AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

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ANNUAL REPORT INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific society and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine, Science Signaling, a digital, open-access journal, Science Advances, and beginning in 2016, two new journals—Science Robotics and Science Immunology. AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some 250 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world. The non-profit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy, international programs, science education, public engagement, and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert! (www.eurekalert.org), the premier science-news website, a service of AAAS.

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On the Cover: Polarizing micrograph of leaf cells from Diphyscium moss.

PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK IMAGES

Diphyscium foliosum, a leafy moss, thrives across eastern North America.

PHOTO: HERMANN SCHACHNER

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Welcome Letter by Gerald R. Fink and Rush D. Holt...... 2 Public Statements on Key Issues...... 4 Communication and Public Engagement ...... 8 International Engagement ...... 11 Science, Policy, and Society...... 14 Government Relations ...... 17 The Science Family of Journals...... 20 Improving Science Literacy...... 24 Education, Outreach, and Careers...... 26 AAAS Divisions ...... 28 Advancing Science Through Philanthropy...... 30 AAAS Awards and Prizes ...... 32 AAAS Fellows ...... 36 Acknowledgment of Contributors ...... 38 Membership: Join AAAS...... 52 Financial Summary ...... 54 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information ...... 55 20 15 Welcome

Through microscopes and telescopes, through such events as Family Science Days. AAAS new scientific and engineering insights allow us to see has transformed its journals, too, by adopting digital- worlds we never knew existed, and drive innovation first strategies to enhance scientific communication. to improve people’s lives. The blurry microscopes of Trellis, a new digital communication and collaboration the 1920s gave way to a revolution in imaging that platform, is being developed to make it easy for vividly revealed 46 human chromosomes, making it individuals, collaborations, and organizations to work possible to identify the cause of genetic conditions together and share scientific information. such as Down’s syndrome. The sequencing of the AAAS exerts a unique influence by informing the human genome, coupled with the power of computer- public and our representatives about the importance generated pattern recognition, uncovered the genetic of science to our nation and the world. As part of flaws that cause diverse childhood leukemias, many of those efforts, the association advocates for science which are now treatable. diplomacy and international research collaboration AAAS and the Science family of journals are working while promoting inclusiveness and diversity in science. to further such scientific progress by advocating for In 2015, for instance, the association administered the research enterprise, and by bringing scientists travel awards for women scientists participating in and engineers together worldwide to address an international Gender Summit, through a National urgent societal concerns. As part of an ambitious Science Foundation (NSF) program, Mentoring Transformation Initiative, AAAS in 2015 began Women in International Research Collaborations focusing more intensively on advocacy and service to (MWIRC) in STEM. Also in 2015, AAAS built upon its members. We spoke out against barriers to women historic 2014 agreement with the Cuban Academy in science, for example, and we helped scientists of Sciences. Collaboration across three fields of and engineers more effectively communicate key neuroscience, supported by the Lounsbery Foundation scientific findings. We also worked to improve science and others, will result in a scientist-exchange program education, and we engaged directly with the public, between the two countries (see pages 12-13).

2 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Vitamin C ascorbic acid crystals displayed AAAS advocacy work in 2015 included strong on a microscope glass slide. opposition to ideological attacks on climate-change PHOTO: ADOBE STOCK IMAGES scientists and their findings, a call for research to better understand the root causes of gun violence, media interviews on the value of federal investments To further encourage inclusiveness and reward in science, and more (4-7). Our advocacy efforts were innovation globally, AAAS in 2015 launched the Marion bolstered by programs that help to bring scientific Milligan Mason Awards, honoring early-career women insight to the policymaking process. These included the in the chemical sciences (page 31), and it again association’s well-respected analysis of U.S. research administered the Global Innovation through Science and development funding trends (18), and the AAAS and Technology (GIST) competition, a U.S. State Science & Technology Policy Fellowships, which in Department effort to encourage young entrepreneurs 2015 sent 280 scientists and engineers to work with (13). AAAS provided essential recognition for talented Congress and many executive-branch agencies or journalists who communicate scientific advances and departments as well as the Bill and Melinda Gates issues to the public, too: For the first time since 1945, Foundation (15). To prepare the next-generation of the historic AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards civic-minded innovators, AAAS also supported a wide program (9 and 35) expanded to accept international range of capacity-building programs, from efforts to entries, thanks to a generous doubling by The Kavli improve K-12 science curriculum, to the NSF’s Emerging Foundation of the program’s endowment. The AAAS Researchers National Conference in STEM (24-27). Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellows program, In 2015, scientific reports published by the growing dating to 1974, also continued to promote excellence Science family of journals—including Science in science journalism, by dispatching science and Translational Medicine, Science Signaling, the open- engineering scholars to newsrooms (27). access journal Science Advances, and coming soon, Communicating the scientific reality of global Science Robotics and Science Immunology—described climate change was the focus of a policy briefing on a promising new melanoma vaccine trial, an enhanced Capitol Hill and a related AAAS symposium, hosted lithium-air battery design, genetic tools to combat by the Carnegie Institution for Science. “Climate elephant poaching, a new hominin mandible that Science, 50 Years Later,” supported by the American raised fascinating questions about human evolution, Meteorological Society and the Linden Trust for and much more. (Incidentally, a 2015 Science Conservation, commemorated the 50th anniversary Advances study on the sixth mass extinction made of the first official climate-change warning to a U.S. its way into the top 5% of all research outputs ever President and reaffirmed the 2014 AAAS What We tracked on Altmetric.com, a metrics reporting site Know report. The symposium also marked the launch for scholarly content.) Every member of AAAS plays of the Alan I. Leshner Leadership Institute, which an integral role in accelerating such advances, by announced the first cohort of 15 fellows—all climate supporting the association’s nonprofit programs, scientists with an interest in promoting science-society advocacy work, and scientific communication. AAAS dialogue. The Leshner Leadership Fellows will be members and donors allow us to serve as a voice and supported by the AAAS Center for Public Engagement force for science worldwide, helping us to advance with Science and Technology, and the association’s science in service to society. popular Communicating Science workshops, which have provided training for more than 6,700 scientists and engineers since 2008 (9).

Gerald R. Fink Rush D. Holt AAAS Chair (2015-2016) AAAS CEO and Margaret and Herman Sokol Executive Publisher Professor of Genetics, of the Science Family Massachusetts Institute of of Journals

Technology/Whitehead Institute (PHOTO: CHET SUSSLIN/NATIONAL JOURNAL)

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 3 20 Public Statements 15 on Key Issues

AAAS continued in 2015 to advocate for the scientific enterprise through testimony, letters to policymakers, op-ed articles, and other outreach efforts. In particular, the association urged adequate, sustained U.S. federal support for research and development; action to address global climate change; broader international research cooperation; advances in science education; and more.

Advocacy for the Scientific Enterprise 21 April. Responding to a U.S. Government 21 April. In a letter to U.S. policymakers, AAAS Accountability Office report on the detrimental expressed concern about the America COMPETES Act, impacts of policies that have prevented many federal noting that it did not follow key principles for steady employees from participating in scientific conferences, and sustained real growth in the major federal research AAAS and dozens of other leading organizations agencies. AAAS had earlier teamed up with other decried the restrictions: “Current policies are reducing organizations to develop a set of Guiding Principles government scientists’ and engineers’ participation for reauthorization of the COMPETES Act. The AAAS in scientific and technical conferences while the letter urged policymakers to reconsider language that administrative cost of overseeing these activities seemed to restrict the National Science Foundation’s has increased significantly,” the group wrote to top ability to build new major research facilities, policymakers. while barring Department of Energy-supported research from being used in evidence-based federal 27 April. AAAS President Geraldine Richmond policymaking. expressed deep concerns about unintended

4 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT consequences of the Secret Science Reform Act of 11 November. In an op-ed for New Scientist, the AAAS 2015, in a letter to policymakers. Language in the CEO urged policymakers to “unshackle U.S. science,” legislation would prevent the Environmental Protection by dropping spending caps that were suppressing Agency from using research conducted during one- funding for research and development. “Science and time events such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, technology are the wellspring of innovation, new she noted. The legislation would also require a level jobs and economic progress, but the United States is of reproducibility that would be impossible for very underinvesting in them,” Rush Holt wrote. A bipartisan long-term studies, which are usually tested and budget deal reached in late October provided much- verified using statistical modeling. While transparency needed relief for federal science agencies, he noted. and high research standards are essential, Richmond However, the deal was set to expire after two years, said, unrealistic requirements could have a chilling meaning that it was only a temporary solution to the effect on research, and increase costs. Earlier in 2015, spending caps known as “sequestration,” which took AAAS and more than two-dozen other organizations effect in 2013. sent a similar letter to the U.S. House Majority Whip. Richmond also wrote to the Chairman of the House Communicating Climate Science Science, Space, and Technology Committee about the 29 October. Five decades after the first official same issue. climate-change warning to a U.S. President, and shortly before a historic summit in Paris, AAAS 1 June. Gerry Fink, AAAS chair, wrote to policymakers organized a daylong symposium and a related to oppose appropriations language that singled out policymaker briefing to call for action. “Climate four National Science Foundation (NSF) research Science, 50 Years Later” featured presentations by directorates for increased funding, yet left out the more than a dozen prominent scientists who described important work of the Geosciences and Social, the impacts of climate change, based on scientific Behavioral and Economic Sciences area. Fink evidence, and evaluated options for the future. “The referenced the AAAS Geospatial Technologies Project climate is changing at a pace and in a pattern that as an example of exemplary work in the overlooked is not explainable by natural influences,” said John fields. Such projects “provide critical information on P. Holdren, a past AAAS president who serves as the impact of remote, isolated conflicts on civilians; Assistant to the President for Science and Technology a host of human rights violations; damage to sites of and Director of the White House Office of Science cultural heritage; environmental and social justice and Technology Policy. “We know that with global issues; cross-border conflicts; and indigenous rights,” temperature about 0.9 degrees Celsius above pre- Fink pointed out. industrial temperatures, these changes are already causing significant harm to life.” 19 June. The 21st Century Cures Act was commended by the AAAS chair, in a letter to members of the House 24 November. AAAS and seven other leading of Representatives. The legislation “authorizes roughly organizations expressed “grave concern” about a $1.5 billion in increases over three years and creates an Congressional inquiry that unfoundedly called into Innovation Fund of $2 billion per year over five years,” question the integrity of federal scientists whose significantly supplementing regular appropriations research, published in Science, seemed to debunk to the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Gerry claims of a global-warming slowdown or “hiatus.” Fink noted. “Robust, sustained funding for NIH is the In a letter to Rep. Lamar Smith (R-Texas), chairman pathway to progress.” of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the group acknowledged the importance 25 October. AAAS CEO Rush Holt appeared on of appropriate congressional oversight of federally MSNBC’s “Up With Steve” program, arguing for more funded research, but emphasized that “scientists sustained, robust U.S. federal funding for science and should not be subjected to fraud investigations or technology. “In every area of human welfare, there are harassment simply for providing scientific results that real gains to be made” through scientific research, Holt some may see as politically controversial.” said. “We are nowhere close to investing as much as we could productively invest.”

