Jesus and the Gospel Message SAMPLE Sessions in This Unit

UNIT 1 Jesus and the Gospel Message SAMPLE Sessions in this unit:

ӹӹ Session 1: Divine Revelation ӹӹ Session 5: Jesus’ Life, Passion, Death, ӹӹ Session 2: The Old Testament and and Resurrection the New Testament ӹӹ Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew ӹӹ Session 3: The Stages of Gospel ӹӹ Session 7: The Gospel of Mark Formation ӹӹ Session 8: The Gospel of Luke ӹӹ Session 4: The Incarnation ӹӹ Session 9: The Gospel of John

1 Unit at a Glance

Connections to the Catechism of the Catholic Church:

Session 1 Session 5 Session 7 ӹӹ 26-35, 80-95, 101-133 ӹӹ 541-542, 604-605, 608- ӹӹ 125-129, 515, 1965 611, 613-618, 639-655, Session 2 774 Session 8 ӹӹ 120-130 ӹӹ 484-507, 514-534, 683- Session 6 701, 1846-1848 Session 3 ӹӹ 54-65, 103, 125, 128- ӹӹ 83, 126, 128, 139, 515, 129, 436-440, 514, Session 9 1229 543-550, 559, 580, 2816- ӹӹ 125-127 2821 Session 4 ӹӹ 430, 456-497, 522-534

Scriptures studied in this unit: ӹӹ Genesis 12:1-5 ӹӹ Matthew 18:20 ӹӹ John 19 ӹӹ Genesis 22:1-14 ӹӹ Matthew 28:16-20 ӹӹ John 20:11-18 ӹӹ Psalm 139 ӹӹ Luke 1:26-38 ӹӹ John 21:1-19 ӹӹ Matthew 1:1-17 ӹӹ Luke 24:13-51 ӹӹ 2 Timothy 3:16-17 ӹӹ Matthew 1:23 SAMPLEӹӹ John 1:1-5 ӹӹ Revelation 1:8

2 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Catechist Introduction

acred Scripture, the Bible, is the written Interpretation of Scripture record of God’s revelation of Himself. S In order to understand more fully the things God has chosen to make Himself known to God wanted known through Scripture, we must us. From the very beginning He revealed consider how to interpret it authentically. In Himself and His loving plan for us in words her wisdom, the Catholic Church has given us and deeds. He continued this self-revelation three criteria to ensure that our interpretation of throughout Salvation History, culminating in Scripture does not stray from the truth. We must the Incarnation, when God the Son assumed look closely at the content and unity of the whole a human nature in the Person of Jesus Christ. of Scripture, read Scripture within the living In Jesus Christ, God has said all that needs Tradition of the whole Church, and be attentive to be said. He has spoken His one, perfect, to the analogy of the faith, that is, consider the unsurpassable Word and completely revealed entirety of the doctrines and dogmas of the Himself. Church and God’s plan for salvation.

Along with the criteria for interpretation, we Inspiration and Authorship of must consider the various senses or meanings Scripture of the Scripture text. The literal sense is the All of Scripture is inspired by God. This means meaning of the words of Scripture discovered that God, working in and through the Holy by study of the text. The spiritual sense allows Spirit, moved through the human authors of us to understand that, thanks to the unity of Scripture to write what He wanted committed God’s plan, the realities and events the text to writing for the sake of our salvation. describes are themselves signs of our Faith. Therefore, God is the primary author of The spiritual sense is divided into three further Scripture, as He really and truly speaks to us senses: the allegorical, the moral, and the in His Word. This fact in no way diminishes the anagogical. The allegorical sense of Scripture contribution of the human authors to Scripture. refers to how an earlier person, place, thing, or They were true authors, who wrote using idea in Salvation History foreshadows a later their own powers and abilities,SAMPLE and chose the person, place, thing, or idea. This is also called different writing styles, languages, and details typology, or the study of how one thing leaves in each story. Thus, the Bible contains many an imprint on a later thing in Salvation History. styles of writing, including history, poetry, We most often consider this in relation to Jesus fiction, proverbs, and apocalyptic literature. Christ. The moral sense of Scripture refers to Regardless of the writing style or genre, we how the Scripture text teaches us to live rightly. can understand Scripture to contain what we The anagogical sense of Scripture refers to how need to know for the sake of our salvation. And a Scripture text reveals something to us about because God is the primary author, we can be our final destiny, which is Heaven. Keeping in fully confident that Scripture teaches us these mind these senses of Scripture can help us to things solidly, faithfully, and without error. understand the truth of the Faith that God has communicated to us through His Word.

Unit 1 Overview 3 God is the primary author of Scripture, as He really and truly speaks to us in His Word. For this reason, we can be fully confident that Scripture contains what we need to know for the sake of our salvation.

St. Matthew Writing His Gospel, by Carlo Dolci.

Jesus the Messiah God’s divine life within us. The Paschal Mystery Throughout the Old Testament, the Jewish is how Christ’s Passion, Death, and Resurrection people waited in anticipation for the time when saved us from sin and death for new life as sons God would restore His people and fulfill His and daughters of God. The word Paschal refers promises made to Abraham long ago that they back to the original Passover of the Israelites would possess the Promised Land and be a in Egypt. To spare the firstborn of the Israelites great nation, that they would have a dynasty from the final plague of death, God gave the of great kings, and that the world would be Israelites instructions through Moses to blessed through them. In other words, the sacrifice a year-old, unblemished male lamb, to Jewish people were waiting and expecting spread its blood over their doorposts that night, the coming of the Messiah or Christ, the and to roast and eat its flesh in a sacred meal anointed one whom God would send to fulfill that consisted of unleavened bread and wine. If His promises in the Old Testament. Jesus is they followed the instructions of this sacrifice, the Messiah, the Christ, the Anointed One, their homes would be passed over that night who came to redeem God’s people,SAMPLE although and the life of their firstborn spared. This was perhaps in a way different from what people the central saving action of the Exodus. expected. In the New Covenant, Jesus, the Lamb of God, offered Himself as a sacrifice on the Cross. The Paschal Mystery and the New Through His Death, He paid the price for our sins that we could not, freeing us from sin and Covenant death and inviting us to be sons and daughters The Paschal Mystery refers to how Christ’s of God. We participate in Christ’s saving Passion, Death, and Resurrection are the sacrifice when we receive the Eucharist at sacrament of our salvation, the visible sign of Mass, the bread and wine transformed into the God’s grace and truth that actually brings about Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ. We

4 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS experience the Paschal Mystery in our everyday Mark, and Luke are called the synoptic Gospels. lives. Christ’s Resurrection teaches us that our The word synoptic means “to see together.” life is not only sin, suffering, and death. There is These three Gospels “see” the story of Christ’s a greater new life beyond these things. We are life similarly, and even borrow stories and called to receive God’s mercy and salvation in the structure of their Gospels from each the New Covenant in Christ and be His hands other. John’s Gospel is unlike the others and and feet throughout the world to share the is not concerned with telling a chronological Good News of salvation and make God’s mercy account of Christ’s life. Written last, John’s and love known to all. Gospel assumes that his reader is familiar with the other Gospels and is concerned with the deeper theological realities of Christ’s ministry The Gospels and with presenting Jesus as the Incarnate Our primary source of knowledge of Jesus Word of God, who has always existed with Christ is the four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, God. Together, the four Gospels are a reliable Luke, and John. The sacred authors of each historical and theological resource not simply Gospel wrote for a specific audience to for knowledge of Christ, but for encountering communicate a particular essential point of Christ as He is and hearing His Word spoken to view of Jesus, His ministry, and the meaning us, living and effective, as an invitation to enter of His saving actions. The Gospels of Matthew, the Kingdom of God.

SAMPLE

Unit 1 Overview 5 Notes ______

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6 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 1 Divine Revelation

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Faith is both a virtue and a gift that ӹӹ Contemplate Abraham and Mary as requires an informedSAMPLE response. examples of faith. ӹӹ Divine revelation is made up of ӹӹ Read Scripture. Sacred Scripture and Sacred ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of Scripture Tradition. and Tradition. ӹӹ The Magisterium of the Catholic ӹӹ Look at sacred art. Church has been entrusted with ӹӹ Read an excerpt of Dei Verbum. the guarding and handing on of the Deposit of Faith (divine revelation). ӹӹ All Scripture is inspired by God.

Session 1: Divine Revelation 7 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Heroes of Faith: Abraham and Mary (page ӹӹ The Evangelist Matthew Inspired by an 1) Angel (page 6) ӹӹ An Informed Faith: Scripture and Tradition ӹӹ Understanding Divine Inspiration (page (page 3) 7)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Labels or sticky notes ӹӹ Clip from Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade at SophiaOnline.org/IndianaJonesInvisible.

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Divine Revelation: The body of truths revealed to us by God throughout Salvation History. ӹӹ Sacred Scripture: The written record of God’s revelation of Himself. It is the speech of God put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit. The Word of God. ӹӹ Sacred Tradition: The mode of transmission of the Word of God. The Word of God was given to the Apostles by Jesus and the Holy Spirit. The Apostles in turn handed it on to their successors, the bishops. With the help of the Holy Spirit, the Church has kept the Word of God whole and safe over the centuries so we can know and believe in the whole Faith today. Sacred Tradition and SacredSAMPLE Scripture make up a single deposit — or one gift — of the Word of God. We accept and honor Sacred Tradition equally with Sacred Scripture.

Prayer for this session: Jesus, I want to answer your call and become one of your disciples. I want to follow wherever you lead me. Help me not to be afraid to say yes to what you ask of me. Amen.

8 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Write the word faith on the board. Go around the room and ask every student to give you one word or phrase that comes to mind when he or she hears that word. Then ask students to try to come up with a definition of faith. C. Show the movie clip from the invisible-bridge scene in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: SophiaOnline.org/IndianaJonesInvisible. (This clip is a little more of the scene than you will need. You can stop right after Indiana Jones gets across the bridge.) D. Ask the students the following questions after the viewing: ӹӹ What can we take away from this scene? ӹӹ What do you think we can learn about faith based on this scene? EXPLAIN to students that faith is not just a feeling or an emotion. Intellect and will are required for us to submit to faith. Faith is not simply believing in something we can’t see or blindly trusting something that someone made up to explain the world around us. Faith is trusting in something based on a certain amount of evidence. It requires an informed decision.

Activity 1 Heroes of Faith: Abraham and Mary

Directions: Read the Scripture passages below and answer the questions that follow. virgin’s name was Mary. And coming to her, said to the angel, “How can this be, since I he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with have no relations with a man?” And the angel Genesisyou.” 12:1-5 But she was greatly troubled at whatSo Abrahamsaid took to her the in wood reply, for “The the holyburnt Spirit will come A. Have your students turn to Heroes of Faith: offering and laid it on his son Isaac, while The LORDwas said said to Abram:and pondered “Go forth what from sort your of greeting upon you, and the power of the Most High he himself carried the fi re and the knife. As land, yourthis relatives, might be.and Then from theyour angel father’s said to her, “Do will overshadow you. Therefore the child to the two walked on together, Isaac spoke to house to anot land be thatafraid, I will Mary, show for you. you I havewill found favor be born will be called holy, the Son of God. his father Abraham. “Father!” he said. “Here Abraham and Mary (page 1). make of youwith a God.great Behold,nation, andyou willI will conceive bless in your And behold, Elizabeth, your relative, has also I am,” he replied. Isaac continued, “Here are you; I willwomb make andyour bear name a son,great, and so youthat shall you name him conceived a son in her old age, and this is the the fi re and the wood, but where is the sheep will be a blessing.Jesus. He I will bebless great those and who will blessbe called Son sixth month for her who was called barren; for the burnt offering?” “My son,” Abraham you and curseof the those Most who High, curse and theyou. Lord All the God will give for nothing will be impossible for God.” Mary SAMPLE answered, “God will provide the sheep for families ofhim the the earth throne will fiof ndDavid blessing his father, in you.” and he will said, “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. B. Have your students read the stories of Abraham the burnt offering.” Then the two walked Abram wentrule as over the theLORD house directed of Jacob him, forever, and and of May it be done to me according to your word.” on together. When they came to the place Lot went hiswith kingdom him. Abram there was will seventy-fi be no end.” ve But Mary Then the angel departed from her. of which God had told him, Abraham built years old when he left Haran. Abram took an altar there and arranged the wood on it. and Mary from the Scripture on Heroes of his wife Sarai,1. How his brother’sdoes Abraham son Lot, exemplify all the the virtue of faith? ______Next he bound his son Isaac, and put him on possessions that they had accumulated, and ______top of the wood on the altar. Then Abraham the persons they had acquired in Haran, and reached out and took the knife to slaughter they set out for the land of Canaan. Faith: Abraham and Mary. You may read the 2. How does Mary exemplify the virtue hisof faith? son. But ______the angel of the LORD called to ______him from heaven, “Abraham, Abraham!” “Here Genesis 22:1-14 I am,” he answered. “Do not lay your hand on the boy,” said the angel. “Do not do the least Scripture passages aloud as a class or have Some time3. afterward, The Catechism God put calls Abraham Abraham to the Father of Faith. Why is this a fi tting title for him? thing to him. For now I know that you fear the test and said ______to him: “Abraham!” “Here I God, since you did not withhold from me am!” he replied. Then God said: “Take your son ______your son, your only one.” Abraham looked up Isaac, your only one, whom you love, and go students read them silently. and saw a single ram caught by its horns in to the land of Moriah. There offer him up as 4. The Catechism calls Mary the perfectthe embodiment thicket. So of Abraham faith. Why went is thisand atook fi tting the way to a burnt offering on one of the heights that I describe her? ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in will point out to you.” Early the next morning place of his son. Abraham named that place Abraham saddled ______his donkey, took with him Yahweh-yireh; hence people today say, “On C. Arrange students in groups of three or four and two of his servants and his son Isaac, and after ______the mountain the LORD will provide.” cutting the wood for the burnt offering, set out for the place of which God had told him. 5. Faith is not simply a blind leap. How did Abraham and Mary both make informed decisions have them answer the questions at the end of On the third daythat Abraham led them caughtto submit sight to offaith? Luke 1:26-38 the place from ______a distance. Abraham said to In the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was his servants: “Stay here with the donkey, sent from God to a town of Galilee called the reading in their groups. while the boy ______and I go on over there. We Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man will worship and then come back to you.” named Joseph, of the house of David, and the 6. The Catechism says that faith is a gift but also a human act that requires our response. How can it be both? Explain this in light of the examples of Abraham and Mary. D. Then review and discuss the answers to the ______1 ______

questions as a class. 2

Session 1: Divine Revelation 9 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Begin by discussing the following questions with your students: ӹӹ What are some of your favorite family traditions? ӹӹ Can you think of any traditions we have here as a parish community? ӹӹ Can you think of any traditions we have as Americans? ӹӹ How did you come to learn about these traditions? ӹӹ How are traditions upheld and protected? ӹӹ Why are traditions important? B. Explain to your students that as Catholics we believe that God’s revelation has come to us through Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition. Both are essential in helping us understand who God is and His plan for us. C. Write the words “Scripture,” “Tradition,” or “God’s Revelation,” on three labels or sticky notes. D. Ask for three volunteers and attach one of the labels or sticky notes on each one. Ask the students wearing the “Scripture” and “Tradition” labels to hold up the student wearing the “God’s Revelation” label. Then ask your students what would happen if Tradition were to let go of ______(student’s name) and told Scripture to hold him or her up alone. (Note: Tell the student not to actually let go.) Students will obviously respond by saying “______will fall down”; “Scripture will drop ______,” and so forth. E. Ask your students to turn to An Informed Faith:

An Informed Faith: Scripture and Tradition Scripture and Tradition (page 3) in their

Eve in a very personalDirections: way in theRead Garden the essay andthe answer Pope, the who questions is the Bishop that follow. of Rome, make up workbooks. Have students read the essay and of Eden. After the Fall of Man, God did not the teaching authority of the Church, which abandon His people; He continued to reveal is called the Magisterium. The Magisterium is n paragraph 150, the Catechism of the ordered. This leads us to know that there is a Himself to them. He began with Noah, and responsible for guarding and handing on the Catholic Church states: “Faith is fi rst of all designer behind all of this and us. 5. Whatthen is Apostolic continued Succession? withI Abraham, ______Moses, David, Deposit of Faith. then answer the focus questions that follow. a personal adherence of man to God. At the and the prophets. God worked through The second way we can see that God has ______same time, and inseparably, it is a free assent these people to prepare humanity for the revealed Himself to us is through the two to the whole truth that God has revealed.” In coming of His Son. In the fullness of time, Conclusion pillars of divine revelation. Divine revelation 6. Who are the successorsother of the words, Apostles? faith is ______not just a blind leap but God sent His Son to save us and complete His Knowing all this,is then, the bodyit is up of totruths us whether shown to us by God. The After they have finished, review and discuss the an informed decision. Faith requires the use 7. Why doRevelation. you think Jesus Apostolic Christ Succession became the would mediator be important we will for respond the handing intwo faith. pillarson ofThe the of Catechism divineFaith? revelation are Sacred of our intellect and our will. Where can we between God and man. He is the fullness of all of the Catholic ChurchScripture no. 27and states, Sacred “The Tradition. Sacred ______discover this truth that God has revealed in revelation. desire for God isScripture written in is the the human inspired heart, word of God written order to be able to assent to it? correct answers as a class. ______because man is createddown and by passedGod and on for to God; us throughout history: Revelation has been handed down to us If we take a closer look at human history,God never ceasesthe to modedraw manof transmission to himself.” of the Word of God. through the Apostles. It has been handed we will discover that there has neverSt. Augustine been a states,The “YouWord have of God made was us given for to the Apostles 8. If oneon comes in two to ways: the conclusion orally and thatin writing. everything This revealed in Scripture and everything handed on through Tradition isculture true, whator civilization is the only that logical did notresponse?yourself have some WhyO Lord, is this byand Jesusresponse our heartsand sothe are Holy restless Spirit. The Apostles is continued today through Apostolic diffi cult to make? notion of religion. In other words,until we discover they rest inin you.” turn Once handed we recognizeit on to their and successors, the Succession. Apostolic Succession is the that the human person yearns forunderstand answers. that bishops.God has Withrevealed the Himself,help of the Holy Spirit, the ______process by which, beginning with the The human person yearns for the weinfi must nite. respond.We Church To respond has kept in faith the Word is to of God whole and Apostles, men are ordained to carry on the ______yearn for something outside ourselvessubmit and our intellectsafe and over our the wills centuries to God. so we can know and mission of Christ here on Earth. We call these for the divine. Most religions are allThis about is something our believe that takes in the effort whole and Faith today. Scripture men bishops. The Twelve Apostles were the ______search for God and the divine. Christianity,understanding. Itand is not Tradition something are inherently based in linked. The fi rst bishops of the Church. Every bishop in however, is about God’s search forour man. own In understandingDogmatic or Constitutionsomething we on leap Divine Revelation ______the Church can be traced back in a direct other words, if we pay attention andinto look blindly. Respondingstates, “Both in faith Scripture requires andSAMPLE us Traditionto must be line to one of the Twelve Apostles. Bishops closely, we don’t have to try very hardbe informed. to fi nd Howaccepted do we become with equal informed? sentiments of reverence then ordain priests to help them carry out God. We will discover that He is searchingWe search, for study, and and devotion” come to (9).see Scripturethe ways and Tradition their mission. Bishops have been entrusted us and has left us clues to help usGod encounter has revealed together Himself makethrough up Sacredwhat we call the Deposit of with handing on and teaching about God’s Him. Throughout human history GodScripture has and SacredFaith. Tradition! The Deposit of Faith is the entirety of revelation to us. The bishops in union with been active. He has revealed Himself to us in what we believe. a variety of ways.

1. F a i t h r e q u i r eThe s u s efi orst f o uway r ______we can come to know a n dGod ______The Process . of Divine is through His creation: the world and the Revelation: A Summary 2. R e l i g i o n i s a bhuman o u t ______person. If we look around s e a r c h at f o the r ______. Christianity is God has communicated Himself to us natural created world we can come to the a b o u t ______s e a r c h f o r ______. gradually. Scripture is the story of God’s conclusion that something greater than us gradual revelation to man. At the beginning 3. What is the fidesigned rst way it.we Thecan worldcome andto know/discover everything in it,God? of time, God revealed Himself through His including us, are complex, beautiful, and well ______creation. He revealed Himself to Adam and

4. What are the two pillars of divine revelation?

______3

4 Saint Jerome Writing, by Caravaggio.

10 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

The Evangelist Matthew Inspired by an Angel A. Have students turn to The Evangelist Matthew BY ReMBRaNDT (1661) Inspired by an Angel (page 6). Allow your students a few minutes to observe the painting. Then ask: ӹӹ What do you see in this image? ӹӹ What words or phrases come to mind when you see this image? ӹӹ How does this image tell us about inspiration? Based on this image, what do you think it means that Scripture is inspired? Accept reasoned answers. Point out to students that angels are the messengers

of God, so that in this painting, the angel is The Louvre-Lens, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France. whispering the Word of God into Matthew’s 6 ear. This message does not come from Matthew himself, but from God, and Matthew has to be listening for the Word of God in order to hear it. ӹӹ Scripture is the Word of God. How can it be God’s word and be written by human authors? Even though inspiration comes from God, a human author uses his own talents to write it. In this painting, Matthew is holding the quill and is the one who will do the actual writing. Each human author of Scripture writes differently and with his own talents because God works with the human authors to transmit His saving message. ӹӹ What is the difference between inspiration and simply a great idea? Accept reasoned answers. Explain that inspiration comes from God, pertains to our salvation, and cannot be in error. However, there can be many sources for a great idea (including ourselves), and a great idea is not guaranteedSAMPLE to be without error nor is it necessary for our salvation.

Session 1: Divine Revelation 11 LESSON PLAN

B. Have students turn to Understanding Divine

Understanding Divine Inspiration Inspiration (page 7). Explain that this

Directions: Read the excerpt from Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum was written, no less serious attention must be out the divine commission and ministry of 11-13), and then complete the questions that follow. worksheet begins with a short excerpt from a given to the content and unity of the whole guarding and interpreting the word of God. of Scripture if the meaning of the sacred 13. In Sacred Scripture, therefore, while the texts is to be correctly worked out. The living truth and holinesswho of Godbelongs always to God remains may be effi cient and document from the Second Vatican Council: tradition of the wholeCHAPTER Church IIImust be taken intact, the marvelousequipped “condescension” for good work of of every kind” (2 Tim. into account alongSacred with the Scripture, harmony which Its Inspiration eternal wisdom is3:16-17, clearly Greek shown, text). “that we exists between elements of the faith. It is and Divine Interpretation may learn the gentle kindness of God, which the task of exegetes to work according to 12. However, since God speaks in Sacred Dei Verbum. 11. Those divinely revealed realitieswords which cannot are express, and how far He has these rules toward a better understanding Scripture through men in human fashion, the contained and presented in Sacredgone Scripture in adapting His language with thoughtful and explanation of the meaning of Sacred interpreter of Sacred Scripture, in order to see have been committed to writing underconcern the for our weak human nature.” For the Scripture, so that through preparatory study clearly what God wanted to communicate to inspiration of the Holy Spirit. For wordsholy mother of God, expressed in human language, the judgment of the Church may mature. For us, should carefully investigate what meaning Church, relying on the belief of thehave Apostles been made like human discourse, just as C. Have students take turns reading through the all of what has been said about the way of the sacred writers really intended, and what (see John 20:31; 2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Peterthe 1:19-20, word of the eternal Father, when He took interpreting Scripture is subject fi nally to God wanted to manifest by means of their 3:15-16), holds that the books of bothto Himself the the fl esh of human weakness, was the judgment of the Church, which carries words. Old and New Testaments in their inentirety, every way made like men. excerpt aloud. Pause and discuss as you go. To search out the intention of the sacred 1. Under whosewith inspiration all their is parts, Scripture are sacred written? and ______canonical because written under the inspiration of the writers, attention should be given, among 2. Because of theHoly one Spirit, who inspiredthey have the God Scriptures, as their author what can and be saidother about things, them? to “literary forms.” For truth is have been handed on as such to the Church set forth and expressed differently in texts ______D. Arrange students in small groups. Have each herself. In composing the sacred books, God which are variously historical, prophetic, chose men and while employed by Him they poetic, or of other forms of discourse. 3. What does 2 Timothy 3:16-17 say about Scripture? ______made use of their powers and abilities, so that The interpreter must investigate what ______with Him acting in them and through them, meaning the sacred writer intended to group reread the excerpt from Dei Verbum and they, as true authors, consigned to writing express and actually expressed in particular ______everything and only those things which He circumstances by using contemporary wanted. literary forms in accordance with the 4. Since God used human authors, what two things need to be taken into consideration when complete the questions that follow. situation of his own time and culture. For the reading Scripture?Therefore, since everything asserted by the correct understanding of what the sacred inspired authors or sacred writers must ______author wanted to assert, due attention must be held to be asserted by the Holy Spirit, it be paid to the customary and characteristic ______follows that the books of Scripture must be styles of feeling, speaking and narrating E. When they have finished, review and discuss acknowledged as teaching solidly, faithfully which prevailed at the time of the sacred 5. According to andthe withoutreading, error we must that paytruth attention which God to the different “literary forms” in writer, and to the patterns men normally Scripture. Whatwanted is meant put into by this,sacred and writings why is thisfor the important? sake employed at that period in their everyday of salvation. Therefore “all Scripture is divinely the answers to the questions as a class. ______dealings with one another. inspired and has its use for teaching the truth ______and refuting error, for reformation of manners But, since Holy Scripture must be read and and discipline in right living, so that the man interpreted in the sacred spirit in which it 6. What do the Scriptures ultimately teach us about God and how He relates to us? F. Have students turn back to The Evangelist ______7 ______Matthew Inspired by an Angel. Close with a 8 discussion by asking them: In what ways does this image capture the main points from the passage from Dei Verbum that you just read and discussed?

SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Print the Bible Enthronement Prayer Service found at SophiaOnline.org/ USCCBEnthronement. Photocopy and cut out enough sets of Typology Strips (page 38 in this guide) for every pair of students in your class. Review the upcoming session.

12 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Heroes of Faith: Abraham and Mary

Directions: Read the Scripture passages below and answer the questions that follow.

Genesis 12:1-5 So Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and laid it on his son Isaac, while The LORD said to Abram: “Go forth from your he himself carried the fi re and the knife. As land, your relatives, and from your father’s the two walked on together, Isaac spoke to house to a land that I will show you. I will his father Abraham. “Father!” he said. “Here make of you a great nation, and I will bless I am,” he replied. Isaac continued, “Here are you; I will make your name great, so that you the fi re and the wood, but where is the sheep will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless for the burnt offering?” “My son,” Abraham you and curse those who curse you. All the answered, “God will provide the sheep for families of the earth will fi nd blessing in you.” the burnt offering.” Then the two walked Abram went as the LORD directed him, and on together. When they came to the place Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-fi ve of which God had told him, Abraham built years old when he left Haran. Abram took an altar there and arranged the wood on it. his wife Sarai, his brother’s son Lot, all the Next he bound his son Isaac, and put him on possessions that they had accumulated, and top of the wood on the altar. Then Abraham the persons they had acquired in Haran, and reached out and took the knife to slaughter they set out for the land of Canaan. his son. But the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven, “Abraham, Abraham!” “Here Genesis 22:1-14 I am,” he answered. “Do not lay your hand on the boy,” said the angel. “Do not do the least Some time afterward, God put Abraham to thing to him. For now I know that you fear the test and said to him: “Abraham!” “Here I God, since you did not withhold from me am!” he replied. Then God said: “Take your son your son, your only one.” Abraham looked up Isaac, your only one, whom you love, and go and saw a single ram caught by its horns in to the land of Moriah. There offer him up as the thicket. So Abraham went and took the a burnt offering on one of the heights that I ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in will point out to you.” Early the next morning place of his son. Abraham named that place Abraham saddled his donkey, took with him Yahweh-yireh; hence people today say, “On two of his servants and his son Isaac, and after the mountain the LORD will provide.” cutting the wood for the burnt offering, set out for the place ofSAMPLE which God had told him. On the third day Abraham caught sight of Luke 1:26-38 the place from a distance. Abraham said to In the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was his servants: “Stay here with the donkey, sent from God to a town of Galilee called while the boy and I go on over there. We Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man will worship and then come back to you.” named Joseph, of the house of David, and the

Session 1: Divine Revelation 13 Answer Key 1. Abraham obeys

God and moves virgin’s name was Mary. And coming to her, said to the angel, “How can this be, since I from the land of he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with have no relations with a man?” And the angel you.” But she was greatly troubled at what said to her in reply, “The holy Spirit will come Ur when God asks was said and pondered what sort of greeting upon you, and the power of the Most High this might be. Then the angel said to her, “Do will overshadow you. Therefore the child to him to. He also not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor be born will be called holy, the Son of God. shows God that with God. Behold, you will conceive in your And behold, Elizabeth, your relative, has also womb and bear a son, and you shall name him conceived a son in her old age, and this is the he is willing to Jesus. He will be great and will be called Son sixth month for her who was called barren; of the Most High, and the Lord God will give for nothing will be impossible for God.” Mary sacrifice Isaac. He him the throne of David his father, and he will said, “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. rule over the house of Jacob forever, and of May it be done to me according to your word.” puts his trust in his kingdom there will be no end.” But Mary Then the angel departed from her. God even when it 1. How does Abraham exemplify the virtue of faith? ______proves difficult. ______Accept additional 2. How does Mary exemplify the virtue of faith? ______

reasoned answers. ______

2. Mary says yes to 3. The Catechism calls Abraham the Father of Faith. Why is this a fi tting title for him? the angel Gabriel’s ______request that she ______will be the Mother 4. The Catechism calls Mary the perfect embodiment of faith. Why is this a fi tting way to describe her?

of God. She ______

humbly submits ______

to God’s will. 5. Faith is not simply a blind leap. How did Abraham and Mary both make informed decisions Accept additional that led them to submit to faith? reasoned answers. ______

3. Abraham shows 6. The Catechism says that faith is a gift but also a human act that requires our response. How and displays a can it be both? Explain this in light of the examples of Abraham and Mary. ______profound faith ______before anyone else in Salvation 2 History. As a result of Abraham’s SAMPLE cooperation, God is able to carry out the rest of His plan for salvation.

4. Mary displays perfect faith in God by submitting to God’s plan. She becomes the first disciple of Jesus.

5. Abraham and Mary both had some kind of prior knowledge about God and the created world. They were both spiritual individuals who trusted in the revelation and visions they received. They didn’t simply act of their own accord. They trusted in the knowledge and truths that had been handed on to them prior to responding to God’s plan. Accept additional reasoned answers.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

14 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS An Informed Faith: Scripture and Tradition

Directions: Read the essay and answer the questions that follow.

n paragraph 150, the Catechism of the ordered. This leads us to know that there is a ICatholic Church states: “Faith is fi rst of all designer behind all of this and us. a personal adherence of man to God. At the The second way we can see that God has same time, and inseparably, it is a free assent revealed Himself to us is through the two to the whole truth that God has revealed.” In pillars of divine revelation. Divine revelation other words, faith is not just a blind leap but is the body of truths shown to us by God. The an informed decision. Faith requires the use two pillars of divine revelation are Sacred of our intellect and our will. Where can we Scripture and Sacred Tradition. Sacred discover this truth that God has revealed in Scripture is the inspired word of God written order to be able to assent to it? down and passed on to us throughout history: If we take a closer look at human history, the mode of transmission of the Word of God. we will discover that there has never been a The Word of God was given to the Apostles culture or civilization that did not have some by Jesus and the Holy Spirit. The Apostles notion of religion. In other words, we discover in turn handed it on to their successors, the that the human person yearns for answers. bishops. With the help of the Holy Spirit, the The human person yearns for the infi nite. We Church has kept the Word of God whole and yearn for something outside ourselves and safe over the centuries so we can know and for the divine. Most religions are all about our believe in the whole Faith today. Scripture search for God and the divine. Christianity, and Tradition are inherently linked. The however, is about God’s search for man. In Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation other words, if we pay attention and look states, “Both Scripture and Tradition must be closely, we don’t have to try very hard to fi nd accepted with equal sentiments of reverence God. We will discover that He is searching for and devotion” (9). Scripture and Tradition us and has left us clues to help us encounter together make up what we call the Deposit of Him. Throughout human history God has Faith. The Deposit of Faith is the entirety of been active. He has revealed Himself to us in what we believe. a variety of ways. The fi rst way we SAMPLEcan come to know God The Process of Divine is through His creation: the world and the Revelation: A Summary human person. If we look around at the God has communicated Himself to us natural created world we can come to the gradually. Scripture is the story of God’s conclusion that something greater than us gradual revelation to man. At the beginning designed it. The world and everything in it, of time, God revealed Himself through His including us, are complex, beautiful, and well creation. He revealed Himself to Adam and

Session 1: Divine Revelation 15 Answer Key 1. Intellect; will.

2. Religion is about Eve in a very personal way in the Garden the Pope, who is the Bishop of Rome, make up of Eden. After the Fall of Man, God did not the teaching authority of the Church, which man’s search for abandon His people; He continued to reveal is called the Magisterium. The Magisterium is Himself to them. He began with Noah, and responsible for guarding and handing on the God. Christianity then continued with Abraham, Moses, David, Deposit of Faith. is about God’s and the prophets. God worked through these people to prepare humanity for the Conclusion search for man. coming of His Son. In the fullness of time, God sent His Son to save us and complete His Knowing all this, then, it is up to us whether Revelation. Jesus Christ became the mediator we will respond in faith. The Catechism 3. Through His between God and man. He is the fullness of all of the Catholic Church no. 27 states, “The revelation. desire for God is written in the human heart, creation. because man is created by God and for God; Revelation has been handed down to us God never ceases to draw man to himself.” through the Apostles. It has been handed 4. Sacred Scripture St. Augustine states, “You have made us for on in two ways: orally and in writing. This yourself O Lord, and our hearts are restless is continued today through Apostolic and Sacred until they rest in you.” Once we recognize and Succession. Apostolic Succession is the understand that God has revealed Himself, Tradition. process by which, beginning with the we must respond. To respond in faith is to Apostles, men are ordained to carry on the submit our intellect and our wills to God. mission of Christ here on Earth. We call these This is something that takes effort and men bishops. The Twelve Apostles were the understanding. It is not something based in fi rst bishops of the Church. Every bishop in our own understanding or something we leap the Church can be traced back in a direct into blindly. Responding in faith requires us to line to one of the Twelve Apostles. Bishops be informed. How do we become informed? then ordain priests to help them carry out We search, study, and come to see the ways their mission. Bishops have been entrusted God has revealed Himself through Sacred with handing on and teaching about God’s Scripture and Sacred Tradition! revelation to us. The bishops in union with

1. F a i t h r e q u i r e s u s e o f o u r ______a n d ______.

2. R e l i g i o n i s a b o u t ______s e a r c h f o r ______. Christianity is

a b o u t ______s e a r c h f o r ______.

3. What is the fi rst way we can come to know/discover God?

______

4. What are the two pillars of divine revelation?

______4 SAMPLE

16 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 5. The process by

which, beginning 5. What is Apostolic Succession? ______with the Apostles, ______

men are ordained 6. Who are the successors of the Apostles? ______

to carry on the 7. Why do you think Apostolic Succession would be important for the handing on of the Faith? mission of Christ ______here on earth. ______

8. If one comes to the conclusion that everything revealed in Scripture and everything handed 6. Bishops. on through Tradition is true, what is the only logical response? Why is this response so diffi cult to make?

7. Accept reasoned ______

answers. ______

8. To respond in ______faith. Accept additional reasoned answers.

Saint Jerome Writing, by Caravaggio. SAMPLE 5

Session 1: Divine Revelation 17 The Evangelist Matthew Inspired by an Angel BY ReMBRaNDT (1661)

SAMPLE

The Louvre-Lens, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France.

18 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Understanding Divine Inspiration

Directions: Read the excerpt from Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum 11-13), and then complete the questions that follow.

CHAPTER III who belongs to God may be effi cient and equipped for good work of every kind” (2 Tim. Sacred Scripture, Its Inspiration 3:16-17, Greek text). and Divine Interpretation 12. However, since God speaks in Sacred 11. Those divinely revealed realities which are Scripture through men in human fashion, the contained and presented in Sacred Scripture interpreter of Sacred Scripture, in order to see have been committed to writing under the clearly what God wanted to communicate to inspiration of the Holy Spirit. For holy mother us, should carefully investigate what meaning Church, relying on the belief of the Apostles the sacred writers really intended, and what (see John 20:31; 2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Peter 1:19-20, God wanted to manifest by means of their 3:15-16), holds that the books of both the words. Old and New Testaments in their entirety, with all their parts, are sacred and canonical To search out the intention of the sacred because written under the inspiration of the writers, attention should be given, among Holy Spirit, they have God as their author and other things, to “literary forms.” For truth is have been handed on as such to the Church set forth and expressed differently in texts herself. In composing the sacred books, God which are variously historical, prophetic, chose men and while employed by Him they poetic, or of other forms of discourse. made use of their powers and abilities, so that The interpreter must investigate what with Him acting in them and through them, meaning the sacred writer intended to they, as true authors, consigned to writing express and actually expressed in particular everything and only those things which He circumstances by using contemporary wanted. literary forms in accordance with the situation of his own time and culture. For the Therefore, since everything asserted by the correct understanding of what the sacred inspired authors or sacred writers must author wanted to assert, due attention must be held to be asserted by the Holy Spirit, it be paid to the customary and characteristic follows that the books of Scripture must be styles of feeling, speaking and narrating acknowledged as teachingSAMPLE solidly, faithfully which prevailed at the time of the sacred and without error that truth which God writer, and to the patterns men normally wanted put into sacred writings for the sake employed at that period in their everyday of salvation. Therefore “all Scripture is divinely dealings with one another. inspired and has its use for teaching the truth and refuting error, for reformation of manners But, since Holy Scripture must be read and and discipline in right living, so that the man interpreted in the sacred spirit in which it

Session 1: Divine Revelation 19 Answer Key 1. The Holy Spirit.

2. The books of was written, no less serious attention must be out the divine commission and ministry of given to the content and unity of the whole guarding and interpreting the word of God. of Scripture if the meaning of the sacred Scripture must be 13. In Sacred Scripture, therefore, while the texts is to be correctly worked out. The living truth and holiness of God always remains acknowledged as tradition of the whole Church must be taken intact, the marvelous “condescension” of into account along with the harmony which teaching solidly, eternal wisdom is clearly shown, “that we exists between elements of the faith. It is may learn the gentle kindness of God, which the task of exegetes to work according to faithfully and words cannot express, and how far He has these rules toward a better understanding gone in adapting His language with thoughtful without error that and explanation of the meaning of Sacred concern for our weak human nature.” For the Scripture, so that through preparatory study words of God, expressed in human language, truth which God the judgment of the Church may mature. For have been made like human discourse, just as all of what has been said about the way of wanted put into the word of the eternal Father, when He took interpreting Scripture is subject fi nally to to Himself the fl esh of human weakness, was the judgment of the Church, which carries sacred writings in every way made like men.

for the sake of 1. Under whose inspiration is Scripture written? ______

salvation. 2. Because of the one who inspired the Scriptures, what can be said about them?

______3. All Scripture is inspired by God 3. What does 2 Timothy 3:16-17 say about Scripture? ______and is there to ______help us come to 4. Since God used human authors, what two things need to be taken into consideration when know God, defend reading Scripture? our faith, teach ______others about the ______

faith, and equip us 5. According to the reading, we must pay attention to the different “literary forms” in with everything Scripture. What is meant by this, and why is this important? ______we need to ______live a holy life. Accept additional 6. What do the Scriptures ultimately teach us about God and how He relates to us? ______reasoned answers. ______4. What God 8 intended to say, along with what the human SAMPLE authors intended to say.

5. There are a variety of writing styles in Scripture. Knowing the style of writing helps us to understand more clearly the meaning of what is being said. Accept additional reasoned answers.

6. God desires a relationship with us. He communicates His love to us using human words and through a means we can understand – a book. Accept additional reasoned answers.

20 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 2 The Old Testament and the New Testament

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Old and New Testaments ӹӹ Hold a Bible Enthronement Prayer together make upSAMPLE one story known Service. as Salvation History. ӹӹ Read an introduction to the Bible. ӹ The Old Testament is the history of ӹ ӹӹ Look at sacred art. God revealing Himself to His people ӹӹ Read Scripture. in preparation for the sending of His son, Jesus. ӹӹ Sort out Bible typology strips. ӹӹ The New Testament provides eyewitness accounts of the life of Christ and the beginnings of the Church.

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 21 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ An Introduction to the Bible (page 9) ӹӹ Salvation History Collection (page 13) ӹӹ Connecting the Old and New Testaments ӹӹ Icon of the Transfiguration (page 17) (page 14) ӹӹ Applying Typology (page 18)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Typology Strips ӹӹ Bible Enthronement Prayer (page 38 in this guide) Service at SophiaOnline.org/ USCCBEnthronement

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Canon of Scripture: The official list of inspired books that appear in the Bible. The Catholic canon of Scripture includes 46 Old Testament books and 27 New Testament books. ӹӹ Salvation History: The story of God’s love and mercy revealed to us throughout human history, culminating in Christ’s sacrifice on the Cross and Resurrection from the dead, which won for us salvation from sin and death. ӹӹ Type/Typology: The studySAMPLE of “types.” Typology studies how one thing leaves an imprint on a later thing in Salvation History. The earlier thing is a “type.” The study of types is most often considered in relation to Jesus Christ and the events of salvation.

Prayer for this session: Bible Enthronement Prayer

22 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, print the Bible Enthronement Prayer Service found at SophiaOnline.org/ USCCBEnthronement. Photocopy and cut out enough sets of Catechist Resource: Typology Strips (page 38 in this guide) for every pair of students in your class.

Warm-Up

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in the room. Dim the lights if possible. Prepare a table in the front of the room with a crucifix and a candle. B. Lead your students in a Bible Enthronement Prayer Service using the format at SophiaOnline.org/USCCBEnthronement. Note: This Bible Enthronement Prayer Service was written specifically to be done in a home with a family but can easily be adapted for a classroom. You may choose to alter the language if you find it necessary to suit your classroom.

C. You may read the part of the leader or choose one of the students to read it. Choose a student to read one of the suggested Scripture passages.

Activity 1 An Introduction to the Bible

A. Have students turn to An Introduction to the Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions that follow. Bible Facts What Is Sacredӹ AD 393—CouncilScripture? of Hippo: List of books Scripture is the forLiving the Word canon of are God issued. written What Is Sacred Scripture? Have them read the essay down and passed AD down 397—Council to us throughout of Carthage: Same list Bible (page 9). ӹ history. The Biblegiven is not again. only1. importantS c r i p t u r e i s t h e ______w r i t t e n d o w n a n d because it is a historical document, but it is ӹ AD 1546—Council______of Trent: Makes a t o u s t h r o u g h o u t h i s t o r y . one of the ways we encounter God in our defi nitive decree that the canon as and then answer the questions. lives. The Catechism of the2. Catholic “ I n t hWhat eChurch s a c r e dIs b the o o k sCanon , t h e ______of Scripture and How w hDid o i s i nIt ______Come to Be? we know it today is the list of books no. 104 states: “In the Sacred cBooks o m e s the______Father t o m e e t h i s ______a n d inspired by God. 12. The Church, under the guidance of the ______has who is in Heaven comes lovingly to meet his ______the ______w i t h t h e m ” (C to C Cdetermine 1 0 4 ) . which books belong in the children and talks with them.” Not only is Bible Facts Scripture like a love letter from God to______His When was o fthe S c r iBible p t u r e . written? focuses on the life, teachings, Passion, Death people, itWhat is a means Is the by whichCanonSalvation God of continues Scripture History and B. When they have finished, review and discuss ӹ Between 1100 B.C.-A.D. 100 and Resurrection of Christ along with the to communicateHow Did with It us Come today.3. Scripture to Be?Old isand the writtenNew Testaments record of the story of our ______known as ___ ӹ Oldbeginnings Testament: of Partsthe Church. during 1100The Gospels within The canon of Scripture______is the defi nitive list . B.C.;the the New bulk Testament—Matthew, of it was written 700- Mark, Luke, of inspired books in the Bible.13. Defi The Churchne testament : SAMPLESalvation History 100and B.C. John—are the primary source we have for under the guidance4. ofDefi the ne HolySalvation ______Spirit History:has the T h e h i s t o r y o f ______c o m i n g t o the correct answers as a class. Scripture is the written record of the story the life of Christ. authority to determine______what books belong inӹ New i n t iTestament: m e t h r o u g hA.D. t h e 70-A.D______100 o f H i s of our Salvation known as Salvation History. ______the canon of Scripture. Several councils of The Bible cannot be read and understood Salvation History can be defi ______ned as: The By whoma n d ______was the Bible written? s o t h a t w e m i g h t b e the Church gave lists of books of the canon properly without seeing the unity of the Old history of God coming to meet______man14. in Ttime h e O l d T e s t a m e n tThe if sr ot hOldm e ______s tTestament o r y o f ______was written ______by p r e p a r i n g H i s ______f o r and the Council of Trent in 1546 A.D. declaredӹ and New Testaments. The Old Testament is through the revelation of His ______words and______. f rJews o m H and i m. Israelites. the list of books we know today as the list of fulfi lled in the New Testament and the New deeds so that we might be saved from eternal books inspired by God. ӹ Theis Newhidden Testament in the Old. was The mainly notion that there is separation from Him. 15. The New Testament focuses on the ______, teachings, Passion, ______A Living Word writtena God by of Jewishthe Old Christians. Testament and then a God It is important that to understand that the St. Augustine called Salvation History thea n d ______of othe f C hNew r i s t Testamenta l o n g w i t h ist h efalse. ______The Old and o f t h e C h u r c h . Church’s process5. for S deciding t . ______on the canon ӹ The authorss a y s , “ I g lived n o r a nin c ethe o f ______Holy Land, i s “Narratio” or “the story.” Salvation History New Testaments tell the story of the One God of Scripture was noti grandom. n o r a n c eIt o was f ______taken but also in other . places such as is what should inform and give meaning16. Th to e ______revealing himself w i t h ito n t humanity h e N e w T eover s t a m time. e n t – MIt ais tt h e w , M a r k , seriously and guided by the Holy Spirit. This Greece and Egypt. our lives. In a sense it provides the “plot”Luke, of and John – are theONE primary story. ______we have for the life of also shows us how6. importantS c r i p t u r e Traditioni s t h e l i v i nis. g W o r d o f G o d ______in ______w o r d s . our life and mission on this earth. Studying______. Christianity existed for several hundred years Salvation History helps us understand where without a “Bible.” Word of God incarnate in human words. The we’ve come from but also Wheninforms Was our mission the Bible Written? Word of God has relevanceBible for us Facts today, right going forward. 7. W r i t t e n b e t w e e n ______. now. Yes, the storiesDivision are ancient, of Booksbut the in Old and New Testaments the Old Testament 8. Old Testament: Partsmeaning during ______; and message remains ever present the bulk of it was written A LivingThe Word Bible is made up of the Old and the Newand ever new. We must ask God to open our ______. ӹ Torah/Pentateuch (fi rst fi ve books Testaments. The word testament means St. Jerome said, “Ignorance of Scripture is minds to understandof the Scripture Bible) and apply it to ignorancesomething of Christ.” that Scripture serves9. N is e as w the Ta esign sliving t a m or e nevidence t : ______our own lives. . of a specifi ed fact, event, or quality. The Old ӹ Historical books Testament is theBy story Whom of God Was preparing the BibleHis Written?ӹ Prophetic books people for Christ. It is valuable in and of itself, ӹ Wisdom books 9 and a lot can be learned10. T h e fromO l d T it e sindependent t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y ______. of the New Testament. The New Testament 11. T h e N e w T e s t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y ______.

10 The authors lived in the Holy Land and also in other parts of the world, such as Greece and Egypt.

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 23 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

Salvation History Collection A. Have students turn to Salvation History Collection (page 13) and give them a few moments to observe the art. Ask them if they can identify any of the events in Salvation History that the works of art depict. From left to right and top to bottom: The events in the Garden of Eden; Noah’s ark; the sacrifice of Isaac; Moses and the Ten Commandments; King David; the Old and New Eve (Mary); the

Connecting the Old and New Testaments Annunciation; Jesus and the Woman at the Well;

Directions: Read the following passage from Scripture and then complete the questions that 3. Which names here do you recognize from the Old Testament? How does this help you see follow. and understand the connection between them and Jesus a little more? the Crucifixion; the Resurrection. ______Matthew 1:1-17 ______The Genealogy of Jesus L. Moses gives the Israelites the Ten Commandments. ______The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, Ahaz, Ahaz the father of Hezekiah. Hezekiah the son of David, the son of Abraham. became the father of Manasseh, Manasseh B. Then arrange students in groups of three Abraham became the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Amos, Amos the father of Josiah. M. 4. Jesus Based ascends on what into you Heaven. know about the Old Testament and this genealogy, try to place the followingthe fatherevents of in Jacob, chronological Jacob the order. father Number of Judah each eventJosiah in became order, 1-16. the father of Jechoniah and and his brothers. Judah became the father his brothers at the time of the Babylonian13 of Perez and Zerah, whose mother was exile. After the Babylonian exile, Jechoniah N. Christ is born.A. David becomes king, and God makes a covenant with or four. Have them turn to Connecting the Tamar. Perez became the father of Hezron, became the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel the David, promising his son an everlasting throne. Hezron the father of Ram, Ram the father of father of Zerubbabel, Zerubbabel the father O. After AdamAmminadab. and Eve sin, Amminadab God promises became them the He father will send aof Savior. Abiud. Abiud became the father of Eliakim, of Nahshon,B. God Nahshon asks Abraham the father to sacrifi of Salmon, ce Isaac but sparesEliakim him the in father the end.of Azor, Azor the father of Old and New Testaments (page 14) and Salmon the father of Boaz, whose mother Zadok. Zadok became the father of Achim, P. Joshua leadswas Rahab.C.the TheIsraelites Boaz Holy became Spiritinto the descends the Promised father on of Landthe Obed, Apostles, after 40Achim andyears they inthe the begin father desert. their of Eliud, Eliud the father whose mothermission was of spreadingRuth. Obed the became gospel the to the endsof ofEleazar. the earth. Eleazar became the father of father of Jesse, Jesse the father of David the Matthan, Matthan the father of Jacob, Jacob king.D. David God became creates the Adam father and of Eve, Solomon, places them inthe the father Garden of Joseph,of Eden the and husband of Mary. Of complete it together in their groups. whose mothertells them had notbeen to the eat wife from of the Uriah. tree of Knowledgeher was of born Good Jesus and who Evil. is called the Messiah. Solomon became the father of Rehoboam, Thus the total number of generations from Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the Abraham to David is fourteen generations; E. Moses leads the people out of slavery in Egypt. father of Asaph. Asaph became the father of from David to the Babylonian exile, fourteen Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat the father of Joram, generations; from the Babylonian exile to the C. When they have finished, review and discuss JoramF. theGod father spares of Uzziah. Noah and Uzziah his family became from the flMessiah, ood by fourteenhaving him generations. build an ark. the father of Jotham, Jotham the father of

G. The angel Gabriel appears to Mary and tells her 1. Aside from a list of names, what does this genealogy show? she will be the Mother of Jesus. the correct answers as a class. ______H. God calls Abraham to move and tells him he will have 2. Why descendantsdo you think asMatthew numerous chose as theto include stars. this genealogy in his Gospel? What point do you think he was trying to make?

______I. Solomon becomes king and builds the fi rst temple.

______J. Adam and Eve commit the fi rst sin and bring about the Fall. ______14 K. Jesus suffers, dies, and rises from the dead. Activity 3

Icon of the Transfi guration 15 BY aNONYMOUS (12TH CeNTURY) A. Have students turn to Icon of the 16 Transfiguration (page 17). Give them a few moments to quietly observe the art and then ask them the following questions: ӹӹ What event does this image depict? The Transfiguration. SAMPLEӹӹ Who is present in this image? Jesus, Peter, James, John, Moses, and Elijah. B. Have students turn to story of the

Saint Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai (egypt). Transfiguration, found in Matthew 17:1-8 in their Bibles, and read together as a class. Then 17 ask them the following questions: ӹӹ Why are Moses and Elijah present? What do they represent? Moses represents the law and Elijah the prophets.

24 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

ӹӹ In light of everything discussed in the past few activities, what is a key point this image and event communicate? That Jesus is the fulfillment of the law and the prophets. He came not to abolish the law but to fulfill it. In other words, the unity and connection between the Old and New Testaments is made evident by the Transfiguration. C. Then conduct a mini-lecture with your students that explains the following points: ӹӹ St. Augustine said, “The New Testament is hidden in the Old, and the New Testament fulfills the Old.” We call the study of this “typology.” Typology is the study of types in Scripture. ӹӹ A type is a person, place, thing, or event in the Old Testament that foreshadows something greater in the New. For example, in the Tradition of the Church we refer to Mary as the New Eve. We also refer to Jesus as the New Adam or the New Moses. John the Baptist is referred to as the New Elijah. They are referred to in this way because in some way they make new the things each of their Old Testament counterparts did. They bring the events of the Old Testament into fulfillment. ӹӹ When we read the Old Testament in the light of Christ, it brings a whole new meaning to the events and helps us to understand more clearly what God is doing. D. Arrange students in pairs. Have students

turn to Applying Typology (page 18) and Applying Typology

distribute one set of Catechist Resource: Directions: A type in Scripture is a person or thing in the Old Testament that foreshadows a person or thing Sacrifiin the Newce of Testament.Isaac Isaac is a type of Jesus Christ,Sacrifi and ce ofthe Christ Passover is a type of the Eucharist and the Crucifi xion. Complete the charts below by matching the strips provided by your teacher to show how Christ Typology Strips (page 38 in this guide) fulfi lls each of these events. Th e Passover Th e Eucharist/Crucifi xion

to each pair. Have students work with their Sacrifi ce of Isaac Sacrifi ce of Christ partners to complete the worksheet using the strips.

E. When they have finished, review and discuss Th e Passover Th e Eucharist/Crucifi xion the answers as a class.

SAMPLE18

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring construction or drawing paper and markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 25 An Introduction to the Bible

Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions that follow.

What Is Sacred Scripture? Scripture is the Living Word of God written down and passed down to us throughout history. The Bible is not only important because it is a historical document, but it is one of the ways we encounter God in our lives. The Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 104 states: “In the Sacred Books the Father who is in Heaven comes lovingly to meet his children and talks with them.” Not only is Bible Facts Scripture like a love letter from God to His When was the Bible written? people, it is a means by which God continues ӹ Between 1100 B.C.-A.D. 100 to communicate with us today. ӹ Old Testament: Parts during 1100 B.C.; the bulk of it was written 700- Salvation History 100 B.C. Scripture is the written record of the story ӹ New Testament: A.D. 70-A.D 100 of our Salvation known as Salvation History. Salvation History can be defi ned as: The By whom was the Bible written? history of God coming to meet man in time ӹ The Old Testament was written by through the revelation of His words and Jews and Israelites. deeds so that we might be saved from eternal ӹ The New Testament was mainly separation from Him. written by Jewish Christians. St. Augustine called Salvation History the ӹ The authors lived in the Holy Land, “Narratio” or “the story.” Salvation History but also in other places such as is what should inform and give meaning to Greece and Egypt. our lives. In a sense it provides the “plot” of our life and mission on this earth. Studying Salvation History helps us understand where SAMPLEWord of God incarnate in human words. The we’ve come from but also informs our mission Word of God has relevance for us today, right going forward. now. Yes, the stories are ancient, but the meaning and message remains ever present A Living Word and ever new. We must ask God to open our St. Jerome said, “Ignorance of Scripture is minds to understand Scripture and apply it to ignorance of Christ.” Scripture is the living our own lives.

26 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Bible Facts ӹ AD 393—Council of Hippo: List of books for the canon are issued. ӹ AD 397—Council of Carthage: Same list given again. ӹ AD 1546—Council of Trent: Makes a defi nitive decree that the canon as we know it today is the list of books inspired by God.

What Is the Canon of Scripture and focuses on the life, teachings, Passion, Death How Did It Come to Be? and Resurrection of Christ along with the beginnings of the Church. The Gospels within The canon of Scripture is the defi nitive list the New Testament—Matthew, Mark, Luke, of inspired books in the Bible. The Church and John—are the primary source we have for under the guidance of the Holy Spirit has the the life of Christ. authority to determine what books belong in the canon of Scripture. Several councils of The Bible cannot be read and understood the Church gave lists of books of the canon properly without seeing the unity of the Old and the Council of Trent in 1546 A.D. declared and New Testaments. The Old Testament is the list of books we know today as the list of fulfi lled in the New Testament and the New books inspired by God. is hidden in the Old. The notion that there is a God of the Old Testament and then a God It is important that to understand that the of the New Testament is false. The Old and Church’s process for deciding on the canon New Testaments tell the story of the One God of Scripture was not random. It was taken revealing himself to humanity over time. It is seriously and guided by the Holy Spirit. This ONE story. also shows us how important Tradition is. Christianity existed for several hundred years without a “Bible.” Bible Facts Division of Books in Old and New Testaments the Old Testament The Bible is made up of the Old and the New SAMPLEӹ Torah/Pentateuch (fi rst fi ve books Testaments. The word testament means of the Bible) something that serves as a sign or evidence of a specifi ed fact, event, or quality. The Old ӹ Historical books Testament is the story of God preparing His ӹ Prophetic books people for Christ. It is valuable in and of itself, ӹ Wisdom books and a lot can be learned from it independent of the New Testament. The New Testament

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 27 Answer Key 1. Scripture is the

Living Word of What Is Sacred Scripture? God written down 1. S c r i p t u r e i s t h e ______w r i t t e n d o w n a n d and passed down ______t o u s t h r o u g h o u t h i s t o r y . to us throughout 2. “ I n t h e s a c r e d b o o k s , t h e ______w h o i s i n ______c o m e s ______t o m e e t h i s ______a n d History. ______w i t h t h e m ” ( C C C 1 0 4 ) .

