Patriarchy and Colonization
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Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: an Historical Analysis, 1804-1960
Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: An Historical Analysis, 1804-1960 by Kari Bergstrom Michigan State University Winner of the Rita S. Gallin Award for the Best Graduate Student Paper in Women and International Development Working Paper #276 October 2002 Abstract This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria. -
Social Cultural Factors Influencing Women's Participation in Sports As
Makerere Journal of Higher Education ISSN: 1816-6822; 4(2) (2013) 159 – 167 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v4i2.3 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints & permission: EASHESD East African School of http://ajol.info/majohe Higher Education Studies & Development Social Cultural Factors Influencing Women’s Participation in Sports as Perceived by Female Students of the University of Ilorin Ogidan Rotimi Joshua 1, *, Onifade Olasunkanmi Adeoye 1, Ologele Ibrahim 1 1University of Ilorin [*Corresponding author: [email protected] ] Abstract. This study investigated the socio-cultural factors influencing women’s participation in sports as perceived by female undergraduates in the University of Ilorin. Two hundred female undergraduate students residing in school halls of residence were involved in the study. These were selected using simple random sampling. A twenty-two item questionnaire based on socio-cultural factors influencing female participation in sports was administered to the respondents. The findings were that culture, family background, religion, peer grouping and gender influence females’ participation in sports. In view of this, it was recommended that government should encourage participation in sports by providing scholarship and other incentives to female athletes who excel in any sports competition while mass media should organize enlightenment programmes that will mitigate the socio-cultural factors hindering women’s involvement in sports. Keywords: Student support services; Sports participation; Gender. 1 Introduction Despite immense contributions of women to national development in Africa, they still face a number of difficulties that limit their potentials in promoting personal and collective development. Ladan (2009) opined that, for many years, society maintained a greater degree of sports competition for boys than for girls. -
Violence Against Women in Africa
ISSN 15543897 AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY & JUSTICE STUDIES: AJCJS; Volume 2, No. 1, June 2006 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN AFRICA Godpower O. Okereke, Ph.D. Professor of Criminal Justice and Sociology Texas A&M University-Texarkana 2600 N. Robison Road Texarkana, Texas 75501 Abstract The United Nations’ report on the State of the World Population 2000 (United Nations, 2000b) and studies conducted by the World Health Organization (2000a) and Amnesty International (2004) all indicate that violence against women is rampant in Africa and is increasing in some areas. The following study is an effort to highlight some of the reasons why violence against women is particularly problematic in African. The study reveals that violence against women in Africa is mainly due to the existence of discriminatory laws, prejudicial and harmful customs, traditions, beliefs and practices, and partly due to non-enforcement of gender-sensitive laws and constitutional provisions that prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. Based on these findings the author argues that a review of such discriminatory laws, enforcement of existing legislations and constitutional provisions coupled with public awareness campaigns on the part of African governments to inform the public about the ills of certain customs, Violence Against Women Godpower Okereke. traditions, beliefs and practices will help stem the tide of violence against women in Africa. Background: In a statement to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China in September 1995, the then Secretary-General of the United Nations, Boutros Boutros-Ghali said that violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemned (United Nations, 1996). -
Print Media Representation of Nigerian Women in the News: a Study of Four Selected National Newspapers
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln August 2020 PRINT MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF NIGERIAN WOMEN IN THE NEWS: A STUDY OF FOUR SELECTED NATIONAL NEWSPAPERS Aladi Alice Jonah [email protected] Okoro M. Nnanyelugo Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Jonah, Aladi Alice and Nnanyelugo, Okoro M., "PRINT MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF NIGERIAN WOMEN IN THE NEWS: A STUDY OF FOUR SELECTED NATIONAL NEWSPAPERS" (2020). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 3962. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/3962 Library Philosophy and Practice: ISSN: 1522-0222 PRINT MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF NIGERIAN WOMEN IN THE NEWS: A STUDY OF FOUR SELECTED NATIONAL NEWSPAPERS JONAH, ALICE ALADI NNANYELUGO OKORO DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA Abstract This study investigated newspaper representation of women in the news. A total of four newspapers were studied. They are Vanguard, The Punch, The Guardian and ThisDay. The duration for the study was three years (January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2017). The study was guided by three objectives and two hypotheses. Content analysis was used for the study with the code sheet as the instrument for data collection. Simple percentages were used to answer the research questions while the chi-square test of independence was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that entertainment and domestic news about women appeared more than other categories like economy, politics, education, health and the environment. -