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 5 7 December. As members of the Senate Committee International Engagement on Commerce, Science, and Transportation prepared 19 August. Marty Moss-Coane, whose popular public for a hearing on the magnitude of human impacts on radio program offers insights on an eclectic range the Earth’s climate, the AAAS chair sent a letter to of topics, spoke with the AAAS CEO and then Chief Capitol Hill, confirming the scientific consensus on International Officer Vaughan Turekian about the U.S.- the reality of human-caused climate change. “Climate Iran nuclear agreement, Cuba, climate change, Ebola, change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research and more. The conversation, which aired on WHYY’s demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by RadioTimes program, also included historian Audra human activities are the primary driver,” Gerry Fink Wolfe. Scientific progress “depends on the free flow wrote, referencing an earlier statement of the AAAS of ideas, and evidence-based thinking is central to it,” Board of Directors. CEO Rush Holt said. “Those things have democratizing and civilizing effects. Science can actually advance Gun-Violence Research diplomacy and improve political and diplomatic 3 December. In response to news headlines about relations.” mass shootings, AAAS once again called for a better understanding of the root causes of gun violence by 11 September. Science diplomacy was also the focus freeing up research funding for the U.S. Centers for of a Science Friday segment in which host Ira Flatow Disease Control and Prevention. The research funding interviewed the AAAS CEO and the Chief International had been essentially frozen for two decades. “It is time Officer. CEO Holt, who had earlier joined other leading for Congress to approve sensible steps to study gun physicists in signing a letter to President Obama violence as a public health issue,” the AAAS CEO said. that endorsed the Iran Nuclear Deal, noted that “Quite aside from the ongoing political debates over being a scientist comes with both benefits and civic gun control, it is essential that unbiased scientific obligations to communicate science to the public, and research be used to gather data on this spreading to policymakers. epidemic that claims so many lives each year. The epidemiology of gun violence has been underfunded Science Education For All for far too long.” Holt added that there also is a role for 25 September. The world needs talented scientists science to play in providing technological solutions to solve the problems of the 21st century, but talent to gun violence, including safer guns that can only be is wasted when women and minorities face obstacles fired by authorized users. that keep them out of the field, said Shirley Malcom

6 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT of AAAS, in a live-streamed TEDxMidAtlantic talk. Women in Science Malcom, who also serves as co-chair of the Gender 13 August. Institution leaders and others in the Advisory Board of the United Nations Commission science community must do more to create welcoming on Science and Technology for Development, and environments for women, minorities, and other of Gender InSITE, called for Americans to recognize underrepresented groups, and “call out unfairness that talent can come from “every nook and cranny whenever and wherever it appears,” the AAAS director of this country,” and to value diverse perspectives in of Education and Human Resources wrote in a Science the sciences. “Today, in 2015, we have got to make a editorial. “The science community prizes objectivity, decision as a nation,” she said. “Do we choose to use but research indicates that this isn’t necessarily the talent that is available, or do we choose to give in to reflected in the behavior and choices of scientists,” the stereotypes about who does or does not belong?” Shirley Malcom wrote. She noted that AAAS and the Science family of journals were looking internally to 7 December. With the U.S. Supreme Court set to make improvements, while also looking outward to hear arguments on a case challenging the use of society colleagues so as to evaluate larger structural race-conscious admissions at the University of Texas barriers to equality and diversity in science. at Austin, AAAS joined the American Educational Research Association (AERA) and nine other 4 November. In response to a letter from U.S. organizations in filing an amicus curie (or “friend of the Representative Jackie Speier (D-California), who court”) brief, noting that “student body diversity leads had expressed concerns about gender bias, sexual to significant educational benefits and prevents the harassment, and assault against women in science harms of social isolation.” Shirley Malcom, director of across the community, AAAS President Geraldine Education and Human Resources at AAAS, also took Richmond announced that AAAS would play a part in a media briefing organized by the AERA. leadership role in combating such injustices. Noting that such cases are “abhorrent, unacceptable, and Scientific Rights, Responsibilities, and Freedoms inconsistent with the long-standing values of AAAS,” 31 March. In response to news headlines regarding Richmond announced that the association would challenges to the integrity of science, AAAS reaffirmed organize a national Forum on Implicit Bias in Peer its commitment to robust, independent peer review Review, to encompass grant-making and publication. as well as the sharing of research results through She also described a wide range of long-standing publications and public discourse, in accordance with AAAS efforts to advance the careers of women in well-crafted transparency policies and procedures. STEM fields. “AAAS remains dedicated to promoting the responsible conduct and use of science, and it asks individual scientists and engineers to remain vigilant in ensuring the transparency of the scientific enterprise,” the AAAS CEO wrote in a statement.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 7 20 Communication and 15 Public Engagement

AAAS multiplies the impact of research by communicating information about scientific advances and promoting scientific knowledge among audiences worldwide. Each year, AAAS hosts the world’s largest general-science meeting, attracting researchers, policymakers, journalists, and families. It shares information on the latest advances with media, provides communication training to scientists and engineers, and promotes collaboration among researchers across disciplines and borders.

2015 Annual Meeting activities and demonstrations for children and adults, Advances in imaging technology and information attracted more than 5,000 people. analysis are increasing the speed of scientific discovery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology geneticist from light-activated proteins that make neural and then AAAS President Gerald Fink described during pathways visible, to 3-D printing of fossil artifacts that his presidential address how human chromosomes facilitate shared exploration of evolutionary advances. were initially miscounted when researchers first viewed These and many other developments were explored their fuzzy outlines under a microscope. Improved in the public lectures and technical sessions during imaging revealed their actual number as well as the the 181st AAAS Annual Meeting, organized around the small defects that can lead to disease. Later, geneticists theme, “Innovation, Information, and Imaging.” learned that only 2% of genes are actively used to Held for the first time in San Jose, California, the 12- make proteins, while the function of the other 98% 16 February meeting drew more than 9,800 attendees, remains a mystery, he said. including researchers, journalists, and students. “That new vision is exciting because it reveals AAAS’s Family Science Days, two days of free hands-on an unknown world that stimulates our curiosity

8 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT The 2015 Communicating Science Seminar at the AAAS Annual Independent panels of science journalists selected Meeting connected scientists and public-engagement experts. the two best examples of science reporting for a PHOTO: ©2015 ATLANTIC PHOTO—BOSTON general audience in eight categories. Winning stories were published or broadcast by The New York Times, Baltimore Sun, PBS NewsHour, Le Monde, Nature, and spawns new fields,” Fink said. “But it’s also Minnesota Public Radio, and other media outlets. threatening because a new picture can destroy our past The prizes, $5,000 for a gold award, and $3,500 for a understanding of our universe, a universe we thought silver award, were given out at the 2016 AAAS Annual we understood only yesterday.” Meeting in Washington, D.C.

50 Years of Communicating Communication Tools for About Climate Change Scientists & Engineers In a continuation of the “What We Know” climate- AAAS is providing tools for scientists and engineers change communication series launched in 2014 who want to more effectively communicate about their (whatweknow.aaas.org), AAAS and the Carnegie research and its implications. More than 1,500 of them Institution for Science organized a scientific were trained and given a chance to practice, during symposium marking the 50th anniversary of the AAAS Communicating Science workshops held in 2015. first official warning about climate change to a U.S. Staff in the Center for Public Engagement with president. More than a dozen prominent scientists Science and Technology organized 33 workshops and discussed climate-change impacts, including habitat 17 invited talks, which were held at universities and loss and increased extreme-weather events, and how government agencies, and at business and professional to best respond to, and communicate about these meetings. Workshop leaders taught participants to challenges. use different communication tools to engage a variety In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson’s science of audiences, including the public, reporters, and advisors issued a report saying that the accumulation policymakers. They then had opportunities to refine of atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of their messages and build confidence through small- fossil fuels would “almost certainly cause significant group discussions and practice. changes” to the environment. By 1990, “We really knew enough scientifically to justify the kinds of actions that we’re only now talking about today 25 years later,” said John P. Holdren, Assistant to the President for Science Visitors at the 2015 Family Science Days explored scientific phenomena and met a diverse range of scientists and and Technology, and Director of the White House Office engineers, from anthropologists to zoologists. of Science and Technology. PHOTO: ©2015 ATLANTIC PHOTO—BOSTON Following the symposium, supported by the American Meteorological Society and the Linden Trust for Conservation, AAAS organized a briefing for legislators in the U.S. Capitol Senate Visitors Center, in conjunction with Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.). AAAS also provided live video of the symposium, which celebrated the launch of the Alan I. Leshner Leadership Institute. The first 15 Leshner fellows are all climate scientists and communicators.

AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards The 2015 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards marked the first time in the program’s 70-year history that entries were accepted from journalists around the world. Almost 40% of all submissions were from international reporters, with a comparable number of international winners. The Kavli Foundation made the change possible by doubling the endowment that funds the awards program.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 9 The Center also organized two communication EurekAlert! also offered its first international seminars during the 2015 Annual Meeting that training for public information officers, in collaboration drew about 300 attendees. During “Scientists with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The training, Communicating Challenging Issues,” presenters offered held in Chengdu, China, helped communicators social science research about why some scientific practice linking their news to issues of interest to issues, like climate change, are prone to controversy, international reporters and audiences. and how scientists can navigate those tensions. A The EurekAlert! service provides free access to second workshop, entitled “Public Engagement for news about research in science, health, medicine, and Scientists: Realities, Risks, and Rewards,” also drew on technology to about 12,000 journalists worldwide. research to explore the methods and possible results of public outreach. AAAS Colloquium Series Takes Off The Communicating Science program has reached As part of the association’s ongoing Transformation more than 6,700 scientists and engineers since it was Initiative, AAAS launched a new Colloquium Series, founded in 2008. organized by staff volunteers, to provide a forum for exploring topics relevant to science and society. EurekAlert! Reaches Out Worldwide Initial Colloquium Series lectures, intended to engage EurekAlert!, the AAAS-operated science news service, staff, AAAS members, and the public, featured topics continued to expand its international reach in 2015. ranging from the state of Iranian science—the focus It saw a dramatic increase in news releases from of a Science news feature by journalist Richard Japanese universities and science institutions after Stone—and the destruction of cultural heritage in EurekAlert! staff visited several institutions in Japan. Syria and Iraq, to U.S. science policy challenges and The staff also promoted an updated English-Japanese opportunities, and more. website. Afterward, Japanese institutions used the site to post four times more often than in 2014, and visits Trellis: Increasing Research Collaborations to the bilingual site more than quadrupled. Research efforts increasingly cross disciplines, and they rely upon collaborations between institutions and across international boundaries. Some 80% of AAAS members surveyed said they wanted better In October, Brian Lin of EurekAlert! at AAAS (standing) worked with ways to connect with other scientists online. In public information officers who tried their hands at writing news headlines, at the first EurekAlert! seminar held in China. response, AAAS launched an online communication and networking platform called Trellis to promote PHOTO: CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES discussions and research collaborations. A beta version of the website went live in December 2014, and added 5,700 users in 2015. AAAS will also begin training community managers—people who can help facilitate collaborations between researchers within and outside their fields using platforms such as Trellis. Using a $773,000 grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the AAAS Community Engagement Program will begin a one-year pilot program to train as many as 18 fellows in 2017.

10 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 20 15 International Engagement

AAAS promotes the use of science and engineering to address challenges that span regions and cross disciplines. It has forged new international relationships, supported research collaborations, and encouraged innovation in developing countries. AAAS serves as a resource for science diplomacy training, and provides a forum for finding new ways to use science and engineering to connect nations.

Scientific Drivers for Diplomacy UNESCO, The World Academy of Sciences, and the The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy continues Academy of Sciences of Cuba. to promote international engagement to facilitate Conference panelists discussed the need for trans- research, and to leverage research as a way to bring boundary cooperation and information-sharing to together countries to address broader issues. address public health and environmental issues, such “The principles of science—transparency, open as cholera outbreaks, biodiversity loss, and climate communication, and evidence-based thinking—go change. Participants also related ways to foster a long way to diffusing difficult situations, breaking cooperation during times of political strain, by working through barriers, and developing relationships,” said with shared resources, and the roles of institutions and Rush Holt, CEO of AAAS, in an address at the first networks in science diplomacy. annual conference on science diplomacy, held at AAAS headquarters in April. More than 200 people First Poland-U.S. Science Award participated, including representatives from the U.S. Two structural biologists who worked to develop AIDS Department of State and other federal agencies, treatments were honored with the first Poland-U.S.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 11 Science Award in April 2015. The award, established The attendees learned how science diplomacy in 2013, is given to a pair of scientists working in can be carried out, how to educate the public and Poland and the United States for outstanding scientific policymakers about risks, and how some countries are achievements resulting from their collaboration. AAAS already using science diplomacy. and the Foundation for Polish Science will grant the Sir Peter Gluckman, science advisor to New award every two years. Zealand’s prime minister, delivered the Paolo Budinich Prof. Mariusz Jaskólski of Adam Mickiewicz Lecture as part of the course. New Zealand is an University in Poznań, Poland, and Dr. Alexander example of how smaller countries can use their Wlodawer of the National Cancer Institute began strengths in scientific research to gain global influence working together in 1988 to understand the structure and advance their own policy interests, Gluckman said. of retroviral proteins. That work led to the development The 2015 AAAS-TWAS course was sponsored by the of the first protease-oriented drugs for AIDS patients. Golden Family Foundation, the Organization for Women Their continued collaboration has generated 37 joint in Science for the Developing World, the Swedish publications to date. International Development Cooperation Agency, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. Science Diplomacy Boot Camp The second annual Course on Science and Diplomacy U.S. and Cuban Researchers Begin was held in June in Trieste, Italy, drawing together Neuroscience Collaborations participants from 30 countries. The week-long United States and Cuban researchers will soon meeting, organized by the AAAS Center for Science begin collaborating to improve magnetic resonance Diplomacy and The World Academy of Sciences imaging technology, to advance neuroinformatics and (TWAS), provided science diplomacy training to 56 neurodevelopment research, and to investigate the researchers and administrators. establishment of an international non-human primate research center in Cuba. A U.S. delegation of researchers, academics, policymakers, and representatives of industries and The 2015 GIST Tech-I competition finalists hailed from foundations met with their Cuban counterparts at 23 developing countries. a December 2015 meeting in Havana to plan the PHOTO: EPHOD VISUAL & AUDIO ENTERPRISES research collaborations. The meeting was the first outcome of a 2014 agreement between AAAS and the Cuban Academy of Sciences to promote scientific cooperation between their countries. Participants at the meeting, organized by AAAS and the Cuban Neurosciences Center (CNEURO), discussed research advances in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, brain mapping techniques, imaging, and treatments. AAAS in 2015 also began planning to launch a fellowship program for early and midcareer scientists from Cuba. The Cuban biomedical research fellows could begin research collaboration in the United States in 2016, under a program administered by the AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy.