2. “In the Sacred Salvation History Books the Father 3. Scripture is the written record of the story of our ______known as ___ who is in Heaven ______. comes lovingly to 4. Defi neSalvation History: T h e h i s t o r y o f ______c o m i n g t o ______i n t i m e t h r o u g h t h e ______o f H i s meet his children ______a n d ______s o t h a t w e m i g h t b e and talks with ______f r o m ______f r o m H i m . them” (CCC 104). A Living Word 3. Scripture is the 5. S t . ______s a y s , “ I g n o r a n c e o f ______i s written record of i g n o r a n c e o f ______.

the story of our 6. S c r i p t u r e i s t h e l i v i n g W o r d o f G o d ______in ______w o r d s . Salvation known When Was the Bible Written? as Salvation 7. W r i t t e n b e t w e e n ______. History. 8. Old Testament: Parts during ______; the bulk of it was written 4. Salvation History: ______. The history of 9. N e w T e s t a m e n t : ______. God coming to By Whom Was the Bible Written? meet man in 10. T h e O l d T e s t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y ______. time through the 11. T h e N e w T e s t a m e n t w a s w r i t t e n b y ______. revelation of His The authors lived in the Holy Land and also in other parts of the world, such as Greece and Egypt. words and deeds so that we might 11 be saved from being eternally separated from SAMPLE Him. 5. St. Jerome says, “Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ.” 6. Scripture is the living Word of God incarnate in human words. 7. Between 1100 BC-AD 100. 8. Old Testament: Parts during 1100 BC, the bulk of it was written 700-100 BC.

28 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 9. New Testament:

AD 70 — AD 100 What Is the Canon of Scripture and How Did It Come to Be?

10. The Old 12. The Church, under the guidance of the ______has Testament was the ______to determine which books belong in the ______o f S c r i p t u r e . written by Jews and Israelites. Old and New Testaments 13. Defi ne testament: 11. The New ______Testament was ______

written by mainly 14. T h e O l d T e s t a m e n t i s t h e s t o r y o f ______p r e p a r i n g H i s ______f o r Jewish Christians. ______. 12. The Church under 15. The New Testament focuses on the ______, teachings, Passion, ______a n d ______o f C h r i s t a l o n g w i t h t h e ______o f t h e C h u r c h . the guidance of 16. T h e ______w i t h i n t h e N e w T e s t a m e n t – M a t t h e w , M a r k , the Holy Spirit has Luke, and John – are the primary ______we have for the life of the authority to ______. determine what books belong in the canon of Scripture. 13. Testament: Something that serves as a sign or evidence of a specified fact, event, or quality.

14. The Old Testament is 12 the story of God preparing his people for Christ. SAMPLE 15. The New Testament focuses on the life, teachings, Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Christ along with the beginnings of the Church.

16. The Gospels within the New Testament – Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – are the primary sources we have for the life of Christ.

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 29 Salvation History Collection

SAMPLE

30 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. That Jesus is part of the line Connecting the Old and New Testaments of Abraham and David. It shows Directions: Read the following passage from Scripture and then complete the questions that that Jesus is part follow. of a greater plan Matthew 1:1-17 that begins in the The Genealogy of Jesus Old Testament. The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, Ahaz, Ahaz the father of Hezekiah. Hezekiah the son of David, the son of Abraham. became the father of Manasseh, Manasseh Accept additional Abraham became the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Amos, Amos the father of Josiah. the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Judah Josiah became the father of Jechoniah and reasoned answers. and his brothers. Judah became the father his brothers at the time of the Babylonian of Perez and Zerah, whose mother was exile. After the Babylonian exile, Jechoniah 2. Matthew wanted Tamar. Perez became the father of Hezron, became the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel the Hezron the father of Ram, Ram the father of father of Zerubbabel, Zerubbabel the father to show Jesus’ Amminadab. Amminadab became the father of Abiud. Abiud became the father of Eliakim, of Nahshon, Nahshon the father of Salmon, Eliakim the father of Azor, Azor the father of part in the greater Salmon the father of Boaz, whose mother Zadok. Zadok became the father of Achim, plan. He is trying was Rahab. Boaz became the father of Obed, Achim the father of Eliud, Eliud the father whose mother was Ruth. Obed became the of Eleazar. Eleazar became the father of to prove that father of Jesse, Jesse the father of David the Matthan, Matthan the father of Jacob, Jacob king. David became the father of Solomon, the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary. Of Jesus is in fact the whose mother had been the wife of Uriah. her was born Jesus who is called the Messiah. Solomon became the father of Rehoboam, Thus the total number of generations from Messiah and the Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the Abraham to David is fourteen generations; long-awaited King father of Asaph. Asaph became the father of from David to the Babylonian exile, fourteen Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat the father of Joram, generations; from the Babylonian exile to the of the Jews. Joram the father of Uzziah. Uzziah became Messiah, fourteen generations. the father of Jotham, Jotham the father of

1. Aside from a list of names, what does this genealogy show?

______

2. Why do you think Matthew chose to include this genealogy in his Gospel? What point do you think he was trying to make?

______

______SAMPLE14

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 31 Answer Key 3. Accept reasoned

answers. 3. Which names here do you recognize from the Old Testament? How does this help you see and understand the connection between them and Jesus a little more?

4. Chronological ______

order of events: ______

A. 10 ______4. Based on what you know about the Old Testament and this genealogy, try to place the B. 6 following events in chronological order. Number each event in order, 1-16.

C. 16 A. David becomes king, and God makes a covenant with David, promising his son an everlasting throne. D. 1 B. God asks Abraham to sacrifi ce Isaac but spares him in the end.

E. 7 C. The Holy Spirit descends on the Apostles, and they begin their mission of spreading the gospel to the ends of the earth. F. 4 D. God creates Adam and Eve, places them in the Garden of Eden and tells them not to eat from the tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. G. 12

E. Moses leads the people out of slavery in Egypt. H. 5

I. 11 F. God spares Noah and his family from the fl ood by having him build an ark.

G. The angel Gabriel appears to Mary and tells her J. 2 she will be the Mother of Jesus.

K. 14 H. God calls Abraham to move and tells him he will have descendants as numerous as the stars.

I. Solomon becomes king and builds the fi rst temple.

J. Adam and Eve commit the fi rst sin and bring about the Fall.

K. Jesus suffers, dies, and rises from the dead. SAMPLE 15

32 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key L. 8

M. 15 L. Moses gives the Israelites the Ten Commandments. N. 13 M. Jesus ascends into Heaven. O. 3 N. Christ is born. P. 9

O. After Adam and Eve sin, God promises them He will send a Savior.

P. Joshua leads the Israelites into the Promised Land after 40 years in the desert.

SAMPLE16

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 33 Icon of the Transfi guration BY aNONYMOUS (12TH CeNTURY)

SAMPLE

Saint Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai (egypt).

34 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Applying Typology

Directions: A type in Scripture is a person or thing in the Old Testament that foreshadows a person or thing in the New Testament. Isaac is a type of Jesus Christ, and the Passover is a type of the Eucharist and the Crucifi xion. Complete the charts below by matching the strips provided by your teacher to show how Christ fulfi lls each of these events.

Sacrifi ce of Isaac Sacrifi ce of Christ

SAMPLE

Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Catechist Resource

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 35 Sacrifi ce of Isaac Sacrifi ce of Christ

Th e Passover Th e Eucharist/Crucifi xion

SAMPLE

Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Catechist Resource

36 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Th e Passover Th e Eucharist/Crucifi xion

SAMPLE

Card arrangement should reflect the order of cards on the Catechist Resource

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 37 CATECHIST RESOURCE Typology Strips

Directions: Copy and cut the following two charts into strips, shuffle the strips, and hand them out in sets to students for them to complete Applying Typology.

Sacrifice of Isaac Sacrifice of Christ

Abraham offers his beloved son. God the Father offers up His beloved Son.

Isaac carries the wood for his sacrifice. Christ carries His wooden Cross.

Christ’s sacrifice takes place on Golgotha, Isaac’s sacrifice takes place on Mount Moriah. which is a hill of Mount Moriah.

Christ submits to the Father and Isaac submits to Abraham. willingly goes to His death.

God provides the sacrificeSAMPLE (a ram). God provides the sacrifice (Jesus).

On the third day of their journey, Jesus conquers death and Isaac survives the sacrifice. rises on the third day.

Isaac is bound to the wood of the altar. Jesus is nailed to a wooden Cross.

38 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS By the Holy Spirit, Jesus was Isaac is conceived through divine help. Incarnate of the Virgin Mary.

Isaac’s mother was assured of God’s Jesus’ Mother was assured of God’s goodness and omnipotence. goodness and omnipotence.

The Passover The Eucharist/Crucifixion

The paschal lamb Jesus Christ

Moses instructs the Israelites to Jesus sacrifices Himself on the Cross sacrifice a year-old (in its prime) male when He is 33 (in the prime of life), lamb that is without blemish. is male, and is without sin.

Not a bone of the lamb is to be broken. Jesus’ bones are not broken on the Cross.

The lamb is to be sacrificed in an Jesus is crucified in front of a crowd assembly at eveningSAMPLE twilight. and dies at 3 p.m. (evening twilight).

Moses emphasizes five times that In John 6, Jesus emphasizes five the Israelites must eat the lamb. times that we must eat His flesh.

The firstborn Jews were saved Christians are saved by Christ’s blood. by the lamb’s blood.

Session 2: The Old Testament and the New Testament 39 The Israelites The whole human race

The Jews were saved from physical death. Christians are saved from spiritual death.

Unleavened bread must be used Christ transforms unleavened bread into His to celebrate the Passover. body while celebrating the new Passover.

The Passover is celebrated in preparation The Eucharist is celebrated to prepare us for departure to the Promised Land. for Heaven, the new Promised Land.

The Last Supper and the Holy Passover meal Sacrifice of the Mass

SAMPLE

40 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 3 The Stages of Gospel Formation

What students willSAMPLE learn: ӹӹ What students will do: ӹӹ The Gospels are the heart of ӹӹ Pray and reflect on Psalm 139. Scripture since they convey the life, ӹӹ Create timelines of their lives and teachings, and Paschal Mystery of compare those to the stages of the our Lord. Gospel formation. ӹӹ Each evangelist wrote in a different ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the four literary style to convey the Faith to evangelists. a different audience, highlighting ӹӹ Pray Lectio Divina. different aspects of Jesus’ life. Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Psalm 139 (page 21) ӹӹ Stages of Gospel Formation (page 24) ӹӹ My Timeline (page 23) ӹӹ The Four Evangelists Note-Taking Aid (page 26)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: The Four Evangelists ӹӹ Construction or drawing paper (page 54 in this guide) ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Evangelist: One of the four Gospel writers, who wrote with the purpose of evangelizing, or to share the Good News of Jesus Christ with the world. ӹӹ Gospel: “Good News.” The four Gospels are the heart of the Scriptures and proclaim the Good News of salvation won for us by the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Gospels are our primary source of knowledge of the life of Jesus Christ. ӹӹ Synoptic: “Seen together.” The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels becauseSAMPLE they present the story of Christ’s life in a similar way and even borrow stories and the structure of their Gospels from each other.

Prayer for this session: Glory be to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. Have your students turn to Psalm 139 (page 21), and call on them to take turns reading aloud Psalm 139. C. After reading the passage, give your students a few minutes of silence to respond in writing to the reflection questions. D. After a few minutes have passed, call on students to share their thoughts on the psalm and the reflection questions.

Activity 1

A. Have your students turn to My Timeline (page 23). Ask them to think about key events in their lives and document them on the timeline. Encourage your students to fill out all of the boxes. If they are having trouble thinking of events, suggest the following events: ӹӹ Reception of Sacraments.SAMPLE ӹӹ Important achievements. ӹӹ Significant moments that have affected their lives, such as birth of siblings, moving to a new city, an injury or illness, favorite vacation, and so forth. B. When students have filled in the important events, have them write next to each box how they knew this occurred in their life. They can put multiple choices by each box. ӹӹ O = Orally: learned about it from a parent, a sibling, or another family member. ӹӹ P = Pictures: have seen pictures of the event. ӹӹ V = Videos: have seen videos of the event. ӹӹ M = Memory: recall the event from their memory. SESSION PLAN

C. When they have completed their timelines and marked how they knew each event occurred, have your students turn to a neighbor and take turns sharing about their timelines and how they knew each event occurred. D. Have students turn to Stages of Gospel Formation (page 24) and complete the worksheet. E. Review answers as a class. F. Then ask your student how their life timelines are similar to and different from the process by which the Gospels were formed. Through the use of the timeline’s key, the students can see that eyewitness accounts and passing stories along orally are also ways in which the Gospels were developed, similar to the ways they know key moments in their own lives.

Activity 2

A. Have your students turn to The Four Evangelists Note-Taking Aid (page 26). Conduct a brief lecture using the Catechist Resource: The Four Evangelists (page 54 in this guide). Have your students complete the note-taking guide as you write the given points from the lecture on the board. B. Review the answers to ensure that students SAMPLErecorded their notes properly. SESSION PLAN

Activity 3

A. Arrange your students in groups of three or four. Distribute to each group a large piece of construction paper or drawing paper. Make markers and/or colored pencils available. Have each group pick one of the four evangelists — Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John — and create a poster of that evangelist based on Stages of Gospel Formation and The Four Evangelists Note-Taking Aid. Each poster should creatively include the following information: ӹӹ Evangelist name. ӹӹ A drawing of the evangelist and their symbol. ӹӹ For whom (the audience) they wrote their Gospel. ӹӹ What they are most known for. ӹӹ Other information you feel is important to include. B. When your students have completed their posters, call on groups to share their poster and information with the rest of the class.

Activity 4

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. Lead the class in praying Lectio Divina with Matthew 14:22-23: Then he made the disciples get into the boat and precede him to the other side, while he dismissed the crowds. After doing so, he went up on the mountain by himself to pray. When it was evening he was there alone. B. Read the passage three times. Before each reading, give the following instructions: ӹӹ For the first eading,r have your students close their eyes and simply listen. Tell them to write on their own paper one word or phrase that jumped out at them. Give them one or two minutes of silence to do this. ӹӹ For the second reading,SAMPLE have your students close their eyes and really engage their imagination and senses and picture the scene. Tell them to write down an image that stood out to them. Give them one or two minutes of silence to do this. ӹӹ For the third and final reading, have your students close their eyes and envision the scene again, this time imagining themselves in the story. Tell them to write down what they think God is trying to tell them specifically through this passage. Give them three to five minutes of silence to contemplate the passage and write. SESSION PLAN

Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy enough copies of Catechist Resource: Four Reasons for the Incarnation (page 72 in this guide) for each pair of students. Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers SAMPLE Answer Key 1. 27 2. The Old Testament A. Law B. History C. Wisdom D. Prophecy 3. Gospel 4. Heart/Jesus Christ 5. Evangelists 6. Synoptic 7. The theological meaning of Christ’s life 8. Jesus’ earthly life and His teaching/ Apostolic Preaching/the writing of the Gospels 9. Man 10. Lion 11. Ox 12. Eagle SAMPLE Answer Key 1. 85 2. Tax collector Jesus calls to be an Apostle. 3. Jews. 4. Focuses on Jesus fulfilling Jewish expectations of the Messiah and the fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant. 5. 67 6. Traveling companion of Sts. Paul and Peter. 7. Gentiles (non- Jews) in Rome. 8. Focuses on Jesus’ actions and His powerful miracles to better speak to a Roman audience. SAMPLE Answer Key 9. 85 10. Companion of St. Paul and a Greek physician. He is also the author of the Acts of the Apostles. 11. Gentiles. 12. Focuses on Jesus’ ministry to ALL the nations and how Gentiles do not first have to convert to Judaism to believe in Christ. 13. Did not personally know Jesus but tradition suggests that one of his main sources was Jesus’ mother, Mary, who shared about the infancy narrative and other details unique to Luke. 14. 90-100 15. The Beloved Apostle. SAMPLE 16. Christians. 17. Focuses not on a chronological account, but on spiritual realities, especially Jesus as the Incarnate Word of God who has always existed with God. 18. Combat false ideas that deny Jesus’ full humanity and full divinity./ Emphasize and support the theology underpinning the life of Christ. CATECHIST RESOURCE The Four Evangelists

Directions: Please give students a lecture on the four Gospels by writing on the board the information given in the bullet points below. Encourage students to follow along by taking notes using The Four Evangelists Note-Taking Aid (page 26).

The Gospel of Matthew ӹӹ Written around AD 85. ӹӹ Traditional author: Matthew (Levi) – Tax collector Jesus calls to be an Apostle. ӹӹ Audience: Jews. ӹӹ Focuses on Jesus fulfilling Jewish expectations of the Messiah and the fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant.

The Gospel of Mark ӹӹ Written around 67 AD. ӹӹ Traditional author: John Mark – Traveling companion of Sts. Paul and Peter. ӹӹ Based on St. Peter’s stories of Jesus. ӹӹ Audience – Gentiles (non-Jewish people) in Rome. ӹӹ Shortest Gospel. Very straightforward. ӹӹ Focuses onSAMPLE Jesus’ actions. ӹӹ Focuses on Jesus’ powerful miracles to better speak to a Roman audience. The Gospel of Luke ӹӹ Written around 85 AD. ӹӹ Traditional author: Luke – Traveling companion to St. Paul and a Greek/ Syrian physician. ӹӹ St. Luke also wrote Acts of the Apostles. ӹӹ Audience – Gentiles. ӹӹ Focuses on Jesus’ ministry to all of the nations and that gentiles do not first have to convert to Judaism to believe in Christ. ӹӹ Did not personally know Jesus but tradition suggests that one of his main sources was Jesus’ mother, Mary, who shared about the infancy narrative and other details unique to Luke.

The Gospel of John ӹӹ Written around 90-100 AD; last Gospel written. ӹӹ Traditional author: John the Beloved Disciple. ӹӹ Audience – Jewish Christians. ӹӹ Focuses not on a chronological account of Jesus’ life, but on spiritual realities especially Jesus as the Incarnate Word of God who had always existed with God from the beginning. ӹӹ Purpose: • Combat false ideas that deny Jesus’ full humanity and full divinity. • Emphasize and support the theology underpinning the life of Christ. SAMPLE Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

______SESSION 4 The Incarnation

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Incarnation is a dogma of the ӹӹ Read the Catechism’s four reasons Church that saysSAMPLE that the Son of for the Incarnation. God assumed a human nature in the ӹӹ Read Scripture on Jesus’ divinity. Person of Jesus Christ. ӹӹ Consider true or false statements ӹӹ God sent the Angel Gabriel to the about Jesus. Virgin Mary to announce to her that ӹӹ Conduct an interview on an event in she would conceive the Son of God Jesus’ life. by the power of the Holy Spirit. ӹӹ Jesus is fully divine and fully human.

Session 4: The Incarnation 57 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Four Reasons for the Incarnation Note- ӹӹ Who Is Jesus? (page 32) Taking Guide (page 28) ӹӹ Event in Jesus’ Life Interview (page 33) ӹӹ The Divinity of Jesus (page 30)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Four Reasons for the ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Events in Jesus’ Life Incarnation (page 72 in this guide) Cards (page 73 in this guide)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Incarnation: The Christian belief that the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, the Son of God, assumed a human nature in the Person of Jesus Christ. ӹӹ Annunciation: The Gospel story of the Angel Gabriel appearing to Mary to announce that she would be the Mother of God, Jesus Christ. The Church celebrates this feast every year on March 25th. The GospelSAMPLE story of the Annunciation can be found in Luke 1:26-38.

Prayer for this session: Hail, Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.

58 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, photocopy enough copies of Catechist Resource: Four Reasons for the Incarnation (page 72 in this guide) for each pair of students. Photocopy and cut out enough copies of Catechist Resource: Events in Jesus’ Life Cards (page 73 in this guide) for each pair of students.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Have students turn to Luke 1:26-38, the Annunciation, in their Bibles and have a student volunteer read it aloud. C. Prompt a class discussion with the following question: ӹӹ Imagine that you are Mary when the angel appeared to her: you are told you are going to be the mother/father of the person who will save the entire human race. How would you react? What questions would you have? D. After students have shared their reactions, ask your students the following questions based on the Bible passage they just listened to: ӹӹ What was Mary’s first reaction to the appearance of the angel? She was greatly troubled and pondered the meaning of the angel’s greeting. ӹӹ How did the angel respond to Mary? He said “Do not be afraid.” ӹӹ What question(s) did Mary ask? “How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?” ӹӹ How does the angel answer Mary’s question? “The holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God.” SAMPLE ӹӹ How does Mary ultimately respond to the angel’s annunciation? “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. May it be done to me according to your word.” In other words, Mary submits to God’s will for her.

EXPLAIN to your students that what the angel announced to Mary—that God would become man in the Person of Jesus Christ—is the most important event in human history. At the moment of Jesus’ conception, God Himself entered into human history. We call this the Incarnation: God become man in the Person of Jesus Christ. It is said that the Incarnation is the hinge of history. That is, the Incarnation begins the act of salvation. Everything before the Incarnation led up to this moment, and everything after the Incarnation is changed because of it.

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Activity 1

A. Write on the board the word Incarnation and explain that the word comes from the Latin word caro, which means “flesh,” and the latin word in, which is the same as our English word “in.” Therefore the word Incarnation means “enfleshed,” or “having become flesh.” The Incarnation is the Christian belief that the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, the Son of God, assumed a human nature in the Person of Jesus Christ. The Catechism of the Catholic Church lists four reasons for the Incarnation, or four reasons God the Son assumed a human flesh in the Person of Jesus Christ. B. Put students into pairs and distribute Catechist Resource: Four Reasons for the Incarnation (page 72 in this guide) and read the four reasons for the Incarnation together. Then have them turn to Four Reasons for the Incarnation Note-Taking Guide (page 28) and complete the worksheet. C. When students have finished, review and discuss the correct answers to Four Reasons for the Incarnation Note-Taking Guide.

Activity 2

A. Make a large T-chart on the board. Label one side “God” and the other side “Humans.” Then ask your students what God is like. Ask for volunteers to share answers with the class. Keep a list on the board on the side labeled “God.” Accept reasoned answers. Possible answers include that He is all powerful, all SAMPLEknowing, eternal, transcendent, unchanging, and so forth. B. Ask your students what it means to be human. Ask for volunteers to share answers with the class. Keep a list on the board. Accept reasoned answers. Possible answers may include having a body; being male or female; having thoughts, intelligence, emotions; being able to communicate, to love others and receive love from others, to make decisions; and so forth.

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C. Have students turn to Philippians 2:5-11 in their Bibles and have a student volunteer read it aloud. D. Then ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What does it mean that Jesus was “in the form of God”? A form is what a thing is, its essence or nature. Therefore, to say that Jesus was “in the form of God” means that Jesus IS God. ӹӹ What did Jesus do, though He was “in the form of God”? He emptied Himself and became human in likeness and appearance. ӹӹ How did Jesus show His obedience to the Father? He humbled Himself and accepted death on a cross. ӹӹ What did God do because of this? God greatly exalted Jesus and bestowed on Him the name above all names.

EXPLAIN to your students that the mystery of the Incarnation is how the all-powerful, unlimited, eternal God could become one of His own creations, a man in a specific time and place. Jesus was like us in all things but sin. That means that although He was 100 percent God, He was also 100 percent human. He knew what it was like to be like you and me, and most importantly, He knew what it was like to suffer. We see all kinds of examples throughout Scripture of Jesus’ divinity: His miracles. Each of the miracles of Jesus was, in part, meant to show that Jesus, as God, had all the power of God over creation. Jesus demonstrated His power over material things, over nature, over sickness and sin, and even over life itself. In this lesson, we are going to consider first in greater detail what it means that Jesus was fully God. E. Have each student turn to The Divinity of Jesus (page 30) and work with a partner to discuss what each Scripture passage says about Jesus and His divinity. F. Review and discuss the correct answers to The Divinity of Jesus. Ask for a few student volunteers to share in theirSAMPLE own words what it means that Jesus is fully God.

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Activity 3

A. Have your students turn to Who Is Jesus? (page 32). Ask them to work individually to decide whether each statement about Jesus is true or false. B. When students have finished, conduct a discussion about the statements about Jesus.

EXPLAIN to your students that Jesus, in His humanity, is like us in all things but sin. He knows what it means to be human. He has suffered and experienced pain. He knows joy and sadness, friendship and love, and everything in between. The only thing that Jesus did not do like the rest of us is commit sin. Although He was tempted to sin, as we are, Jesus resisted all temptation.

Activity 4

A. Arrange students in pairs. Hand out one card from Catechist Resource: Events in Jesus’ Life Cards (page 73 in this guide) to half the groups and the other card to the other half, then have students read their cards. B. After they have finished, have each pair role- play using Event in Jesus’ Life Interview (page 33): one person is the reporter, and the SAMPLEother person is a character from the readings. Have your students create a list of five to ten questions the reporter would ask and then “interview” the character, who should respond as the character would. Have each group also determine what important facts the reporter would want to be sure to include in his interview. C. When they are finished, ask for student pair volunteers to share their interviews with the class.

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Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy enough copies of Catechist Resource: John 19: The Crucifixion of Jesus (page 90 in this guide) and Catechist Resource: Resurrection Appearances Scripture Passages (page 92 in this guide) for each pair or trio of students. Ask students to bring rosary beads and supply extra rosaries yourself for those who forget. Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE

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2. Good

3. Captives

4. Human

5. Among

6. Believes

7. Holiness

8. Commands

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10. Word

11. Become

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Session 4: The Incarnation 65 Answer Key 1. Jesus, the Second Person of the Trinity, was always God.

2. Jesus is God and is with us.

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66 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 3. Jesus is everywhere and is with us when we gather in His name.

4. Jesus rules over everything and is eternal.

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Session 4: The Incarnation 67 Answer Key 1. Jesus sometimes got lonely and tired. Agree. In the Garden of Gethsemane Jesus asked His disciples to stay awake with Him, but they could not. Jesus may have felt loneliness. Jesus slept in a boat with the Apostles before calming the storm that hit the boat. While carrying the Cross, He fell three times from exhaustion and a man from the gathered crowd, Simon the Cyrenian, helped Him carry the Cross.

2. Jesus loved everybody. Agree. Jesus did love everyone, evenSAMPLE those He did not know. He showed His love for everyone, even those who brutally murdered Him, by dying for them on the Cross.

3. Jesus had friends he was closer to than others. Agree. John is described as the “beloved Apostle.” He spent more time instructing St. Peter than the other Apostles and gave him special responsibilities.

4. There were people who considered Jesus their enemy. Agree. Sometimes Jesus’ teachings upset people. His basic message of forgiveness of sins and of the coming of the Kingdom of God threatened the power of a lot of people: the Pharisees, the Sadducees, the Romans, the wealthy, and so forth. Even among His closest friends, the Apostles, Jesus had an enemy: Judas, who sold Him for thirty pieces of silver. But Jesus loved His enemies. He died to take away the sins of all.

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68 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 5. Jesus sometimes felt far from God. Agree. Even though Jesus IS God, in His humanity, He felt far from His Father while on the Cross. In His moment of greatest pain and isolation, Jesus exclaimed, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46).

6. Jesus was courageous and strong. Agree. Jesus had the courage to stand up for what was right even if it wasn’t popular. He embraced His Cross and willingly sacrificed Himself in the most humiliating and painful of deaths.

7. Jesus sometimes experienced disappointment. Agree. For example, Jesus arrived too late to save His friend Lazarus from dying. Scripture tells us that Jesus wept upon learning of His friend’s death. But, Jesus overcame this “disappointment” by raising Lazarus from the dead as a sign of God’s glory. We can follow Jesus’ example by working to overcome our own disappointments with the help of God’s grace.

8. Jesus was tempted to do wrong. Agree. The devil went to great lengths in order to tempt Jesus. Jesus, like all of us, was tempted by the same things that we are tempted by: physical comfort (change this stone to bread), worldly power and fame (all the kingdoms of the world), and putting God to the test (command your angels).

9. Jesus sinned. Disagree. Jesus was like us in all things but sin. Jesus did not sin. Temptation is not the same as sin, and feeling tempted is not sinful. Temptation can be resisted. In order for mankind to be saved from sin, Jesus had to remain sinless to overcome the Original Sin of Adam and Eve with His complete obedience to the will of the Father. Therefore, the example of His life is our model of holiness.

SAMPLE

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Accept reasoned answers

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Accept reasoned answers

Session 4: The Incarnation 71 CATECHIST RESOURCE Four Reasons for the Incarnation

The word Incarnation means to become flesh; to take on a body. The Annunciation was the announcement by the Angel Gabriel that through the power of the Holy Spirit, Mary, although a virgin, was to be the Mother of Jesus, the Son of God. Mary does not understand why God has chosen her or how she will bear a son, but despite her fears, she says yes to God’s plan. At that moment, Jesus was conceived in her womb! Mary can be called the Mother of God since she birthed the person Jesus, who is God who became man. Jesus had to be fully God and fully man in order to accomplish our reconciliation.

Why Did the Word Become Flesh? 457 The Word became flesh for us in order to save us by reconciling us with God, who “loved us and sent his Son to be the expiation for our sins”: “the Father has sent his Son as the Savior of the world,” and “he was revealed to take away sins”: Sick, our nature demanded to be healed; fallen, to be raised up; dead, to rise again. We had lost the possession of the good; it was necessary for it to be given back to us. Closed in the darkness, it was necessary to bring us the light; captives, we awaited a Savior; prisoners, help; slaves, a liberator. Are these things minor or insignificant? Did they not move God to descend to human nature and visit it, since humanity was in so miserable and unhappy a state? 458 The Word became flesh so that thus we might know God’s love: “In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him.” “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” 459 The Word became flesh to be our model of holiness: “Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me.” “I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father, but by me.” On the mountain of the Transfiguration,SAMPLE the Father commands: “Listen to him!” Jesus is the model for the Beatitudes and the norm of the new law: “Love one another as I have loved you.” This love implies an effective offering of oneself, after his example. 460 The Word became flesh to make us “partakers of the divine nature”: “For this is why the word became man, and the Son of God became the Son of man: so that man, by entering into communion with the Word and thus receiving divine sonship, might become a son of God.” “For the Son of God became man so that we might become God.” “The only-begotten Son of God, wanting to make us sharers in his divinity, assumed our nature, so that he, made man, might make men gods.”

72 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS CATECHIST RESOURCE Events in Jesus’ Life Cards

Luke 2:22-35 When the days were completed for their purification according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord, just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,” and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord.

Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel, and the holy Spirit was upon him. It had been revealed to

him by the holy Spirit that he should not Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, see death before he had seen the Messiah by Girolamo di Romano. of the Lord. He came in the Spirit into the The child’s father and mother were temple; and when the parents brought in amazed at what was said about him; and the child Jesus to perform the custom of Simeon blessed them and said to Mary the law in regard to him, he took him into his mother, “Behold, this child is destined his arms and blessed God, saying: “Now, for the fall and rise of many in Israel, Master, you may let your servant go in SAMPLEand to be a sign that will be contradicted peace, according to your word, for my (and you yourself a sword will pierce) so eyes have seen your salvation which you that the thoughts of many hearts may be prepared in sight of all the peoples, a light revealed.” for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”

Session 4: The Incarnation 73 Luke 2:1-20 The birth of Jesus. In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that the whole world should be enrolled. This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria. So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town. And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David, to The Adoration of the Shepherds, by Mattia Preti. be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child. While they were there, the time came for her to have her child, and God and saying: “Glory to God in the she gave birth to her firstborn son. She highest and on earth peace to those on wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid whom his favor rests.” him in a manger, because there was no The visit of the shepherds. When the room for them in the inn. angels went away from them to heaven, Now there were shepherds in that region the shepherds said to one another, “Let living in the fields and keeping the night us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this watch over their flock. The angel of the thing that has taken place, which the Lord Lord appeared to them and the glory has made known to us.” So they went in of the Lord shone around them, and haste and found Mary and Joseph, and they were struck with great fear. The the infant lying in the manger. When they angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for saw this, they made known the message behold, I proclaim to you good news of that had been told them about this child. great joy that will be for all the people. All who heard it were amazed by what For today in the city of David a savior has had been told them by the shepherds. been born for you who is SAMPLEMessiah and And Mary kept all these things, reflecting Lord. And this will be a sign for you: you on them in her heart. Then the shepherds will find an infant wrapped in swaddling returned, glorifying and praising God for clothes and lying in a manger.” And all they had heard and seen, just as it had suddenly there was a multitude of the been told to them. heavenly host with the angel, praising

74 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 5 Jesus’ Life, Passion, Death, and Resurrection

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Jesus’ entire life andSAMPLE public ministry ӹӹ Pray the Scriptural Rosary. were focused on proclaiming ӹӹ Look at sacred art. the message: “This is the time of ӹӹ Read and record the Scripture fulfillment. The kingdom of God is accounts of Jesus’ Death and at hand. Repent, and believe in the Resurrection. gospel.” ӹӹ The Paschal Mystery is how Christ’s Passion, Death, and Resurrection saved us from sin and death for new life as sons and daughters of God.

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Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Scriptural Rosary: The Luminous ӹӹ The Crucifixion of Jesus (page 41) Mysteries (page 35) ӹӹ Resurrection Appearances (page 43) ӹӹ Christ on the Cross (page 40)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: John 19: The ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Resurrection Crucifixion of Jesus (page 90 in this Appearances Scripture Passages (page guide) 92 in this guide) ӹӹ Rosary beads

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Kingdom of God: God’s reign or rule over all things. During His public ministry, Jesus proclaimed that the Kingdom of God was at hand. The Church is the seed, or beginning, of the Kingdom here on earth. The Kingdom will be fulfilled in Heaven. ӹӹ Gospel: “Good News.” The four Gospels are the heart of the Scriptures and proclaim the Good News of salvation won for us by the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Gospels are our primarySAMPLE source of knowledge of the life of Jesus Christ. ӹӹ Paschal Mystery: Christ’s Passion, Death, and Resurrection which saved us from sin and death for new life as sons and daughters of God.

Prayer for this session: We proclaim your Death, O Lord, and profess your Resurrection until you come again. – Memorial Acclamation

76 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, photocopy enough copies of Catechist Resource: John 19: The Crucifixion of Jesus (page 90 in this guide) and Catechist Resource: Resurrection Appearances Scripture Passages (page 92 in this guide) for each pair or trio of students.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Read aloud to your students Mark 1:15: This is the time of fulfillment. The kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel. C. Explain to your students that this passage is the theme for Jesus’ entire public ministry. In fact, virtually everything He did and taught was connected to this statement in some way. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What does Jesus mean by “This is the time of fulfillment”? In His coming, all of God’s promises from the Old Testament will be fulfilled. Now is the time that the Jews had long been waiting for. ӹӹ What does Jesus mean by “The Kingdom of God is at hand”? Jesus means that the Kingdom of God, which the Jews had been awaiting for centuries according to the prophets, was here and now. It had arrived. God’s reign had begun. ӹӹ What must a person do to be a part of God’s Kingdom? Repent and believe in the Gospel. ӹӹ How does one repent? By turning away from sin, and in the Church, by being baptized and receiving the Sacraments, especially the Sacraments of Reconciliation and Holy Eucharist. ӹӹ Jesus’ words “believe in the gospel” do not refer to the four gospels in the Bible, which had not been written yet.SAMPLE Rather, the word gospel means “Good News.” What is the Good News that Jesus is preaching? Salvation from sin. This is not just “good news”; it is the best news! There is no greater news. In Christ, in God’s Kingdom, death and sin have been defeated and have no power over us. Therefore, the Good News is that we are saved from death and sin and have been set free.

EXPLAIN to your students that during Jesus’ three-year public ministry, He proclaimed this message in all He did. He taught about what God’s Kingdom was like, sometimes directly and other times through stories called parables. He taught us how to live in God’s Kingdom by loving God above all else and loving our neighbor as ourselves. He gave us the Beatitudes to be the Law of God’s Kingdom and to teach us how be fulfilled as sons and daughters of God. He healed the sick, cast out demons, and forgave sins as signs of God’s grace and power. He called Twelve Apostles to teach in a special way so that they could carry on His

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mission of salvation after He returned to the Father, and He gave them special powers to do as He did (forgive sins, heal the sick, cast out demons, and perform the Sacraments). And He taught that He is the Bread of Life, the true food of eternal life. We must receive Him in the Eucharist to receive and participate in our salvation and continually renew the New Covenant He established in His blood.

Activity 1

A. Have your students turn to Scriptural Rosary: The Luminous Mysteries (page 35). Explain to your students that the Luminous Mysteries of the Rosary reflect on key moments of Christ’s life after His birth and before His Passion, Death, and Resurrection. B. Pray together with your students the Scriptural Rosary. Appoint a student or various students to read the parts of the leader, and then pray together the prayers of the Rosary.

Activity 2

Have students turn to Christ on the Cross (page 40). Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. Once several minutes have passed, ask students: ӹӹ What do you first notice about this work of art? ӹӹ What do you like about this work of art? SAMPLEӹӹ Where is your eye drawn? ӹӹ Do you think this painting is more realistic or stylized? Why do you think the artist chose to paint in this style? It is more realistic. Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ Where is Jesus looking? Why? He is looking up to His Father in Heaven.

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ӹӹ Crucifixion is one fo the most brutal and torturous forms of punishment and execution that mankind has ever devised. Those who were crucified were beaten, stripped naked, nailed to a cross, and left hanging outdoors, often for days, suffering until they died. Do you think this painting does a good job of portraying the horror of Jesus’ Crucifixion? Why or why not? Accept reasoned answers.

Activity 3

A. Arrange your students in pairs or trios. Have them turn to The Crucifixion of Jesus (page 41) in their workbooks. Have each group read together the story of Jesus’ Crucifixion from John 19 either in their own Bibles or using Catechist Resource: John 19: The Crucifixion of Jesus (page 90 in this guide). Then have your students discuss and record as much detail as they can about each event, person, place, or statement mentioned in the account. B. After your students have read and completed The Crucifixion of Jesus, call on groups to share the details they recorded, and create a master chart together as a class. Encourage your students to add to their own charts details they might have missed.

Activity 4

A. Have students turn to 1 Corinthians 15:14-17 in their Bibles and have a student volunteer read the Scripture passage aloud. B. Then ask your students SAMPLEthe following questions: ӹӹ What does St. Paul in this passage suggest is the most important teaching/doctrine of our Faith? That Jesus rose from the dead (the Resurrection). ӹӹ Why does St. Paul believe that the Resurrection is so important to our Faith? If Jesus did not rise from the dead, then our preaching is empty and so is our Faith. If Jesus did not rise from the dead, in essence, we have been lying to others that He has. And even worse, if Jesus did not rise from the dead, then our sins have not been forgiven, and we are still sinners.

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EXPLAIN to your students that the Resurrection is the crowning, or most important, truth of our Faith. Without the Resurrection, sin and death would have won. We would still be sinners and still be enslaved by sin and death. There would be no hope of Heaven and no hope of salvation. But Jesus did rise from the dead on the third day. He did defeat death and sin. And we do have hope of salvation and hope that we too will share in Jesus’ Resurrection. This is the Paschal Mystery: how Christ’s Passion, Death, and Resurrection saved us from sin and death for new life as sons and daughters of God. C. Have your students turn to Resurrection Appearances (page 43). Working in pairs or trios, have them read each Scripture passage about the Resurrection appearances of Christ and summarize the passage in their own words either by looking them up in their Bibles or by using Catechist Resource: Resurrection Appearances Scripture Passages (page 92 in this guide). Then have your students comment briefly on what each passage teaches us about the Resurrection. D. When your students have completed the activity, call on them to share their answers to create more complete portrait of Jesus’ Resurrection.

SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

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Accept reasoned answers

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Accept reasoned answers

88 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene; accept reasoned responses.

2. Jesus appears to Cleopas and his companion on the road to Emmaus; accept reasoned responses.

3. Cleopas and his companion meet with most of the other disciples, and Jesus appears to them behind locked doors; accept reasoned responses.

4. Jesus appears to His disciples and asks Peter three times if he loves Him; accept reasoned responses.

5. Jesus appears to the eleven on a mountain SAMPLE in Galilee and gives the Great Commission; accept reasoned responses.

6. Jesus ascends into Heaven; accept reasoned responses.

Session 5: Jesus’ Life, Passion, Death, and Resurrection 89 CATECHIST RESOURCE John 19: The Crucifixion of Jesus

hen Pilate took Jesus and had him bench in the place called Stone Pavement, in Tscourged. And the soldiers wove a crown Hebrew, Gabbatha. It was preparation day for out of thorns and placed it on his head, and Passover, and it was about noon. And he said clothed him in a purple cloak, and they came to the Jews, “Behold, your king!” They cried to him and said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” out, “Take him away, take him away! Crucify And they struck him repeatedly. Once more him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your Pilate went out and said to them, “Look, I king?” The chief priests answered, “We have am bringing him out to you, so that you may no king but Caesar.” Then he handed him over know that I find no guilt in him.” So Jesus to them to be crucified. came out, wearing the crown of thorns So they took Jesus, and carrying the cross and the purple cloak. And he said to them, himself he went out to what is called the “Behold, the man!” When the chief priests and Place of the Skull, in Hebrew, Golgotha. There the guards saw him they cried out, “Crucify they crucified him, and with him two others, him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Take one on either side, with Jesus in the middle. him yourselves and crucify him. I find no guilt Pilate also had an inscription written and put in him.” The Jews answered, “We have a law, on the cross. It read, “Jesus the Nazorean, and according to that law he ought to die, the King of the Jews.” Now many of the Jews because he made himself the Son of God.” read this inscription, because the place Now when Pilate heard this statement, he where Jesus was crucified was near the city; became even more afraid, and went back into and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and the praetorium and said to Jesus, “Where are Greek. So the chief priests of the Jews said to you from?” Jesus did not answer him. So Pilate Pilate, “Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,’ said to him, “Do you not speak to me? Do you but that he said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.’” not know that I have power to release you and Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have I have power to crucify you?” Jesus answered written.” [him], “You would have no powerSAMPLE over me if it had not been given to you from above. For When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they this reason the one who handed me over to took his clothes and divided them into four you has the greater sin.” Consequently, Pilate shares, a share for each soldier. They also tried to release him; but the Jews cried out, took his tunic, but the tunic was seamless, “If you release him, you are not a Friend of woven in one piece from the top down. So Caesar. Everyone who makes himself a king they said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but opposes Caesar.” cast lots for it to see whose it will be,” in order that the passage of scripture might be fulfilled When Pilate heard these words he brought [that says]: Jesus out and seated him on the judge’s

90 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS “They divided my garments among them, they did not break his legs, but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately and for my vesture they cast lots.” blood and water flowed out. An eyewitness This is what the soldiers did. Standing by has testified, and his testimony is true; he the cross of Jesus were his mother and his knows that he is speaking the truth, so that mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and you also may [come to] believe. For this Mary of Magdala. When Jesus saw his mother happened so that the scripture passage might and the disciple there whom he loved, he said be fulfilled: to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son.” “Not a bone of it will be broken.” Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” And from that hour the disciple took And again another passage says: her into his home. “They will look upon him whom they have After this, aware that everything was now pierced.” finished, in order that the scripture might After this, Joseph of Arimathea, secretly a be fulfilled, Jesus said, “I thirst.” There was a disciple of Jesus for fear of the Jews, asked vessel filled with common wine. So they put Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. a sponge soaked in wine on a sprig of hyssop And Pilate permitted it. So he came and took and put it up to his mouth. When Jesus had his body. Nicodemus, the one who had first taken the wine, he said, “It is finished.” And come to him at night, also came bringing a bowing his head, he handed over the spirit. mixture of myrrh and aloes weighing about Now since it was preparation day, in order one hundred pounds. They took the body of that the bodies might not remain on the cross Jesus and bound it with burial cloths along on the sabbath, for the sabbath day of that with the spices, according to the Jewish week was a solemn one, the Jews asked Pilate burial custom. Now in the place where he had that their legs be broken and they be taken been crucified there was a garden, and in the down. So the soldiers came and broke the garden a new tomb, in which no one had yet legs of the first and then of the other one who been buried. So they laid Jesus there because was crucified with Jesus. But when they came of the Jewish preparation day; for the tomb to Jesus and saw that he wasSAMPLE already dead, was close by.

Session 5: Jesus’ Life, Passion, Death, and Resurrection 91 CATECHIST RESOURCE Resurrection Appearances Scripture Passages

John 20:11-18 But Mary stayed outside the tomb weeping. gardener and said to him, “Sir, if you carried And as she wept, she bent over into the tomb him away, tell me where you laid him, and I and saw two angels in white sitting there, will take him.” Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She one at the head and one at the feet where the turned and said to him in Hebrew, “Rabbouni,” body of Jesus had been. And they said to her, which means Teacher. Jesus said to her, “Stop “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to holding on to me, for I have not yet ascended them, “They have taken my Lord, and I don’t to the Father. But go to my brothers and know where they laid him.” When she had said tell them, ‘I am going to my Father and your this, she turned around and saw Jesus there, Father, to my God and your God.’” Mary of but did not know it was Jesus. Jesus said to Magdala went and announced to the disciples, her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom “I have seen the Lord,” and what he told her. are you looking for?” She thought it was the

Luke 24:13-35 Now that very day two of them were going both handed him over to a sentence of death to a village seven miles from Jerusalem and crucified him. But we were hoping that called Emmaus, and they were conversing he would be the one to redeem Israel; and about all the things that had occurred. And besides all this, it is now the third day since it happened that while they were conversing this took place. Some women from our group, and debating, Jesus himself drew near and however, have astounded us: they were at the walked with them, but their eyes were tomb early in the morning and did not find prevented from recognizing him.SAMPLE He asked his body; they came back and reported that them, “What are you discussing as you walk they had indeed seen a vision of angels who along?” They stopped, looking downcast. announced that he was alive. Then some of One of them, named Cleopas, said to him in those with us went to the tomb and found reply, “Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem things just as the women had described, but who does not know of the things that have him they did not see.” And he said to them, taken place there in these days?” And he “Oh, how foolish you are! How slow of heart replied to them, “What sort of things?” They to believe all that the prophets spoke. Was it said to him, “The things that happened to not necessary that the Messiah should suffer Jesus the Nazarene, who was a prophet these things and enter into his glory?” Then mighty in deed and word before God and all beginning with Moses and all the prophets, the people, how our chief priests and rulers he interpreted to them what referred to him

92 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS in all the scriptures. As they approached the “Were not our hearts burning [within us] village to which they were going, he gave the while he spoke to us on the way and opened impression that he was going on farther. But the scriptures to us?” So they set out at once they urged him, “Stay with us, for it is nearly and returned to Jerusalem where they found evening and the day is almost over.” So he gathered together the eleven and those with went in to stay with them. And it happened them who were saying, “The Lord has truly that, while he was with them at table, he took been raised and has appeared to Simon!” bread, said the blessing, broke it, and gave it Then the two recounted what had taken place to them. With that their eyes were opened on the way and how he was made known to and they recognized him, but he vanished them in the breaking of the bread. from their sight. Then they said to each other,

Luke 24:36-43 While they were still speaking about this, he ghost does not have flesh and bones as you stood in their midst and said to them, “Peace can see I have.” And as he said this, he showed be with you.” But they were startled and them his hands and his feet. While they were terrified and thought that they were seeing still incredulous for joy and were amazed, he a ghost. Then he said to them, “Why are you asked them, “Have you anything here to eat?” troubled? And why do questions arise in your They gave him a piece of baked fish; he took it hearts? Look at my hands and my feet, that and ate it in front of them. it is I myself. Touch me and see, because a

John 21:1-19 After this, Jesus revealed himself again to his something.” So they cast it, and were not able disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. He revealed to pull it in because of the number of fish. So himself in this way. Together were Simon the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, Peter, Thomas called Didymus, Nathanael “It is the Lord.” When Simon Peter heard that from Cana in Galilee, Zebedee’s sons, and it was the Lord, he tucked in his garment, two others of his disciples.SAMPLE Simon Peter said for he was lightly clad, and jumped into the to them, “I am going fishing.” They said to sea. The other disciples came in the boat, for him, “We also will come with you.” So they they were not far from shore, only about a went out and got into the boat, but that night hundred yards, dragging the net with the fish. they caught nothing. When it was already When they climbed out on shore, they saw a dawn, Jesus was standing on the shore; charcoal fire with fish on it and bread. Jesus but the disciples did not realize that it was said to them, “Bring some of the fish you Jesus. Jesus said to them, “Children, have you just caught.” So Simon Peter went over and caught anything to eat?” They answered him, dragged the net ashore full of one hundred “No.” So he said to them, “Cast the net over fifty-three large fish. Even though there were the right side of the boat and you will find so many, the net was not torn. Jesus said to

Session 5: Jesus’ Life, Passion, Death, and Resurrection 93 them, “Come, have breakfast.” And none of the my sheep.” He said to him the third time, disciples dared to ask him, “Who are you?” “Simon, son of John, do you love me?” Peter because they realized it was the Lord. Jesus was distressed that he had said to him a third came over and took the bread and gave it to time, “Do you love me?” and he said to him, them, and in like manner the fish. This was “Lord, you know everything; you know that I now the third time Jesus was revealed to his love you.” [Jesus] said to him, “Feed my sheep. disciples after being raised from the dead. Amen, amen, I say to you, when you were younger, you used to dress yourself and go When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said where you wanted; but when you grow old, to Simon Peter, “Simon, son of John, do you you will stretch out your hands, and someone love me more than these?” He said to him, else will dress you and lead you where you “Yes, Lord, you know that I love you.” He said do not want to go.” He said this signifying by to him, “Feed my lambs.” He then said to him what kind of death he would glorify God. And a second time, “Simon, son of John, do you when he had said this, he said to him, “Follow love me?” He said to him, “Yes, Lord, you me.” know that I love you.” He said to him, “Tend

Matthew 28:16-20 The eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the mountain to which Jesus had ordered them. name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the When they saw him, they worshiped, but they Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that doubted. Then Jesus approached and said to I have commanded you. And behold, I am with them, “All power in heaven and on earth has you always, until the end of the age.” been given to me. Go, therefore, and make

Luke 24:50-51 Then he led them [out] as far as Bethany, then returned to Jerusalem with great joy, and raised his hands, and blessed them. As he they were continually in the temple praising blessed them he parted from SAMPLEthem and was God. taken up to heaven. They did him homage and

94 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 6 The Gospel of Matthew

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Matthew was one of the Twelve ӹӹ Look at sacred art. Apostles and the traditional author ӹӹ Read Scripture about Matthew’s of the Gospel accordingSAMPLE to Matthew. calling. ӹӹ Two of the main themes of Matthew’s ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the Gospel Gospel are how Jesus fulfills the Old of Matthew. Testament promises of God and the proclamation of the Kingdom of God. ӹӹ The Gospel of Matthew invites its readers to consider how God’s promises to three key Old Testament figures — Abraham, Moses, and David — are fulfilled by Jesus.

Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew 95 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Gospel of Matthew (page 44) ӹӹ Jesus Fulfills God’s Promises in the Old ӹӹ The Calling of St. Matthew (page 46) Testament (page 47)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Apostle: A person who is sent out as a representative of someone else. Jesus chose twelve men to be His Apostles. They preached Jesus’ message of salvation and worked miracles in His name. Jesus gave the Apostles special authority and made them the first leaders (bishops) of the Church. ӹӹ The Kingdom of God: God’s reign or rule over all things. During His public ministry, Jesus proclaimed that the Kingdom of God was at hand. The Church is the seed, or beginning, of the Kingdom here on earth. The Kingdom will be fulfilled in Heaven. ӹӹ Messiah: The Hebrew word for “anointed one.” All of the kings descended from David were anointed as a sign of their kingship. This made all of the kings in the line of David “messiahs.” God promised the Chosen People that He would send the Messiah to free them from sin. Jesus is the Son of David and God’s promised Messiah and Savior. ӹӹ Vocation: A vocation is a calling by God to holiness. God is calling all people to love and to be holy. God also calls each person to a state of life: either marriage, religious life, or ordained priesthood. The Church offers special care to those single persons who find themselves in circumstancesSAMPLE not of their own choosing.

Prayer for this session: Loving Father, You call us by name and ask us to follow you. Please grant us the grace to answer your call and to hold your Word in our hearts. Help us to grow in love for you through serving others in the particular way you ask of us each day. We ask this through Christ, Our Lord. Amen.

96 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. Read aloud to your students Matthew 9:9-13. Ask your students to reflect prayerfully on the Scripture reading as they listen. B. Pray together the prayer for this session.

EXPLAIN to your students that they will be studying the first of the Gospels we find in Scripture, the Gospel of Matthew. St. Matthew, also called Levi, was a disciple and Apostle who followed Christ. He was one of the witnesses of the resurrected Lord. He also witnessed the Ascension of Jesus into Heaven and, as one of the Apostles, was given by Christ the commission to make disciples of all nations. He was present in the Upper Room on the day of Pentecost and was with the other Apostles and Mary when they received the Holy Spirit. St. Matthew is the traditional author of the Gospel of Matthew (although some scholars believe the author was an anonymous person writing under Matthew’s name), which most scholars believe was written between AD 50 and 100. C. As you conclude your discussion of the authorship of Matthew’s Gospel, transition to the idea that all written works have an intended audience. Write on the board the following pieces of writing (or compose your own) and ask the class who they think the audience is: ӹӹ “My fellow Americans, I am here to discuss the state of the union.” This is a speech by the president to Congress, and all Americans. ӹӹ “I look forward to seeing you at school tomorrow and discussing my daughter’s progress in your class.” This is from a parent to a teacher. ӹӹ “omw, lol! ttyl!” This means “on my way, laughing out loud! Talk to you later!” and is probably directed from a friendSAMPLE to a friend. D. Ask if it would be appropriate to use “text speech” like in the last example in a formal communication. It is not. Because it’s not appropriate for that audience. Lead students to the conclusion that all good writing reflects an intended audience, because it is crafted to best fit the needs of that audience.

Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew 97 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Read aloud to your students Dei Verbum 19 (Note: Dei Verbum, a document from Vatican II, is the official Magisterial teaching on Divine Revelation and Scripture): The Church constantly holds “that the four Gospels, whose historical character the Church unhesitatingly asserts, faithfully hand on what Jesus Christ, while living among men, really did and taught for their eternal salvation.” B. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What does the Church unhesitatingly assert about the four Gospels? Their historical character. ӹӹ What does it mean to say that the four Gospels are historical? They tell the story of real events and people, specifically about Jesus and His life, who is real and truly lived and did what the Gospels describe. ӹӹ Why did Jesus do what He did and teach what He taught during His earthly life? For our eternal salvation.

EXPLAIN to your students that in order to better understand the Gospels, it is important for us as readers to understand the intended audience each Gospel writer was writing for, the arrangement or structure of the Gospel, and any important themes present in the Gospel. We will examine these things for each of the four Gospels. C. Have your students turn to The Gospel of Matthew (page 44) and read about the intended audience and structure of the Gospel of Matthew and how we should read it today. Then have them answer the questions. D. When your students have completed The Gospel of Matthew, review and discuss the SAMPLEcorrect answers to the questions.

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Activity 2

A. Have students turn to The Calling of St. Matthew (page 46). Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. B. Once several minutes have passed, read Luke 5:27-28 about the call of Levi, Matthew’s original name before being called by Jesus: After this he went out and saw a tax collector named Levi sitting at the customs post. He said to him, “Follow me.” And leaving everything behind, he got up and followed him. C. Then ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ Which figure is St. Matthew in this painting? How would you describe St. Matthew’s reaction? St. Matthew is the older gentleman, sitting at the table, pointing to himself as if to say, “Who? Me?” ӹӹ Which figure is Jesus in this painting? Jesus is the one standing on the right side, whose face we can mostly see, pointing to Levi. ӹӹ What has Caravaggio done to draw our attention to St. Matthew? There are many straight lines, called “diagonals” in artistic terms, that point to St. Matthew. The beam of light from the right, three pointed fingers, the sword under the table, and even many of the arms and legs of the figures present point to St. Matthew. Jesus’ call is to him and to him alone. ӹӹ How is everyone else reacting? What about the figures at the left side of the table? They don’t even notice Jesus. Why? Counting money and distracted with earthly concerns, they are ill-disposed to hear God’sSAMPLE call. Rhetorically, you can ask the students about their disposition to hear God’s call. ӹӹ Who is the bearded figure on the right side, standing in front of Jesus? What is he doing? Why do you think He is doing this? St. Peter. He is imitating Jesus’ pointing because the pope, the vicar of Christ, visibly represents on earth the invisible Christ. We do not see much of his face because it’s not so much St. Peter and his identity that matter, or Pope Francis or any other Pope, but the papal office of Christ’s vicar. Notice that St. Peter stands between Christ and us, the viewers. He mediates between Christ and the living faithful. D. Write the word vocation on the board. Ask your students what a vocation is. A vocation is a calling by God to holiness. God is calling all people to love and to be holy. God also calls each person to a state of life: either marriage, religious life, or ordained priesthood. The Church offers special care to those single persons who find themselves in circumstances not of their own choosing.

Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew 99 LESSON PLAN

E. Ask your students how we see vocation illustrated in this painting. Jesus has called St. Matthew to follow Him. He is pointing directly at St. Matthew, and St. Matthew has to respond to Jesus by either accepting or rejecting Jesus’ call, his vocation. F. Ask your students why it might be difficult sometimes to hear God’s call in our lives. Why might it sometimes be difficult to accept God’s call in our lives? Accept reasoned answers.

Activity 3

A. Let your students know that Matthew begins his Gospel with a genealogy of Jesus.

EXPLAIN to your students that a genealogy is a listing of one’s ancestors, or a family tree. Matthew begins Jesus’ family tree with Abraham and traces it through many generations all the way to Jesus. Some of the names will seem strange to us today, but if you were a Jew living in Jesus’ time, you would have instantly recognized most of them. The genealogy is an ancient literary device that draws attention to particular characters in a story. Matthew is drawing attention to who Jesus is by showing His connection to Abraham and David as well as other significant people in Salvation History. By showing this connection, Matthew invites his audience to consider how God’s promises to three key Old Testament figures — Abraham, Moses, and David — are fulfilled by Jesus. B. Have students turn to Jesus Fulfills God’s Promises in the Old Testament (page 47). Have your students, working individually or with a partner, read about how Jesus fulfilled God’s promises from the Old Testament and then answer the questions. C. W hen your students have completed the worksheet, review and discuss the correct SAMPLEanswers together as a class.

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

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Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew 101 Answer Key 1. The truth about what He really said and did during His earthly life.

2. Jesus commissioned the Apostles to teach all that He commanded them. Matthew did this by putting in writing, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the Gospel account of Jesus’ life and teachings.

3. The evangelists wrote for different audiences.

4. An audience with a Jewish background.

5. As the promised Savior and Messiah foretold in the Old Testament. SAMPLE 6. He assumed they knew certain aspects of Jewish life and culture and did not spend time explaining these things.

7. Seven sections. The first section addresses Jesus’ birth and early childhood. The last section covers His Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension. The middle sections are divided into “books” about the events of Christ’s life and His teachings.