Baby Factories": Exploitation of Women in Southern Nigeria Jacinta Chiamaka Nwaka University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence Volume 4 | Issue 2 Article 2 March 2019 "Baby Factories": Exploitation of Women in Southern Nigeria Jacinta Chiamaka Nwaka University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, [email protected] Akachi Odoemene Federal University Otuoke, Nigeria, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity Part of the African Studies Commons, Behavioral Economics Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Community-Based Research Commons, Criminology Commons, Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, Regional Economics Commons, Regional Sociology Commons, Rural Sociology Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, Social History Commons, Social Psychology and Interaction Commons, and the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Nwaka, Jacinta Chiamaka and Odoemene, Akachi (2019) ""Baby Factories": Exploitation of Women in Southern Nigeria," Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence: Vol. 4: Iss. 2, Article 2. DOI: 10.23860/dignity.2019.04.02.02 Available at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity/vol4/iss2/2https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity/vol4/iss2/2 This Research and Scholarly Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "Baby Factories": Exploitation of Women in Southern Nigeria Abstract Despite the writings of feminist thinkers and efforts of other advocates of feminism to change the dominant narratives on women, exploitation of women is a fact that has remained endemic in various parts of the world, and particularly in Africa. -
Women, Intangible Heritage and Development: Perspectives from the African Region
WOMEN, INTANGIBLE HERITAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE AFRICAN REGION. ESI SUTHERLAND-ADDY 1 WOMEN, INTANGIBLE HERITAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE AFRICAN REGION. DEFINING THE SCOPE OF WORK Terms of Reference. i) Compiling a list of institution and experts throughout the region involved in research or projects relevant to women, intangible heritage and development; ii) Informing selected organizations in the region concerned with women and development (Universities, NGO’s and other relevant organizations) of the project and requesting their expert knowledge on the subject, current activities and recommendations for future actions in this domain; iii) Surveying major and representative research and activities previously and currently being undertaken in this domain within the region; iv) Compiling an annotated bibliography of major previous and current literature on the subject to be evaluated and assessed in order to identify and prioritize further research; v) Identifying the major issues and problems in terms of safeguarding, preserving and revitalizing women’s roles in relation to intangible heritage and development and present findings in a synopsis. vi) Research enquiries into the perceived role of UNESCO, Member States and local level organizations (community – based organizations, NGO’s, etc.) will be central to formulating strategies and future actions to be incorporated in the draft project proposal of an international project, ‘Women, Intangible Heritage and Development’. Further clarification to the terms of reference provided by the coordinator of the project takes cognizance of the difficulties involved in undertaking research of such a broad nature as follows: “I would like to add that we are hoping the regional coordinators understand that, the Terms of Reference have been prepared so as to request a representative survey which selects major and representative institutions, activities and research in the domain of women, intangible heritage are 3 development for each region. -
Women's Access to Political Power in Ancient Egypt And
WOMEN’S ACCESS TO POLITICAL POWER IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND IGBOLAND: A CRITICAL STUDY A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Antwanisha V. Alameen January 2013 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Molefi Kete Asante, Advisory Chair, African American Studies Dr. Ama Mazama, African American Studies Dr. Kimmika Williams-Witherspoon, Theater Dr. Adisa Alkebulan, External Member, San Diego State University i Copyright By Antwanisha Alameen 2012 All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This is an Afrocentric examination of women’s use of agency in Ancient Egypt and Igboland. Most histories written on Kemetic women not only disconnect them from Africa but also fail to fully address the significance of their position within the political spiritual structure of the state. Additionally, the presence of matriarchy in Ancient Egypt is dismissed on the basis that patriarchy is the most visible and seemingly the most dominant form of governance. Diop contended that matriarchy was one of the key factors that connected Ancient Egypt with other parts of Africa which is best understood as the Africa’s cultural continuity theory. My research analyzes the validity of his theory by comparing how Kemetic women exercised agency in their political structure to how Igbo women exercised political agency. I identified Igbo women as a cultural group to be compared to Kemet because of their historical political resistance in their state during the colonial period. However, it is their traditional roles prior to British invasion that is most relevant to my study. I define matriarchy as the central role of the mother in the social and political function of societal structures, the political positions occupied by women that inform the decisions of the state and the inclusion of female principles within the religious-political order of the nation. -
Gender in Nigeria
Gender in Nigeria Data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) This report summarizes the gender-related findings of the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), implemented by the National Population Commission (NPC). ICF International provided financial and technical assistance for the survey through USAID-funded MEASURE DHS program, which is designed to assist developing countries to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. Financial support for the survey was provided by USAID, the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) through PATHS2, and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Additional information about the 2013 NDHS may be obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC), Plot 2031, Olusegun Obasanjo Way, Zone 7 Wuse, PMB 0281, Abuja, Nigeria (telephone: 234-09-523-9173; fax: 234- 09-523-1024; email: [email protected]; internet: www.population.gov. ng). Additional information about The DHS Program may be obtained from ICF International, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850 USA (telephone: 301-407-6500; fax: 301-407-6501; e-mail: [email protected]; internet: www.DHSprogram.com). Suggested citation: National Population Commission [Nigeria] and ICF International. 2014. Gender in Nigeria: Data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Rockville, Maryland, USA: National Population Commission and ICF International. Cover photograph: © 2012 Akintunde Akinleye/NURHI, Courtesy of Photoshare Table of Contents -
CSW) 56 Women, Peace and Security Perspective