12 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT That program is supported by a grant from the and carry out research in another country. The grants Lounsbery Foundation. AAAS staff members are still are funded by the National Science Foundation. In seeking funding to bring U.S. scientists to Cuba. addition, the program began sponsoring travel awards to send two women scientists to the international Global Competition Propels Innovation Gender Summit, beginning with the April 2016 summit An international competition for innovators, in South Africa. administered by AAAS, is helping entrepreneurs The Elsevier Foundation Awards for Women in to develop low-cost solar-powered hearing aids in Science in the Developing World—supported also by Botswana and a lemongrass-derived compound to Gilbert S. Omenn, a past AAAS president, and Martha protect stored crops from insects in Nigeria, while Darling—provide five early-career women scientists also providing role models to spur innovation in with $5,000 and support for travel to the AAAS Annual developing countries. Meeting. The 2015 winners were from Nigeria, Sudan, The Global Innovation through Science and and Vietnam, and were selected for their contributions Technology (GIST) Tech-I competition was held in to nanoparticle physics, atmospheric physics, medical Nairobi, Kenya in July 2015, and was organized by physics, and computational mathematics, as well the AAAS Office of International and Security Affairs as their efforts to encourage other young women to and the Research Competitiveness Program. The U.S. pursue STEM careers. Department of State began the GIST initiative in 2011 The L’Oréal awards, which AAAS administers, to support scientific and technological innovation in provide five women each year with $60,000 grants the developing world. to fund postdoctoral research. And in October, four Participants who apply for the program must go women were awarded the first AAAS Marion Milligan through an extremely competitive, multistep selection Mason Awards for Women in the Chemical Sciences, process to reach the finals, where they receive which provide funding for early-career researchers. training and mentoring from leaders in industry, (See also the Education, Outreach, and Careers funding agencies, and other sectors. Thirty people section on pages 26-27.) from 23 developing countries competed to be one of the 13 winners, who took home almost $140,000 in Science & Diplomacy Update cash prizes. The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy’s quarterly The finals were part of the annual Global policy journal, Science & Diplomacy, published 21 Entrepreneurship Summit, which received a visit articles plus editorials, perspectives, and letters in by President Barack Obama. GIST alumni who have 2015. It attracted more than 36,000 readers, more commercialized their inventions have generated $110 than half of whom were outside the United States. million in revenue, according to State Department Popular articles included one by the executive figures. director of the Academy of Sciences of Cuba detailing Cuba’s research history and its periods of collaboration Mentoring Women in International with the United States, as it anticipates improved Research Collaboration relations once again. An editorial by AAAS CEO Rush Women and underrepresented groups trying to succeed Holt on the relationship of science to diplomacy has in STEM fields may find themselves up against a also been viewed more than 1,000 times. “polycarbonate ceiling” to career advancement, said chemist and AAAS President Geraldine Richmond. It’s one they must find a way around, since it’s almost impossible to break. AAAS has several programs to help women navigate the barriers that prevent them from fully participating in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers, including some that also promote international research. Under one such program, Mentoring Women in International Research Collaborations (MWIRC) in STEM, AAAS has administered 15 research grants of $20,000 each to allow women to mentor graduate students or postdocs

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 13 20 15 Science, Policy, and Society

The AAAS Center of Science, Policy, and Society Programs (CSPSP) brings scientific and engineering expertise to policymakers, promotes wise investments in research, and advances scientific freedom and responsibility. Through a selective fellowship program and a prestigious annual forum, it shares insights with the federal agencies and Congressional offices where public policy is made and interpreted. CSPSP also organizes programs that promote ethical research practices, provides technical expertise on human rights issues, and encourages dialogue about science and religion.

2015 Science & Technology Policy Forum should continue to rely on the nation’s discretionary Concern about cuts to basic research funding was the spending budget. “Our nation’s future, including our overriding message during the 40th AAAS Forum on preparedness for that future, depends on innovation,” Science & Technology Policy. The two-day meeting, Córdova said. “Innovation in turn depends, in large held in Washington, D.C. in April, drew more than 400 part, on discovery, and discovery is fueled by basic elected officials, government and business leaders, research. This pursuit is not discretionary.” foreign embassy staff, researchers, and educators. The Forum saw the start of a new lecture series, Funding for basic-science research in the United the Gilbert S. Omenn Grand Challenges Address, States is threatened by limits on “discretionary” intended to draw attention to the most pressing needs spending due to budget sequestration, said John P. and goals at the intersection of science and society. Holdren, director of the White House Office of Science Dr. Omenn, past president of AAAS, gave the 2015 and Technology Policy, in his keynote address. France address, encouraging consideration of “aspirational Córdova, National Science Foundation director, and inspirational” research challenges to “energize not questioned whether funding for basic research only the scientific and engineering community, but

14 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT also students, journalists, the public, and their elected Project, which physically protects sites from bombings, representatives, to develop a sense of the possibilities, using sandbags and other methods. an appreciation of risks, and an urgent commitment to The Geospatial Technologies Project also studied accelerate progress.” the use of satellite imagery to better understand and Additional speakers addressed how scientists help prevent border conflicts. With a grant from the can better engage with a skeptical public, how data United States Institute of Peace, it aggregated and can be used for the public’s benefit, and how the correlated large amounts of information from previous U.S. educational system can increase the number cross-border conflicts, including satellite imagery, of workers prepared to take science, technology, media reporting, and eyewitness accounts, to create a engineering, and mathematics (STEM) jobs. retrospective geospatial analysis. That process allowed it to identify trends that could contribute to the future Protecting Antiquities and detection, management, and peaceful de-escalation of Predicting Conflict similar incidents. Sites and objects with irreplaceable cultural value often become targets during armed conflicts, both for Science & Technology Policy Fellowships ideological reasons and for their value to collectors. The 2015-16 class of Science & Technology Policy The AAAS Geospatial Technologies Project assisted Fellows includes researchers and engineers of all groups trying to protect sites in Syria and Iraq by types, from all stages in their careers, who have one analyzing recent satellite images with earlier ones to shared goal: to apply their science and technology document the status of the sites. Some sites, such skills to policy solutions. The program places doctoral- as one in Apamea, Syria, are so covered with pits and level scientists, or engineers with a Master’s degree, tunnels dug by looters that they appear to have been into various offices within the executive, legislative, and carpet-bombed, AAAS reported. judicial branches of federal government and Congress Sometimes sites are damaged or destroyed to for a year. remove reminders of a cultural heritage that terrorists “Scientists have such an important role to play in or other groups oppose, or to demoralize the local society beyond the bench,” said Sapana Vora, who people, said Katharyn Hanson, a visiting scholar with served as a fellow at the State Department. the Geospatial Technologies Project, in a November Of the 280 fellows, 163 fellows were new fellows, colloquium. Hanson and AAAS contributed to the 99 had renewed their fellowship for a second year, Safeguarding the Heritage of Syria and Iraq (SHOSI) and 18 were in special alumni fellowships. Thirty-

The AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellows, class of 2015-16, included 280 competitively selected fellows.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 15 one fellows served in Congress; 245 served in the Innovation Fund, which has awarded $4.5 million since executive branch among 18 agencies or departments, 2014 to five universities and four companies. including overseas missions with the U.S. Agency for Since 1996, RCP has organized expert assessments International Development; and four were placed with for more than $1 billion spent on science initiatives the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle. in the United States and worldwide. In 2015, the In August, the fellows had a chance to meet with program helped states implement and sustain multi- S&T Policy Fellowship alumnus Rush Holt, CEO institutional, interdisciplinary research programs, of AAAS. A physicist by training, Holt called his encompassing assessments of five programs funded fellowship experience “life-changing,” and said that by the National Institutes of Health (in Louisiana, it led to his serving for 16 years in the U.S. House of Mississippi, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Representatives. He told the fellows that he hopes to Oklahoma), and two programs funded by the National enlist their help in advocating for science for years to Science Foundation (in Maine and South Dakota). come. In its work on innovation and entrepreneurship, RCP assumed leadership of the Global Innovation through Promoting Research Competitiveness Science and Technology (GIST) Tech-I competition, The AAAS Research Competitiveness Program and organized the training and judging for the 2015 (RCP) has worked for 20 years to build capacity for Tech-I finals held at the Global Entrepreneurship STEM systems through its work on peer-reviewed Summit in Nairobi, Kenya. RCP was also awarded competitions, program and institutional assessment, funding in 2015 for three GIST Women’s Village trainings, and innovation and entrepreneurship workshops on networking for science and technology initiatives. entrepreneurs, to be held in Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and In 2015, RCP finished the first phase of support Mozambique in 2016. for grant competitions of the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Saudi Arabia. Science for Religion Reporters For seven years, RCP had solicited more than 15,000 The AAAS Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion reviews for about 5,000 proposals for KACST. It program (DoSER) convened independent judges who continues to provide review of grantee progress selected eight writers and broadcasters to receive reports. RCP also in 2015 solicited reviews for more the first Science for Religion Reporters Award, given than 100 applications to the Connecticut Bioscience during the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting. The $2,000 awards recognize journalists whose audiences are attentive to religion and culture, and who demonstrate an interest in reporting about science. The award-winning journalists reach a wide range of audiences, through reporting distributed by such media outlets as CBS, the Religion News Service, The Atlantic, and Sojourners, among others. The program is funded by a grant from The John Templeton Foundation, with support from AAAS.

AAAS staff members Christine Scheller (far left) and Jennifer Wiseman (far right) celebrated the first eight winners of the AAAS Science for Religion Reporters Awards (L-R): Kimberly Winston, Liz Kineke, Kelsey Dallas, Renee Gadoua, Emma Green, Cathy Lynn Grossman, Patti Miller, and Catherine Woodiwiss.

PHOTO: AAAS

16 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 20 15 Government Relations

AAAS Government Relations shares the wide-ranging value of the scientific enterprise with policymakers by communicating directly with Congressional representatives, offering Capitol Hill briefings, and providing evidence-based science and technology updates. It sponsors training to equip and encourage scientists and engineers to become more active in communicating and advocating for science. The group also offers authoritative, ongoing analysis of federal investments in science and engineering research and development.

