Operating system

Window 8:

Microsoft is porting basic-applications like the Internet Explorer and Office applications to the new platfrom. The window 8 version will come after 2010 is that,

Date Version

Windows 8 Developer Preview Build 6.2.8102 available to 2011 Sept. public for download

2012 Feb. Windows 8 Consumer Preview, Build 8250 available

2012 Aug. 1 Windows 8 Release To Manufacture, Build 9200

2012 Oct. 26 Windows 8 available on market

2013 Oct. 18 Windows 8.1 available on market

Ubuntu :

Ubuntu is an African world that meaning in English is humanity. Ubuntu introduce on 10-20- 2004 and name is Ubuntu linux,Ubuntu version 4.10 based on and . There are ported versions for the x86, x86 64 and PowerPC architecture.

The next version release in April 2005 was Ubuntu 5.04. The ubuntu version will come after 2010 is that,

Date Version

2004 Oct. Ubuntu 4.10

2005 April Ubuntu 5.04

2006 Oct. Ubuntu 6.10

2007 April Ubuntu 7.04

2008 Oct. Ubuntu 8.10 Desktop and Server Edition

2009 April Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop and Server Edition

2009 Oct. Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop and Server Edition

2010 Aug. Ubuntu 10.04 Desktop and Server Edition

2010 Oct. Ubuntu 10.10 Desktop and Server Edition

2011 April Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop and Server Edition

On 17 July 1993 announced the completion of Slackware version 1.0 in the newsgroup comp.os.linux, interested could download by ftp the installation packages. From the beginning the public Linux standard was considered. As for programs TGZ of archives are used, the preferential surface is KDE. It exist only a text-based Setup. Slackware was ported for Sparc, alpha and x86 of systems. Slackware addresses itself to the experienced user and developers.

Slackware version 12.0 contains the Linux kernel 2.6.21.5 and as graphic interface KDE 3.5.7. The slighter window manager 4.4.1 can alternatively be used. The operating system offers complete support for encrypted network connections with OpenSSL, OpenSSH, OpenVPN and GnuPG. The hardware support is enlarged by PCMCIA, CardBus, USB, IEE 1394 (FireWire) and ACPI.

Date Version

1993 July Slackware 1.0

1994 July Slackware 2.0

1994 Oct. Slackware 2.1

1995 March Slackware 2.2

1995 May Slackware 2.3

1995 Aug. Slackware 3.0

1996 July Slackware 3.1

1997 April Slackware 3.2

1997 July Slackware 3.3, Kernel 2.0.30

1997 Oct. Slackware 3.4, Kernel 2.0.33

1998 Oct. Slackware 3.6, Kernel 2.0.35

1999 May Slackware 3.9, Kernel 2.0.37pre10

1999 May Slackware 4.0, Kernel 2.2.7

1999 Oct. Slackware 7.0, Kernel 2.2.13

2000 June Slackware 7.1, Kernel 2.2.16

2001 June Slackware 8.0, Kernel 2.2.19

2002 June Slackware 8.1, Kernel 2.4.18

2002 Aug. Slackware 9.0beta, Kernel 2.4.19 based on gcc 3.2

Slackware 10, Kernel 2.4.26 2.6.1 3.2.3 2004 June X11R6.7

2005 Feb. Slackware 10.1

2006 Oct. Slackware 11

2007 July Slackware 12

2008 May Slackware 12.1

2008 Dec. Slackware 12.2

2009 Aug. Slackware 13.0

2010 May Slackware 13.1

2011 April Slackware 13.37

Android:

The android operating system based on the linux kernel,android is a software stack that include an operating system,middleware and applications.

Phone/Tablets:

There was previously two flavours of the platform.one targeted for small screens mainly mobile phones. There are two platform that have been merged to a versatile and uniform platform

1."Ice Cream Sandwich", which has been released in October 2011. It combines "Gingerbread" and "Honeycomb" versions in a cohesive platform for tablets and phones at the same time.

2. The latest version of the platform is now jelly bean Android. It focuses on speed and graphics smoothness of the operating system, while enabling new applications like Google Beam, etc. The following comparison of the chart lists, the main differences between each version of the android platform using the change log of each version.

