The Roles of Interoceptive Sensitivity and Metacognitive
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The Relationships Between Interoception and Alexithymic Trait
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 07 August 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01149 The relationships between interoception and alexithymic trait. The Self-Awareness Questionnaire in healthy subjects Mariachiara Longarzo 1*, Francesca D’Olimpio 1, Angela Chiavazzo 1, Gabriella Santangelo 1, 2, Luigi Trojano 1 and Dario Grossi 1* 1 Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy, 2 Hermitage Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy Interoception is the basic process enabling evaluation of one’s own bodily states. Several previous studies suggested that altered interoception might be related to disorders in the ability to perceive and express emotions, i.e., alexithymia, and to defects in perceiving and Edited by: describing one’s own health status, i.e., hypochondriasis. The main aim of the present Olga Pollatos, University of Ulm, Germany study was to investigate the relationships between alexithymic trait and interoceptive Reviewed by: abilities evaluated by the “Self-Awareness Questionnaire” (SAQ), a novel self-report tool Glenn Carruthers, for assessing interoceptive awareness. Two hundred and fifty healthy subjects completed Macquarie University, Australia the SAQ, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items (TAS-20), and a questionnaire to assess Neil Gerald Muggleton, National Central University, Taiwan hypochondriasis, the Illness Attitude Scale (IAS). The SAQ showed a two-factor structure, -
Exposure and Cognitive Interventions for Anxiety 1
Exposure and Cognitive Interventions for Anxiety 1 Running head: EXPOSURE AND COGNITIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR ANXIETY Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Interventions for the Anxiety Disorders: Overview and Newer Third Generation Perspectives John P. Forsyth, Velma Barrios, and Dean T. Acheson University at Albany, State University of New York Forsyth, J. P., Barrios, V., & Acheson, D. (2007). Exposure therapy and cognitive interventions for the anxiety disorders: Overview and newer third-generation perspectives. In D. C. S. Richard & D. Lauterbach (Eds.), Handbook of the exposure therapies (pp. 61-108). New York: Academic Press. Exposure and Cognitive Interventions for Anxiety 2 Author Biosketches John P. Forsyth, Ph.D. John P. Forsyth, Ph.D. earned his Ph.D. degree in clinical psychology from West Virginia University in 1997, after serving as Chief Resident in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He is an Associate Professor and Director of the Anxiety Disorders Research Program in the Department of Psychology at the University at Albany, SUNY. His basic and applied research focuses on variables and processes that contribute to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety-related disorders. He has written widely on acceptance and experiential avoidance, and the role of emotion regulatory processes in the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Dr. Forsyth was the recipient of the 2000 B. F. Skinner New Research Award by Division 25 of the American Psychological Association and the 1999 Outstanding Dissertation Award by the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology. He has authored over 50 scientific journal articles, numerous book chapters, and several teaching supplements for courses in abnormal psychology. -
Interoception: the Sense of the Physiological Condition of the Body AD (Bud) Craig
500 Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body AD (Bud) Craig Converging evidence indicates that primates have a distinct the body share. Recent findings that compel a conceptual cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity that reflects all shift resolve these issues by showing that all feelings from aspects of the physiological condition of all tissues of the body. the body are represented in a phylogenetically new system This interoceptive system, associated with autonomic motor in primates. This system has evolved from the afferent control, is distinct from the exteroceptive system (cutaneous limb of the evolutionarily ancient, hierarchical homeostatic mechanoreception and proprioception) that guides somatic system that maintains the integrity of the body. These motor activity. The primary interoceptive representation in the feelings represent a sense of the physiological condition of dorsal posterior insula engenders distinct highly resolved the entire body, redefining the category ‘interoception’. feelings from the body that include pain, temperature, itch, The present article summarizes this new view; more sensual touch, muscular and visceral sensations, vasomotor detailed reviews are available elsewhere [1,2]. activity, hunger, thirst, and ‘air hunger’. In humans, a meta- representation of the primary interoceptive activity is A homeostatic afferent pathway engendered in the right anterior insula, which seems to provide Anatomical characteristics the basis for the subjective image of the material self as a feeling Cannon [3] recognized that the neural processes (auto- (sentient) entity, that is, emotional awareness. nomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral) that maintain opti- mal physiological balance in the body, or homeostasis, must Addresses receive afferent inputs that report the condition of the Atkinson Pain Research Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, tissues of the body. -
The Link Between Interoceptive Processing and Anxiety in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Extending Adult findings Into a T Developmental Sample ⁎ E.R