AAAS Protests Climate-Science Inquiry The chairman of the U.S. House Committee on AAAS led a protest of an inappropriate Congressional Science, Space, and Technology sent subpoenas in inquiry into federal climate-science research that October to NOAA, requesting “all documents and threatened to violate federal scientists’ academic communications” related to the Science paper. AAAS freedom. In June, a research group from the National and seven other science societies sent a letter in Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration support of federal scientists, stating that needlessly (NOAA) published findings in the journal Science, intrusive Congressional inquiries can inhibit scientific showing that what had previously appeared to be a 15- discovery, particularly if scientists are threatened with year slowdown in the rate of global warming early in legal action. the 21st century was likely due to incorrect estimates “Science cannot thrive when policymakers— of surface temperatures, and that warming had regardless of party affiliation—use policy continued at the same rate during that period. disagreements as a pretext to attack scientific

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 17 conclusions without public evidence,” the coalition’s correlate with greater academic and social success letter said. “We are concerned that establishing a later in life, and that such strategies can be taught to practice of inquests directed at federal scientists … improve children’s later outcomes. could well have a chilling effect on the willingness Rep. Jim Cooper (D-Tennessee) and a coalition of of government scientists to conduct research that organizations, including AAAS, the Association of intersects with policy-relevant scientific questions.” American Universities, and the Association of Public- The letter acknowledged the importance of and Land-grant Universities, created the Golden appropriate Congressional oversight of federally Goose award in 2012. Cooper and a bipartisan group of funded research, and suggested that the House Congressional representatives attended the September committee use other established mechanisms for awards ceremony at the Library of Congress. assessing technical information, such as advisory “These awards remind us that scientific reports of the National Academies of Sciences, breakthrough rarely follows the straight and narrow Engineering, and Medicine. path,” said Sen. Chris Coons (D-Delaware), and AAAS also held a symposium and Congressional “how important it is that we continue to support the briefing in October to discuss advances in climate basic research that only the federal government can science and strategies for communicating about sustainably fund.” climate change, while marking the 50th anniversary of the first warning to a U.S. president of the threat posed Analyzing U.S. R&D Funding Trends by climate change. The AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program has been tracking federal spending for research and development Neuroscience, Human Health, and Policy since 1976 by following Congressional debates and bills, The AAAS Neuroscience and Society series organized and by parsing the President’s yearly budget proposals. four public lectures and four Capitol Hill briefings on There has been much to follow of late, as spending topics ranging from the treatment of mental illness in caps on discretionary spending created by the Budget people of all ages, to the complexity of chronic pain. Control Act of 2011 allowed for only a 0.2% increase in Each of the public events, held at AAAS headquarters, spending, before factoring in inflation. drew up to 100 people. The National Science Foundation and the Researchers also addressed policymakers in Department of Energy’s laboratories did have small briefings about topics including how increased access budget increases in 2015, but the National Institutes to marijuana in states where it has been legalized is of Health’s overall budget continued a decade-long affecting teens, and how schools can improve learning decline. After multiple budget adjustments, Congress for children with disabilities such as attention deficit eventually passed an omnibus spending bill for fiscal hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia. The Capitol Hill year 2016 that added 5.2% to the discretionary neuroscience briefings were hosted in conjunction with spending allowance, and provided about an 8% Rep. Chaka Fattah (D-Pennsylvania). increase in R&D spending. The Neuroscience and Society series is supported Matt Hourihan, the AAAS program’s director, by a grant from The Dana Foundation. gave R&D budget briefings on Capitol Hill and at the association’s 40th annual Forum on Science & Golden Goose Awards Technology Policy, in addition to publishing periodic Created to honor odd-sounding basic research that analyses. He told Hill attendees that the United States has led to important benefits for society, the 2015 remains the largest global contributor to R&D, spending Golden Goose Awards were given to seven researchers more than twice as much (in dollars) as China, the who studied self-control strategies, how the brain next largest funder. Two-thirds of U.S. R&D spending is interprets visual stimuli, and the distribution of people generated by industry, with the remainder coming from at various altitudes. the federal government. One winner, psychologist Walter Mischel, designed However, there has been “a very clear shift from the “marshmallow test” in the late 1960s to see how west to east” in recent years, Hourihan said. China, young children can delay gratification to get a larger Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea collectively reward later. He found that distraction works best, and increased their share of global R&D spending from 24% over the next 30 years, he and his colleagues followed in 2000 to 36.8% in 2012. Analysts believe that China up with some of the original subjects of the research. may surpass the United States in total R&D funding They found that having self-control strategies did from all sources by 2019.

18 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT AAAS Joins Rally for Medical Research Engaging Scientists and Engineers in Policy AAAS was one of more than 300 organizations that AAAS and a coalition of universities and science and sent researchers, physicians, and patients to speak engineering societies are working to help researchers, with their Congressional representatives in support science and technology professionals, and students of biomedical research on 17 September. The Rally for become more involved in policy initiatives. The Medical Research was an effort to reverse a decade- Engaging Scientists and Engineers in Policy (ESEP) long decline in federal spending for the National website provides a list of fellowships, internships, Institutes of Health (NIH), whose $29.5 billion budget graduate programs, trainings, degree programs, for 2015 was 22% lower than its 2003 peak, after websites, publications, and more. adjusting for the high rate of inflation in the biomedical The ESEP program has conducted several sciences. workshops at AAAS meetings. ESEP also began People with many conditions, including cancer, a webinar series that allowed participants to influenza, Ebola, and AIDS, are relying on NIH-funded ask questions and interact with experts in real research to find a cure, said NIH Director Francis Collins time. Speakers included AAAS CEO Rush Holt (a during a rally reception. The NIH is the largest funder of former member of Congress), government affairs medical research in the world. representatives for science societies, and lobbyists who Among rally participants appealing to Congress described the tools they use to advocate for science were graduate students who participated in the AAAS policy, and how to use them most effectively. Catalyzing Advocacy in Science and Engineering (CASE) event, a three-day workshop that provides policy, advocacy, and communication training. Close to 80 students representing 43 institutions participated in the second annual CASE workshop. The program was created in response to repeated requests from graduate students who were interested in science policy and advocacy. It encourages attendees to continue their involvement in science policy. Alumni have gone on to become a California Science and Technology Policy Fellow and to participate in similar programs.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 19 20 15 The Science Family of Journals

Science headlines encompassed research advances across the biological, physical, and social sciences, plus penetrating news and analysis meant to expand our knowledge of technology’s role in making traditional notions of privacy obsolete, issues stemming from the emergence of the world’s last isolated tribes from the Amazon rainforest, and Einstein’s 100-year-old general theory of relativity, which continues to underpin cutting-edge physics today, including efforts to trace the origin of the universe.

2015 Research News Fast, Continuous, 3D-Printing Out of Liquid Bath First Scientific Results Researchers developed a method for growing from Flyby of Pluto detailed solids out of a liquid bath at rates that dwarf In the first published three-dimensional (3D) print speeds. Their method results from the flyby of makes it possible to convert 3D designs into parts in the Pluto-Charon system minutes instead of hours. (Tumbleston et al., Science, in 2015, researchers 20 March) reported that the surface of the dwarf planet is A Global Look at Plastic in the Oceans marked by plains, troughs, and peaks that appear to Using comprehensive data from 192 coastal have been carved out by geological processes that countries, researchers estimated that between have been active for a very long period and continue five and 13 million tons of plastic waste wind up to the present. (Stern et al., Science, 16 October) in the world’s oceans every year. Based on their

20 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT projections, this amount could increase tenfold in the New England Cod Collapse next decade, the researchers said. (Jambeck et al., Linked to Warming Waters Science, 13 February) Scientists revealed how rapid warming in the Gulf of Maine correlated to the near collapse of New England’s Personalized Vaccines Target cod stocks, despite cuts to fishery activity. The results Skin Cancer’s Mutations reveal how a warming climate complicates fisheries Researchers who tailored vaccines for different management. (Pershing et al., Science, 30 October) melanoma patients expanded the number and the reach of these patients’ cancer-fighting T cells— Sequencing Tumor providing a shot in the arm for cancer immunotherapy. Alone May Misidentify (Carreno et al., Science, 3 April) Mutations In perhaps the largest- The Oldest Fossil of the Homo Genus scale evaluation of its This analysis of a partial hominin mandible found kind, a study of 815 in Ethiopia with five of its teeth still intact suggests patients across 15 cancer that the Homo genus arose by about 2.8 million years types revealed that ago—almost half a million years earlier than previous compared to genomic evidence had indicated. (Villmoare et al., Science, 6 analysis of tumors alone, analysis of both tumor and March) normal tissue from the same patient more accurately identified cancer-causing mutations. (Jones et al., DNA from Illegal Ivory Science Translational Medicine, 15 April) Points to Poaching Hotspots “Designer Cell” Implants Detect and Treat Psoriasis New genetic tools helped Designer cells programmed to serve as miniature researchers trace illegal disease-sensors and drug factories showed promise ivory back to the African against psoriasis. Researchers built and implanted into elephant populations from mice synthetic cells capable of detecting psoriasis, which it came, creating a automatically producing therapeutic proteins, and mechanism by which to effectively treating the condition. (Schukur et al., assist law-enforcement officials in cracking down on Science Translational Medicine, 16 December) poaching in the future. (Wasser et al., Science, 19 June) Infants Lacking “Good” Bacteria at Measles Risk in Countries Hit by Ebola Greater Asthma Risk Researchers uncovered how healthcare services in Infants with low levels of four protective bugs in their Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea were disrupted gut microbiome are more likely to develop asthma, by the Ebola outbreak, adversely affecting routine this study of 300 children showed. The findings pave vaccination of children against measles—an infection the way to designing a diagnostic screen and probiotic that often follows such humanitarian crises. (Takahashi therapy to prevent at-risk babies from developing et al., Science, 13 March) asthma. (Arrieta et al., Science Translational Medicine, 30 September) Virally Cleansing the Pig Genome with CRISPR In an effort to enable organ transplants into humans, researchers used the CRISPR gene-editing technique to inactivate all 62 copies of a retrovirus in a pig cell line, a significant step on the road to generating pig organs for possible xenotransplantation. (Yang et al., Science, 16 October)

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 21 Burning All Fossil Fuels Other Science Highlights Could Eliminate Powerful Special Issues: Science published 14 Antarctic Ice Sheet substantive special issues on a range of topics, from Researchers who “The End of Privacy,” to “General Relativity at 100,” to performed a long-term “Isolated Tribes in the Amazon.” On 4 September, a modeling study estimated special issue, “Science in Iran,” explored the scientific that if all of the currently challenges and triumphs of a country that has available carbon resources experienced international isolation in recent years. were burned, the Antarctic As Science International News Editor Richard Stone Ice Sheet would melt entirely and trigger a global sea- explained, though decades of economic sanctions level rise of more than 50 meters. (Winkelmann et al., have deprived Iranian scientists of critical scientific Science Advances, 30 September) resources and collaboration, these researchers have persevered, using homespun ingenuity to create their own resources from scratch. Uncontacted Amerindians Exhibit February marked the launch of AAAS’s first open- Extremely Diverse Microbiomes access journal, Science Advances. Scientific reports The microbiome of Amerindian villagers from the published in the journal during its first year described Venezuelan Amazon with no documented contact with the creation of electronic plants that could be Western peoples contains perhaps the highest levels used to speed up plant-based drug development, a of bacterial diversity ever reported in a human group, smartphone system for early earthquake and tsunami researchers reported. (Dominguez-Bello et al., Science warnings, and how exposure to space radiation may Advances, 30 September) put astronauts at risk for cognitive problems. A 2015 Science Advances study on the sixth mass extinction made its way into the top 5% of all research outputs More Than Half of All ever tracked on Altmetric.com, a metrics-reporting site Amazonian Tree Species for scholarly content. Threatened In 2015, AAAS also laid the foundation for the More than half of all tree publication of Science Immunology and Science species in the Amazon may Robotics, both set to launch in 2016. Science be at risk for extinction, Immunology will feature interdisciplinary research this study revealed. The focused on the understanding of problems in results increase the cellular and clinical immunology, including links number of threatened to microbiology. Science Robotics will highlight plant species on Earth by approximately 22%, and new advances in complex engineered systems for could have implications for land-use policy. (ter Steege exploration of and intervention in environments as et al., Science Advances, 20 November) diverse as the body, a factory, land, air, sea, and space. The blog, In the Pipeline, an editorially independent Methylation Takes Signaling Down a Notch commentary on drug discovery and the pharma Researchers showed that chemically tagging the industry by medicinal chemist Derek Lowe, moved to Notch protein with a methyl group helped curb Notch the Science Translational Medicine website, attracting signaling activity, which controls many developmental a wide readership. processes. The finding offers a potential strategy Finally, Science in the Classroom, a program for turning off the pathway and sheds light on why launched in October 2011 with support from the Notch—when defective—drives many cancers National Science Foundation, received a considerable and developmental disorders. (Hein et al., Science boost in funding. The program continues to help Signaling, 24 March) students across the country better understand core science concepts through a freely available site that features specially developed learning exercises and Science research articles annotated by student volunteers.

