how earthquakes Proposals and application are due May 1, 2005, so that content and the have shaped different societies. With official GSA abstract can be refined. The History of Geology Division award a cast of characters that includes God, committee will make the selection. Cleopatra, Voltaire, Mark Twain, and the Sandinistas, it is an engaging and at times thrilling tale”—Charles Walker, University of California, Davis GSA Offers Awards in Geomorphology Cloth $24.95 ISBN 0-691-05070-8 and Micropaleontology Two of GSA’s most prestigious awards supporting research are made possible by the generosity of the late W. Storrs Cole. Qualified GSA Members and Fellows are urged to apply.

The Gladys W. Cole Memorial Research Award provides support for the investigation of the geomorphology of semiarid and arid terrains in the United States and Mexico. GSA Members and Fellows between the ages of 30 and 65 who have published one or more significant papers on geomorphology are eligible for the award. While the funds may not be used for work that is already finished, recipients of previous awards may reapply if they need additional support to complete their work. The 2005 award is for $7,600.

The W. Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award supports research in invertebrate micropaleontology. This award carries a stipend of $7,000 in 2005 and will go to a GSA Member or Fellow between the ages of 30 and 65 who has published one or more significant papers on micropaleontology.

With a foreword by Robert D. Ballard For 2005 application forms, visit www.geosociety.org/grants/postdoc.htm. “Does the world need another book For more information, contact about volcanic eruptions and the havoc Diane Lorenz, Grants, Awards, and Recognition, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO they wreak? The answer, for this book, 80301-9140, [email protected]. is an emphatic ‘yes.’” Applications must be mailed and must be postmarked on —Sally Newcomb, Isis or before February 1, 2005. Applications sent by facsimile or e-mail will not be accepted. New in paper $18.95 ISBN 0-691-11838-8 The Committee on Research Grants will report its actions to each applicant in April 2005.

PRINCETON THE GLADYS W. AND W. STORRS COLE University Press AWARD FUNDS ARE MANAGED BY THE GSA FOUNDATION. 800-777-4726 U.S.• READ EXCERPTS AT WWW.PUP.PRINCETON.EDU 32 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 33 Announcements MEETINGS CALENDAR 2005 March 29–April 1 Partnering for the Global Hydrogen Future: Annual Hydrogen Conference & Exposi- tion, Washington, D.C. Information: National Hydrogen Association, (202) 223-5547, [email protected], www.hydrogenconference.org. June 20–24 Uranium 2005: International Symposium on Uranium Production and Raw Materials for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle—Uranium Supply and Demand, Uranium Geology, Uranium Production, Uranium Mining and Milling, Waste Management, and Environment and Safety; Vienna, Austria. Information: Karen Wenrich, Scientific Secretary, International Atomic Energy Agency, NEFW, +43-1-26000, fax +43-1-26007, [email protected], [email protected]. 2006 February 8–9 Oil & Gas Habitats of Russia and Surrounding Regions, London. Information: www.geolsoc.org. uk, Lucy Kimber, [email protected]. April 18–23 100th Anniversary Earthquake Conference, San Francisco, California. Seismological Society of America, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, and the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services. Information: www.1906eqconf.org/; field trip information: cprentice@usgs. gov. Field trip proposals deadline: March 1, 2005.

Visit www.geosociety.org/calendar/ for a complete list of upcoming geoscience meetings. Call for Nominations: 2005 Call for Scholarship Laurence L. Sloss Award Applications Each year the Sedimentary Geology Division of GSA offers Each year, the Dan David Prize awards 10 scholarships of the L.L. Sloss award for lifetime contributions to the field of US$15,000 each to outstanding doctoral students and post- sedimentary geology and service to GSA. This award is a sig- doctoral researchers from universities all over the world. In nificant honor for the top sedimentary geologists of our time. addition, 10 scholarships of US$15,000 each are awarded to Previous awardees include Bill Dickinson, Bob Dott, George outstanding doctoral students from Tel Aviv University. For Kline, Pete Palmer, Bob Weimer, and James Lee Wilson. To information on applying and on the fields selected for 2005, make a nomination, please include a cover letter describing visit www.dandavidprize.org. Application deadline: March 30, the nominee’s accomplishments in sedimentary geology and 2005. contributions to GSA and a curriculum vitae for the nomi- nee. The award will be presented at the 2005 GSA Annual AWG Announces New Officers Meeting in Salt Lake City. Nominations remain active for three The Association for Women Geoscientists has named years. Please send your nominations electronically by Feb. 20, the following people to its 2004–2005 Executive 2005, to Paul Link, secretary, Sedimentary Geology Division, Committee: president—GSA member Allyson [email protected]. Anderson, ExxonMobil Exploration Company; president elect—GSA member Laurie E. Scheuing, Quantitative Environmental Analysis LLC; past presi- iScienceProject Launches K–12 dent—GSA Fellow Helen Delano, Pennsylvania Energy Contest Geological Survey; secretary—GSA member Tamie J. Sponsored by iScienceProject, the HOBO Energy Challenge Jovanelly, Ph.D. candidate at Kent State University; promotes energy awareness within schools with a fun, treasurer—GSA member Kata McCarville, Institute hands-on science learning tool, HOBO® data loggers (por- of Atmospheric Sciences, South Dakota School of table electronic recording devices that monitor light usage, Mines and Technology; editor—Marguerite Toscano, room temperature, and relative humidity to find examples Smithsonian Department of Paleobiology; assistant edi- of energy waste). Participating classrooms will receive a free tor—Lorraine Manz, North Dakota Geological Survey; HOBO Loaner Package that includes a data logger, software, GAEA advertising editor—GSA member Jane H. Gill, and energy-saving contest activities. Information: www. environmental geologist, North Carolina; publicist— iscienceproject.com/energy_challenge/energy_challenge.html. GSA member Pranoti M. Asher, Georgia Southern Deadline for contest entries: April 30, 2005. University; and business manager—Carol Dicks.

34 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY AGI Announces New President and Officers The American Geological Institute has named its new president, GSA Member Stephen M. Testa, and new AGI officers: president-elect—GSA Fellow Ernest Mancini; secretary—GSA Fellow Robert H. Fakundiny; and member-at-large— G.W. “Skip” Hobbs.

About People Neil Kelley, GeoCorps 2004, Fossil Butte GSA Senior Fellow Russell G. Slayback has received the American National Monument Geophysical Institute’s William B. Heroy Jr. Award for exceptional and benefi- cial long-term service to AGI. Slayback, president and chairman of the board 2005 Summer Positions Posted of directors of Leggette, Brashears & Graham Inc., earned his degree in geol- ogy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. Spend your summer working on a priority geoscience GSA Fellow Warren D. Allmon has been recognized for his work leading project in a National Park to the greater understanding and public appreciation of the role the geosci- or National Forest. ences play in society with AGI’s Outstanding Contribution to the Public Understanding of Geoscience Award. Allmon is the director of the Paleontological Research Institution and the Museum of the Earth in Ithaca, New York. He earned his A.B. degree at Dartmouth College in 1982 and his GeoCorps™ Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1988. America Program

Through the GeoCorps America In Memoriam Program, GSA offers geoscientists of all levels—university students, Allan P. Bennison John H. Hoke Donald H. Richter professionals, and retirees—a 10 Grass Valley, California Sardinia, Italy Anchorage, Alaska week summer experience work- May 1, 2004 September 18, 2004 October 8, 2004 ing in a National Park or National D.L. Blackstone W.G.Q. Johnston Robert P. Sharp Laramie, Wyoming Saskatchewan, Canada Pasadena, California Forest on a priority land manage- May 24, 2004 May 14, 2004 May 24, 2004 ment project to protect America’s John W. Blagbrough Helen Tappan Loeblich Harold K. Stager public lands. Albuquerque, New Mexico Yorba Linda, California Bodega Bay, California July 11, 2004 August 18, 2004 October 9, 2004 All 2005 summer positions are Reuben G. Bullard Frederic B. Loomis Sherwood D. Tuttle posted on the Web site listed Independence, Kentucky Peoria, Arizona Fort Thomas, Kentucky below. To find out more about the July 3, 2004 April 23, 2004 June 27, 2004 GeoCorps program, positions and Arthur E. Burford John A. Mann Karen M. Weber Hudson, Ohio Yorba Linda, California Blacksburg, Virginia locations on National Parks and August 1, 2004 September 19, 2004 May 26, 2004 National Forests, or how to apply, George H. Davis Barney C. McCasland Jr. Peter V. Wiese refer to: Gaithersburg, Maryland Midland, Texas Fairhope, Alabama May 24, 2004 June 12, 2004 October 13, 2004 http://www.geosociety.org/geocorps William J. Domoracki David A. Morris Keith P. Young Columbia, South Carolina Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Austin, Texas Deadline to apply is Friday, July 25, 2004 April 14, 2004 August 20, 2004 February 11, 2005 Leo A. Herrmann Elmer D. Patterson Please contact the GSA Ruston, Louisiana Roswell, New Mexico Foundation at (303) 357-1057 July 16, 2004 July 24, 2004 or [email protected] Apply today to be involved in an Alan D. Hoagland John B. Reid Jr. for information on contribut- exciting on-the-ground project on Murfreesboro, Tennessee Amherst, Massachusetts ing to the Memorial Fund. America’s public lands this summer! August 1, 2004 Notified August 3, 2004