8. We should trust that it accurately conveys what Jesus said and did.

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Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew 103 SAMPLE

104 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. A genealogy is a listing of one’s ancestors, or family tree. Matthew begins his Gospel with a genealogy of Jesus that shows how He is a descendant of Abraham and David and other important people throughout Salvation History. Matthew invites his reader to consider how God’s promises throughout the Old Testament are fulfilled by Jesus Christ.

2. First, God would make of Abraham a great nation, which came with a promise of land. Second, God promised SAMPLE Abraham that He would make his name great, or that a line of kings, or a dynasty, would descend from him. Third, God promised Abraham that all the families of the earth would be blessed by him and his descendants.

3. Through Moses, God freed His people from slavery in Egypt and led them to the Promised Land, where they would become a great nation. Through Moses God delivered His Law so that they would be formed into a people who would love and serve Him, the one true God, and each other.

4. Jesus led all of God’s people on a new exodus from slavery to death and sin to freedom in the Kingdom of God.

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Session 6: The Gospel of Matthew 105 5. David became the first in a long line of kings, a dynasty descended from David. The kings in the line of David ruled over a great kingdom.

6. The word “messiah” and “christ” are the Hebrew and Greek words for “anointed one.” The kings in the line of David were all anointed as king, and thus, were “messiahs” or “christs.” To call Jesus the Messiah or Christ is not only to say that He is the Son of God, but the Son of David, the heir to David’s throne and the one who would fulfill God’s promises to David. SAMPLE 7. Jesus completed God’s plan of salvation and blessed the world with salvation from sin. Jesus willingly gave His life on the Cross and paid the price for sin in our place. And on the third day, Jesus rose from the dead, defeating sin and death forever, and making us sons and daughters of God once again. In the Church Jesus established during His earthly life, all mankind is invited to take part in this New Covenant and receive the blessing of salvation in Christ’s Blood.

8. Matthew addressed His Gospel to the Jewish people, showing how Jesus is the fulfillment of all God’s promises to the Chosen People. Matthew is saying that God’s love and promise of Salvation extend to all who follow Jesus.

106 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 7 The Gospel of Mark

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Traditionally, theSAMPLE author of Mark’s ӹӹ Hunt up information on St. Mark Gospel is thought to be a man found in Scripture. named John Mark, who was not ӹӹ Do an in-depth study on St. Mark’s an Apostle, but was a traveling Gospel. companion of St. Peter. ӹӹ Perform skits about miracles found ӹӹ Mark wrote to a Gentile audience in in St. Mark’s Gospel. Rome. ӹӹ Mark’s Gospel is concerned with presenting the mystery of Christ.

Session 7: The Gospel of Mark 107 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ What Do We Know About Mark? (page ӹӹ Mark’s Audience and Message (page 50) 51) ӹӹ Miracle Skit (page 53)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Gentile: People of non-Jewish ethnicity. ӹӹ Exorcism: One of the types of miracles that Jesus performed, in which He cast out demons that had possessed people. Jesus gave to His Apostles the authority to cast out demons in His name. ӹӹ Miracle: A supernatural act of God that demonstrates His power over all things. Jesus performed many miracles because He is God. Jesus’ miracles invited people to believe in Him and showed the power of God. Jesus’ miracles were also signs of the Kingdom of God.

Prayer for this session: Lord Jesus, you allowed yourself to be baptized by John as an example for all of us. The Father proclaimed that HeSAMPLE was pleased in you, His beloved Son. Send your Spirit upon us so that we might imitate you as adopted sons and daughters of the Father. Help us to live our lives in a way that is pleasing to God. Amen.

108 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. Read aloud to your students Mark 1:9-11. Ask your students to reflect prayerfully on the Scripture reading as they listen: It happened in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized in the Jordan by John. On coming up out of the water he saw the heavens being torn open and the Spirit, like a dove, descending upon him. And a voice came from the heavens, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.” B. Pray the prayer for this session. C. Prompt a class discussion with this question: ӹӹ If you were a famous writer, what would be some important facts to know about you in order to better understand why you wrote things the way you did?

EXPLAIN to your students that they are going to learn about what influenced Mark to write his Gospel the way he did. The Gospel of Mark is the shortest and most action oriented of the four Gospels. It is also considered by most scholars to be the earliest written of the four Gospels. In fact, it is thought that the authors of Matthew’s and Luke’s Gospels used Mark’s Gospel as a source for their own Gospels. Therefore, Matthew’s, Mark’s, and Luke’s Gospels are very similar to one another. All three present the story of Jesus’ life in a similar way with similar details, while each adds unique details to the story. Traditionally, the author of Mark’s Gospel is thought to be a man named John Mark, who was not an Apostle, but was a traveling companionSAMPLE of St. Peter.

Session 7: The Gospel of Mark 109 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Have your students turn to What Do We Know About Mark? (page 50) and, working individually or with a partner, read the Scripture passages and record the information each provides about the author of Mark’s Gospel and his audience. B. After your students have completed the worksheet, review and discuss the correct answers.

EXPLAIN to your students that Mark wrote his Gospel before the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. After the martyrdoms of Peter and Paul, he was believed to have become the bishop of Alexandria, where he was martyred. His remains are thought to be buried in the large basilica of San Marco in Venice, Italy, and his feast day is April 25.

Activity 2

A. Remind your students that each Gospel writer wrote his Gospel for a different audience. This means that he used different writing techniques and included different kinds of information that was specific to his audience. We will now learn about Mark’s audience and message. SAMPLEB. Have your students turn to Mark’s Audience and Message (page 51) and work individually or with a partner to read and fill in the blanks. C. When your students have completed the worksheet, review and discuss the correct answers.

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Activity 3

A. Ask your students how they would define a miracle. Accept reasoned answers.

EXPLAIN that the Catechism of the Catholic Church defines a miracle as “a sign or wonder, such as a healing or the control of nature, which can only by attributed to divine power.” B. Then ask your students if they or someone they know has ever witnessed a miracle. Allow time for students to share any stories they have of miracles they or others have witnessed. C. Give yout students the following mini-lecture: ӹӹ For Mark and the other Gospel authors, a miracle is an act of God that is witnessed by people. In the Bible, Jesus performs four main types of miracles. ӹӹ The first type are miracles of healing. Jesus healed people of their diseases or ills. He even raised the dead! Examples include the paralyzed being able to walk, lepers being cured, and the raising of Jairus’s daughter from the dead. ӹӹ The second type of miracle are miracles of the supernatural. Jesus cast out demons that had possessed people; such people were then able to regain control and rejoin their community. ӹӹ The third type of miracle are miracles of nature, in which Jesus showed His power over nature. Examples include His walking on water and calming a storm. ӹӹ The fourth type of miracles are miracles of supply, in which Jesus created something out of little or nothing, or made one thing become something else. Examples include the multiplication of the loaves and fishes to feed the crowd of 5,000. ӹӹ We do see many of these types of miracles in the Old Testament and in the Acts of the Apostles, but Mark focuses on Jesus’ performing miracles to show that He is the Messiah and the Son of God. D. Arrange your students in groups of four and assign each group one of the miracles below. Have each group turn to Miracle Skit (page 53), circle their assigned miracle, and look up the story of the miracle SAMPLEin their Bibles. Then have each group create a brief skit to demonstrate the miracle. Every student should be involved in the skit in some way. ӹӹ Mark 1:21-28: Cure of a demoniac — Supernatural. ӹӹ Mark 1:40-45: Cure of a leper — Healing. ӹӹ Mark 2:1-12: Cure of a paralytic — Healing. ӹӹ Mark 4:35-41: Calming of the storm — Nature.

Session 7: The Gospel of Mark 111 LESSON PLAN

ӹӹ Mark 5:1-13: Exorcism of Legion into herd of pigs — Supernatural. ӹӹ Mark 5:21-43: Raising of Jairus’s daughter — Healing. ӹӹ Mark 6:34-44: The Feeding of the 5,000 — Supply. ӹӹ Mark 6:45-51: Jesus walks on water/calms storm — Nature. E. Have each group perform their skit and have the class guess which type of miracle the skit demonstrated.

SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

112 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. John

2. Mary

3. Barnabas

4. Barnabas and Paul

5. Paul/Silas

6. Peter

SAMPLE

Session 7: The Gospel of Mark 113 Answer Key 1. Shortest/first

2. Fast/detail

SAMPLE

114 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 3. Christians/Rome

4. Non-Jewish

5. Customs

6. Centurion

7. AD 70

8. Temple of Jerusalem

9. St. Peter

10. Understand/ suffering/ persecution

11. Immediately/at once

12. Humanity

SAMPLE

Session 7: The Gospel of Mark 115 SAMPLE

116 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 8 The Gospel of Luke

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Gospel of Luke was written by ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of Luke’s St. Luke, a travelingSAMPLE companion of Gospel. St. Paul. ӹӹ Look at sacred art. ӹӹ The main audience of Luke’s Gospel ӹӹ Identify the structure of Luke’s were Gentile Christians. Gospel. ӹӹ The Virgin Mary was likely a ӹӹ Read Scripture about Mary in Luke’s source for Luke’s Gospel, which Gospel. contains the most complete infancy narratives and other details only Mary could have known.

Session 8: The Gospel of Luke 117 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Introduction to the Gospel of Luke Note- ӹӹ Scenes from Luke (page 56) Taking Guide (page 54) ӹӹ What Does Luke Teach Us about Our ӹӹ The Structure of Luke’s Gospel (page Mother? (page 57) 55)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Gentile: People of non-Jewish ancestry. ӹӹ Annunciation: The Gospel story of the Angel Gabriel appearing to Mary to announce that she would be the Mother of God, Jesus Christ. The Church celebrates this feast every year on March 25th. The Gospel story of the Annunciation can be found in Luke 1:26-38. ӹӹ Visitation: The Gospel story of Mary’s visit to her cousin Elizabeth shortly after the Angel Gabriel had appeared to Mary to announce the Incarnation. At their meeting, the child in Elizabeth’s womb, John the Baptist, leapt for joy in the presence of the unborn Jesus.

Prayer for this session: Lord Jesus, your conceptionSAMPLE was announced to Mary your mother by an angel of the Lord. By the power of the Holy Spirit, the impossible was made possible, you were miraculously conceived. Give us the courage and faith to be obedient to God’s plan for our lives, just as Mary said “May it be done to me according to your word.” Amen.

118 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. Read aloud to your students Luke 1:35-38. Ask your students to reflect prayerfully on the Scripture reading as they listen: “The holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God. And behold, Elizabeth, your relative, has also conceived a son in her old age, and this is the sixth month for her who was called barren; for nothing will be impossible for God.” Mary said, “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. May it be done to me according to your word.” B. Pray the prayer for this session. C. As today’s session will focus in part on Jesus’ mother, Mary, as a source for Luke’s Gospel, spend some time talking with your students about the intimate relationship between a parent and child. There is no one who loves a young child more or knows him or her as well as his or her parents. If you feel comfortable, share a story that has personal meaning to you about your parents, and try to emphasize that there were details about it that were only known to them. If you are a parent, tell a story or two that you feel comfortable sharing that reveals the intimate love a parent has for her child, and how, in those early years especially, you as a parent know your child better than anyone. Invite students to spend time quietly reflecting on the love their parents have for them, and giving their thanks to God for their loving family.

Activity 1 A. Have your students turnSAMPLE to Introduction to the Gospel of Luke Note-Taking Guide (page 54). Have your students fill in the blanks to complete the note-taking guide during the class discussion. B. Explain the following to your students in a mini- lecture (the answers to the student’s note-taking guide are bolded for emphasis): Luke’s Gospel is perhaps the most complete of the four Gospels. In fact, at the very beginning of the Gospel, St. Luke tells us this was his purpose for writing: “Since many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as those

Session 8: The Gospel of Luke 119 LESSON PLAN

who were eye witnesses from the beginning and ministers of the word have handed them down to us, I too have decided, after investigating everything accurately anew, to write it down in an orderly sequence for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may realize the certainty of the teachings you have received.” Written specifically to a man namedTheophilus , Luke set out to write an orderly and detailed account of Christ’s life based on his own extensive research and investigation of the events. Luke’s is also the only Gospel that claims to be written chronologically. The author of Luke’s Gospel is St. Luke. Luke was a traveling companion of St. Paul. He was also a physician and is mentioned multiples times in the New Testament epistles. Luke was a Syrian Greek convert to Christianity, which makes him the only Gospel writer who was not a Jew and not one of the first generation of Christians. Even though Luke did not meet Jesus, his Gospel draws from extensive knowledge of Jesus’ life from those who did know Him, especially from His mother, Mary. It is very likely that Luke knew Mary and used her as a source for writing his Gospel. Luke’s Gospel has the most complete version of the birth and infancy narratives of Jesus, including details that only Mary would have known. Luke was writing to an audience of Gentiles, non-Jewish converts to Christianity. As Luke wasn’t Jewish himself, he focused his Gospel on Jesus’ ministry to all nations, emphasizing that the Gentiles did not first have to become Jewish in order to believe in Christ. Luke’s Gospel is also known as the Gospel of Mercy and stresses the importance of prayer and the working of the Holy Spirit. Most scholars believe Luke’s Gospel was written after AD 70 because of references to the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem. It is likely that the Gospel was written, then, around AD 85. C. After the mini-lecture, review and discuss the correct answers to Introduction to the Gospel of Luke Note-Taking Guide.

Activity 2

A. Explain to your students that Luke’s Gospel can be divided into four basic sections, each with a major theme or focus of the narrative. These sections are: 1. The Prologue and InfancySAMPLE Narrative: Explains why Luke wrote the Gospel; tells the Annunciation of Jesus’ birth, the birth story, and the stories of Jesus’ childhood. 2. The Preparation for and Ministry in Galilee: Focuses on Jesus’ preparation for His public ministry, including His baptism and temptation in the desert, and the beginning of His public ministry in Galilee, including some of Jesus’ basic teachings and stories of miracles. This section also highlights the difficulties and rejection Jesus experienced in Galilee. 3. The Journey to and Teaching Ministry in Jerusalem: The central portion of Luke’s Gospel focuses on Jesus’ journey toward Jerusalem and His Passion, which includes Jesus’ teachings on how to pray and the story of His triumphant entry into Jerusalem. 4. The Passion and Resurrection Narrative: Focuses on the story of the Last Supper and Jesus’ Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Resurrection appearances.

120 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

B. Have students turn to The Structure of Luke’s Gospel (page 55). Then arrange your students in groups of three or four. Have each group look up the given Scripture passages and determine which division of Luke’s Gospel each belongs to and why. Note: You may choose to assign certain passages to each group rather than have each group look up all of the passages. C. When your students have completed The Structure of Luke’s Gospel, review and discuss the correct answers.

Activity 3

A. Have students turn to Scenes from Luke (page 56): The Annunciation by Giorgio Vasari, The Visitation by Giotto, and the Adoration of the Shepherds by Gerard van Honthorst. Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. B. Discuss the images using the following questions: ӹӹ What is a word or phrase that comes to your mind for each of these images? ӹӹ What three events are depicted in these images? The Annunciation, the Visitation, and the Nativity. ӹӹ Which Gospel are allSAMPLE of these images from? The Gospel of Luke. ӹӹ Who is the central figure in each of these images? Mary. ӹӹ What are some similarities in the way Mary is depicted in each image? ӹӹ What are some differences in the way Mary is depicted in each image? ӹӹ What do each of these images of Mary reveal or teach us about Jesus?

Session 8: The Gospel of Luke 121 LESSON PLAN

C. Have students turn to What Does Luke Teach Us about Our Mother? (page 57). Have your students read the given Scripture passages about Mary from Luke’s Gospel and then answer the questions. D. When your students have completed What Does Luke Teach Us about Our Mother?, review and discuss the answers. E. Conclude by praying together the Magnificat: My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord, my spirit rejoices in God my Savior for he has looked with favor on his lowly servant. From this day all generations will call me blessed: the Almighty has done great things for me, and holy is his Name.

He has mercy on those who fear him in every generation. He has shown the strength of his arm, he has scattered the proud in their conceit. He has cast down the mighty from their thrones, and has lifted up the lowly. He has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty.

He has come to the help of his servant Israel for he remembered his promise of mercy, SAMPLEthe promise he made to our fathers, to Abraham and his children forever. (Luke 1:46-55)

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring drawing or construction paper and markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

122 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Complete

2. Theophilus

3. Investigating

4. Chronologically

5. St. Luke/St. Paul

6. Syrian/Jew

7. Mary

8. Birth/infancy/ Mary

9. Gentiles

10. All the nations

11. Jewish/Christ

12. Mercy

13. Prayer/Holy Spirit

14. The Temple of Jerusalem

15. 85

SAMPLE

Session 8: The Gospel of Luke 123 Answer Key 1. The Journey to and Teaching Ministry in Jerusalem; as He is journeying, Jesus teaches the disciples the Lord’s Prayer.

2. The Preparation for and Ministry in Galilee; Jesus is baptized, and the Holy Spirit descends upon Him like a dove, and a voice from Heaven says, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.”

3. The Passion and Resurrection Narrative; Jesus institutes the Eucharist at the Last Supper on the night before He dies on the Cross. SAMPLE 4. The Prologue and Infancy Narrative; the angel Gabriel appears to Mary and announces that she will be the mother of Jesus. Mary says yes to God’s plan for her and cooperates with the Holy Spirit.

124 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 8: The Gospel of Luke 125 Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers. Some possible examples:

ӹӹ Mary is Holy → Angel Gabriel says she is full of grace. ӹӹ Mary is humble → The Canticle of Mary. ӹӹ Mary is reflective → She kept things in her heart. 2. Mary is prayerful, trusting, and reflective. She is in tune with the will of God and open to His plan for her. Accept additional reasoned answers.

3. Mary is shocked by the angel telling her she will become pregnant SAMPLE because she says, “How can this be since I’ve had no relations with a man.”

126 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 4. The angel Gabriel greets her by saying, “Hail, full of grace.”

5. Mary is the mother of Jesus. Jesus is God. Therefore, Mary is the mother of God. Elizabeth greets her by saying, “Who am I that the mother of my Lord should come to me?” “Lord” refers to God.

6. Mary goes to visit her cousin Elizabeth. Mary’s first reaction when she finds out she is pregnant with Jesus is to go share Him with someone else. This shows that when we encounter Christ, SAMPLE our first reaction should be to go share Him with others.

7. God is merciful, faithful, and loving. We are called to relate to Him with humility and with trust. Accept additional reasoned answers.

8. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 8: The Gospel of Luke 127 Notes ______

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______SAMPLE ______

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128 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 9 The Gospel of John

What students willSAMPLE learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Gospel of John was written by ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the Gospel John the Beloved Disciple and was of John. the last Gospel written. ӹӹ List the seven I AM statements and ӹӹ The Gospel of John is very different seven signs of John’s Gospel. from the three Synoptic Gospels and ӹӹ Create posters of the seven I AM is concerned with presenting Jesus statements and seven signs of John’s as the Incarnate Word of God who Gospel. has always existed with God. ӹӹ Look at sacred art.

Session 9: The Gospel of John 129 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ John and the Other Gospels (page 59) ӹӹ The Seven Signs of John’s Gospel (page ӹӹ Introduction to the Gospel of John Note- 63) Taking Guide (page 60) ӹӹ Nativity (page 65) ӹӹ Jesus’ I AM Statements (page 62) ӹӹ In the Beginning Was the Word (page 66)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Drawing or construction paper ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹ ӹ Word of God: A title for Jesus Christ and a title for Sacred Scripture. Jesus is the Word of God become flesh in the Incarnation. In Him, God has revealed all that is necessary for the sake of our salvation. We meet Jesus in Sacred Scripture, the Word of God written down to preserve and communicateSAMPLE the Good News of salvation.

Prayer for this session: Lord Jesus, you are one with the of Truth upon us so that we can see by your Father and, as God, have all power and light the way to everlasting life. Give us knowledge. You are the light of the world the grace to always follow the path you set that shines in the darkness. Send your Spirit before us. Amen.

130 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. Project and read aloud to your students John 20:30-31. Ask your students to reflect prayerfully on the Scripture reading as they listen: Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of [his] disciples that are not written in this book. But these are written that you may [come to] believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that through this belief you may have life in his name. B. Pray the prayer for this session.

EXPLAIN to your students that John’s Gospel is very unlike the other three Gospels. In fact, the other three Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) present the story of Jesus’ life in such similar ways that we call them the Synoptic Gospels. The word synoptic means “seen together.” Matthew, Mark, and Luke see the story of Jesus’ life “together” and tell the story in much the same way, including their own details and emphasis wherever necessary. John’s Gospel, however, is very different. Recall your earlier discussion on the intended audience of a written work from Session 6. Then explain that the author of John’s Gospel assumes that his audience has read the other Gospels and knows their version of the story. Therefore, John’s Gospel leaves out many details and stories the other three present and instead spends a lot of time with certain important teachings and monologues of Jesus’, deepening our theological understanding of the mystery of Christ. One could say that John’s Gospel fills in the spaces left by the other three Gospels.

Activity 1 A. Have students turn to JohnSAMPLE and the Other Gospels (page 59). Have your students, with a partner, do their best to complete John and the Other Gospels without using any other external help. Have them think about the various stories they’ve already learned about from the other Gospels they’ve studied and then mark whether or not they think a story is found only in John’s Gospel or in two or more of the Gospels. B. When your students have completed John and the Other Gospels, briefly review the answers as a class.

Session 9: The Gospel of John 131 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Have your students turn to Introduction to the Gospel of John Note-Taking Guide (page 60) and fill in the blanks to complete the note- taking guide during the class discussion. B. Explain the following to your students in a mini-lecture (answers to the note-taking guide are in bold for emphasis): The author of John’s Gospel is John the Beloved Disciple, one of the Twelve Apostles and the Apostle to whom Jesus was closest. It is St. John alone among the Apostles who was present at the foot of the Cross, and it is to St. John that Jesus entrusted the care of His mother after His Death. It is likely that John’s Gospel was the last Gospel written, sometime between AD 90 and 100. Therefore not only does the Gospel presents the story of Jesus from the point of view of an eyewitness, but also reflects a much more developed theological understanding of who Christ is than the other three Gospels because of its later authorship. Unlike the other synoptic Gospels, John did not set out to present a chronological or merely historical retelling of the story of Christ’s life. In fact, John states at the end of his Gospel in John 20:30-31, “Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of [his] disciples that are not written in this book. But these are written that you may [come to] believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that through this belief you may have life in his name.” In this statement is revealed the true purpose of John’s Gospel: to reveal the deeper truths of Christ’s life so that his readers might believe that Jesus is the MessiahSAMPLE and Son of God and that through this belief we might have eternal life. This is not to say that John’s Gospel isn’t historical — it is — but in stark contrast to the other Gospels, it is very poetic, symbolic, and literary. It is not told in a chronological way, but rather in a way the reveals the theological and spiritual truths of Christ’s life, specifically that Jesus is the Incarnate Word of God who has always existed with God from the beginning. John’s audience was primarily a Jewish Christian audiance. There were many false ideas being taught about who Jesus was, and John’s Gospel helped to combat those ideas to present Jesus’ full humanity and full divinity. In other words, John wrote to develop a more complete Christology, or theology of Christ.

132 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Certain stories, such as the Wedding at Cana, the raising of Lazarus, and the Bread of Life discourse, appear only in John’s Gospel. Further, John devotes a large portion of his Gospel to Jesus’ teaching at the Last Supper, which interprets the meaning of Christ’s Passion, Death, and Resurrection. The narrative of John’s Gospel focuses on seven “signs,” or wondrous deeds, of Jesus. After each sign, Jesus teaches using dialogue with the disciples or crowds that turns into monologues. The movement from a dialogue to a monologue emphasizes that Christ’s teachings are now meant for the entire world. C. After the mini-lecture, review and discuss the correct answers to Introduction to the Gospel of John Note-Taking Guide.

Activity 2

A. Let your students know that St. John paints a very beautiful and vivid picture of who Jesus is in his Gospel through seven “I AM statements.” Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What name did God reveal to Moses in the burning bush? YAHWEH or I AM WHO AM. ӹӹ What does it mean that God has a name? He is knowable, and He invites us to know Him and be in relationship with Him. ӹӹ What does this name mean? God exists; He is being and existence. ӹӹ Explain to your students that in John’s Gospel, Jesus makes seven “I AM” statements. In other words, Jesus clearly speaks and claims the name of God. B. Have your students turn to Jesus’ I AM Statements (page 62) and work individually to read the Scripture passages from John’s Gospel and complete the seven “I AM” statements that Jesus makes. C. When your students have completed Jesus’ I AM Statements, review and discuss the answers together as a class.SAMPLE D. Then arrange your students in pairs or trios. Distribute to each group a piece of construction paper or drawing paper and make markers and/or colored pencils available. Have each group create a poster that creatively presents an answer to the question, “Who does Jesus say He is?” Have your students use the answers to Jesus’ I AM Statements as a guide. E. When your students have completed their posters, have them present their posters to the class.

Session 9: The Gospel of John 133 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Have students turn to The Seven Signs of John’s Gospel (page 63). Have your students, working individually or with a partner, read each of the Scripture passages on The Seven Signs of John’s Gospel, briefly summarize each in their own words, and then identify each of the seven signs in John’s Gospel. B. When your students have completed The Seven Signs of John’s Gospel, review and discuss the answers as a class.

EXPLAIN to your students that throughout John’s Gospel, these seven key signs all communicate the greater reality of Jesus’ ultimate mission: our redemption and freedom from sin. When John uses the word signs, he’s really referring to miraculous or wondrous deed or events in the life of Jesus. It is not these seven miracles or wondrous deeds of Christ that are truly important. Rather, the greater truth they symbolize is what is most important. C. Then arrange students in groups of three or four. Distribute to each group a piece of construction or drawing paper and make markers and/or colored pencils available. Assign each group one of the seven signs in John’s Gospel, and have each group create a SAMPLEsymbol that represents their assigned sign from John’s Gospel. D. When your students have completed their signs, have each group explain their symbol to the class.

134 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 4

A. Have students turn to Nativity (page 65). Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. After a few moments discuss the image using the following questions: ӹӹ What stands out to you about this painting? Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ What is this a painting of? The Nativity, or the birth of Jesus. To be more specific, this moment is when the shepherds come to adore the newborn Jesus. ӹӹ Who is in this painting? Mary is in the center along with the baby Jesus. The older man to the right might be Joseph. The two people on the left are shepherds who have come to adore the newborn Jesus. ӹӹ The beginning of the Gospel of John mentions light on multiple occasions: “What came to be through him was life, and this life was the light of the human race; the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it,” and “A man named John was sent from God. He came for testimony, to testify to the light, so that all might believe through him. He was not the light, but came to testify to the light. The true light, whichSAMPLE enlightens everyone, was coming into the world.” How does this painting depict “the light” that John talks about? Jesus is the only light source in this painting. He is illuminating the entire scene, a light shining in the darkness. ӹӹ It appears that Mary is reflecting the light given off by her Son, Jesus. Why is this appropriate for her? Accept reasoned answers.

Session 9: The Gospel of John 135 LESSON PLAN

B. Have students turn to In the Beginning Was the Word (page 66). Have your students, working individually, read the prologue to John’s Gospel in their Bibles and the short essay that follows, and then answer the questions. C. When your students have completed In the Beginning Was the Word, review and discuss the correct answers.

Get Ready for theSAMPLE Next Session Prepare the online video “Our Deepest Identity” found at SophiaOnline.org/ DeepestIdentity. Select a local organization that serves a neglected or marginalized group (e.g., a nursing home, homeless shelter, children’s hospital) and be ready to present students with information (e.g., website, photos, mission) on the organization. Make preperations to send “praying for you” cards to this organization. Search for some encouraging quotations to share with students for use on cards. Bring construction paper and markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

136 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. S

2. S

3. J

4. S

5. J

6. J

7. S

8. J

9. J

10. S

11. S

12. J

13. J

14. S

15. J

SAMPLE

Session 9: The Gospel of John 137 Answer Key 1. John the Beloved Disciple/Twelve Apostles/Apostle

2. Cross/mother

3. 90 and 100

4. Eyewitness/ theological

5. Chronological/ historical

6. Signs

7. Truths/Messiah/ Son/eternal

SAMPLE

138 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 8. Poetic/symbolic/ literary

9. Chronological/ Word/existed

10. Jewish Christian

11. Humanity/ divinity

12. Christology

13. Last Supper/ Passion/ Resurrection

14. Signs/wondrous

15. Monologue/world

SAMPLE

Session 9: The Gospel of John 139 Answer Key 1. I AM the Bread of Life.

2. I AM the Light of the World.

3. I AM the Door.

I AM the Good Shepherd.

4. I AM the Resurrection and the Life.

5. I AM the Way, the Truth, and the Life.

6. I AM the True Vine.

SAMPLE

140 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Accept a reasoned summary of the miracle at Cana.

2. Accept a reasoned summary of the healing of the royal official’s son.

3. Accept a reasoned summary of the healing of the paralytic at the Pool of Siloam.

4. Accept a reasoned summary of the feeding of the 5,000.

5. Accept a reasoned summary of the walking on water.

SAMPLE

Session 9: The Gospel of John 141 Answer Key 6. Accept a reasoned summary of the healing of the man born blind.

7. Accept a reasoned summary of the raising of Lazarus.

Reflection Questions:

1. They all point to Jesus’ saving mission. In some way they point to His ultimate power over sin and death. They each foreshadow the Sacraments and the Paschal Mystery in some way. Accept additional reasoned answers.

2. Accept reasoned answers. SAMPLE

142 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 9: The Gospel of John 143 Answer Key 1. Jesus/The Word was “in the beginning,” “with God,” and “was God.”/All things “came to be” through the Word, specifically life, which shines in the darkness.

2. John the Baptist/ He bore witness and testimony to the “Word” or the “Light.”

SAMPLE

144 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 3. The whole Gospel of John, but also the whole of Salvation History./Life, light, testimony, witness, the Trinity. Accept additional reasoned answers.

4. They reject it.

5. To become sons and daughters of God. Eternal life.

6. John borrows the language of Genesis, “In the beginning…,” to tell us the story of the birth of Christ.

7. The Word is God but is also a distinct Person from the Father. John reveals to us God the Father and God the Son. SAMPLE

Session 9: The Gospel of John 145 Notes ______

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146 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS UNIT 2 Living a Life of Grace

Sessions in thisSAMPLE unit:

ӹӹ Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God ӹӹ Session 11: Made to Know and Love ӹӹ Session 12: The Virtues ӹӹ Session 13: Prayer ӹӹ Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History ӹӹ Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer ӹӹ Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary ӹӹ Session 17: Ways of Praying

147 Unit at a Glance

Connections to the Catechism of the Catholic Church:

Session 10 Session 13 Session 16 ӹӹ 355-360, 1691, 1701- ӹӹ 2626-2644, 2697, 2700- ӹӹ 2565, 2700-2704 1709, 1878-1885, 2777- 2724, 2729-2733 2785 Session 17 Session 14 ӹӹ 1674-1675, 2559-2561, Session 11 ӹӹ 2568-2589, 2607-2615, 2565, 2625, 2653, 2659 ӹӹ 156-158, 286, 1763-1770 2620, 2683-2690 2673-2679, 2682, 2697- 2699, 2700-2704, 2705- Session 12 Session 15 2708-2709, 2709-2719 ӹӹ 154, 1803-1845, 2090 ӹӹ 2659-66

Scriptures studied in this unit: ӹӹ Psalm 18:2 ӹӹ Luke 1:36-56 ӹӹ Acts 1:14 ӹӹ Matthew 6:5-7 ӹӹ Luke 5:15-16 ӹӹ Romans 12:9 ӹӹ Matthew 6:9-13 ӹӹ Luke 6:12 ӹӹ Romans 13:9 ӹӹ Matthew 7:7-11 ӹӹ Luke 6:31 ӹӹ Ephesians 4:1-3 ӹӹ Matthew 14:23 ӹӹ Luke 11:5-8 ӹӹ I Thessalonians 5:12-22 ӹӹ Matthew 26:36-39 ӹӹ Luke 18:1-14 ӹӹ Hebrews 11:16 ӹӹ Mark 1:35 SAMPLEӹӹ John 3:16 ӹӹ 1 John 3:16-18 ӹӹ Mark 12:28-34 ӹӹ John 15:12-13 ӹӹ 1 John 4:7 ӹӹ Luke 1:28 ӹӹ John 19:25-27 ӹӹ 1 John 4:19

148 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Catechist Introduction

uman beings are made in God’s image and beautifully tells us, “Whether we realize it or Hlikeness as male and female. This means not, prayer is the encounter of God’s thirst with that every human being possesses intrinsic ours. God thirsts that we may thirst for him.” dignity because he or she is made in God’s While prayer can be a simple conversation with image. Every person is called to cooperate with God, it is fundamental to the Christian life and the grace of God and to pursue holiness. Rather leads to life changes. than attaining perfect holiness at a set moment The Lord’s Prayer is our model of prayer. Jesus in our lives, we are always in state of becoming taught us how to pray to God as our Father the person God is calling us to be. in the present moment and how to order our petitions to Him. In fact, the Lord’s Prayer A Life of Virtue encompasses everything that can and must be said to the Father. The saints of the Church are Since we are made in God’s image, we seek to also beautiful examples of prayer, as are people know and love the truth through our intellect, in our own lives and parishes. will, and reason. Every human person finds his or her ultimate happiness and freedom Prayer is necessary, but it can be difficult. when he or she chooses God. Our consciences, There can be distractions and doubt, periods informed by our reason, the teachings of the of spiritual dryness, and fear, but the more Church, a life of prayer, and participation in we pray and the closer we are to Christ and the Sacraments, guide us in choosing the good His Church, the more we can overcome these that leads us to our ultimate happiness through difficulties. We all need to seek the voice of the seeking a life of holiness. We should strive Lord, and the more we tune in to His voice, the to form good habits so that we live lives of easier it will be to hear Him and understand virtue. The four cardinal virtues and the three Him. theological virtues give us the right ordering of our minds and our hearts toward God and our neighbor so that we can serve God and others. Types and Forms of Prayer A life of holiness can only be nourished and There are many different types of prayer, SAMPLEwhich include blessing and adoration, petition, sustained through prayer, which maintains our relationship with God. intercession, thanksgiving, and praise. Prayer can also take on different forms, such as vocal, meditative, and contemplative. God wants us to The Life of Prayer speak to Him about our joys and our sorrows, Prayer is the raising of one’s mind and heart to the good things and the bad, and He wants us God or the requesting of good things from God. to be still and listen, and rest in His presence. Prayer begins when we respond to God’s call In all of these types and forms of prayer, it is with openness. In fact, it is God who first calls above all a loving relationship with God that is out to us in prayer, whether we know it or not. being forged. The Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 2560

Unit 2 Overview 149 Jesus continues to teach us about prayer and our relationship with God. The Lord’s Prayer is our model of prayer.

Prayer in the Garden, by Sebastiano Ricci.

Mary is a model of faith and charity, an is a public prayer of the Church in which the exemplary realization of the Church. She can clergy and laypeople alike “exercise the royal teach us many lessons about prayer, from how priesthood of the baptized” (CCC 1174). We to be receptive to the grace of God to how to can meditate on Scripture, the writings of the be obedient in times of joy and in sorrow. The saints, and even God’s creation. We can pray Rosary is a beautiful prayer to help us meditate the Stations of the Cross and meditate on on the life of Christ through the intercession Christ’s Passion and Death. We can meditate of Mary. Many saints have had beautiful on the whole Gospel by praying the Rosary. devotions to Mary and made it their mission to We enter into contemplative prayer, resting teach the Church to pray in communion with in God’s presence, allowing Him to direct our our Lady. thoughts and speak to our hearts. We can contemplate our Lord and be in His presence The liturgy is the official public worship of in Eucharistic Adoration. We can venerate the the Church. The Eucharist is the source and relics of saints, and go on pilgrimages to holy summit of our Faith. This means that the sites to pray. There are so many ways for us as Eucharist we receive at Mass is the origin Christians to pray and encounter God’s love of our Faith and its greatest expression. The and mercy. In whatever way we find ourselves celebrations of all the Sacraments are forms of praying, we should pray with faith and liturgical prayer. persistence. There are many other devotionalSAMPLE prayers in the Christian life. The Liturgy of the Hours

150 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 10 The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God

SAMPLE What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Every human being possesses ӹӹ Look at sacred art. intrinsic dignity because he or she is ӹӹ Consider why persons have dignity. made in God’s image and likeness. ӹӹ Reflect on how human beings are ӹӹ Being created in the image and made for community. likeness of a Trinitarian God means ӹӹ Write “thinking of you” cards that we are made for communion to those within a neglected or with others. marginalized group.

Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God 151 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Annunciation (page 68) ӹӹ Made for Communion (page 72) ӹӹ The Dignity of the Human Person (page 70)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Construction paper ӹӹ “Our Deepest Identity” at SophiaOnline ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils .org/DeepestIdentity

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Dignity: Worthy of honor or respect. All human beings from unborn babies to the elderly have equal dignity as children of God. ӹӹ Self-Gift: The ability of a person to give of his time and energy to other people out of love. All human beings are capable of self-gift. ӹӹ Self-Knowledge: The ability of a person to know himself and to reflect upon his memories, personality, and behavior. All human beings are capable of self-knowledge. ӹӹ Self-Possession: The ability of a person to have control over what she does and to choose her actions. All humanSAMPLE beings are capable of self-possession.

Prayer for this session: Dear God, thank You for creating us out of love. Thank You for making us in Your image and likeness. Thank You for creating each of us as someone, not something. Help us to know that we are loved by You. We pray for those who do not see themselves as valuable or worthy of love. Help them to know that You love them, and help us to treat each person according to his or her dignity. Help us to show each person we meet today the love he or she deserves. Amen.

152 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, select a local organization that serves a neglected or marginalized group (e.g., a nursing home, homeless shelter, children’s hospital) and be able to present students with information (e.g., website, photos, mission) on the organization. Make preperations to send “praying for you” cards to those being served by this organization. Search for some encouraging quotations to share with students for use on cards.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Have students turn to Annunciation (page 68). Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. Once several minutes have passed, ask students: ӹӹ What do you first notice about this work of art? ӹӹ What do you like about this work of art? ӹӹ Where is your eye drawn? ӹӹ What is happening in this picture? The angel Gabriel is announcing to Mary that she is to be the Mother of God. C. Arrange students in smallSAMPLE groups and have them turn to Annunciation (page 69). Have them look up Luke 1:26-38 in their Bibles and discuss the questions with each other. During this time, try to keep students focused on the artwork and the discussion questions, letting their conversations go in unexpected ways.

Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God 153 LESSON PLAN

EXPLAIN to your students that Mary used her reason and free will to say “yes” to God’s will for her. Mary is a model to all of us on how we should follow God’s will in our lives. We are all able to use our reason and free will to follow God because we are made in God’s image and likeness. As it says in the first book of Genesis: “God created mankind in his image; in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them” (Genesis 1:27) and then, after God creates mankind, “God looked at everything he had made, and found it very good” (Genesis 1:31). This teaching — being made in the image and likeness of God — is foundational for our understanding of who we are. If we really believe that every single person is made in God’s image, we must live our lives accordingly.

Activity 1

A. Explain to your students that before we look at how we are to live our lives we need to understand what it means to be made like God. Ask your students to turn to The Dignity of the Human Person (page 70). Have students, working individually, read the text and answer the questions. B. When they have finished, review and discuss the correct answers. C. Then read aloud the following statements and have your students assess whether the persons being spoken of are being viewed with dignity. Have students raise their hands if the answer is yes. Call on a student who “voted” for the correct answer to explain his or her reasoning. ӹӹ Gus says such stupid things all the time. Yeah, SAMPLEI make fun of him, but he brings it on himself. No — Gus is seen as less valuable because of his comments. ӹӹ I like to volunteer at the food pantry. The people who come through don’t have much, but they should still be treated with respect. Yes — the persons are valued despite their income level. ӹӹ Jenny sits alone at lunch every day. No one makes fun of her, but no one goes and sits with her either or invites her to sit with them. No – Jenny is seen as not valuable enough to include at the lunch table.

154 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

ӹӹ Melissa discovers that she is pregnant. She is unmarried and works two jobs to pay her bills. She is considering getting an abortion. No – Melissa and the baby’s father are not valuing the life of her unborn child, which is worth more than any hardships she might experience.

Activity 2

A. Show students the one-minute video “Our Deepest Identity” found at SophiaOnline.org/ DeepestIdentity. B. After the video is over, ask students what they thought the main idea was. Possible answers: we need other people, we can help each other, we’re not alone, etc. C. Explain to your students that as human beings we are made for community. Alone, we are just one person, but together, we make a community of persons. Have your students turn to Made for Communion (page 72) and work on it silently. Circulate around the room to ensure understanding and to help with their lists if needed. D. When students have finished, review and discuss Made for Communion together. SAMPLE

Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God 155 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Point out to students that if we are all God’s children, that makes us a spiritual family. Draw students into conversation with the following questions. ӹӹ Do you think everybody feels as if he or she is a part of this family? No. ӹӹ Who might feel excluded or alone? Possible answers: people without a family, people alone at nursing homes, homeless people, etc. If they struggle to come up with responses, suggest some of those possible answers yourself. ӹӹ Think about your own family. Are you allowed to go into your room and ignore everybody, or do you have responsibilities? Draw out the idea that their immediate family does some things together; they have some responsibilities to one another. B. Explain that a family means we are responsible for each other. Remind them about the idea of solidarity, the principle of unity among the human race, from the previous activity. Not only do we recognize that we are one family, but we work toward the good of others. C. Tell your students that they will be now be given the opportunity to show solidarity with people who might feel excluded from God’s family. Each student will make a “praying for you” card for someone at a local organization. If possible, pull up the website for the organization, such as a nursing home, a hospital, or a homeless shelter that you have previously selected. Explain the basics of the mission of the organization and show students some photos. D. Distribute to each student a piece of construction or drawing paper and make markers and/ or colored pencils available. After you have distributed the supplies, circulate around the room. As students work, ask questions to determine their exposure to people in need (“Have you ever volunteered at a place like this?” “Do you know anyone who is lonely?”). Encourage students to put care and effort into the cards. If students aren’t sure what to write, have a list of encouraging quotes on hand to get them started. E. In the last few minutes of class before cleaning up, have students pause. Ask them why they think you did this activity as a class today. If students don’t generate the vocabulary words themselves, ask them directly:SAMPLE “What does this activity have to do with dignity?” or “How does this activity show solidarity with those in need?”

Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy and cut out enough cards on Catechist Resource: The Bible Teaches Us about Love (page 180 in this guide) so that each student receives one card. Review the upcoming session.

156 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God 157 Answer Key 1. The Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to Mary to tell her that she would be the mother of the Savior.

2. Accept reasoned answers.

3. The painting depicts the Annunciation.

4. Mary asked the angel a question, showing that she was seeking to understand God’s will. She accepted God’s will without being coerced or pressured. Gabriel simply told her what God wanted her to do.

5. Accept reasoned answers. Answers may include that Mary looks calm and thoughtful, SAMPLE not stressed or upset. She and the angel are looking straight at each other, which implies that they are speaking openly and honestly to each other.

6. That she sought to please God, sought to have His favor and had found it.

7. Accept reasoned answers. Answers may include that she became much closer to God, grew in love for Him, became more favorable to Him, grew in perfection by loving God even more.

8. Accept reasoned answers. Answers may include that Mary and Jesus show us that living in God’s favor is important because it leads to unity with God on earth and in Heaven; by living in God’s favor we learn God’s will for us; by living in God’s favor we can be instruments of His love.

158 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Created in His image and likeness.

2. We are a person, not an object.

SAMPLE

Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God 159 Answer Key 3. Not only self- awareness, but the ability to reflect on who we are (our memories, our personality, and our behavior, and so forth).

4. Free will, the ability to choose our actions.

5. The ability to give of ourselves (our time, energy, and so forth) to other people out of love.

6. God/God’s love/ being created in God’s image and likeness.

7. Any other factor (e.g, wealth, appearance, popularity, good decisions/poor decisions). SAMPLE

160 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Possible answers for the list include: driving to school, getting food from the grocery store, having a house to live in, playing a video game, etc. Essentially this is to drive home the point that nearly everything we do depends on other people in some capacity.

2. Possible answers for John’s point include: that we love God by loving other people; that if we don’t love other people, we’re not really loving God or acting like God. SAMPLE

Session 10: The Human Person Is Made in the Image and Likeness of God 161 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

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162 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 11 Made to Know and Love

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Truth is knowable, and the search ӹӹ Brainstorm ways they learn what is for it is worthwhile. true. ӹӹ There are three faculties of the ӹӹ Evaluate scenarios based on reason, soul: the intellect,SAMPLE the will, and the will, and emotions. capacity to love. ӹӹ Create a diagram for how ӹӹ The conscience is not rooted in conscience acts. feelings but is a reasoned application ӹӹ Look at sacred art. of the moral law to particular ӹӹ Reflect on Scripture that teaches us actions. how to love. ӹӹ God is love, and Jesus commands us to love God and to love our neighbors.

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 163 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Knowing Truth (page 73) ӹӹ Conscience (page 77) ӹӹ Reason-Choose-Feel (page 75) ӹӹ Christ the Redeemer Statue (page 79)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Scrap paper for journaling (if students do ӹӹ Catechist Resource: The Bible Teaches not have notebooks) Us about Love (page 180 in this guide)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Intellect: ӹӹ Will: ӹӹ Passions (emotions): Feelings. Responses of the body and soul to some experience of the senses. They are neither morally good nor morally bad. They only take on a moral quality when we use our intellect and will to direct them for some morally good or morally bad purpose. ӹӹ Conscience: The gift God gave human beings to be able to use reason in order to judge right from wrong. Conscience is God’s voice in our hearts. We have a responsibility to educate ourselves and inform our conscience with prayer and God’s word, about what is truly good. A poorly-formed conscience will lead us to sin. ӹӹ Love: The Theological Virtue by which we love God above all things and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God. Also called charity. ӹӹ Gospel: “Good News.”SAMPLE The four Gospels are the heart of the Scriptures and proclaim the Good News of salvation won for us by the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Gospels are our primary source of knowledge of the life of Jesus Christ.

Prayer for this session: Dear Father, you have revealed your great love for us through all time, in word and in deed. The greatest sign of your love for us is the gift of your Son. Please help us to know you, to love you, and to serve you so that one day we can be with you in Heaven. Amen.

164 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, photocopy and cut out enough cards on Catechist Resource: The Bible Teaches Us about Love (page 180 in this guide) so that each student receives one card.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Begin the lesson with a lighthearted discussion about knowledge and the Internet. Ask your students the following questions (or some of your own). ӹӹ How many articles are there on Wikipedia? Over 5,603,000 (as if April 2018). ӹӹ Why did the creators of Google name it Google? A “googol” is the number 1 followed by 100 zeros; the creators wanted to organize the immense amount of information on the Internet. ӹӹ How many movies are offered on Netflix? 13,300 worldwide (as of 2016). C. Explain to your students that there are a lot of things that we can “know.” Sometimes the amount we can know seems limitless! Ask students if it’s always easy to know what’s true and what’s false on the Internet. Emphasize that anyone can say anything they want on the Internet, and that sometimes only part of the facts are revealed. It is important that we trust the source of our information. Not only that, there is a difference between information and knowledge. Just because we might know that something is true doesn’t mean that we know why it is true. Unless we know how everything connects, we are only getting half of the story. SAMPLE

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 165 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

Knowing Truth A. Explain to your students that our Faith gives Read the paragraphs below, which are adapted from Pope St. John Paul II’s Fides 4. List three thingsDirections: you learned from your family that you know are true. et Ratio, nos. 25, 31-33. Then respond to the questions. ______us knowledge about a lot of things. Sometimes, ______ll human beings desire to know. This who wanted to deceive, but none who wanted A desire is aimed at discovering the truth. to be deceived.” …It is essential, therefore, 5. Do you think Everydayit’s possible life for shows one howperson concerned to double-check each everythat scientifi the values c fi nding chosen or anddouble- pursued in one’s however, we might question why something check every piece of information that exists on the Internet or on the news? Why or why of us is to discover for ourselves, beyond life be true. Only true values can lead people not? mere opinions, how things really are. …We to fully know themselves and become who ______are interested in the real truth of what we they were created to be. You don’t fi nd the is the way it is or wonder whether things are perceive. …If we discover something is false, truth of values by turning in on yourself. ______we reject it; but if we can establish truth, we You fi nd the truth by opening yourself up feel rewarded. It is this that Saint Augustine to understand the truth even when it goes teaches when he writes: “I have met many beyond yourself. really true. Our ability to reason is a great gift In believing, we entrust ourselves to the We see that men and women are on an knowledge acquired by other people. This unstoppable journey of discovery — a search suggests an important1. What tension. does OnPope the St. one John Paulfor II say truth that and human a search beings for wanta person to discover? they can hand, knowledge gained ______through belief can trust. The Christian faith comes to meet from God. He wants us to use it to grow in seem imperfect. You may want to perfect it them, offering the real possibility of reaching through evidence2. you What personally do humans observe. typically reject?the goal ______they seek. Moving beyond simple On the other hand, belief is often richer than belief, the Christian faith enables people to ______knowledge. Learning the truth about the world just evidence. Belief involves relationship share in the mystery of Christ. Christ offers between persons. It uses not only a person’s a true and understandable knowledge of 3. Where do we fi nd truth? ______potential to know, but also the deeper ability God. In Jesus Christ, who is the Truth, faith to trust others — to enter ______into an enduring recognizes the ultimate appeal to humanity. around us goes hand in hand with our Catholic relationship.

6. Why does beliefHuman involve beings a relationship are not made between to live people? alone. experience. Think about it — who could They are born into a family, growing there actually assess all the countless scientifi c Faith. ______until they enter society. Human beings are fi ndings on which modern life is based? ______born into traditions and language. They Who could personally examine the fl ow of receive a range of truths from the culture information which comes in day after day 7. Knowledge ofaround the ultimate them whichtruth — they God believe — is something almost on that can befrom diffi all cultover to the see world? on our This information B. Have students turn to Knowing Truth (page own. How doesinstinct. Christ …In help the with life that? of the person there are is generally accepted as true. The human many more truths that are simply believed being — the one who seeks truth — is also one ______rather than personally confi rmed through who lives by belief. 73) and work with partners to complete the ______activity. As students work, circulate around the 73 room to check for understanding.

74 C. When students have finished, review and discuss Knowing Truth together and answer any questions that may arise. Help your students come to understand that it is possible to know the difference between right and wrong, to use our reason to judge actions. Our consciences help us to recognize what is truly right and wrong.

Activity 2

A. Ask your students what we are made of as human persons. Body and soul.

EXPLAIN to your students that Early Christian theology distinguished three specific powers of the human soul:SAMPLE the intellect, the will, and the passions (which are emotions and appetites). Each of these powers does or experiences something specific. We have the abilities to use our intellect and our will and to experience emotions. B. Write the three powers of the soul on the board along with their definitions: ӹӹ Intellect — Power to reason. ӹӹ Will — Power to choose. ӹӹ Passions (emotions) — Power to feel. C. Explain to your students that what sets us apart from animals is our ability to think or reason. Just like animals are different from plants because they are able to experience passions (for example, a dog can feel frightened if threatened, or excited if its owner comes home), humans are different from animals because we can reason and choose to control our passions. Our

166 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

passions are not wrong in themselves, and there are many good things that we can desire. It is our reason that helps us make the right choice among all the different things we can have. For example, we might desire to eat an entire chocolate cake, but our reason tells us that if we eat the whole thing, we will get sick and not get our proper nutrition. So we use our will to choose to eat only a single slice of cake, or even to eat a salad first and the slice of cake later! D. Have your students turn to Reason-Choose- Feel (page 75) and have students complete it Reason-Choose-Feel individually. Circulate around the room to assist Directions:Situation For each 2 of the following scenarios, identify what the person reasoned with his or her intellect, chose with his or her will, and what feelings or passions were Every day after school, Tommy has to do his homework. School is diffi cult for Tommy, so involved. For the third situation, identify the reasoning, choices, and feelings of as needed while students are working. thinking through the assignments isn’t easy. After fi nishing his homework, Tommy is tired and a both people. little discouraged. He often watches TV for hours to forget about his work and feel better.

Intellect—Reason: Situation______1 E. When students have finished the worksheet, Liv has always had a place in her heart for animals. She has had pets since she was young and cares about______animals and their well-being. Liv is interested in volunteering at an animal shelter. She decides to do some research and fi nds a shelter near her house. She talks to her mom review and discuss together. Go over each about goodWill—Choose: times to volunteer, and her mom helps her sign up to volunteer. ______Intellect—Reason: situation from the worksheet and have students ______Emotions—Feel: determine who made good decisions and who Will—Choose:______made poor decisions. Give them a few minutes Situation 3 Passions—Feel: Nina doesn’t have a lot of friends at school and is often lonely. She sits by herself at lunch ______because she thinks it’s better than being ignored at a table full of people. Paul notices Nina to think. Call on students to share and explain ______sitting by herself every day. He remembers when he was new at school and didn’t have many friends. Paul is sad that Nina is alone. One day he goes to sit with her at lunch.

Intellect—Reason:

their thinking: ______

______ӹӹ Situation 1: Liv volunteering is good (she Will—Choose: ______helps others, she is communicating with her ______Emotions—Feel: mother to plan). ______75

ӹӹ Situation 2: Doing homework is good (it’s 76 assigned, helps Tommy learn), but watching hours of TV is a poor decision (better ways to spend time; Tommy might forget what he learned). ӹӹ Situation 3: Nina sitting alone could be good (maybe the other girls are mean) or poor (maybe they’re nice but Nina doesn’t want to conquer her fear); PaulSAMPLE sitting by her is good (act of love, he helps her).

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 167 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

Conscience A. Have your students turn to Conscience (page Part II Part I Directions: ComeDirections: up with threeFollow situations along with in which your ourteacher feelings and mighttake notes help asus instructed.to make the right decisions and three different situations in which our feelings might harm 77). It will serve as a template for note- our ability to make good decisions. God gave every human person a conscience. We use our conscience to make moral decisions: we use our reason to judge the good or evil of an action in light of the taking as you explain conscience. moral law. A well-formed conscience chooses the good; a poorly formed conscience Situationsmay inchoose which wrongly our and lead to sin.Situations We have to in follow which the our certain judgment of our feelings conscience,may HELP sous we must form ourfeelings conscience may HARM well with our God’s ability Word and prayer. make the right decision to make the right decision B. Have a student read the description on the

1. ______1. ______page, including the definition of conscience. ______Then ask your students what conscience is ______2. ______2. ______(a judgment of practical reason) and where ______judgments are made (in the intellect, which ______3. ______3. ______reasons). Have your student write “intellect” ______I. VI. ______II. VII. ______III. VIII. ______next to the stick figure’s head to indicate that IV. IX. V. X. this process occurs in our souls. C. Explain to your students that we have the 77 ability to judge whether an action is good or 78 evil. Then ask your students by what standard we judge whether something is good or evil? In light of the moral law. D. Explain to your students that using our conscience means that we think about right and wrong. Have your students draw an arrow from the stick figure’s head to the Ten Commandments. Continue to explain that we apply knowledge of the moral law to particular actions so that we can make a decision. Have your students draw an arrow from the Ten Commandments to the sign arrows. Help your students understand the idea that we think before we choose. E. Ask your students to identify which faculties of the human soul we have discussed so far (intellect and will). Have your students complete the rest of the worksheet, instructing them to come up with three situations in which our feelings might help us to make the right decisions and three different situations in which our feelings might harm our ability to make good decisions. ӹӹ Possible answers for “Help”:SAMPLE Feeling sad that someone else is hurt, so you comfort them; feeling bad about a wrong decision, so you apologize; feeling happy, so you smile at the people you see; etc. ӹӹ Possible answers for “Harm”: Feeling angry, so you’re mean to your family; feeling jealous, so you gossip about someone; feeling bored, so you complain; etc. F. Call on students to share their examples. Ask what might happen if we relied only on our feelings, not on our conscience, when we made decisions. We might make bad decisions.

EXPLAIN that our passions aren’t good or bad in themselves. It’s what we do with our passions that makes a difference. Sometimes our feelings are helpful, but other times they might influence us to make the wrong decisions. It’s important to consider everything with our conscience.

168 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 4

Christ the Redeemer Statue A. Have students turn to Christ the Redeemer Statue BY PaUL LaNDOwSKI (C. 1931) Christ the Redeemer Statue (page 79). Give students several minutes to Christ the Redeemer, by Paul Landowski (c. 1931) and to love children and the poor as Christ himself.” The Apostle Paul has given an incomparable depiction of charity: “charity is patient and kind, charity is not jealous or boastful; it is not arrogant or rude. Charity does not insist on its own way; it is not quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. Directions: Take someirritable time to or quietly resentful; view it and does refl not ect rejoice on the at art. wrong, Let yourselfbut rejoices be inspired in the right. Charity bears in any wayall that things, happens believes naturally. all things, Then hopes think all about things, the endures questions all things.”below and discuss them with your classmates. Charity is the virtue by which we follow Jesus in loving God above all and loving our Then ask students the following questions: neighbors as ourselves. What does this passage from the Catechism tell us about how Conversation Questionscharity helps us imitate Jesus’ love?

1. How would you7. describeJesus’ two how commandments Jesus looks in ofthis love statue? can be How visualized does His in appearancethe Cross: the add love to between God and your understandingeach of of who us on Jesus the is vertical and what line, He and is like?our love for each other on the horizontal line. How did Jesus show both loves on the Cross? ӹӹ What do you first notice about this work of 2. In what shape is Jesus standing in this statue? 8. How does Jesus’ Death on the Cross deepen your understanding of what it means to love 3. Read Mark 12:28-34.God In and what love two our ways neighbors? does Jesus command us to love? How would you put art? Jesus’ two commandments of love in your own words? One of the scribes, when he came forward and heard them disputing and saw how well he had answered them, asked him, “Which is the fi rst of all the commandments?” Jesus replied, “The fi rst is this: ‘Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God is Lord alone! You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with ӹ What do you like about it? all your strength.’ The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is ӹ no other commandment greater than these.” The scribe said to him, “Well said, teacher. You are right in saying, ‘He is One and there is no other than he.’ And ‘to love him with all your heart, with all your understanding, with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself’ is worth more than all burnt offerings and sacrifi ces.” And when EXPLAIN that this statue is located in Rio Jesus saw that [he] answered with understanding, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And no one dared to ask him any more questions.