22 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Honors we brought in The 2014-2015 AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize was Three Science news reporters received prestigious awarded to Eric Betzig and colleagues for the report, journalism prizes. For her story, “Eavesdropping “Lattice light-sheet microscopy: Imaging molecules to on ecosystems,” Science staff writer Kelly Servick embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution,” published was awarded the 2013-2014 Acoustical Society of in Science on 24 October 2014. This microscopy America’s Science Writing Award. Science staff writer advance provides an unprecedented understanding of Eric Hand received the Gold EXCEL Award for the best the inner workings of live cells. According to Science in-depth exploration of a single topic for “Martian Editor-in-Chief Marcia McNutt, “There are several obsession,” published 28 November, 2014. criteria that the selection committee looks for in Judges of the D.C. Science Writers Association an outstanding Newcomb Cleveland awardee, and Newsbrief Award for short journalism recognized this year’s winner had it all: a major advance in the Science staff writer Emily Underwood with honorable field, a well-communicated contribution, and broad mention for her story, “Rats forsake chocolate to save potential application beyond a narrow sub-discipline.” a drowning companion.” The association’s oldest award, the AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize was established in 1923. Now Honors we gave out supported by The Fodor Family Trust, it acknowledges The Grand Prize winner an outstanding paper published in Science’s Articles, of the international Research Articles, or Reports sections. competition for the Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists was Allison Clearly of Pennsylvania State University, recognized for her research on how breast cancer cells cooperate to enable tumor growth. Established in 2013, the $25,000 prize is awarded annually to one young scientist for outstanding life science research. Cleary’s winning essay, “Teamwork: The tumor cell edition” describes how her team’s innovative approach unraveled a mysterious feature of human breast cancer biology— the interactive relationship between tumor cell subpopulations within single tumors, which is needed for tumors to grow. The prize is a coordinated effort of Science/AAAS and four Swedish universities comprising the Science for Life Laboratory, a Swedish national center for molecular biosciences with a focus on health and environmental research. On July 31, AAAS and the journal Science Translational Medicine honored Nicholas Navin, an assistant professor of genetics and bioinformatics at MD Anderson Cancer Center, with the AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, now in its third year. This $25,000 prize recognizes outstanding work by young scientists performing breakthrough cancer research. Navin created the first method for sequencing the genome of an individual cell, which has given scientists a new view into the inner workings of tumors.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 23 20 15 Improving Science Literacy

Through its long-term science-education initiative, Project 2061, AAAS endeavors to improve science, mathematics, and technology literacy for everyone. Project 2061 carries out research and development of tools and curricula to help improve the quality of K–12 science curricula, instruction, and assessments. It collaborates with organizations devoted to science education to promote an approach to learning that helps students understand essential science ideas as they engage in the kinds of activities scientists use every day to answer questions about the world.

Global Influence of Science Literacy Efforts and Entrepreneurship about the project’s efforts to In 2015, Project 2061’s leaders participated in promote science literacy for all, and the role of scientific international conferences about promoting science organizations such as AAAS in reforming education. literacy and science, technology, engineering, and Inspired by Project 2061’s publication, Science for All mathematics (STEM) innovations, and shared results Americans, which defined what a science-literate adult from some of the Project’s work. George DeBoer, should know and be able to do, the Korea Foundation Project 2061’s deputy director, was a keynote speaker for the Advancement of Science and Creativity (KOFAC) at the 2015 Shanghai International Forum on Science is working to create a similar document for Koreans. Literacy for Adolescents in September. He described the evolution of science standards for education in Bringing Energy Concepts to Teens the United States, and the challenges of taking a more Project 2061 received a grant from the U.S. integrated approach to teaching STEM. Department of Education’s Institute of Education Director Jo Ellen Roseman spoke in July at the Sciences to develop a six-week curriculum unit for U.S.-Korea Conference on Science, Technology, high-school biology students. The new unit will help

24 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT develop students’ understanding of energy transfer New Weather@School Website Launched and conservation in both living and non-living systems A new website developed by Project 2061, so that they can explain fundamental processes in WeatherSchool@AAAS (weatherschool.aaas.org), living organisms, a major topic in most high-school uses real-world data collected from around the biology courses. globe to teach fundamental concepts of weather “Energy concepts are quite abstract and can and climate. In a series of interactive modules that be very difficult for students, especially in a life- include graphing tools, data sets, guided activities, and science context,” said Jo Ellen Roseman, Project quizzes, middle- and high-school students can learn 2061’s director. “Many middle-school students and how moving air masses cause day-to-day temperature college undergraduates share some of the same variations, how geographic factors such as elevation misunderstandings about energy, so it’s clear that a above sea level influence temperature, and how the whole new approach is needed.” movement of the Earth in relation to the sun affects To help make ideas about energy more concrete, temperatures over the course of a year. the new unit will use a variety of analogies, beginning The new site is consistent with recommendations with phenomena drawn from more familiar physical in the Next Generation Science Standards, and it systems such as combustion and charging a encourages teachers to integrate the core ideas that cellphone battery. Building on these experiences, students are learning with the practices of science, the unit will then help students understand that the such as generating data, creating graphs and tables, same energy-releasing and energy-requiring chemical and looking for relationships and patterns. reactions also occur in living organisms—they are just more complex and difficult to observe. Examples of Searching for Standards-Aligned Curricula biological energy transfers include cellular respiration, While 12 states and the District of Columbia have and creating a charge across a membrane in adopted new Next Generation Science Standards mitochondria and nerve cells. (NGSS) for K-12 classrooms, educators are struggling The unit will also have students work with a range of to find teaching materials and curricula that fit with models, such as interactive simulations and virtual labs, the standards’ goals. In response, Project 2061 in April designed to help them think about and explore energy led a symposium at the annual meeting of the National phenomena and make sense of their observations. Association for Research in Science Teaching. Three Over the course of the three-year curriculum case studies were presented, in which curriculum project, the research team will design a professional- materials were analyzed using the Educators development program and materials for teachers, Evaluating the Quality of Instructional Products plus a set of assessments for evaluating students’ (EQuIP) Rubric developed by Achieve, an organization understanding of the concepts presented in the new unit. that helped to create the NGSS. “Everyone is desperately looking for examples Workshops for Educators of what [NGSS] looks like in curriculum materials Science teachers, curriculum and assessment and teaching,” said Jo Ellen Roseman, director of specialists, and education researchers continued Project 2061. Educators are also going to need tools to turn to Project 2061 for help in improving their and measures they can use to evaluate textbook students’ learning. Nearly 70 educators attended publishers’ claims that their materials are “NGSS- Project 2061 workshops in 2015 to learn more about aligned,” she said. The NGSS standards emphasize developing and using high-quality science curricula three main dimensions of science learning: science and assessments, including those that are designed to practices for investigating the world, crosscutting support Next Generation Science Standards. Attendees concepts common to all scientific topics, and core also included middle-school teachers who were getting ideas within scientific disciplines. ready to use the project’s new Toward High School Roseman and her colleagues reported that the Biology curriculum unit. EQuIP tool helped them to identify strengths and In addition to introducing the Project’s research and weaknesses of curricula in several key ways, and development efforts, the workshops gave participants engaging in the EQuIP analysis deepened their a chance to try out its tools and resources for understanding of the NGSS and its vision for science themselves. They engaged in activities from the new teaching and learning. curriculum unit, for example, and used diagnostic test items from the Project’s science-assessment website.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 25 20 Education, Outreach, 15 and Careers

Improving education and opportunities for students and professionals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a primary goal of AAAS. This not only benefits individuals, but society, which needs science-literate citizens and a well-trained STEM workforce. The Education and Human Resources Programs team at AAAS oversees internships, awards, training programs, and conferences that reach out to women and underrepresented groups to ensure that society will have access to a full spectrum of STEM talent.

Emerging Researchers Many of the students attending the ERN conference More than 1,000 students, researchers, professors, participate in programs funded by the NSF’s Division and administrators from 240 colleges and universities of Human Resources Development, which provides attended the 2015 Emerging Researchers National opportunities for underrepresented minorities, (ERN) Conference in STEM, hosted by AAAS and women, and persons with disabilities to pursue the National Science Foundation (NSF). The ERN research and education in STEM fields. conference, held annually in Washington, D.C., The conference tries to provide a supportive, provides an opportunity for undergraduate and encouraging space for students who face additional graduate students in STEM fields to enhance their barriers to entering science to present their research, science-communication skills through poster and oral often for the first time, said Shirley Malcom, director presentations, and to benefit from career-information of AAAS Education and Human Resources Programs. sessions on topics such as applying to graduate “This is a wonderful entrée into being able to see schools, funding higher education, and STEM career yourself as part of the scientific community,” she told trends. attendees.

26 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT AAAS-Lemelson Invention Ambassadors them on their course. “As I evaluate all the mentorship Seven men and women from academia and industry that I had during my chemistry career, I would like to joined the second class of AAAS-Lemelson Invention pass that along to my students,” said Luisa Whittaker- Ambassadors in July. Formed by a partnership between Brooks, an assistant professor of chemistry at the AAAS and The Lemelson Foundation, the program is University of Utah. She became interested in science as designed to cultivate a new and diverse generation of a high-school student in Panama, thanks in large part inventors, and to increase understanding of the role to an enthusiastic teacher who told her that she had a of invention in creating new products and establishing bright future in chemistry. new businesses. AAAS also administers the L’Oréal USA for The Ambassdors, who together hold more than 220 Women in Science Fellowship, which awarded five patents, were selected for their high regard for the women with $60,000 research grants in October. role of invention, their success with invention, their The recipients were an exoplanet astrophysicist, a accomplished professional careers, a commitment marine microbiologist, a synthetic biologist, a cancer to invention’s role in impacting environmental bioengineer, and a condensed matter physicist. sustainability, and their interest in speaking to different The Elsevier Foundation Awards for Women in audiences. “All of us have an inventor inside of us,” said Science in the Developing World, with its partners, the Ambassador Lisa Seacat DeLuca, the most prolific Organization for Women in Science for the Developing woman inventor in IBM history. World and the World Academy of Sciences, also recognize early-career women scientists. Each year, EntryPoint! Widens the S&T Pipeline five women are awarded $5,000 and a trip to the AAAS Twenty-seven undergraduate students with disabilities Annual Meeting. The 2015 winners from Nigeria, Sudan, got a chance to try out working in STEM positions, and Vietnam were selected for their contributions to through internships facilitated by the AAAS EntryPoint! nanoparticle physics, atmospheric physics, medical Program. Launched in 1996, the program has recruited physics, and computational mathematics, and their students to work in industry, universities, and efforts to encourage other women to pursue STEM government agencies, including at NASA, Georgia Tech, careers. Gilbert S. Omenn, a past AAAS president, and and Johns Hopkins University. Martha Darling helped to support the awards. Of the 580 alumni of the program, more than 80% are now working in STEM fields, and alumni sometimes Mass Media Fellows March On mentor new students, said Laureen Summers, the Most of the 2015 AAAS Mass Media Science and program’s coordinator. It is the only such program for Engineering Fellows began their 10-week internships disabled college students that focuses on STEM jobs, at Scientific American, Slate, WIRED, the Los she said. Angeles Times, NPR, and other outlets having little or no journalism experience—just a knowledge of Changing the Face of Science science and a desire to share it while improving their While the number of women entering STEM careers, communication skills. Afterward, about two-thirds said including faculty positions in academia, has been that they would like to continue to work in journalism, growing, women, along with minorities and persons and many of those who will return to science say with disabilities, are still underrepresented in these they want to continue to use the skills they honed to fields. AAAS sponsors several awards to help women communicate about science with the public. succeed in science. ”This program helps in both ways. Not only do we Four women were awarded the first AAAS Marion have some of the best science journalists anywhere Milligan Mason Awards for Women in the Chemical who have come out of this program and now give back Sciences in October. The award is named for a long- to this program, but we also have dynamic scientists time AAAS member and chemist who left a $2.2 million who have come out of this program, and they are bequest to provide funding for early-career women also excellent communicators,” said Shirley Malcom, researchers. The $50,000 awards, which help winners director of Education and Human Resources Programs do research and attract and mentor graduate students, at AAAS. The highly competitive fellowship is open will continue to be awarded to three women every two to upper-level undergraduate students, graduate years for the next 20 years. students, or post-doctoral scholars in STEM fields. At an awards ceremony at AAAS, four winners spoke with appreciation for the mentors who helped to steer

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 27 20 15 AAAS Divisions

The three divisions of AAAS serve as regional networks for scientists and engineers. Through annual meetings and other events, the Divisions also provide a forum for scientists and local communities to discuss issues that benefit from scientific input. In 2015, AAAS Divisions addressed the health of Arctic coastal regions in the face of climate change, international research collaborations with Cuba, and the effects of human population growth and development, particularly in the Galápagos Islands.