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 35 GEOLOGIC PAST 100 Years Ago pher, and the Bulletin article includes several photographs taken of quarries (p. 242). As a prelude to encouraging GLACIERS A HOT TOPIC and building sites throughout New York his colleagues to use experimentation to H.L. Fairchild’s paper, “Ice Erosion state. imitate fracture patterns, Cloos noted, Theory a Fallacy,” printed in GSA Herman Leroy Fairchild (1850–1943) “Geology without fractures would be Bulletin was a GSA founding member in 1888 rather dull, and what would the geolo- “Probably there is no subject in geology and served as GSA secretary from 1891 gist do if he were without faults when on which the divergence of opinion is to 1906 and GSA president in 1912. his imagination exceeds his geology?” so great while at the same time the ob- Fairchild first presented this controversial (p. 242). servational material is so ample as that paper in two parts at the GSA In this introduction to fracture pattern of glacial erosion” (H.L. Fairchild, p. 14). Philadelphia and St. Louis meetings in experimentation, Cloos drew on work In his February 1905 GSA Bulletin arti- January and December 1904, respectively. by his brother, Hans Cloos, and out- cle, H.L. Fairchild addressed the “ex- lined four scale models for those scien- treme differences of opinion and the 50 Years Ago tists who wished to engage in the “good sudden and radical shifting of views” deal of fun” (p. 242) to be had in at- (p. 15) regarding ice erosion in order to FRACTURES, CLAY, MAKE tempting to imitate and measure fault argue against the view that “glaciers GEOLOGY LESS DULL fracture patterns using wet clay, a possess great erosive power.” Ernst Cloos’ address to GSA on trowel, a table, boards, wire cloth, and In this refutation of ice erosion the- “Experimental Analysis of Fracture “a lively imagination” (p. 243). ory, Fairchild included a brief definition Patterns” printed in GSA Bulletin Ernst Cloos (1898–1974) served as of erosion, presented an extensive dis- In his address as retiring president of president of GSA in 1954, and first cussion on the nature and activity of GSA, published in GSA Bulletin in presented this paper at the 1954 GSA glaciers around the world, and then fo- March 1955, Ernst Cloos stated, “The Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, cused on ice-sheet erosion in the state importance of fractures can hardly be California. of New York, USA. Fairchild was also exaggerated. Most likely man could known as an avid and skilled photogra- not live if rocks were not fractured”

COMPREHENSIVE AND STATE-OF-THE-ART!

Geologic Map of North America AvailableY FEBRUAR Compiled by John C. Reed Jr., John O. Wheeler, and Brian E. Tucholke 2005 The new Geologic Map of North America covers ~15% of Earth’s surface and differs from previous maps in several important respects: It is the fi rst such map to depict the geology of the seafl oor, the fi rst compiled since the general acceptance of plate-tectonic theory, and the fi rst since radiometric dates for plutonic and volcanic rocks became widely available. It also refl ects enormous advances in conventional geologic mapping, advances that have led to a signifi cant increase in the complexity of the map. The new map, printed in 11 colors, distinguishes more than 900 rock units, 110 of which are offshore. It depicts more than seven times the number of on-land units as are shown on its immediate predecessor, as well as many more faults and additional features such as volcanoes, calderas, impact structures, small bodies of unusual igneous rocks, and diapirs. When displayed at earth science institutions and libraries, this map is sure to impress viewers with the grand design of the continent and may inspire some to pursue the science of geology. The new Geologic Map of North America is also a “thinking map,” a source for new interpretations of the geology of North America, insights into the evolution of the continent, new exploration strategies for the discovery of mineral and energy resources, and the development of better ways to assess and mitigate environmental risks and geologic hazards. 3 sheets (74" × 39"), scale 1:5,000,000, 28 p. text list $150.00, member price $120.00 www.geosociety.org GSA Sales and Service P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA 303-357-1000, option 3 • Toll-free: 1-888-443-4472 • Fax: 303-357-1071

36 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY GSA Beginnings The Geological Society of America The first meeting and the official formation of the Geological Society of America took place in Ithaca, New GSA Mission, Vision, and Goals Updated for 2005 York, on December 27, 1888. The founders of the GSA were a distinguished group. James Hall (1811–1898), considered the “elder Mission statesman” of the geological profession at that time, was the first president of GSA. James Dwight Dana The mission of GSA is to be a leader in advancing (1813–1895), one of the great exploration geologists, the geosciences, enhancing the professional growth was the initial first vice president of the society, while of its members, and promoting the geosciences in the the man believed to have worked the hardest toward service of humankind. the foundation of the GSA, Alexander Winchell (1824–1891), served as initial second vice president. John James Stevenson (1841–1924) was GSA’s first secretary, Henry Shaler Williams (1847–1918) was Vision the society’s first treasurer, and those elected to serve as members at large were Charles Henry Hitchcock • GSA will be a broad, unifying scientific society (1836–1919), stratigrapher and paleontologist John • Fostering the human quest for understanding Strong Newberry (1822–1892), and Rocky Mountain region geologist John Wesley Powell (1834–1902). The Earth, planets, and life; other members of the founding group, many of whom went on to serve as society officers, were Herman • Catalyzing new scientific ways of thinking about LeRoy Fairchild (1850–1943), James Furman Kemp natural systems; and (1859–1926), William John McGee (1853–1912), Henry Bradford Nason (1831–1895), Israel Charles White • Supporting the application of geoscience (1848–1927), John Francis Williams (1862–1891), knowledge and insight to human needs, Samuel Gardner Williams (1827–1900), and Newton aspirations, and stewardship of the Earth. Horace Winchell (1839–1914). In 1889, Mary Emilee Holmes (1850–1906) became the first woman GSA Fellow. This information is taken from GSA Memoir 155, The Geological Society of America—Life History of a Learned Society, by Edwin B. Eckel (1982), and a booklet titled “The Founding of The Geological Society of America,” by Arthur Mirskey of GSA’s History of Geology Division (1988).

One-stop shopping Goals for all your GSA needs! 1. To increase the quality and vitality of meetings and • Register for your upcoming GSA Section conferences. meeting and Earth System Processes 2. 2. To increase the quality and vitality of publications. • Renew your 2005 membership. • Subscribe to GSA’s outstanding peer-reviewed 3. To promote geoscience in the service of society. journals and purchase books, maps, charts, 4. To attract and sustain a dynamic, dedicated, and other publications at member-only rates. diverse, and viable membership and to be Ensure that you stay connected with GSA responsive to this membership. by updating your contact information. Recommend GSA membership to your 5. To maintain GSA and the GSAF as financially colleagues—applications are online at viable entities. www.geosociety.org/members/. 6. To optimize GSA’s governance and organizational e-mail: [email protected] phone: 1.303.357.1000 option 3 or structure in fulfillment of GSA’s mission. 1.888.443.4472 fax: 303.357.1071

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 37 EARTHCACHING An Adventure Game with an Earthy Twist

