Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Ancient Egypt
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The Valley of the Kings Is Located on the Western Bank of the Nile, Near the Ancient City of Thebes (Now Luxor)
The The Valley of the Kings by Alana Where is the Valley of the Kings? The Valley of the Kings is located on the Western bank of the Nile, near the ancient city of Thebes (now Luxor). The map shows the location of The Valley of the Kings The valley of the kings is the burial ground for many Egyptian Pharaohs. Who else was buried here? The first Pharaoh to be buried in the Valley of the Kings was Tuthmosis I. Over the next 500 years many more Pharaohs were buried here including many of the Rameses (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X), Hatshepsut, Amenhotep I, and Tutankhamun. When did Queen Hatshepsut reign? Queen Hatshepsut reigned from 1472-1458 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut Tutankhamun Biography of Howard Carter Howard Carter was born on 9th May 1874 in Kensington, London. When he was 17 years old, Carter worked in Egypt as an archaeological artist. He Burial Mask produced drawings and diagrams of important Tutankhamun’s Tomb Ancient Egyptian finds and sites for the Egypt Tutankhamun was more commonly known as King Tut. Exploration Fund. In 1907, Lord Carnarvon He was born Tutankhaten in 1341BC. He was the son of hired Howard Carter to lead an excavation of an Pharaoh Arkenaten. Tut was made Pharaoh at the age of Ancient Egyptian tomb. On 4th November 1922, a 9, after his father’s death. Tut changed back some of the laws his father had stone step was discovered in the sand. passed and changed his name to Tutankhamun. This led to the tomb of Tutankhamun. -
Tutankhamun's Dentition: the Pharaoh and His Teeth
Brazilian Dental Journal (2015) 26(6): 701-704 ISSN 0103-6440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300431 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Tutankhamun’s Dentition: Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany The Pharaoh and his Teeth 2Institute of Egyptology/Egyptian Museum Georg Steindorff, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 3Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Niels Christian Pausch1, Franziska Naether2, Karl Friedrich Krey3 Correspondence: Dr. Niels Christian Pausch, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Tel: +49- 341-97-21160. e-mail: niels. [email protected] Tutankhamun was a Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty (New Kingdom) in ancient Egypt. Medical and radiological investigations of his skull revealed details about the jaw and teeth status of the mummy. Regarding the jaw relation, a maxillary prognathism, a mandibular retrognathism and micrognathism have been discussed previously. A cephalometric analysis was performed using a lateral skull X-ray and a review of the literature regarding Key Words: Tutankhamun’s King Tutankhamun´s mummy. The results imply diagnosis of mandibular retrognathism. dentition, cephalometric analysis, Furthermore, third molar retention and an incomplete, single cleft palate are present. mandibular retrognathism Introduction also been discussed (11). In 1922, the British Egyptologist Howard Carter found the undisturbed mummy of King Tutankhamun. The Case Report spectacular discovery enabled scientists of the following In the evaluation of Tutankhamun’s dentition and jaw decades to analyze the Pharaoh's remains. The mummy alignment, contemporary face reconstructions and coeval underwent multiple autopsies. Until now, little was artistic images can be of further use. However, the ancient published about the jaw and dentition of the King. -
Key Vocabulary Pyramids Giza Pharaoh Cleopatra Tutankhamun
Science key area of learning: Key Vocabulary Ancient Egyptians: the Identify that humans and some other animals have Key areas of maths learning: skeletons and muscles for support, protection and We will start by looking at Pyramids structures left by mankind movement. timesing 2 digits by 1 digit. How do buildings affect our Understand the importance of maintaining our teeth and We will them move on to look at Giza values and beliefs? look at what will happen if oral hygiene isn’t maintained. money- specifically converting pounds and pence, and adding and Pharaoh subtracting amounts of money. Science working scientifically skill development: Cleopatra Year group 3 We will use straight forward Tutankhamun Our Enquiry for the year is: How does humankind leave its mark upon scientific evidence to answer Unit links to maths learning: the world? key questions and support our Canopic Jars opinions. We will use our multiplication Our Enquiry for this unit is: How do buildings affect our values and We will make systematic and knowledge to build our own Mummification beliefs? careful observations and, where pyramids with different sized bases. appropriate take accurate Sphynx measurements Key areas of English learning: Our Story Afterlife Science knowledge and We will continue to revise some People: the general public understanding: Key elements of writing such as Place: present day - Apostrophes to show worship Problem: An investigation: Why did the Ancient Egyptians possession What makes a balanced diet? build the pyramids? How did their beliefs -