Caribbean Division international scientific collaborations. Established The 30th annual meeting of the AAAS Caribbean in 1861, the Academy was the first association of its Division convened 12 September in San Juan, Puerto kind in the New World. Rico. Carlos A. Torres Ramos, an assistant professor Two centuries later, following the Cuban at the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Revolution, the country intensely focused on building and president of the AAAS Caribbean Division, its capacities in education, science, and medicine. welcomed more than 150 scientists, educators, and Today, Cuba’s biotechnology industry exports a students who attended the day-long event, which number of important vaccines and other biomedical had three concurrent sessions on themes of science technologies, and the country’s infant mortality rates education and sustainability. and average lifespans are roughly comparable to Sergio Jorge Pastrana, the executive director those in the United States. and secretary of foreign affairs at the Academy of Pastrana has been a key figure in many Sciences of Cuba, gave the keynote address on science-related partnerships between Cuba and the Academy of Sciences of Cuba and its role in other countries, including the United States. He

28 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT participated in an April conference on science Pacific Division diplomacy, held at AAAS headquarters, and earlier, With a special focus on the 180th anniversary he took part in a meeting between the Cuban of Darwin’s visit to the Galápagos Islands, the Academy of Sciences and a AAAS-led delegation AAAS Pacific Division explored “Science in the in Havana. That conference resulted in a joint Anthropocene” during its 14-17 June annual meeting agreement to foster joint cooperation in biomedical at San Francisco State University. The gathering also research (for more information, see page 12). began a celebration of the 100th anniversary of the year when the Pacific Division was founded. Arctic Division Approximately 450 scientists, educators, The health and sustainability of near-shore zones and students, and science enthusiasts from across the estuaries in the face of climate change was the focus western United States attended the event, which of the 2015 Arctic Science Conference, which took was open to the public. Richard Cardullo, president place 1-3 October. These areas, where freshwater of the AAAS Pacific Division and professor of biology and oceans meet, serve as a gateway for fish and at the University of California, Riverside, gave the other migratory animals. They are increasingly Pacific Division presidential address on the science important and vulnerable as climate change affects of human population growth and control. their chemistry and biology, and as it opens new sea The three-day symposium featured more than routes. 30 speakers who discussed new research and a The conference, which was hosted by the range of issues related to the Galápagos Islands, University of Alaska Anchorage, also served as with sessions on the ecological impacts of human the annual meeting of the AAAS Arctic Division. activities, and the status and conservation of Researchers from the life, physical, and social the islands’ native plant and animal species. The sciences as well as artists and educators attended program also included a variety of symposia on the meeting. other topics, including building relationships The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the lower between racially diverse communities and police latitudes, according to the Arctic Report Card, departments, 3D printing and open-source prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric technology in science, technology, engineering, and Administration (NOAA). As a result, scientists are mathematics education, as well as factors driving trying to track the changes it is undergoing to the emergence of vector-borne diseases. learn what may eventually occur in more populated The Pacific Division’s annual meeting was co- southern regions, said Larry Duffy, executive director sponsored by the California Academy of Sciences of the AAAS Arctic Division. and Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society. “What we see happening in the north within the biota and the physical environment will happen later at lower latitudes, but with a much bigger impact,” said Duffy, a professor of biochemistry at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. “When we talk here about a village of 500 people being eroded away, that’s a problem. But when we talk about New York and New Jersey losing a portion of their coast due to sea-level rise—that’s a big problem.” The warming temperatures also create stress on the 4 million people who live in the Arctic region, many of whom are indigenous people who rely on subsistence hunting and fishing. Arctic communities are seeing more frequent and severe extreme weather events, changing animal migration patterns, disappearing traditional ice paths, increasing tree lines, and eroding riverbanks, reported Mary Dallas Allen, associate professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage School of Social Work. Arctic communities are losing what it means to be home, she said.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 29 20 Advancing Science Through 15 Philanthropy

Philanthropic support and strategic partnerships allow AAAS to speak up on behalf of science, engineering, and society as opportunities and challenges arise. Our donors demonstrate strong vision and a deep commitment to the future of science through contributions to our Flexible Action Fund and support for specific programs.

A Transformative Gift from the President (now the Office of Science and Technology Golden Family Foundation Policy), the President’s Science Advisory Committee Last fall, Lifetime Giving Society donor Sibyl R. Golden (today, the President’s Committee of Advisors on revealed her intention to make a gift of $4 million to Science and Technology, or PCAST), and the National AAAS, through the Golden Family Foundation. News Science Foundation. of one of the most generous gifts in AAAS history His influence was also a transformational force for generated significant excitement in the William T. AAAS. Mr. Golden served as AAAS Treasurer from 1969 Golden Center for Science and Engineering—the AAAS to 1999, and as Honorary Treasurer until 2007. Over headquarters building in Washington, D.C. those 30 years, his generosity and foresight led to the Ms. Golden’s gift honors her late father, William T. creation of many of our best-known programs, including Golden, who was well-known for his contributions to the signature Science and Technology Policy Fellowships science policy and his long career of public service program, which has been placing scientists in executive, and philanthropy. His input led to many milestones legislative, and judiciary branch offices since 1973. for the science enterprise, including the appointment AAAS CEO Rush Holt is one of more than 3,000 of the first Science Advisor to the President and the alumni of that program. “Bill Golden’s legacy is Secretary of State, and the creation of the Office of unparalleled. He has transformed the science-policy Science and Technology in the Executive Office of the world, AAAS, and even my own career,” Holt said.

30 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT The recent Golden Family Foundation contribution science communication training, networking, and is second in magnitude only to Mr. Golden’s 2003 plan development. gift of $5.25 million, which established the William The Leshner Leadership Institute was established T. Golden Fund for Program Innovation. At the time, in 2015 with support from more than 130 Mr. Golden said, ”I have great respect for the AAAS, philanthropic gifts. The first cohort will focus on as well as great affection and admiration for it, and I climate change; the second will address infectious believe that the organization can become even more disease. Subsequent fellows will focus on other areas useful to society.” His gift was intended to serve as of science. To learn more about this work and how the catalyst for creative, new, high-impact ideas to support it, contact the Office of Philanthropy and that would not otherwise be funded as part of the Strategic Partnerships at 202-326-6636. association’s budget. And so it has, for just over a decade. In its first 12 First AAAS Marion Milligan Mason Awards Honor years, more than 40 projects have received support Early Career Women Chemists from the Golden Fund, ranging from the popular In October 2015, the first AAAS Marion Milligan Leadership Seminar in Science and Technology Mason Awards for Women in the Chemical Sciences Policy—a one-week “crash course” designed for were awarded to four outstanding women. The those who need to know how S&T policy works, to awards, made possible by a $2.2 million bequest to communication tools and training for scientists; and a AAAS, provide each chemist with $50,000 to ramp Chinese-language portal for EurekAlert!, the science- up their research projects while mentoring their own news consortium established by AAAS for some students. Marion Mason’s gift honors her family’s 12,000 reporter-registrants; as well as key activities commitment to higher education for women. (See to build capacity for philanthropy. also the Education, Outreach, and Careers section of Ms. Golden’s 2015 contribution in her father’s this report.) memory, which brings the William T. Golden Fund for Program Innovation to more than $9 million, creates opportunities for initiatives not otherwise possible, and will enhance AAAS’s ability to pursue creative, innovative endeavors well into the future.

Leshner Leadership Institute Fellows Announced AAAS has announced the first fellows of the Alan I. Leshner Leadership Institute for Public Engagement with Science. All are climate scientists with an interest in promoting dialogue between science and society. The fellows will plan and implement climate communication activities with assistance from AAAS and work to promote public engagement within their institutions and professional communities. In June 2016, the Leshner Marion Milligan Mason Award Winners: From left, Rush Holt, Shirley Malcom, and Geraldine fellows will convene at AAAS Richmond, representing AAAS, joined winners Luisa Whittaker-Brooks, Kristin Parent, Katherine headquarters for a week Mackey, and Alison Fout. At right is AAAS Board Member Laura Greene. of public engagement and PHOTO: MICHAEL COLELLA/COLELLADIGITAL.COM

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 31 20 15 AAAS Awards and Prizes

The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers, educators, and journalists. We congratulate each of our distinguished winners.

Eric Lander AAAS PHILIP HAUGE ABELSON PRIZE PHOTO: TONY CENICOLA/THE NEW YORK TIMES/REDUX The Philip Hauge Abelson Prize, established in 1985, is awarded to a public servant in recognition of sustained exceptional contributions to advancing science, or to a scientist whose career has been distinguished both by scientific achievement and other notable services to the scientific community. Dr. Eric Lander was recognized for advancing science and serving society through his extraordinary contributions to science, and for his ability to explain science to the public and students as well as his work bringing science to bear in serving the public.

Sir Peter Gluckman AAAS AWARD FOR SCIENCE DIPLOMACY Established in 2010, the AAAS Award for Science Diplomacy recognizes an individual or a limited number of individuals working together in the scientific and engineering or foreign affairs communities to make an outstanding contribution to furthering science diplomacy. Professor Sir Peter Gluckman was recognized for transforming the theory and practice of science diplomacy in New Zealand and internationally, and for uniting national science advice by successfully bringing both fields together into a global network to strategically address global challenges.

32 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Rita Elmore of AAAS, with Eric Lander, winner of the AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize.

PHOTO: ©2016 ATLANTIC PHOTO—BOSTON

Jean Maria Arrigo AAAS AWARD FOR SCIENTIFIC FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY The AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, established in 1980, honors scientists, engineers, and their organizations whose exemplary actions, sometimes taken at significant personal cost, have served to foster scientific freedom and responsibility. Dr. Jean Maria Arrigo was honored for her courage and persistence in advocating for ethical behavior among her fellow psychologists, the importance of international human rights standards, and against torture.

Mark Rosin AAAS EARLY-CAREER AWARD FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE The AAAS Early-Career Award for Public Engagement with Science, established in 2010 through the generosity of several AAAS donors, recognizes early-career scientists and engineers who demonstrate excellence in their contribution to public engagement with science activities. Dr. Mark Rosin was honored for his broad range of creative and sustainable public-engagement strategies that target audiences who may not be actively seeking science information.

Mark Miodownik AAAS AWARD FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE The AAAS Award for Public Engagement with Science, formerly the Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology, was established in 1987 and recognizes working scientists and engineers who make outstanding contributions to the “popularization of science.” Dr. Mark Miodownik was recognized for his enthusiastic and successful commitment to public engagement, and for igniting a sense of wonder about the world by unveiling the interplay between science, engineering, and the society.

Christine Grant AAAS MENTOR AWARD The AAAS Mentor Award, established in 1996, honors AAAS members who have mentored significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups, or who have changed the climate of a department, college, or institution to significantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences. This award is directed toward individuals who have mentored students for less than 25 years. Dr. Christine Grant was recognized for facilitating dramatic education and research changes that are leading to a significant production of African American doctorates and females in chemical engineering.

Saundra Yancy McGuire AAAS MENTOR AWARD FOR LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT The AAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement, established in 1991, honors AAAS members who have mentored significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups, or who have changed the climate of a department, college, institution, or field to significantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences. This award is directed toward individuals with more than 25 years of success in mentoring students. Dr. Saundra Yancy McGuire was recognized for her transformative impact and contributions toward creating a diverse doctorate workforce in the field of chemistry.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 33 AAAS NEWCOMB CLEVELAND PRIZE Supported by The Fodor Family Trust The Association’s oldest award, the AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize was established in 1923 with funds donated by Newcomb Cleveland of New York City. Now supported by The Fodor Family Trust, the Prize acknowledges an outstanding paper published in the Articles, Research Articles, or Reports sections of Science. The 2014-2015 Newcomb Cleveland Prize was awarded to Bi-Chang Chen, Wesley R. Legant, Kai Wang, Lin Shao, Daniel E. Milkie, Michael W. Davidson, Chris Janetopoulos, Xufeng S. Wu, John A. Hammer III, Zhe Liu, Brian P. English, Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue, Daniel P. Romero, Alex T. Ritter, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Lillian Fritz-Laylin, R. Dyche Mullins, Diana M. Mitchell, Joshua N. Bembenek, Anne-Cecile Reymann, Ralph Böhme, Stephan W. Grill, Jennifer T. Wang, Geraldine Seydoux, U. Serdar Tulu, Daniel P. Kiehart, and Eric Betzig for their outstanding research article, “Lattice light-sheet microscopy: Imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution,” published in Science 24 October 2014.

AAAS/SUBARU SB&F PRIZES FOR EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE BOOKS The AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prizes for Excellence in Science Books, established in 2005, celebrate outstanding science writing and illustration for children and young adults.