Gary Lewis, GSA Education and Outreach during the Permian ice age. The cache notes provide the geocacher with an introduction as well as information on each site they visit. eocaching is an outdoors phenomenon that is grow- Another Earthcache, in Colorado, takes visitors to a site ing rapidly worldwide. Geocaching is an adventure where Earth’s internal forces have injected pegmatite veins Ggame for Global Positioning System (GPS) users. It of minerals, some as big as a matchbox, into the surround- involves the creation and placement by players of caches ing country rock. The explanations for how and why this containing a logbook and often other items and the subse- happened are right there in the cache notes in a language quent searching for and locating of these caches by other understandable for the layperson. players. Currently, there are 98,909 caches hidden within the United States and about 500,000 players. Caches are also Because Earthcaches are virtual caches, they are a per- hidden in over 200 other countries. fect way for many places, both rural and urban, to become The details of each geocache, or the “cache notes,” are cache sites. For example, an Earthcache is currently under recorded on a database-driven Web site, www.geocaching. development that will take people on a guide of the amaz- com. This Web site is operated by Groundspeak Inc. ing variety of building stones used in Denver. It will pro- vide the story of each stone type as well as other informa- Hunting for a geocache can be an individual pursuit or, tion. This will be a perfect way for teachers to take inner more commonly, a group or family affair. Some players use city kids on a geology field trip using GPS technology. the game as a way to travel to unusual places in the country or to see features that are not marked Earthcaches, because of their educational nature, on tourist maps. Some sites require access by go through a special approval process in which the four-wheel drive vehicles and many by hiking. language and appropriateness of the cache are tested by the GSA Earthcache team. The team uses GSA is involved in setting up some earth sci- a set of guidelines (which you can read at www. ence education geocaches, called Earthcaches, earthcache.org) as well as their own earth science in association with the U.S. National Park Ser vice, experience to ensure that the quality of Earthcaches Forest Service, and other agencies and organiza- is maintained. The Earthcache team is also expand- tions and in partnership with Groundspeak Inc. ing to make sure that caches in languages other and Subaru of America. than English are not excluded from the project. As the name implies, Earthcaches are meant GSA Exec So, how do you develop an Earthcache? First, for learning about Earth. This includes geologi- Jack Hess read the guidelines at www.earthcache.org. The cal phenomena (fossils, minerals, faults, folds, and friends on most important guideline is that the cache must re- an Earthcaching resources) and geographical features (glacial fea- ally teach the visitor something wonderful about tures, waterfalls, etc.). Already, there are some expedition in Colorado. our planet. Just a “view” will not make it as an great GSA Earthcaches in Australia, the United Earthcache. We would suggest that you check out States, and Canada, and some are under devel- some of the excellent Earthcaches, like “The Rocks opment in Germany and Norway. that Grew” Earthcache or the WoolShed Creek Earthcache Earthcaches are a type of “virtual” geocache—that is, to see how others have written the accompanying notes. they do not involve the creation of physical containers hid- Then complete the online submittal form. The Earthcache den at sites, but rather, Earthcache visitors learn about Earth team will make a decision on the value of the cache, and if through the cache notes when they visit the site. Unlike it meets the standards, it is submitted to Geocaching.com “traditional” caches, the visitors do not leave or remove to undergo the normal geocache approval process. At this items from a cache. Some Earthcaches may be established stage, around 60% of submitted Earthcaches have been ap- at places where geocachers can log their visits in a book at proved and listed. a visitors’ center. All visitors to Earthcaches will be encour- If you would like to work on setting up Earthcaches in aged to log their visits on the Web site. your area and would like to discuss these with the Earthcache Earthcaches provide not only location but also a lesson Team, please contact Gary Lewis, [email protected], or about what the geocacher is seeing. For example, the first Wesley Massey, [email protected]. Earthcache developed takes the visitor to six places on a headland where they can see evidence of what it was like

38 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 39 New at the GSA Bookstore www.geosociety.org or revised test analyses. Methods used to analyze data account for the Field Guide dual fracture and matrix permeability of the tuffaceous rocks and lava flows. Because these rocks are unlike many commonly studied aquifer Field Trips in the Southern Rocky Mountains, systems, some conventional analytical methods used for pumping USA, edited by Eric P. Nelson and Eric A. Erslev, tests in porous media could not be used or had to be used with caution. 2004 Hydraulic conductivity obtained from drawdown in a pumped well The theme of the 2004 GSA Annual Meeting and was observed to be comparable to hydraulic conductivity obtained Exposition, “Geoscience in a Changing World,” from slug-injection and swabbing-recovery tests but much smaller covers both new and traditional areas of the earth than hydraulic conductivity obtained from observation-well data. The sciences. The Front Range of the Rocky Mountains and the High length of a pumping test also was found to influence the shape of the Plains preserve an outstanding record of geological processes from drawdown curve and, hence, the determination of hydraulic properties. Precambrian through Quaternary times, and thus serve as excellent Many pumping test analyses illustrate conclusions about flow-system educational exhibits for the meeting. With energy and mineral dynamics and hydraulic properties presented in the paper. resources, geological hazards, water issues, geoarchaeological sites, SPE381, 93 pages, ISBN 0-8137-2381-7 and famous dinosaur fossil sites, the Front Range and adjacent High $50.00, member price $40.00 Plains region provide ample opportunities for field trips focusing on our changing world. The chapters in this field guide all contain technical Orogenic curvature: Integrating paleomagnetic content as well as a field trip log describing field trip routes and stops. and structural analyses, edited by Aviva J. Of the 25 field trips offered at the Meeting, 14 are described in the Sussman and Arlo B. Weil guidebook, covering a wide variety of geoscience disciplines, with Most active and ancient orogenic systems chapters on tectonics (Precambrian and Laramide), stratigraphy and display salients and recesses with varying paleoenvironments (e.g., early Paleozoic environments, Jurassic eolian degrees of curvature in map view. Within these environments, the K-T boundary, the famous Oligocene Florissant fossil arcuate orogens, many observations (e.g., out-of- beds), economic deposits (coal and molybdenum), geological hazards, plane strains, oblique slip, earthquake swarms, and geoarchaeology. vertical-axis rotations) indicate that material is FLD005, 234 p., ISBN 0-8137-0005-1 transported (or flows) in three dimensions, such that no single cross $45.00, member price $36.00 section can fully describe the motion. Although our conceptualization of the architecture of curved mountain belts has become increasingly sophisticated, many questions as to the kinematics and mechanics of Special Papers forming arcuate orogenic systems still need to be answered. To this end, GSA Special Paper 383 brings together several investigations Gneiss Domes in Orogeny, edited by Donna L. which integrate structural and paleomagnetic techniques. Examples Whitney, Christian Teyssier, and Christine S. of the multidisciplinary research presented in the volume include: Siddoway the impact that vertical-axis rotations have on shortening estimates; Domal structures cored by high-grade meta- magnetic anisotropy and strain distribution as a function of basement/ morphic rocks and granite occur in every exhumed cover decoupling; remagnetization and structural growth; mantle- mountain belt worldwide, representing orogenic lithosphere delamination caused by plate bending; and the relationship events from the Archean to the present. Field relationships, thermal between shear zones and vertical-axis rotations. histories, and results of modeling of these structures show that dome SPE383, 258 p. plus index, ISBN 0-8137-2383-3 emplacement and orogenesis are intimately related. Flow of crust in $80.00, member price $64.00 domes focuses lithospheric deformation and strain and is dynamically linked to surface processes. This book illustrates that domes are ar- chives of information about fi rst-order tectonic processes common to In Press contractional, extensional, and transcurrent regimes. Investigations in structural geology, metamorphic and igneous petrology, geochronol- Cenozoic climatic and environmental changes in Russia ogy, thermochronology, geophysics, and geomorphology presented in edited by A.A. Velichko and V.P. Nechaev (editors of the this volume explore the origin and dynamics of gneiss domes in diverse English-language edition are H.E. Wright Jr., A.A. Velichko, T.A. tectonic settings. Blyakharchuk, and Olga Borisova) SPE380, 378 p., plus index, CD-ROM ISBN 0-8137-2380-9 SPE382, ISBN 0-8137-2382-5 (in prep.) $85.00, member price $68.00 Large meteorite impacts III edited by Thomas Kenkmann, Friedrich Hörz, and Alex Deutsch Hydraulic tests of Miocene volcanic rocks SPE 384, ISBN 0-8137-2384-1 (in prep.) at Yucca Mountain and Pahute Mesa and implications for groundwater flow in the Active tectonics and seismic hazards of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Southwest Nevada Volcanic Field, Nevada and Islands, and offshore areas California, by Arthur L. Geldon edited by Paul Mann Pahute Mesa was the principal site for SPE 385, ISBN 0-8137-2385-X (in prep.) underground nuclear tests in the United States, and Yucca Mountain is the proposed site for this nation’s first permanent high-level nuclear-waste GSA Sales and Service repository. This paper interprets results of hydraulic tests from 41 P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140 sites in the Yucca Mountain–Pahute Mesa area, emphasizing 46 new (303) 357-1000, option 3 • 1-888-443-4472 • fax 303-357-1071 Classified Rates CALIBRATED EMISSION Ads (or cancellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one month prior to issue. Contact Advertising Department: [email protected]; MEASUREMENTS +1.800.472.1988 x1053; +1.303.357.1053. Complete contact information, including mailing and email address, must be included with all correspondence. ON THE GO!