4. What did the scribe in Mark 12:28-34 say that following these commands was worth more de Janeiro, Brazil, and is called Christ the than? 5. The Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 1766 tells us that “to love is to will the good of another.” How would you put this in your own words? Redeemer. In the 1850s, Fr. Maria Boss Corcovado Mountain, Tijuca Forest National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 6. Read Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 1825:

“Christ died out of love for us, while we were still ‘enemies.’ The Lord asks us to love suggested the idea of having a statue of Jesus as he does, even our enemies, to make ourselves the neighbor of those farthest away,79 atop Mount Corcovado, but his idea did not 80

come to fruition for 80 years. In the 1920s and 81 ’30s, money for building the statue was raised by the Catholic Circle of Rio. It was designed and made by Paul Landowski, Heitor da Silva, and Gheorghe Leonida. It is made of reinforced concrete with an outer layer of soapstone. ӹӹ Why do you think a city or country would build a statue of Jesus like this overlooking their city or land? Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ Why do you think the artists chose to depict Jesus with His arms open wide? Accept reasoned answers. His arms are open wide in the shape of a cross. ӹӹ How would you feel if you could look up every day in the place you lived and see a large statue of Jesus like this? Accept reasoned answers. B. Explain that God gave us all the abilities to reason, choose, and feel so that we would have the freedom to love. Jesus’ arms in the Christ the Redeemer statue are open wide in the shape of the cross to show us Jesus’ ultimate act of love for us, His Death on the Cross. C. Arrange students in smallSAMPLE groups and have them turn to Christ the Redeemer Statue (page 79). Ask them to discuss the questions with each other. During this time, try to keep students focused on the artwork and the discussion questions, letting their conversations go in unexpected ways. D. Then go over student responses as a class. E. Then distribute a card from Catechist Resource: The Bible Teaches Us about Love (page 180 in this guide) to each student, and have your students read the passages on their cards and answer the questions.

F. Circulate around the room, offering help, answering questions, and helping students focus. G. When your students have read their passage and answered the questions, call on students to share what they learned about love from their Bible passages.

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 169 LESSON PLAN

Get Ready for the Next Session Find online and print a picture of a superhero team (for example, Marvel’s Avengers, the Fantastic Four, the Justice League, the X-Men, and so forth). Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE

170 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. The truth of how things really are. Knowing Truth 2. Things that are

false. Directions: Read the paragraphs below, which are adapted from Pope St. John Paul II’s Fides et Ratio, nos. 25, 31-33. Then respond to the questions. 3. By being open to understand things ll human beings desire to know. This who wanted to deceive, but none who wanted A desire is aimed at discovering the truth. to be deceived.” …It is essential, therefore, that go beyond us. Everyday life shows how concerned each that the values chosen and pursued in one’s of us is to discover for ourselves, beyond life be true. Only true values can lead people mere opinions, how things really are. …We to fully know themselves and become who are interested in the real truth of what we they were created to be. You don’t fi nd the perceive. …If we discover something is false, truth of values by turning in on yourself. we reject it; but if we can establish truth, we You fi nd the truth by opening yourself up feel rewarded. It is this that Saint Augustine to understand the truth even when it goes teaches when he writes: “I have met many beyond yourself.

1. What does Pope St. John Paul II say that human beings want to discover?

______

2. What do humans typically reject? ______

______

3. Where do we fi nd truth? ______

______

Human beings are not made to live alone. experience. Think about it — who could They are born into a family, growing there actually assess all the countless scientifi c until they enter society. Human beings are fi ndings on which modern life is based? born into traditions and language. They Who could personally examine the fl ow of receive a range of truths from the culture information which comes in day after day around them which they believe almost on from all over the world? This information instinct. …In the life of the person there are is generally accepted as true. The human many more truths that are simply believed being — the one who seeks truth — is also one rather than personally confi rmed through who lives by belief. SAMPLE 73

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 171 Answer Key 4. Possible answers

include: objective 4. List three things you learned from your family that you know are true. things such as ______

math, left/right, ______

basic directions, 5. Do you think it’s possible for one person to double-check every scientifi c fi nding or double- facts about check every piece of information that exists on the Internet or on the news? Why or why not?

nature; subjective ______

things such as ______the importance of being polite. In believing, we entrust ourselves to the We see that men and women are on an knowledge acquired by other people. This unstoppable journey of discovery — a search suggests an important tension. On the one for truth and a search for a person they can 5. Most students will hand, knowledge gained through belief can trust. The Christian faith comes to meet seem imperfect. You may want to perfect it them, offering the real possibility of reaching probably say no, through evidence you personally observe. the goal they seek. Moving beyond simple there’s too much On the other hand, belief is often richer than belief, the Christian faith enables people to just evidence. Belief involves relationship share in the mystery of Christ. Christ offers information. If between persons. It uses not only a person’s a true and understandable knowledge of potential to know, but also the deeper ability God. In Jesus Christ, who is the Truth, faith students say yes, to trust others — to enter into an enduring recognizes the ultimate appeal to humanity. they should write relationship. something about 6. Why does belief involve a relationship between people? needing lots of ______time for that. ______

7. Knowledge of the ultimate truth — God — is something that can be diffi cult to see on our 6. You need to trust own. How does Christ help with that? what the other ______person is saying, ______because you can’t personally observe it.

7. Jesus Christ is 74 God, so we know we can trust what He says about SAMPLE Himself.

172 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Situation 1: Liv

ӹӹ Reason: Reading Reason-Choose-Feel the research

information, Directions: For each of the following scenarios, identify what the person reasoned with his looking at the or her intellect, chose with his or her will, and what feelings or passions were involved. For the third situation, identify the reasoning, choices, and feelings of schedule. both people. ӹӹ Choose: Deciding Situation 1 to do the Liv has always had a place in her heart for animals. She has had pets since she was young and research, signing cares about animals and their well-being. Liv is interested in volunteering at an animal shelter. She decides to do some research and fi nds a shelter near her house. She talks to her mom up to volunteer. about good times to volunteer, and her mom helps her sign up to volunteer. ӹӹ Feel: Care for Intellect—Reason: ______animals. ______

Will—Choose: ______

______

Passions—Feel: ______

______

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Session 11: Made to Know and Love 173 Answer Key Situation 2: Tommy

ӹӹ Reason: About his Situation 2 Every day after school, Tommy has to do his homework. School is diffi cult for Tommy, so homework. thinking through the assignments isn’t easy. After fi nishing his homework, Tommy is tired and a little discouraged. He often watches TV for hours to forget about his work and feel better. ӹӹ Choose: Do his Intellect—Reason: homework, watch ______

TV. ______

ӹӹ Feel: Tired, Will—Choose: discouraged, ______“better.” ______

Emotions—Feel:

______Situation 3: Nina and ______Paul Situation 3 ӹӹ Reason (Nina): Nina doesn’t have a lot of friends at school and is often lonely. She sits by herself at lunch About where to sit because she thinks it’s better than being ignored at a table full of people. Paul notices Nina sitting by herself every day. He remembers when he was new at school and didn’t have many at lunch. friends. Paul is sad that Nina is alone. One day he goes to sit with her at lunch. ӹӹ Choose (Nina): Sit Intellect—Reason: by herself. ______ӹӹ Feel (Nina): Lonely. Will—Choose: ______ӹӹ Reason (Paul): Remembering ______when he was new. Emotions—Feel: ______ӹӹ Choose (Paul): Sit with Nina. ______ӹӹ Feel (Paul): Sympathy. 76SAMPLE

174 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Conscience

Part I Directions: Follow along with your teacher and take notes as instructed.

God gave every human person a conscience. We use our conscience to make moral decisions: we use our reason to judge the good or evil of an action in light of the moral law. A well-formed conscience chooses the good; a poorly formed conscience may choose wrongly and lead to sin. We have to follow the certain judgment of our conscience, so we must form our conscience well with God’s Word and prayer.

I. VI. II. VII. III. SAMPLEVIII. IV. IX. V. X.

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 175 Part II Directions: Come up with three situations in which our feelings might help us to make the right decisions and three different situations in which our feelings might harm our ability to make good decisions.

Situations in which our Situations in which our feelings may HELP us feelings may HARM our ability make the right decision to make the right decision

1. ______1. ______

______

2. ______2. ______

______

3. ______3. ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

Accept reasoned answers

176 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Christ the Redeemer Statue BY PaUL LaNDOwSKI (C. 1931)

SAMPLE

Corcovado Mountain, Tijuca Forest National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 177 Answer Key 1. Answers may include Christ the Redeemer Statue strong, mighty, magnificent, Christ the Redeemer, by Paul Landowski (c. 1931) powerful. Answers

will vary. Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below and 2. The Cross. discuss them with your classmates.

3. We are Conversation Questions

commanded to 1. How would you describe how Jesus looks in this statue? How does His appearance add to love God and your understanding of who Jesus is and what He is like? neighbor. Accept 2. In what shape is Jesus standing in this statue? reasoned answers. 3. Read Mark 12:28-34. In what two ways does Jesus command us to love? How would you put Jesus’ two commandments of love in your own words? 4. Burnt offerings One of the scribes, when he came forward and heard them disputing and saw how well he had answered them, asked him, “Which is the fi rst of all the commandments?” Jesus and sacrifices. replied, “The fi rst is this: ‘Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God is Lord alone! You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is 5. Accept reasoned no other commandment greater than these.” The scribe said to him, “Well said, teacher. answers. You are right in saying, ‘He is One and there is no other than he.’ And ‘to love him with all your heart, with all your understanding, with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself’ is worth more than all burnt offerings and sacrifi ces.” And when 6. Answers may Jesus saw that [he] answered with understanding, he said to him, “You are not far from include that this the kingdom of God.” And no one dared to ask him any more questions. 4. What did the scribe in Mark 12:28-34 say that following these commands was worth more passage tells us than?

that charity helps 5. The Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 1766 tells us that “to love is to will the good of us to act with another.” How would you put this in your own words? enduring love as 6. Read Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 1825: Jesus did. “Christ died out of love for us, while we were still ‘enemies.’ The Lord asks us to love as he does, even our enemies, to make ourselves the neighbor of those farthest away, 80SAMPLE

178 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 7. Answers may

include that Jesus, and to love children and the poor as Christ himself.” The Apostle Paul has given an for love of the incomparable depiction of charity: “charity is patient and kind, charity is not jealous or boastful; it is not arrogant or rude. Charity does not insist on its own way; it is not Father, did His irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrong, but rejoices in the right. Charity bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.” Father’s will and Charity is the virtue by which we follow Jesus in loving God above all and loving our offered Himself neighbors as ourselves. What does this passage from the Catechism tell us about how to His Father. For charity helps us imitate Jesus’ love? 7. Jesus’ two commandments of love can be visualized in the Cross: the love between God and love of us, Jesus each of us on the vertical line, and our love for each other on the horizontal line. How did endured suffering Jesus show both loves on the Cross? and death on the 8. How does Jesus’ Death on the Cross deepen your understanding of what it means to love God and love our neighbors? Cross.

8. Accept reasoned answers.

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Session 11: Made to Know and Love 179 CATECHIST RESOURCE The Bible Teaches Us about Love

Directions: Copy and cut out the cards below, enough to give one to each student. Have your students read the passages on their cards and answer the questions.

John 3:16 For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him might not perish but might have eternal life.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

Psalms 18:2 I love you, Lord, my strength. 1. How does this passage SAMPLEhelp you understand the two greatest commandments? ______

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

180 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Luke 6:31 Do to others as you would have them do to you.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

Matthew 6:9-10 This is how you are to pray: Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as in heaven.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______SAMPLE

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 181 Romans 12:9 Let love be sincere; hate what is evil, hold on to what is good.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

Romans 13:9 The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery; you shall not kill; you shall not steal; you shall not covet,” and whatever other commandment there may be, are summed up in this saying, [namely] “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love? ______SAMPLE

______

182 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 1 John 4:19 We love because he first loved us.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

Ephesians 4:1-3 I, then, a prisoner for the Lord, urge you to live in a manner worthy of the call you have received, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another through love, striving to preserve the unity of the spirit through the bond of peace.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love? ______SAMPLE

______

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 183 1 John 4:7 Beloved, let us love one another, because love is of God; everyone who loves is begotten by God and knows God.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

John 15:12-13 This is my commandment: love one another as I love you. No one has greater love than this, to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love? ______SAMPLE ______

184 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 1 John 3:16-18 The way we came to know love was that he laid down his life for us; so we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers. If someone who has worldly means sees a brother in need and refuses him compassion, how can the love of God remain in him? Children, let us love not in word or speech but in deed and truth.

1. How does this passage help you understand the two greatest commandments?

______

2. What does this passage tell you about love?

______

SAMPLE

Session 11: Made to Know and Love 185 Notes ______

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186 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 12 The Virtues

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Perfect happiness comes from loving ӹӹ Reflect on what truly makes them God and being loved by Him. happy. ӹӹ When we chooseSAMPLE the good ӹӹ Think of examples for how they can consistently, it becomes a habit practice the cardinal virtues in their or virtue. own lives. ӹӹ The gifts of the Holy Spirit and the ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the virtues should inform the way we act theological virtues. in relationship to God and to others. ӹӹ Come up with a spiritual superhero. ӹӹ The virtues of faith, hope, and love help us to know and be in relationship with God.

Session 12: The Virtues 187 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Map to Happiness (page 82) ӹӹ Theological Virtues (page 87) ӹӹ Cardinal Virtues (page 85) ӹӹ Spiritual Superhero (page 89)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils ӹӹ A picture of a superhero team (e.g., Marvel’s Avengers, the Fantastic Four, the Justice League, the X-Men, and so forth)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Faith: The Theological Virtue by which we believe in God and all that He has revealed to us, as well as all that His Church teaches us to believe. ӹӹ Fortitude: A Cardinal Virtue that helps us continue when faced with difficulty. ӹӹ Hope: The Theological Virtue by which we desire the Kingdom of God and eternal life, and place our trust in all of God’s promises to us. ӹӹ Justice: A Cardinal Virtue that helps us give God and neighbor their due. ӹӹ Love: The Theological Virtue by which we love God above all things and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God. Also called charity. ӹӹ Prudence: A Cardinal Virtue that helps us to have right reason and put it into action. It helps us to make the right decisionSAMPLE at the right time and to find the best way to achieve a good outcome. ӹӹ Temperance: A Cardinal Virtue that helps us avoid extremes and find the right balance between too much and too little of the good things in life.

Prayer for this session: Dear Jesus, your Death, Resurrection, and Ascension opened the gates of Heaven for me. Help me to do your Father’s will so that I too may earn a place beside you in Heaven. Amen.

188 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, find online and print a picture of a superhero team (e.g., Marvel’s Avengers, the Fantastic Four, the Justice League, the X-Men, and so forth).

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Ask your students if they have ever been lost. Allow them a few minutes to share such experiences with the class. Then ask your students why getting lost is frustrating. Through the course of the discussion, help your students come to understand that getting lost is frustrating because when you’re lost, you want to arrive at a specific location, but you just can’t seem to get there.

EXPLAIN to your students that in a certain sense, all of life is a journey. We are always moving forward, traveling from where we were to where we will be. On any journey, whether it’s a road trip or a walk down the street, it helps us to know where we’re going and to have a good map. The same thing is true for our journey of life. As human persons, our ultimate destination is God Himself. We are made for the love of God, and He wants us to experience the perfect happiness of his love. Our journey of life is one that moves us closer to or away from God’s love for us.

Activity 1

A. Have your students turn to The Map to Happiness (page 82). HaveSAMPLE them work individually or with a partner to complete the activity. B. When students have finished, review and discuss the correct answers from The Map to Happiness.

Session 12: The Virtues 189 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Point out to your students that we can make right or wrong decisions that lead us toward or away from happiness, just as we can make a right or wrong turn toward or away from a destination. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ Where in life might you need to make decisions between right and wrong? Answers will vary. Reasoned answers should include situations that involve deliberation and choice (rather than involuntary action) and have some kind of moral content (usually a decision to help or harm). ӹӹ Why is it sometimes difficult to choose to do the right thing? Other people aren’t doing it, doing the wrong thing seems easier, we don’t want to, and so forth. ӹӹ When you breathe, do you think about it, or do you do it automatically? Students will likely be caught off guard by this question, but have them answer it anyway. The reasonable answer will be “automatically.” B. Invite your students to consider what it would be like if doing the right thing came as naturally and automatically as breathing. When doing the good becomes a habit, it’s called a virtue. Tell your students that in this lesson they are going to learn about specific virtues. C. Ask your students to turn to Cardinal Virtues (page 85), and have them, working individually, read about each cardinal virtue and then write an example of how they could practice that virtue in their life. D. When students have completed Cardinal Virtues, have them take turns sharing with a neighbor their examples of how to practice SAMPLEeach virtue.

190 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What makes a good friend? A good friend is trustworthy, fun, reliable, makes you happy to be around him or her, and so forth. ӹӹ If you want to become friends with someone, what do you do? Say hi, talk to the person, be kind, find out what the person likes, and so forth. ӹӹ If you want to stay friends with someone, what do you do? Not talk unkindly about the friend, stand up for him or her, treat the friend well, spend time with him or her, and so forth. B. Have a student volunteer stand with you in front of the class. Walk your students through the following scenario, adapting the wording to reflect your personal communication style: ӹӹ Let’s say that [Name] and I are very good friends. Now, let’s say that I don’t talk to [Name] for a week. I see [him/her] around, but I ignore [him/her]. I don’t ask how [Name] is doing. I don’t tell [him/her] about my life. But we’re good friends! What do you think? Is [he/she] really a good friend of mine? ӹӹ Your class should respond no. Allow the student to return to his or her seat. EXPLAIN to your students that it’s the same way with our friendship with God. God wants to be present in our lives. He wants to help us with our lives. Sometimes it’s easy to think that because we go to a Catholic school, we know God pretty well. But think about it: If I’m not talking to God about my life, if I’m ignoring Him during the day, how good can our friendship be? Remind students that they learned in Activity 1 that our true happiness comes from being with God because we were made by God for God, so that the desire for God is written in our hearts. But we cannot find true happiness with God unless we have a relationship with Him. C. Have your students turn to Theological Virtues (page 87). Have students work on it with a partner. SAMPLE D. When students have completed Theological Virtues, review and discuss the worksheet together in class.

Session 12: The Virtues 191 LESSON PLAN

Activity 4

A. Hold up a picture of a superhero team (e.g., Marvel’s Avengers, the Fantastic Four, the Justice League, the X-Men, and so forth). Ask your students what makes the team work so well. Each person has different strengths that complement and support the others on the team. B. Then explain to your students that they are now going to create a team of “Spiritual Superheroes.” C. Arrange your students in pairs or trios. Assign each group one of the cardinal virtues or theological. Then have students turn to Spiritual Superhero (page 89) in their workbooks. Have each group create a superhero who has the “power” of their assigned cardinal or theological virtue to help others in an extraordinary way. D. Circulate around the room to assess progress, to keep students focused, and to assist as needed. E. When students have completed the activity, have each group share their spiritual superhero with the class and explain how their character represents their assigned cardinal or theological virtue. SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring writing/loose-leaf paper and a Bible, candle, and icon or other sacred image. Review the upcoming session.

192 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 12: The Virtues 193 Answer Key 1. Friends (popularity), money, power, etc. — they can disappoint us; they don’t work out the way we thought.

2. Sometimes we seem to want to do things that don’t end up bringing us happiness.

3. We can have all our physical needs met but still be unhappy.

4. God, because He made us for Himself.

5. The state of blessed happiness in Heaven.

6. They shouldn’t be our final destination, but we can look at SAMPLE them as tastes of Heaven.

194 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Reflection Question: Accept reasoned answers.

SAMPLE

Session 12: The Virtues 195 Answer Key 1. Correct answers would vary the widest, as prudence ought to be used in every decision. Answers should show an understanding that prudence is used in decision making.

SAMPLE

196 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 2. Correct answers should show an understanding that temperance is akin to moderation.

3. Correct answers should show an understanding that justice in this context is not an exact synonym of “fairness” (some people might consider vengeance “fair”). As a virtue, justice means treating others with dignity.

4. Correct answers should show an understanding that fortitude is more than mere courage or bravery. While it requires a certain “bravery” to be a ski jumper, that’s SAMPLE not necessarily the virtue of fortitude. Fortitude is the courage to do a morally good action.

Session 12: The Virtues 197 SAMPLE

198 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Watching a celebrity on TV can provide only facts about that person, which is different from actually knowing him or her.

2. Faith is the theological virtue by which we believe in God and believe all that He has said and revealed to us and all that the Holy Church proposes for our belief, because He is truth itself.

3. Through trusting in His revelation of Himself.

4. Through Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and the Magisterium.

5. In the Person of Jesus Christ. SAMPLE 6. The theological virtue by which we desire the Kingdom of Heaven and eternal life as our happiness, placing our trust in Christ’s promises and relying not on our own strength, but on the help of the grace of the Holy Spirit.

7. That He would remain with us always.

8. Trust in God, who gives us the grace to become the people He calls us to be.

9. The theological virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.

10. Love the people in our lives.

Session 12: The Virtues 199 SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

200 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

Session 12: The Virtues 201 Notes ______

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202 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 13 Prayer

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Prayer is fundamentalSAMPLE to the ӹӹ Pray a Lectio Divina. Christian life. ӹӹ Look at and discuss sacred art. ӹӹ The Church teaches that prayer is ӹӹ Compare St. Peter’s and Samuel’s simply a “conversation” with God, a responses to God’s call. raising of the mind and heart to Him. ӹӹ Brainstorm examples of the different ӹӹ Types of prayer include blessing and types of prayer. adoration, petition, intercession, thanksgiving, and praise.

Session 13: Prayer 203 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (page ӹӹ Growing in Prayer (page 94) 91) ӹӹ Types of Prayer (page 96) ӹӹ God’s Call (page 92)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Guide to Lectio Divina (page 215 in this guide) ӹӹ Writing/loose-leaf paper ӹӹ Bible, candle, and icon or other sacred image (optional)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Prayer: Raising one’s mind and heart to God in praise of His glory, asking for some desired good, giving thanks, or asking for His blessing on others. Through a life of prayer we experience a relationship with God. ӹӹ Types of Prayer: Various forms of prayer developed in the great liturgical and spiritual traditions of the Church which include blessing and adoration, petition, intercession, thanksgiving, and praise.SAMPLE

Prayer for this session: Lectio Divina, instructions for which can be found on Guide to Lectio Divina (page 215 in this guide).

204 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Create a prayerful atmosphere in the room by dimming the lights and/or setting up a sacred space in the front of the room with a Bible, a candle, and/or a sacred image. B. Lead the class in Lectio Divina using Luke 5:4-11. Instructions for Lectio Divina can be found on Catechist Resource: Guide to Lectio Divina (page 215 in this guide). C. For the first eading,r have students close their eyes and simply listen. Tell them to write down one word or phrase that jumped out at them. Give them one or two minutes of silence to do this. D. For the second reading, have students close their eyes and really engage their imagination and senses to picture the scene. Tell them to write down an image that stood out to them. Give them one or two minutes of silence to do this. E. For the third and final reading, have them close their eyes and envision the scene again, this time placing themselves in the story and imagining themselves as one of the people in the story (for instance, one of the Apostles, Peter, or an onlooker on the shore). Tell them to write down what they think God is trying to tell them specifically through this passage. Give them three to five minutes of silence with the passage. SAMPLE

Session 13: Prayer 205 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Have your students turn to the The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (page 91). Once several minutes have passed, ask students: ӹӹ What do you first notice about this work of art? ӹӹ What do you like about it? ӹӹ Have you ever seen paintings like this? Where? ӹӹ Does it look old or new? B. Ask them what moment this painting portrays from the Scripture passage they just used in the Lectio Divina. The moment when Simon Peter falls on his knees before Jesus and says, “Depart from me, Lord, for I am a sinful man.” C. Have your students turn to God’s Call (page 92) and ask volunteers to read aloud 1 Samuel 3:4-10, 19-21, and the passage they just used for Lectio Divina, Luke 5:4-11. D. Then have your students write on the worksheet what Samuel and Peter did before, during, and after their conversations with God. Walk around the room, offering help, answering questions, and keeping students on task. E. Onc e students are finished, ask a few students to volunteer their answers and then lead them SAMPLEin discussing the following questions: ӹӹ Prayer is a conversation with God. In these Bible stories we have read, who initiated both conversations? What does that teach us about all prayer? God did. God always invites us to pray first! “Whether we realize it or not, prayer is the encounter of God’s thirst with ours. God thirsts that we may thirst for Him” (CCC 2560). ӹӹ How did Samuel and Peter show openness to God? Samuel was open to whatever the Lord said. Peter trusted the Lord and threw his nets over again. ӹӹ How did Samuel’s and Peter’s lives change after their encounters with God? Samuel became a prophet, and Peter became an Apostle and the first Pope.

206 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Have students turn to Growing in Prayer (page 94). If possible, play some calming music and/or lower the lights to create a prayerful atmosphere in your classroom. B. Ask students to quiet their minds and listen closely. Read aloud, or have students read aloud, the quotations on Growing in Prayer. Then ask students to quietly and prayerfully answer the questions. Offer help and insight as needed. C. Show the video “Share Jesus Lent Video 9: 3 Ninja Tricks to Listen to God,” found at the following link: SophiaOnline.org/3NinjaTricks. Then ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What are the three tricks to listen to God? Know the lie/claim the truth; tune in to the voice of Christ; and carve out silence. ӹӹ What are some lies that you have believed in your life? ӹӹ What does it mean to tune in to God’s voice? What other voices do we tend to tune in to? ӹӹ What is one way you can find silence in your life?

Activity 3

A. Explain to your class in a mini-lecture: There are several types of prayer. First, we must always remember that the Holy Spirit is a part of our prayer. It is through Him that we are able to call out to God as our Father. The five type of prayer are: blessing and adoration, petition, intercession, thanksgiving, and praise. Blessing and adoration isSAMPLE man’s response to God’s gift. To bless is to wish for or to give good things to another. To adore is to worship. God blesses us all the time - our very lives are a blessing! Because God is good and gives us all Good Things, we can in turn give good things back to him in worship of Him. Prayer of petition is to ask God for our own needs. The first need we must ask for is forgiveness. Then, for God’s Kingdom to come and for the grace to cooperate with its coming. And then, for all good things that we may need and even want. God wants us to trust Him enough to ask Him for everything. Intercession is prayer for the needs of others. We can pray for our family, our friends, anyone in need of prayer, and even for those who are in Purgatory. Prayer of Thanksgiving is just that – thanking God for all that He is and all He has given us. St. Paul teaches us to “give thanks in all circumstances,” so even in times of difficulty we can thank God for the good He may bring out of our mess. Last, praise is when we tell God that He is good and great for His own sake, not because of what He has done, but because of who He is. We recognize that God is God and we are His children.

Session 13: Prayer 207 LESSON PLAN

Maybe you have also noticed that prayer can be expressed in different ways. Sometimes in class we pray out loud. And sometimes you’re asked to close your eyes and meditate on a certain Scripture passage or scene. God even calls us to become so close to Him that we enter into contemplative prayer, which is when we just sit with Him in silence and allow Him to speak to us. B. Have your students turn to Types of Prayer (page 96) and work individually to complete the handout. C. When your students have completed Types of Prayer, call on several students to share aloud their examples of the different types of prayer.

Activity 4

A. Write the following quotation on the board: For me, prayer is a surge of the heart; it is a simple look toward heaven, it is a cry of recognition and of love, embracing both trial and joy. — ST. THÉRÈSE OF LISIEUX B. Explain any of the words your students might not know and then ask them the following questions: ӹӹ What does St. Thérèse say that prayer is? ӹӹ What does it mean to look toward Heaven? ӹӹ Why is it important to embrace both trial and joy in prayer? C. After your discussion, write this question on the board: What is prayer and why is it important? D. Have your students answer this question on their own paper. Give them time to reflect and write their responses in theirSAMPLE own words. Then choose a few volunteers to read their responses.

Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy and cut out enough strips from Catechist Resource: Saints on Prayer Strips (page 231 in this guide) for each group of three or four students to have one set. Bring writing paper. Review the upcoming session.

208 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 13: Prayer 209 SAMPLE

210 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Accept reasoned answers. Below are possible answers.

Before During After

ӹӹ Samuel was alert to the ӹӹ Samuel listened to the ӹӹ Samuel grew, and the Lord voice. Lord. was with him. ӹӹ Samuel said he was SAMPLEӹӹ Peter was amazed by Jesus ӹӹ Samuel became a great listening for whatever the and realized that Jesus was prophet of the Lord. Lord said. mighty and powerful. ӹӹ Peter pulled in the great ӹӹ Peter spent a long night ӹӹ Peter was humbled in draught of fish. working unsuccessfully. Jesus’ presence and saw ӹӹ Peter accepted Jesus’ ӹӹ Peter obediently put the himself as a sinful man. words and followed Jesus, net in again even though ӹӹ Peter spoke of his becoming an Apostle and he was weary. unworthiness to Jesus. the first Pope.

Session 13: Prayer 211 SAMPLE

212 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers.

2. Accept reasoned answers.

3. Accept reasoned answers.

4. Responses should reflect the sense that prayer is fundamental to the Christian life.

SAMPLE

Session 13: Prayer 213 SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

214 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS CATECHIST RESOURCE Guide to Lectio Divina

1. Choose a passage to focus on. Aim for five to ten verses. The Gospels are usually the best place to start when introducing someone to Lectio as they contain the most vivid images of Christ.

2. Create a prayerful atmosphere in the room or take students into a church/chapel.

3. Give students an opportunity to quiet down and focus themselves. Have them close their eyes and remove distractions from their mind as best they can.

4. Say a short prayer asking the Holy Spirit to guide this time of prayer and meditation. For example:

Come Holy Spirit, open our minds and our hearts to what Our Lord wants to say to us today. Give us ears to listen and help us to be open to receiving whatever Christ has for us. Help us to remove any distractions and allow us to come to know our Lord more deeply during this time of prayer.

5. Prepare to read the passage aloud once slowly. Have students simply listen to the words the first time through, and especially for any word or phrase that jumps out at them. Have them write down that word or phrase after you finish reading. Give them two to three minutes of silence after you have completed reading it.

6. Prepare to read the passage a second time. Before you begin reading, ask the students to really imagine the scene as best they can. Tell them to engage all their senses. For example:

ӹӹ What does the scene look like? ӹӹ What colors do they see? ӹӹ What are people wearing? ӹӹ What does the ground look and feel like? ӹӹ What do they smell? ӹ What sounds do theySAMPLE hear? ӹ ӹӹ What do the people look like? ӹӹ What does Jesus look like? How does His voice sound? ӹӹ What is the weather like? Sunny? Cloudy? Rainy? and so forth. 7. When you are done reading, have your students write down one sensory image that stood out to them. Give them two to three minutes of silence after you have completed reading it.

Session 13: Prayer 215 8. Prepare to read the passage a third and final time. Before you begin, have your students imagine themselves as a particular person in the passage.

ӹӹ Are they an onlooker? ӹӹ Are they one of the Apostles? Ask them to listen for what Jesus is personally trying to tell them through this passage and write that down once you are finished reading. Give them a more extended period of silence after this third reading, perhaps five to ten minutes.

9. Have students make a resolution to put into practice what they received in prayer. For example, will they:

ӹӹ go home that night and do something extra for their parents? ӹӹ go to Confession in the next week? ӹӹ commit to spending extra time in prayer this week? ӹӹ commit to doing some volunteer work? ӹӹ perform a particular Work of Mercy? ӹӹ pick a particular virtue to work on cultivating? ӹӹ work on their relationship with a friend or family member? Challenge them to pick something based on what they heard Christ say to them.

10. Close in a short prayer of thanksgiving.

SAMPLE

216 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 14 Prayer in Salvation History

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Lord is always the initiator in ӹӹ Compose a prayer petitioning God our relationship with Him. God calls to shepherd them through hardship. man first, and man’s first response is ӹӹ Think of ways to draw Old prayer. SAMPLE Testament examples of prayer into ӹӹ Prayer has a place all throughout their own lives. Salvation History. We see this in the ӹӹ Reflect on Jesus’ parables about readings of the Old Testament and prayer. especially with Abraham, Moses, ӹӹ Select their favorite saint quotations David, and the prophets. on prayer. ӹӹ Jesus continues to teach us about prayer and our relationship with God.

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 217 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Lord Is My Shepherd (page 97) ӹӹ Seek and Knock (page 101) ӹӹ Prayer in the Old Testament (page 98) ӹӹ Parables of Prayer (page 103)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Saints on Prayer Strips (page 231 in this guide) ӹӹ Writing paper/loose leaf

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Prayer: Raising one’s mind and heart to God in praise of His glory, asking for some desired good, giving Him thanks, or asking for His blessing on others. Through a life of prayer we experience a relationship with God.

Prayer for this session:SAMPLE The Lord is my shepherd; there is nothing I lack. In green pastures he makes me lie down; to still waters he leads me; he restores my soul. He guides me along right paths for the sake of his name. Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff comfort me. – Psalm 23:1-4

218 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, photocopy and cut out enough strips from Catechist Resource: Saints on Prayer Strips (page 24 in this guide) for each group of three or four students to have one set.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session, Psalm 23:1-4. B. Now tell students that you are going to pray together Psalm 23:1-4 again, and ask them this time to reflect carefully on the words. Then ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ To what does this psalm compare the Lord? A shepherd. ӹӹ Why do you the think the author of this psalm would use this metaphor for God? Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ How does the Lord shepherd us today? Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ What do you think “to still waters he leads me” means? Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ How does Jesus fulfill this psalm? Jesus calls Himself the Good Shepherd. He came to lead us away from sin and death back into relationship with God. C. Have students turn to The Lord Is My Shepherd (page 97), and have them compose a prayer asking God to shepherd them through a particular hardship they are enduring. Let them know that they will keep their prayers private. SAMPLE D. After they are finished, explain to your students that they are now going to learn about prayer in the Old Testament and how through a relationship of prayer God shepherded His people throughout Salvation History.

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 219 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. H ave your students turn to Prayer in the Old Testament (page 98) and, working individually or with a partner, read about prayer in the Old Testament and then answer the questions. B. When your students have completed Prayer in the Old Testament, review and discuss the correct answers. C. Conclude the activity by asking students to share what lessons they can draw for their own prayer lives from the examples of prayer in the Old Testament.

Activity 2

A. Have your students turn to Seek and Knock (page 101) and work individually to read Matthew 7:7-11 and answer the questions. B. Once your students have completed the answers on their handout, ask for student volunteers to share their answers aloud with the class.

Activity 3

A. Explain the following to your students in a mini-lecture: SAMPLEWe learn a lot about God through the stories of the Old Testament, but there was still more to learn about Him (and there always will be). Jesus Christ came in the fullness of time and revealed more of the Father. Jesus taught His disciples to pray in a specific way. He taught us that we must first come to God in humility. But He also taught us to be bold in asking for help. He said: “All that you ask for in prayer, believe that you will receive it and it shall be yours” (Mark 11:24). All of these concepts were new to the Jewish people. The people were familiar with faith in God but did not know God as a Father.

220 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Just like a good earthly father, our Father in Heaven longs to give us good things. In other words, He wants us to go to Him in prayer and ask for whatever we need. Often, we bring our doubt into prayer, with questions like, “Does He even care?” or “Why would He want to help me?” But always remember that God is a good Father. He wants to give His children the best. Although His answers to prayers aren’t always what we expect, He always listens and wants to give us good things. Christ also taught us that prayer must involve adherence to the will of God. For example, even in the most difficult time during the Agony in the Garden, Jesus prayed for His Father’s will: “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me; yet, not as I will, but as you will” (Matthew 26:39). It was, in fact, the will of the Father that Christ suffer and die for us, so Christ “took up His cross” and followed the will of God. Surely, if Christ can follow God’s will to the point of death, we can learn to follow His will in small ways daily through prayer. B. Distribute writing paper/loose leaf. Have students turn to Parables of Prayer (page 103). Have your students, with a partner, choose one of the three parables, read it, and then answer the questions on the writing paper. C. After your students have completed Parables of Prayer, call on students to share their answers aloud with the class and discuss all three parable options.

Activity 4

A. Read aloud to your students Hebrews 12:1-2: Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us rid ourselves of every burden and sinSAMPLE that clings to us and persevere in running the race that lies before us while keeping our eyes fixed on Jesus, the leader and perfecter of faith. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ Who is the “great cloud of witnesses” that the author speaks about? All those who have lived a faithful life before, the saints in Heaven. ӹӹ What does it mean to “persevere in running the race”? To endure or persist in living a faithful life, even when it seems difficult. ӹӹ Why is it necessary to keep our eyes “fixed on Jesus” in order to persevere in the Christian faith? Accept reasoned answers. ӹӹ What have the saints taught you in your own faith journey? Accept reasoned answers.

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 221 LESSON PLAN

ӹӹ Is there a particular saint who stands out to you as a model of faith and prayer? Why? Accept reasoned answers. B. Explain to your students that we can look not only to Scripture to learn about prayer but also to the example of the saints. Now we are going to consider the example of a few saints and what they teach us about prayer. C. Arrange your students in groups of three or four and distribute to each group a complete set of strips from Catechist Resource: Saints on Prayer Strips (page 231 in this guide). Have your students read each quote about prayer from a saint and then rewrite the quote in their own words on the back of the strip. D. When students have completed their answers, call on a few students to share their rewrites of the quotes with the class. E. Then ask each group to choose one quote that they feel best describes prayer as they understand it. After a sufficient amount of time, call on groups to share the quote they picked with the class and explain why they picked it.

SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring drawing paper and markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

222 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 223 SAMPLE

224 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. God is always the initiator. The first response is prayer, communication with Him.

2. As a relationship of intimate friends who lived together in paradise.

3. On the Lord.

4. He questions when God would answer his prayer.

5. Through trials and temptation, when we remain faithful to the Lord, He will hear our prayer and fulfill His promises to us.

6. Moses consistently communicates the needs of the Israelites to God SAMPLE and prays on their behalf, even when they reject God.

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 225 Answer Key 7. A rich life of prayer that strengthened Moses and humbled him for his mission.

8. Praising God and repenting when he failed.

9. Songs inspired by the Holy Spirit that sing of praise and thanksgiving, lamentation, and liturgy and that speak of the human heart in prayer. They also recall the saving events of the past and future salvation through the Messiah.

10. Not to flee the challenges of this world but, rather, to be attentive to the Word of God in the world in SAMPLE anticipation of salvation.

226 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Jesus. He comes from the Father and knows the way to Father. Through Jesus, our prayers are answered.

2. We must ask God for our wants and needs. And He answers our prayers!

SAMPLE

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 227 Answer Key 3. Accept reasoned answers.

4. We should come to God in prayer and ask Him for our needs and wants. Even though He already knows them, we should be like children asking their father for their needs and wants, and He will bless us.

5. Accept reasoned answers.

SAMPLE

228 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Option A: Luke 11:5-8

1. To borrow three loaves of bread to feed another friend who arrived at his house after a journey.

2. Do not bother me; the door has already been locked and my children and I are already in bed.

3. Friendship and persistence.

4. God will answer our prayers when we are persistent in prayer and because of our friendship with Him (which comes with persistence).

5. Accept reasoned answers.

Option B: Luke 18:1-8

1. To persuade the judge to rule SAMPLE in her favor against her adversary.

2. Because the widow kept “bothering him.” Her persistence.

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 229 Answer Key 3. Jesus.

4. God will answer our prayers when we are persistent in prayer (calling out to Him day and night).

5. Accept reasoned answers.

Option C: Luke 18:9- 14

1. Those who are convinced of their own righteousness and despise everyone else.

2. A Pharisee and a tax collector. The Pharisee thanked God that he is better than everyone else. The tax collector asked God for mercy because he was a sinner. 3. The tax collector, SAMPLE because he humbled himself before God.

4. We are all sinners and should approach God in prayer with humility as sinners rather than bragging of our holiness and goodness.

5. Accept reasoned answers.

230 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS CATECHIST RESOURCE Saints on Prayer Strips

Directions: Copy and cut out enough strips for each group of three or four students to have one set.

Prayer is the place of refuge for every worry, a foundation for cheerfulness, a source of constant happiness, a protection against sadness.

—ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM

It is simply impossible to lead, without the aid of prayer, a virtuous life.

—ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM

We set forth our petitions before God, not in order to make known to Him our needs and desires, but rather so that we ourselves may realize that in these things it is necessary to turn to God for help. SAMPLE—ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

Session 14: Prayer in Salvation History 231 In order to succeed in prayer, it should be done when we first awaken, when our whole being is calm and recollected. We need to make our meditation before anything else.

—ST. PETER JULIAN EYMARD

Prayer is nothing else than union with God. When the heart is pure and united with God, it is consoled and filled with sweetness; it is dazzled by a marvelous light.

—ST. JEAN-MARIE-BAPTISTE VIANNEY

Much more is accomplished by a single word of the Our Father said, now and then, from our heart, than by the whole prayer repeated many times in haste and without attention.

—ST. TERESA OF ÁVILA

Pray as though everything depended on God. Work as thoughSAMPLE everything depended on you. —ST. AUGUSTINE

Pray, hope, and don’t worry.

—ST. PIO OF PIETRELCINA

232 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 15 The Lord’s Prayer

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Christ teaches usSAMPLE how to pray to ӹӹ Explore what the Catechism says God as our Father. about prayer. ӹӹ Christ taught us the Our Father as ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the Lord’s a model of prayer. It encompasses Prayer. everything that can and must be said ӹӹ Read about how Jesus prays in to the Father. Scripture. ӹӹ We learn about prayer through the ӹӹ Write an informational pamphlet various Gospel accounts of Jesus describing the Lord’s Prayer. praying.

Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer 233 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Catechism on Prayer (page 105) ӹӹ Lessons from Prayer (page 108) ӹӹ The Lord’s Prayer (page 106)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Drawing paper ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Filial: The relationship of a son or daughter as to a parent. Jesus revealed God’s Fatherly love for us. Therefore, we can boldly approach God as our Father, as Jesus taught us.

Prayer for this session: Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven.SAMPLE Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.

234 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin class with a bit of Bible trivia. Ask, “How many times do you think the sacred authors of the Old Testament used the word Father for God?” According to Scott Hahn, the answer is 17 times. (Here you might hold up a Bible and mark the thickness of the Old Testament pages with your fingers.) B. Now ask, “In the Sermon on the Mount, the heart of Jesus’ teaching that we learned about, how many times does Jesus use the word Father to refer to God? Again, according to Scott Hahn, the answer is 17. You may wish to hold up the Bible and show the length of the Sermon on the Mount compared with all the books of the Old Testament. C. Finall y, tell students that during the Last Supper, far and away the most important event of His ministry before the Crucifixion, at which He instituted the Sacraments of the Eucharist and Holy Orders, Jesus uses the word Father 51 times — and 51 is 17x3. D. Note that, of course, these numbers may be just coincidental and could vary depending on the translation of the Bible that is used. But regardless of the precise frequency, Jesus’ use of the word Father is very significant. E. H ave students turn to The Catechism on Prayer (page 105) and give them time to answer the questions. Then reconvene the class and call on a few students to share SAMPLEtheir answers.

Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer 235 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Ask if anyone knows why the Our Father is also called the Lord’s Prayer. Because Jesus taught it to His disciples. B. Read aloud to your students Matthew 6:9-13, which is within Christ’s Sermon on the Mount: This is how you are to pray: Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as in heaven. Give us today our daily bread; and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; and do not subject us to the final test, but deliver us from the evil one. C. Clarify questions related to vocabulary as needed. For example, hallowed means holy or revered. Our daily bread refers not only to literal bread but also to our daily needs. Similarly, debts refers not only to financial debts but also to all offenses against justice. The evil one is the devil. And so forth. D. Let students know that the Church’s tradition of the Lord’s Prayer comes from this Gospel. E. Write the Our Father on the board and underline the seven petitions: ӹӹ Hallowed be Thy name. ӹӹ Give us this day our daily ӹӹ Lead us not into bread. temptation. ӹӹ Thy Kingdom come. ӹ Forgive us our ӹ Deliver us from evil. ӹӹ Thy will be done. ӹ ӹ trespasses. F. Explain that the number seven symbolized perfection in the ancient world, and the seven petitions are one sign that the Our Father is a perfect prayer. G. Give students the following mini-lecture: Christ’s disciples often asked Him about prayer. They saw Him as a holy teacher, the one who could bring them to the Father. Even before they understood His divinity, they knew that He was greater than anyone they had met before. So, consider why Christ chose to teach His disciples this specific prayer. Think about how it differs from what they were used to. First, Jesus revealed a filial relationship with God. Filial means of or due from a son or daughter. So filial love is the love fromSAMPLE a child to a parent. We can approach God as our Father. Fathers are so important that Jesus had not just a heavenly Father but also an earthly one: his “foster father,” St. Joseph. By choosing to be raised by a mother and a father, Jesus elevated the dignity of the family and affirmed how essential the love between parent and child is. This love God offers us makes perfect sense. Our families may not all live together, but every human being on this planet was born to a mother and a father. On a very human level, we know this kind of love intimately. It makes sense—a child needs and wants his or her parent’s loving support, and a parent instinctively wants to share his or her child’s joy and sorrow. Think of a little girl who comes home from a tough day at school. She was frustrated when the other kids could run faster than she could and stole her toys. She comes to her loving father and tells him about what happened. What is his reaction? Annoyance? Reproach? Of course not! His heart longs for her to share her sorrows with him. He wraps her in a big hug and says, “I love you.”

236 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Think of a high school freshman who was stressed out all week about his biology test. His loving father helped him study and knew how hard he tried. He comes home from school to give his dad the news. “I aced my test!” What does his father do? Ignore him? Laugh at his menial accomplishment? No, he pats him on the back and tells him how proud he is. This is the relationship of a loving father and his children. This is how Jesus taught us to approach God in prayer. Second, you’ll notice that there are many elements of prayer within the Our Father. For example, we can see a prayer of blessing and adoration in the words, “hallowed be Thy name,” reminding ourselves that God is holy and adoring Him for His goodness. We also recognize a prayer of petition in the words, “give us this day our daily bread,” which refers not just to bread in the literal sense but to all of our daily needs. H. Have students turn to The Lord’s Prayer (page 106) and complete the worksheet. When they are finished, go over responses as a large group.

Activity 2

A. Have students turn to Lessons from Prayer (page 108). Once they have completed their worksheets, instruct them to turn to a partner and discuss their answers. Then call on a few students to share their answers with the class. B. Wrap up this activity by recalling the discussion on filial love. SAMPLE ӹӹ Our parents’ love for us means that they want to share our joys and sorrows. ӹӹ God’s love is even greater than our parents’ love, and because He is all knowing, He knows our sufferings and can be with us in our deepest hurts. Our sufferings can bring hope because we know that God makes all things new. ӹӹ God also understands our greatest joys. He rejoices with us when we do good, obey His will, and grow closer to Him.

Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer 237 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

Distribute drawing paper and make markers or colored pencils available. Instruct your students to create a trifold pamphlet on the Lord’s Prayer using the directions below or similar: Create a pamphlet to help someone who has never prayed to pray the Lord’s Prayer. Make sure to explain the origin of the prayer, how to begin the prayer, where and when it can be prayed, and any other information and encouragement you would like to include to illustrate how and why to pray the Lord’s Prayer. You should be sure to use: ӹӹ Scripture passages. ӹӹ Information from the Catechism. ӹӹ Saint quotations. ӹӹ Your own artwork.

SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Ask students to bring their rosaries to the next class. Bring extra rosaries for those who do not have them. Review the upcoming session.

238 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. By hearing the Word of the Lord and meditating on his Passion, Death, and Resurrection. He invites us to Him at all times.

2. Providence

3. In the present moment.

4. Be open to His voice; do not despair or prefer your own desires over God’s.

5. Accept reasoned answers.

SAMPLE

Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer 239 Answer Key 1. Our Father

2. Your name is holy, we worship you (meaning God the Father).

3. We will be forgiven inasmuch as we forgive others.

4. The Lord’s Prayer, or the Our Father.

Reflection Questions:

5. Within the Sermon on the Mount. This is the heart of Jesus’ teaching. This setting shows us the importance of this prayer.

6. All types are encapsulated in this prayer. SAMPLE

240 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer 241 Answer Key 1. They are all about prayer; in all of them Jesus either prays alone or says prayer should not be done to show off.

2. Accept reasoned answers. Praying in solitude minimizes distractions, allows one to focus on God, and disposes one to hear what God is saying. Jesus did not always pray alone — He also prayed in public, but always in sincerity (rather than hypocrisy) and in obedience to the Father.

3. Accept reasoned answers. SAMPLE

242 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 4. In the Garden of Gethsemane; He is feeling sorrowful.

5. He asks if it would be possible for Him not to have to suffer. Yet He is always obedient to the Father’s will.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

SAMPLE

Session 15: The Lord’s Prayer 243 Notes ______

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______SAMPLE ______

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244 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 16 Praying in Communion with Mary

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Blessed VirginSAMPLE Mary is the ӹӹ Look at sacred art. Mother of the Church and is called ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of Our Lady of the Spouse of the Holy Spirit and the Guadalupe. Mediatrix of Grace. ӹӹ Read Scripture on the Visitation and ӹӹ Mary is a model of faith and charity. the Crucifixion. ӹӹ The Mother of God can teach us ӹӹ Reflect on quotations from saints many lessons about prayer, from about Mary. receptivity to obedience in times of joy and in sorrow.

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 245 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Our Lady of Guadalupe (page 110) ӹӹ Mary at the Crucifixion (page 16)1 ӹӹ The Visitation (page 114) ӹӹ Mary and the Saints (page 117)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Rosary beads

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Mediatrix of Grace: Title for Mary that describes her instrumental role in our salvation as the Mother of God. Her “yes” to God allowed God’s plan for salvation to be completed in His Son, Jesus Christ. Therefore, she acted as a mediator (mediatrix), or go between, of God’s grace. As Queen of Heaven, Mary continues to mediate all graces that come to us through by her son, Jesus Christ. Mary’s unique cooperation with her son in no way diminishes His own mediation, but flows from it, depends entirely on it, and draws all its power from it. ӹӹ Spouse of the Holy Spirit: Title for Mary that describes her close relationship with the Holy Spirit. Mary become the Mother of God by the power of the Holy Spirit. ӹӹ Visitation: The Gospel story of Mary’s visit to her cousin Elizabeth shortly after the Angel Gabriel had appeared to Mary to announce the Incarnation. At their meeting, the child in Elizabeth’s womb, JohnSAMPLE the Baptist, leapt for joy in the presence of the unborn Jesus.

Prayer for this session: Remember, O most gracious Virgin Mary, that never was it known that anyone who fled to thy protection, implored thy help, or sought thine intercession was left unaided.

Inspired by this confidence, I fly unto thee, O Virgin of virgins, my mother; to thee do I come, before thee I stand, sinful and sorrowful. O Mother of the Word Incarnate, despise not my petitions, but in thy mercy hear and answer me. Amen.– The Memorare

246 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Read aloud from Genesis, the first book of the Bible: “I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; they will strike at your head, while you strike at their heel (Genesis 3:15). Here God chastises the serpent for deceiving Adam and Eve and promises to send a Savior who will strike the serpent’s head—that is, conquer the devil. C. Now turn to the book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible, and read aloud: “A great sign appeared in the sky, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars” (12:1). Ask students to keep these two images in mind as you move on to the next activity. D. Now have students to turn to Our Lady of Guadalupe (page 110) and respond to the questions. E. Review the answers on Our Lady of Guadalupe and invite students to share what they found most interesting about the image and the story of Our Lady of Guadalupe.SAMPLE

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 247 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Transition now by asking what our Lady is doing in the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe. She may not at first appear to be doing anything, but in fact, she is praying! We can see this by looking at her folded hands and her bowed head. B. Explain in a mini-lecture: Mary can teach us so much about prayer and what it means to be a child of God. Today we looked at the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, which demonstrates Mary’s profound obedience and receptivity. As we read, our Lady was carrying the Savior in her womb in this apparition. Today she is patroness of the unborn — protector of babies in the womb.

When she said yes to the Lord’s will, she was saying yes to a lot. Take a moment to think about what it would be like if you were in Mary’s situation. What if the Lord came to you today and asked you to do something radical for Him? What would your response be? Would it be difficult to say yes?

In those days, women who were pregnant and unmarried could be stoned for their actions. Also, Mary was so close to the Lord that it is possible that she knew the suffering that would come in the Passion and Death of Christ. She personified perfect obedience and trust in the goodness of God.

Through Mary’s yes the world was saved, and we are taught deeper obedience to the will of God.

C. H ave your students turn to The Visitation (page 114) and answer the questions with a partner. When students are finished, call on a few groups to share their answers with the SAMPLEclass and discuss.

248 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Explain to the class in a mini-lecture: We see Mary’s joy and exaltation of God in the Visitation. Her response to her cousin’s joy is to pray! She focuses not on herself but on God — on His goodness and His fidelity to His promises.

The words of the Magnificat, Mary’s prayer in the Gospel’s story, can be used in our own prayer.

We are all called to “proclaim the greatness of the Lord” and “rejoice in God” our Savior. Mary speaks these beautiful words to Elizabeth, but she also gives them to us. In times when we want to praise God’s works, we can go back to this Gospel and pray these words.

However, we also know that Mary was a woman of many sorrows. She underwent one of the the worst things that a person can ever endure, the torturous death of her child.

Even in her sorrow and pain, she teaches us about what it means to be a disciple of Christ. She was sorrowful, but she did not lose hope. Mary trusted that God had great plans and that He can make “all things new,” just as Christ promised. We can learn much about prayer through Mary’s joy as well as through her suffering. Through it all, she continued to be obedient to God, whom she trusted as Father and Savior. Mary at the foot of the Cross invites us to face sorrow and pain with her, praying for her intercession in these times of suffering.

B. Instruct students to turn to Mary at the Crucifixion (page 116) and answer the questions on their own. C. When students have finished, call on a few students to share their answersSAMPLE with the class. Emphasize that we too, as Jesus’ disciples, should “take Mary into our home.”

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 249 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Explain to the class in a mini-lecture: We have discussed one of the Joyful Mysteries: the Visitation, and one of the sorrowful mysteries: the Crucifixion. These events from Jesus’ and our Lady’s lives help us learn to pray.

The Church gives Mary many titles, such as “Mother of God” and “Our Lady,” which you have probably heard before. The Church also refers to Mary as the “Mediatrix” of grace. A mediator is one who serves as a go-between between two people or parties. The graces we receive from Jesus all come through Mary — the God-bearer through whom the Savior entered the world.

Mary was and is so close to the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, that the title “Spouse of the Holy Spirit” has been given to her to express this relationship. She was obedient to the Lord and close to Him in prayer, teaching us about trust and assent to God’s will. Mary’s will was (and is) so united to God’s that we can say she is “conformed” to Him while still retaining her free will. This is our goal as well!

We ask for Mary’s intercession to present our petitions to her Son. In other words, she brings our prayers to Jesus on our behalf. Mary does not replace Christ in any way, but she participates in our salvation in a very active way.

B. Instruct students to turn to Mary and the Saints (page 117) and complete the worksheet. Have student volunteers share their responses with the class. SAMPLE

250 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 4

A. Pray together the Rosary (or only a decade of the Rosary if time is short). B. Some of your students may already be familiar with the Rosary, and others might never have prayed it before. Whether they have prayed it before or not, encourage them to enter into the prayer as deeply as possible, asking the Holy Spirit to be with them. C. You may ask students for prayer intentions before you begin the Rosary; then call on students to lead each decade.

SAMPLE Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy enough copies of Catechist Resource: Scriptural Stations of the Cross (page 279 in this guide) so that each student is assigned a station. Photocopy and cut out two sets of the cards on Catechist Resource: Devotional Prayer Cards (page 277 in this guide). Arrange ahead of time to take students to a chapel for Eucharistic Adoration. Bring markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 251 SAMPLE

252 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 253 SAMPLE

254 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers.

2. Accept reasoned answers.

3. Mary is the woman being described, and we see connections to this description in the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, from her cloak to the moon at her feet.

4. Mary is the offspring of Eve, and from her came Christ, the promised Savior.

5. Her hands are folded in prayer, and she is looking downward in pure humility. SAMPLE

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 255 SAMPLE

256 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Elizabeth’s baby leapt in her womb with joy.

2. Because our lives begin at conception. Though Jesus was still growing in His mother’s womb, He still is recognized for the person that He is. The Visitation serves as witness to the fact that life begins at conception.

3. They come from the Hail Mary. They mean that Mary was granted a very special blessing by God in the baby she was carrying.

4. Accept reasoned answers.

5. Mary exudes pure humility, SAMPLE obedience to God’s will, and faith in His promises. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 257 Answer Key 1. She was surely in agony, yet trusting in the goodness of God.

2. Jesus loved His mother very much. He wanted to be sure someone would care for her throughout her life. It is also significant that He tells Mary that St. John is her son. The Church is the whole body of believers, and Mary is the Mother of the Church.

3. Along the lines of the above, Mary is our mother. We can always turn to her, and she will bring our prayers to Jesus. 4. We can learn that SAMPLE God will never abandon us, and neither will Mary. We can learn faithfulness and perseverance through suffering and always to trust in the goodness of God.

258 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 16: Praying in Communion with Mary 259 SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

260 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 17 Ways of Praying

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ When we pray, our hearts are in ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the Liturgy communion withSAMPLE God. of the Hours. ӹӹ Types of prayer include meditative ӹӹ Adore Jesus in the Blessed prayer, contemplative prayer, and Sacrament. devotional prayer. ӹӹ Draw an assigned Station of the ӹӹ The Liturgy of the Hours is the Cross. public prayer of the Church in ӹӹ Fill out a chart on devotional which the clergy and laypeople alike prayers. “exercise the royal priesthood of the baptized” (CCC 1174).

Session 17: Ways of Praying 261 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Pray without Ceasing (page 119) ӹӹ Devotional Prayer: The Stations of the ӹӹ The Liturgy of the Hours (page 120) Cross (page 124) ӹӹ I Look at Him, and He Looks at Me (page ӹӹ Prayer Chart (page 126) 122)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Devotional Prayer ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Scriptural Stations of Cards (page 277 in this guide) the Cross (page 279 in this guide) ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Novena: A nine-day prayer for a specific intention. ӹӹ Relic: An artifact of the saints and their holy lives worthy of veneration, such as their bodies, something they owned, or other items closely associated with them. While a relic does not give us grace directly, we believe they can be vessels for grace that bring us closer in relationship to God. SAMPLE ӹӹ Veneration: The act of honoring. As Catholics we honor the saints and other artifacts of their holy lives, called relics.