This comparison table as accurate as possible. Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Dial pad auto-complete OpenGL for 2013 18 1.5 % Photo Sphere enhancements Embedded Jul 24 Camera app UI updated Systems 3.0 4K resolution support graphics support Ability to create restricted Logging and profiles for tablets analyzing Hebrew and Arabic right-to- enhancements left (RTL) support Wi-Fi scanning Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) API support Improved DRM Bluetooth Audio/Video (digital rights Remote Control Profile management) API (AVRCP) 1.3 support VP8 encoding Security and performance enhancements Android 4.4 KitKat 2013 19 Oct 15 Android Jelly Bean Allow toggling Wi-Fi and Secure USB 2013 17 10.6 %

4.2.2 Bluetooth state in Quick debugging (allow Feb 11 (4.2 - Settings using long-press debugging to 4.2.2) Shows the percentage and authenticated Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share estimated time remaining in computers only) the active download notifications Wireless charging and low battery sounds changed Gallery app updated for faster loading with new image transition Performance enhancements and bug fixes (Bluetooth A2DP audio streaming fix...) Android Jelly Bean Fix missing december bug in 2012 17 10.6 %

4.2.1 the People app Nov (4.2 - Add support for Bluetooth 27 4.2.2) gamepads and joysticks HID devices

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Lockscreen widgets vsync timing 2012 17 10.6 % 360 degree images with Triple buffering Nov (4.2 - Photo Sphere reduced touch 13 4.2.2) Gesture Typing, for faster latency typing CPU input boost Wireless display with Native RTL Miracast support - mirrors Daydream to display the display from information when idle or manifest prop docked External display Multi-user for tablets support - Display Manager Nested fragments Renderscript Compute - run tasks on the GPU (supported devices) Renderscript ScriptGroups, built-in intrinsics like blur, FilterScript is a subset of Renderscript made for high performance Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share image processing Android Jelly Bean Enable Home screen rotation 2012 16 36.5 %

4.1.2 Fix bugs and enhance Oct 9 (4.1 - performances 4.1.2) Android Jelly Bean Fix a bug on screen 2012 16 36.5 %

4.1.1 orientation Jul 23 (4.1 - 4.1.2)

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Google Now app stack 2012 16 36.5 % ( http://youtu.be/pPqliPzHYy navigation to Jul 9 (4.1 - c ) define a parent 4.1.2) Voice Search activity in Speed enhancements manifest for deep Camera app improvements navigation Accessibility: gesture mode, MediaActionSoun enable braille external d class to make keyboards... sounds like when a camera takes a photo NFC supports large payloads over bluetooth WIFI/WIFI-Direct service discovery Large, detailed, multi-action notifications Input manager allows you to query input devices Android Ice Cream stability improvements 2012 15 20.6 %

4.0.4 Sandwich better camera performance Mar (4.0.3 - smoother screen rotation 28 4.0.4) Android Ice Cream Social stream API in Contacts 2011 15 20.6 %

4.0.3 Sandwich provider to show updates Dec (4.0.3 - associated to your contacts 16 4.0.4) Video stabilization and QVGA video resolution API access Accessibility API refinements for screen readers Calendar provider updates Android Ice Cream Minor fixes 2011 14 0 % Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share

4.0.2 Sandwich Nov 28 Android 4.0 Ice Cream New lock screen actions Low-level 14 0 % Sandwich Improved text input and streaming spell-checking multimedia Control over network data (Khronos Email app supports EAS v14 OpenMAX AL WI-FI direct Grid Layout BlueTooth Health Device Spell checking Profile service Address Space Layout Randomization VPN client API Remote Device camera enable/disable ZSL exposure, continuous focus, and image zoom Flags to help control system ui elements like system bar from apps Android Ice Cream Facial recognition (Face 2011 14 0 %

4.0.1 Sandwich Unlock) Oct 19 UI use Hardware acceleration Better voice recognition (dictating/Voice typing) Web browser, allows up to 16 tabs Updated launcher (customizable) Android Beam app to exchange data through NFC Android Honeycom Minor fixes 2012 13 0.1 %