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VISITING ASSISTANT PROFESSOR THERMALLY STABILIZED EARTH MATERIALS TRINITY UNIVERSITY LIGHTWEIGHT CASE WITH The Department of Geosciences at Trinity University invites applications for a one-year term appointment ON-BOARD PC at the rank of visiting assistant professor beginning in August 2005. The appointment is renewable. Primary teaching responsibilities include upper division courses in earth materials and tectonics and introductory geo- science courses in the University’s Common Curriculum. Applicants should have a specialization that includes 1280 Hopmeadow Street, Unit E, Simsbury, CT 06070 laboratory and field work in mineralogy, petrology or Phone 860.658.0458 www.designsandprototypes.com geochemistry, and that broadens the scope of existing faculty specializations which include volcanology, sedi- mentology, structural geology, invertebrate paleontol- ogy, geophysics, and geomorphology/Quaternary geol- ogy. Our department, a member of the Keck Geology phone numbers of three references to: Carol Prorok, Send cover letter, resume, transcripts, and contact infor- Consortium, emphasizes excellence in undergraduate Search Chair, Department of Geography, Geology, and mation for three references to Anthony Aufdenkampe teaching and opportunities for undergraduate research. the Environment, Slippery Rock University, Slippery ([email protected]). Rock, PA 16057, Phone: 724-738-2384, Fax: 724-738- Applications must include a letter of application, GEOLOGY INSTRUCTOR 4762, Email: [email protected]. curriculum vitae, undergraduate and graduate tran- RIVERSIDE COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT Review of applications will begin March 1, 2005, and scripts, a detailed description of teaching philosophy RIVERSIDE CITY CAMPUS continue until position is filled. Slippery Rock University and research interests, and contact information for three Deadline to apply: January 28, 2005 of PA is a member of the State System of Higher references; sent to Geosciences Search, Department of A completed District application form, a cover letter, Education and is an affirmative action/equal opportunity Geosciences, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San a current resume or vita, three current professional employer. Visit our Web page at www.sru.edu. Antonio, Texas 78212-7200 (email: geosearch@trinity. reference letters, legible copies of transcripts verifying edu). Further information about the department and UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN COLLEGE college work and degrees, must be submitted to Human search can be found at http://www.trinity.edu/depart- RICHLAND CENTER, TENURE TRACK POSITION Resources by the deadline listed above. ments/geosciences/. Specific questions can be directed DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY Additional information and a required District applica- to Dr. Glenn Kroeger (email: [email protected]). Tenure track position beginning August 2005. Doctorate tion form can be downloaded from our Website: http:// Review of completed applications will begin January degree in geology is preferred, ABD considered. Teach www.rcc.edu or obtained by contacting RCCD Human 15, 2005. Women and minority candidates are strongly introductory and sophomore geology and introductory Resources, 3845 Market Street, Riverside, CA 92501, encouraged to apply. Trinity University is an Equal physical geography; resource conservation desirable. Phone: (951) 222-8588. Opportunity Employer. Online teaching a possibility. Teaching excellence, pro- CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND fessional growth, and service to the department, cam- GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES pus, and community are expected for tenure. Application PENNSYLVANIA, SLIPPERY ROCK 16057 SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY deadline is February 15, 2005. Send letter of interest, Slippery Rock University is seeking applicants for Saint Louis University, a Catholic Jesuit Institution dedi- current vita, unofficial transcripts, a one-page statement a tenure-track Assistant Professor with expertise in cated to education, research and healthcare, is seeking of teaching philosophy and professional goals, and remote sensing and geomorphology in the Department applicants for the position of Chair of the Department of names of three current references to [email protected]. of Geography, Geology, and the Environment beginning Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Materials that cannot be submitted electronically should September 2005. The department consists of 13 faculty We seek an applicant with demonstrated admin- be mailed to Keith Montgomery, Chair, UW Colleges and approximately 110 undergraduate majors and offers istrative abilities to head a dynamic and diverse - Marathon County, Department of Geography/Geology, programs in environmental science and studies, geogra- Department of talented and energetic faculty whose 518 South 7th. Avenue, Wausau WI 54401. Applications phy, and geology. interests are in Meteorology, Geology and Geophysics. must be accompanied by a statement of whether the Qualifications: ABD in Geography or Geology The new Chair will be expected to take a leadership applicant wishes to have the application held in confi- required (PhD must be completed by August 2005). role in increasing undergraduate and graduate enroll- dence or made available to the public upon request. The Broad training, with expertise in remote sensing and ment, developing cooperative programs with other UW Colleges is an affirmative action/equal opportunity geomorphology, including applications to environmental departments and national laboratories, balancing the employer. More information about the position can be concerns are required. The candidate must demonstrate needs and goals of the solid earth and atmospheric found at: www.uwc.edu/employment/jobs.htm. a commitment to the education of diverse populations. divisions of the Department, and maintaining its strong Successful performance in an on-campus interview, POST-DOCTORAL SCIENTIST research programs. including teaching demonstration is also required. STROUD WATER RESEARCH CENTER The Candidate should have a Ph.D. in the atmo- Responsibilities: Teach remote sensing, geomorphol- ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OR spheric or solid earth sciences and a strong record of ogy, introductory courses, and potential development ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY scholarly activity suitable for appointment at the rank of of advanced courses in area of expertise. Demonstrate Post-Doctoral Scientist in organic geochemistry or envi- Professor. Exceptional individuals at the advanced level excellent teaching and maintain an active program of ronmental chemistry needed to participate in an exten- of Associate Professor may also be considered. Salary research, including peer-reviewed publication, mentor sive stream-monitoring project to assess the sources and rank will be commensurate with experience and undergraduate student research and participate in uni- of pollution to streams feeding municipal drinking sup- qualifications. versity service and student advising. plies—using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), The Carnegie Foundations classifies Saint Louis Send letter of interest, curriculum vitae, statement of fragrance, and fecal steroid compounds as molecular University as an Extensive Doctoral / Research research and teaching interests, graduate and under- tracers—and to evaluate these proxies relative to other Institution. The Department offers undergradu- graduate transcripts (official transcripts required before biological, chemical and geographical indicators. For ate degrees in Meteorology, Geology, Environmental hiring) and the names, addresses (postal and email) and details, go to http://www.stroudcenter.org/jobs/ft.htm. Science, and Geophysics. An M.S. degree is offered in