Prayer for this session: My God, I believe, I adore, I hope and I love Thee! I ask pardon for those who do not believe, do not adore, do not hope and do not love Thee. – The Pardon Prayer

262 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, arrange to take students to a chapel for Eucharistic Adoration if possible. Photocopy enough copies of Catechist Resource: Scriptural Stations of the Cross (page 279 in this guide) so that each student is assigned a Station of the Cross. Photocopy and cut out two sets of the cards on Catechist Resource: Devotional Prayer Cards (page 277 in this guide). Set up eight stations around the room and place one card at each station.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Pose the following question for discussion: Is there a routine that you follow to get ready for school in the morning or for bed at night? What does it look like? Have students share with a neighbor and take a few answers from volunteers. C. Debrief for a few moments after a few people have shared. Why do we seek routines? Why are good routines good for us? There is comfort in consistency and having order and structure in our days. More than that, though, students should recognize that routines create habits, and therefore good routines create good habits. Good habits lead to virtue and growing in holiness. D. To conclude the discussion, ask students to read along with you in their Bibles (or you can ask students to turn to PraySAMPLE without Ceasing (page 119). Read aloud 1 Thessalonians 5:12- 22. E. Ask students to answer the question on the worksheet and to share their responses with the class.

Session 17: Ways of Praying 263 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Point out to students that we can pray unceasingly in our hearts, speaking to God all through the day. In addition, the Church has given us an official way to pray without ceasing; it is called the Liturgy of the Hours. B. Have students turn to The Liturgy of the Hours (page 120) and share the following information with the whole class. Have them fill in information about each of the hours as the class discusses it. The words to the fill-in-the- blanks are in bold for emphasis: The Liturgy of the Hours is intended to become the prayer of the whole People of God. In it Christ himself “continues his priestly work through his Church.” His members participate according to their own place in the Church and the circumstances of their lives: priests devoted to the pastoral ministry, because they are called to remain diligent in prayer and the service of the word; religious, by the charism of their consecrated lives; all the faithful as much as possible: “Pastors of souls should see to it that the principal hours, especially Vespers, are celebrated in common in church on Sundays and on the more solemn feasts. The laity, too, are encouraged to recite the divine office, either with the priests, or among themselves, or even individually.” (CCC 1175) What that means is the wholeSAMPLE Church can participate in the Liturgy of the Hours, so at any point during the day, someone around the world is praying that prayer of the Church. The pope, cardinals, bishops, priests, nuns, sisters, brothers, and monks are all obligated to pray the full sequence of the hours, observing as closely as possible the true time of day. When laypeople pray the Liturgy of the Hours, they are joining the greater Church in doing so. The tradition of praying the Hours came from communities setting aside times for prayer as part of the routine to call people to be with the Lord and their community. The Liturgy of the Hours is based almost entirely on Scripture, and is on a four-week cycle. Note: More information about praying the Hours can be found at the following sites: ӹӹ SophiaOnline.org/ANunsLifeLiturgyoftheHours. ӹӹ SophiaOnline.org/ChurchPopLiturgyoftheHours.

264 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Remind students that they learned that one of the ways God calls us to be close to Him is through contemplative prayer. To contemplate something means to think deeply about something, often to reflect on its mystery or grandeur. B. List on the board some things one might contemplate, and ask students to add to the list: ӹӹ You might sit on the beach and contemplate the beauty of the ocean. ӹӹ You could lie down on the roof of a building and look at the stars, contemplating the vastness of the universe. ӹӹ You might contemplate the majesty of the mountains or the Grand Canyon. ӹӹ You may stand in front of a beautiful painting to contemplate its beauty. ӹӹ When you spend time in Eucharistic Adoration, you contemplate the mystery and incredible gift of Jesus’ presence in the Eucharist. C. Ask students to brainstorm some responses to the question: What type of environment helps make it easier to contemplate? Encourage responses along the lines of silence, quiet, few distractions, solitude, and so forth.

EXPLAIN to your students that Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament is spending time with Jesus as He is truly present in the consecrated host. The host is placed in a golden vessel called a monstrance. The word monstrance comes from the Latin word monstrare which means “to show.” Adoration is available in most parishes on the evening of Holy Thursday, and many parishes offer Adoration on a particular day of the week. D. Share your own experienceSAMPLE of Adoration with the students. E. Have students read and complete I Look at Him, and He Looks at Me (page 122). Take students for 15 to 20 minutes of Adoration in your chapel, if possible.

Session 17: Ways of Praying 265 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Make markers and/or colored pencils available. Assign each student a Station of the Cross and distribute to them their assigned station from Catechist Resource: Scriptural Stations of the Cross (page 279 in this guide). Have students turn to Devotional Prayer: The Stations of the Cross (page 124), read the essay, and answer the questions on their assigned station as well as draw a depiction of the station. B. Have students volunteers share their pictures with the class.

Activity 4

A. Have students turn to Prayer Chart (page 126) and give them time to fill out what they already know and questions they have about each type of prayer. B. Break the class into eight groups and set each group in front of one of the stations you created before class with a card from Catechist Resource: Devotional Prayer Cards (page 277 in this guide). C. Students will rotate through the stations. At each station, they should: ӹӹ Look up and summarize the Scripture in the SAMPLEfirst column ofPrayer Chart. ӹӹ Read the information. ӹӹ Discuss the Conversation Question. ӹӹ Fill in the final olumnc on Prayer Chart. D. Have groups rotate to a new station three times until they have completed all four cards. E. Wrap up by inviting volunteers to share their responses and then discussing as a class the Conversation Questions found on the prayer cards.

266 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy and cut out Catechist Resource: “Just” a Ritual? Strips (page 308 in this guide), enough to give one event strip to each student. Prepare the Online video Khan Academy Chartres Cathedral found at SophiaOnline.org/Chartres. Bring tape. Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE

Session 17: Ways of Praying 267 Answer Key To practice virtue, and to pray without ceasing.

SAMPLE

268 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Answers given on page 264 in this guide.

Session 17: Ways of Praying 269 SAMPLE

270 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 17: Ways of Praying 271 Answer Key 1. A priest from Ars, France.

2. “I look at Him, and He looks at me.” Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament.

3. Contemplative prayer spent in the presence of the Blessed Sacrament.

4. A sacred vessel that holds a consecrated host for Adoration.

5. To think deeply about something and marvel at it.

6. It nourishes social love and gives us opportunities for Adoration and thanksgiving, for reparation and supplication. The Blessed Sacrament is SAMPLE Jesus’ Real Presence in the fullest sense.

Reflection Question: Accept reasoned answers.

272 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

Session 17: Ways of Praying 273 SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

274 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Scripture summaries:

ӹӹ Novena: After Jesus ascended into Heaven, the Apostles prayed for nine days. On the tenth day, the Holy Spirit descended. ӹӹ The Rosary: These verses, including words spoken by the angel Gabriel and St. Elizabeth to the Blessed Virgin Mary, form the first part of the Hail Mary.

Accept reasoned answers for the remainder of the chart. SAMPLE

Session 17: Ways of Praying 275 Answer Key Scripture summaries:

ӹӹ Veneration of Relics: These verses provide a biblical reference for the veneration of relics, as they describe how God’s healing power was transmitted through St. Paul’s clothing. ӹӹ Pilgrimage: Christians have a true home in Heaven.

Accept reasoned answers for the remainder of the chart.

SAMPLE

276 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS CATECHIST RESOURCE Devotional Prayer Cards

Directions: Cut out the cards and place them at “stations” around your classroom.

Novena Read: Acts 1:14 and write a summary in the chart. (Hint: How many days passed between the Ascension and the Holy Spirit’s descent at Pentecost?)

A novena is a nine-day prayer for a specific intention. (Novena comes from the Latin word novem, which means “nine.”) For example:

ӹӹ The Novena to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, written by St. Margaret Mary Alocoque. ӹӹ The Divine Mercy Novena, traditionally begun on Good Friday and completed on Divine Mercy Sunday. ӹӹ Novena to the Holy Spirit, traditionally prayed the nine days before Pentecost. Conversation Question: Have you ever said a novena? Is there a saint you’ve learned about this year whose life especially inspired you and whom you could ask to pray for you?

The Rosary Read: Luke 1:28 and Luke 1:42, and write a summary in the chart. The Rosary is a prayerSAMPLE in which we recite the Apostles’ Creed, the Our Father, the Hail Mary, the Glory Be, and the Hail Holy Queen, while meditating on mysteries from the lives of Jesus and our Blessed Mother.

Conversation Question: The Rosary might seem long or repetitive. How could lengthy repetition of prayers help your communion with God?

Session 17: Ways of Praying 277 Veneration of Relics Read: Acts 19:11-12 and write a summary in the chart.

We honor saints because they lived holy lives and are now in Heaven with our Lord. In this way, their bodies and items closely associated with them are links to Heaven! We do not believe that the relics of saints give us grace directly, but we believe they can be vessels for grace.

Conversation Question: St. Jerome explained the veneration of relics in AD 420: “We do not worship, we do not adore, for fear that we should bow down to the creature rather than to the Creator, but we venerate the relics of the martyrs in order the better to adore Him whose martyrs they are.” How would you put this description in your own words?

Pilgrimages Read: Hebrews 11:16 and write a summary in the chart.

A pilgrim is a person who leaves his or her home and travels to another, more holy one. All Christians are pilgrims on earth, because our true home is Heaven! During this life, we can make pilgrimages, or visits to holy places. For example, you might make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to walk from Galilee to Bethlehem as Mary and Joseph did, or in the footsteps of Jesus to the Cross. You might visit Lourdes, France, where our Lady appeared to St. Bernadette, and bathe in the healing waters of the spring.

Conversation Question: Have you ever visited (or wanted to visit) a place that was important in your family history? Why would being physically present in a special place be meaningful? SAMPLE

278 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS CATECHIST RESOURCE Scriptural Stations of the Cross

The following Stations of the Cross are based on those celebrated by Pope John Paul II on Good Friday 1991. They are presented here as an alternative to the traditional stations and as a way of reflecting more deeply on the scriptural accounts of Christ’s Passion.

The presiding minister may be a priest, deacon, or layperson. This minister prays the opening and closing prayers, leads the acclamation, announces the stations, and says the prayer that concludes each station. One or more readers may read the scriptural reflections. A period of silence should be observed between the Scripture reading and the prayer. A crossbearer accompanied by two candlebearers may stand in front of each station as it is announced. As the cross- and candlebearers move between the stations, all may sing a verse of the Stabat Mater (At the Cross Her Station Keeping—traditional) or an appropriate antiphon, such as Parce Domine (traditional, various settings) or Crucem Tuam (Berthier, GIA).

Before each station: Minister: We adore you, O Christ, and we bless you.

All: Because by your holy cross you have redeemed the world.

After each station: All: Lord Jesus, help us walk in your steps.

Opening Prayer: Minister: God of power and mercy, in love you sent your Son that we might beSAMPLE cleansed of sin and live with you forever. Bless us as we gather to reflect on his suffering and death that we may learn from his example the way we should go. We ask this through that same Christ, our Lord.

All: Amen.

Session 17: Ways of Praying 279 First Station: Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane Reader: Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to his disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” He took along Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to feel sorrow and distress. Then he said to them, “My soul is sorrowful even to death. Remain here and keep watch with me.” He advanced a little and fell prostrate in prayer, saying, “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me; yet, not as I will, but as you will.” When he returned to his disciples he found them asleep. He said to Peter, “So you could not keep watch with me for one hour? Watch and pray that you may not undergo the test. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.” (Matthew 26:36-41)

Minister: Lord, grant us your strength and wisdom, that we may seek to follow your will in all things.

Second Station: Jesus, Betrayed by Judas, Is Arrested Reader: Then, while [Jesus] was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived, accompanied by a crowd with swords and clubs, who had come from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. His betrayer had arranged a signal with them, saying, “The man I shall kiss is the one; arrest him and lead him away securely.” He came and immediately went over to him and said, “Rabbi.” And he kissed him. At this they laid hands on him and arrested him. (Mark 14: 43-46)

Minister: Lord, grant us the courage of our convictions that our lives may faithfully reflect the good news you bring.

Third Station: Jesus Is Condemned by the Sanhedrin Reader: When day came the council of elders of the people met, both chief priests and scribes, and they brought him before their Sanhedrin. They said, “If you are the Messiah, tell us,” but he replied toSAMPLE them, “If I tell you, you will not believe, and if I question, you will not respond. But from this time on the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.” They all asked, “Are you then the Son of God?” He replied to them, “You say that I am.” Then they said, “What further need have we for testimony? We have heard it from his own mouth.” (Luke 22: 66-71)

Minister: Lord, grant us your sense of righteousness that we may never cease to work to bring about the justice of the kingdom that you promised.

280 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Fourth Station: Jesus Is Denied by Peter Reader: Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard. One of the maids came over to him and said, “You too were with Jesus the Galilean.” But he denied it in front of everyone, saying, “I do not know what you are talking about!” As he went out to the gate, another girl saw him and said to those who were there, “This man was with Jesus the Nazorean.” Again he denied it with an oath, “I do not know the man!” A little later the bystanders came over and said to Peter, “Surely you too are one of them; even your speech gives you away.” At that he began to curse and to swear, “I do not know the man.” And immediately a cock crowed. Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had spoken: “Before the cock crows you will deny me three times.” He went out and began to weep bitterly. (Matthew 26: 69-75)

Minister: Lord, grant us the gift of honesty that we may not fear to speak the truth even when difficult.

Fifth Station: Jesus Is Judged by Pilate Reader: The chief priests with the elders and the scribes, that is, the whole Sanhedrin, held a council. They bound Jesus, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate. Pilate questioned him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” He said to him in reply, “You say so.” The chief priests accused him of many things. Again Pilate questioned him, “Have you no answer? See how many things they accuse you of.” Jesus gave him no further answer, so that Pilate was amazed .... Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released Barrabas ... [and] handed [Jesus] over to be crucified. (Mark 15: 1-5, 15)

Minister: Lord, grant us discernment that we may see as you see, not as the world sees.

Sixth Station: JesusSAMPLE Is Scourged and Crowned with Thorns Reader: Then Pilate took Jesus and had him scourged. And the soldiers wove a crown out of thorns and placed it on his head, and clothed him in a purple cloak, and they came to him and said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” And they struck him repeatedly. (John 19: 1-3)

Minister: Lord, grant us patience in times of suffering that we may offer our lives as a sacrifice of praise.

Session 17: Ways of Praying 281 Seventh Station: Jesus Bears the Cross Reader: When the chief priests and the guards saw [Jesus] they cried out, “Crucify him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him. I find no guilt in him.” ... They cried out, “Take him away, take him away! Crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.” Then he handed him over to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus, and carrying the cross himself he went out to what is called the Place of the Skull, in Hebrew, Golgotha. (John 19: 6, 15-17)

Minister: Lord, grant us strength of purpose that we may faithfully bear our crosses each day.

Eighth Station: Jesus Is Helped by Simon the Cyrenian to Carry the Cross Reader: They pressed into service a passer-by, Simon, a Cyrenian, who was coming in from the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to carry his cross. (Mark 15: 21)

Minister: Lord, grant us willing spirits that we may be your instruments on earth.

Ninth Station: Jesus Meets the Women of Jerusalem Reader: A large crowd of people followed Jesus, including many women who mourned and lamented him. Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; weep instead for yourselves and for your children, for indeed, the days are coming when people will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed.’ At that time, people will say to the mountains, ‘Fall upon us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’SAMPLE for if these things are done when the wood is green what will happen when it is dry?” (Luke 23: 27-31)

Minister: Lord, grant us gentle spirits that we may comfort those who mourn.

282 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Tenth Station: Jesus Is Crucified Reader: When they came to the place called the Skull, they crucified him and the criminals there, one on his right, the other on his left. [Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, they know not what they do.”] (Luke 23: 33-34)

Minister: Lord, grant us merciful hearts that we may bring your reconciliation and forgiveness to all.

Eleventh Station: Jesus Promises His Kingdom to the Good Thief Reader: Now one of the criminals hanging there reviled Jesus, saying, “Are you not the Messiah? Save yourself and us.” The other, however, rebuking him, said in reply, “Have you no fear of God, for you are subject to the same condemnation? And indeed, we have been condemned justly, for the sentence we received corresponds to our crimes, but this man has done nothing criminal.” Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” He replied to him, “Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.” (Luke 23: 39-43)

Minister: Lord, grant us perseverance that we may never stop seeking you.

Twelfth Station: Jesus Speaks to His Mother and the Disciple Reader: Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala. When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son.” Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” And from that hour the disciple took her into his home. John 19: 25-27 SAMPLE Minister: Lord, grant us constancy that we may be willing to stand by those in need.

Thirteenth Station: Jesus Dies on the Cross Reader: It was now about noon and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon because of an eclipse of the sun. Then the veil of the temple was torn down the middle. Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit”; and when he had said this he breathed his last. (Luke 23: 44-46)

Session 17: Ways of Praying 283 Minister: Lord, grant us trust in you that when our time on earth in ended our spirits may come to you without delay.

Fourteenth Station: Jesus Is Placed in the Tomb Reader: When it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea named Joseph, who was himself a disciple of Jesus. He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus; then Pilate ordered it to be handed over. Taking the body, Joseph wrapped it [in] clean linen and laid it in his new tomb that he had hewn in the rock. Then he rolled a huge stone across the entrance to the tomb and departed. (Matthew 27: 57-60)

Minister: Lord, grant us your compassion that we may always provide for those in need.

Closing Prayer: Minister: Lord Jesus Christ, your passion and death is the sacrifice that unites earth and heaven and reconciles all people to you. May we who have faithfully reflected on these mysteries follow in your steps and so come to share your glory in heaven where you live and reign with the Father and the Holy Spirit one God, for ever and ever.

All: Amen. SAMPLE

284 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS UNIT 3 The Sacraments

Sessions in this unit: ӹӹ Session 18: What Is a ӹӹ Session 24: Living ӹӹ Session 29: The Story of Sacrament? the Sacrament of the Holy Matrimony ӹӹ Session 19: The Story of Eucharist ӹӹ Session 30: Living the Baptism SAMPLEӹӹ Session 25: The Sacrament of Holy ӹӹ Session 20: Living the Story of Penance and Matrimony Sacrament of Baptism Reconciliation ӹӹ Session 31: The Story of ӹӹ Session 21: The Story of ӹӹ Session 26: Living the Holy Orders Confirmation Sacrament of Penance ӹӹ Session 32: Living the and Reconciliation ӹӹ Session 22: Living the Sacrament Sacrament ӹӹ Session 27: The Story of Holy Orders of Confirmation of Anointing of the SickSession ӹӹ Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist ӹӹ 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick

285 Unit at a Glance

Connections to the Catechism of the Catholic Church:

Session 18 Session 23 Session 28 ӹӹ 774-776, 1127, 1128, ӹӹ 1324, 1333-1336, 1373- ӹӹ 1500-1510, 1514-1523, 1131 1376 2276, 2447-2448

Session 19 Session 24 Session 29 ӹӹ 1215, 1217-1225, 1234- ӹӹ 1328-1332, 1391-1401, ӹӹ 1602, 1605, 1612-1613, 1245, 1278-1279, 1284 1409, 1411-1412 1617

Session 20 Session 25 Session 30 ӹӹ 1257-1274 ӹӹ 1441-1446, 1485 ӹӹ 1603-1608, 1639-1640, 1655-1658, 1826-1829 Session 21 Session 26 ӹӹ 687-701, 1285-1289, ӹӹ 1435, 1439-1442, 1450- Session 31 1294 1456, 1458-1459, 1466- ӹӹ 874, 1536, 1548, 1551, 1470, 1480, 1488-1489, 1554-1556, 1590, 1594 Session 22 1494 ӹӹ 1289, 1293-1297, 1300- Session 32 1306, 1310-1314, 1317, Session 27 ӹӹ 874, 936, 938-939, 1577- 1320, 1831 ӹӹ 399-402, 405, 407, 1499, 1578 1500-1506, 1511

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286 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Scriptures studied in this unit: ӹӹ Genesis 1:1-3 ӹӹ Isaiah 11:2 ӹӹ John 8:4-11 ӹӹ Genesis 2:7 ӹӹ Isaiah 43:25 ӹӹ John 13:4-8, 15-35 ӹӹ Genesis 2:22-24 ӹӹ Isaiah 61:1 ӹӹ John 19:34 ӹӹ Genesis 7:11-23 ӹӹ Ezekiel 36:26-27 ӹӹ John 20:21-23 ӹӹ Genesis 14:18 ӹӹ Joel 3:1-2 ӹӹ John 21:15-17 ӹӹ Exodus 2:1-10 ӹӹ Zechariah 14:1,8 ӹӹ Acts 1:8 ӹӹ Exodus 8:20-24 ӹӹ Matthew 4:19 ӹӹ Acts 2:1-4 ӹӹ Exodus 14:23-30 ӹӹ Matthew 5:7 ӹӹ Acts 6:1-6 ӹӹ Exodus 16:4 ӹӹ Matthew 16:16-19 ӹӹ Acts 13:3 ӹӹ Exodus 17:1-7 ӹӹ Mark 14:24 ӹӹ Colossians 2:12 ӹӹ Exodus 24:8 ӹӹ Luke 1:49 ӹӹ 1 Timothy 3:1 ӹӹ Joshua 3:14-17 ӹӹ Luke 3:21-22 ӹӹ 1 Timothy 4:14 ӹӹ 1 Samuel 16:13 ӹӹ Luke 5:1-11 ӹӹ 2 Timothy 1:6 ӹӹ Psalm 23:5-6 ӹӹ Luke 15:7 ӹӹ Titus 1:5 ӹӹ Psalm 51:19 ӹӹ Luke 22:19-20 ӹӹ 1 Peter 2:9 ӹӹ Proverbs 28:13 ӹӹ John 2:1-12 ӹӹ Revelation 19:7-9 ӹӹ Isaiah 1:18 ӹӹ John 6:48-51

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Unit 3 Overview 287 Catechist Introduction

hat is a Sacrament? This question is one A mystical gift from Christ, a Sacrament is an Wamong many that are wonderful because efficacious sign of grace. The exterior aspect they cannot be answered — not fully, at least. of the seven Sacraments consists of two parts What is life? What is love? What is a Sacrament? necessary for validity, traditionally divided Such questions cannot be answered fully into the philosophic terms matter and form. because they are essentially mysterious — as The matter consists of water, bread, wine, oil, are the best things in life. Thus, so are the hands, speech, or other material elements Sacraments of the Catholic Church. involved in giving supernatural grace. The form consists of words and actions that express the circumstances of that giving and celebrate The Way of Salvation Is Incarnational them as a priestly community of ministers. In Jesus Christ, the visible and the invisible are Thus, the Church utilizes the graces of forever unified and their union sanctified: the Baptism, Penance and Reconciliation, the Creator and the created, the Infinite and the Eucharist, Confirmation, Matrimony, Holy finite, God and man. Following the Incarnation, Orders, and Anointing of the Sick to bring the way of salvation is incarnational. The Holy souls to life, health, holiness, and happiness. Spirit operates in and through the corporeal; for the Church exists in the world for people living in the world, not for disembodied souls. Sacraments of Initiation The objective of the Church is to secure the In Baptism, Jesus redeems us from all sin sanctity and salvation of all, and as such, she including the stain of Original Sin. The embraces the material in the process. This is Father speaks to us the words He spoke at the secret realm of the Sacraments. And a joyful Jesus’ Baptism: “You are my beloved son [or realm it is. SAMPLE A mystical gift from Christ, a Sacrament is an efficacious sign of grace.

Stained glass showing St. Alphonsus kneeling before the Most Holy Sacrament, Carlow Cathedral, Ireland.

288 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS daughter]; with you I am well pleased” (Luke negative experience to a positive act by uniting 3:22b), and we become a new creation in Christ. the suffering with the redemptive suffering and Confirmation deepens the bond of love with death of Jesus Christ on the Cross. God and with the Church, as Jesus fulfills His promise to send the Holy Spirit so that we can bear witness to Him and be faithful in trial and Sacraments at the Service of persecution. The Eucharist brings communion Communion with Christ to perfection. In every Sacrament, Through Matrimony and Holy Orders, Jesus Jesus’ paschal charity, the love by which He makes us His associates in special missions loves us to the end is at work. In the Eucharist, to give our lives for the salvation of others. the Lord Himself is present in His great act of These Sacraments confer on us the grace to offering Himself to the Father for our salvation. grow in holiness by conforming us to Him who Here, Christ makes us associates in His “did not come to be served but to serve” (Mark mission to save the world, inviting us to offer 10:45). Through the ordained, Jesus continues ourselves — through, with, and in Him — to the to love us by teaching the truth, sanctifying Father. This is the summit of worship for God’s through the Sacraments, and guiding us as our priestly people, and the fullest manifestation of Shepherd. Those who marry receive a mission the mystery of the Church, that is, the mystery to grow in holiness together by seeking the of God’s love transforming those who believe. Kingdom of God in the service of life and love in the family. Sacraments of Healing The Sacraments make Jesus’ paschal charity Penance and Reconciliation brings about the active and effective in the world. Just as people forgiveness of sins, reunites us with the Father, of faith knew where to find Jesus to be healed and restores our relationship with the Body of and saved, we know that we encounter His Christ. Anointing of the Sick strengthens the love in the Sacraments. Two desires converge soul and heals the body, according to God’s will, in the Sacraments: God’s desire to love us, and in the face of serious sickness and the threat of our desire to be loved by Him and to love Him death. The Sacrament provides the person with in return. We, on earth, desire what Christ, in the opportunity to transform suffering from a Heaven, desires. In the Sacraments God’s will is SAMPLEdone on earth as it is in Heaven (Matthew 6:10)!

Unit 3 Overview 289 Notes ______

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290 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 18 What Is a Sacrament?

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ A sacrament is an outward and ӹӹ Explore the architecture of Chartres visible sign of an inward and invisible Cathedral. grace. SAMPLE ӹӹ Look at sacred art. ӹӹ The seven Sacraments are Baptism, ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the meaning Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance of the word sacrament. and Reconciliation, Anointing of the ӹӹ Distinguish between a ritual and a Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. Sacrament. ӹӹ The Church herself is a Sacrament, because she is a visible sign that points to the invisible reality of Christ’s Kingdom.

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 291 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (page ӹӹ Mond Crucifixion (page 134) 128) ӹӹ What Is a Sacrament? (page 136) ӹӹ The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible (page 133)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Khan Academy Chartres Cathedral at ӹӹ Tape SophiaOnline.org/Chartres

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Sacrament: A sign of God’s grace that gives the grace that it signifies. Jesus founded seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation,Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Holy Matrimony. SAMPLE Prayer for this session: Soul of Christ, sanctify me. Do not permit me to be parted from you. Body of Christ, save me. From the evil foe protect me. Blood of Christ, inebriate me. At the hour of my death call me. Water from the side of Christ, wash me. And bid me come to you, Passion of Christ, strengthen me. To praise you with all your saints O good Jesus, hear me. Forever and ever. Amen – Anima Christi Within your wounds conceal me.

292 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, photocopy and cut out Catechist Resource: “Just” a Ritual? Strips (page 308 in this guide), enough to give one event strip to each student.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Put students into small groups and have them turn to Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (page 128). Instruct students to look at all the photos up to “Plan View” (you will look at “Plan View” later on in the warm-up) and give students several minutes to quietly view the photographs. C. Then have students discuss the Conversation Questions among each other in their groups. Circulate among the groups, listening to their discussions, keeping them on task, and offering insights or clarification where needed. D. Then call on groups in turn to share their answers to each of the questions. E. If possible, show the 3.5-minute Khan Academy video on the interior of Chartres Cathedral, found at: SophiaOnline.org/Chartres.SAMPLE F. Now have students turn to “Plan View” from the Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage. Discuss the following questions: ӹӹ What do you notice about the shape of the cathedral’s “footprint”? It looks like a cross. ӹӹ Why might the front part be called a nave? What is the purpose of this part of the cathedral? Think of similar words, such as navy, or navigate. The Latin word for ship is navis. ӹӹ How is the Church like a ship? Can you connect the Church to any important ships in the Bible? Noah’s ark is a type, or prefiguring, of the Church. The Church is like Noah’s ark. The ark saved Noah and his family from the destruction of sin and delivered them to a world made new; in the Church, all people are invited to become the People of God, who build His Kingdom on earth. ӹӹ Where do people enter a cathedral? There are doors in front and on the sides.

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 293 LESSON PLAN

ӹӹ How do we enter the Catholic Church? We enter the Church through the Sacraments, specifically through the Sacraments of Initiation: Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist. ӹӹ What is a Sacrament? A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, of an inward and invisible grace.

Activity 1

A. Read aloud from Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 774: The seven sacraments are the signs and instruments by which the Holy Spirit spreads the grace of Christ the head throughout the Church which is his Body. The Church, then, both contains and communicates the invisible grace she signifies. It is in this … sense, that the Church is called a “sacrament.” B. H ave students turn to The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible (page 133), and answer the questions. C. Ask for student volunteers to share their responses with the class.

Activity 2

A. Have student turn to Mond Crucifixion (page 134). As a large group, discuss the Conversation Questions on the worksheet. SAMPLEB. Now compare Raphael’s painting alongside the “Plan View” image of Chartres Cathedral, so that the resemblance of the cathedral’s layout to a cross should become clearer. C. Read aloud to your students John 19:33-35: But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may [come to] believe.

294 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

EXPLAIN that the Church understands this moment as the birth of the Sacraments, specifically, Baptism and the Eucharist. If needed, help students understand that the blood that poured out of Jesus’ side represents the Eucharist, and the water from Jesus’ side represents Baptism. Each angel in the Raphael painting catches Jesus’ precious Blood in a chalice, signifying the birth of the New Covenant in Christ’s Blood. Explain further how cathedrals and many church buildings are built in the shape of a cross to remind us of the Crucifixion. We enter the Catholic Church through the Sacraments, and the way we enter a physical church building through the side reminds us of how the Sacraments were born from Christ’s side. D. Write on the board the definition of a Sacrament from the Catechism of the Catholic Church: An efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us through the work of the Holy Spirit.

E. Review with your students what some of the more complex words in this definition mean. Efficacious means having the power to bring about a desired effect. In the context of a Sacrament, it means having the power to actually do what the Sacrament is a sign of. The word institute means to begin and to establish. The word dispense means to give. Now we are going to take a closer look at what this definition means. F. Have students read What Is a Sacrament? (page 136) and answer the questions either individually or in a group discussion. G. Review answers as a class.SAMPLE

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 295 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Distribute the Event Strips from Catechist Resource: “Just” a Ritual? Strips (page 308 in this guide). Give one strip to each student. Make sure to give out only the Event Strips. (You will use the Description Strips later in the activity.) B. Draw a Venn diagram on the board. Label one circle “Ritual” and the other circle “Sacrament.” C. If needed, define ritual: a ceremony or series of actions always performed in the same way each time. D. Call on one student to read aloud his or her Event Strip and decide where it should go. Discuss as needed to clarify misunderstandings. Finally, have the student walk to the diagram and tape the strip in the correct section. Note: All Sacraments should go in the middle overlapping section of the two circles; all the other events should go on the non-overlapping part of the ritual circle.

E. Once all strips have been placed, it will be visually clear that all Sacraments are rituals, but not all rituals are Sacraments. F. Discuss the reasons for many of the events. Many are to mark a special achievement (such as graduation or a medal ceremony for a winning team). The Sacraments are completely unlike these. The Sacraments are about God’s life moving within us, and not about anything we do or “earn.” God gives us His grace freely, and not because we have done anything to deserve it.

EXPLAIN to your students that across time and place, we have special ways of marking the important moments of our lives. Many of these are listed on the various strips placed on the diagram. Jesus elevated seven important passages to the level of Sacraments. Although Jesus is not with us in the exact same way He was with the Apostles, He is still with us. He is acting in the world and in our lives. He entrusted the Sacraments to the Church —the visible sign of His Kingdom on earth. SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

296 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 297 SAMPLE

298 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 299 SAMPLE

300 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Our Lady of Chartres.

2. They are built facing east as an acknowledgment that it is Christ who enlightens.

3. Accept reasoned answers.

4. The figure is Jesus Christ. A portal is an entrance to another world. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and Earth meet and we glimpse Heaven. The word portal comes from the Latin for “city gate” or “porch,” and the Church is the earthly sign of the Heavenly City of Jerusalem, or the City of God described in the book of Revelation. SAMPLE 5. Students may say the architecture looks and inspires awe and/or feels “heavenly.” The altar is an especially sacred space as shown by the design of the space.

6. As a sign that Jesus is the light of the world. Candles can also signify our prayers going up to Heaven.

7. The panel shows the Last Supper.

8. Accept reasoned answers.

9. It is farthest away, signifying that those in it are at the beginning of their journey to Heaven.

10. The sanctuary is the farthest away from the front doors, signifying that it is the end of the pilgrim journey of this life: Heaven.

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 301 Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers.

2. It is built in the shape of a cross to remind us of the Crucifixion. Its architecture, its light, its stained- glass windows, its candlelight, and the way incense travels up to Heaven like our prayers create a sacred space and remind us of how Heaven and earth meet at each Holy Mass. We enter the Church through the Sacraments, and the way we enter a physical church building through the side reminds us of how the Sacraments were born from Christ’s side. It SAMPLE has spaces set aside to celebrate the Sacraments: the Church both contains and signifies the grace of the Sacraments.

3. The Church is a Sacrament because it is a visible sign that points to the invisible reality of Christ’s Kingdom.

302 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 303 Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers.

2. Students will likely point out the angels, who are next to Jesus.

3. Perhaps life and death, death and rebirth, beginnings and endings. Accept other reasoned answers.

4. Accept reasoned answers.

5. He appears to be at peace.

6. The Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Jerome are on Jesus’ right. On His left are St. Mary Magdalene and St. John.

7. The angels are holding chalices to catch Jesus’ Blood. SAMPLE 8. The Mass is an unbloody re-presentation of Jesus’ sacrifice on Calvary, and this painting depicts His Death on the Cross and the Sacrament of the Eucharist. The angels and saints participate in the Mass, and they are present in this painting.

304 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 305 Answer Key 1. Love is more than what God does; it is who He is.

2. God is a communion of Persons, or an eternal exchange of love.

3. A visible sign Jesus gave us through the Church, by which we share in His divine and invisible life.

4. So He could be with us here on earth.

5. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders.

6. They are efficacious signs of grace — a real SAMPLE encounter with God in which He shares His divine life with us.

306 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Accept reasoned answers

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 307 CATECHIST RESOURCE “Just” a Ritual? Strips

Event Strips

A Christian man and woman get married.

A priest anoints a very sick person with holy oil.

A boy confesses his sins to a priest and receives absolution.

A girl receives Holy Communion.

A young man is ordained a priest.

A baby is baptized.

A girl is confirmed.

A judgeSAMPLE sets an innocent prisoner free.

A boy receives his diploma at graduation.

An athlete receives an Olympic medal.

308 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS A famous athlete lights the Olympic torch at the opening ceremony.

A great actor receives an Academy Award.

A great singer wins a Grammy Award.

A brave soldier receives a medal in a special ceremony.

A family eats Thanksgiving dinner together.

SAMPLE

Session 18: What Is a Sacrament? 309 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

310 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 19 The Story of Baptism

What students willSAMPLE learn: What students will do: ӹӹ In Baptism, Jesus washes us of ӹӹ Test their knowledge of Baptism. Original Sin and makes us adopted ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the children of the Father. Sacrament of Baptism. ӹӹ Baptism is the foundation of the ӹӹ Read about prefigurations of whole Christian life, the gateway to Baptism in Scripture. life in the Spirit. ӹӹ Reflect on Jesus’ Baptism. ӹӹ The Baptism of Jesus is the model for our Baptism.

Session 19: The Story of Baptism 311 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Baptism Pre-Assessment (page 139) ӹӹ Baptism Prefigured (page 143) ӹӹ The Story of Baptism (page 140) ӹӹ The Baptism of Jesus (page 144)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Commemorate: To celebrate the memory of something. The Sacraments commemorate Christ’s Passion. ӹӹ Inheritance: Gifts a person receives from someone in the family who has died, or traits received from one’s parents. By our Baptism, we have an inheritance with Christ, which means that as adopted children of God, we receive gifts from Him and that we will be like Him.

Prayer for this session: I believe in God, and is seated at the right hand of God the the Father almighty, Father almighty; Creator of heaven and earth, from there he will come to judge the living and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, and the dead. who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, SAMPLEI believe in the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, the holy catholic Church, suffered under Pontius Pilate, the communion of saints, was crucified, died and was buried; the forgiveness of sins, he descended into hell; the resurrection of the body, on the third day he rose again from the and life everlasting. Amen. dead; – The Apostles’ Creed he ascended into heaven,

312 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Have students complete Baptism Pre- Assessment (page 139). Students should fill in the left column only and answer true or false for each statement. Let them know that it is all right for them not to know the answers to these questions yet as you will be going over this information in class. Students will fill in the right-hand column as a post-assessment in the next session to see if their knowledge has improved.

Activity 1

A. Have students read The Story of Baptism (page 140) and answer the questions. B. Review the answers as a class.

EXPLAIN to your students that by this first of Sacraments, we are made members of Christ’s Church and cleansed of all sin, receiving a portion of the Holy SpiritSAMPLE in our lives. Baptism is necessary for salvation and has been prefigured throughout Salvation History to prepare for its institution by Christ’s Baptism and His command to His Apostles. By Baptism, we are made new creations, and with the support of the whole Christian community, we advance on the journey toward salvation.

Session 19: The Story of Baptism 313 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Write the Catechism of the Catholic Church definitions of Baptism on the board: “the sacrament of regeneration through water in the word” (CCC 1213) and “the washing of regeneration and renewal by the Holy Spirit” (CCC 1215). B. Ask students the following questions: ӹӹ What does the prefix “re-” usually means? To do something again. ӹӹ What does it mean to generate something? To create or bring it into being. ӹӹ How does this word relate to similar words, such as: genesis, genetic, genealogy, gender, genuine, and others? These words all refer to the true origin or substance of something. C. Conclude that in Baptism, God regenerates us, or makes us into a new creation.

EXPLAIN to your students that God prefigured the Sacrament of Baptism throughout His saving work in Salvation History. From the very beginning, when the Spirit of God hovered over the primordial waters, to Noah and the Great Flood, to the crossing of the Red Sea and the River Jordan, we have always understood these events as the signs that point the way to Baptism. God’s people pass from chaos, death, slavery, and sin, through powerful and life- giving waters, to new life in grace and freedom as a new creation. D. Have your students turn to Baptism Prefigured (page 143). E. Have students work in pairs to look up the Scripture passages in their Bibles to complete Baptism Prefigured. F. Review the answers as a class. SAMPLE

314 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Lead students to the understanding that Jesus Christ is God’s love fully revealed and the culmination of Salvation History. Although He had no sin, it was fitting that He be baptized. Since the Gospel describes what happened when He was baptized, it helps us to know what happens when we are baptized today! B. Have students turn to The Baptism of Jesus (page 144) and complete the worksheet. Review student answers as a class.

Activity Extension

Throughout the rest of the sessions on the Sacraments, students will explore the matter, form, effects, minister of each Sacrament. Also, key Scripture passages and references from the Catechism of the Catholic Church will be studied throughout each unit. Each Sacrament unit will include a Celebration of the Sacrament Graphic Organizer that will allow students to keep track of the information on matter, form, effects, and so forth.

If at all possible, create a large master chart in the classroom, for future sessions, in order to fill in and keep track of this information about the Sacraments along with the students. This could be on a poster board, a large piece of butcher paper, a bulletin board in the classroom, or in some other creative way. Reference will be made to this “large classroom chart” throughout the Sacraments sessions. SAMPLE Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy for each student a copy of Catechist Resource: Sacraments Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide). Prepare the Online Sophia SketchPad Baptism video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. Bring a poster board or someother means to create a large classroom chart. Also bring index cards. Review the upcoming session.

Session 19: The Story of Baptism 315 Answer Key 1. True

2. True

3. True

4. True

5. False

6. False

7. True

8. False

SAMPLE

316 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 19: The Story of Baptism 317 Answer Key 1. Things we receive from our parents/ ancestors, and traits we receive from them.

2. Baptism makes us like Christ by allowing us to participate in His Death and Resurrection.

SAMPLE

318 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 3. Accept reasoned answers as described in the essay or in the Catechism.

4. Students may say it is a new inheritance since our destiny was separation from God because of Original Sin. Others may say it restores our true inheritance since we were created for communion with God.

SAMPLE

Session 19: The Story of Baptism 319 Answer Key 1. The water is present at the beginning of creation./We are made a new creation through the water of Baptism.

2. The world is destroyed by the floodwaters and the world is recreated through these waters./Original sin is put to death and washed away by the waters of Baptism.

3. Moses is saved from death by passing through the waters of the Nile./We are saved from death by sin through the waters of Baptism. 4. The Nile was the SAMPLE only source of water for the Egyptians, and God, through Moses, turned its water to blood./Our membership in the Church, through Baptism, was made possible by the Blood of Christ which was shed for us all on the Cross.

5. The Israelites cross through the parted waters of the Red Sea. Then the water comes crashing down on the Egyptian army and destroys them./In Baptism we pass through water to new life.

6. Moses provides life-giving water to the Israelites from a rock in the desert./We are given life by the water of Baptism.

7. The Israelites cross the River Jordan and enter into new life in the Promised Land./We are given new life by the water of Baptism as promised us by God.

320 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 19: The Story of Baptism 321 Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers.

2. Accept reasoned answers.

3. The Gospel account of Jesus’ Baptism helps us to know the invisible reality of Baptism because it described the Holy Spirit descending upon Him like a dove. The words spoken by God at Jesus’ Baptism also reveal the inward reality: “This is my beloved Son, with you I am well pleased.”

SAMPLE

322 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 20 Living the Sacrament of Baptism

SAMPLE What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Sacrament of Baptism is ӹӹ Keep track of what they learned essential for salvation and is the about Baptism on the large ordinary means of salvation. classroom chart. ӹӹ The Catechism of the Catholic ӹӹ Watch the Sophia SketchPad Church teaches that “God has Baptism video. bound salvation to the sacrament of ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on Baptism, but he himself is not bound Baptism. by his sacraments” (1257).

Session 20: Living the Sacrament of Baptism 323 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Need For and Effects of Baptism (page 146) ӹӹ Baptism Graphic Organizer (page 149)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Sophia SketchPad Baptism video, ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Sacraments available at SophiaSketchPad.org. Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide) ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Large Classroom ӹӹ Index cards Chart Example (page 333 in this guide)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Baptism of Blood ӹӹ Baptism of Desire ӹӹ Original Sin ӹӹ Indelible Mark ӹӹ Sanctifying Grace SAMPLE

Prayer for this session: Glory be to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.

324 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, create a Sacraments classroom chart based on Catechist Resource: Large Classroom Chart Example (page 333 in this guide) on a poster board or a large piece of butcher paper. Photocopy for each student a copy of Catechist Resource: Sacraments Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide).

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Introduce your large Sacraments classroom chart. Explain that as you continue to learn about the Sacraments, you will fill this chart out together, tracking what you know and understand about each Sacrament. C. Read aloud to your students Acts 2:38: Peter said to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the holy Spirit.” D. Ask students what two effects of Baptism St. Peter proclaims to the people. Forgiveness of sins and the receiving of the gift of the Holy Spirit. E. Explain that these are the two main effects of Baptism. There are others that we recognize, including being made a new creature, becoming a member of the Church, the formation of bonds of Christian unity, and the imprinting of an indelible mark on the soul. SAMPLE

Session 20: Living the Sacrament of Baptism 325 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Have students read The Need For and Effects of Baptism (page 146) and answer the questions. B. Discuss the answers to the questions as a class.

Activity 2

A. H ave students turn to Baptism Graphic Organizer (page 149) and use their worksheets and the given quotations from the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete Baptism Graphic Organizer. B. Le ad the class in filling in your larger classroom version of the chart to review the answers to Baptism Graphic Organizer.

Activity 3

Show students the Sophia SketchPad Baptism Video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. SAMPLE

326 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 4

A. Introduce the Sacraments “Jeopardy” project that will last for the remainder of the year. At the end of each pair of sessions on each Sacrament, have students write at least five questions and answers for that Sacrament in each of five categories. Examples follow. B. Distribute to each student Catechist Resource: Sacraments Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide) for them to refer to, along with five index cards. Review the examples on the handout and have students write their five questions on Baptism on the front of the cards and corresponding answers on the back. Note: Make sure students put their names or initials on the cards so you can keep track of their understanding.

C. Collect the cards and let students know you will use the best ones in a final review game at the end of the unit.

Activity 5

A. Have students return to the Baptism Pre-Assessment (page 139) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right-hand column. B. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. C. Close with a class discussion asking what new things students have learned about Baptism, and answering any lingering questions they might have. SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

Session 20: Living the Sacrament of Baptism 327 SAMPLE

328 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 20: Living the Sacrament of Baptism 329 Answer Key 1. Baptism of desire means that catechumens who desire Baptism but die before receiving it can be assured of salvation if they repent of their sins.

2. Baptism of blood means that those who die for Jesus can be assured of salvation because they have died with Him and will be reborn to eternal life.

3. To save souls.

4. The unmerited gift of God’s life in our souls.

Reflection Question: Accept reasoned answers that reflect understanding of Church teaching on SAMPLE the necessity of Baptism.

330 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Jesus’ Baptism and commands to the Apostles to baptize believers in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. See Matthew 3:13; Matthew 28:19-20; and Mark 16:15-16.

2. Triple immersion or pouring of water (essential rite), anointing with oil, presentation with white garment and candle.

3. “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”

4. The effects of Baptism are the forgiveness of sins, including Original Sin, becoming a new SAMPLE creation and an adopted child of the Father, becoming a member of the Church, forming bonds of Christian unity, and receiving an indelible mark on the soul.

5. A priest, although in an emergency anyone with the right intention can baptize someone, provided he or she follows the essential rite.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 20: Living the Sacrament of Baptism 331 SAMPLE

332 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 333 CATECHIST RESOURCE Large Classroom Chart Example

How does receiving this Scriptural How does this Sacrament Sacrament help me to become Sacrament basis Form Matter Effects Minister show God’s self-giving love? more like my Heavenly Father?

Baptism

Confirmation

Eucharist ptism Ba

Penance and of

Reconciliation nt

e m a Anointing of SAMPLE cr the Sick e Sa th Marriage ing v i

Holy Orders 20: L ssion Se CATECHIST RESOURCE Sacraments Jeopardy

Directions: After you complete your study of each Sacrament, think of and write at least five questions and answers for that Sacrament in each of five categories. Use the essays in this guide and the Catechism of the Catholic Church as sources for your work. Don’t forget to phrase your answers in the form of a question! For example:

Category Sample Question

The Institution of This Sacrament Q: Jesus instituted the Sacrament of the Eucharist at this famous meal.

A: What is the Last Supper?

This Sacrament in Scripture Q: In this book of the Bible, St. Peter proclaimed that people should repent and be baptized.

A: What is the Acts of the Apostles?

Matter and Form of This Sacrament Q: A bishop lays hands on man in order to ordain him to this role.

A: What is a priest?

Effects of This Sacrament Q: This Sacrament makes us adopted children of the Father. SAMPLEA: What is Baptism?

Symbols of This Sacrament Q: One symbol of this Sacrament is a priest’s stole.

A: What is Penance and Reconciliation?

334 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 21 The Story of Confirmation

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Sacrament of Confirmation ӹӹ Test their knowledge of more perfectly bindsSAMPLE a baptized Confirmation. person to the Church and fills him ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of or her with a special strength of the Confirmation. Holy Spirit. ӹӹ Read about prefigurations of ӹӹ At Pentecost, Christ’s promise of Baptism in Scripture. an outpouring of the Holy Spirit was fulfilled when the Holy Spirit descended upon the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Apostles.

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 335 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Confirmation Pre-Assessment (page ӹӹ The Story of Confirmation (page 153) 151) ӹӹ Confirmation Prefigured (page 156) ӹӹ A Promise and a Command (page 152)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Anointing: Rubbing or marking with oil. Holy oil is spread on our foreheads in Baptism and Confirmation, and again in the Sacrament ofAnointing of the Sick. ӹӹ Messiah: ӹӹ Witness: Someone who sees something happen and tells others about what he saw. We are called to be witnesses of Christ to the world.

Prayer for this session: All: Come, Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your Catechist: O God, who by the light of the faithful and kindle in them the fire of your Holy Spirit did instruct the hearts of the love. Send forth your Spirit, and they shall faithful, grant that by the same Holy Spirit be created. And you shallSAMPLE renew the face of we may be truly wise and ever enjoy His the earth. consolations. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.

336 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Have students complete Confirmation Pre- Assessment (page 151). Students should fill in the left column only and answer true or false for each statement. Let them know that it is all right for them not to know the answers to these questions yet as you will be going over this information in class. Students will fill in the right-hand column as a post-assessment in the next session to see if their knowledge has improved. C. Ask the class which of the following statements they agree with. If they agree with the first one, they should stand and move to the left side of the room. If they agree with the second, they should move to the right. 1. You are confirmed when you have shown that you are ready to proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to others. 2. Confirmation enables you to proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to others. D. Announce that the second statement is correct. Confirmation fills a baptized person with a special strength of the HolySAMPLE Spirit that enables him or her to proclaim the Faith. It is not a recognition of your readiness; it is what readies you. E. Ask the class if anyone has gone through Confirmation preparation or knows anyone who has. Brainstorm a list of the things one does to receive this Sacrament, accepting all answers for now. Students may suggest: ӹӹ Attend religious education. ӹӹ Participate in retreats. ӹӹ Perform service hours.

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 337 LESSON PLAN

F. Acknowledge the benefits of these activities, but explain that they do not earn us a “right” to be confirmed. Then write the word “Receive” on the board, using larger letters and/or a different color from the one you used for the other activities. Emphasize that, as with every Sacrament, God does all the work. Our role is to receive His grace and cooperate with it so it will bear fruit. Although we might be required by our parishes to do certain things as part of a preparation program, we do not do anything to earn any Sacrament. Jesus gave us this Sacrament because He knows that sometimes what we need isn’t simply more faith, but the courage to live that faith and share it with others. It has been this way since the beginning of Salvation History.

Activity 1

A. Ask if anyone recalls what Jesus promised His disciples before He ascended into Heaven. He promised that He would send the Holy Spirit. B. R ead aloud from Acts 1:8: But you will receive power when the holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, throughout Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.

C. Have students analyze this promise and the responsibility it comes with on A Promise and a Command (page 152). D. Review the answers together as a class. SAMPLE

338 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Read aloud to your students Exodus 19:6: You will be to me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation. B. Let your students know that in the Old Testament, Levitical priests and kings descended from David were anointed with holy oil as a sign of their status as a priest or king and of the task given to them according to their position. Prophets were anointed as well and set apart for the task of proclaiming the Word of God.

EXPLAIN to your students that Messiah means “anointed one.” We use the word today to mean Jesus Christ alone, but in its original meaning, all those who were anointed were messiahs. That means that the kings descended from David in the Jewish royal kingdom were messiahs because they were all anointed. This anointing gave the person an outpouring of God’s Spirit to empower him for the tasks given to him by God. From the very beginning through the New Testament and even today, God desires His people to be a “royal priesthood,” anointed and consecrated as His Chosen People who will announce the praises of His saving work. The Sacrament of Confirmation completes the work begun in us at our Baptism and sets us apart as this very royal priesthood proclaimed since the Old Testament. C. Read aloud to your students 1 Peter 2:9: But you are “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of his own, so that you may announce the praises” of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. D. Ask your students how this passage from 1 Peter helps us understand the Sacrament of Confirmation better. Help students begin to understand the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, and that the anointing and outpouring of the Holy Spirit we receive in Confirmation is whatSAMPLE makes us the “royal priesthood” and “holy nation” that God desired from the beginning. As Peter tells us, it is this anointing that empowers us to “announce the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light.” E. Have students turn to The Story of Confirmation (page 153) and answer the questions. F. Go over the answers to The Story of Confirmation as a class.

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 339 LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

A. Read aloud to students Acts 8:14-17: Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent them Peter and John, who went down and prayed for them, that they might receive the holy Spirit, for it had not yet fallen upon any of them; they had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid hands on them and they received the holy Spirit. B. Point out to students that not only were the Apostles empowered by the Holy Spirit to baptize others and to make them members of the Church, but they very soon went out from Jerusalem and gave others the very same gift of the Holy Spirit that they had received. C. Ask students what in this passage tells us about how they bestowed the Holy Spirit upon others. They laid hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit. EXPLAIN that this is the basic foundation for the Sacrament of Confirmation. Jesus promised the gift of the Holy Spirit, which was received by the Apostles at Pentecost. From there, the Apostles followed Jesus’ command to make disciples of all the nations by baptizing them, and they bestowed upon them what they had received, the gift of the Holy Spirit, so that these new disciples could do as the Apostles did and proclaim Jesus as Lord. D. Have students turn to Confirmation Prefigured (page 156) and work in pairs to look up the Scripture passages in their Bibles and fill in the chart. They should each answer the reflection question. SAMPLEE. Go over student responses and a class.

Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy and cut out sets of the cards on Catechist Resource: Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this guide). You will need enough sets to give one to each group of four students. Prepare the Online Sophia SketchPad Confirmation video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. Bring index cards. Review the upcoming session.

340 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. False

2. False

3. False

4. True

5. True

6. False

7. True

8. False

SAMPLE

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 341 Answer Key 1. Jesus.

2. His disciples.

3. The Holy Spirit will come upon them and give them power. Jesus is promising that when they receive the Holy Spirit, they will be empowered to go out and proclaim all that they have seen and been a part of while they were with Jesus, the Good News of salvation.

4. To be Jesus’ witnesses to the ends of the earth.

5. A witness is a person who sees something happen and tells others about what he saw. SAMPLE

342 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SAMPLE

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 343 Answer Key 1. The grace we received at Baptism is strengthened in Confirmation. 2. To spread and protect our Faith. 3. The Holy Spirit descended upon Mary and the Apostles like a rushing wind, and tongues of fire appeared over their heads. 4. They received an outpouring of grace that strengthened them to share the gospel. 5. It was a traditional Jewish way of selecting someone for a task and asking for God’s blessing on that person to carry it out. 6. To signify the gift of the Holy Spirit. SAMPLE

344 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 7. We take part in a mystery that links us to the past and links us directly to Jesus: the Person who lived on earth and our Lord in Heaven. 8. Oil cleanses, soothes, strengthens, and beautifies us. The anointing is a seal and a consecration.

Reflection Question:

Accept reasoned answers.

SAMPLE

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 345 Answer Key 1. God breathes His Spirit into Adam./ He is given life by the Spirit.

2. The Spirit rushes upon David after his anointing./ David is made king.

3. The Spirit is put within us./The Spirit allows us to keep God’s commands.

4. The Spirit will be poured out upon us./There will be prophecy, dreams, and visions.

SAMPLE

346 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 5. The Spirit will rest upon him./ The Spirit will give him counsel, knowledge, and strength.

6. The Spirit has anointed him./ The Spirit has sent him to bring good news to the afflicted.

Reflection Question: Accept reasoned answers.

SAMPLE

Session 21: The Story of Confirmation 347 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

348 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 22 Living the Sacrament of Confirmation

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The scriptural basis, matter, ӹӹ Look at sacred art. form, minister, andSAMPLE effects of the ӹ Keep track of what they learned ӹ Sacrament of Confirmation. about Confirmation on the large ӹӹ The gifts of the Holy Spirit are classroom chart. wisdom, counsel, fortitude, ӹӹ Watch the Sophia SketchPad understanding, knowledge, piety, Confirmation video. and fear of the Lord. ӹӹ Reflect on the Twelve Gifts of the ӹӹ Striving to cultivate virtue helps Holy Spirit. graces received in Confirmation to ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on bear fruit and helps us to avoid sin. Confirmation.

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 349 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Pentecostés (page 158) ӹӹ Gifts of the Holy Spirit (page 163) ӹӹ The Effects of Confirmation (page 160) ӹӹ Confirmation Graphic Organizer (page 167)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this guide) ӹӹ Sophia SketchPad Confirmation video at SophiaSketchPad.org. ӹӹ Index cards

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Seal: ӹӹ Gifts of the Holy Spirit: Wisdom, knowledge, understanding, counsel, fortitude, piety, and fear of the Lord. The anointing in Confirmation is a sign of receiving these gifts. SAMPLE Prayer for this session: O Holy Spirit, make me a faithful follower of Jesus, an obedient child of the Church, and a help to my neighbor. Give me the grace to keep the commandments and to receive the sacraments worthily. Raise me to holiness and to everlasting life. Amen. – from Novena to the Holy Spirit

350 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Note: Before class, photocopy and cut out sets of the cards on Catechist Resource: Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this guide). You will need enough sets to give one to each group of four students.

Warm-Up

Pentecostés A. Begin with the prayer for this session. BY FRaY JUaN BaUTISTa MaINO (C. 1615-1620) B. Have students turn to Pentecostés (page 158). Pentecostés Pentecostés, by Friar Juan Bautista Maíno (c. 1615-1620) After giving students a few moments to reflect

Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss on the artwork, ask what is happening in the them with your classmates. painting. What moment from the Bible does Discussion Questions 1. What moment from the Bible does this painting depict? it depict? The people in it are praying. It is the 2. What is your favorite part? 3. How does the artist’s use of color affect the way you respond to the painting? moment of the descent of the Holy Spirit at 4. Where is the light coming from in the scene? 5. Read Acts 2:1-4 below. How does this painting help you understand this Gospel passage?

