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Download Date 01/10/2021 20:55:01 Skipton-in-Craven, 1865 to 1914. A study of urban growth in a small textile town. Item Type Thesis Authors Jackson, Kenneth Christopher Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 01/10/2021 20:55:01 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5514 University of Bradford eThesis © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. SKIPTON-IN-CRAVEN, 1865 TO 1914 Volume 1 of 2 K. C. JACKSON PhD UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD 2011 SKIPTON-IN-CRAVEN, 1865 TO 1914 A study of urban growth in a small textile town Volume 1 of 2 Kenneth Christopher JACKSON submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Lifelong Education and Development University of Bradford 2011 Abstract _____________________________________________________________ Kenneth Christopher JACKSON Title: SKIPTON-IN-CRAVEN, 1865 TO 1914 Keywords: Skipton, urban growth, textile, town The catalyst for the urban growth of Skipton during the formative period of the modern town between 1865 and 1914 was indigenous investment and organisational change in cotton textiles in the aftermath of the Cotton Famine. Railway investment also played an important, although lesser part. The process was facilitated notably by the relaxation of policy on land tenure by the principal landowner and by the work of a well managed local authority. The resulting net in-migration, along with the internal redistribution of population necessitated by the extension of commercial and other services in the town centre, was accommodated by house building in clusters which were either aligned with or removed from the main factory sites. This gave rise to a distinctive pattern of social and spatial segregation, the distribution of which was governed principally by the need for factories to have access to water supplies for steam raising and condensing. Thus the canal corridor beyond the existing built-up area was subject to textile colonisation while wholly residential development was more closely associated with existing high status housing elsewhere. The study considers the processes involved in creating this pattern of development with particular reference to the values and activities of the principal decision-makers. It also discusses the resultant shift in power and influence from the principal landowner to the local authority and to industrial and commercial interests which increasingly were based outside the town. Arising from this a model of urban growth is proposed and tested against neighbouring small textile towns. ii Contents _______________________________________________________________ VOLUME 1 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 Introduction to the study 1.1 Prologue ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Literature on the history of Skipton .......................................................... 2 1.3 Approach, aims and objectives, and outcomes ........................................ 9 1.4 Sources, methodologies, and study areas ............................................. 14 1.5 Structure and indicative content of the thesis ......................................... 18 Chapter 2 A survey of literature on urban growth 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 21 2.2 The operational perspective (supply side) ............................................. 22 2.3 The operational perspective (demand side) ........................................... 33 2.4 The evolutionary perspective ................................................................. 46 2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 61 VOLUME 1 SECTION 2 THE OPERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Chapter 3 The supply of new housing: the house building cycle 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 64 3.2 Delineating the house building cycle ...................................................... 65 3.3 House building cycles for Skipton .......................................................... 70 3.4 Some explanations for the house building cycle .................................... 73 3.5 Conclusion: economic fluctuations in Skipton, 1865 to 1914 ................ 81 Chapter 4 The supply of new housing: agents of change 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 86 4.2 The involvement of the Skipton Castle estate and other landowners ..... 87 4.3 The involvement of builders and other secondary developers ............. 103 4.4 The involvement of architects .............................................................. 114 4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 123 Chapter 5 The demand for new housing: a study of occupancy tenure 5.1 Introduction and approach ................................................................... 128 5.2 Owner-occupancy ................................................................................ 131 5.3 Landlords and the rental sector ............................................................ 141 5.4 Financial matters .................................................................................. 151 5.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 159 Chapter 6 The demand for new housing: the social and economic context from the Census 6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 164 6.2 Skipton in 1881 .................................................................................... 166 6.2.1 The town as a whole .............................................................. 167 6.2.2 The old town and the post-1865 housing developments ........ 169 6.2.3 Study areas within the post-1865 housing developments ...... 172 iii 6.2.4 The journey to work ................................................................ 176 6.2.5 Textile and railway employment within the post-1865 housing development………………………………………………………179 6.2.6 Some comparisons within study areas .................................. 182 6.3 Skipton in 1901 and 1911 .................................................................... 186 6.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 191 Chapter 7 New buildings for business and institutional use: some observations from the building plans 7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 197 7.2 Review of non-residential buildings ...................................................... 200 7.3 Architectural provenance and spatial distribution ................................. 230 7.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 236 VOLUME 1 SECTION 3 THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE Chapter 8 The textile industry in Skipton and its role in the process of urban growth 8.1 Introduction: structural and organisational trends in the cotton industry………………………………………………………………240 8.2 Skipton: the development of the pre-1865 cotton textile businesses…………………………………………………………………. 248 8.3 Skipton: the development of new cotton textile businesses………….. 254 8.3.1 Organisational development…………………………………… 255 8.3.2 Size, structure and growth potential of the weaving sector… 257 8.4 Conclusion: the impact of the textile industry on the growth of Skipton……………………………………………………………………262 Chapter 9 The dynamics of evolutionary urban growth in time and space 9.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 266 9.2 Priming decisions and the stages of urban growth, 1770 to 1914 ........ 267 9.3 Spatial aspects of urban growth ........................................................... 280 9.3.1 The formation and distribution of activity clusters with particular reference to textile and other colonies……………. 280 9.3.2 Access to non-residential activity clusters and the influence of the Midland Railway on the town plan……………………… 290 9.3.3 The limits of urban growth……………………………………….295 9.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 303 Chapter 10 A model of evolutionary urban growth in the small textile town 10.1 Introduction to the model with reference to Skipton ........................... 308 10.2 Barnoldswick: a case study ................................................................ 310 10.2.1 Time-related growth factors .................................................. 310 10.2.2 Space-related growth factors ............................................... 313 10.2.3 A comparison of Barnoldswick and Skipton and an assessment of the model……………………………………...320 10.3 Some other small textile towns .......................................................... 324 10.3.1 Earby ................................................................................... 324 iv 10.3.2 Clitheroe .............................................................................
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