Contents Introduction to the Touch Tour
Contents Introduction to the Touch Tour................................2 Description and plan of Room 4 ............................4 1. Seated statue of Amenhotep III .........................6 2. Lion statue of Amenhotep III ..............................8 3. Sarcophagus ...................................................... 10 4. Statue of King Senwosret III ............................11 5. Left arm from a colossal statue of Amenhotep III .......................................................... 13 6. Seated statue of the goddess Sekhmet ........14 7. Block statue of Amenhotep ............................. 16 8. Boat sculpture of Queen Mutemwia ............. 18 9. Colossal scarab beetle .................................... 20 1 Introduction to the Touch Tour This tour of the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery is a specially designed Touch Tour for visitors with sight difficulties. This guide gives you information about nine highlight objects in Room 4 that you are able to explore by touch. The Touch Tour is also available to download as an audio guide from the Museum’s website: britishmuseum.org/egyptiantouchtour If you require assistance, please ask the staff on the Information Desk in the Great Court to accompany you to the start of the tour. The sculptures are arranged broadly chronologically, and if you follow the tour sequentially, you will work your way gradually from one end of the gallery to the other moving through time. Each sculpture on your tour has a Touch Tour symbol beside it and a number. 2 Some of the sculptures are very large so it may be possible only to feel part of them and/or you may have to move around the sculpture to feel more of it. If you have any questions or problems, do not hesitate to ask a member of staff. -
Who Was Who at Amarna
1 Who was Who at Amarna Akhenaten’s predecessors Amenhotep III: Akhenaten’s father, who ruled for nearly 40 years during the peak of Egypt’s New Kingdom empire. One of ancient Egypt’s most prolific builders, he is also known for his interest in the solar cult and promotion of divine kingship. He was buried in WV22 at Thebes, his mummy later cached with other royal mummies in the Tomb of Amenhotep II (KV 35) in the Valley of the Kings. Tiye: Amenhotep III’s chief wife and the mother of Akhenaten. Her parents Yuya and Tjuyu were from the region of modern Akhmim in Egypt’s south. She may have lived out her later years at Akhetaten and died in the 14th year of Akhenaten’s reign. Funerary equipment found in the Amarna Royal Tomb suggests she was originally buried there, although her mummy was later moved to Luxor and is perhaps to be identified as the ‘elder lady’ from the KV35 cache. Akhenaten and his family Akhenaten: Son and successor of Amenhotep III, known for his belief in a single solar god, the Aten. He spent most of his reign at Akhetaten (modern Amarna), the sacred city he created for the Aten. Akhenaten died of causes now unknown in the 17th year of his reign and was buried in the Amarna Royal Tomb. His body was probably relocated to Thebes and may be the enigmatic mummy recovered in the early 20th century in tomb KV55 in the Valley of the Kings. Nefertiti: Akhenaten’s principal queen. Little is known of her background, although she may also have come from Akhmim. -
Amenhotep III [Christian BAYER]
Collection Aegyptiaca Leodiensia 12 TUTANKHAMUN DISCOVERING THE FORGOTTEN PHARAOH Catalogue edited by Simon Connor and Dimitri Laboury Exhibition organized at the Europa Expo space TGV train station “Les Guillemins” Liège, 14th December 2019 – 30th August 2020 Presses Universitaires de Liège 2020 The exhibition “Tutankhamun. Discovering the EUROPA EXPO scrl-fs Forgotten Pharaoh” was produced by the scrl-fs Europa President: Karl-Heinz Lambertz Expo and realised by the non-profit organisation Collections & Patrimoines. Administrators: Anne Faway-Reul, Marie Kupper, Laurence Schyns and René Schyns Managing Director: Alain Mager Commissioner: René Schyns Curators: Dimitri Laboury and Simon Connor COLLECTIONS & PATRIMOINES asbl Managing Director: Alain Mager President: René Schyns Operational and financial management: Marie Kupper Administrators: Claude Dedye, Charlotte Ferrara, Michel Technical Director: Agostinho da Cunha Konen, Guy Lemaire, Christian Merland and Jean-Claude Phlypo Human Resources Department and ticketing: Rosabella Sanchez Managing Director: Alain Mager Scientific Committee: Jean-Michel Bruffaerts, Simon LENDING INSTITUTIONS Connor, Alisée Devillers, Pierre Hallot, Dimitri Laboury, Hugues Tavier, Claudia Venier Germany – Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum Conception: Dimitri Laboury, Simon Connor, Alix – Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum – Baden State Nyssen, Guy Lemaire, René Schyns Museum Artistic direction: Christian Merland, Sophie Meurisse, – Tübingen, Ägyptische Sammlung der Eberhard Karls Geneviève Schyns -