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 41 Geology, and Ph.D. degrees are offered in Meteorology, oceanography; further develop the geology curriculum; Lincoln, 309 Biochemistry Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0758. and Geophysics. The Department website is: http:// conduct field work with students separate from or as Review of applications begins February 15, 2005, www.eas.slu.edu. a part of assigned class load; teach evening classes and continues until the position is filled or the search is To apply, send a letter of application addressing and/or Saturday classes as needed; serve as a pro- closed. research, teaching, and administrative philosophies, ponent for geology education on campus and in the The University of Nebraska is committed to a plural- curriculum vitae, publication list, and arrange to have community. The minimum qualifications for this posi- istic campus community through affirmative action and three letters of reference sent to: Steven W. Buckner, tion are a Master’s in geology, geophysics, earth sci- equal opportunity and is responsive to the needs of dual Search Committee Chair, Monsanto Hall room 125, ences, meteorology, oceanography or paleontology career couples. We assure reasonable accommoda- Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO or Bachelor’s in geology and Master’s in geography, tion under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Contact 63103. Electronic materials are acceptable and may be physics or geochemistry, or the equivalent. Advanced Sharon Kelly at (402) 472-9873 or for assistance. sent to [email protected]. Review of applications will graduate work in physical geology and/or historical MERCYHURST COLLEGE begin on February 1, 2005. geology and/or oceanography; fieldwork experience, SURFICIAL GEOLOGY/GEOMORPHOLOGY Saint Louis University is an Affirmative Action, Equal demonstrated experience and interest in teaching col- The Department of Geology at Mercyhurst College Opportunity Employer, and encourages nominations and lege level physical geology, historical geology, and and the Mercyhurst Archeological Institute in Erie, applications of women and minorities. oceanography lecture and laboratory lecture and lab; Pennsylvania invites applications for a tenure track have geospatial technology ability in GIS, GPS and DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & OCEAN SCIENCES position to begin September 2005. A PhD is required. remote sensing is preferred. Ability to use technology as UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA We seek a surficial geologist / geomorphologist with a teaching tool. Salary: $41,898–$99,044. Deadline to ASSISTANT PROFESSOR expertise in the mineralogy and petrology of sedimen- apply: February 28, 2005. Please call (310) 434-4336 APPLIED SEDIMENTOLOGY AND/OR tary rocks and with the ability to conduct ongoing field for a district application and detailed job description, or STRATIGRAPHY and laboratory research of Holocene fluvial and coastal write to Santa Monica College, Human Resources, 1900 The Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the processes and deposits. The successful applicant will Pico Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90405, or visit the website University of British Columbia invites applications for a be expected to continue the Geology Department’s con- at www.smc.edu. EOE. tenure-track faculty position in the area of sedimentol- tribution to interdisciplinary studies with the Mercyhurst ogy and/or stratigraphy. We seek a scientist whose CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Archaeological Institute and the Mercyhurst Applied research enhances and extends our existing strengths, STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY Forensic Science Department. Teaching duties will particularly in areas that are process oriented and/or Applications are invited for chair of the Department of include courses in basic geology for non-majors and applied, including but not limited to, exploration and Geology at Stephen F. Austin State University to begin several advanced courses which may include sedi- exploitation of fossil fuels, environmental studies and August 2005. We seek an outstanding individual with mentation/stratigraphy, soils, mineralogy, petrology, economic geology. This appointment is at the Assistant strong management, communication and interpersonal geomorphology, geoarchaeology, hydrogeology and Professor level although applications from exceptionally skills to provide innovative and energetic leadership structural geology. Mercyhurst is currently developing well-qualified, more senior scientists will be considered, for our department. Duties include recruiting, advising, graduate programs in both forensic science and in geo- particularly if they address under-representation of des- developing a strong base of alumni and industry sup- archaeology, and the successful applicant will have to ignated equity groups such as women, visible minori- port, teaching, and research. Applicants should have opportunity to help develop these programs. ties, disabled persons or aboriginal people. Candidates credentials for appointment at associate or full profes- As a primarily undergraduate liberal arts institution, from all relevant fields of Science and Engineering are sor level. we seek an individual with excellent teaching ability encouraged to apply. The position will be available as Candidates with expertise in petroleum geology and and the desire to involve undergraduates in scientific early as July 1, 2005. A Ph.D. is required by the com- geophysics, or sedimentary petrology are preferred and research. We feel strongly that a field component should mencement date. Teaching at the undergraduate and will teach undergraduate and graduate courses, plus be incorporated in each of the geology courses taught graduate levels is expected. occasional weekend field trips. The department offers as appropriate. We’ve found Mercyhurst’s location on The University of British Columbia hires on the basis a master’s degree and is committed to quality teaching, the shore of Lake Erie has provided exceptional oppor- of merit and is committed to employment equity. All field geology and laboratory studies. tunities for the development of geological research qualified persons are encouraged to apply; however, Applicants should send a letter of application, CV, projects in modern coastal processes. Also available Canadians and Permanent Residents of Canada will be statement of teaching and research interests, state- for field studies is the underlying glaciated terrain and given priority. This position is subject to final budgetary ment of leadership skills and administrative philosophy, nearby non-glaciated terrain of the Appalachian Plateau approval. For more information about the Department reprints, copies of official transcripts and three let- and the folded Appalachian Mountains. Metamorphic and this position, visit our Web site at http://www.eos. ters of reference to: Search Committee, Department and igneous terrain of nearby Canada and the more ubc.ca. of Geology, P. O. Box 13011, Stephen F. Austin State distant Adirondack Mtns of NY State are also accessible Applicants should send their curriculum vitae and University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962. Review of applica- for study. Ongoing geoarchaeological projects include a statement of research and teaching interests, and tions will begin immediately. EOE; security-sensitive work at the famous Meadowcroft Rockshelter and other arrange for three letters of recommendation to be sent position; criminal history checked. For additional infor- nearby aboriginal sites; historic and prehistoric sites at to Dr. Paul L. Smith, Head, Department of Earth and mation go to: www.geology.sfasu.edu. Fort Hood Texas; Paleolithic sites in the Czech Republic Ocean Sciences, the University of British Columbia, and the Ukraine; and coastal and sourcing studies of CENOZOIC STRATIGRAPHER 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T King Herod’s port city of Casearea, Israel. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA–LINCOLN 1Z4. E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: 604-822- The Geology Department is well equipped for field The Conservation and Survey Division (CSD) of the 9014. The deadline for receipt of complete applications and laboratory teaching and research. Our fieldwork School of Natural Resources (SNR) at the University is February 14, 2005. is supported by a Nikon Total Station laser theodo- of Nebraska-Lincoln, invites applications for a tenure- lite and GPS with full integration to our complete GIS REFLECTION SEISMOLOGY track, 12-month assistant professor faculty position in lab (esri ArcGIS-9). A 13-foot Boston Whaler with a THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA Cenozoic stratigraphy (50% research/50% scholarly recording fathometer is available for near shore studies. The Department of Geosciences invites applications for service). Laboratories are equipped for modern Leica petro- a tenure-track faculty position at the Assistant Professor The incumbent shall develop and conduct a pro- graphic microscopy and image analysis. A Buehler level to begin August 2005. A Ph.D. degree in geophys- gram of field-based research and scholarly service in thin-section machine is available, and sediment size- ics or related field with demonstrated experience in areas including, but not limited to, stratigraphy, sedi- frequency analysis can be performed by Ro-tap and by quantitative reflection seismology is required. We seek mentology, and hydrogeology as applied to natural Beckman Coulter laser particle characterization. an individual who shows the potential for outstand- resource evaluation and management. Candidates will Applicants should submit a letter of teaching and ing achievement in both research and teaching. The be expected to continue CSD participation in coopera- research interests; a current CV and arrange for three successful candidate will be expected to develop and tive geologic mapping, focus research on the Cenozoic reference letters to be submitted to: Mercyhurst College; teach courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels, strata of the increasingly urbanized State of Nebraska, Department of Geology c/o Dr. J.M. Adovasio; 501 E. supervise and foster research at both the undergraduate and have a working knowledge of the broader regional 38th Street; Erie, PA 16546. and graduate level, and establish an externally funded geology. The successful candidate will provide expertise research program. Interdisciplinary research with exist- and scholarly service to the public sectors on the geol- SEDIMENTOLOGY/STRATIGRAPHY ing petroleum and environmental programs is strongly ogy of Nebraska, develop linkages with scientists within COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY encouraged. The University of Tulsa is a private, com- SNR, other University of Nebraska units, and other The Department of Geosciences at Colorado State prehensive university committed to excellence in teach- institutions; prepare a research project outline that is University seeks to fill a position in Sedimentology/ ing, research, creative scholarship, and service to the approved by the Agricultural Research Division and the Stratigraphy at the assistant professor level. The position University and community. Minorities and women are U.S. Department of Agriculture, obtain external grant is a 9-month tenure-track appointment. Requirements encouraged to apply. Send a letter of application stating funding, present results of research at professional are a Ph.D., a strong research record in the areas of sed- research and teaching interests, curriculum vita, and meetings, and publish research in refereed journals imentology and stratigraphy with an emphasis in silici- name and contact information for three references to and other appropriate outlets. The candidate will also clastic sedimentary systems, and evidence of teaching Dr. Bryan Tapp, Chair, Department of Geosciences, The be expected to participate in classroom teaching, men- ability. Preference will be given to applicants with strong University of Tulsa, 600 South College Ave. Tulsa, OK tor and advise graduate students and research staff, field skills, experience with petroleum systems, and a 74104-3189. Electronic applications will be accepted. and provide workshop instruction. Requires a Ph.D., strong record of external research funding. The appli-

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Application review will begin February 1, 2005, and con- earned by date of appointment, in geology or closely cant’s research and teaching interests should comple- tinue until position is filled. The University of Tulsa does related field, with expertise in field research, and experi- ment and enhance one or more of the Department’s not discriminate on the basis of personal status or group ence with interdisciplinary and collaborative research. existing strengths. The successful applicant is expected characteristics including but not limited to the classes Preference will be given to candidates with ancillary to teach at all levels and develop a vigorous externally protected under federal and state law. The University of backgrounds in GIS, biostratigraphy, or other closely funded research program supporting graduate students. Tulsa is an EEO/AA employer. related disciplines. Applicant should have an apprecia- Teaching assignments will include an undergraduate tion for environmental concerns and appropriate use of course in sedimentology/stratigraphy, graduate courses GEOLOGY INSTRUCTOR natural resources. More information at SNR Website: in the hire’s specialty, team-teaching undergraduate SANTA MONICA COMMUNITY COLLEGE http://snr.unl.edu. Interested candidates should send a field course(s), and, on a rotational basis, a large enroll- Santa Monica Community College is accepting applica- signed letter of application, curriculum vitae, statement ment introductory geology course. The preferred start tions for a full-time, tenure-track Geology Instructor of research interests, and three letters of reference date is August 2005. to start Fall 2005. Will teach introductory lecture and to: Chair, Cenozoic Stratigrapher Search Committee, To apply, send as email attachments a curriculum laboratory courses in physical, historical geology and School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska- vitae, statements of research and teaching interests, and