Biological Psychology 136 (2018) 13–21 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Psychology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biopsycho The link between interoceptive processing and anxiety in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: Extending adult findings into a T developmental sample ⁎ E.R. Palsera,b, , A. Fotopouloua, E. Pellicanoc,d, J.M. Kilnerb a Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London (UCL), London, UK b Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK c Centre for Research in Autism and Education, UCL Institute of Education, UCL, London, UK d School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Anxiety is a major associated feature of autism spectrum disorders. The incidence of anxiety symptoms in this Interoception population has been associated with altered interoceptive processing. Here, we investigated whether recent Anxiety findings of impaired interoceptive accuracy (quantified using heartbeat detection tasks) and exaggerated in- Autism spectrum disorders teroceptive sensibility (subjective sensitivity to internal sensations on self-report questionnaires) in autistic Developmental disorders adults, can be extended into a school-age sample of children and adolescents (n = 75). Half the sample had a verified diagnosis of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and half were IQ- and age-matched children and adolescents without ASD. The discrepancy between an individual’s score on these two facets of interoception (interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility), conceptualized as an interoceptive trait prediction error, was previously found to predict anxiety symptoms in autistic adults. We replicated the finding of reduced in- teroceptive accuracy in autistic participants, but did not find exaggerated interoceptive sensibility relative to non-autistic participants. -
Cognitive Restructuring and Interoceptive Exposure in the Treatment of Panic Disorder: a Crossover Study
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1998, 26, 115±131 Cambridge University Press. Printed in the United Kingdom COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING AND INTEROCEPTIVE EXPOSURE IN THE TREATMENT OF PANIC DISORDER: A CROSSOVER STUDY Jeffrey E. Hecker University of Maine, U.S.A. Christine M. Fink Maine Head Trauma Center, U.S.A. Nancy D. Vogeltanz University of North Dakota, U.S.A. Geoffrey L. Thorpe and Sandra T. Sigmon University of Maine, U.S.A. Abstract. The relative ef®cacy of cognitive restructuring and interoceptive exposure procedures for the treatment of panic disorder, as well as the differential effects of the order of these interventions, was studied. Eighteen clients with panic disorder were seen for four sessions of exposure therapy and four sessions of cognitive therapy in a cross- over design study. Half of the participants received exposure therapy followed by cogni- tive therapy and for half the order was reversed. There was a 1-month follow-up period between the two interventions and after the second intervention. Questionnaire meas- ures and independent clinician ratings were used to assess outcome. Participants expected greater bene®t from cognitive therapy, but tended to improve to a similar degree with either intervention. The order in which treatments were presented did not in¯uence outcome. Participants tended to improve with the ®rst intervention and main- tain improvement across the follow-up periods and subsequent intervention. Several methodological limitations qualify the conclusions that can be drawn from this study. These limitations, as well as some conceptual and methodological challenges of con- ducting this type of research, are discussed. -
Physical Exercise As Interoceptive Exposure Within a Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety-Sensitive Women
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly Volume 22, Number 4 • 2008 Physical Exercise as Interoceptive Exposure Within a Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety-Sensitive Women Brigitte C. Sabourin, BA Sherry H. Stewart, PhD Simon B. Sherry, PhD Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Margo C. Watt, PhD Dalhousie University, Halifax, and St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada Jaye Wald, PhD University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Valerie V. Grant, BA Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada A brief cognitive-behavioral treatment intervention that included an interoceptive exposure (IE) component was previously demonstrated effective in decreasing fear of anxiety-related sensations in high anxiety-sensitive (AS) women (see Watt, Stewart, Birch, & Bernier, 2006). The present process-based study explored the specific role of the IE component, consist- ing of 10 minutes of physical exercise (i.e., running) completed on 10 separate occasions, in explaining intervention efficacy. Affective and cognitive reactions and objective physiological reactivity to the running, recorded after each IE trial, were initially higher in the 20 high-AS participants relative to the 28 low-AS participants and decreased over IE trials in high-AS but not in low-AS participants. In contrast, self-reported somatic reactions, which were initially greater in the high-AS participants, decreased equally in both AS groups over IE trials. Findings were consistent with the theorized cognitive and/or habituation pathways to decreased AS. Keywords: anxiety sensitivity; physical exercise; interoceptive exposure; cognitive behavioral approach nxiety sensitivity (AS) is defined as the fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations arising from beliefs that these sensations have harmful physical, psychological, and/or social A consequences (Reiss, 1991). -
Testing the Independence of Self-Reported Interoceptive Accuracy