When the time for Pentecost was fulfi lled, they were all in one place together. And Pentecost. suddenly there came from the sky a noise like a strong driving wind, and it fi lled the entire house in which they were. Then there appeared to them tongues as of fi re, which parted and came to rest on each one of them. And they were all fi lled with the holy Spirit and began to speak in different tongues, as the Spirit enabled them to proclaim. EXPLAIN to students that the men are the 6. How would you connect this painting and the Sacrament of Confi rmation to our fi rst Pope’s words in 1 Peter 2:9:

But you are “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of his own, so that Apostles. The woman seated in the center you may announce the praises” of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. is the Blessed Virgin Mary. The woman

kneeling is St. Mary Magdalene. Both the Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Blessed Mother and St. Mary Magdalene 158 remained with Jesus at the foot of the 159 Cross. The Blessed Mother was the first of Jesus’ disciples, and St. Mary Magdalene was the first to witnessSAMPLE the resurrected Christ on Easter Sunday. It is fitting, then, that they be among the first to receive the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. C. Ask students to list the symbols of the Holy Spirit. A dove, fire, wind, water, a pillar of cloud, and anointing with oil. D. Lead students in a hunt for the symbols of the Holy Spirit in the artwork. The dove at the top of the image; the tongues of fire over the heads of the Apostles, the Virgin Mary, and St. Mary Magdalene. E. Recall 1 Peter 2:9 and ask students to connect that verse to the painting. (The verse is written on the last question of the worksheet.) We see a visual depiction of that wonderful light in this

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 351 LESSON PLAN

painting; it is not just a literal, visual light, though, that St. Peter refers to. He means the light of Christ. Christ frees us from the darkness of sin in Baptism, and He strengthens us for the Christian life in the Sacrament of Confirmation. After the Holy Spirit poured out on them at Pentecost, Mary and the Apostles were ready to “announce the praises” of Christ. F. Lead a class discussion on the conversation questions on the artwork and discuss the answers as a class. G. Read aloud to your students Acts 8:14-17: Now when the Apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent them Peter and John, who went down and prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Spirit, for it had not yet fallen upon any of them; they had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid hands on them and they received the Holy Spirit.

EXPLAIN to your students that not only were the Apostles empowered by the Holy Spirit to baptize others and to make them members of the Church, but they very soon went out from Jerusalem and, by laying hands on them, gave others the very same gift of the Holy Spirit that they had received. This is the foundation for the Sacrament of Confirmation.

The Effects of Confi rmation Activity 1

Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions. to quench all [the] fl aming arrows of the evil [or makes] our bond with the Church more one. And take the helmet of salvation and the perfect” (adapted from CCC 1302-1303). esus promised the gift of the Holy Spirit, Anointing with oil was also a sign sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.” At Confi rmation you also receive the gifts of A. Have students read The Effects of which was received by the Apostles at of consecration, or of being set apart By the SacramentJ of Confi rmation we are the Holy Spirit. Since grace perfects nature, Pentecost. From there, the Apostles followed or sealed as belonging to another. This is what 1. What does theequipped bishop saywith during the sword the Sacrament and shield ofof Confifaith rmation?these gifts build on your natural virtues. The and the HolyJesus’ Spirit command to fi ght to themake good disciples fi ght ofand all the is meant when the bishop says “Be sealed…” ______gifts of the Holy Spirit are wisdom, counsel, nations by baptizing them, and they bestowed A seal is a symbol of belonging. A soldier proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to all. understanding, fortitude, knowledge, piety, Confirmation (page 160) and answer the upon them what they had received, the gift bore his leader’s seal into battle. A personal ______Another symbol of the gift of the Holy Spirit and fear of the Lord. (You may have heard of the Holy Spirit, so that these new disciples letter would be marked with the author’s seal is the laying on of hands. In the Sacrament of courage as a gift of the Holy Spirit. But could do as the Apostles did and proclaim to ensure that it was authentic. Jesus — the of Confi rmation, the bishop lays his hands courage and fortitude are not quite synonyms. 2. Why is there a close connectionJesus as Lord. between Baptism and Confi rmation? authentic Messiah — proclaimed that He on the confi rmand as a sign of the bestowing Fortitude is a stronger virtue than courage.) questions. ______“Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit.” was marked with His Father’s seal, which of the Spirit that he himself received in the St. Peter is a good example of someone These are the words spoken by the bishop as He then gave us as a share in His mission as ______very same way. The laying on of hands is a whose natural virtue was strengthened by he anoints the forehead of the confi rmand priest, prophet, and king. powerful symbol of an unbroken line of grace grace. St. Peter had the natural fortitude (the person being confi rmed) with holy In the Sacraments, anointing with oil that extends back to Jesus and the Apostles. to follow Jesus, but he needed spiritual 3. What does it mean to oil.be consecrated?The holy oil, called ______chrism in the Latin shares these same meanings. Anointing fortitude in order to preach. He received a Rite, and myron in Eastern Rites, is a visible at Baptism symbolizes cleansing, while B. Go over the answers to the worksheet as a The effects of the Sacrament special outpouring of grace at Pentecost, the ______symbol of the seal of the Holy Spirit. The oil Anointing of the Sick symbolizes healing. You were given seeds of grace at your scriptural foundation of Confi rmation, and that is used in Confi rmation is the same oil Anointing at Confi rmation is a sign of Baptism, and Confi rmation strengthens only then was he able to come out of hiding that is used to anoint the newly baptized as strengthening. It symbolizes an abundant 4. What is an exampleand perfects of a seal? that grace.______The Sacrament of and boldly preach the gospel. priest, prophet, and king. outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and the beauty class. Confi rmation more perfectly binds a baptized ______But the giftsand ofjoy the of Holythe fullness Spirit do of notthe Christian life. person toIndeed, the Church there and is a ficlose lls him connection or her between instantly Anointingtransform atyou. Confi You rmation must choose also symbolizes to with a specialthe Sacraments strength of of the Baptism Holy Spirit. and Confi The rmation. accept thesebeing gifts consecrated and nurture to God.them By as theyou Sacrament 5. How does St.Catechism Paul’s descriptionThis of the connection Catholic of the armorChurchis found of teaches, notGod only in Ephesians in the oil 6 help you better would a seed.of Confi You rmationwere created we are with sealed free withwill, understand the“The Sacrament effectand of the theof Confioutpouring sacrament rmation? of theConfi Holy rmation Spirit received and that meansGod’s Spirit that forand the set graces apart asto belongingbecome to is the specialin both outpouring Sacraments, of the but Holy also Spirit in the symbols ______more meaningfulHim. We andbear effective His seal —in for the those battle between as once grantedused to toshow the forthapostles those on graces.the day seeds to beargood fruit and —evil you waged must allfreely around choose us. The seal is ______of Pentecost.In ancient From thistimes, fact, anointing Confi rmation with oil had many to nurturean and indelible develop mark them. on Youour soulcan do— it this can never be brings anmeanings. increase and The deepening oil was often of perfumed and by spendinglost. time with God in prayer, going to baptismalsmelled grace: itsweet roots and us morepleasing. deeply It was in a sign Massof and Confession regularly, and striving to 6. What does the laying on of hands symbolize? ______This understanding of anointing puts St. Paul’s the divinebeing fi liation clean, which and oftenmakes people us cry would‘Abba! anointlive a virtuous life. Virtues help us avoid sin. words in Ephesians 6:13–17 into sharper focus: ______Father!’ [Filiationthemselves refers after to bathing.the relationship It was a sign of The goal of a virtuous life is to become like Activity 2 “Therefore, put on the armor of God … stand of a son orhealing daughter and towas his used or her to sootheparents.] wounds. Gifts God of — tothe participate Holy in HisSpirit divine life of love fast with your loins girded in truth, clothed It unites usAthletes more fiwould rmly useto Christ.oil to loosenIt renders up stiff jointshere on earth and to get to Heaven. 7. What is the goal of a virtuousand muscles. life? ______Anointing with oil was a symbol with righteousness as a breastplate, and your of abundance, joy,God beauty, gives goodto us thehealth,Directions: gift of and fortitude Read for feetabout the shod each in gift readinessis saying.of the Holy It for helps Spirit the us gospel and to know then of usepeace.right the from gifts of the Holy Spirit ______Cards to respond to the questions. strength. times we face challenges in life. WithIn this all circumstances,wrong and hold to judge faith whetheras a shield, things will lead gift, we’re able to overcome the diffi culties, us toward God or away from Him. A. Put students into four groups and distribute to pain, and suffering in our lives with energy hen we are baptized, we receiveThe gifts the of the Holy Spirit are very real Understandingand resolve. We are strengthened to stand up Holy Spirit. God invites eachgraces of us that to we can pray and ask God for. 160 for and defend theW Catholic Faith even to the SAMPLE Helps us grasp revealed truthsparticipate more easily.in His Understandingpower and grace. isGod aThe gift wants Bible of the to giveHoly themSpirit. to us! Through these point of physical harm or death. With this gift talks about very specifi c ways thisgifts, grace we is receive help in our daily life to MATTHEWwe 10:19-20: are able to ______do God’s will in our lives and given to us in our lives. We call these graces each groups a set of deepen our faith, make good decisions, and Catechist Resource: Gifts our fear is removed. Piety ______the gifts of the Holy Spirit. The prophettreat othersIsaiah well. God wants to change our Loyalty to God and divineThe things. gift Piety of counsel is atalks gift or of aboutright the judgmentHolyseven Spirit. of these helps gifts. Let’slives explore for the better. Let us open161 our hearts to ______these gifts a little more. receive His gifts and His love. ROMANS 8:16: ______us to be more open to what our conscience The beginning of true wisdom is a respect of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this 3. What are some things you can do to hear God speaking to you more clearly? ______Fortitude and love for God. This gift is more than giving Holy Spirit at Pentecost stained-glass window. 162 ______A steady will to do good, in spite of diffi culties. Fortitude is a gift of the Holy Spirit and a ______good advice. Wisdom perfects our faith, cardinal virtue. because it helps us to see God for who He is. ______Our Catholic Faith contains many different JOHN 16:33: When ______our faith is inspired by a real love for 6. Would someone who doesn’t know you be able to tell you are a Christian from observingteachings. the These teachings aren’t always easy guide) way you treat others? Explain. God, our lives will never be the same! Counsel ______to understand! The gift of understanding ______The gift of fear of the Lord does not mean helps us know and understand the truths of Helps us judge quickly and correctly. Counsel is a gift of the Holy Spirit. being ______terrifi ed by something scary. Another our Faith that are beyond our ability to know ______PROVERBS 3:1: ______word for fear is “awe” or “wonder.” This gift by ourselves. God’s grace helps us to get to 1. Why do you thinkinspires Jesus us tellsto see us God to “take as He heart”? is, not Whatwho we does the theheart heart have of to the do truth with and to know and follow fortitude? ______think He might be, and to be in awe of His God’s will for us. B. Have students use the cards to complete Gifts Fear of the Lord glory and might. We recognize that He is Deep respect for God that helps ______us ______avoid sin. Fear of the Lord is a gift of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit’s gift of knowledge isn’t majestic, powerful, and all loving; that He is knowing all the right answers on a test. PSALM 119:120: ______truth, beauty, and goodness. When we see 4. To whom do you usually go for advice? Does anyone ever ask you for yourRather, advice? this How gift do helps us to see things God for who He is, we know in our hearts that you know what to tell them? ______through God’s eyes. It makes it easier to of the Holy Spirit (page 163). Encourage them we must avoid sin, and our relationship with Wisdom distinguish between truth and temptation. ______Him is strengthened. ______Helps us respond to God as we contemplate (think about and meditateThe gifton) divineof knowledge things. helps us to know ______Wisdom is a gift Asof thewe growHoly Spirit.in our relationship with God, God’s plan for our live and to act upon 7. Fear of the Lord is sometimes called “awe.”the gift What of pietydoes helpsawe mean? us to knowHave youGod ever as our seen it. Knowledge helps us to overcome our anything or been anywherePROVERBS that made 3:18: you ______feel awe? to discuss the questions in their groups. Father. Piety is to have reverence for holy weaknesses, sins, and failures. When we see Knowledge things and for God. This gift helps us to have how God is moving in our lives, we can see ______Awareness of God’s plan forthe our right lives. attitude Knowledge toward is God a gift and of theto worship Holy Spirit. how both the good things and the bad things ______Him because we love Him. have a purpose and meaning. 2 PETER 2.1:5: The sacred ______author uses a metaphor to tell us that wisdom is a “tree of life.” How is wisdom like a tree? How does it give us life? ______163 5. When you know something, how do you know that you know it?

______

164 ______

165

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352 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity 3

Confi rmation Graphic Organizer A. Have students turn to Confirmation Graphic Directions:Confi Use rmation information Quotes from thisfrom guide, the yourCatechism class notes, of andthe the Catholic Catechism Church of the Catholic Church nos. 1285-1321 to complete 1-5 on this chart. Share your personal A. “Increases the gifts of the Holy Spirit in us.” (1303) Organizer (page 167) and use their refl ections for 6-7. B. “In the Latin Rite, the ordinary minister of Confi rmation is the bishop.” (1313)

C. “A special outpouring of the Holy Spirit as once granted to the Apostles on the day of worksheets and the given quotations from the 1 What isPentecost the scriptural [see basisActs 2:1-13].”of (1302) this Sacrament? D. “An increase and deepening of baptismal grace.” (1303) Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete E. “The priest is the sign and the instrument of God’s merciful love for the sinner.” (1465) 2 WhatF. are“Candidates the things forused Confi or rmation … fi ttingly seek the spiritual help of a sponsor.” (1311) doneG. when “The this Sacrament Sacrament of Confi is rmation is conferred … through the laying on of hands.” (1300) received (matter)? Confirmation Graphic Organizer. H. “Every baptized person not yet confi rmed can and should receive the Sacrament of Confi rmation.” (1306) 3 What are the words spoken I. “Roots us more deeply in the divine fi liation which makes us cry, ‘Abba! Father!’” (1303) with this Sacrament (form)? B. Lead the class in filling in your larger classroom J. “Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit.” (1300) K. “If the need arises, the bishop may grant the faculty of administering Confi rmation to 4 What arepriests.” the effects (1313) of this version of the chart to review the answers to Sacrament?L. “Renders our bond with the Church more perfect.” (1303) M. “Gives us a special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith by word and action as true witnesses of Christ, to confess the name of Christ boldly, and never to be Confirmation Graphic Organizer. 5 Who is theashamed ordinary of the minister Cross.” (1303) of this Sacrament? N. “If a Christian is in danger of death, any priest can give him Confi rmation.” (1314)

O. “The Sacrament of Confi rmation is conferred through the anointing with chrism on the forehead.” (1300) 6 How does this Sacrament revealP. God’s“To receive life-giving Confi love? rmation one must be in a state of grace.” (1310) Q. “Very early, the better to signify the gift of the Holy Spirit, an anointing with perfumed oil (chrism) was added to the laying on of hands.” (1289) Activity 4 7 HowR. does “It imprintsthis Sacrament on the helpsoul an indelible spiritual mark … which is the sign that Jesus Christ has you to becomemarked morea Christian like your with the seal of His Spirit.” (1304) Heavenly Father? S. “From that time on the apostles, in fulfi llment of Christ’s will, imparted to the newly baptized by the laying on of hands the gift of the Spirit that completes the grace of Baptism. ...The imposition of hands is rightly recognized by the Catholic tradition as the Show students the Sophia SketchPad Confirmation origin of the sacrament of Confi rmation, which in a certain way perpetuates the grace of Pentecost in the Church [see Acts 8:15-17; 19;5-6; and Hebrews 6:2].” (1288) 167 Video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. 168

Activity 5

A. Distribute index cards and give students all but five minutes of the remaining class time to work on their Jeopardy questions for the Sacrament of Confirmation. Remind students to initial their cards so you can keep track of their understanding. B. When five minutes remain, have students return to the Confirmation Pre-Assessment (page 151) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right-hand column. C. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. D. Close with a class discussion asking what new things students have learned about Confirmation, and answering any lingeringSAMPLE questions they might have.

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 353 Pentecostés BY FRaY JUaN BaUTISTa MaINO (C. 1615-1620)

SAMPLE

Museo del Prado, Madrid.

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354 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Pentecost

2. Accept reasoned Pentecostés answers. Pentecostés, by Friar Juan Bautista Maíno (c. 1615-1620) 3. Accept reasoned answers. Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss 4. Golden light is them with your classmates. streaming out Discussion Questions from behind the 1. What moment from the Bible does this painting depict? dove at the top of 2. What is your favorite part? the scene. 3. How does the artist’s use of color affect the way you respond to the painting?

5. Accept reasoned 4. Where is the light coming from in the scene?

answers. 5. Read Acts 2:1-4 below. How does this painting help you understand this Gospel passage?

When the time for Pentecost was fulfi lled, they were all in one place together. And 6. We see a visual suddenly there came from the sky a noise like a strong driving wind, and it fi lled the entire house in which they were. Then there appeared to them tongues as of fi re, which depiction of that parted and came to rest on each one of them. And they were all fi lled with the holy Spirit wonderful light and began to speak in different tongues, as the Spirit enabled them to proclaim. in this painting; 6. How would you connect this painting and the Sacrament of Confi rmation to our fi rst Pope’s words in 1 Peter 2:9: it is not just a But you are “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of his own, so that literal, visual light, you may announce the praises” of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. though, that St. Peter refers to. He means the light of Christ. Christ frees us from the darkness of sin in Baptism, and He strengthens us for 159 the Christian life in the Sacrament SAMPLE of Confirmation. After the Holy Spirit poured out on them at Pentecost, Mary and the Apostles were ready to “announce the praises” of Christ.

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 355 The Effects of Confi rmation

Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions.

esus promised the gift of the Holy Spirit, Anointing with oil was also a sign Jwhich was received by the Apostles at of consecration, or of being set apart Pentecost. From there, the Apostles followed or sealed as belonging to another. This is what Jesus’ command to make disciples of all the is meant when the bishop says “Be sealed…” nations by baptizing them, and they bestowed A seal is a symbol of belonging. A soldier upon them what they had received, the gift bore his leader’s seal into battle. A personal of the Holy Spirit, so that these new disciples letter would be marked with the author’s seal could do as the Apostles did and proclaim to ensure that it was authentic. Jesus — the Jesus as Lord. authentic Messiah — proclaimed that He “Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit.” was marked with His Father’s seal, which These are the words spoken by the bishop as He then gave us as a share in His mission as he anoints the forehead of the confi rmand priest, prophet, and king. (the person being confi rmed) with holy In the Sacraments, anointing with oil oil. The holy oil, called chrism in the Latin shares these same meanings. Anointing Rite, and myron in Eastern Rites, is a visible at Baptism symbolizes cleansing, while symbol of the seal of the Holy Spirit. The oil Anointing of the Sick symbolizes healing. that is used in Confi rmation is the same oil Anointing at Confi rmation is a sign of that is used to anoint the newly baptized as strengthening. It symbolizes an abundant priest, prophet, and king. outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and the beauty Indeed, there is a close connection between and joy of the fullness of the Christian life. the Sacraments of Baptism and Confi rmation. Anointing at Confi rmation also symbolizes This connection is found not only in the oil being consecrated to God. By the Sacrament and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit received of Confi rmation we are sealed with in both Sacraments, but also in the symbols God’s Spirit and set apart as belonging to used to show forth those graces. Him. We bear His seal in the battle between good and evil waged all around us. The seal is In ancient times, anointing with oil had many an indelible mark on our soul — it can never be meanings. The oil was often perfumed and lost. smelled sweet and pleasing. It was a sign of being clean, and often peopleSAMPLE would anoint This understanding of anointing puts St. Paul’s themselves after bathing. It was a sign of words in Ephesians 6:13–17 into sharper focus: healing and was used to soothe wounds. “Therefore, put on the armor of God … stand Athletes would use oil to loosen up stiff joints fast with your loins girded in truth, clothed and muscles. Anointing with oil was a symbol with righteousness as a breastplate, and your of abundance, joy, beauty, good health, and feet shod in readiness for the gospel of peace. strength. In all circumstances, hold faith as a shield,

160

356 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS to quench all [the] fl aming arrows of the evil [or makes] our bond with the Church more one. And take the helmet of salvation and the perfect” (adapted from CCC 1302-1303). sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.” At Confi rmation you also receive the gifts of By the Sacrament of Confi rmation we are the Holy Spirit. Since grace perfects nature, equipped with the sword and shield of faith these gifts build on your natural virtues. The and the Holy Spirit to fi ght the good fi ght and gifts of the Holy Spirit are wisdom, counsel, proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to all. understanding, fortitude, knowledge, piety, Another symbol of the gift of the Holy Spirit and fear of the Lord. (You may have heard is the laying on of hands. In the Sacrament of courage as a gift of the Holy Spirit. But of Confi rmation, the bishop lays his hands courage and fortitude are not quite synonyms. on the confi rmand as a sign of the bestowing Fortitude is a stronger virtue than courage.) of the Spirit that he himself received in the St. Peter is a good example of someone very same way. The laying on of hands is a whose natural virtue was strengthened by powerful symbol of an unbroken line of grace grace. St. Peter had the natural fortitude that extends back to Jesus and the Apostles. to follow Jesus, but he needed spiritual fortitude in order to preach. He received a The effects of the Sacrament special outpouring of grace at Pentecost, the You were given seeds of grace at your scriptural foundation of Confi rmation, and Baptism, and Confi rmation strengthens only then was he able to come out of hiding and perfects that grace. The Sacrament of and boldly preach the gospel. Confi rmation more perfectly binds a baptized But the gifts of the Holy Spirit do not person to the Church and fi lls him or her instantly transform you. You must choose to with a special strength of the Holy Spirit. The accept these gifts and nurture them as you Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches, would a seed. You were created with free will, “The effect of the sacrament of Confi rmation and that means that for the graces to become is the special outpouring of the Holy Spirit more meaningful and effective — for those as once granted to the apostles on the day seeds to bear fruit — you must freely choose of Pentecost. From this fact, Confi rmation to nurture and develop them. You can do this brings an increase and deepening of by spending time with God in prayer, going to baptismal grace: it roots us more deeply in Mass and Confession regularly, and striving to the divine fi liation which makes us cry ‘Abba! live a virtuous life. Virtues help us avoid sin. Father!’ [Filiation refers to the relationship The goal of a virtuous life is to become like of a son or daughter to his or her parents.] God — to participate in His divine life of love It unites us more fiSAMPLE rmly to Christ. It renders here on earth and to get to Heaven.

161

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 357 Answer Key 1. “Be sealed with

the gift of the 1. What does the bishop say during the Sacrament of Confi rmation? Holy Spirit.” ______

______2. Confirmation

perfects our 2. Why is there a close connection between Baptism and Confi rmation? baptismal grace. ______The connection ______between the 3. What does it mean to be consecrated? ______two can be seen ______not only in the outpouring of 4. What is an example of a seal? ______the Holy Spirit ______received in both 5. How does St. Paul’s description of the armor of God in Ephesians 6 help you better Sacraments, understand the Sacrament of Confi rmation? but also in the ______symbols used to ______

show forth those 6. What does the laying on of hands symbolize? ______

graces. ______

3. To be set apart 7. What is the goal of a virtuous life? ______

or sealed as ______belonging to another.

4. A soldier bore his leader’s seal into battle. A personal letter would be 162 marked with the author’s seal to ensure that it was SAMPLE authentic.

5. By the Sacrament of Confirmation we are equipped with the sword and shield of faith and the Holy Spirit to fight the good fight and proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ to all.

6. Bestowing of the Holy Spirit that the bishop himself received in the very same way.

7. The goal of a virtuous life is to become like God — to participate in His divine life of love here on earth and to get to Heaven.

358 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Gifts of the Holy Spirit

Directions: Read about each gift of the Holy Spirit and then use the gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards to respond to the questions.

hen we are baptized, we receive the WHoly Spirit. God invites each of us to participate in His power and grace. The Bible talks about very specifi c ways this grace is given to us in our lives. We call these graces the gifts of the Holy Spirit. The prophet Isaiah talks about seven of these gifts. Let’s explore these gifts a little more.

The beginning of true wisdom is a respect and love for God. This gift is more than giving Holy Spirit at Pentecost stained-glass window. good advice. Wisdom perfects our faith, because it helps us to see God for who He is. Our Catholic Faith contains many different When our faith is inspired by a real love for teachings. These teachings aren’t always easy God, our lives will never be the same! to understand! The gift of understanding The gift of fear of the Lord does not mean helps us know and understand the truths of being terrifi ed by something scary. Another our Faith that are beyond our ability to know word for fear is “awe” or “wonder.” This gift by ourselves. God’s grace helps us to get to inspires us to see God as He is, not who we the heart of the truth and to know and follow think He might be, and to be in awe of His God’s will for us. glory and might. We recognize that He is The Holy Spirit’s gift of knowledge isn’t majestic, powerful, and all loving; that He is knowing all the right answers on a test. truth, beauty, and goodness. When we see Rather, this gift helps us to see things God for who He is, we know in our hearts that through God’s eyes. It makes it easier to we must avoid sin, and our relationship with distinguish between truth and temptation. Him is strengthened. The gift of knowledge helps us to know As we grow in our relationship with God, God’s plan for our live and to act upon the gift of piety helpsSAMPLE us to know God as our it. Knowledge helps us to overcome our Father. Piety is to have reverence for holy weaknesses, sins, and failures. When we see things and for God. This gift helps us to have how God is moving in our lives, we can see the right attitude toward God and to worship how both the good things and the bad things Him because we love Him. have a purpose and meaning.

163

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 359 God gives to us the gift of fortitude for the is saying. It helps us to know right from times we face challenges in life. With this wrong and to judge whether things will lead gift, we’re able to overcome the diffi culties, us toward God or away from Him. pain, and suffering in our lives with energy The gifts of the Holy Spirit are very real and resolve. We are strengthened to stand up graces that we can pray and ask God for. for and defend the Catholic Faith even to the God wants to give them to us! Through these point of physical harm or death. With this gift gifts, we receive help in our daily life to we are able to do God’s will in our lives and deepen our faith, make good decisions, and our fear is removed. treat others well. God wants to change our The gift of counsel or right judgment helps lives for the better. Let us open our hearts to us to be more open to what our conscience receive His gifts and His love.

Fortitude A steady will to do good, in spite of diffi culties. Fortitude is a gift of the Holy Spirit and a cardinal virtue.

JOHN 16:33: ______

______

1. Why do you think Jesus tells us to “take heart”? What does the heart have to do with fortitude?

______

Wisdom Helps us respond to God as we contemplate (think about and meditate on) divine things. Wisdom is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

PROVERBS 3:18: ______

______

2. The sacred author usesSAMPLE a metaphor to tell us that wisdom is a “tree of life.” How is wisdom like a tree? How does it give us life?

______

164

Correct Scripture verses can be found on Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this guide). Accept reasoned answers for the questions.

360 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Understanding Helps us grasp revealed truths more easily. Understanding is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

MATTHEW 10:19-20: ______

______

3. What are some things you can do to hear God speaking to you more clearly?

______

Counsel Helps us judge quickly and correctly. Counsel is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

PROVERBS 3:1: ______

______

4. To whom do you usually go for advice? Does anyone ever ask you for your advice? How do you know what to tell them?

______

Knowledge Awareness of God’s plan for our lives. Knowledge is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

2 PETER 1:5: ______

______SAMPLE ______5. When you know something, how do you know that you know it?

______

165

Correct Scripture verses can be found on Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this guide). Accept reasoned answers for the questions.

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 361 Piety Loyalty to God and divine things. Piety is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

ROMANS 8:16: ______

______

6. Would someone who doesn’t know you be able to tell you are a Christian from observing the way you treat others? Explain.

______

Fear of the Lord Deep respect for God that helps us avoid sin. Fear of the Lord is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

PSALM 119:120: ______

______

7. Fear of the Lord is sometimes called “awe.” What does awe mean? Have you ever seen anything or been anywhere that made you feel awe?

______

______SAMPLE

166

Correct Scripture verses can be found on Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards (page 365 in this guide). Accept reasoned answers for the questions.

362 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Pentecost and the laying on of hands Confi rmation Graphic Organizer by the Apostles, the first bishops. Directions: Use information from this guide, your class notes, and the Catechism of the See Acts 2:1-13; Catholic Church nos. 1285-1321 to complete 1-5 on this chart. Share your personal refl ections for 6-7. 8:15-17; 19;5-6; and Hebrews 6:2. 1 What is the scriptural basis of 2. Anointing with oil this Sacrament? and laying on of hands. 2 What are the things used or done when this Sacrament is 3. “Be sealed with received (matter)?

the gift of the 3 What are the words spoken Holy Spirit.” with this Sacrament (form)?

4. We receive an 4 What are the effects of this outpouring of Sacrament? the Holy Spirit;

the gifts of the 5 Who is the ordinary minister Holy Spirit are of this Sacrament? increased; our baptismal grace 6 How does this Sacrament reveal God’s life-giving love? and our bond with the Church are 7 How does this Sacrament help perfected; we are you to become more like your brought closer Heavenly Father? into the Father/ child relationship 167 with God; we receive a special strength to share SAMPLE the gospel; an indelible mark, which is the seal of Christ.

5. Bishop, unless a Christian is in danger of death, in which case any priest may offer the Sacrament. A bishop can also grant special permission to priests to confirm.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 363 Confi rmation Quotes from theCatechism of the Catholic Church A. “Increases the gifts of the Holy Spirit in us.” (1303)

B. “In the Latin Rite, the ordinary minister of Confi rmation is the bishop.” (1313)

C. “A special outpouring of the Holy Spirit as once granted to the Apostles on the day of Pentecost [see Acts 2:1-13].” (1302)

D. “An increase and deepening of baptismal grace.” (1303)

E. “The priest is the sign and the instrument of God’s merciful love for the sinner.” (1465)

F. “Candidates for Confi rmation … fi ttingly seek the spiritual help of a sponsor.” (1311)

G. “The Sacrament of Confi rmation is conferred … through the laying on of hands.” (1300)

H. “Every baptized person not yet confi rmed can and should receive the Sacrament of Confi rmation.” (1306)

I. “Roots us more deeply in the divine fi liation which makes us cry, ‘Abba! Father!’” (1303)

J. “Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit.” (1300)

K. “If the need arises, the bishop may grant the faculty of administering Confi rmation to priests.” (1313)

L. “Renders our bond with the Church more perfect.” (1303)

M. “Gives us a special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith by word and action as true witnesses of Christ, to confess the name of Christ boldly, and never to be ashamed of the Cross.” (1303)

N. “If a Christian is in danger of death, any priest can give him Confi rmation.” (1314)

O. “The Sacrament of Confi rmation is conferred through the anointing with chrism on the forehead.” (1300)

P. “To receive Confi rmation one must be in a state of grace.” (1310)

Q. “Very early, the better to signify the gift of the Holy Spirit, an anointing with perfumed oil (chrism) was added to the laying on of hands.” (1289)

R. “It imprints on the soul an indelible spiritual mark … which is the sign that Jesus Christ has marked a Christian withSAMPLE the seal of His Spirit.” (1304) S. “From that time on the apostles, in fulfi llment of Christ’s will, imparted to the newly baptized by the laying on of hands the gift of the Spirit that completes the grace of Baptism. ...The imposition of hands is rightly recognized by the Catholic tradition as the origin of the sacrament of Confi rmation, which in a certain way perpetuates the grace of Pentecost in the Church [see Acts 8:15-17; 19;5-6; and Hebrews 6:2].” (1288)

168

364 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS CATECHIST RESOURCE Gifts of the Holy Spirit Cards

Directions: Copy and cut out the cards below. You will need enough sets to distribute one set to each group of four students in your class.

Fortitude I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world A steady will to do good, in you will have trouble. But take heart! I spite of difficulties. Fortitude have overcome the world.

is a gift of the Holy Spirit JOHN 16:33 (NIV) and a cardinal virtue.

Reflection Question: Why do you think Jesus tells us to “take heart”? What does the heart have to do with fortitude?

Wisdom Helps us respond to God She [Wisdom] is a tree of life to those who grasp her, and those who hold her as we contemplate (think fast are happy. about and meditate on) PROVERBS 3:18 divine things.SAMPLE Wisdom is a gift of the Holy Spirit.

Reflection Question: The sacred author uses a metaphor to tell us that wisdom is a “tree of life.” How is wisdom like a tree? How does it give us life?

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 365 When they hand you over, do not Understanding worry about how you are to speak or what you are to say. You will be Helps us grasp revealed truths given at that moment what you are more easily. Understanding is a to say. For it will not be you who gift of the Holy Spirit. speaks, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.

MATTHEW 10:19-20

Reflection Question: What are some things you can do to hear God speaking to you more clearly?

My son, do not forget my Counsel teaching, take to heart my Helps us judge quickly and correctly. commands. Counsel is a gift of the Holy Spirit. PROVERBS 3:1

Reflection Question: To whom do you usually go for advice? Does anyone ever ask you for your advice? How do you know what to tell them? SAMPLE

366 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Knowledge Make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue, virtue with Awareness of God’s plan for knowledge. our lives. Knowledge is a gift of 2 PETER 1:5 the Holy Spirit.

Reflection Question: When you know something, how do you know that you know it?

The Spirit itself bears witness with Piety our spirit that we are children of Loyalty to God and divine things. God. Piety is a gift of the Holy Spirit. ROMANS 8:16

Reflection Question: Would someone who doesn’t know you be able to tell you are a Christian from observing the way you treat others? Explain.

Fear of the Lord My flesh trembles in fear of you; Deep respect for God that helps us I stand in awe of your laws. avoid sin. FearSAMPLE of the Lord is a gift PSALM 119:120 (NIV) of the Holy Spirit.

Reflection Question: Fear of the Lord is sometimes called “awe.” What does awe mean? Have you ever seen anything or been anywhere that made you feel awe?

Session 22: Living the Sacrament of Confirmation 367 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

368 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS SESSION 23 The Story of the Eucharist

What students willSAMPLE learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The Eucharist is the “source and ӹӹ Test their knowledge of the summit of the Christian life.” Eucharist. ӹӹ Jesus clearly taught that we must ӹӹ Look at sacred art. eat His Body and drink His Blood ӹӹ Consider how they should receive in order to have eternal life. the Eucharist. ӹӹ The Eucharist is the Body, Blood, ӹӹ Read about prefigurations of the Soul, and Divinity of Jesus Christ. Eucharist in Scripture.

Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 369 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Eucharist Pre-Assessment (page 169) ӹӹ How Do We Receive the Body and Blood ӹӹ Adoration of the Lamb (page 170) of Christ? (page 174) ӹӹ What Is the Eucharist? (page 172) ӹӹ The Eucharist Prefigured (page 177)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Lamb of God: A title given to Jesus that describes His sacrifice to free us from sin. Just like the sacrifice of the Passover lamb freed the Israelites from slavery, Jesus’s sacrifice frees us from death and sin in a new Passover. ӹӹ Passover: The central event of the Exodus. The final plague God sent upon Egypt was the plague of the death of the firstborn of every family in Egypt. By sacrificing a lamb, spreading its blood on their doorposts, and eating its roasted flesh in a sacred meal of bread and wine, the Israelite homes would be passed over by the plague of death. God also commanded that the Israelites remember this original Passover event every year with a memorial meal. The original Passover foreshadows Christ’s own sacrifice on the Cross.

Prayer for this session:SAMPLE Down in adoration falling, To the Everlasting Father, Lo! the sacred Host we hail, And the Son Who reigns on high Lo! o’er ancient forms departing With the Holy Ghost proceeding Newer rites of grace prevail; Forth from Each eternally, Faith for all defects supplying, Be salvation, honour, blessing, Where the feeble senses fail. Might, and endless majesty. Amen.

370 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Session Plan Choose from a warm-up and activities.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session.

B. Have students turn to Eucharist Pre- Eucharist Pre-Assessment

Assessment (page 169). Students should fill Directions: In the left-hand column mark each statement true or false. Mark them again in the right-hand column at the end of our study of the Eucharist to see if you were in the left column only and answer true or false right.

Before beginning At the end of for each statement. Let them know that it is your study your study True or False? Statement True or False?

all right for them not to know the answers to ______1. Jesus instituted the Sacrament of the Eucharist at ______the Last Supper.

these questions yet as you will be going over ______2. Jesus’ teaching on the Bread of Life can be found ______in the letter to the Corinthians. this information in class. Students will fill in ______3. You must receive the Eucharist at least once ______before you turn 18, and at least once more thereafter.

the right-hand column as a post-assessment in ______4. The Eucharist is the Body and Blood of Jesus ______Christ.

the next session to see if their knowledge has ______5. In addition to receiving the Eucharist at Holy ______Mass, we can be with Jesus in Eucharistic improved. Adoration. ______6. The Eucharist is the memorial of Christ’s ______Passover. C. Read aloud to students Catechism of the ______7. The Eucharist unites us more closely to Jesus. ______8. The Church offers the Eucharist to those ______who would like to receive it, but it is not truly Catholic Church no. 1324: necessary to the Christian life. The Eucharist is “the source and summit of the Christian life.” 169 D. If needed, discuss the words source and summit, ensuring that students understand them. E. Ask a student to rephrase the sentence but inverting the order: in other words, with a sentence that begins with “The Christian life…” E.g., The Christian life flows from the Eucharist, and the Eucharist is its highest point.SAMPLE EXPLAIN to students that the Catechism puts it like this: “The other Sacraments, and indeed all … ministries and works … are bound up with the Eucharist and are oriented toward it. For in the Blessed Eucharist is contained the whole spiritual good of the Church, namely Christ Himself” (CCC 1324). In other words, the whole of the Christian life begins with the Eucharist and is directed toward the Eucharist. It is the “source and summit” of our Faith.

Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 371 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Ask if anyone can explain in simple terms what the Eucharist is. It is Jesus’ Body and Blood under the appearance of bread and wine. B. Emphasize that Jesus commands us to eat His Body and drink His Blood. In the Gospel of John He tells us in no uncertain terms: “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you do not have life within you” (6:25). Why would He tell us to do something that sounds so strange? Allow reasoned answers for now. C. Explain that you will now look at some of the reasons why it made perfect sense for Jesus to tell us to do these things. D. Read aloud Exodus 12:3-28 and ask students Adoration of the Lamb to listen for words that they think could apply Adoration of the Lamb, by Michiel Coxie (c. 1557-1559) to Jesus. For example, “without blemish” or

Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss them with your classmates. “unleavened bread” (if students are familiar

Discussion Questions 1. What do you see happening in this painting? with the host).

2. What is on the altar? Whom or what does it symbolize? What is catching its blood? 3. What do you see above the altar? Whom or what does it symbolize? E. Have students turn to Adoration of the Lamb 4. Jesus’ cousin John the Baptist said about Jesus, “Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.” Why did John call Jesus Adoration a lamb? of the Lamb BY MICHIeL COXIe (C. 1557-1559) 5. Recall the story of the Exodus, when Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt. What (page 170) and discuss the conversation did God tell the Israelites to do on the night that the Angel of Death passed through Egypt?

6. Jesus instituted a New Passover. What would be the sacrifi ce for this New Covenant?

7. The angels behind the altar are holding a cross with a crown of leaves, a spear, a scourge questions in pairs before calling on a few and a sponge, a column and a rod. What might be the signifi cance of these things? 8. What did the Israelites do with the Passover lamb? (Hint: See Exodus 12:8.) volunteers to share their responses. F. Ask the class why it is important that the lamb on the altar is standing up, clearly alive and strong. What does this teach us about Jesus 171 Bode-Museum, Berlin. and the Eucharist? Jesus is the Resurrection — He 170 is new life. He is both Priest and Victim of the Sacrifice of the Mass. He was raised from the

What Is the Eucharist? dead, and promises that we will be too, if we eat

Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions that follow. His flesh and drink His blood. 3. The Eucharist helps us to see the face of Jesus in the poor. Why would that be important?

______he Eucharist is the Body and Blood of we know that He is all powerful and He is the ______TJesus Christ. It is not just a symbol or a one who tells us that the Holy Eucharist is His sign but His real Body and Blood. The change Body and Blood. 4. What ofis athe pilgrimage bread and? Why wine does into the CatechismBody and refer to our life on earth as a pilgrimage? Blood of Jesus is called transubstantiation. What Are Its Fruits? ______The entire substance of the bread and When we receive Holy Communion, we grow wine changes, although they appear the SAMPLE ______closer to Christ. The Eucharist helps us avoid same as they did before the change. Validly sin and strengthens our charity. It helps us to Activity 2 ordained priests have the power to invoke see the face of Jesus in the poor. 5. How doesthe Holy the EucharistSpirit and revealpronounce God’s the self-giving words of love? The Catechism explains, “Participation in the ______consecration when they act in the person of Holy Sacrifi ce identifi es us with [Jesus’] Heart, Christ through the power of the Sacrament sustains our strength along the pilgrimage ______of Holy Orders. “By the consecration the A. Have students read What Is the Eucharist? of this life, makes us long for eternal life, and transubstantiation of the bread and wine unites us even now to the Church in heaven, into the Body and Blood of Christ is brought the Blessed Virgin Mary, and all the saints” about. Under the consecrated species of (CCC 1419). A pilgrimage is a journey to a new and answer the questions. bread and wine Christ himself, living and (page 172) home or to a sacred place. We are pilgrims on glorious, is present in a true, real, and our journey through earth to Heaven, and the substantial manner: his Body and his Blood, Eucharist is our food along the way. We need with his soul and his divinity” (CCC 1413). the Eucharist for life and strength to fi nish B. Go over the answers to What Is the Eucharist?. The bread and wine are not symbols of Jesus’ the journey to our true home, otherwise we Body. In fact, Christ could not have used will collapse before we can reach it. clearer, more explicit words than “This is My We will learn much more about the effects body.” He did not say that the Eucharist was of the Eucharist, as well as how we should a “sign” of His Body, or that it “represents” receive it, in the coming days. His Body. We take Jesus at His word because

1. What is the Eucharist? ______

2. How do we know it is the Body and Blood of Jesus?

______

172

173

Activity 3 How Do We Receive the Body and Blood of Christ? A. Go over the information on How Do We Receive in an operating room unsupervised. They Why should we receive Communion Directions: Readdon’t the understand essay and yetdiscuss how theto use following the tools conversation of often? questions. a surgeon. In the same way, not believing and Just as we need to eat and drink several times practicing the Catholic Faith does not make a day to maintain our physical strength, so the Body and Blood of Christ? (page 174) as a How do we receivesomeone the a bad person, but it means thatyou could pray the Anima Christi, a prayer we also need to receive the Eucharist to he or she should not receive the Eucharist.from the 14th century: Conversation Questions feed the soul. The very Body of Christ, the Body of Christ?Anyone who isn’t fully initiated into the life 1. What is the Eucharist? What are someEucharist, ways strengthenswe know it is and not nourishes just a symbol? the You can receive theof the Eucharist Church on cannot your receivetongue the Soulgifts ofthe Christ, sanctify me. 2. Did anything in this reading surpriseBody you? of Christ — the Church — whose members (the ordinary way),Eucharist a traditional offers. sign of our Body of Christ, save me. class. are gathered in the Eucharistic celebration. humility before God and an acknowledgment3. Did anything in this reading give you ideas for how you can approach Jesus more When we receive the Eucharist, theBlood priest of Christ, inebriate me. reverently each time you go to Mass?When we eat food, our bodies receive the that it is Christ who feeds us. You may also Water from the side of Christ, wash me. says, “The Body of Christ,” and we respond, nourishment they need to maintain strength. receive Communion in your hands4. Did (the this reading spark any ideas for things you can do to grow closer to Christ? “Amen,” which means “so be it,” orPassion “I agree.” of Christ,When strengthen we eat me.the Eucharist, our souls receive optional way). If you do so, you5. should How doesmake the Eucharist reveal God’s self-giving love? For this reason, it would be a lie forO goodnon- Jesus, hearthe me. nourishment they need to maintain sure your hands are clean and empty, placing Catholics and others who do not believeWithin theThy woundsstrength. hide me. B. Discuss the conversation questions as well as any your left hand fl at over your right, and that Eucharist is the Lord to receive theSuffer Eucharist. me not to be separated from Thee. you put the host in your mouth right away Frequent reception of the Eucharist, explains From the malicious enemy defend me. rather than waitingThe until Catechism you return and canonto your law provide for the Catechism, increases charity in our In the hour of my death call me. pew. very limited circumstances in which, in case daily life, and that charity allows us to root of “grave necessity,” such as the dangerAnd bid of me comeourselves unto Thee in Christ (CCC 1394). Frequent other questions students might have about the We should receive — never take — the Eucharist death, Sacraments may be administeredThat I may to praisereception Thee with of Thy the saintsEucharist helps us to reach in a way that demonstrates the respect and those who ask, “provided that theyand manifest with Thy angelsour spiritual goals and to avoid those things awe we have for God. Some of the other ways Catholic faith ... and are properly disposed”Forever and ever.that lead us to sin. we do this include: (CIC 844 § 4). Amen. reading and the Eucharist. Catholics are required to receive Communion ӹ fasting for at least one hour before Catholics in a state of mortal sin also may at least once a year, but the Church warmly receiving Communion, except for water not receive the Eucharist. When weWho receive can receiveinvites Communion? us to receive it much more often: and medicine. the Eucharist — the Body and BloodNon-Catholics of Jesus andevery Catholics week, evenwho everyare day! We should ӹ dressing appropriately for Mass as a sign Christ — into our souls, our souls shouldin a state of mortalnot sin just may think not of receive the Eucharist as just a of respect. be ready to give Him a good, pureCommunion. home. This“requirement,” may cause some in any to feelcase. St. Jean-Marie ӹ genufl ectingOur toward souls the should Real bePresence in the stateof ofexcluded. grace to So whyVianney does the said, Church “If we insist really on understood the Jesus in the tabernaclereceive Him before worthily. we enter If we aare in thisthe staterule? There areMass, several we would good diereasons. of joy.” The next time pew. of mortal sin and receive the Eucharist, we you go to Mass, recall the words of this saint Our culture emphasizes inclusion, which can ӹ focusing our commitminds and sacrilege, hearts ontreating the a sacred object and try to focus your mind on the awesome be a good thing. But there are times when mystery we areunworthily, about to asencounter. if we don’t care. Sacrilege gift Jesus is offering you. You will fi nd that there are good reasons to exclude certain violates the First Commandment. Confession the more you do this, the more you will ӹ receiving reverently. people. A fi rst-year medical student should Activity 4 restores grace to the soul and purifi es the look forward to the time you give to Jesus ӹ kneeling in prayer when we return to be excluded from operating on patients. This soul for the Eucharist. each week and allow Him to love you in the our pew after receiving until the sacred doesn’t mean fi rst-year medical students are Eucharist. The Eucharistvessels have been Prefi purifi ed; for guredexample, bad people; it just means they don’t belong

A. Have students complete The Eucharist 174 Directions:Verse St. Pair Augustine 3 said, “The New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old Testament is unveiled in the New.” Read each pair of Scripture passages and Then [Moses] took the blood and splashed it on the people, saying, “This is the blood of the explain how each verse helps us understand the other in new ways. covenant which the LORD has made with you according to all these words.” –EXODUS 24:8 Prefigured (page 177) in pairs. You may have 175 He said to them, “This is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed for many.” -MARK 14:24 Verse Pair 1 each pair work on one pair of verses, or have all How does each verse176 help us understand the other in new ways? Then the LORD said to Moses: “I am going to rain down bread from heaven for you.” –EXODUS______16:4 I am the bread of life. Your ancestors ate the manna in the desert, but they died; this is the ______students complete all four. bread that comes down from heaven so that one may eat it and not die. I am the living bread that came______down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my fl esh for the life of the world. –JOHN 6:48–51 ______B. Go over students’ responses as a class. How does each verse help us understand the other in new ways? ______Verse Pair 4 A day of the LORD is coming. …[L]iving water will fl ow out from Jerusalem. ______–ZECHARIAH 14:1, 8 (NIV)

______[O]ne soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water fl owed out. -JOHN 19:34 ______

How does each verse help us understand the other in new ways? Verse Pair 2 ______My cup overfl ows. Indeed, goodness and mercy will pursue me all the days of my life. –PSALM______23:5B-6

This cup______is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you. –LUKE 22:20B

How does______each verse help us understand the other in new ways?

______

177

178 SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Prepare the Online Sophia SketchPad Eucharist video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. Bring index cards. Review the upcoming session.

Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 373 Answer Key 1. True 2. True Eucharist Pre-Assessment 3. False Directions: In the left-hand column mark each statement true or false. Mark them again in the right-hand column at the end of our study of the Eucharist to see if you were 4. True right.

5. True Before beginning At the end of your study your study 6. True True or False? Statement True or False?

7. True ______1. Jesus instituted the Sacrament of the Eucharist at ______the Last Supper.

8. False ______2. Jesus’ teaching on the Bread of Life can be found ______in the letter to the Corinthians.

______3. You must receive the Eucharist at least once ______before you turn 18, and at least once more thereafter.

______4. The Eucharist is the Body and Blood of Jesus ______Christ.

______5. In addition to receiving the Eucharist at Holy ______Mass, we can be with Jesus in Eucharistic Adoration.

______6. The Eucharist is the memorial of Christ’s ______Passover.

______7. The Eucharist unites us more closely to Jesus. ______

______8. The Church offers the Eucharist to those ______who would like to receive it, but it is not truly necessary to the Christian life.

SAMPLE 169

e S Adoration of the Lamb

tory BY MICHIeL COXIe (C. 1557-1559)

th SAMPLE e Euch a rist

Bode-Museum, Berlin. 170 375 Answer Key 1. The scene appears to show various Adoration of the Lamb groups of people

worshipping a Adoration of the Lamb, by Michiel Coxie (c. 1557-1559) lamb.

2. A lamb/Jesus Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss Christ/A chalice. them with your classmates.

3. A dove/the Holy Discussion Questions Spirit. 1. What do you see happening in this painting?

2. What is on the altar? Whom or what does it symbolize? What is catching its blood? 4. One reason could 3. What do you see above the altar? Whom or what does it symbolize? be that lambs 4. Jesus’ cousin John the Baptist said about Jesus, “Behold the Lamb of God who takes away are gentle, pure, the sin of the world.” Why did John call Jesus a lamb?

innocent, and 5. Recall the story of the Exodus, when Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt. What meek. Another did God tell the Israelites to do on the night that the Angel of Death passed through Egypt? reason is that 6. Jesus instituted a New Passover. What would be the sacrifi ce for this New Covenant? Jesus would 7. The angels behind the altar are holding a cross with a crown of leaves, a spear, a scourge and a sponge, a column and a rod. What might be the signifi cance of these things? become the new 8. What did the Israelites do with the Passover lamb? (Hint: See Exodus 12:8.) Paschal lamb and save us from sin by His sacrificial Death on the Cross.

5. On the night that the angel of death passed through Egypt and killed 171 the firstborn of every family, the Israelites were SAMPLE told by God to sacrifice a lamb according to specific instructions as a sign for God to “pass over” their homes and spare their firstborn.

6. Now, instead of a lamb for the sacrifice, Jesus Himself would be the once-and-for-all sacrifice, the Lamb of God that would spare all God’s people from the slavery of sin.

7. They all connect to Christ’s Passion.

8. They were to eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

376 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. The Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity What Is the Eucharist? of Jesus Christ.

2. Because He told Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions that follow. us in very clear he Eucharist is the Body and Blood of we know that He is all powerful and He is the terms. TJesus Christ. It is not just a symbol or a one who tells us that the Holy Eucharist is His sign but His real Body and Blood. The change Body and Blood. of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus is called transubstantiation. What Are Its Fruits? The entire substance of the bread and When we receive Holy Communion, we grow wine changes, although they appear the closer to Christ. The Eucharist helps us avoid same as they did before the change. Validly sin and strengthens our charity. It helps us to ordained priests have the power to invoke see the face of Jesus in the poor. the Holy Spirit and pronounce the words of The Catechism explains, “Participation in the consecration when they act in the person of Holy Sacrifi ce identifi es us with [Jesus’] Heart, Christ through the power of the Sacrament sustains our strength along the pilgrimage of Holy Orders. “By the consecration the of this life, makes us long for eternal life, and transubstantiation of the bread and wine unites us even now to the Church in heaven, into the Body and Blood of Christ is brought the Blessed Virgin Mary, and all the saints” about. Under the consecrated species of (CCC 1419). A pilgrimage is a journey to a new bread and wine Christ himself, living and home or to a sacred place. We are pilgrims on glorious, is present in a true, real, and our journey through earth to Heaven, and the substantial manner: his Body and his Blood, Eucharist is our food along the way. We need with his soul and his divinity” (CCC 1413). the Eucharist for life and strength to fi nish The bread and wine are not symbols of Jesus’ the journey to our true home, otherwise we Body. In fact, Christ could not have used will collapse before we can reach it. clearer, more explicit words than “This is My We will learn much more about the effects body.” He did not say that the Eucharist was of the Eucharist, as well as how we should a “sign” of His Body, or that it “represents” receive it, in the coming days. His Body. We take Jesus at His word because

1. What is the Eucharist? ______

2. How do we know it is the Body and Blood of Jesus?

______SAMPLE172

Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 377 Answer Key 3. Jesus has told us

that the way we 3. The Eucharist helps us to see the face of Jesus in the poor. Why would that be important? treat the poor ______

is the way we ______treat Him. We are 4. What is a pilgrimage? Why does the Catechism refer to our life on earth as a pilgrimage? commanded to ______love God above ______all and to love our neighbor as 5. How does the Eucharist reveal God’s self-giving love? ourselves. ______4. A journey to a new home, or any journey to a religious site for a religion purpose. We are pilgrims in this life because our true home is Heaven.

5. The Sacrament of the Eucharist shows God’s life-giving love because each Holy Mass is a re-presentation of Christ’s sacrifice. 173 He offered Himself for all of humanity. SAMPLE

Directions: Read the essay and discuss the following conversation questions.

How do we receive the you could pray the Anima Christi, a prayer from the 14th century: Body of Christ? You can receive the Eucharist on your tongue Soul of Christ, sanctify me. (the ordinary way), a traditional sign of our Body of Christ, save me. humility before God and an acknowledgment Blood of Christ, inebriate me. that it is Christ who feeds us. You may also Water from the side of Christ, wash me. receive Communion in your hands (the Passion of Christ, strengthen me. optional way). If you do so, you should make O good Jesus, hear me. sure your hands are clean and empty, placing Within Thy wounds hide me. your left hand fl at over your right, and that Suffer me not to be separated from Thee. you put the host in your mouth right away From the malicious enemy defend me. rather than waiting until you return to your In the hour of my death call me. pew. And bid me come unto Thee We should receive — never take — the Eucharist That I may praise Thee with Thy saints in a way that demonstrates the respect and and with Thy angels awe we have for God. Some of the other ways Forever and ever. we do this include: Amen. ӹ fasting for at least one hour before receiving Communion, except for water Who can receive Communion? and medicine. Non-Catholics and Catholics who are ӹ dressing appropriately for Mass as a sign in a state of mortal sin may not receive of respect. Communion. This may cause some to feel ӹ genufl ecting toward the Real Presence of excluded. So why does the Church insist on Jesus in the tabernacle before we enter a this rule? There are several good reasons. pew. Our culture emphasizes inclusion, which can ӹ focusing our mindsSAMPLE and hearts on the be a good thing. But there are times when mystery we are about to encounter. there are good reasons to exclude certain ӹ receiving reverently. people. A fi rst-year medical student should ӹ kneeling in prayer when we return to be excluded from operating on patients. This our pew after receiving until the sacred doesn’t mean fi rst-year medical students are vessels have been purifi ed; for example, bad people; it just means they don’t belong

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Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 379 in an operating room unsupervised. They Why should we receive Communion don’t understand yet how to use the tools of often? a surgeon. In the same way, not believing and Just as we need to eat and drink several times practicing the Catholic Faith does not make a day to maintain our physical strength, so someone a bad person, but it means that we also need to receive the Eucharist to he or she should not receive the Eucharist. feed the soul. The very Body of Christ, the Anyone who isn’t fully initiated into the life Eucharist, strengthens and nourishes the of the Church cannot receive the gifts the Body of Christ — the Church — whose members Eucharist offers. are gathered in the Eucharistic celebration. When we receive the Eucharist, the priest When we eat food, our bodies receive the says, “The Body of Christ,” and we respond, nourishment they need to maintain strength. “Amen,” which means “so be it,” or “I agree.” When we eat the Eucharist, our souls receive For this reason, it would be a lie for non- the nourishment they need to maintain Catholics and others who do not believe the strength. Eucharist is the Lord to receive the Eucharist. Frequent reception of the Eucharist, explains The Catechism and canon law provide for the Catechism, increases charity in our very limited circumstances in which, in case daily life, and that charity allows us to root of “grave necessity,” such as the danger of ourselves in Christ (CCC 1394). Frequent death, Sacraments may be administered to reception of the Eucharist helps us to reach those who ask, “provided that they manifest our spiritual goals and to avoid those things Catholic faith ... and are properly disposed” that lead us to sin. (CIC 844 § 4). Catholics are required to receive Communion Catholics in a state of mortal sin also may at least once a year, but the Church warmly not receive the Eucharist. When we receive invites us to receive it much more often: the Eucharist — the Body and Blood of Jesus every week, even every day! We should Christ — into our souls, our souls should not just think of the Eucharist as just a be ready to give Him a good, pure home. “requirement,” in any case. St. Jean-Marie Our souls should be in the state of grace to Vianney said, “If we really understood the receive Him worthily. If we are in the state Mass, we would die of joy.” The next time of mortal sin and receive the Eucharist, we you go to Mass, recall the words of this saint commit sacrilege, treating a sacred object and try to focus your mind on the awesome unworthily, as if we don’t care. Sacrilege gift Jesus is offering you. You will fi nd that violates the First Commandment. Confession the more you do this, the more you will restores grace to the soul and purifi es the look forward to the time you give to Jesus soul for the Eucharist. SAMPLEeach week and allow Him to love you in the Eucharist.

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380 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Conversation Questions 1. What is the Eucharist? What are some ways we know it is not just a symbol? 2. Did anything in this reading surprise you? 3. Did anything in this reading give you ideas for how you can approach Jesus more reverently each time you go to Mass? 4. Did this reading spark any ideas for things you can do to grow closer to Christ? 5. How does the Eucharist reveal God’s self-giving love?

SAMPLE

176

Students should discuss these questions with their parents.

Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 381 Answer Key Verse Pair 1 Accept reasoned The Eucharist Prefi gured answers illuminating the meaning of the Directions: St. Augustine said, “The New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old word bread. The Testament is unveiled in the New.” Read each pair of Scripture passages and explain how each verse helps us understand the other in new ways. Israelites ate manna, a bread that sustained

them temporarily. Verse Pair 1 Jesus offers us His Then the LORD said to Moses: “I am going to rain down bread from heaven for you.” –EXODUS 16:4 Body for eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your ancestors ate the manna in the desert, but they died; this is the bread that comes down from heaven so that one may eat it and not die. I am the living bread Verse Pair 2 that came down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my fl esh for the life of the world. –JOHN 6:48–51 Accept reasoned answers illuminating How does each verse help us understand the other in new ways? the meaning of the ______word cup. The “cup” ______can be understood as ______life in Christ, in all His ______

goodness and mercy. Verse Pair 2 My cup overfl ows. Indeed, goodness and mercy will pursue me all the days of my life. –PSALM 23:5B-6

This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you. –LUKE 22:20B

How does each verse help us understand the other in new ways?