Tutankhamun and Ramses II
Tutankhamun and Ramses II Tutankhamun and Ramses II were two of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom; they built magnificent monuments, temples, and tombs. Figure 1: Tutankhamun and Ramses II were two of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom; they built magnificent monuments, temples, and tombs Tutankhamun’s burial chamber contained beautiful works of art, text and hieroglyphics. Popularly referred to as “King Tut,” Tutankhamun was a boy-king of the 18th dynasty who ruled from around 1332 BC – 1323 BC. As part of his religious restoration of the god Amun, Tutankhamun initiated the building of many monuments and temples dedicated to Amun at Thebes and Karnak. Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings was discovered almost completely intact, making it the most complete ancient Egyptian royal tomb ever found. Relics from his tomb are among the most traveled artifacts in the world. Ramses II, a pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, is often regarded as the greatest pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire and is known for his construction of cities, temples and monuments. Using art as a means of self-promotion, Ramses erected colossal statues of himself and illustrated his victories over foreigners on numerous temple reliefs. Among his most famous works are the capital city of Pi-Ramesses which was built at his command; the archaeological complex of Abu Simbel; and his mortuary temple known as the Ramesseum. Note: A relief is a type of artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people. -
WHO WAS WHO AMONG the ROYAL MUMMIES by Edward F
THE oi.uchicago.edu ORIENTAL INSTITUTE NEWS & NOTES NO. 144 WINTER 1995 ©THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WHO WAS WHO AMONG THE ROYAL MUMMIES By Edward F. Wente, Professor, The Oriental Institute and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations The University of Chicago had an early association with the mummies. With the exception of the mummy of Thutmose IV, royal mummies, albeit an indirect one. On the Midway in the which a certain Dr. Khayat x-rayed in 1903, and the mummy area in front of where Rockefeller Chapel now stands there of Amenhotep I, x-rayed by Dr. Douglas Derry in the 1930s, was an exhibit of the 1893 World Columbian Exposition known none of the other royal mummies had ever been radiographed as "A Street in Cairo." To lure visitors into the pavilion a plac until Dr. James E. Harris, Chairman of the Department of Orth ard placed at the entrance displayed an over life-sized odontics at the University of Michigan, and his team from the photograph of the "Mummy of Rameses II, the Oppressor of University of Michigan and Alexandria University began x the Israelites." Elsewhere on the exterior of the building were raying the royal mummies in the Cairo Museum in 1967. The the words "Royal Mummies Found Lately in Egypt," giving inadequacy of Smith's approach in determining age at death the impression that the visitor had already been hinted at by would be seeing the genuine Smith in his catalogue, where mummies, which only twelve he indicated that the x-ray of years earlier had been re Thutmose IV suggested that moved by Egyptologists from a this king's age at death might cache in the desert escarpment have been older than his pre of Deir el-Bahri in western vious visual examination of the Thebes. -
Knowledge Organiser for Year 3/4 (History)