Running head: The interoceptive accuracy scale Word count: 10102 words (2 tables; 4 Figures) Submission date: 25/01/2019; Revision date 13/05/2019; Revision date 10/07/2019 Testing the independence of self-reported interoceptive accuracy and attention Jennifer Murphy1, Rebecca Brewer2, David Plans3, Sahib S Khalsa4, 5, Caroline Catmur6, Geoffrey Bird1,3 1Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London 2Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London 3Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford 4Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, USA 5Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, USA 6Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London *Corresponding author: [email protected] + 44 (0) 207 848 5410 Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience - PO80 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom, SE5 8AF 1 Abstract It has recently been proposed that measures of the perception of the state of one’s own body (‘interoception’) can be categorized as one of several types depending on both how an assessment is obtained (objective measurement vs. self-report) and what is assessed (degree of interoceptive attention vs accuracy of interoceptive perception). Under this model, a distinction is made between beliefs regarding the degree to which interoceptive signals are the object of attention, and beliefs regarding one’s ability to perceive accurately interoceptive signals. This distinction is difficult to test, however, because of the paucity of measures designed to assess self-reported perception of one’s own interoceptive accuracy. -
Interoceptive Exposure: an Overlooked Modality in the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of OCD
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 25 (2018) 145-155 www.elsevier.com/locate/cabp Interoceptive Exposure: An Overlooked Modality in the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of OCD Shannon M. Blakey and Jonathan S. Abramowitz, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Accumulated research implicates anxiety sensitivity (AS) as a transdiagnostic construct important to the maintenance of OCD. Yet despite the clinical implications of targeting fears of body-related sensations during treatment, interoceptive exposure (IE) is an often-overlooked therapeutic procedure in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of OCD. In this article, we discuss the rationale for—and procedures of—addressing AS during treatment for OCD. We provide two case examples, illustrating how a clinician might approach clinical assessment, case formulation, and treatment planning with each of these patients. We conclude by discussing future research directions to better understand if (and how) targeting AS during therapy might enhance OCD treatment outcome. The Nature and Treatment of OCD causing or preventing harm; OCCWG; 1997, 2001, 2003, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychological 2005). Specifically, obsessions are thought to develop condition that is characterized by obsessions (i.e., unwanted, when normally occurring unwanted intrusive thoughts intrusive, and anxiety-provoking, thoughts, images, im- (i.e., thoughts, images, and impulses that intrude into pulses, or doubts) and/or compulsions (i.e., urges to per- consciousness) are (mis)appraised as significant and form repetitive, deliberate rituals and other anxiety- harmful based on obsessive beliefs. Compulsive rituals reduction strategies to offset feared consequences and/or and avoidance subsequently develop as efforts to remove neutralize obsessional fear; American Psychiatric Association intrusions and prevent feared consequences, yet are [APA], 2013). -
Enhancing Human Emotions with Interoceptive Technologies
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics of Life Reviews 31 (2019) 310–319 www.elsevier.com/locate/plrev Review Enhancing human emotions with interoceptive technologies ∗ F. Schoeller a,b, ,1, A.J.H. Haar a,1, A. Jain a,1, P. Maes a a Fluid Interfaces Group, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA b Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, Paris, France Available online 25 October 2019 Communicated by Felix Schoeller Abstract Historically, multiple theories have posited an active, causal role for perceived bodily states in the creation of human emotion. Recent evidence for embodied cognition, i.e. the role of the entire body in cognition, and support for models positing a key role of bodily homeostasis in the creation of consciousness, i.e. active inference, call for the test of causal rather than correlational links be- tween changes in bodily state and changes in affective state. The controlled stimulation of body signals underlying human emotions and the constant feedback loop between actual and expected sensations during interoceptive processing allows for intervention on higher cognitive functioning. Somatosensory interfaces and emotion prosthesis modulating body perception and human emotions through interoceptive illusions offer new experimental and clinical tools for affective neuroscience. Here, we review challenges in the affective and interoceptive neurosciences, in the light of these novel technologies designed to open avenues for applied research and clinical intervention. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Interoception; Interoceptive illusions; Cognitive augmentation; Aesthetic chills; Emotion prosthesis; Human-computer interfaces 1. Introduction The process of interoception, whereby our nervous system integrates and unifies bodily information, has received extensive attention in recent years. -
1 What Do Measures of Self-Report Interoception