42 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY names and addresses of three referees to barbh@cnr. colostate.edu. Include “Sedimentology Application” in the subject line. Ancillary materials, such as copies of recent publications, may be mailed to: Sedimentology Search Chair, Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1482. Applications may be accepted until the position is filled, but for full consideration please submit by February 1, 2005. For a full job description and additional informa- tion, candidates can visit: http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/ geo or contact Dr. Dennis L. Harry at [email protected]. edu or 970-491-2714. CSU is an EEO/AA employer. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING GEODYNAMICS FACULTY POSITION UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES The Department of Geological Sciences invites applica- tions for a tenure-track faculty position in geodynamics, beginning August 2005. The position will be filled at the Assistant Professor level. Candidates must have a strong record of research and a Ph.D. in geology, geophysics or a related field. The candidate will be expected to teach introductory geology and under- graduate and graduate courses in geodynamics and geophysics, to attract and supervise undergraduate, masters, and doctoral students, and to obtain external research funding. Experience with laboratory and/or computer modeling of tectonic processes is required. Possible areas of research emphasis include the evolu- tion and mechanics of convergent margins and exten- sional systems, planetary geophysics, mantle flow, melt supply to subduction or mid-ocean ridge systems, erosion, plutonism, tectonics and its effect on climate, and neotectonics. This position compliments existing programs in tectonics, petrology, applied geophysics, basin analysis, hydrogeology, coastal geology, and petroleum systems. Department geophysical equipment includes a multichannel seismic data acquisition sys- tem, ground penetrating radar, high-resolution marine seismic systems, a Geoprobe, and a state-of-the-art computing facility supporting seismic data processing, interpretation, and subsurface mapping. Applicants should send a vita, statements of research and teaching interests, and contact information for four referees to Dr. Ernest Mancini, Geodynamics Search Committee Chair, The University of Alabama, Department of Geological Sciences, Box 870338, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338. Further information is available on our Web site at http:// with moderate climate and a wide variety of cultural and national level is requisite for this Endowed Chair. www.geo.ua.edu. Review of applications will begin on recreational opportunities, contribute to an outstanding Stillwater is a small, attractive university city of January 1, 2005, and continue until the position is filled. quality of life for our faculty. A vibrant intellectual com- about 38,000, located on the prairie in north-central This position is dependent upon available funding. munity draws from scientists at the University, regional Oklahoma. Stillwater is 65 miles north of Oklahoma City The University of Alabama is an Equal-Opportunity, high-tech industries, and numerous state and federal and 60 miles west of Tulsa. Numerous cultural activities Affirmative-Action Employer. Applications are solicited agencies; the Department of Geosciences benefits can be found within a two-hour drive of Stillwater. The from women and minority candidates. from collaborative activities with partners across this Oklahoma State University campus is one of consider- TENURE TRACK APPOINTMENT spectrum. Additional information about the Department able beauty, with modified Georgian architecture. BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY of Geosciences and the University can be found through Oklahoma State University encourages applications The Department of Geosciences at Boise State our Web site: http://earth.boisestate.edu/. from qualified women, minorities, and persons with University, as part of a planned expansion of its Ph.D. Boise State University is an EOE/AA institution and disabilities. Please send curriculum vita and names, programs, invites applications for the first of two new is strongly committed to achieving excellence through addresses, e-mail addresses, and phone numbers of tenure-track (Assistant Professor) faculty positions to cultural diversity. The University actively encourages three references to Professor Dale Lightfoot, Chair of be hired from the following disciplines: Earth History/ applications from women, persons of color, and mem- the School of Geology Search Committee, 225 Scott Global Change Science, with an emphasis in applying bers of other underrepresented groups. Veteran’s pref- Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078- stable isotopic and other chemostratigraphic proxies erence may be applicable. Applicants should send a 4073. Telephone: 405-744-6250; FAX: 405-744-5620; to understanding paleoclimatic, paleoceanographic, Curriculum Vita, Statement of Research and Teaching E-mail: [email protected]. and/or paleobiological change in both the deep time Interests, and contact information for at least three refer- Informal inquires to Dean Peter M.A. Sherwood of the and recent rock record; Hydrologic Science, with an ees to: Search Committee, Department of Geosciences, College of Arts and Sciences are welcome (e-mail: peter. emphasis in applying stable isotopic and other quantita- Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, [email protected]; Telephone: 405-744-5663). tive techniques to modern global climate change, the ID 83725. Review of applicants will begin December For full consideration, all applications must be hydrologic cycle, hydrogeology, surface processes, 15, 2004, and continue until a qualified applicant pool received by February 1, 2005. Applications will be and/or geobiological investigations; Neotectonics/ is established. Email correspondence (questions or accepted until the position has been filled. Tectonic Geomorphology, with an emphasis in apply- submission of application materials) can be sent to Oklahoma State University is an Affirmative Action/ ing quantitative geophysical and/or geochronological [email protected]. Equal Opportunity Employer. This position is subject to availability of funding. techniques to elucidating geodynamic linkages to land- ENDOWED CHAIR AND DEPARTMENT HEAD More information on OSU and the Boone Pickens scape evolution. BOONE PICKENS SCHOOL OF GEOLOGY School of Geology can be found on the Web www.pio. New colleagues in these fields will complement our OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY okstate.edu and www.okstate.edu/geology. existing strengths in biostratigraphy and geochronology, The Boone Pickens School of Geology at Oklahoma orogenic systems science, hydrological sciences and State University (OSU) is seeking applications from qual- DAVID B. HARRIS POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP surficial processes, and shallow subsurface geophys- ified candidates for the combined position of Endowed TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY ics. The successful applicant will develop a nationally- Chair and Department Head. The term of initial appoint- The Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas recognized research program supported by extramural ment will begin July 1, 2005. A&M University, College Station, Texas, is pleased to funding and participate in the continued growth of the The Boone Pickens School of Geology is a growing announce the availability of a postdoctoral fellowship Department. We seek a colleague eager to establish department that is strongly committed to the goal of funded through a gift from David B. Harris. The post- collaborative research efforts, participate in develop- excellence in research, teaching, and extension. It offers doctoral fellowship appointment is two years with a pos- ing analytical facilities, provide research opportunities a full range of undergraduate and graduate courses that sibility of a third year and carries a stipend of $35,000 for undergraduate and graduate students, and deliver lead to B.S. and M.S. degrees in Geology. The School per year. Additional funds will be available for research/ courses for undergraduate and graduate programs. A of Geology currently has more than 60 undergraduate travel expenses. Outstanding young scientists who have Ph.D. in an Earth Science discipline is required at the students and more than 30 graduate students. The finished their Ph.D. degree or who will finish by March, time of appointment; previous teaching and/or post- department is developing plans to enhance the graduate 2005 are eligible to apply. Research may be in any area graduate research experience will be considered strong program. of the earth sciences. Information about the Department assets. Applicants must have a Ph.D. degree in the geologi- can be found at http://geoweb.tamu.edu. Boise State University is a growing institution cal sciences; must qualify for the rank of Professor in the Review of applications will begin February 1, 2005. (>18,000 students) serving Idaho’s metropolitan center. School of Geology; and have a strong commitment to Applications should include a curriculum vitae, state- As the State’s capital and business, financial and cul- excellence in research, teaching and extension. A record ment of proposed research, and names and addresses tural center, Boise is recognized as one of America’s that clearly demonstrates strong leadership, innovation, of three referees. Electronic submissions are encour- best places to live. A favorable cost of living, coupled and a reputation as an outstanding scientist at an inter- aged ([email protected], pdf or Word format) or