CHILDREN’S SCIENCE PICTURE BOOK A Chicken Followed Me Home! Questions and Answers About a Familiar Fowl Robin Page, Author and Illustrator (Beach Lane Books)

MIDDLE GRADES

SCIENCE BOOK The Octopus Scientists: Exploring the Mind of a Mollusk Sy Montgomery (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)

HANDS-ON

SCIENCE BOOK A Kid’s Guide to Keeping Chickens Melissa Caughey (Storey Publishing)

YOUNG ADULT SCIENCE BOOK How to Clone a Mammoth: The Science of De-Extinction Beth Shapiro (Princeton University Press)

34 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT AAAS KAVLI SCIENCE JOURNALISM AWARDS These awards, endowed by the late Fred Kavli and The Kavli Foundation, recognize excellence in reporting for a general audience and honor individual reporters for their coverage of the sciences, engineering, and mathematics. A generous doubling of the program endowment by The Kavli Foundation permitted two awards in each of the eight categories for the first time—a Gold Award and a Silver Award—and opened the competition to entries from journalists worldwide.

LARGE NEWSPAPER— IN-DEPTH REPORTING (MORE THAN 20 MINUTES) CIRCULATION OF 150,000 OR MORE Gold Award Gold Award Jonathan Renouf and Alex Freeman Andrea K. McDaniels BBC The Baltimore Sun Silver Award Silver Award Lone Frank and Pernille Rose Grønkjær Nathaniel Herzberg Danish Broadcasting Corporation Le Monde

RADIO SMALL NEWSPAPER— Gold Award CIRCULATION LESS THAN 150,000 Rami Tzabar and Angela Saini Gold Award BBC Radio 4 and BBC World Service Matthew Miller Lansing State Journal Silver Award Dan Kraker and Elizabeth Dunbar Silver Award Minnesota Public Radio Helga Rietz Neue Zürcher Zeitung (Switzerland) ONLINE Gold Award MAGAZINE Mark Harris Gold Award Backchannel Alexandra Witze Nature and Science News Silver Award Kevin Sack, Sheri Fink, Pam Belluck and Adam Silver Award Nossiter, with Daniel Berehulak, Dan Edge (for Amanda Gefter Frontline), and The New York Times graphics team Nautilus The New York Times

TELEVISION SPOT NEWS/FEATURE REPORTING CHILDREN’S SCIENCE NEWS (20 MINUTES OR LESS) Gold Award Gold Award Stephen Ornes Katie Campbell Science News for Students KCTS 9 (Seattle)

Silver Award Silver Award Joan Cartan-Hansen Miles O’Brien Idaho Public Television PBS NewsHour

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 35 20 AAAS Fellows 15

AAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made significant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies, and the communication of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section affiliation, were elected Fellows in fall 2015. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their services to science and technology.

SECTION ON SECTION ON Frédéric J. de Sauvage Song Tan Joseph S. Merola AGRICULTURE, FOOD, ATMOSPHERIC AND John DiGiovanni Carolyn M. Teschke David E. Morris AND RENEWABLE HYDROSPHERIC Beverly M. Emerson Joe M. Tohme Kate H. Murashige RESOURCES SCIENCE Christoph J. Fahrni Kenneth W. Turteltaub Ralph G. Nuzzo Claudia Benitez-Nelson Arthur G. Appel Melville Brockett Fenton Ratna K. Vadlamudi M. Parans Paranthaman David Bromwich Kathryn J. Boor Gerald R. Fink Ilya Vakser Robin N. Perutz Qiang Fu Judith K. Brown Maureen Anne Gannon William Edward Walden Reuben J. Peters William H. Hooke Ronald David Green Scott Lyell Gardner Wenyi Wei Eli Pollak Michael D. King Michael Andrew Grusak Pamela K. Geyer Beverly Wendland Andrzej Rajca Brian K. Lamb Jan W. Hopmans Helen Haskell Hobbs Dong Xu Tariq M. Rana Zhanqing Li Ken Lee Leonard (Jim) S. Philip L. Yeagle Louis Terminello Jean Lynch-Stieglitz Andrew (Sandy) M. Jefferson William E. Zamer Rao M. Uppu Sergey A. Nizkorodov Liebhold Hailing Jin Janos Zempleni R. Bruce Weisman Ronald S. Oremland Thomas L. Marsh Paul Stephen Keim Ning Zheng Paul H. Wine Marc B. Parlange Philip Gordon Pardey Hannah L. Klein Jay R. Winkler Cora Einterz Randall Randall S. Prather Alberto R. Kornblihtt SECTION ON Jackie Y. Ying Jose M. Rodriguez CHEMISTRY James M. Reecy Damian J. Krysan Timothy S. Zwier Dennis Tirpak Mark R. Riley Dennis Edward Kyle David B. Berkowitz Compton James Tucker III R. Michael Roberts David L. Lentz William F. Carroll, Jr. SECTION ON Arthur Mallay Lesk Arthur J. Carty DENTISTRY AND ORAL G. Philip Robertson SECTION ON HEALTH Daniel P. Schachtman BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Maria C. Linder Xi Chen SCIENCES Ravi Prakash Singh Cheryl H. Arrowsmith Erik A. Lundquist Luis A. Colón William Giannobile Zhiyong Wang Irina Artsimovitch Pierre P. Massion Gregg B. Fields Francis L. Macrina Frank F. White Jacques Balthazart Michael J. Matunis Leonard W. Fine Thomas E. Van Dyke Roger Philip Wise Tamar Barkay William W. Metcalf Edith M. Flanigen Armin Philipp Moczek Cassandra L. Fraser Michelle Barton SECTION ON Ingrid Fritsch SECTION ON Steven R. Beissinger Cynthia Casson Morton EDUCATION ANTHROPOLOGY Robert K. Moyzis Peter F. Green Michael A. Bell Carol Bender Timothy G. Bromage Steven A. Murawski Masa-aki Haga Keith Louis Bildstein Lin Chambers Bruce M. Latimer Gerd P. Pfeifer Craig Jon Hawker Douglass L. Black Edward E. Geary Thomas W. McDade Ellen K. Pikitch Christopher P. Jaroniec Julie A. Brill Theodore Hodapp David W. Piston Michael Lawrence Klein Kathleen A. O’Connor Emily A. Buchholtz Watson M. Laetsch Carolyn M. Price Lon B. Knight, Jr. Michael D. Rose Zachary F. Burton Rochelle D. Schwartz- Richard R. Wilk Andrea Califano Jan A. Randall Shu Kobayashi Bloom Yury Chernoff Joseph C. Reese Amnon Kohen Samuel M. Taylor SECTION ON Karlene A. Cimprich Louise A. Rollins-Smith Bern Kohler ASTRONOMY Jerry David Cohen David G. Schatz Jay A. LaVerne SECTION ON Sarbani Basu David O. Conover Brian Silliman Dennis L. Lichtenberger ENGINEERING Edmund Bertschinger Nancy J. Cox Temple F. Smith Timothy E. Long James Hiram Aylor Matthew Colless Gerald R. Crabtree C. Neal Stewart, Jr. Walter Loveland David F. Bahr Lucy-Ann A. McFadden Kendra L. Daly Beth A. Sullivan Michael J. Maroney Ian Baker Timothy A. McKay Hans G. Dam Guerrero LuZhe Sun E.W. “Bert” Meijer Karl K. Berggren

36 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Venkat R. Bhethanabotla Paul L. Koch Gen-Sheng Feng SECTION ON SECTION ON SOCIETAL R. Byron Bird M. Susan Lozier Michael A. Frohman PHARMACEUTICAL IMPACTS OF SCIENCE Marc Cahay Michael Mann Stephen J. Galli SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Shu Chien Douglas Burton Gabriel Hortobagyi James T. Dalton Cathleen A. Campbell Lalit Chordia Richardson Robert E. Hurst Courtney V. Fletcher David Goldston Ted Allen Conway J. Donald Rimstidt Christopher D. Kontos Stephen B. Howell Owen D. Jones Dennis E. Discher David Stahle Mitchell Kronenberg Patricia D. Kroboth Kathleen M. Rest Jon Dobson Calvin J. Kuo Cynthia Moreton Kuhn SECTION ON Dominique M. Durand SECTION ON HISTORY E. Douglas Lewandowski Richard R. Neubig AND PHILOSOPHY OF STATISTICS Greg Evans Asrar B. Malik Alan Paau SCIENCE Michael Paul Cohen Yuguang “Michael” Fang Robert J. Matusik Doodipala Samba Reddy Anne Fagot-Largeault Bruce A. Craig Donald P. Gaver III Lopa Mishra Sandra D. Mitchell SECTION ON PHYSICS Patricia A. Jacobs K. Jane Grande-Allen Beverly S. Mitchell Mark A. Eriksson Alan F. Karr Vincent G. Harris SECTION ON Vincent Monnier Raymond Fonck Stephen Portnoy Kevin J. Hemker INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE Hugh M. O’Brodovich James Matthew Robins Marwan K. Khraisheh & TECHNOLOGY Paul A. Offit Martin Greven Daniel O. Stram Timothy L. Killeen Hiroshi Nagano Mark E. Peeples Andreas J. Heinrich Chih-Ling Tsai Shankar Mahalingam Shigeo (Ted) Oyama Mark R. Philips A.T. Charlie Johnson, Jr. Alyson G. Wilson William H. Mischo Philip Shapira David Joseph Pintel Steven M. Kahn Sushanta K. Mitra Thomas Zacharia Vito Quaranta Duncan McBride Babatunde Ogunnaike Peter S. Rabinovitch Adilson E. Motter Martin Richardson SECTION ON William N. Rom Sekazi Kauze Mtingwa Ian M. Robertson INFORMATION, Jeffrey M. Rosen Beate Schmittmann COMPUTING & Gary Shiu Shelly E. Sakiyama- COMMUNICATION Victor L. Schuster Elbert Alan L. Scott Michelle Simmons Legand L. Burge III Mark T. Swihart Melinda Wharton Mark Trodden James W. Demmel Michael W. Vannier Mark Yeager Bruce Randall Donald SECTION ON Haiyan Wang Qing Yi Kenneth M. Ford PSYCHOLOGY Hong Yang Bruce Hendrickson Rebecca D. Burwell Tian C. Zhang SECTION ON Anna W. Topol Laurence Baker Leonard Yuwen Zhang NEUROSCIENCE Erik Winfree David G. Myers Andrew L. Zydney Edwin George (Ted) Victor W. Zue Abel III Scott Plous SECTION ON GENERAL Robert E. Burke J. Edward Russo INTEREST IN SCIENCE SECTION ON John R. Huguenard Paula R. Skedsvold AND ENGINEERING LINGUISTICS & Kiran K. Soma LANGUAGE SCIENCES Anumantha G. Barry Aprison Kanthasamy Jeffrey M. Zacks Victor Golla Carla Carlson Edward H. Koo John J. McCarthy Monica M. Metzler Shinn-Zong Lin SECTION ON SOCIAL, David Evans Shaw Paul S. Mischel ECONOMIC AND SECTION ON POLITICAL SCIENCES Louis J. Ptáček MATHEMATICS Chloe E. Bird SECTION ON GEOLOGY Thomas A. Rando & GEOGRAPHY Daniel L. Goroff Thomas A. DiPrete Peter Kuchment Anna Wang Roe Marie-Pierre Aubry Jerald Hage Reinhard C. William W. Seeley Annalisa Berta Marie Currie Thursby Laubenbacher Michael N. Shadlen David P. Dethier Howard A. Levine Pamela Jean Shaw Jacqueline Eaby Dixon Steven A. Siegelbaum Timothy H. Dixon SECTION ON MEDICAL Ethan R. Signer Frank R. Ettensohn SCIENCES Edward L. Stuenkel Janet Franklin Joey V. Barnett Kent E. Vrana Andrew J. Friedland Peter A. Barry Steve Frolking Gordon R. Bernard Nancy L. Jackson Robert David Burk R. James Kirkpatrick John M. Carethers

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 37 20 Acknowledgment of Contributors 15 and Patron Members

The AAAS Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose commitment to AAAS has sustained our efforts to advance science in the service of society and supported new activities in 2015.

Lifetime Giving Society The Lifetime Giving Society recognizes individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS.