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) Summary Report Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) 56 Women, Peace and Security Perspective Content 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Background on CSW55 and Women, Peace and Security (WPS)........................................................1 3. Outcomes from CSW56....................................................................................................2 4. Women, Peace and Security at CSW56 ...............................................................................2 5. WILPF at CSW56 …………………………………………………………………….3 5. Summaries from Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Events at CSW56.............................................3 6. Reporters ...........................................................................................................................................17 7. Useful links.......................................................................................................................................18 1. Introduction This document provides a summary of CSW56 events from a Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Perspective. The 56th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) took place at United Nations Headquarters in New York from Monday, 27 February to Friday, 9 March 2012. This session focused on the theme of "the empowerment of rural women and their role in poverty and hunger eradication, development -
Gender Studies and Geography in Anglophone African Countries Ontwikkelingen in Gender En Geografie in Angelsaksisch Afrika
Belgeo Revue belge de géographie 3 | 2007 Feminist geographies around the world Challenging contexts : Gender studies and geography in Anglophone African countries Ontwikkelingen in gender en geografie in Angelsaksisch Afrika Mariama Awumbila Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/11172 DOI: 10.4000/belgeo.11172 ISSN: 2294-9135 Publisher: National Committee of Geography of Belgium, Société Royale Belge de Géographie Printed version Date of publication: 30 September 2007 Number of pages: 261-274 ISSN: 1377-2368 Electronic reference Mariama Awumbila, « Challenging contexts : Gender studies and geography in Anglophone African countries », Belgeo [Online], 3 | 2007, Online since 11 December 2013, connection on 22 May 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/11172 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.11172 This text was automatically generated on 22 May 2020. Belgeo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Challenging contexts : Gender studies and geography in Anglophone African cou... 1 Challenging contexts : Gender studies and geography in Anglophone African countries Ontwikkelingen in gender en geografie in Angelsaksisch Afrika Mariama Awumbila The author appreciates the assistance of the editors of this BELGEO special issue on gender in identifying material about gender studies in South Africa. Introduction 1 Like elsewhere in the world, gender equity is increasingly gaining legitimacy in Anglophone African countries as an essential and critical dimension of sustainable development and cultural politics. Until the last two decades, however, feminist studies by geographers in this part of the world have not been very visible. Certainly, this situation was not peculiar to geography, but reflected national contexts where there was very little focus on gender in teaching, research and national development. -
African Women and Development: Gender in the Lagos Plan of Action
Abstract The Lagos Plan of Action is the first document by African leaders that recognizes the centrality of women to the development process. It raises African Women important questions about the status of women and calls for real change. and Gains are being made, but the problems facing women will not disappear with good intentions or even specific projects. Sexual equality Development: challenges one of the most fundamental aspects of human society - the Gender in the sexual division of labor. To encourage change, development plans must Lagos Plan acknowledge the link between women's problems and society. While of Action the Plan goes further than any previous African document towards recognizing this fact, it still under-estimates the difficulties facing advocates of sexual equality in Africa and elsewhere. by About the Author Jane L. Jane L. Parpart is an assistant professor in the Department of History, Parpart Dalhousie University. Her most recent work considers the implications of class and gender in the northern Rhodesian Copperbelt and the influence of working class wives on collective labor action. Dr. Parpart's book, Labor and Capital on the African Copperbelt, was Dalhousie published by Temple University Press in 1983. University Working Paper Womeu and International Development #87 Michigan State University May 1985 202 International Center, East Lansing, MI 48824-1035 Phone: 517/353-5040; Fax: 517/432-4845 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: http://www.isp.msu.edulWIDI See back page for ordering information and call for papers AFRICAN WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT: GENDER IN THE LAGOS PLAN OF ACTION It was pointed out that actions taken during the first half of the Women's Decade were not enough, in spite of efforts which have been made in Africa ••. -
DUTY and DEFIANCE 1 Offer Women Opportunities to Advance Community Welfare, Exercise Political Power and Transcend Their Proscribed Domestic Roles
Duty and Defiance Women in Community Based Armed Groups in West Africa Dr. Jakana Thomas RESOLVE NETWORK | March 2021 Community Based Armed Groups Series https://doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.1 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................2 EXISTING LITERATURE ON WOMEN’S FORMAL PARTICIPATION IN VIOLENT POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS .........................................................................4 EXISTING ACCOUNTS OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN WEST AFRICAN CBAGS ....................................................................................................8 HOW HAVE WOMEN PARTICIPATED IN CBAGS? ...............................................................9 WHEN DO WOMEN PARTICIPATE IN CBAGS? ................................................................ 11 SUPPLY-SIDE EXPLANATIONS ....................................................................................... 12 DEMAND-SIDE EXPLANATIONS .................................................................................... 15 HOW DO WOMEN INFLUENCE CBAGS INDIRECTLY? .................................................... 21 COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN CBAGS ................... 23 CONSIDERATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE ............................................................ 28 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................