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 43 they can be mailed to: Dr. David V. Wiltschko, Chair tion outreach. Additional responsibilities include advis- to Dr. David A. Budd ([email protected]). Review of of Selection Committee, David B. Harris Postdoctoral ing of students, as well as committee and public service. applications will begin on January 3, 2005. Applications Fellowship, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Excellence in undergraduate instruction and scholarly will be accepted until the position is filled. The University Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 3115, College Station, activity is expected. Send hard copies of a letter of inter- of Colorado at Boulder is committed to diversity and TX 77843-3115, USA. est, curriculum vita, statement of teaching philosophy, equality in education and employment. Texas A&M University is an affirmative action/equal copies of transcripts, and three letters of recommenda- FACULTY POSITION opportunity employer committed to diversity. tion to: Chair of Geology Search Committee; Department ENVIRONMENTAL GEOPHYSICS of Geology, Geography, and Physics; 215 Johnson EPS TENURE TRACK FACULTY: GEOPHYSICS CLEMSON UNIVERSITY Building; University of Tennessee at Martin; Martin, WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY The Department of Geological Sciences in the School Tennessee 38238-5039. For further information tel: The Geology Department, Western Washington of the Environment at Clemson University (http://www. 731.881.7430. For more information about the depart- University, seeks applicants for a tenure-track faculty ces.clemson.edu/ees/schofenviron.html) invites appli- ment, see its Web site at: http://www.utm.edu/depart- position at the rank of Assistant Professor, in the field of cations for an assistant professor tenure-track position ments/ggp/home.htm. Review of applications will begin Geophysics, effective September 16, 2005. in environmental geophysics or closely related area. The on March 07, 2005, and continue until position is filled. Qualifications: Applicants must have a completed anticipated starting date is August 15, 2005. UT Martin is an EEO/AA/Title VI/Title IX/Section 504/ Ph.D. in the Geological Sciences on or before the The successful candidate must have a PhD in geo- ADA/ADEA employer. The University seeks to diversify position start date and the ability to teach introduc- physics or a related discipline. He or she will be expected its work force. Therefore, all qualified applicants, regard- tion to geology and upper division courses including to teach a course in applied geophysics with environ- less of race, color, national origin, religion, gender, age, Geophysics. mental field applications, as well as other courses at the disability or Vietnam veteran status, are strongly encour- Preferred qualifications include; teaching ability and undergraduate and graduate levels, and to participate in aged to apply. research emphasizes field-based applications of geo- an innovative department-wide undergraduate research physical methods to geological problems and pro- GIS-REMOTE SENSING—3xD VISUALIZATION program. The applicant should demonstrate the ability cesses; ability to direct both under graduate and gradu- SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY to develop a high-quality, sponsored research program ate students in research; demonstrated teaching ability; The Department of Geography and Geology invites that includes advising graduate students. Preference demonstrated ability to do scholarly research; ability applications for an Assistant Professor, tenure-track, will be given to candidates who integrate field measure- to teach upper division courses; potential for externally beginning August 2005. The department seeks a broadly ments and theory in their research. Excellent oppor- funded research; the candidate’s research should trained geographer or earth scientist with a commitment tunities exist for collaboration with hydrogeologists, complement (but not duplicate) existing departmental to both teaching and research in one or more of the fol- geologists, geochemists, and environmental and civil strengths. Responsibilities: We expect the success- lowing areas: GIS; Remote Sensing; 3xD Visualization engineers in the School of the Environment and in other ful candidate to make a significant contribution to our of subsurface phenomena; Computer Cartography. programs at Clemson University. graduate program, and to participate in our undergradu- Starting salary will be within the range of $55k–$65k. Interested candidates should send a letter of appli- ate degree programs by teaching upper division courses Appointees will be expected to have a clearly articu- cation, detailed resume, statements of teaching inter- in geophysics, and introductory-level geology for non- lated plan for externally funded research and for regular est and teaching philosophy, and the names, phone majors. The ability to teach existing or new courses in publication of refereed scholarship, and as a successful numbers, e-mail addresses and mail addresses of three marine geology/geophysics, meteorology, or statistical faculty member will need to demonstrate an evolving persons who may be contacted as professional refer- methods is welcomed. mastery of both teaching and scholarly productivity. ences to: Chair, Search Committee, Clemson University, How to Apply: Submit a letter of application outlining Teaching GIS and Remote Sensing courses along with Department of Geological Sciences, Room 340 Brackett teaching and research experience accomplishments, other courses closely linked to their research focus will Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-0919. Review of applications philosophy and goals, detailing aspects related to the constitute a core activity but candidates also will be will begin immediately and continue until the position above criteria. expected to teach in our broad introductory program in is filled. Applications received by March 1, 2005, will The application should also include a curriculum Geography. The Department is composed of two distinct be assured full consideration. Clemson University is an vitae, graduate school transcripts, evidence of effective academic programs but it is envisaged that GIS as well equal opportunity, affirmative action employer. Women teaching and research, as well as letters of reference as other aspects of computer-based and geo-spatial and minority candidates are encouraged to apply. from four persons familiar with the candidate’s teach- technologies will form a linking foundation between the ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS/ ing and research, at least one of whom is from outside disciplines. Thus, the department seeks an individual HYDROLOGY the applicant’s current institution. Priority Review Date: with broad technological interests who can address the UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME 1/14/05. Submit application to: Geophysics Search interests of students in both constituencies. In the last The Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Committee Chair, (04GEO-01), Geology Department, two years the Department acquired a dedicated GIS Sciences at the University of Notre Dame has an open- Western Washington University, 516 High St, Bellingham, teaching and research facility and it benefits from the ing for an outstanding candidate in the area of the WA, 98225-9080 Phone: 360-650-3581. Our depart- presence on campus of the Texas Research Institute physics and/or modeling of fluid flow in the environ- ment has 13 faculty and offers B.A., B.S. and M.S. for Environmental Studies (TRIES) that includes GIS, ment (in the area of modeling in environmental fluid degrees with emphases in geology, geophysics, and Remote Sensing and multi-discipline Viz-Lab facilities. mechanics/environmental hydrology). The appointee environmental geology. Additional information about our To apply submit a letter of application that includes the will be expected to establish a strong, externally-funded department and programs can be found at http://geol- following: an outline of teaching experience and a sum- research program in some aspect of quantitative surface ogy.wwu.edu/. View the full position announcement, at mary of teaching philosophies, a summary of present and/or groundwater hydrology / hydraulics. In the area www.acadweb.wwu.edu/hr/Jobs/faculty.asp. AA/EOE. research experience and an outline plan of the next four of teaching, the appointee will be expected to develop years of research and scholarly activity; CV, transcripts; TWO-YEAR POST-DOC IN SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY innovative contributions to the teaching mission of the and the names and e-mail addresses of at least three CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY Department and University at both the undergraduate referees via snail mail to Dr. Chris Baldwin (Chair, Search The Department of Geology at Central Michigan and graduate levels. An undergraduate engineering Committee), Sam Houston State University, Department University invites applications for a two-year post-doc- degree is preferred (but not required). The appointee will of Geography and Geology, Box 2148, Huntsville, TX toral research associate position in sedimentary geol- join a Department that provides unique opportunities for 773421-2148 or electronically to [email protected]. ogy. Research responsibilities will include two weeks research and educational initiatives involving theory and For more information visit http://www.shsu.edu/~gel_ of field work in Australia (studying acid and neutral applications at the intersection of engineering and the geo/. SHSU is an equal opportunity/affirmative action saline lakes), evaporite and siliciclastic petrography, environmental geosciences. The position is intended to employer that welcomes applications from all under- water analyses, and fluid inclusion studies. Experience be filled at the level of assistant professor, but excep- represented groups. and a Ph.D. in Sedimentary Geology are required. tional applicants will be considered at higher levels (but Documented experience in evaporite sedimentology and LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMIST exceptional applicants may be considered for a higher geochemistry is preferred, but not required. UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER level appointment). Salary is $36,000/year with a full benefits package. The Department of Geological Sciences, University of For best consideration, applications should be sub- Send vita, a short description of research interests and Colorado at Boulder, invites applications for a tenure- mitted by January 15, 2005. Applications are particularly experience, and contact information for two referees by track position in low-temperature geochemistry. We encouraged from women, minorities, individuals with 1/31/05 to Kathy Benison, Dept. of Geology, 314 Brooks anticipate hiring at the assistant professor level, but disabilities, and veterans. Applications consisting of a Hall, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859. applications at other levels will be considered from letter of interest, current CV, statements on teaching and Serving 28,000+ students, CMU is an innovative doc- those who would strengthen the Department’s diversity. research, and a list of at least 5 people willing to provide toral/research-intensive institution with strong under- We seek applicants with a demonstrated potential for a letter of reference should be submitted to: Dr. Stephen graduate education and focused graduate programs innovative research that is likely to lead to a strong, E. Silliman, Chair, Search Committee on Hydraulics, 156 and research. CMU, an AA/EO institution, strongly and externally funded research program; postdoctoral expe- Fitzpatrick Hall, Department of Civil Engineering and actively strives to increase diversity within its community rience is beneficial. Any applicant specializing in the Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre (see http://www.cmich.edu/aaeo/). study of low temperature geochemical processes oper- Dame, IN 46556 (at [email protected]). Information ating at and near the Earth’s surface will be considered, regarding the Department may be viewed at the GEOLOGY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR but candidates working in geomicrobiology; aqueous Department’s Web site www.nd.edu/~cegeos. UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT MARTIN geochemistry; climate change; sediment-, soil- or rock- Geology. Assistant Professor tenure-track position HARD ROCK & INTRODUCTORY GEOLOGY CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING water interactions; or the contamination of soil and water beginning August 2005. Ph.D. in Geology is required, TENURE TRACK, EARLHAM COLLEGE are preferred. The successful candidate will be expected however individuals who are ABD will be considered. The Geosciences Department at Earlham College to teach an undergraduate course in geochemistry, offer Potential candidates must demonstrate an ability to invites applications for a tenure track assistant profes- graduate level courses in their specialty, and contrib- teach structural geology, igneous/metamorphic petrol- sor position in the general area hard-rock geology. ute to the Department’s non-major course offerings. ogy, and mineralogy. Evidence of an ability to teach Responsibilities include instruction or co-instruction of Information regarding the Department can be found at effectively in English is required. The primary responsi- introductory geology courses and some combination of http://www.colorado.edu/GeolSci/. bilities include the teaching of introductory-level geology alternate-year upper-class courses in structural geology Applicants should send a current CV, statements of courses, advanced undergraduate courses depending and tectonics, igneous and metamorphic petrology, and teaching and research interests, and the names of at upon the applicant’s field of specialty, and associated two additional topics such as mineralogy, Earth history, least three potential references to: Chair, Geochemist laboratory sections. The successful applicant will also an off-campus May term field course, or another subject Search, Department of Geological Sciences, University be expected to develop a research program involving appropriate to a modern comprehensive undergradu- of Colorado, 399 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0399. undergraduates and to participate in geoscience educa- ate geoscience major program. Geoscience faculty Inquiries for additional information should be directed