______

______SAMPLE 177

Accept reasoned Verse Pair 3 answers illuminating Then [Moses] took the blood and splashed it on the people, saying, “This is the blood of the covenant which the LORD has made with you according to all these words.” –EXODUS 24:8 the meaning of the He said to them, “This is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed for many.” words blood and -MARK 14:24 covenant. Students How does each verse help us understand the other in new ways? should recognize that ______

Jesus’ blood takes the ______place of the blood of ______the lamb in the new ______Covenant. This is one reason we call Him Verse Pair 4 A day of the LORD is coming. …[L]iving water will fl ow out from Jerusalem. the Lamb of God. –ZECHARIAH 14:1, 8 (NIV) [O]ne soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water fl owed out. Verse Pair 4 -JOHN 19:34

Accept reasoned How does each verse help us understand the other in new ways? answers illuminating ______the meaning of the ______word water. We will ______never thirst if we seek ______the living waters of Jesus Christ.

SAMPLE178

Session 23: The Story of the Eucharist 383 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ TransubstantiationSAMPLE is when the ӹӹ Do an in-depth study on bread and wine at Mass transform transubstantiation. into the true Body and Blood of ӹӹ Keep track of what they learned Jesus Christ, while retaining the about the Eucharist on the large accidental forms of bread and wine. classroom chart. ӹӹ The scriptural basis, matter, ӹӹ Watch the Sophia SketchPad form, minister, and effects of the Eucharist video. Sacrament of the Eucharist. ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on the Eucharist.

Session 24: Living the Sacrament of the Eucharist 385 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Transubstantiation (page 179) ӹӹ Eucharist Graphic Organizer (page 183) ӹӹ United with God in the Eucharist (page 182)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Sophia SketchPad Eucharist video at SophiaSketchPad.org. ӹӹ Index cards

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Body of Christ: The People of God make up the Body of Christ. A body has many parts, just like the People of God is made up of different people with different gifts and talents. Though we are all different, as the Body of Christ we are one body with Christ as our head. Also refers to the consecrated Communion host we receive in the Eucharist, which is the true Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ. ӹӹ Transubstantiation: SAMPLE

Prayer for this session: O Sacrament most Holy, O Sacrament Divine, All praise and all thanksgiving, Be every moment Thine. Amen

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Explain to students that they are today going to learn about the doctrine of transubstantiation. Assure students that it takes faith to believe this mystery. Retell the story of “doubting” St. Thomas, whom Jesus told, “Have you come to believe because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and have believed” (John 20:29). C. Emphasize that our reason can also help us get closer to understanding this mystery. Draw a simple picture of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on the board. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What is this? ӹӹ What is a peanut butter and jelly sandwich made of? ӹӹ Who or what made the sandwich? ӹӹ What is the sandwich for? EXPLAIN to your students that St. Thomas Aquinas (a brilliant theologian who lived in the 11th century and believed that what we know by faith and what we know by the power of human reason are compatible and complementary) and many ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, believed that you could fully explain something, even if you could not penetrate the mystery, by answering four basic questions about that thing. D. Write the following four questions on the board: ӹӹ What is it? ӹӹ What is it made of? SAMPLE ӹӹ Who or what made it or caused it to happen? ӹӹ What is it for? E. Explain that these four questions are known as the “four causes” and that if you can answer each question successfully and satisfactorily then you have fully explained the thing you’re trying to explain. Now go through the same exercise with the following items (and add your own based on student interest): 1. A table 2. A chair 3. The Statue of Liberty

Session 24: Living the Sacrament of the Eucharist 387 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

Transubstantiation A. Have students turn to Transubstantiation is a part of something,Directions: it does notRead make the that essay andand answer the root the questions.word substance . In other words, something what it is. Color, for example, only transubstantiation is a “change of substance.” makes a chair red, or blue, or green. It does t Mass, when the priest says theIn the words Eucharist, of the substantial forms of not make a chair a chair, or something else (page 179) and complete the worksheet. consecration, “This is my bodythe which bread will and wine are transformed into the 4. Whatinstead. happens You if you can change Aeven change the substantial the accidents form ofof something? be given up for you … this is the cupsubstantial of my form of Christ’s Body and Blood, a thing, and it will still be that thing. You can ______blood …,” the bread and wine literallySoul become and Divinity. That means, the essential paint a red chair blue, or replace a wooden the Body and Blood of our Lord, Jesuscharacteristics Christ. of bread and wine are changed ______chair’s legs with plastic, and it still remains a This is a diffi cult teaching to understand.into the essential The characteristics of the Body B. Review and discuss the answers to the chair. 5. What is an accidental Eucharistform? Give still an looksexample. like bread andand wine Blood and of Jesus. The now-consecrated hosts, What does any ofwhen this havewe receive to do withit, it thestill tastes likehowever, bread keep the accidents of bread and wine. ______Eucharist? On oneand hand, wine. it Butis enough it is truly just no to longer Inbread other and words, the look, smell, taste, size, know that by thewine. power It ofhas the become Holy Spirit, Jesus’ Body andshape, Blood, and so forth of bread and wine remain. questions as a class. Help students to ______Jesus’ Body and Blood,Soul and Soul Divinity. and Divinity How does this happen?This is why at Mass the bread still looks and 6. Whatbecome happens truly if you present change under an accidental the appearances form of something?tastes like bread. But, hidden beneath those We can think about what is necessary for of bread and wine. On the other hand, we can nonessential characteristics of bread and wine ______something to be what it is and not something understand that in the Eucharist the bread describe what happens at Mass during the is Jesus’ Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity. else. For example, what makes a chair a ______Consecration using the ideas we just learned: chair rather than a table? A chair hasThe certainEucharist is 100 percent Jesus Christ, in substantial forms and accidents. necessary characteristics that makesubstance. it a chair. It is not just a symbol or an idea. 7. What are the two root words of the word “transubstantiation” and what does it mean? At Mass, the changeIt is ofdesigned bread and to be wine sat on and to giveWe trulysupport. receive Jesus when we receive the and wine are no longer in substance bread and ______into the Real PresenceIt does of not Jesus possess is called the characteristicsEucharist, to be just as He told us that He would “transubstantiation.” a table. If you These look necessary closely at characteristics the give us are His Flesh to eat and His Blood to drink ______word transubstantiation,called “substantial it is made forms.”of two The substantialas true food for the nourishment of our souls. wine, but actually become the Body and Blood 8. How doesparts: the the word prefi “transubstantiation”xform trans ,of which a chair means is its help change,“chair-ness.” explain what In other happens in the Eucharist? words, the substantial form of a chair is what ______is necessary for a chair to be a chair and not a 1. What are the words the priest says at Mass at the Eucharist called? Holy Mass: Heaven, Earth, Purgatory. ______table, or a banana, or something else entirely. of Jesus Christ, while retaining the accidental ______Normally, you cannot change the substantial For example, what a chair is made of does ______form of something without changing that not make it a chair. A chair can be made of thing into something else completely. If you ______2. What happens to the bread and wine when the priest speaks thesewood, words? or metal, or plastic, or many other change the substantial form of a chair, it forms of bread and wine, such as the look, types of material. A chair is also not a chair ______would no longer be a chair. You could take because of its color. A chair could be colored it apart and use the wood and nails to make ______red, or blue, or green. What a chair is made something else. Then it would become a table, Reﬂ ection Question of or what color it is doesn’t make a chair or a stool, or something else entirely. taste, and smell of bread and wine. 3. What is a substantial form? Describe the substantial form of a whatchair. it is. These sorts of characteristics are Why is the Eucharist not just a symbol or an idea? We can also think about the characteristics called “accidents.” The word “accident” simply ______of something that do NOT make it what it is. means that even though the characteristic ______

______179

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______180 Activity 2

181 A. Ask students volunteers to share with the class about a time when they felt especially close to someone they love. B. Explain that there is a very special kind of closeness that can be described as “united.” Ask what it means to be united with someone. Offer a few examples: ӹӹ A husband and wife are united in marriage. ӹӹ A mother or father and their child. Even if all the members of a family don’t live together, they will always be parent/child. ӹӹ Siblings are united through their parents. SAMPLEC. What is the connection between the Eucharist and being united with God? When we receive this Sacrament, we are taking into ourselves the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. He is united with us, and we are united with Him. All Christians are united with each other. When we eat the Body of Christ, we become the Body of Christ: united with Him and with each other.

D. Write on the board the Scripture verse John 15:5

and ask students to connect it to what you just United with God in the Eucharist discussed: Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions. hen we receive this Sacrament, we the main effect of receiving the Eucharist W are taking into ourselves the Body is that it unites us to Christ. Our whole I am the vine, you are the branches. Whoever and Blood of Jesus Christ. He is united with Christian life is rooted in this unity with Jesus. us, and we are united with Him. Because Jesus is all good, and so to be united with of this unity with Christ, all Christians are Him, we must also be pure. Therefore, it united with each other: we eat the Body of makes sense that another primary effect of remains in me and I in him will bear much fruit, Christ, and become the Body of Christ, united receiving the Eucharist is that it separates with Him and with each other. Remember, us from sin and purifi es us. The Eucharist too, that the Church includes the souls in forgives our past venial sins and helps to because without me you can do nothing. purgatory as well as the saints in Heaven. preserve us from future sin. Jesus tells us that The Church offers the Eucharist as a sacrifi ce His blood “will be shed on behalf of many for for the forgiveness of sins committed by the the forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:28). We living and the dead. should not, however, receive the Eucharist E. Have students read United with God in the Holy Communion strengthens and solidifi es in a state of mortal sin. We should prepare our union with Christ. Jesus said: “Whoever our hearts and souls to receive the Eucharist eats my fl esh and drinks my blood remains in worthily, and that means being free from any me and I in him. Just as the living Father sent serious sin. In Confession, Jesus forgives our Eucharist (page 182) and answer the questions. me and I have life because of the Father, so mortal sins and points our souls once again also the one who feeds on me will have life toward Heaven. because of me” (John 6:56-57). In other words,

1. Explain the two primary effects of the Eucharist. F. Go over the answers to the questions as a class. ______2. Jesus said, “I am the vine, you are the branches. Whoever remains in me and I in him will bear much fruit, because without me you can do nothing (John 15:5).” Does this Scripture verse remind you of the Eucharist in any way? Explain. ______

______

3. Now that you have learned more about this Sacrament, how does it help you to become more like your Heavenly Father? Activity 3 ______

______

A. Have students turn to Eucharist Graphic Eucharist Graphic Organizer 182

Organizer (page 183) and use their Directions:Eucharist Use information Quotes fromfrom this the guide Catechism and the following of the quotesCatholic from Church the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete 1-5 on this chart. Share your personal refl ections A. “This is my body which will be given up for you … this is the cup of my blood … [Luke 22:19- for 6-7. 20] ” (1412) worksheets and the given quotations from the B. “As bodily nourishment restores lost strength, so the Eucharist strengthens our charity” (1394) 1 What is the scriptural basis of this C.Sacrament? “The Church warmly recommends that the faithful receive Holy Communion when they Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete participate in the celebration of the Eucharist; she obliges them to do so at least once a year.” (1417)

D. “For you hear the words, ‘the Body of Christ’ and respond ‘Amen.’ Be then a member of the 2 What are the things used or Body of Christ that your Amen may be true.” (1396) Eucharist Graphic Organizer. done when this Sacrament is receivedE. “Preserves, (matter)? increases, and renews the life of grace received at Baptism.” (1392)

F. “The essential signs of the Eucharistic sacrament are wheat bread and grape wine.” (1412)

3 WhatG. are“Anyone the words who spoken desires to receive Christ in Eucharistic communion must be in the state of B. Lead the class in filling in your larger classroom with thisgrace.” Sacrament (1415) (form)? H. “Holy Communion separates us from sin.” (1393)

I. “The blessing of the Holy Spirit is invoked and the priest pronounces the words of 4 What are the effects of this consecration spoken by Jesus during the Last Supper.” (1412) version of the chart to review the answers to Sacrament? J. “Communion renews, strengthens, and deepens this incorporation into the Church, already achieved by Baptism.” (1396)

5 WhoK. is the“Anyone ordinary aware minister of having sinned mortally must not receive communion without having Eucharist Graphic Organizer. received absolution in the sacrament of penance.” (1415) of this Sacrament? L. “The Eucharist preserves us from future mortal sins.” (1395)

M. “Only validly ordained priests can preside at the Eucharist and consecrate the bread and 6 How doesthe this wine Sacrament so that they become the Body and Blood of the Lord.” (1411) reveal God’s life-giving love? N. “The Eucharist commits us to the poor.” (1397)

O. “Those who receive the Eucharist are united more closely to Christ.” (1396)

7 HowP. does “This this living Sacrament charity help wipes away venial sins.” (1394) you to become more like your Q. “The Breaking of Bread, because Jesus used this rite, part of a Jewish meal, when as master Heavenly Father? Activity 4 of the table he blessed and distributed the bread, above all at the Last Supper.” (1329) R. “At the heart of the Eucharistic celebration are the bread and wine that, by the words of Christ and the invocation of the Holy Spirit, become Christ’s Body and Blood.” (1333) Show students the Sophia SketchPad Eucharist 183 Video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. 184

Activity 5 SAMPLE A. Distribute index cards and give students all but five minutes of the remaining class time to work on their Jeopardy questions for the Sacrament of Confirmation. Remind students to initial their cards so you can keep track of their understanding. B. When five minutes remain, have students return to the Eucharist Pre-Assessment (page 169) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right-hand column. C. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. D. Close with a class discussion asking what new things students have learned about the Eucharist, and answering any lingering questions they might have.

Session 24: Living the Sacrament of the Eucharist 389 LESSON PLAN

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE

Directions: Read the essay and answer the questions.

t Mass, when the priest says the words of A consecration, “This is my body which will be given up for you … this is the cup of my blood …,” the bread and wine literally become the Body and Blood of our Lord, Jesus Christ. This is a diffi cult teaching to understand. The Eucharist still looks like bread and wine and when we receive it, it still tastes like bread and wine. But it is truly no longer bread and wine. It has become Jesus’ Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity. How does this happen?

We can think about what is necessary for something to be what it is and not something else. For example, what makes a chair a chair rather than a table? A chair has certain necessary characteristics that make it a chair. It is designed to be sat on and to give support. It does not possess the characteristics to be a table. These necessary characteristics are called “substantial forms.” The substantial form of a chair is its “chair-ness.” In other words, the substantial form of a chair is what is necessary for a chair to be a chair and not a Holy Mass: Heaven, Earth, Purgatory. table, or a banana, or something else entirely. Normally, you cannot change the substantial For example, what a chair is made of does form of something without changing that not make it a chair. A chair can be made of thing into something else completely. If you wood, or metal, or plastic, or many other change the substantial form of a chair, it types of material. A chair is also not a chair would no longer beSAMPLE a chair. You could take because of its color. A chair could be colored it apart and use the wood and nails to make red, or blue, or green. What a chair is made something else. Then it would become a table, of or what color it is doesn’t make a chair or a stool, or something else entirely. what it is. These sorts of characteristics are We can also think about the characteristics called “accidents.” The word “accident” simply of something that do NOT make it what it is. means that even though the characteristic

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Session 24: Living the Sacrament of the Eucharist 391 Answer Key 1. The words of

Consecration. is a part of something, it does not make that and the root word substance. In other words, something what it is. Color, for example, only transubstantiation is a “change of substance.” makes a chair red, or blue, or green. It does 2. The bread and In the Eucharist, the substantial forms of not make a chair a chair, or something else the bread and wine are transformed into the wine literally instead. You can even change the accidents of substantial form of Christ’s Body and Blood, a thing, and it will still be that thing. You can become the Body Soul and Divinity. That means, the essential paint a red chair blue, or replace a wooden characteristics of bread and wine are changed chair’s legs with plastic, and it still remains a and Blood of our into the essential characteristics of the Body chair. Lord Jesus Christ. and Blood of Jesus. The now-consecrated hosts, What does any of this have to do with the however, keep the accidents of bread and wine. Eucharist? On one hand, it is enough just to In other words, the look, smell, taste, size, 3. The necessary know that by the power of the Holy Spirit, shape, and so forth of bread and wine remain. Jesus’ Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity This is why at Mass the bread still looks and qualities for become truly present under the appearances tastes like bread. But, hidden beneath those something to be of bread and wine. On the other hand, we can nonessential characteristics of bread and wine describe what happens at Mass during the is Jesus’ Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity. Consecration using the ideas we just learned: what it is. The The Eucharist is 100 percent Jesus Christ, in substantial forms and accidents. “chair-ness” of a substance. It is not just a symbol or an idea. At Mass, the change of bread and wine We truly receive Jesus when we receive the chair. into the Real Presence of Jesus is called Eucharist, just as He told us that He would “transubstantiation.” If you look closely at the give us His Flesh to eat and His Blood to drink word transubstantiation, it is made of two as true food for the nourishment of our souls. parts: the prefi x trans, which means change,

1. What are the words the priest says at Mass at the Eucharist called?

______

2. What happens to the bread and wine when the priest speaks these words?

______

3. What is a substantial form? Describe the substantial form of a chair.

______

______180SAMPLE

something else 4. What happens if you change the substantial form of something? completely. ______

______5. Qualities of 5. What is an accidental form? Give an example. something that, ______although they ______might be a part of 6. What happens if you change an accidental form of something?

that thing, do not ______

make that thing ______

what it is. The 7. What are the two root words of the word “transubstantiation” and what does it mean? color of a chair, or ______the material it is ______made of. 8. How does the word “transubstantiation” help explain what happens in the Eucharist? ______

6. The things ______

remains what it ______

is. Painting a blue ______chair red does not change the chair Reﬂ ection Question into something Why is the Eucharist not just a symbol or an idea? else. ______

7. Transformation ______and substance. A ______transformation of ______substance. ______

8. In the Eucharist, the substantial 181 forms of the bread and wine are transformed SAMPLE into the substantial form of Christ’s Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity. The bread and wine are literally no longer bread and wine. They do, however, keep the accidental forms of bread and wine.

Reflection Question: Because we truly receive Jesus when we receive the Eucharist, just as He told us that He would give us His flesh to eat and His blood to drink as true food for the nourishment of our souls.

Session 24: Living the Sacrament of the Eucharist 393 Answer Key 1. We become more united with United with God in the Eucharist Christ, and we are

separated from Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions. sin: our venial sins hen we receive this Sacrament, we the main effect of receiving the Eucharist are forgiven, and W are taking into ourselves the Body is that it unites us to Christ. Our whole and Blood of Jesus Christ. He is united with Christian life is rooted in this unity with Jesus. we are protected us, and we are united with Him. Because Jesus is all good, and so to be united with from future sin. of this unity with Christ, all Christians are Him, we must also be pure. Therefore, it united with each other: we eat the Body of makes sense that another primary effect of Christ, and become the Body of Christ, united receiving the Eucharist is that it separates 2. When we receive with Him and with each other. Remember, us from sin and purifi es us. The Eucharist too, that the Church includes the souls in Communion, we forgives our past venial sins and helps to purgatory as well as the saints in Heaven. preserve us from future sin. Jesus tells us that allow Jesus to The Church offers the Eucharist as a sacrifi ce His blood “will be shed on behalf of many for for the forgiveness of sins committed by the the forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:28). We remain in us in a living and the dead. should not, however, receive the Eucharist Holy Communion strengthens and solidifi es in a state of mortal sin. We should prepare very special way. our union with Christ. Jesus said: “Whoever our hearts and souls to receive the Eucharist We remain in Him eats my fl esh and drinks my blood remains in worthily, and that means being free from any me and I in him. Just as the living Father sent serious sin. In Confession, Jesus forgives our by participating me and I have life because of the Father, so mortal sins and points our souls once again also the one who feeds on me will have life toward Heaven. in the Mass and because of me” (John 6:56-57). In other words,

then going forth 1. Explain the two primary effects of the Eucharist. and living out ______

the effects of His 2. Jesus said, “I am the vine, you are the branches. Whoever remains in me and I in him will bear much fruit, because without me you can do nothing (John 15:5).” Does this Scripture grace in our daily verse remind you of the Eucharist in any way? Explain. lives. ______3. Through the 3. Now that you have learned more about this Sacrament, how does it help you to become forgiveness of more like your Heavenly Father? ______sin and greater ______unity with Christ, ______we become ever more like Him: 182 forgiving, pure, and full of charity. SAMPLE

394 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. The Last Supper. See Luke 22:19-20. Eucharist Graphic Organizer 2. Wheat bread

and grape wine Directions: Use information from this guide and the following quotes from the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete 1-5 on this chart. Share your personal refl ections become the Body for 6-7. and Blood of Jesus Christ. 1 What is the scriptural basis of this Sacrament? 3. The priest asks the Holy Spirit’s 2 What are the things used or blessing, and done when this Sacrament is speaks the words received (matter)? of consecration 3 What are the words spoken that Jesus spoke with this Sacrament (form)? at the Last

Supper. 4 What are the effects of this Sacrament? 4. Closer unity with Christ, 5 Who is the ordinary minister forgiveness of this Sacrament? of venial sin

and protection 6 How does this Sacrament from future sin, reveal God’s life-giving love? renewal of our incorporation into 7 How does this Sacrament help you to become more like your the Church (which Heavenly Father? began at Baptism), deepening of 183 baptismal grace, being committed to the poor. SAMPLE 5. A priest.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 24: Living the Sacrament of the Eucharist 395 Eucharist Quotes from the Catechism of the Catholic Church A. “This is my body which will be given up for you … this is the cup of my blood … [Luke 22:19- 20] ” (1412)

B. “As bodily nourishment restores lost strength, so the Eucharist strengthens our charity” (1394)

C. “The Church warmly recommends that the faithful receive Holy Communion when they participate in the celebration of the Eucharist; she obliges them to do so at least once a year.” (1417)

D. “For you hear the words, ‘the Body of Christ’ and respond ‘Amen.’ Be then a member of the Body of Christ that your Amen may be true.” (1396)

E. “Preserves, increases, and renews the life of grace received at Baptism.” (1392)

F. “The essential signs of the Eucharistic sacrament are wheat bread and grape wine.” (1412)

G. “Anyone who desires to receive Christ in Eucharistic communion must be in the state of grace.” (1415)

H. “Holy Communion separates us from sin.” (1393)

I. “The blessing of the Holy Spirit is invoked and the priest pronounces the words of consecration spoken by Jesus during the Last Supper.” (1412)

J. “Communion renews, strengthens, and deepens this incorporation into the Church, already achieved by Baptism.” (1396)

K. “Anyone aware of having sinned mortally must not receive communion without having received absolution in the sacrament of penance.” (1415)

L. “The Eucharist preserves us from future mortal sins.” (1395)

M. “Only validly ordained priests can preside at the Eucharist and consecrate the bread and the wine so that they become the Body and Blood of the Lord.” (1411)

N. “The Eucharist commits us to the poor.” (1397)

O. “Those who receive the Eucharist are united more closely to Christ.” (1396)

P. “This living charity wipes away venial sins.” (1394) Q. “The Breaking of Bread,SAMPLE because Jesus used this rite, part of a Jewish meal, when as master of the table he blessed and distributed the bread, above all at the Last Supper.” (1329)

R. “At the heart of the Eucharistic celebration are the bread and wine that, by the words of Christ and the invocation of the Holy Spirit, become Christ’s Body and Blood.” (1333)

184

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Jesus gave the Apostles, the first ӹӹ Test their knowledge of the bishops, the powerSAMPLE to forgive or Sacrament of Penance and retain sins. Reconciliation. ӹӹ Penance and Reconciliation is the ӹӹ Look at sacred art. Sacrament by which our sins are ӹӹ Draw a picture illustrating how Jesus forgiven and we are reconciled forgives us through Penance and to God and His Church through Reconciliation. the confession of sins and acts of ӹӹ Read Scripture on God’s mercy. penance. We are also strengthened by the Sacrament to avoid sin in the future.

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 397 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Penance and Reconciliation Pre- ӹӹ The Story of Penance and Reconciliation Assessment (page 185) (page 188) ӹӹ The Return of the Prodigal Son (page ӹӹ Why Confess to a Priest? (page 191) 186) ӹӹ God’s Mercy Revealed in the Old Testament (page 192)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Contrition ӹӹ Conversion ӹӹ Word: Definition (copy from student book unit overview) SAMPLE Prayer for this session: O my God, I love You above all things, with my whole heart and soul, because You are all good and worthy of all my love. I love my neighbor as myself for the love of You. I forgive all who have injured me, and I ask pardon of all whom I have injured. Amen.

Warm-Up Penance and Reconciliation Pre-Assessment A. Begin with the prayer for this session. Directions: In the left-hand column mark each statement true or false. Mark them again in the right column at the end of our study of Penance and Reconciliation to see if you were right. B. Have students turn to Penance and Reconciliation Before beginning At the end of your study your study

Pre-Assessment (page 185). Students should fill True or False? Statement True or False? ______1. The Old Testament shows us a vengeful God; only ______in the left column only and answer true or false for in the New Testament is God’s mercy revealed. ______2. Catholics do not believe you can confess your ______sins to God directly.

each statement. Let them know that it is all right for ______3. The Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation ______forgives sin and reconciles us to God and the them not to know the answers to these questions Church. ______4. Jesus gave the Apostles the sacred power to ______forgive sins. yet as you will be going over this information in ______5. In Confession you should confess venial and ______mortal sins.

______6. Penance allows us to participate in Christ’s ______class. Students will fill in the right-hand column as suffering in a small way.

______7. If you commit a mortal sin but you feel guilty ______about it for a long time, you do not need to go to a post-assessment in the next session to see if their Confession since your guilt was penance enough.

______8. The Church offers Penance and Reconciliation ______knowledge has improved. to those who would like to receive it, but it is not truly necessary to the Christian life. C. Have students turn to The Return of the The Return of the Prodigal Son Prodigal Son (page 186). Give them a few BY ReMBRaNDT vaN RIJN (C. 1661-1669) 185 moments to reflect on the artwork quietly. The Return of the Prodigal Son The Return of the Prodigal Son, by Rembrandt van Rijn (C. 1661-1669)

D. Read aloud, or have a student volunteer read Directions: Refl ect on the painting and read the parable in Luke 15:11-32. Then answer the questions that follow. aloud, the Parable of the Prodigal Son in Luke Conversation Questions 1. The Rembrandt painting illustrates the Parable of the Lost Son. What is your response to the painting? What is your favorite part? 15:11-32. 2. How does it make you feel? What qualities of the painting do you think cause those feelings? 3. Do you think Rembrandt captured the essence of the parable? Why or why not?

4. At what point in the story do you think the younger son experienced conversion? E. Then discuss the Conversation Questions 5. What does the father’s response in the story tell us about how our Father in Heaven responds when we experience conversion and return to Him? as a large group. Lead students to the conclusion that the parable teaches us about unconditional, self-giving love. When we go to Confession, we are like the younger son who SAMPLEHermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. goes to the father and asks for forgiveness. 186

God the Father completely forgives us and is 187 overjoyed when we come home.

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 399 LESSON PLAN

The Story of Penance and Reconciliation Activity 1

another person.Directions: Jesus alreadyRead thetook essay away and our answer lead the usquestions. to think that God fi nds it equally sins when He suffered and died on the Cross challenging to forgive us. But it is not. Jesus for us. When we do penance, His sacrifi ce gets is the Word of God, and God is love (1 John od deeply desires a relationship with be on earth forever either, so they gave this A. Have students read The Story of Penance and worked into our soul. We are joining in Christ’s 4:8). When He says, “I love you,” we are healed, each one of us. From Abraham to Moses same power to their successors and to priests 4. In addition tosuffering the principleG in a small effects way of to forgiveness make amends of sins for and reconciliationtransformed, with and Godenriched, and and we can say, to David to the prophets and fi nally to the so that all people from that day to ours can the Church, whatour sins are and other become benefi His ts disciplesof Confession? once more. with Mary: “The Mighty One has done great sending of His Son to die for us, Salvation experience God’s forgiveness. More than two things for me” (Luke 1:49). ______Going frequentlyHistory clearlyto Confession shows that helps God form loves us and thousand years have gone by, and the Apostles’ Reconciliation (page 188) and complete the a strongerwants conscience. us to be When with Him. we have Jesus’ entire missionIndeed, wesuccessors must remember and priests that continue God already to exercise ______experiencedis based forgiveness, on reconciling it also becomesus with the Father.knows whatthe ourministry sins are. of Reconciliation. He loves us anyway. Every week in ______easier to forgive others. Experiencing mercy Jesus toldyour us that own He parish, came Christ not for continues the His work helps us show mercy. This truth helps us righteous,through but for yoursinners priest (Luke as he5:32). hears He confessions also The institution of the Sacrament of and forgives sins in the person of Christ. worksheet. live up to the ideals of Christian life in the said, “[T]here will be more joy in heaven over Beatitudes.Penance Jesus calls and us to Reconciliation be forgiving, as one sinner who repents than over ninety- Reﬂ ectionHe Question is: “BlessedTo help are us the be merciful,reconciled for to they the Father,will Christnine righteous people who have no need of Why do we need Confession? Why do you bethink shown theinstituted Sacramentmercy” (Matthew ways of Penance to access5:7). and His Reconciliation mercy wheneverrepentance” is sometimes (Luke called 15:7). the we are in need of it. In the Gospel of John, we Confession is necessary because we need to Sacrament of Conversion? With your consent and cooperation, Jesus learn that He entrusted this ministry to the be brought back to God when we sin. Despite Love and forgiveness gives you the great gift of His love and mercy. B. Go over the answers to the questions as a class. ______Apostles. Jesus gave St. Peter, the fi rst Pope, our baptisms, and despite our best intentions, All He requires is that you desire this as well! You may havethe authority experienced to make the diffi decisions culty thatof would we have an inclination to sin. Throughout ______Through His bishops and priests, Jesus waits forgiving besomeone binding who on earthhas betrayed as well asyou. in Heaven. our lives, we will have to resist this tendency. for you in the confessional. This sense that forgiveness is diffi cult might Turning away from sin and toward God ______The Catechism teaches us that “the words bind and loose mean: whomever you exclude and the holiness He calls us to is a lifelong ______from your communion, will be excluded struggle of conversion. Confession fi rst 1. Our sinsfrom are communion washed away with in God;Baptism. whomever Why do you we need Confession?involves feeling contrition — sorrow for sins ______and the resolve not to sin again. Although it ______receive anew into your communion, God will ______welcome back into his. Reconciliation with may sound contrary to common sense, “bad” ______the Church is inseparable from reconciliation feelings such as sorrow and shame about bad ______with God” (CCC 1445). things we have done are signs of God’s grace. 2. Jesus told St. Peter: “I will give you the keys to the kingdomThose of feelingsheaven. ofWhatever contrition, you or even attrition Activity 2 When the resurrected Christ fi rst appeared bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you(fear loose of punishment), on earth shall inspire be loosed us to seek out to the disciples, He said to them: “‘Peace be in heaven” (Matthew 16:19). Can you make any connectionGod’s between mercy this in theverse Sacrament and the of Confession. with you. As the Father has sent me, so I send Sacrament Why of Penance Confess and Reconciliation? to a WhenPriest? we confess our sins to a priest, we you.’ And when he had said this, he breathed are making a choice to turn back to God and ______on them and said to them, ‘Receive the holy ask for His forgiveness. In the person of the Spirit. Whose sins you forgive are forgiven ______Directions: Read the information, andpriest, then Christ sketch forgives a scene our sins. that shows the way Jesus forgives them, and whose sins you retain are retained’” A. Have students turn to Why Confess to a Priest? us and reconciles us to the Him and the Church in the Sacrament of Penance and (John 20:21-23). But the Apostles wouldn’t The priest then assigns us a penance — usually 3. What is the purpose of penance?Reconciliation. to say a prayer or to do something kind for ______any ask why we must confess our sins to way we foster a true and human friendship (page 191) and go over the information. 188 ______Ma priest instead of going to God directly. with Jesus Christ. When you go to Confession, you are going to Penance and Reconciliation, one of the God directly. Jesus gave priests many spiritual two Sacraments of Healing, helps restore powers — the power to baptize, to turn bread 189 our souls to a state of grace. Penance and B. Mak e markers and/or colored pencils available, and wine into His Body and Blood, and to Reconciliation is also called the Sacrament forgive sins. of Confession, the Sacrament of Penance 190 We call these the Sacraments. They are not and Reconciliation, and the Sacrament of and have students sketch a scene that only spiritual encounters with God — they are Conversion (CCC 1423–1424). This Sacrament physical encounters with Him. Just as you can is for anyone who has ever freely chosen to taste the Eucharist or feel water in Baptism, sin and therefore freely chosen to separate you can hear the priest tell you that you are themselves from God and the Church. communicates the way Jesus forgives us and forgiven. God isn’t just in Heaven; He is here Through Penance and Reconciliation, Jesus with us acting in the world. Confession is one joyfully welcomes us back if we only ask for His mercy. reconciles us to Him and the Church in the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation. Have student volunteers share their drawing with the class.

191 SAMPLE

Activity 3

A. Remind students of the St. Augustine quote about the Old and New Testaments from a previous session on the Eucharist: “The New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old Testament is unveiled in the New.” B. Ask a student to summarize the scriptural bases of Confession in the New Testament. Jesus gave St. Peter the authority to make decisions for the Church that would be binding on earth and in Heaven; He gave the Apostles (the first bishops) the power to forgive or retain sins. C. Ask if anyone can think of any clues to God’s mercy and/or Confession in the Old Testament. Accept reasoned answers. D. Using their Bibles, have students complete God’s Mercy Revealed in the Old Testament

God’s Mercy Revealed in the Old Testament Directions: Look up and read the given Scripture passages in your Bible. Then complete the chart. (page 192). How would you put How does this verse connect this verse in your How does this verse to the Sacrament of Penance E. Go over student answers as a class. own words? reveal God’s mercy? and Reconciliation? 1 Isaiah 43:25:

2 Isaiah 1:18:

3 Psalms 51:19:

4 Proverbs 28:13:

192 SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring markers and/or colored pencils. Prepare the Online Sophia SketchPad Confession video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. Review the upcoming session.

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 401 Answer Key 1. False 2. False Penance and Reconciliation Pre-Assessment 3. True Directions: In the left-hand column mark each statement true or false. Mark them again in the right column at the end of our study of Penance and Reconciliation to see if 4. True you were right.

5. True Before beginning At the end of your study your study 6. True True or False? Statement True or False?

7. False ______1. The Old Testament shows us a vengeful God; only ______in the New Testament is God’s mercy revealed.

8. False ______2. Catholics do not believe you can confess your ______sins to God directly.

______3. The Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation ______forgives sin and reconciles us to God and the Church.

______4. Jesus gave the Apostles the sacred power to ______forgive sins.

______5. In Confession you should confess venial and ______mortal sins.

______6. Penance allows us to participate in Christ’s ______suffering in a small way.

______7. If you commit a mortal sin but you feel guilty ______about it for a long time, you do not need to go to Confession since your guilt was penance enough.

______8. The Church offers Penance and Reconciliation ______to those who would like to receive it, but it is not truly necessary to the Christian life.

SAMPLE 185

SAMPLE

Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.

186

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 403 Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers. The Return of the Prodigal Son 2. Accept reasoned answers. The Return of the Prodigal Son, by Rembrandt van Rijn (C. 1661-1669)

3. When he is Directions: Refl ect on the painting and read the parable in Luke 15:11-32. Then answer the hungry and questions that follow. wishes he were Conversation Questions like one of the 1. The Rembrandt painting illustrates the Parable of the Lost Son. What is your response to pigs he is tending, the painting? What is your favorite part? being fed out of 2. How does it make you feel? What qualities of the painting do you think cause those feelings?

pods. He feels 3. Do you think Rembrandt captured the essence of the parable? Why or why not?

unworthy to be 4. At what point in the story do you think the younger son experienced conversion?

called his father’s 5. What does the father’s response in the story tell us about how our Father in Heaven son, so returns responds when we experience conversion and return to Him? hoping to be treated as a hired worker.

4. The parable teaches us about unconditional, self-giving love. When we go to Confession, we are like the younger son, who goes to the 187 father and asks for forgiveness. God the Father SAMPLE completely forgives us and is overjoyed when we come home.

Directions: Read the essay and answer the questions.

od deeply desires a relationship with be on earth forever either, so they gave this Geach one of us. From Abraham to Moses same power to their successors and to priests to David to the prophets and fi nally to the so that all people from that day to ours can sending of His Son to die for us, Salvation experience God’s forgiveness. More than two History clearly shows that God loves us and thousand years have gone by, and the Apostles’ wants us to be with Him. Jesus’ entire mission successors and priests continue to exercise is based on reconciling us with the Father. the ministry of Reconciliation. Every week in your own parish, Christ continues His work through your priest as he hears confessions The institution of the Sacrament of and forgives sins in the person of Christ. Penance and Reconciliation To help us be reconciled to the Father, Christ Why do we need Confession? instituted ways to access His mercy whenever we are in need of it. In the Gospel of John, we Confession is necessary because we need to learn that He entrusted this ministry to the be brought back to God when we sin. Despite Apostles. Jesus gave St. Peter, the fi rst Pope, our baptisms, and despite our best intentions, the authority to make decisions that would we have an inclination to sin. Throughout be binding on earth as well as in Heaven. our lives, we will have to resist this tendency. The Catechism teaches us that “the words Turning away from sin and toward God bind and loose mean: whomever you exclude and the holiness He calls us to is a lifelong from your communion, will be excluded struggle of conversion. Confession fi rst from communion with God; whomever you involves feeling contrition — sorrow for sins receive anew into your communion, God will and the resolve not to sin again. Although it welcome back into his. Reconciliation with may sound contrary to common sense, “bad” the Church is inseparable from reconciliation feelings such as sorrow and shame about bad with God” (CCC 1445). things we have done are signs of God’s grace. Those feelings of contrition, or even attrition When the resurrected Christ fi rst appeared (fear of punishment), inspire us to seek out to the disciples, He said to them: “‘Peace be God’s mercy in the Sacrament of Confession. with you. As the FatherSAMPLE has sent me, so I send When we confess our sins to a priest, we you.’ And when he had said this, he breathed are making a choice to turn back to God and on them and said to them, ‘Receive the holy ask for His forgiveness. In the person of the Spirit. Whose sins you forgive are forgiven priest, Christ forgives our sins. them, and whose sins you retain are retained’” (John 20:21-23). But the Apostles wouldn’t The priest then assigns us a penance — usually to say a prayer or to do something kind for

188

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 405 Answer Key 1. Because we tend

to sin despite our another person. Jesus already took away our lead us to think that God fi nds it equally best intentions. sins when He suffered and died on the Cross challenging to forgive us. But it is not. Jesus for us. When we do penance, His sacrifi ce gets is the Word of God, and God is love (1 John worked into our soul. We are joining in Christ’s 4:8). When He says, “I love you,” we are healed, 2. Jesus gave suffering in a small way to make amends for transformed, and enriched, and we can say, St. Peter, the our sins and become His disciples once more. with Mary: “The Mighty One has done great things for me” (Luke 1:49). Going frequently to Confession helps form first Pope, the a stronger conscience. When we have Indeed, we must remember that God already authority to make experienced forgiveness, it also becomes knows what our sins are. He loves us anyway. easier to forgive others. Experiencing mercy Jesus told us that He came not for the decisions that helps us show mercy. This truth helps us righteous, but for sinners (Luke 5:32). He also live up to the ideals of Christian life in the said, “[T]here will be more joy in heaven over would be binding Beatitudes. Jesus calls us to be forgiving, as one sinner who repents than over ninety- He is: “Blessed are the merciful, for they will nine righteous people who have no need of on earth as well be shown mercy” (Matthew 5:7). repentance” (Luke 15:7).

as in Heaven. The With your consent and cooperation, Jesus Love and forgiveness gives you the great gift of His love and mercy. Catechism teaches All He requires is that you desire this as well! You may have experienced the diffi culty of Through His bishops and priests, Jesus waits us that “the words forgiving someone who has betrayed you. for you in the confessional. bind and loose This sense that forgiveness is diffi cult might mean: whomever 1. Our sins are washed away in Baptism. Why do we need Confession? you exclude from ______your communion, ______will be excluded 2. Jesus told St. Peter: “I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you from communion bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven” (Matthew 16:19). Can you make any connection between this verse and the with God; Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation? whomever you ______receive anew into ______

your communion, 3. What is the purpose of penance? God will welcome ______back into his. ______Reconciliation with the Church is 189 inseparable from reconciliation with God” (CCC SAMPLE 1445).

3. We participate in Jesus’ suffering in a small way, working His sacrifice into our souls.

a stronger 4. In addition to the principle effects of forgiveness of sins and reconciliation with God and conscience and the Church, what are other benefi ts of Confession? helps us to be ______merciful to others. ______

Reflection Question: Reﬂ ection Question Why do you think the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation is sometimes called the Accept reasoned Sacrament of Conversion? answers that ______demonstrate ______understanding that ______

Confession involves ______conversion: we turn ______away from sin and ______turn to God. ______

SAMPLE190

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 407 Why Confess to a Priest?

Directions: Read the information, and then sketch a scene that shows the way Jesus forgives us and reconciles us to the Him and the Church in the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation.

any ask why we must confess our sins to way we foster a true and human friendship Ma priest instead of going to God directly. with Jesus Christ. When you go to Confession, you are going to Penance and Reconciliation, one of the God directly. Jesus gave priests many spiritual two Sacraments of Healing, helps restore powers — the power to baptize, to turn bread our souls to a state of grace. Penance and and wine into His Body and Blood, and to Reconciliation is also called the Sacrament forgive sins. of Confession, the Sacrament of Penance We call these the Sacraments. They are not and Reconciliation, and the Sacrament of only spiritual encounters with God — they are Conversion (CCC 1423–1424). This Sacrament physical encounters with Him. Just as you can is for anyone who has ever freely chosen to taste the Eucharist or feel water in Baptism, sin and therefore freely chosen to separate you can hear the priest tell you that you are themselves from God and the Church. forgiven. God isn’t just in Heaven; He is here Through Penance and Reconciliation, Jesus with us acting in the world. Confession is one joyfully welcomes us back if we only ask for His mercy.

SAMPLE

191

408 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. God does not hold grudges for past God’s Mercy Revealed in the Old Testament sins./When we go

to Confession, we Directions: Look up and read the given Scripture passages in your Bible. Then complete the are wiped clean of chart. our offenses. How would you put How does this verse connect this verse in your How does this verse to the Sacrament of Penance 2. God wants to own words? reveal God’s mercy? and Reconciliation?

make things right 1 Isaiah 43:25: between Him and humanity. He seeks to reconcile us to Himself. He purifies us 2 Isaiah 1:18: of our sins./ The sacrament accomplishes this reconciliation 3 Psalms 51:19: to God and the Church.

3. God forgives us when we are sorry 4 Proverbs 28:13: for our sins./ We express our contrition in Confession; God forgives us in this Sacrament. 192

4. God gives mercy to those who SAMPLE confess their sins rather than hide them./We confess our sins in this Sacrament and receive mercy.

Session 25: The Story of Penance and Reconciliation 409 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ The effect of thisSAMPLE Sacrament is ӹӹ Identify the symbols of Confession. reconciliation with God and the ӹӹ Keep track of what they learned Church. about Penance and Reconciliation ӹӹ We need Confession to be forgiven on the large classroom chart. of mortal sins. ӹӹ Watch the Sophia SketchPad ӹӹ The scriptural basis, matter, Confession video. form, minister, and effects of the ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on Sacrament of the Eucharist. Penance and Reconciliation. ӹӹ God’s mercy has no limit.

Session 26: Living the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation 411 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Why We Need Confession (page 193) ӹӹ Penance and Reconciliation Graphic ӹӹ Symbols of the Sacrament of Penance Organizer (page 196) and Reconciliation (page 195)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Sophia SketchPad Confession video, ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils available at SophiaSketchPad.org.

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Mortal Sin: Serious sin that we choose to commit even though we know it is wrong. Mortal sin separates us from God and completely rejects His love for us. ӹӹ Venial Sin: Less serious sin that hurts our relationship with God, but does not destroy it. SAMPLE Prayer for this session: Oh My Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of Hell, lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Thy mercy. Amen. – The Fatima Prayer

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Read aloud to your students Isaiah 1:18: Come now, let us set things right, says the LORD: Though your sins be like scarlet, they may become white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they may become white as wool. C. Ask students how this passage connects to God’s mercy and Confession. Lead students to the understanding that God wants to make things right between Him and humanity. He seeks to reconcile us to Himself and purify us of our sins. Then ask: Where does wool come from? From sheep or lambs, of course. D. Remind students that the Eucharist is the source and summit of our Faith. Can they connect this verse from Isaiah to Jesus and the Eucharist? Lead students to recall what they learned about Jesus as the Lamb of God whose sacrifice takes away the sin of the world. When we receive the Eucharist, we become more like Christ: pure.

Activity 1

A. Review the difference between venial and mortal sin. Mortal sin severs our relationship with God. Venial sin hurts — but does not sever — our relationship with God. We need Confession to be forgiven of mortal sins and return to God’s grace. SAMPLE B. Have students read Why We Need Confession (page 193) and answer the questions. C. Go over the answers to the questions as a class.

Session 26: Living the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation 413 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Make colored pencils available and have students complete Symbols of the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation (page 195). B. Have students share their drawing with the class.

Activity 3

A. Write on the board the following quote from the Catechism of the Catholic Church, no. 1468: The sacrament of Reconciliation with God brings about a true “spiritual resurrection,” restoration of the dignity and blessings of the life of the children of God, of which the most precious is friendship with God.

B. Ask the class if anyone can connect this idea of spiritual resurrection to what you’ve been learning about. If students need a hint, tell them to recall the Parable of the Prodigal Son from the last session. Remind them that the younger son squandered his inheritance, as we do when we freely choose to sin. C. Read aloud to your students the father’s words in Luke 15:32: “But now we must celebrate and rejoice, because your brother was dead and has come to life again; he was lost and has been SAMPLEfound.” Sin is a kind of death, and Confession restores us to life. D. Have students turn to Penance and Reconciliation Graphic Organizer (page 196) and use their worksheets and the given quotations from the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete it. E. Lead the class in filling in your larger classroom version of the chart to review the answers to Penance and Reconciliation Graphic Organizer.

Activity 4

Show students the Sophia SketchPad Confession video found at SophiaSketchPad.org.

Activity 5

A. Distribute index cards and give students all but five minutes of the remaining class time to work on their Jeopardy questions for the Sacrament of Confirmation. Remind students to initial their cards so you can keep track of their understanding. B. When five minutes remain, have students return to the Penance and Reconciliation Pre- Assessment (page 185) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right-hand column. C. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. D. Close with a class discussion asking what new things students have learned about Penance and Reconciliation, and answering any lingering questions they might have.

SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

Session 26: Living the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation 415 SAMPLE

2. Separation from God.

3. We all have the same choice: to either accept or reject God’s love.

Reflection Questions:

4. Someone would feel happy because his sins are forgiven and God the Father has embraced him, as the father in the Parable of the Lost Son embraced his child.

5. Accept reasoned answers, but let students know it would be normal and okay to still feel guilty for a sin even SAMPLE after confessing it and receiving absolution. In this way, our consciences help us avoid future sin and can motivate us to do good works for our neighbor. We should, however, take great comfort knowing that God has forgiven us.

Session 26: Living the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation 417 SAMPLE

418 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. The Risen Jesus breathed on the Apostles and gave them the power to forgive or retain sins. Jesus gives Peter the keys to the Church and the authority to bind or loose sin. See Matthew 16:18-19 and John 20:23.

2. The penitent expresses contrition and confesses sins, intending to avoid future sin and to do penance.

3. “Through the ministry of the Church may God give you pardon and peace. I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the SAMPLE Holy Spirit.”

4. Forgiveness of sins, reconciliation with God and the Church.

5. A priest.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 26: Living the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation 419 SAMPLE

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Sickness and death as part of the ӹӹ Test their knowledge of Anointing of human condition are the result of the Sick. Original Sin. SAMPLEӹӹ Reflect on the Christian meaning of ӹӹ Jesus came to free us from suffering, human suffering. sickness, and death through His own ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the suffering and Death on the Cross. Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. ӹӹ In the Sacrament of Anointing of ӹӹ Read about sin and suffering in the the Sick, we receive an outpouring Old Testament. of God’s grace to strengthen us to face suffering and sickness and even death that results from Original Sin.

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 421 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Anointing of the Sick Pre-Assessment ӹӹ The Story of Anointing of the Sick (page (page 198) 201) ӹӹ On the Christian Meaning of Human ӹӹ Sin and Suffering in the Old Testament Suffering (page 199) (page 204)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Anointing: Rubbing or marking with oil. Holy oil is spread on our foreheads in Baptism and Confirmation, and again in the Sacrament ofAnointing of the Sick. ӹӹ Redemptive: Acting to save or free someone. Christ’s Suffering and Death on the Cross saved us from sin and freed us from death.

Prayer for this session: O Jesus, through the Immaculate Heart of Mary, I offer you my prayers, works, joys, and sufferings of this day for all the intentions of your Sacred Heart, in union with the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass throughout the world, for the salvation of souls, the reparation of sins, the reunion of all Christians,SAMPLE and in particular for the intentions of the Holy Father this month. Amen. – The Morning Offering

Warm-Up

Anointing of the Sick Pre-Assessment A. Begin with the prayer for this session

Directions: In the left-hand column mark each statement true or false. Mark them again in the right-hand column at the end of our study of Penance and Reconciliation to B. Have students turn to Anointing of the Sick see if you were right.

Before beginning At the end of Pre-Assessment (page 198). Students should your study your study fill in the left column only and answer true or True or False? Statement True or False? ______1. Sickness and suffering entered the world because ______false for each statement. Let them know that of Original Sin. ______2. Suffering can be, but is not always, the result of ______personal sin.

it is all right for them not to know the answers ______3. The Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick forgives ______sin.

to these questions yet as you will be going over ______4. Anointing of the Sick can be received for any ______illness. this information in class. Students will fill in ______5. The ordinary minister of Anointing of the Sick is ______a priest.

______6. Because He was fully divine, Jesus did not really ______the right-hand column as a post-assessment in suffer during His life.

______7. The Church offers Anointing of the Sick to those ______the next session to see if their knowledge has who would like to receive it, but it is not truly necessary to the Christian life. improved. C. Hold an opening, large-group discussion by asking students to name something that has

brought happiness to their life. Keep a list on 198 the board. D. Choose any of the items on the board and ask how long the happiness associated with this thing lasts. Answers could range from feeling happy about a good meal for a few hours to feeling happy for a lifetime. E. Point out the good but temporary nature of all these experiences of happiness. Explain that all good things come from God and that happiness in this life is meant to give us a taste of the happiness we will experienceSAMPLE in Heaven. F. Now ask if anyone in the class has ever suffered or know someone who has. Make a list of the types of human suffering (e.g., physical pain, mental or emotional anguish over the loss of loved ones, feeling alienated from God, and so forth). Conclude that everyone goes through some form of suffering. It is part of our human condition because of Original Sin.

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 423 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1 On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering

Directions: Read the selections – the fi rst two taken from Pope St. John Paul II’s Salvifi ci A. Have students turn to On the Christian Meaning of 3. Through what has Christ accomplished the world’s redemption? Doloris (On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering) – and answer the ______questions. 4. If human suffering is united by love to Christ, what does that suffering accomplish? Human Suffering (page 199). Read aloud together Jesus’ suffering has human dimensions; it also is unique in the history of humanity — a depth ______and intensity that, while being human, can also be an incomparable depth and intensity of suffering, insofar as the man who suffers is in person the only begotten Son himself: “God from 5. To negate something means to cancel it out, and being passive means allowing things to God.” Therefore, only he — the only begotten Son — is capable of embracing the measure of evil happen without taking any action. From what you know of Jesus’ life, how would you assess the first quotation from Pope St. John Paul’s II Salvifici contained in the sin of man: In every sin and in “total” sin, according to the dimensions of the the statement: “The gospel is the negation of passivity in the face of suffering”? historical existence of humanity on earth. ______–SALVIFICI DOLORIS ______Doloris (On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering). 1. Make a list of all the ways Jesus suffered in the following ways:

Jesus came to free usPhysically from suffering, ______sickness, and separation from God in death through His own suffering, Death, and Resurrection. He took on the eternal consequence of sin and opened Mentally ______Heaven to us. Jesus continues to be active in the world. In the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, we receive an outpouringSpiritually of______God’s grace to strengthen us to face suffering and sickness B. Then have students work with a partner to think of and and even death that results from the Original Sin. 2. Why does Pope St. John Paul II say that only Jesus is “capable of embracing the measure of 6. What is the purposeevil ofcontained the Sacrament in the sin of Anointingof man”? of the Sick? list all the ways Jesus suffered in His life on earth, and ______

______7. From just the reading and information we have discussed today, how would you begin to answer the questions: answer the further question. How does this Sacrament reveal God’s life-giving love? ӹ Christ has accomplished the world’s redemption through his own suffering. For, at the same ______time, this redemption, even though it was completely achieved by Christ’s suffering, lives on and in its own special way develops in the history of man. It lives and develops as the body of ______Christ, the Church, and in this dimension every human suffering, by reason of the loving union with Christ, completes the suffering of Christ. It completes that suffering just as the Church C. Go over student responses and connect the way Jesus ӹ How doescompletes this Sacrament the redemptive help me to work become of Christ.… more like my Heavenly Father?

______Christ’s revelation of the salvifi c meaning of suffering is in no way identifi ed with an attitude of passivity. Completely the reverse is true. The gospel is the negation of passivity in the face of ______suffering. Christ himself is especially active in this fi eld. suffered to the general categories of human suffering –SALVIFICI DOLORIS that you brainstormed during the warm-up: physical, 199 mental, and spiritual. 200 D. Point out that — as with happiness — all suffering in this life is also temporary. But the wages of sin is death — eternal separation from God. Jesus came to free us from suffering, sickness, and death through His own suffering and Death on the Cross. In the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, we receive an outpouring of God’s grace to strengthen us to face suffering and sickness and even death that results from Original Sin. E. Have students complete the rest of On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering in pairs, and discuss responses as a large group.

The Story of Anointing of the Sick Activity 2

outpouring of theDirections: Holy Spirit andRead an affithe rmingessay andGod then loves answer us so the much questions that He that became follow. one of the indelible seal placed upon the person’s of us. Because Jesus was fully human, He soul at Baptism and Confi rmation that mark experienced all that we experience (except he Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick is human suffering into something new. No A. Have students turn to The Story of Anointing of the him or her as God’s possession. This anointing sin). So if Jesus did something, it must be a frequently misunderstood Sacrament longer are suffering, illness, and death just a strengthens the personT to endure, gives peace good. Because He suffered so terribly, we can of the Church. This Sacrament is appropriate by-product of sin, the work of the devil. Now,SAMPLE and courage to overcome, and if it is God’s connect our suffering to His Passion on the Reﬂ ection Questionnot only for those at the point of death; it can united to Christ’s own suffering, the suffering will, be healed. It also unites the suffering of Cross. In this way, we can participate in the Have you ever been verybe receivedill? While any you time were a personfeeling sick,is in dangerwas there of anythinginherent that inmade the human condition can make Sick (page 201) and read the information. the person to Christ’s own suffering, making redemptive quality of suffering for ourselves you feel better? If youdeath haven’t because been very of very ill, what serious do illnessyou imagine or old would makeus more you Christ-like feel and be offered for others it redemptive in nature and a participation in and for others. better? age. The graces from the Sacrament are given and the Church as a redemptive sacrifi ce. Christ’s saving work. to help us overcome and endure theSt. Gregorysuffering of Nazianzus wrote, “What has ______The Sacrament alsothat brings is a part with of it the the human presence condition, not beenwhile assumed has not been healed.” uniting our misery to Christ’s redemptive Anointing of the Sick ______of the Church in the person of the priest, Christ healed humanity because He assumed We will all encounter the consequences of B. As a large group, discuss the questions that follow the thereby helping toactions. break down feelings humanity. Christ redeemed suffering because ______of isolation and loneliness. The gesture of He suffered. Christsin: won the victorysuffering over and death sickness that are a part anointing and the soothing aspect of the because He died.of And the Christ human will condition. glorify man’s And we will all face ______oil communicate Originalthe touch, Sinintimacy, and body because Hedeath. rose in This glory. Jesus knew, and experienced God created our original parents without sin, Himself. In fact, Jesus closely identifi ed with ______closeness of Christ and His Church. essay. and they enjoyed an intimate relationship with the sick and suffering, not only during His ______1. Who should receiveHim in paradise,the Sacrament free from of Anointing suffering, ofillness, the Sick? own Passion, but during His public ministry and death. This idyllic situation changed, when He healed so many who were sick ______however, when Adam and Eve gave in to the and infi rm. Jesus sent His Apostles out two temptation of the serpent and ate of the fruit by two to heal the sick and forgive sins as 2. How did suffering enter the world? from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. a sign of the arrival of the Kingdom of God, C. Ask students to share their responses to the reflection ______This singular action, the Original Sin, broke the prophesied from the Old Testament. And unity between Heaven and earth and ushered He commanded His Church to heal the sick. ______in sickness, suffering, sin, and death. This And so, working through human signs and fallen state was now the human condition: actions as He always does, Jesus gave us question and identify any themes. 3. How did Christ transform the meaning of suffering? the natural consequences of our own actions, the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick as a ______passed on to all humans for every generation. means of communicating God’s grace and an outpouring of the Holy Spirit to strengthen ______the sick and suffering person in the face of God’s love for us adversity and to prepare the person for the 4. How is this SacramentGod loved administered?the world so much that He gave His D. Connect these themes to Jesus’ life. For example, fi nal struggles before beholding the Beatifi c ______only beloved Son into the world to become Vision of God. human, like us in all things but sin, to willingly In this Sacrament, the priest, who is the ______suffer and die for all mankind on the Cross. proper minister, anoints with holy oil and lays In this redemptive act, Christ transformed students may say that when they are sick, they feel 5. How does this Sacrament communicate the closeness of Jesus andhis hands the Church? upon the sick person as a sign of the

______201 better if someone is there with them. Jesus knows what 202 it was to be lonely and experienced it Himself. Visiting 203 the sick is a Corporal Work of Mercy, and so forth.