Knowledge Organiser for Year 3/4 (History) Key idea: ANCIENT EGYPT Tier 3 Vocabulary KNOWLEDGE ITEM 1 – Where is Egypt? Canopic Jars Special jars that held the organs of a mummy including the lungs, intestines, liver and stomach Egyptologist An archaeologist who focuses on Ancient Egypt. Mummification The process of preserving a body after death in preparation for the afterlife. Papyrus A plant that grew on the banks of the Nile. It was used as an early version of paper. Pharaoh The supreme ruler of all of Ancient Egypt. Sarcophagus A large stone box that held a mummy’s coffin, often richly decorated for Pharaohs. Pyramids Ancient pyramid shaped stone structures built as tombs for the Pharaohs. Afterlife The place Egyptians believed they would go after they died. Tier 2 Vocabulary KNOWLEDGE ITEM 2 – Language and Communication Dynasty The Ancient Egyptians used picture A period of rule when a series of leaders all come words and symbols to write. These are from the same family. called hieroglyphics. It is a very old form Tomb of writing that started being used as A large vault, typically an underground one, for early as 3500 BC. burying the dead. Irrigation Cartouche The supply of water to land or crops to help them An oval carved tablet engraved with a royal name in grow. hieroglyphics. KEY DATES (approximate) 7500 BC – First settlers in Nile valley 3500 BC – First use of hieroglyphics 2550 BC – Pyramids at Giza built Rosetta Stone 1336 BC – Tutankhamun becomes pharaoh The Rosetta Stone is a broken part of a 332 BC – Alexander the Great conquers Egypt bigger stone slab. -
Nefertiti, Devonia, Michael by Ancient Art Podcast on Monday, July 6, 2009 at 8:04Pm
Episode 22: Nefertiti, Devonia, Michael by Ancient Art Podcast on Monday, July 6, 2009 at 8:04pm Complete transcript of podcast by Lucas Livingston, an Egyptologist associated with the Art Institute of Chicago, which discusses Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline and Miscegenated Family Album in detail. Also a YouTube video with high-quality images. **** Transcript On October 31, 1980 at Just Above Midtown Gallery in New York City, artist Lorraine O'Grady, dressed in a long red robe, debuted her new work of performance art. On a dark stage with a slideshow backdrop and dramatic recorded narration, O'Grady enacted hypnotic, ritualized motions, like the priestess of an ancient mystery cult, incanting magicks over vessels of sacred sand and offerings blessings of protection to the projected images of the Ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti and her late sister Devonia Evangeline O'Grady Allen. In the piece entitled Nefertiti/Devonia Evangeline, Lorraine O'Grady confronted her relationship with her sister through the lens of Nefertiti and Nefertiti's own apparent sister, Mutnedjmet -- a relationship which O'Grady felt would have been equally troubled. O'Grady's sister Devonia tragically died just a few short weeks after the two of them had finally begun speaking after many years of a strained relationship. Inspired two years later after a trip to Egypt, O'Grady began researching Queen Nefertiti and her famed family of the Amarna Period. While in Egypt, O'Grady encountered a new found feeling of belonging -- as the artist says in her own words, "surrounded for the first time by people who looked like me" (Art Journal 56:4, Winter 1997, p. -
Illuminating the Path of Darkness
ILLUMINATING THE PATH OF DARKNESS: Social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Meghan E. Strong Girton College University of Cambridge January 2018 Illuminating the path of darkness: social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt Meghan E. Strong ABSTRACT Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials- based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology. -
The Gazelle in Ancient Egyptian Art Image and Meaning
Uppsala Studies in Egyptology - 6 - Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Uppsala University For my parents Dorrit and Hindrik Åsa Strandberg The Gazelle in Ancient Egyptian Art Image and Meaning Uppsala 2009 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in the Auditorium Minus of the Museum Gustavianum, Uppsala, Friday, October 2, 2009 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Strandberg, Åsa. 2009. The Gazelle in Ancient Egyptian Art. Image and Meaning. Uppsala Studies in Egyptology 6. 262 pages, 83 figures. Published by the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University. xviii +262 pp. ISSN 1650-9838, ISBN 978-91-506-2091-7. This thesis establishes the basic images of the gazelle in ancient Egyptian art and their meaning. A chronological overview of the categories of material featuring gazelle images is presented as a background to an interpretation. An introduction and review of the characteristics of the gazelle in the wild are presented in Chapters 1-2. The images of gazelle in the Predynastic material are reviewed in Chapter 3, identifying the desert hunt as the main setting for gazelle imagery. Chapter 4 reviews the images of the gazelle in the desert hunt scenes from tombs and temples. The majority of the motifs characteristic for the gazelle are found in this context. Chapter 5 gives a typological analysis of the images of the gazelle from offering processions scenes. In this material the image of the nursing gazelle is given particular importance. Similar images are also found on objects, where symbolic connotations can be discerned (Chapter 6).