Stephen & Janelle Fodor Edith D. Neimark Carol Raugust† Sibyl R. Golden Gilbert S. Omenn & Martha A. Darling The Roger & Ellen Revelle Family Fred Kavli† Daniel Pinkel David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw Alan & Agnes Leshner The Pitts Family William F. Ward†

Edison Society The Edison Society recognizes individuals who pave the way for the success of AAAS and our efforts on behalf of science and society through their leadership gifts throughout the year.

$100,000 $50,000–$99,999 $25,000–$49,999 $10,000–$24,999 and above Kenneth A. Cowin Rush Holt & Margaret The Barkley Fund Sibyl R. Golden & Stephen & Janelle Fodor Lancefield Lewis & Connie Branscomb the Golden Family Benjamin C. Hammett Alan & Agnes Leshner Denise N. & Gary S. David Daniel Pinkel Alice S. Huang & David John W. Rowe, M.D. Gregory S. Ferriss Carol T. Raugust† Baltimore David Evans Shaw Randal J. Kirk Lawrence H. Linden Pauline P. Lee, in memory of Phillip A. & Ann H. Sharp Bernard S. Lee David E. Shaw & Dennis Liotta Beth Kobliner Shaw Robert B. Litterman † William F. Ward Gordon E. & Betty I. Moore Gilbert S. Omenn & Martha A. Darling Edward E. Penhoet Robert & Joan Rechnitz

“ I support AAAS because of its critical role in educating lawmakers so that they better understand the science behind policy decisions.” – Kenneth A. Cowin

38 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT †Deceased President’s Circle Each year, contributions from our President’s Circle donors support our most timely and important activities.

$5,000–$9,999 Ersen Arseven Henry L. Ehrlich Richard D. Holland C. Dan Mote, Jr. David P. Bahner Charles & Shirley Rush Holt & Margaret William A. Murphy, Jr. Anonymous, in memory Eigenbrot Lancefield, in memory of Myrtle Ray Zeiber, David P. Balamuth Venkatesh of Helen Froelich Holt Jill Sharon Sheridon, R. Larry Baldwin Larry D. & Kas Eldridge Narayanamurti Tucker Hake Mary C. Barber Ahmed Elmagarmid Gabriel N. Hortobagyi Paul E. Neiman, MD Janet J. Asimov Roger & Terry Beachy William B. Fagan Gordon R. Hough Billie C. Nelson Fred A. Blum Nicholas A. Begovich Federico Faggin David C. Humm Richard A. & Joan F. Vinton G. Cerf Daniel Berg Mary C. Farach-Carson Joan Morthland Newmark Hutchins Helen R. Churella Margaret & Will Betchart Craig & Alison Fields John E. Niederhuber Nina G. Jablonski & Albert T. Dosser John F. Finerty Concepcion R. Nierras Dennis M. Bier George Chaplin Christopher Eisgruber, Jerry & Nancy Fishman Ronald & Joan Nordgren Andrew Black & Miriam Irwin & Joan Jacobs in memory of Helen Bocarsly Robert C. Forney Carolyn L. Orthner Marjorie L. Jennings Froelich Holt Peter D. Blair Richard A. Frankel Vivian Pan & Mark Norell Alwyn N. Johnson Claire M. Fraser Carla Blumberg Claire M. Fraser, in Claire L. Parkinson Valerie Freireich Kaplan Phil George Kim Bottomly memory of Helen John Peoples, Jr. Arthur Kendall Nancy Knowlton & Peter Boyer Froelich Holt Roger M. Perlmutter Jeremy Jackson Gordon J. Freeman Anthony L. Komaroff & Joseph G. Perpich & Monica M. & E. James Lydia Villa-Komaroff Ronald D. Miller Bradford Craig & Barbara Cathy Sulzberger Benjamin J. Kuipers Jeffrey Toney Dr. Robert F. Brammer Froelich, in memory of Judith A. Petroski & Helen Froelich Holt Victor W. Laurie Philip C. Trackman Richard G. Brennan William Wiegand Dr. William & Julie Jeff Lawrence Dr. Fernando J. Zúñiga- Robert M. Brenner Kerry Phillips y-Rivero Montgomery Ryan V. Lawson Thomas G. & Maryann James I. Garrels & Joan Fulkerson E. Brooks Catherine & George Polefka James I. Garrels & Joan Ledec $2,500–$4,999 Myles Brown & Judy Dr. William H. Press & E. Brooks Mark T. Lewellyn Jeffrey F. Howell Anonymous (2) Garber Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Thomas R. Ligon Doug Redelman David R. Atkinson Hal E. Broxmeyer, Ph.D. Michael S. Gazzaniga Yan Linhart Martin C. Richardson Gary & Fay Beauchamp Harold E. Burkhart Theodore H. Geballe John D. C. Little Dr. Ren L. Ridolfi Jerry A. Bell & Mary Ann Jean B. Burnett Joseph L. Giegel Stepp Jane Lubchenco Celeste Rohlfing Robert L. Byer Howard Gobstein Hans Bergstrom Craig C. Malbon Antonio H. Romano Peter Byers Erwin Goldberg, Andrew L. Brill Marc A. Carrasco Shirley & Horace Jo Ellen & Mark Professor Emeritus Malcom Roseman Helena L. Chum Carolyn L. Cason David J. Goldston Maria Julia Marinissen Robert Rosenthal Jerolyn A. Coen Ann D. Catlett Jesus Gomez-Navarro Mary Mathias, in Michael Roytburd Roy Curtiss III Carlton M. Caves Mary L. Good memory of Helen David D. & Zulema J. Troy E. Daniels Martin A. Cheever Jeffrey C. Gore Froelich Holt Sabatini Michael A. Janssen Maarten J. Chrispeels David A. Goslin Jim & Sue McCarthy K. A. Sackler S. David Leonard Kathleen K. Church Robert J. Gould Layton L. & Elizabeth Barbara A. Schaal Carol B. Lynch John M. Clough, Jr. Mark L. Green Ann McCoy P. Jackson Schad Cherry A. Murray Mary E. Clutter Laura H. Greene, in John M. McGhee Paul L. Schmidbauer Stephen Roper & Nirupa Edward H. Coe, Jr. memory of Helen Douglas P. McNutt Cecily C. Selby Chaudhari Froelich Holt Rita R. & Jack H. Colwell Marcia K. McNutt William C. Sellyey Arnold Roy Donald P. Harrington Jeffrey A. Cooper David Meinke Steven & Gail Shak Thomas A. & Cynthia Vincent D’Aco Hanns Hasche-Kluender John & Frances Melone Woolsey Bassam & June William H. Danforth Jon Hauxwell John T. Melson Shakhashiri Peter B. Danzig T. Bain Henderson Richard A. & Martha R. $1,000–$2,499 Harold T. Shapiro Jean de Valpine Donald E. Henson Meserve John Sharp Anonymous (6) Jeffrey S. Dean Thomas L. Henson Orlando J. Miller Joel & Janine Shaw Bruce M. & Betty Alberts John T. Deane John E. Hiatt O. Eugene Millhouse Eric M. Shooter Tim Appenzeller George E. DeBoer Manju Hingorani & Anish Stephen Mitchell Richard B. Silverman John A. Armstrong Konkar Hans G. Dehmelt Don S. Miyada Andrew D. Sinauer George E. Arnstein Elizabeth E. Ehrenfeld Douglas L. Hintzman Robert L. Molinari

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 39 Henry B. Sinclair J. Claude Bennett Robert J. DeLap Fernand A. Hayot Daniel J. Lew Maxine & Daniel Singer Leo L. Beranek Sharon Y. R. Dent Robert & Margaret Macrae F. Linton Edward S. Spoerl Paul Berg C. W. Dewitt, Jr. Hazen Paul Lovoi Marcy St. John & Jim R. Byron Bird Bruce L. Dietrich Robert E. Healing William L. Lupatkin Howell William & Suzan Black Grace M. Donnelly Arthur F. Hebard William B. Lyons Juli Staiano & Marc C. John Blankley Dr. Ruth A. Douglas Siegfried S. Hecker Merritt C. Maduke Washington Mordecai P. Blaustein Kenneth Downing Susan J. Henning Artur Mager Colleen Struss Martin Blume Michael P. Doyle Peter K. Hepler Hilda & Ed Maibach F. William Studier Felix H. Boehm Richard D. Drake Eric Hequet Mardi & Michael Donald A. Swanson Stuart Bondurant Josee Dupuis Charles E. Hess Maitland Alar Toomre Dr. Gary E. Booth Loyal & Bernice Durand John R. Hess John C. Makemson Orlin D. Trapp John G. Bordie Ira Dyer Kim Q. Hill Scott L. Manske Leon Trilling Adele L. Boskey, PhD Elizabeth D. Earle William E. Himwich David J. March Gertrude M. Tyce Edward M. Boughton Giuseppina Fabbiano & Susan M. Hinkins Elizabeth Marincola Daniel C. Upp David Bouwman Martin Elvis Mary Y. P. Hockaday Donald Marsh James M. Utterback Benjamin Bova Charles W. Eriksen Susan Hockfield Jed B. Marti Kalliat T. Valsaraj John Brademas Mark A. Espeland Jacquelyn Hoke, in Christopher L. Martin Dr. George F. Vande Roscoe R. Braham, Jr. Allison F. Fentiman memory of Julius U. Ian H. Mather Woude Hoke Richard Brandshaft Gillian M. Fenton, Esq. Melanie A. Mayes Inder M. Verma Raymond W. Holton William F. Brinkman Maria Pontes Ferreira Chris L. McAuliffe Dan Vickery & Carolyn Ray Hood David H. Bromwich Kevin Finneran William D. McCormick Myers Simon Horenstein Stephen P. Buckmaster Rosemary Flora Marla S. McIntosh Bailus Walker, Jr. Peter V. Hornbeck Elizabeth A. Bush Hans Frauenfelder Anastasios Melis Robert J. Weimer Owen M. Hubbard Joost A. Businger Joel M. Friedman John R. Menninger Thomas E. Wellems David W. Ignat Bruce F. Cameron Michael B. Friedman Frederick J. Meyers Corwith C. White James S. Jackson Bruce A. Carlson Dennis G. Fryback Elizabeth Michael Ralph R. Widner Shirley A. Jackson Dana Carroll Robert Frye Sally D. Slowman Mary Woolley Karen S. Jakes Thomas G. Carter Charles G. Gaines Middleton Philip J. & Carolyn Wyatt Joseph R. Jehl, Jr. Dr. Gary L. Cecchini Steven D. Gaines Dennis F. Miller Oran R. Young Richard A. Jenkins Victor T. Chang Sanjiv Gambhir Katherine R. Miller Ryan J. Jense Tom D. Y. Chin Dr. S. Raymond Barton Milligan $500–$999 Richard Johnson Reginald C. Chisholm Gambino Heather Miyagi John D. Aach Michael M. Kaback Dr. Purnell W. Choppin Sandra J. Gendler William E. & Sharon Sherburne Abbott Elaine Kant Moerner Jon C. Clardy Anne E. Giblin Ashley J. Aberg Elizabeth Karplus Bruce Molholt Thomas E. Clemente Michael A. Gibson Naji N. Abumrad Michael M. Keller Ernest J. Moniz Marshall P. Cloyd Sirie Godshalk Heman P. Adams James M. Kendall Jean I. Montagu J. John Cohen Robert M. Goodman Ernest Adelman David E. Kerley James D. Moore Joseph M. Colacino Marvin & Barbara Nancy W. Alcock-Hood Gordon-Lickey Sung W. Kim Bayard H. Morrison Garry T. Cole Edward Anders Patricia Anne Grady Thomas Kinraide Edward Moses E. William Colglazier, Jr. James M. Anderson Kim L. Graham Miles V. Klein Stewart Lee Moses Bruce P. Conrad Weston Anderson Temple Grandin Kurt Klitzke Deane F. Mosher Harry R. Conrad Nancy Andrews Richard L. Greene John S. Kovach Steven C. Moss Polly Gault & Benjamin John C. Angus Cooper Irene Greif & Albert Maria Kovacs Catherine J. Murphy Anonymous (11) Meyer Thomas A. Cotton Alan G. Kraut Nalini Nadkarni Bradley C. Antanaitis Donald F. Grether Richard H. Cox Jerome Kutliroff Carl F. Nathan Kenneth B. Armitage Louis J. Gross Lucas Cox-Galhotra The Robert C. and Jane Larry B. Neisess A. Arnheim Duane E. Haines E. Ladner Charitable Bowman Cutter Robert M. Nelson Thomas Arny Thomas H. Haines Fund P. Daniel Dapkus Jeanne M. Nerbonne Timothy N. