Marshall Mathers, Eminem Og Slim Shady

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Marshall Mathers, Eminem Og Slim Shady Marshall Mathers, Eminem og Slim Shady: Vanhellig treenighet Olav Inge Hjelen Levert som Masteroppgave ved Institutt for Musikkvitenskap Universitetet i Oslo Våren 2008 «I’d like to welcome y’all to the Eminem show» ii Forord Signe, denne er til deg. Takk for din tålmodighet, og din tro på meg Takk for all oppmuntring og oppvartning Takk for korrekturlesing og gode råd Denne oppgaven hadde ikke blitt til noe uten deg Takk ! Olav Inge Hjelen Alta, 27.04.08 iii INNHOLD FORORD..............................................................................................................................................III 1 «CURTAINS UP»............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BAKGRUNN FOR VALG AV OPPGAVE..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 PROBLEMSTILLING OG MÅL.......................................................................................................................................3 1.2.1 Problemstillingen........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.2 Analyseobjekt............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 OPPGAVENS STRUKTUR...............................................................................................................................................5 1.4 PLASSERING AV OPPGAVEN.........................................................................................................................................6 1.5 NOEN TANKER OG AVKLARINGER............................................................................................................................7 2 RAPMUSIKKEN ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 HIP-HOP-HISTORIEN .................................................................................................................................................10 2.2 RAPMUSIKKENS OPPRINNELSER..............................................................................................................................12 2.3 RAPPENS OPPRINNELSER...........................................................................................................................................14 2.3.1 Afroamerikanske verbale tradisjoner ........................................................................................................ 14 2.3.2 Musikkhistoriske forløpere til rapping....................................................................................................... 26 2.4 GANGSTARAP...............................................................................................................................................................27 3 EMINEM............................................................................................................................................ 31 3.1 MARSHALL BRUCE MATHER S III – EN BIOGRAFI...............................................................................................31 3.2 EMINEM – EN DISKOGRAFI .......................................................................................................................................36 3.3 EMINEMRESEPSJONEN...............................................................................................................................................38 3.3.1 Eminem og rase ......................................................................................................................................... 38 3.3.2 Eminem og kjønn ...................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3.3 Eminem og autentisitet............................................................................................................................. 42 3.3.4 Eminem og dårlig innflytelse .................................................................................................................... 44 4 PERFORMANS ................................................................................................................................. 45 4.1 PERFORMANCE THEORY ..........................................................................................................................................45 4.1.1 Performances ............................................................................................................................................. 46 4.1.2 Ur-drama.................................................................................................................................................. 50 4.2 «PRESENTATION OF SELF» ......................................................................................................................................52 4.2.1 Performanser og performeren.................................................................................................................... 52 4.3 PERFORMANCE I POPULÆRMUSIKK.......................................................................................................................54 4.3.1 Auslander og performans i glamrock ........................................................................................................ 55 4.3.2 Simon Frith – Performans og stemmen i populærmusikk......................................................................... 56 v 4.3.3 Performans i rap ........................................................................................................................................57 4.4 PERFORMANSTEORI – EN OPPSUMMERING......................................................................................................... 58 5 IMAGEKONSTRUKSJONER...........................................................................................................59 5.1 EMINEM – «THE WAY I AM»................................................................................................................................. 60 5.1.1 «Personlig front»......................................................................................................................................61 5.1.2 Ytringer......................................................................................................................................................64 5.1.3 «The Way I Am»......................................................................................................................................65 5.2 «SLIM SHADY – BRAIN DEAD LIKE JIM BRADY» ............................................................................................... 74 5.2.1 «Kill You» ................................................................................................................................................78 5.2.2 Slim Shadys spill med karakterer ..............................................................................................................82 5.3 «MARSHALL MATHER S»........................................................................................................................................ 86 6 DISKUSJON ...................................................................................................................................... 89 7 «CURTAINS CLOSE»...................................................................................................................... 95 LITTERATURLISTE ........................................................................................................................... 97 VEDLEGG.......................................................................................................................................... 103 vi 1 «Curtains Up» 1.1 Bakgrunn for valg av oppgave Hvordan har det seg at en artist som Eminem fascinerer så mange mennesker? Og at han synes å provosere like mange? Eminem er en av historiens mestselgende artister, og historiens nest-mest- selgende hip-hop-artist, med mer enn 27 millioner solgte enheter i Nord-Amerika, kun slått av 2Pac som har solgt 36,5 millioner ("Top Selling Artists," 2008). Han har en bred fanbase både blant afroamerikanske og angloamerikanske hip-hop-fans, samt overalt ellers i verden. Han har på den annen side vært mål for hard kritikk fra politikere, skribenter, kritikere, foreldreforeninger og organisasjoner som GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), hovedsakelig i USA, for det de mener er uttrykk for homofobi og kvinnehat, og til og med oppfordringer om vold mot homoseksuelle og kvinner. Dette er noen av spørsmålene som har ledet meg til å skrive denne oppgaven om «verdens mest populære rapper» (Hasted, 2004, s. 11). Jeg lot meg selv tidlig fascinere av Eminem og hvordan han presenterer seg for oss, i og utenfor musikken. Jeg ønsker derfor i denne oppgaven å se nærmere på akkurat dette. Min interesse for rapmusikk ble unnfanget tidlig på 90-tallet når norsk radio og TV fikk øynene opp for rappere som MC Hammer og Vanilla Ice, og Kriss Kross (som fikk flere av guttene på skolen til å ta på seg alt for store bukser bak fram). Den skulle allikevel ikke fødes for fullt før på siste halvdel av samme tiår, da jeg ble presentert for rapperen 2Pac, som ble den første rapperen som både appellerte til min musikksmak (og klare preferanse til melodiøs musikk), og klarte å røre meg,
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