SELF-REPORT INTEROCEPTION 1 What Do Measures of Self-Report Interoception Measure? Insights from A Systematic Review, Latent Factor Analysis, and Network Approach Olivier Desmedt1,2, Alexandre Heeren1,2,3, Olivier Corneille1, & Olivier Luminet1,2 1 Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 2 Fund for Scientific Research – Belgium (FRS-FNRS) 3 Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium Corresponding author: Olivier Desmedt. UCLouvain-IPSY. 10 Place du Cardinal Mercier. B- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Email: [email protected] This is a preprint of a manuscript that has not yet been peer-reviewed for publication in a scientific journal. SELF-REPORT INTEROCEPTION 2 Abstract Recent conceptualizations of interoception suggest several facets to this construct, including "interoceptive sensibility” and “self-report interoceptive scales", both of which are assessed with questionnaires. Although these conceptual efforts have helped move the field forward, uncertainty remains regarding whether current measures converge on their measurement of a common construct. To address this question, we first identified -via a systematic review- the most cited questionnaires of interoceptive sensibility. Then, we examined their correlations, their overall factorial structure, and their network structure in a large community sample (n = 1003). The results indicate that these questionnaires tap onto distinct constructs, with low overall convergence and interrelationships between questionnaire items. This observation mitigates the interpretation and replicability of findings in self-report interoception research. We call for a better match between constructs and measures. Keywords: Interoception, interoceptive sensibility, exploratory factor analysis, network analysis. SELF-REPORT INTEROCEPTION 3 What Do Measures of Self-report Interoception Measure? Combining Latent Factor and Network Approaches Interoception is the processing of internal bodily states by the nervous system (Khalsa et al., 2017). -
Immediate Effects of Interoceptive Awareness Training Through Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT) for Women in Substance Use Disorder Treatment
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Subst Abus Manuscript Author . Author manuscript; Manuscript Author available in PMC 2020 January 01. Published in final edited form as: Subst Abus. 2019 ; 40(1): 102–115. doi:10.1080/08897077.2018.1488335. Immediate effects of interoceptive awareness training through Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT) for women in substance use disorder treatment Cynthia J. Price, PhDa, Elaine A. Thompson, PhDb, Sheila E. Crowell, PhDc, Kenneth Pike, PhDb, Sunny C. Cheng, PhDd, Sara Parent, NDa, Carole Hooven, PhDb aDepartment of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; bDepartment of Psychosocial and Community Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; cDepartment of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; dNursing and Healthcare Leadership Program, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, USA Abstract Background: Sensory information gained through interoceptive awareness may play an important role in affective behavior and successful inhibition of drug use. This study examined the immediate pre-post effects of the mind-body intervention Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT) as an adjunct to women’s substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. MABT teaches interoceptive awareness skills to promote self-care and emotion regulation. Methods: Women in intensive outpatient treatment (IOP) for chemical dependency (N = 217) at 3 community clinics in the Pacific Northwest of the United States were recruited and randomly assigned to one of 3 study conditions: MABT + treatment as usual (TAU), women’s health education (WHE) + TAU (active control condition), and TAU only. At baseline and 3 months post- intervention, assessments were made of interoceptive awareness skills and mindfulness, emotion regulation (self-report and psychophysiological measures), symptomatic distress (depression and trauma-related symptoms), and substance use (days abstinent) and craving. -
What Might Interoceptive Inference Reveal About Consciousness?
Preprint Embodied Computation Group 1 What might interoceptive inference reveal about consciousness? NIIA NIKOLOVAa,1,*,P ETER THESTRUP WAADEa,1,2,K ARL J. FRISTON3, AND MICAH ALLEN1,4,5 aEqual contribution *Corresponding author: niia@cfin.au.dk 1Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark 2Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Denmark 3Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, United Kingdom 4Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Denmark 5Cambridge Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom The mainstream science of consciousness offers a few predominate views of how the brain gives rise to awareness. Chief among these are the Higher Order Thought Theory, Global Neuronal Workspace The- ory, Integrated Information Theory, and hybrids thereof. In parallel, rapid development in predictive pro- cessing approaches have begun to outline concrete mechanisms by which interoceptive inference shapes selfhood, affect, and exteroceptive perception. Here, we consider these new approaches in terms of what they might offer our empirical, phenomenological, and philosophical understanding of consciousness and its neurobiological roots. INTRODUCTION thought? How might the body, or emotion, interact with these properties of consciousness? What is Consciousness? Answering these questions is no easy task. Certainly, most If you have ever been under general anaesthesia, you surely who study consciousness have heard the joke that there are as remember the experience of waking up. However, this awak- many theories of consciousness as there are consciousness theo- ening is different from the kind we do every morning, in that rists. Our goal here is not to provide a comprehensive predictive it is preceded by a complete lack of subjective experience, a processing or active inference theory of consciousness, of which dark nothingness, without even the awareness of time passing.