3.2.6 b Feb 15 (3.2 - 3.2.6) Android Honeycom Added "Pay as you go" for 2011 13 0.1 %

3.2.4 b tablets Dec (3.2 - 15 3.2.6) Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share Android Honeycom Minor fixes 2011 13 0.1 %

3.2.2 b Sep 30 (3.2 - 3.2.6) Android Honeycom Android Market updates 2011 13 0.1 %

3.2.1 b including easier automatic Sep 20 (3.2 - updates 3.2.6) Google Books updates Wi-Fi improvements Chinese handwriting prediction improved

Android 3.2 Honeycom Optimizations for a wider Extended API for 2011 13 0.1 % b range of tablets managing screens Jul 15 (3.2 - Compatibility display mode support 3.2.6) (zoom for fixed-sized apps) Media sync from SD card New resource qualifiers for screens support New manifest attributes for screen-size compatibility Screen compatibility mode which allows for phone apps to appear as if they were still on a phone Honeycomb UI improvements 2011 12 0 % Android 3.1 Open Accessory API May 10 USB host API Mice, joysticks, gamepads... support Resizable Home screen widgets MTP notifications RTP API for audio Honeycomb Multi core support contextual action bar 2011 11 0 % Android 3.0 Better tablet support Fragments first Feb 22 Updated 3D UI introduced(support library now supports customizable homescreens it as well) recent applications viewing Hardware-accelerated redone keyboard layout 2D graphics Media/Picture transport protocol Renderscript 3D Google Talk video chat graphics engine Google eBooks Pluggable DRM "Private browsing" framework System-wide Clipboard device administration Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share HTTP Live streaming High performance Animation Framework RTP streaming API Forced rendering of layers High performance WIFI lock Vew network traffic stats ADTS AAC and FLAC audio LRU cache Android 2.3. Gingerbread Voice or video chat using Google Open Accessory API 2011 10 28.5 % Talk May 10 (2.3.3 - 4 2.3.7) Android Gingerbread Google Wallet support for the 10 28.5 % Nexus S 4G (2.3.3 - 2.3.7 2.3.7) Android Gingerbread Voice search issue fixed 10 28.5 % (2.3.3 - 2.3.6 2.3.7) Android Gingerbread Improved network performance for 2011 10 28.5 % the Nexus S 4G Jul 25 (2.3.3 - 2.3.5 Fixed Bluetooth issues on the 2.3.7) Samsung Galaxy S Gmail app. improvements Android Gingerbread NFC API 2011 10 28.5 % improvements (peer Feb 9 (2.3.3 - 2.3.3 to peer 2.3.7) communication...) added unsecure bluetooth sockets Gingerbread Updated UI performance - 2010 9 0 % (2.3 Android 2.3 Improved keyboard ease of use concurrent garbage Dec 6 - 2.3.2) Improved copy/paste collection, faster Improved power management event distribution, Social networking features updated video drivers Near Field Communication support NDK - Native Asset Native VoIP/SIP support Manager, Native Video call support Activities + event handling, khronos api audio effects api VP8, WebM, AAC, AMR wideband Multiple camera sensor support strictmode debugging media framework replaces OpenCore Froyo Speed improvements 2010 8 2.2 % Android 2.2 JIT implementation May 20 (2.2) USB Tethering Applications installation to the Version Key user features added Key developer Releas API Androi name features added e date Leve d l market share expandable memory Upload file support in the browser Animated GIFs Éclair Updated UI 2010 7 0 % Android 2.1 Jan 12

Macintosh: Apple’s iPhone Operating System previously known as the iPhone Operating System. Now a day it is known as operating system .it has come a long way – 6 and a half years in the making for 6 generations of iPhones, together with multiple generations of iPods, and iPods. If you’re someone who started out with an iPhone 4 and not know what came before that, then take a trip with us down memory lane to check out the Operating System . The Birth Of The iPhone 2007 history of Apple’s iOS and the features that were introduced in previous WWDC events.

iPhone Operating System1: app Store 2008 iPhone Operating System2: iphone Enhancements 2009 iPhone Operating System3: Multitasking, Retina & FaceTime 2010

Recent users probably cannot fathom the idea that iOS could not multitask apps at a point in time. Lucky for them, iOS 4 was when the multitasking bar was born. With this multitasking feature, apps could work in the background allowing users to switch between apps faster, with its previously saved state intact. Other music apps other than the native music app could also work in the background too. Apple also introduced app folders, custom wallpapers to replace the black background for the homescreen, FaceTime and Retina support for the iPhone 4. Moving from the iPhone 3GS screen to Retina was a big deal as developers had to make apps look good on high-resolution screens. They also introduced a unified Inbox on the native Mail app for users with multiple email accounts, a less cluttered Inbox with threaded emails, the ability to search text on the Messages app and geotagging photos.

WiFi tethering or Personal Hotspot as we now know was also included in later updates of iOS 4. That together with Game Center, AirPrint and AirPlay were released in the first quarter of 2011.

iPhone Operating System 5: Notification Center, Siri & More 2011 iOS 5 was the most impressive update Apple came out with in 2011. The iPhone 4 was already a big hit with its Retina display, that together with the features of iOS 5 blew away any competition. Apple marketed Siri as an iPhone 4S feature. It was (still) a big hit, bringing voice assistance and information to your fingertips instantly, with voice Remember when notifications used to be a mini window right in your face? Well, Apple also released the Notification Center and the sleek notification bar, giving you the choice to interact with the notification while using an app.

The lockscreen also saw improvements with lockscreen notifications where you can quickly swipe the app icon to open the app, and launch the camera app from the lockscreen, like you can do now. nition. iCloud was also released, making backups and setting up new iOS devices easy.

iPhone Operating System 5: Apple Maps & Passbook 2012

Before iOS 7 is released to users, this is the OS where most of us are right now. iOS 6 was where we saw the release of Apple’s own Maps app with turn-by-turn voice navigation. As they tried to step out from shadow, they removed the native Maps and YouTube app found in previous versions of iOS. However, Apple’s Maps failed on them and many looked was re-released on the App Store Black berry:

30th January new blackberry 10 operating system will be launged

2010 the social revolution comes to blackberry

In 2010 RIM launged the 6 version of its operating system.which boasted among its new features an improved browser with tabbed navigation ;integrated system search ;social networking notification (FM’twitter blackberry linked etc ) and a native you tube app 2011: minor tweaks

Blackberry operating system of the version that to day blackberry devices are armed with at least until blackberry 10 rolls out .the new addition in respect to version 6 were FM radio a tool for creating wifi hotspots ,NFC support 2013 :blackberry 10-RIM,s resurgence

Blackberry 10 will deliver a fresher revamped ui bringing wholesale changes made to the way user’s interact with their blackberry devices .it could be RIM’s last chance to stay in touch with the competition in the smart phone wear .

Mac Systems: By Capability: Maximum Supported Version of Mac OS X The maximum version of Mac OS X supported by each G3 and later Mac is below. For complete specs on a particular system, click on the name of the Mac (left column). For all Macs that are compatible with a specifc maximum supported version of Mac OS X -- courtesy of EveryMac.com's Ultimate Mac Sort -- click the OS of interest (right column). Systems with "Current" support the latest version of OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion." Note that systems marked "Current*" (Current and an asterisk) also are capable of running OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion" but with limitations. Systems with other OS versions listed and an asterisk are capable of running the version of the operating system (but no higher) and with limitations. See the specs page for a particular model for details.

The first personal computer version of DOS, called PC-DOS, was developed for IBM by Bill Gates and his new Microsoft Corporation. He retained the rights to market a Microsoft version, called MS-DOS. PC-DOS and MS-DOS are almost identical and most users have referred to either of them as just "DOS." DOS was (and still is) a non-graphical line-oriented command- or menu- driven operating system, with a relatively simple interface but not overly "friendly" . The first Microsoft Windows operating system was really an application that ran on top of the MS-DOS operating system. Today, Windows operating systems continue to support DOS (or a DOS-like user interface) for special purposes by emulating the operating system.

In the 1970s before the personal computer was invented, IBM had a different and unrelated DOS (Disk Operating System) that ran on smaller business computers.