Activity 3

A. Read aloud to students Romans 5:12: Therefore, just as through one person sin entered the world, and through sin, death … thus death came to all, inasmuch as all sinned. B. Make sure students understand that Adam brought sin and death into the world. Our own sins perpetuate death. In a mini-lecture, explain: In the Old Testament and up through the time of Jesus, the people believed that sickness and suffering were the direct result of sin. Therefore, they looked to God for healing of their sickness and suffering by the forgiveness of their sins. Some even believed that God would save them from death, which was also the direct result of the sin of Adam and Eve. In the end, through the prophecy of Isaiah, the people believed that when the Messiah came to usher in God’s kingdom, He would be announced by miraculous healings and the forgiveness of all sin. Although sin can certainly be the direct cause of our sickness and suffering (both personal sin, and structures of sin), often sickness and suffering Sin and Suffering in the Old Testament

Directions: Read Howthe information, does Jesus help and usthen understand look up the this Bible aspect verses. of sin After and reading suffering each more fully? one, answer the question and explain how Jesus Christ helps us understand this serve another purpose: so that the works of God aspect ______of sin and suffering more fully. Finally, answer the refl ection question.

______n the Old Testament and up through the While sin can certainly be the direct cause might be made visible through our suffering. In Itime of Jesus, the3. people Psalm believed 107:17-22Reﬂ ection that Questionof our sickness and suffering (both personal sickness and suffering were theLook direct up John result 9:1–7 andsin, explain and structures what this of passage sin), often reveals sickness about and sin and suffering. Why did some fall sick? What did the Lord send to heal them? of sin. Therefore, they looked to God for suffering serve another purpose: so that the ______healing of their sickness ______and suffering by the works of God might be made visible through Jesus, our suffering and sickness can be redemptive. forgiveness of their sins. Some even believed our suffering. In Jesus, our suffering and ______that God would save ______them from death, which sickness can be redemptive. In other words, was also the direct result of the______sin of Adam we can come to know God and experience and Eve. In the end, Howthrough does the Jesus prophecy help us understandconversion this aspect because of sinof our and suffering suffering and more fully? In other words, we can come to know God and ______of Isaiah, the people believed that when the sickness. This is a change from the Old ______Messiah came to usher in God’s______kingdom, He Testament understanding of suffering and would be announced ______by miraculous healings sickness. In Christ, suffering takes on new experience conversion because of our suffering and and the forgiveness of all sin.______meaning. In fact, it is a requirement of being a 4. Isaiah 33:24 disciple. 1. Genesis 3:16-19What does the sacred author prophesy will happen to those who dwell in God’s Kingdom? sickness. This is a change from the Old Testament What are the consequences ______for the Original Sin of Adam and Eve? ______

______understanding of suffering and sickness. In Christ, How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? How does Jesus help ______us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? suffering takes on new meaning. In fact, it is a ______5. Isaiah 53:10-11 requirement of being a disciple. 2. Psalm 38:2-5What can happen because of suffering? What is the cause ______of the psalmist’s suffering and sickness?

______C. Have students turn to Sin and Suffering in ______How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? ______the Old Testament (page 204). Put students 204 ______into pairs and have them look up the Scripture 205 passages in their Bibles SAMPLEand answer the questions. 206 D. Go over student responses together as a class.

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring index cards. Review the upcoming session.

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 425 Answer Key 1. True 2. True Anointing of the Sick Pre-Assessment 3. True Directions: In the left-hand column mark each statement true or false. Mark them again in the right-hand column at the end of our study of Penance and Reconciliation to 4. False see if you were right.

5. True Before beginning At the end of your study your study 6. False True or False? Statement True or False?

7. False ______1. Sickness and suffering entered the world because ______of Original Sin.

______2. Suffering can be, but is not always, the result of ______personal sin.

______3. The Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick forgives ______sin.

______4. Anointing of the Sick can be received for any ______illness.

______5. The ordinary minister of Anointing of the Sick is ______a priest.

______6. Because He was fully divine, Jesus did not really ______suffer during His life.

______7. The Church offers Anointing of the Sick to those ______who would like to receive it, but it is not truly necessary to the Christian life.

198SAMPLE

426 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Physically: Being scourged, beaten, On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering whipped, crowned with thorns, Directions: Read the selections – the fi rst two taken from Pope St. John Paul II’s Salvifi ci forced to carry Doloris (On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering) – and answer the questions. the Cross, nailed

to the Cross, and Jesus’ suffering has human dimensions; it also is unique in the history of humanity — a depth hung; agonizing and intensity that, while being human, can also be an incomparable depth and intensity of suffering, insofar as the man who suffers is in person the only begotten Son himself: “God from thirst. God.” Therefore, only he — the only begotten Son — is capable of embracing the measure of evil contained in the sin of man: In every sin and in “total” sin, according to the dimensions of the historical existence of humanity on earth. Mentally: Jesus –SALVIFICI DOLORIS wept when His 1. Make a list of all the ways Jesus suffered in the following ways: friend Lazarus Physically ______died. He also Mentally ______

suffered betrayal Spiritually ______by Judas, sorrow 2. Why does Pope St. John Paul II say that only Jesus is “capable of embracing the measure of when denied by evil contained in the sin of man”? Peter, anguish ______knowing He ______would be tortured Christ has accomplished the world’s redemption through his own suffering. For, at the same and crucified, time, this redemption, even though it was completely achieved by Christ’s suffering, lives on and in its own special way develops in the history of man. It lives and develops as the body of experienced the Christ, the Church, and in this dimension every human suffering, by reason of the loving union humiliation of with Christ, completes the suffering of Christ. It completes that suffering just as the Church completes the redemptive work of Christ.…

being stripped Christ’s revelation of the salvifi c meaning of suffering is in no way identifi ed with an attitude of and mocked, passivity. Completely the reverse is true. The gospel is the negation of passivity in the face of suffering. Christ himself is especially active in this fi eld. watched His –SALVIFICI DOLORIS mother and other disciples suffer 199 at the foot of the Cross. Spiritually: He felt SAMPLE abandoned and forsaken by the Father during the Crucifixion.

2. Because He is God Himself.

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 427 Answer Key 3. His own suffering.

4. The completion of 3. Through what has Christ accomplished the world’s redemption? ______Christ’s suffering. 4. If human suffering is united by love to Christ, what does that suffering accomplish?

5. Jesus willingly ______

offered Himself 5. To negate something means to cancel it out, and being passive means allowing things to as a sacrifice. happen without taking any action. From what you know of Jesus’ life, how would you assess the statement: “The gospel is the negation of passivity in the face of suffering”?

He was not ______

simply a victim ______of suffering; He Jesus came to free us from suffering, sickness, and separation from God in death through His embraced it. own suffering, Death, and Resurrection. He took on the eternal consequence of sin and opened Heaven to us. Jesus continues to be active in the world. In the Sacrament of Anointing of the 6. The Sacrament Sick, we receive an outpouring of God’s grace to strengthen us to face suffering and sickness and even death that results from the Original Sin. strengthens us to face suffering and 6. What is the purpose of the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick? ______sickness and even 7. From just the reading and information we have discussed today, how would you begin to death that results answer the questions: from Original Sin. ӹ How does this Sacrament reveal God’s life-giving love? ______

7. Accept reasoned ______answers. ӹ How does this Sacrament help me to become more like my Heavenly Father?

______

200SAMPLE

Directions: Read the essay and then answer the questions that follow.

he Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick is human suffering into something new. No Ta frequently misunderstood Sacrament longer are suffering, illness, and death just a of the Church. This Sacrament is appropriate by-product of sin, the work of the devil. Now, not only for those at the point of death; it can united to Christ’s own suffering, the suffering be received any time a person is in danger of inherent in the human condition can make death because of very serious illness or old us more Christ-like and be offered for others age. The graces from the Sacrament are given and the Church as a redemptive sacrifi ce. to help us overcome and endure the suffering that is a part of the human condition, while uniting our misery to Christ’s redemptive Anointing of the Sick actions. We will all encounter the consequences of sin: the suffering and sickness that are a part of the human condition. And we will all face Original Sin death. This Jesus knew, and experienced God created our original parents without sin, Himself. In fact, Jesus closely identifi ed with and they enjoyed an intimate relationship with the sick and suffering, not only during His Him in paradise, free from suffering, illness, own Passion, but during His public ministry and death. This idyllic situation changed, when He healed so many who were sick however, when Adam and Eve gave in to the and infi rm. Jesus sent His Apostles out two temptation of the serpent and ate of the fruit by two to heal the sick and forgive sins as from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. a sign of the arrival of the Kingdom of God, This singular action, the Original Sin, broke the prophesied from the Old Testament. And unity between Heaven and earth and ushered He commanded His Church to heal the sick. in sickness, suffering, sin, and death. This And so, working through human signs and fallen state was now the human condition: actions as He always does, Jesus gave us the natural consequences of our own actions, the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick as a passed on to all humans for every generation. means of communicating God’s grace and an outpouring of the Holy Spirit to strengthen the sick and suffering person in the face of God’s love for us SAMPLEadversity and to prepare the person for the God loved the world so much that He gave His fi nal struggles before beholding the Beatifi c only beloved Son into the world to become Vision of God. human, like us in all things but sin, to willingly In this Sacrament, the priest, who is the suffer and die for all mankind on the Cross. proper minister, anoints with holy oil and lays In this redemptive act, Christ transformed his hands upon the sick person as a sign of the

201

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 429 Answer Key 1. Anyone who is

facing serious outpouring of the Holy Spirit and an affi rming God loves us so much that He became one illness. of the indelible seal placed upon the person’s of us. Because Jesus was fully human, He soul at Baptism and Confi rmation that mark experienced all that we experience (except him or her as God’s possession. This anointing sin). So if Jesus did something, it must be 2. Through the strengthens the person to endure, gives peace good. Because He suffered so terribly, we can Original Sin of and courage to overcome, and if it is God’s connect our suffering to His Passion on the will, be healed. It also unites the suffering of Cross. In this way, we can participate in the Adam and Eve. the person to Christ’s own suffering, making redemptive quality of suffering for ourselves it redemptive in nature and a participation in and for others. Therefore it is a Christ’s saving work. St. Gregory of Nazianzus wrote, “What has by-product of sin The Sacrament also brings with it the presence not been assumed has not been healed.” of the Church in the person of the priest, Christ healed humanity because He assumed and the devil. thereby helping to break down feelings humanity. Christ redeemed suffering because of isolation and loneliness. The gesture of He suffered. Christ won victory over death 3. He made it new anointing and the soothing aspect of the because He died. And Christ will glorify man’s oil communicate the touch, intimacy, and body because He rose in glory. and holy by closeness of Christ and His Church.

willingly suffering 1. Who should receive the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick? and dying for all ______

mankind on the 2. How did suffering enter the world? Cross. ______4. The priest, who 3. How did Christ transform the meaning of suffering? is the proper ______minister, anoints ______with holy oil and 4. How is this Sacrament administered? lays his hands ______

upon the sick ______person as a sign of 5. How does this Sacrament communicate the closeness of Jesus and the Church?

the outpouring of ______

the Holy Spirit. ______5. The Sacrament brings with it 202 the presence of the Church in the person of SAMPLE the priest, thereby helping to break down feelings of isolation and loneliness. The gesture of anointing and the soothing aspect of the oil communicate the touch, intimacy, and closeness of Christ and His Church.

430 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Reﬂ ection Question Have you ever been very ill? While you were feeling sick, was there anything that made you feel better? If you haven’t been very ill, what do you imagine would make you feel better?

______

SAMPLE

203

Accept reasoned answers

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 431 Answer Key 1. Genesis 3:16- 19 — Pain in Sin and Suffering in the Old Testament childbirth and suffering in Directions: Read the information, and then look up the Bible verses. After reading each work. Ultimately, one, answer the question and explain how Jesus Christ helps us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully. Finally, answer the refl ection question. life will end in

death./This n the Old Testament and up through the While sin can certainly be the direct cause understanding Itime of Jesus, the people believed that of our sickness and suffering (both personal sickness and suffering were the direct result sin, and structures of sin), often sickness and of suffering is of sin. Therefore, they looked to God for suffering serve another purpose: so that the healing of their sickness and suffering by the works of God might be made visible through missing the Good forgiveness of their sins. Some even believed our suffering. In Jesus, our suffering and News of Jesus that God would save them from death, which sickness can be redemptive. In other words, was also the direct result of the sin of Adam we can come to know God and experience Christ, who takes and Eve. In the end, through the prophecy conversion because of our suffering and of Isaiah, the people believed that when the sickness. This is a change from the Old away our sin and Messiah came to usher in God’s kingdom, He Testament understanding of suffering and would be announced by miraculous healings sickness. In Christ, suffering takes on new opens Heaven to and the forgiveness of all sin. meaning. In fact, it is a requirement of being a us. disciple. 1. Genesis 3:16-19 2. Psalm 38:2- What are the consequences for the Original Sin of Adam and Eve?

5 — The psalmist’s ______

own sins./Jesus ______Christ will bear How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? the burden of ______

our sins in His ______Passion. 2. Psalm 38:2-5 What is the cause of the psalmist’s suffering and sickness?

______

______204SAMPLE

22 — They fell sick How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully?

from their wicked ______

ways. The Lord ______sent His Word to 3. Psalm 107:17-22 heal them./Jesus Why did some fall sick? What did the Lord send to heal them?

Christ is the Word. ______4. Isaiah 33:24 — No ______one will be sick How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? and God will ______forgive their sins./ ______

Jesus heals the sick 4. Isaiah 33:24 and forgives sin. What does the sacred author prophesy will happen to those who dwell in God’s Kingdom?

______5. Isaiah 53:10- ______11 — Because of suffering, a How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? ______person’s life can be ______made an offering for the sin of 5. Isaiah 53:10-11 others and the What can happen because of suffering? person will come ______to see God./ Jesus Christ fulfills How does Jesus help us understand this aspect of sin and suffering more fully? this prophecy. ______SAMPLE 205

Session 27: The Story of Anointing of the Sick 433 Answer Key Reflection Question: While sin can be the direct cause of Reﬂ ection Question our sickness and Look up John 9:1–7 and explain what this passage reveals about sin and suffering. suffering, often ______sickness and suffering ______serve another ______purpose: so that the ______works of God might ______be made visible through our suffering. In Jesus, our suffering and sickness can be redemptive. In other words, we can come to know God and conversion because of our suffering and sickness. This is a change from the Old Testament understanding of suffering and sickness. In Christ, suffering, which is part of the human condition, takes on new meaning. In fact, 206 it is a requirement of being a disciple. SAMPLE

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Jesus is the Divine Physician who ӹӹ Explore Jesus’ miracles of healing. came to call sinners,SAMPLE not the ӹӹ Reflect of the redemptive righteous. possibilities of suffering. ӹӹ Jesus ushered in the Kingdom of ӹӹ Keep track of what they learned God by fulfilling the prophecy of about Anointing of the Sick on the Isaiah, healing the sick and forgiving large classroom chart. sins. ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on ӹӹ The scriptural basis, matter, Anointing of the Sick. form, minister, and effects of the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 435 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Miraculous Healings of Jesus (page ӹӹ Anointing of the Sick Graphic Organizer 207) (page 213) ӹӹ The Redemption of Suffering (page 211)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Divine Physician: A title for Jesus that describes how He came to call sinners, not the righteous. This is similar to the way a physician or doctor treats those who are sick, not those who are healthy.

Prayer for this session: Dear Jesus, Divine Physician and Healer of the sick, we turn to you in this time of illness. O dearest comforter of the troubled, alleviate our worry and sorrow with your gentle love, and grant us the grace and strength to accept this burden. Dear God, we place our worries in your hands. We place our sick under your care and humbly ask that you restore your servants to health again (ask students to offer up the names of anyone they know who is sick). Above all, grant us SAMPLEthe grace to acknowledge your will and know that whatever you do, you do for the love of us. Amen.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Read aloud to students Mark 2:17: Jesus heard this and said to them [that], “Those who are well do not need a physician, but the sick do. I did not come to call the righteous but sinners.” C. As a large group, discuss the following questions: ӹӹ Why does Jesus compare Himself to a physician? What is a physician? ӹӹ What does a good physician do? ӹӹ Why would we call Jesus the Divine Physician? ӹӹ Why are Penance and Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick called Sacraments of Healing? ӹӹ Think about your doctor. What are some things he or she does in order to discover what is wrong when you have an illness? Can doctors help you without being physically present with you or touching you? D. Point out that Christ not only allowed Himself to be touched by the sick, but He made their miseries His own. Often Jesus asks the sick to believe. He makes use of signs to heal: spittle and the laying on of hands, mud and washing (CCC 1504). E. Now read aloud Isaiah 33:24: No one who dwells there will say, “I am sick”; the people who live there will be forgiven their guilt.

F. Ask the class: What placeSAMPLE does “there” refer to? The Kingdom of God.

Activity 1

A. Read aloud to your students Matthew 4:17, 23-25, or have a student stand and read it aloud: From that time on, Jesus began to preach and say, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” ... He went around all of Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and curing every disease and illness among the people. His fame spread to all of Syria, and they brought to him all who were sick with various diseases and racked with pain, those who were possessed, lunatics, and paralytics, and he cured them. And great crowds from Galilee, the Decapolis, Jerusalem, and Judea, and from beyond the Jordan followed him.

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 437 LESSON PLAN

EXPLAIN to students that Jesus ushered in the Kingdom of God by fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah, healing the sick and forgiving sins. The rite of Anointing of the Sick is based in large part on the example of Jesus, as well as his command to the Apostles to heal the sick. B. Put students in pairs or trios. Have each group work on one of the miraculous healings described on The Miraculous Healings of Jesus (page 207). C. Then have each group report on the miraculous healing assigned to them, while the rest of the class takes notes to complete the worksheet.

Activity 2

A. Write on the board the first part of a famous quotation from Victor Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning: Suffering ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds a meaning, such as the meaning of a sacrifice.

B. If needed, explain that Frankl was a physician who endured life in a Nazi death camp. In his book Man’s Search for Meaning, he wrote about his experiences in the camp and the various SAMPLEways his fellow prisoners dealt with their extreme suffering. He concluded that the only way to endure such suffering is to invest it with meaning. C. Ask for volunteers to connect this idea to the idea of redemptive suffering. Jesus made suffering meaningful by offering it for the redemption of the world. We can unite our suffering to His for the sake of ourselves and others. D. Have students complete The Redemption of Suffering (page 211) individually.

Activity 3

A. Have students turn to Anointing of the Sick Graphic Organizer (page 213) and use their worksheets and the given quotations from the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete Anointing of the Sick Graphic Organizer. B. Lead the class in filling in your larger classroom version of the chart to review the answers to Anointing of the Sick Graphic Organizer.

Activity 4

A. Distribute index cards and give students all but five minutes of the remaining class time to work on their Jeopardy questions for the Sacrament of Confirmation. Remind students to initial their cards so you can keep track of their understanding. B. When five minutes remain, have students return to the Anointing of the Sick Pre-Assessment (page 198) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right- hand column. C. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. D. Close with a class discussion asking what new things students have learned about Anointing of the Sick, and answering any lingering questions they might have. SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session Bring construction or drawing paper and markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 439 Answer Key 1. Jesus raises a widow’s son from the dead.

2. Jesus told the widow not to weep and took pity on her.

3. Jesus commanded the dead son to rise by saying, “Young man, I tell you, arise!”

4. The crowd was afraid, but they glorified God and proclaimed Jesus to be a great prophet and God Himself, and then they spread the word of Jesus throughout the land.

5. Even death has no power in the Kingdom of God. SAMPLE

440 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 6. A paralytic was placed on a mat and lowered through a roof by some friends to where Jesus was preaching. Jesus forgave the paralytic his sins. The scribes accused Jesus of blasphemy because only God can forgive sins. Jesus then healed the man so the crowd would believe He had the power to forgive sins as well.

7. “Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise, pick up your mat and walk?’”

8. “Child, your sins are forgiven,” and “I say to you, rise, pick up your mat, and go home.”

9. The crowd at first thought Jesus was a blasphemer because He forgave sins, but after He healed the man, the crowd was astounded and glorified God. 10. There will be no sin or sicknessSAMPLE in the Kingdom of God. God has the power to forgive sin and to heal sickness.

11. A blind man with a speech impediment was brought to Jesus for healing.

12. Jesus ordered the people not to tell anyone after they had seen Him perform the miraculous healing.

13. Jesus put His finger into the man’s ears and, spitting, touched his tongue. He also commanded, “Ephphatha!” which means, “Be opened!”

14. The crowd was astonished and proclaimed His works even though they were told not to.

15. Eyes will be opened, and we will truly see in the Kingdom of God.

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 441 Answer Key 16. Jesus healed a blind man who begged Jesus to heal him.

17. Jesus asked the blind man if he could see anything and told him to go home and not go into the village.

18. Jesus put spittle onto the blind man’s eyes and laid hands on him.

19. The blind man could see everything clearly after he was healed.

20. We will see clearly in the Kingdom of God.

21. In the synagogue on the Sabbath Jesus healed a woman who had been crippled for 18 years.

22. Jesus called the leaders of the synagogues hypocrites for refusing to heal the woman on the Sabbath. SAMPLE 23. Jesus laid hands on the woman and said, “Woman, you are set free of your infirmity.”

24. She at once stood up straight and glorified God.

25. There will be no need for the Sabbath in the Kingdom of God because the Sabbath is made for us to be in relationship with Him and, there, we will be forever.

27. Jesus asked why only one of the ten returned to give thanks after they discovered they had been healed.

28. Jesus told them to go show themselves to the priests of the town, and as they were on the way to do so, they were healed.

29. One of the ten lepers returned to Jesus and fell at His feet and thanked Him.

30. All are welcome in the Kingdom of God, God’s chosen and “foreigners.” SAMPLE The Kingdom of God will be filled with thanksgiving and praise to God for His wondrous works.

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 443 Answer Key 1. Anguish, self- absorption, and sometimes even despair and revolt against God.

2. Sickness can also make a person more mature, helping him discern what is not essential so that he can turn toward that which is. Suffering can point people toward God.

SAMPLE

4. God can make good come from evil — including the greatest good of the Resurrection that came from the greatest evil of the Crucifixion! God has a plan for each and every one of us. By uniting our suffering with Christ’s, we are doing something that only we and no one else can do.

SAMPLE

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 445 Answer Key 1. Jesus’ command to the Apostles to “heal the sick.” The letter of St. James attests to the rite. See Mark 6:13 and James 5:14-15.

2. Anointing of the sick person’s forehand and hands with oil, the laying on of hands.

3. Liturgical prayer of the celebrant, as quoted in the CCC.

4. Strengthening, peace, and courage to endure, uniting with Jesus’ Passion, the restoration of health if it is God’s will, forgiveness of sins, preparation for passing over SAMPLE into eternal life.

5. A priest.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 28: Living the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick 447 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Jesus is first revealed to the public ӹӹ Test their knowledge of Matrimony. as the Messiah, theSAMPLE Son of God and ӹӹ Look at sacred art. Savior, at the Wedding at Cana. ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the ӹ Jesus elevated marriage to a ӹ Sacrament of Matrimony. Sacrament at the same time that ӹӹ Make diagrams of the goods of He announced that the time had marriage. come for God’s relationship with His people to be restored. ӹӹ Explore why marriage is a union ӹӹ The essential features of divine love between a man and a woman. that shape married love are fidelity, self-sacrifice, and generativity.

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 449 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Holy Matrimony Pre-Assessment (page ӹӹ The Story of Holy Matrimony (page 219) 215) ӹӹ God’s Love and the Goods of Marriage ӹӹ Salvation History Begins and Ends with a (page 222) Wedding Image Collage (page 216) ӹӹ A Unity of Two (page 225) ӹӹ Salvation History Begins and Ends with a Wedding (page 217)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Construction or drawing paper ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Primordial: Existing from the very beginning. Marriage is called the “primordial sacrament” because, though it was not a Sacrament until the age of the Church, marriage between one man and one woman has existed from the very beginning of human existence. ӹӹ Fidelity: ӹӹ Generativity: SAMPLE

Prayer for this session: Defense of Marriage Prayer, found in the session plan.

Warm-Up

A. Pray together with your students the following prayer in defense of marriage, taken from the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ website, USCCB.org:

God our Father, we give you thanks for the gift of marriage: the bond of life and love, and the font of the family.

The love of husband and wife enriches your Church with children, fills the world with a multitude of spiritual fruitfulness and service, and is the sign of the love of your Son, Jesus Christ, for his Church.

The grace of Jesus flowed forth at Cana at the request of the Blessed Mother. May your Son, through the intercession of Mary, pour out upon us a new measure of the Gifts of the Holy Spirit as we join with all people of good will to promote and protect the unique beauty of marriage.

May your Holy Spirit enlighten our society to treasure the heroic love of husband and wife, and guide our leaders to sustain and protect the singular place of mothers and fathers in the lives of their children.SAMPLE Father, we ask that our prayers be joined to those of the Virgin Mary, that your Word may transform our service so as to safeguard the incomparable splendor of marriage. We ask all these things through Christ our Lord, Amen.

Saints Joachim and Anne, pray for us.

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 451 LESSON PLAN

B. Have students complete Holy Matrimony Pre- Assessment (page 215). Students should fill in the left column only and answer true or false for each statement. Let them know that it is all right for them not to know the answers to these questions yet as you will be going over this information in class. Students will fill in the right-hand column as a post-assessment in the next session to see if their knowledge has improved.

EXPLAIN to your students that marriage is a covenant that has existed since God made it when He created Adam and Eve. The first consequence of the Fall was a rupture in communion between Heaven and earth, and in the communion between husband and wife. Marriage existed even after the Fall because it is in our natures. When Jesus came, He first revealed Himself to the public as the Son of God and Savior in the midst of a wedding. By doing so, Jesus announced that the time had come for God’s relationship with His people to be restored at the same time that He elevated marriage to a Sacrament. C. Next explain that now that Jesus has redeemed us and made marriage a Sacrament, marriage SAMPLEtoo reflects God’s divine nature.

Activity 1

A. Have students turn to Salvation History Begins and Ends with a Wedding Image Collage (page 216) and reflect on the images. Then share with students the following information: ӹӹ If it seems strange to see Jesus at the Creation of Adam and Eve where we usually see God the Father depicted, remember that God is the Blessed Trinity: one God in Three divine Persons. As we say in the Nicene Creed, Jesus is the same substance as the Father, born of Him before all ages. ӹӹ Jesus is first revealed to the public as the Messiah, the Son of God and Savior, at the Wedding at Cana. ӹӹ In the Wedding at Cana painting, Jesus is central, in blue and red. Mary is to the left of Jesus, and John to the right. Peter is kneeling. The man standing in red and white is likely an Apostle, probably James. The two men kneeling in green are servants, and the man in yellow is likely the headwaiter. The man and woman sitting in the back right are the bride and groom. All the other people are guests. ӹӹ Just as Jesus was present at the Wedding at Cana, He gives husbands and wives the graces and the strength to live the Sacrament of Matrimony as a SacramentSAMPLE of love. B. Then have students turn to Salvation History Begins and Ends with a Wedding (page 217), read the Scripture passages, and answer the questions. C. Go over the answers as a class. Lead the discussion back to the Eucharist as the source and summit of our Faith. How does the artwork we viewed today, along with today’s discussion, show us this truth? Accept reasoned answers that recognize the Eucharist as the ultimate sign of Jesus’ life-giving love, and His sacrifice on the Cross as the source of all the Sacraments, including marriage.

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 453 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Have students read The Story of Holy Matrimony (page 219). B. As a large group, discuss the answers to the questions and clarify any questions or misunderstandings. C. Have students respond to the reflection questions independently.

Activity 3

A. Arrange your students in eight groups of approximately equal numbers. EXPLAIN to your students that God’s love for us has four components or parts: it is free, total and self-giving, faithful, and fruitful. Human love, particularly the love shared between spouses in marriage, or marital love, is a reflection of how God loves. There is no love apart from God. 1 John 4:8 tells us, “Whoever is without love does not know God, for God is love.” The opposite of this statement is true as well: “Whoever knows love knows God, for God is love.” We will now compare the characteristics of God’s love with those of marital love. The characteristics of marital love are also SAMPLEknown as the “Goods of Marriage.” B. Make markers and/or colored pencils available. Distribute to each student two pieces of drawing or construction paper. Have students fold each piece in half horizontally. At the top of one piece, have students label the front “Free” and the back “Faithful.” At the top of the other piece, have students label the front “Fruitful” and the back “Total Self-Giving.” Then, on each piece of paper, front and back, have students label the bottom of the left side “God’s Love” and the bottom of the right side “Marital Love.” See the diagrams below for a visual aid.

Side 1 Side 1

Free Total Self-Giving

God’s Marital God’s Marital Love Love Love Love

Side 2 Side 2

Faithful Fruitful

God’s Marital God’s Marital Love Love Love Love

B. Assign each group one of the “Goods of Marriage” (free, faithful, total self-giving, and fruitful). There should be two groups assigned to each “Good.” C. H ave students turn to God’s Love and the Goods of Marriage (page 222) in their workbooks. Have each group read together the first two sections, and then have them read about their assignedSAMPLE “Good of Marriage” and become “experts” on it.” They will later be required to teach a different group of students about the “Good” on which they are “experts.” For the first part of the activity, have students work together in their groups to determine the three most important characteristics that someone should know about their assigned “Good” as it pertains to both God’s love and marital love. Students should then list the three most important characteristics of God’s love on the side of the paper labeled “God’s Love,”

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 455 LESSON PLAN

and the three most important characteristics of marital love on the side of the paper labeled “Marital Love.” Then each student should draw a symbol that represents that “Good” as it pertains to God’s love and a symbol that represents that “Good” as it pertains to marital love. D. For the last part of the activity, arrange students in new groups of four students each. Each group should consist of a student “expert” on each of the “Goods of Marriage.” (Note: It may not be possible to distribute your students evenly. It is okay for there to be more than one student “expert” on a “Good” in a group.) Have students take turns using their folded paper to teach the other members of their group about the “Good of Marriage” on which they are an “expert.” The other students should then record the new information on their papers in the appropriate places. E. Circulate around the room and observe students as they teach each other. Assist as needed.

Activity 4

A. Have your students turn to A Unity of Two (page 225). Ask them to work with a partner to complete the activity because of the density of the material. Circulate around the room to assist as needed and to ensure understanding. B. When students have finished, review and discuss the correct answers to A Unity of Two together. Due to the nature of the world we live in, some questions may naturally arise. Below are some suggestions for responding to some common questions. Remember to be gentle, but firm in upholding the Church’s teaching. ӹӹ If questions arise about homosexuality: Reaffirm that God made us man and woman, SAMPLEand that men and women are made to be complementary to each other and to be a natural fit for one another. Homosexual acts are contrary to God’s design for human sexuality and for our bodies.

ӹӹ If questions arise about in vitro fertilization or adoption by homosexual couples: Reaffirm that God’s design is for life to come into existence from the unity between a man and a woman. In vitro fertilization and other medical technologies are contrary to God’s plan for sexual love and procreation. ӹӹ If question arise about sex in general: Reaffirm that sexual love is a good created by God to be an expression of the unity and love between one man and one woman in the context of a faithful marriage. Naturally, sexual love is open to the creation of new life — children.

SAMPLE Get Ready for the Next Session Photocopy and cut out the cards on Catechist Resource: Catholic Wisdom on Faith, Hope, and Love (page 483 in this guide). You will need three or four cards for each pair of students. Prepare the Online Sophia SketchPad Marriage video found at SophiaSketchPad.org. Bring index cards. Review the upcoming session.

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 457 Answer Key 1. True

2. True

3. True

4. False

5. True

6. True

7. True

8. False

SAMPLE

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 459 Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers.

2. Accept reasoned answers.

3. The Church.

SAMPLE

460 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 4. These words are said by the priest just before Communion at each Holy Mass.

5. From his side. Students may make the connection that Eve, Adam’s bride, was formed from his side, and the Church, Jesus’ Bride, was formed from His side.

SAMPLE

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 461 SAMPLE

462 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Because it has existed since the beginning of time; it is in our human nature.

2. They were both created in the image and likeness of God, close to each other’s hearts.

3. The Wedding Feast of the Lamb — it is the eternal celebration of Christ united to His Bride, the Church.

SAMPLE

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 463 Answer Key 4. At a wedding.

Reflection Question:

At a wedding, husband and wife become one flesh. It is a perfect setting for Jesus to announce that the time has come for God’s relationship with His people to be restored.

SAMPLE

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 465 SAMPLE

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 467 Answer Key 1. God chose for man and woman to be together.

2. Animals and humans don’t share the same humanity.

SAMPLE

4. Their differences fit with each other.

5. Have children.

6. Physically, spiritually, emotionally, socially, and so forth. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Complement each other for family life.

SAMPLE

Session 29: The Story of Holy Matrimony 469 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Marriage forms an unbreakable ӹӹ Discuss quotations on faith, hope, bond of love betweenSAMPLE husband and and love. the wife. ӹӹ Keep track of what they learned ӹӹ Marriage is unique among the about Holy Matrimony on the large Sacraments in that the recipients classroom chart. of Holy Matrimony are also the ӹӹ Consider the importance of family. ministers of the Sacrament. ӹӹ Watch the Sophia SketchPad ӹӹ The scriptural basis, matter, Marriage video. form, minister, and effects of the ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on Sacrament of Holy Matrimony. Holy Matrimony.

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 471 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Graces of Marriage (page 227) ӹӹ The Importance of Family (page 231) ӹӹ Holy Matrimony Graphic Organizer (page 229)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Catholic Wisdom on Faith, Hope, and Love (page 483 in this guide) ӹӹ Sophia SketchPad Marriage video found at SophiaSketchPad.org ӹӹ Index cards

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Charity: ӹӹ Indissoluble: Incapable of being undone or broken; permanent. Because it is a total gift of self, the bond of marriageSAMPLE is unbreakable and permanent.

Prayer for this session: O my sweet Jesus, eternal wisdom, I am yours, and all I have is yours, through Mary your mother. Amen.

Note: Before class, photocopy and cut out the cards on Catechist Resource: Catholic Wisdom on Faith, Hope, and Love (page 483 in this guide). You will need three or four cards for each pair of students.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. If needed, review what the theological virtues are: supernatural virtues that we receive from God in Baptism and are the source of many other virtues. (For example, fortitude is rooted in hope, justice is rooted in love, and so forth.) C. Ask your students to name the theological virtues, and list them on the board: faith, hope, and love (also called charity). D. Read aloud to your students Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 1827: The practice of all the virtues is animated and inspired by charity, which “binds everything together in perfect harmony”; it is the form of the virtues; it articulates and orders them among themselves; it is the source and the goal of their Christian practice. Charity upholds and purifies our human ability to love, and raises it to the supernatural perfection of Divine Love. E. Put students in pairs and give each pair three or four cards from Catechist Resource: Catholic Wisdom on Faith, Hope, and Love (page 483 in this guide). Have them discuss the quotations and answer two questions: (1) How would you put this quote in your own words, and (2) How might this Catholic wisdom lead to joy, peace, and mercy in a marriage? F. Debrief as a large group,SAMPLE and ask what a marriage in which the spouses cultivate these virtues would look like. Explain that the fruits of charity (love) are joy, peace, and mercy (CCC 1829), and conclude that in a marriage rooted in virtue, the spouses and their children are joyful, at peace, and merciful to one another, ultimately reflecting with each other God’s love for us.

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 473 LESSON PLAN

Activity 1

A. Have students read The Graces of Marriage (page 227) and answer the questions. B. Go over the answers to the questions as a class.

Activity 2

A. Have students turn to Holy Matrimony Graphic Organizer (page 229) and use their worksheets and the given quotations from the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete Holy Matrimony Graphic Organizer. B. Lead the class in filling in your larger classroom version of the chart to review the answers to Holy Matrimony Graphic Organizer.

Activity 3

A. Ask your students from whom they learned many important things, such as how to walk and talk and eat. (If they don’t say “parents” or “family,” keep prompting them: “Really? You didn’t learn ANYTHING before you started kindergarten?”) Explain that not only do we learn how to walk and talk from our parents, but the family is the first place we learn about how to love and give of ourselves to help others. B. Have your students turn to The Importance of Family SAMPLE(page 231). This is an excerpt from the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, which is a challenging read with vocabulary likely above the students’ reading level. Explain that some of the words might be used in ways they haven’t heard before. Relevant definitions are provided and worked into the questions. Have students work in pairs or in trios so that they can help each other. Circulate around the room to ensure understanding of the words and to assist as needed. C. When students have completed The Importance of Family, review and discuss the correct answers.

Activity 4

Show students the Sophia SketchPad Marriage video found at SophiaSketchPad.org.

Activity 5

A. Read aloud to your students Matthew 19:3-8. B. Ask your students how Jesus responds to the Pharisees’ first question about the lawfulness of divorce. He quotes the Scripture passages in Genesis that explain the creation of mankind as male and female and how God joined them together to become one flesh in marriage. Therefore, what God has joined together, no human being must separate. Man cannot and should not undo that which God has made. C. Ask what reason Jesus gives for why Moses allowed divorce. It is because of the hardness of our hearts. Our own stubbornness and refusal to follow God’s divine law was what led to Moses’ allowance of divorce. D. Ask students what they think the most important part of Jesus’ response is. Accept reasoned answers.

EXPLAIN to students that the most important part of Jesus’ answer is the last line, “from the beginning it was not so.” Whatever the state of marriage in our world today, it was not how God created or intended it to be. Jesus suffered and died on the Cross to save us from sin — and all of its effects, which includes the effects of sin on marriage. Marriage forms an unbreakable bond of love between the husband and the wife. From the beginning, this was God’s plan for man and woman, for marriage and for family. Note: This is a sensitive topic to discuss. Many students today come from different family situations that may include divorce and remarriage or single parents. It is important to be compassionate to these situations and affirm the goodness and love that God still brings orthf from them. However, this does not minimize God’s original plan for humanity and marital love, which Jesus seeks to restore in ourSAMPLE hearts. E. Give students all but five minutes of the remaining class time to work on their Jeopardy questions. F. When five minutes remain, have students return to the Holy Matrimony Pre-Assessment (page 215) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right-hand column. G. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. H. Close with a class discussion asking what new things students have learned about Holy Matrimony, and answering any lingering questions they might have.

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 475 LESSON PLAN

Get Ready for the Next Session Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 477 Answer Key 1. An indissoluble bond.

2. Until the death of one of the spouses.

3. Joy, peace, and mercy.

4. Because people cannot undo a bond God Himself has made.

Reflection Question: Responses should reflect an understanding of the self-giving, sacrificial love required in marriage. Spouses deny themselves because they put each other’s good ahead of their own. They must bear each other’s burdens and give their lives to each other, as Christ gave His life for humanity. SAMPLE

478 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. The creation of Adam and Eve; and Jesus’ preaching on the unity and indissolable bond of marriage. See Genesis 2:18-25 and Matthew 19:06.

2. Marriage is based on the consent of the spouses, in which they mutually give themselves to each other.

3. The spouses declare their consent.

4. Graces to perfect the spouses’ love for one another, to help each love the other as Christ loves His Church, and protect their indissoluble SAMPLE union; grace to help one another be holy and to welcome and educate their children, and to sanctify them on their way to eternal life.

5. The spouses.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 479 SAMPLE

480 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. A cradle is a bed for an infant; it’s a protected place for him or her to sleep; the family is a protected place for children.

2. A “person” begins the moment life is conceived in the womb.

3. Sharing life with other people.

SAMPLE

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 481 Answer Key 4. With the man and woman (husband/ wife, mother/ father).

5. Develop potentialities, become aware of dignity, prepare to face destiny.

6. Answers will vary (send you to school, help you read, enroll you in sports teams/ piano lessons, take trips, etc.).

7. Answers vary (do chores, take care of younger siblings, do homework).

8. Family is where we spend most of our time, and it prepares us for the world. SAMPLE

Let love be sincere; hate what is evil, hold on to what is good.

LOVE ROMANS 12:9

“You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.” The second is this: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” LOVE There is no other commandment greater than these.

MARK 12:30-31

Love is patient, love is kind. It is not jealous, [love] is not pompous, it is not inflated, it is not rude, it does not seek its own interests, it is not quick-tempered, it does not brood over injury, it does not rejoice over wrongdoing but rejoices with the truth. It bears all

LOVE things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never fails. If there are prophecies, they will be brought to nothing; if tongues, they will cease; if knowledge, it will be brought to nothing. SAMPLE1 CORINTHIANS 13:4-8

There is no fear in love, but perfect love drives out fear because fear has to do with punishment, and so one who fears is not yet perfect in love. LOVE 1 JOHN 4:18

Session 30: Living the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony 483 484

LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE LOVE Pure love ...knows that only onethingisneeded toplease God:todo Lord, grant notsomuch seek...to that beloved Imight as tolove. even thesmallestthingsoutof great love -love, andalways love. The proof of love isintheworks. love exists, it Where works great things.But whenit ceases toact, it ceases toexist. everyone by wholoves Godandknows isbegotten God. Beloved, let uslove oneanother, because love isof God; There isnoplace for selfishness—andnoplace for fear! ...Do notbeafraid, then,whenlove makes demands. Do notbeafraid whenlove requires sacrifice. SAMPLEWe cannot alldogreat things,butwe can do smallthingswith great love. POPE ST. GREGORY THEGREAT ST. TERESAOF CALCUTTA POPE ST. JOHN PAUL II ST. OF ASSISI FRANCIS ST. FAUSTINA 1 JOHN 4:7 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Se ssion FAITH FAITH FAITH FAITH FAITH FAITH 30:L i v ing seed, you willsay tothismountain, “Move from here tothere,”

th Amen, Isay toyou, ifyou have faith thesize of amustard In allcircumstances, holdfaith asashield,toquench e Sa For by grace you have been saved faith, and through and it willmove. Nothing willbeimpossiblefor you.” Faith istobelieve what you donotsee; thereward cr SAMPLE Faith istherealization of what ishoped for this is not from you; it is the gift of God. this isnotfrom you; it isthegift all [the] flamingarrows of the evil one. a of thisfaith istosee what you believe. m For we walk by faith, notby sight. e and evidence of thingsnotseen. nt

of H 2 CORINTHIANS 5:7 oly MATTHEW 17:20 EPHESIANS 6:16 ST. AUGUSTINE EPHESIANS 2:8 HEBREWS 11:1 Ma trimony 485 486

HOPE FAITH FAITH FAITH FAITH God who gives us the victory through ourLord Jesus through Christ.Therefore, us thevictory God whogives Be faithful insmallthingsbecause it isinthemthat your strength lies. sting of death issin,andthepower of sinisthelaw. But thanksbeto Where, O death, is your victory? Where, Odeath, The Odeath, isyour Where, isyour sting? Where, victory? work of theLord, knowing that intheLord your laborisnotinvain. my beloved brothers, befirm,steadfast, always fully devoted tothe To onewhohasfaith, noexplanation isnecessary. To Where there ishatred,Where let mesow love; where there I believe though Idonotcomprehend, andIhold I believe though one without faith, noexplanation ispossible. is injury, pardon; where there isdoubt,faith. SAMPLE by faith what Icannot grasp with themind. ST. TERESAOF CALCUTTA 1 CORINTHIANS 15:55-58 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS ST. ASSISI FRANCIS ST. BERNARD © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Se ssion HOPE HOPE HOPE HOPE 30:L We musthaveWho iswhat confidence inGod, He always hasbeen, and we because mustnotbedisheartened thingsturnoutcontrary tous. i v When we findourselves insomedanger,When we mustnot lose courage, but confide muchintheLord; for where dangerisgreat, great also ing is the assistance of Him Who iscalledis theassistance ourHelper of Him Who intribulation.

th Then Joshua saidtothem,“Donotbeafraid ordismayed, e Sa be firmandsteadfast. Thisiswhat the LORD willdo Rather theLORD takes pleasure in thosewhofear him, thosewhoputtheirhopeinhismercy. cr SAMPLE to alltheenemiesagainstwhomyou fight.” a m e nt

of H oly JOSHUA 10:25 ST. AMBROSE PSALM 147:11 ST. PHILIP Ma trimony 487 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

______

What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Holy Orders is the Sacrament ӹӹ Test their knowledge of Holy Orders. through which Christ continues His ӹӹ Look at sacred art. ministry in the ChurchSAMPLE until the end ӹӹ Do an in-depth study of the of time. Sacrament of Holy Orders. ӹӹ At the Last Supper, Jesus made ӹӹ Consider how Scripture refers to the Apostles the first priests, Holy Orders. commanding them to celebrate Mass for all Christians. ӹӹ Bishops and priests are consecrated to serve in persona Christi Capitis (in the person of Christ the Head).

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 489 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ Holy Orders Pre-Assessment (page 233) ӹӹ The Story of Holy Orders (page 236) ӹӹ The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (page ӹӹ Holy Orders in Sacred Scripture (page 234) 238)

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹ ӹ Vocation: ӹӹ In Persona Christi Capitis: In the Person of Christ the Head. When an ordained priest performs his priestly function—for example, when consecrating the Eucharist—he is no longer working as himself, but rather, “in the person of Christ the Head.” When we say “the Head,” we mean the Head of the Church. It is not the priest who transforms the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, but rather, Jesus Himself, working in and through the priest.

Prayer for this session: O my Jesus, I beg you on behalf of the O Divine and Great High Priest, may whole Church: Grant it love and the light of the power of your mercy accompany your Spirit, and give powerSAMPLE to the words of them everywhere and protect them from priests so that hardened hearts might be the devil’s traps and snares which are brought to repentance and return to you, O continually being set for the souls of priests. Lord. May the power of your mercy, O Lord, Lord, give us holy priests; you yourself shatter and bring to naught all that might maintain them in holiness. tarnish the sanctity of priests, for you can do all things. – Diary of St. Faustina

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Have students turn to Holy Orders Pre-Assessment (page 233). Students should fill in the left column only and answer true or false for each statement. Let them know that it is all right for them not to know the answers to these questions yet as you will be going over this information in class. Students will fill in the right-hand column as a post-assessment in the next session to see if their knowledge has improved.

Activity 1

A. Have students turn to The Miraculous Draught of Fishes (page 234). Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. B. Explain that the word vocation, in its religious context, means a call to a state in life, such as married life, ordained priesthood, or religious life. It comes from the Latin vocare, meaning “to call.” (Words such as advocate, vocalize, provocation, and evocative contain thisSAMPLE same root.) God calls each and every one of us to holiness, and we must all discern whether we have a vocation to religious or ordained life. C. Ask the class how this painting depicts a vocation. The painting is of the call of the first disciples.

EXPLAIN that while we are all called by Jesus to follow Him and lead holy lives, the call to the Apostles was very special: He made the Apostles the first priests at the Last Supper. For the last 2,000 years, Jesus has called certain men to be His priests. D. Have students turn to The Miraculous Draught of Fishes and discuss the Conversation Questions as a class.

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 491 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Begin by calling students’ attention to all they have been learning about how the Church makes the invisible visible. Ask for a volunteer to define what a Sacrament is. Sacraments are signs instituted by Christ to give grace; they are visible signs of invisible realities. Through the Sacraments, Jesus gives us real encounters with Him.

EXPLAIN that Holy Orders is the Sacrament through which Christ continues His ministry in the Church until the end of time. Jesus became man to be with us, and He is still with us! The priesthood makes this reality visible. Called men receive the Sacrament of Holy Orders to give their lives to Jesus’ flock. Priests’ authority comes from Christ Himself. B. Take the opportunity to share your personal witness at this point, telling a story about a time a priest made Jesus’ love real and present to you in a special way. C. Have students read The Story of Holy Orders (page 236) and answer the questions.

D. Go over the answers together as a class.

Activity 3

A. Have students turn to Holy Orders in Sacred Scripture (page 238) and complete the worksheet in pairs. B. Have students share their responses with the class. SAMPLE

Get Ready for the Next Session By now you should have collected all the Jeopardy questions for each Sacrament except for Holy Orders. Select the best questions from each category to make a complete game: 2 rounds of 30 questions each, plus a final question. You may wish to assign one question randomly in each round as a “Daily Double.” You may create and play the game using a PowerPoint or by writing the categories and question dollar values on the board. Use Catechist Resource: Sacraments Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide) as a reference. The dollar values may go from $100 to $500 in the first round and $200 to $1000 in the second round. Online Jeopardy! game builders such as www.jeopardy.rocks are also available. Bring drawing paper, index cards, two bells or buzzers, and markers and/or colored pencils. Review the upcoming session.

SAMPLE

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 493 Answer Key 1. True

2. False

3. False

4. True

5. True

6. False

7. True

8. False

SAMPLE

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 495 Answer Key 1. Christ is to the left. The man standing and walking toward Christ is Andrew, and the man kneeling is Peter. James and John are on the right. 2. Accept reasoned answers. Students may say that Peter demonstrates humility, meekness, awe, or fear, and that Andrew’s body language conveys urgency, determination, strength, movement, speed. 3. Although Peter had not caught any fish, he lowered his nets at Christ’s command. When he did, his nets overflowed SAMPLE with fish, and he had to call another boat. Both boats were filled. Peter fell at Christ’s knees as astonishment “seized him and all those with him.” 4. The disciples had fished all night and had caught nothing. It was an act of faith for them to return to the deep and continue fishing. Jesus was teaching them that their ministry as “fishers of men” would depend on the grace and strength that they draw from Him. It was a lesson in faith. 5. Peter responded to Christ’s call with a proclamation of his own — to his partners in another boat. Priests tend Christ’s flock on earth by feeding them and increasing their numbers. Peter then fell at Christ’s knees declaring, “Depart from me, Lord, for I am a sinful man.” His humility and acknowledgment of his sinfulness reveals how priests and bishops depend on the grace and strength of Christ. (continued on next page)

496 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 6. “Fishers of men” is a metaphor for how the men in these roles “catch” and lead souls to be with God in Heaven.” 7. They continue the work of the Apostles and seek out souls for salvation. 8. Though Peter had not caught any fish, he lowered his nets at Christ’s command. When he did, his nets overflowed with fish, and he had to call for another boat. Both boats were filled. Peter fell at Christ’s knees in astonishment. Jesus teaches the disciples to look at Him and to rely on Him for strength to do the work of being “fishers of men.”

SAMPLE

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 497 SAMPLE

2. They were set apart in a sacred way to lead His Church.

3. In the person of Christ the Head.

4. Jesus gave Peter the authority to make decisions that would be binding on earth and in Heaven. In other words, Jesus gave him the authority to lead the Church on earth.

5. “I give you a new commandment: love one another. As I have loved you, so you also should love one another. This is how all will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one SAMPLE another” (John 13:34- 35). Priests are a sign of Christ in the world; they ought to be a living example of His self- giving love.

Reflection Question: Accept reasoned answers.

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 499 Answer Key 1. Genesis 14:18: The mysterious priest Melchizedek brings bread and wine, prefiguring Jesus Christ and the Eucharist. (See Hebrews 7: Melchizedek, a type of Christ.)

2. John 20:21-23: Jesus tells the Apostles that He sends them as God the Father had sent Him. They have the authority to forgive sins in His name. The Apostles are to represent Christ in the world.

3. Acts 6:1-6: The first seven deacons are ordained to care for widows in the growing Christian community. The SAMPLE deacons’ assistance will allow the Apostles to focus on prayer and ministry of the Word of God.

5. 1 Timothy 3:1: This verse names the office of bishop and describes it as a noble task. Bishop is the highest degree of Holy Orders.

6. 1 Timothy 4:14: Paul tells Timothy to cherish the gift of his ordination and describes the rite.

7. 2 Timothy 1:6: Paul reminds Timothy of his responsibilities that come with his ordination and again describes the rite.

8. Titus 1:5: Paul reminds Titus SAMPLE that he has directed him to ordain new priests. This direction was aimed at strengthening Titus’s authority based on his connection to Christ through the Apostles (Apostolic Succession).

Session 31: The Story of Holy Orders 501 Notes ______

______

______SAMPLE ______

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What students will learn: What students will do: ӹӹ Bishops and their collaborators, ӹӹ Write thank you letters to the parish priests, are the successorsSAMPLE of the priest. Apostles. ӹӹ Keep track of what they learned ӹӹ The authority that bishops and about Holy Orders on the large priests are given to act in the person classroom chart. of Christ, the Head of the Church, ӹӹ Read Scripture. comes from Jesus Himself. ӹӹ Write five Jeopardy questions on ӹӹ The scriptural basis, matter, Holy Orders. form, minister, and effects of the ӹӹ Play a Sacraments Jeopardy game. Sacrament of Holy Orders.

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 503 Session at a Glance

Workbook pages your students will complete: ӹӹ The Ministerial Priesthood (page 240) ӹӹ Holy Orders Graphic Organizer (page ӹӹ Feed My Sheep (page 243) 246)

Other materials you will need: ӹӹ Catechist Resource: Sacraments ӹӹ Markers and/or colored pencils Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide) ӹӹ Index cards ӹӹ Drawing paper ӹӹ Two bells or buzzers

Vocabulary your students will learn: ӹӹ Ministerial Priesthood: The ordained priesthood who share in the priesthood of Christ by acting in persona Christi capitas, that is, in the person of Christ, the head. These men do not preach, sanctify, and govern by the own authority, but rather, by the authority given them by Christ, the head of the Church, to act in His person. SAMPLE Prayer for this session: Lord Jesus, you promised you would always be with us. Thank you for being with us in the Sacraments. Amen

Note: By now you should have collected all the Jeopardy questions for each Sacrament except for Holy Orders. Select the best questions from each category to make a complete game: 2 rounds of 30 questions each, plus a final question. You may wish to assign one question randomly in each round as a “Daily Double.” You may create and play the game using a PowerPoint or by writing the categories and question dollar values on the board. Use Catechist Resource: Sacraments Jeopardy (page 334 in this guide) as a reference. The dollar values may go from $100 to $500 in the first round and $200 to $1000 in the second round. Online Jeopardy! game builders such as www.jeopardy.rocks are also available.

Warm-Up

A. Begin with the prayer for this session. B. Ask students to list the ways their parish priest serves them and their parish communities. Accept reasoned answers as well as examples that are unique to your parish. Duties should include, administer the Sacraments, preach at Mass, teach in school, speak out against various injustices in society, advocate for the poor and the vulnerable, bury the dead, govern their parish. C. Have student volunteers tell any stories they may have shared with their parish priest. D. Make drawing paper, markers, and/or colored pencils available. Tell students that they are now going to write letters to their parish priest thanking him for everything he has done to serve them. E. Collect the letters whenSAMPLE they are finished and let students know that you will pass on their letters to their parish priest.

Activity 1

Have students, in pairs, read The Ministerial Priesthood (page 240) and discuss the Conversation Questions together as a class.

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 505 LESSON PLAN

Activity 2

A. Put students into pairs and have them turn to Feed My Sheep (page 243). In the left-hand space, students should write personal qualities revealed about Jesus Christ in each passage. On the right, they should write qualities that each passage makes them think bishops and priests ought to have, based on the example of Christ. B. Have student volunteers share their responses to Feed My Sheep.

Activity 3

A. Have students turn to Holy Orders Graphic Organizer (page 246) and use their worksheets and the given quotations from the Catechism of the Catholic Church to complete it. B. Lead the class in filling in your larger classroom version of the chart to review the answers to Holy Orders Graphic Organizer.

Activity 4

A. Distribute index cards and give students time to work on their Jeopardy questions for the Sacrament of Holy Orders. Remind students to initial their cards so you can keep track of their SAMPLEunderstanding. B. Then have students return to the Holy Orders Pre-Assessment (page 233) from the last session and answer true or false for each statement on the right-hand column. C. Review answers and ask students to raise their hands if any of their answers changed. D. Hold a brief discussion asking what new things students have learned about Confirmation, and answering any lingering questions they might have.

Activity 5

Play Sacraments Jeopardy! using questions students created throughout the unit. Suggested directions for game play: ӹӹ The goal is to win the most “money” by answering questions correctly. ӹӹ Divide the class in half. Give a spokesperson for each group a bell or a buzzer. ӹӹ Assign a scorekeeper. ӹӹ Toss a coin to see who goes first. The spokesman for the winning team selects the first question. ӹӹ Erase the dollar value for the question selected, and read the question. ӹӹ The first person to buzz in can answer. Allow teams 15 seconds to discuss their answer. Correct answers earn the dollar value for the team; wrong answers deduct the dollar value from the team’s score. ӹӹ If the team to buzz in answers incorrectly, the other team has 15 seconds to answer. ӹӹ The winner of that question (or if there is no winner, the team who selected the last question selects the next question). ӹӹ Proceed until all questions have been answered.

SAMPLE

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 507 SAMPLE

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 509 Answer Key 1. The type of priesthood Jesus established in the Sacrament of Holy Orders by setting apart and consecrating His Twelve Apostles to act in persona Christi Capitis.

2. The bishops. They can do these things only by Jesus Christ’s authority.

3. Bishop, priest, and deacon.

4. God created man and woman in His own image and likeness. Moreover, we are all equally saved by faith in Jesus Christ and Baptism.

5. Our founding documents reference our SAMPLE God-given equality, and our system of justice acknowledges our equality under law.

6. The answer to all of the examples is no.

7. A Sacrament would no longer be a gift — a gift is freely given.

8. Accept reasoned answers.

2. Christ gives generously and abundantly; bishops and priests should work with others in a collegial way.

3. Christ is forgiving; bishops and priests should be humble and know Christ is the source of their strength.

SAMPLE

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 511 Answer Key 4. Christ is bold, clear, and loving; bishops and priests should leave behind a worldly life to follow him and become “fishers of men.”

5. Qualities of both: compassionate, strong, merciful, unafraid to rebuke sinners: “Do not sin anymore.”

SAMPLE

512 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 6. Christ is humble, a servant leader. He cleanses: “Unless I wash you, you will have no inheritance with me.” Bishops and priests are also humble servant-leaders who baptize people into new life in Christ.

7. Christ is firm, direct, patient, and clear. Bishops and priests should be the same and follow Christ’s command to tend and feed His sheep with spiritual guidance, and by ensuring that they receive the Eucharist. SAMPLE

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 513 Answer Key 1. The Last Supper. St. Paul instructs his disciples to appoint presbyters (priests). See I Corinthians 11:26; 1 Timothy 3:1; 2 Timothy 1:6; and Titus 1:5.

2. The consecratory prayer of the bishop asking God for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the gifts appropriate for either bishop, priest, or deacon.

3. The bishop lays hands on the man being ordained.

4. Being enabled to act as a representative of Christ, to act in persona Christi Capitis, becoming a sharer in the SAMPLE mission entrusted to the Apostles, being configured to Christ by the Holy Spirit.

5. A bishop.

6. Accept reasoned answers.

7. Accept reasoned answers.

Session 32: Living the Sacrament of Holy Orders 515 Notes ______

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______SAMPLE ______

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