44 JANUARY 2005, GSA TODAY members also participate in the geology senior seminar Opportunities for Graduate Study in Geology at cants. We offer opportunities to do research in the areas of and supervise independent research projects. Faculty Kent State University. The Department of Geology at Hydrology, Lacustrine Processes, Extreme Environments, research that involves students is strongly encouraged Kent State University, composed of sixteen full-time Paleoclimatology, Geochronology, Quaternary Geology, at Earlham, and faculty members have opportunities to faculty, seeks motivated students for graduate study in Clastic Sedimentology, Mineralogy, Organic Geochemistry, lead domestic and foreign off-campus study programs. Geology in the general areas of: Earth Evolution, Earth Stable Isotope Geochemistry, Hydrogeochemistry, The strongest candidates will have a completed PhD, Surface Processes, Engineering Geology, or Tectonics. Synchrotron Radiation Studies, Petrology, Geodynamics, college teaching experience, and strong commitment Interdisciplinary research opportunities are also avail- Paleontology, Paleoecology, Landscape Statistics, Plate to undergraduate teaching in a liberal arts atmosphere. able through the Kent State University Water Resources Tectonics and Marine Geophysics. Students have access Duties for this position begin August 2005. Research Institute (http://dept.kent.edu/wrri/). Graduate to state-of-the-art analytical equipment. We are located in Interested candidates should submit curricu- stipends are awarded on a competitive basis with roll- a vibrant urban neighborhood, close to mass transit and lum vitae, a letter discussing their qualifications and ing admission. While applications are evaluated con- all that the great city of Chicago has to offer. Application names and addresses of at least three references to: tinuously, to receive full consideration for financial sup- deadline is February 1. For more information (includ- CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Dr. Jon Branstrator, Search Convener, Geosciences port, they must be received by February 15 for August ing application procedures), visit our website at http:// Department, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374. admission. Applications may be submitted to Kent State www.uic.edu/depts/geos/ or contact Dr. Peter Doran at Applications will be review as received. Visit the col- University online at: http://dept.kent.edu/geology/gradu- [email protected]. lege and department web sites at http://www.earlham. ate/gradapp.html. edu. Earlham eagerly solicits applications from African For complete information regarding faculty research Research/Teaching Assistantships, Graduate Americans and other ethnic minorities, women, and interests and the graduate program, please see our Program of Hydrologic Sciences, University of Quakers. website (http://dept.kent.edu/geology/) or contact Nevada, Reno. Applications are encouraged for gradu- the graduate coordinator, Dr. Rodney Feldmann. The ate teaching/research assistantships beginning July Department of Geology offers a comprehensive course 1, 2005. Positions carry an annual stipend of approxi- Opportunities for Students of study leading to the M.S. or Ph.D. degree. Emphasis mately $17,000–$18,000 as well as health insurance is placed on research designed not only to advance the and a tuition waiver. Students interested in the area of Hydrologic Science Opportunities for Ph.D. and M.S. understanding of the geological sciences, but also to ground water, surface water and aqueous geochemistry New Mexico Tech is offering Ph.D. and M.S. Research solve societal problems. are encouraged to apply. Additionally, funded assistant- Assistantships to graduate students interested in ground ships are available in contaminant transport and water- water hydrology, vadose zone hydrology, surface water Ph.D. Student Assistantships. Oregon State and shed hydrology, as well as scholarships and doctoral fel- hydrology, karst hydrology, contaminant hydrology, Portland State Universities are offering ten Ph.D. lowships offered through UNR and the Desert Research and related research areas. The Hydrology Program research assistantships to explore all aspects of the Institute. Completed application packages are due at New Mexico Tech is one of the nation’s largest and Earth’s subsurface microbial biosphere. Tuition and January 10, 2005, and should be mailed to: University strongest programs in hydrology research and educa- stipend are provided by the NSF IGERT program and the of Nevada, Reno, Graduate Program of Hydrologic tion. Eight full-time faculty and six adjunct faculty allow two universities. Students will work in interdisciplinary Sciences, Mail Stop 175, LMR 267, Reno, NV 89557- us to offer more than 20 different courses in hydrology. teams of engineers, oceanographers, microbiologists, 0180. Information on assistantships and fellowships Students with backgrounds in hydrology, hydrogeology, microbial ecologists, geologists, soil scientists, and in the Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Program can be ecohydrology, geology, geochemistry, geophysics, civil chemists to solve environmental problems, to under- found at www.hydro.unr.edu or by calling 775-784-6250. and environmental engineering, biology, geomicrobiol- stand global chemical cycles, and to determine the ogy, forestry, chemistry, physics, or mathematics are impact of subsurface microorganisms on surface eco- Graduate Assistantships and Fellowships encouraged to apply. For more information contact: Dr. systems. More information can be found at: http:// University of Kentucky. The Department of Geological Brian McPherson at [email protected] or 505-835-5259. oregonstate.edu/dept/igert, or Martin R. Fisk, College Sciences at the University of Kentucky has assistant- Additional information and application procedures may of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State ships and fellowships available for the 2005–2006 aca- be accessed at www.ees.nmt.edu/Hydro. University, [email protected] Students from demic year for M.S. and Ph.D. students. All awards all scientific backgrounds are encouraged to apply to include tuition and health insurance. The department NASA Planetary Biology Internships. The Marine departments represented by IGERT faculty at either has 11 regular faculty and 15 adjunct or cross-appointed Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, institution. U.S. citizens or permanent residents can faculty, including staff at the Kentucky Geological Survey invites applications from graduate students and seniors be supported by IGERT funds however students of all and the Center for Applied Energy Research. Research accepted to graduate programs for rewards of $2800 nations can participate in the program. Review of appli- specializations include tectonics, sedimentary and coal plus travel to participate in research in NASA centers cations starts 1/15/05. Oregon State and Portland State geology, geophysics, geochemistry, hydrogeology, and and collaborating institutions for approximately 8 weeks. Universities are committed to equality in education. igneous and metamorphic petrology. Facilities include Typical intern programs include: global ecology, remote UK’s Environmental Research and Teaching Laboratory, sensing, microbial ecology, biomineralization, and origin Ph.D. and M.S. Opportunities in Earth and the Kentucky Seismic and Strong-Motion Network, elec- and early evolution of life. Application deadline: March Environmental Sciences—University of Illinois at tron microprobe and X-ray diffraction laboratories, and 1, 2005. For information/applications, contact: Michael Chicago. The Department of Earth and Environmental extensive library holdings. UK is located in Lexington, Dolan, Planetary Biology Internship, Department of Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, invites appli- a vibrant community of 260,000. The surrounding area Geosciences, Box 3-5820, University of Massachusetts, cations for graduate admission starting in the Fall 2005 offers a wealth of outdoor and cultural opportunities. Amherst, MA 01003-5820. E-mail: [email protected]. Semester. Financial support through assistantships, For more information, visit www.uky.edu/AS/Geology Tel (413) 545-3223. An equal opportunity/affirmative including tuition waivers, is available to successful appli- or contact Dr. Alan Fryar, Director of Graduate Studies action employer. (859-257-4392 or [email protected]).

GSA TODAY, JANUARY 2005 45 GEOSCIENCE DIRECTORY

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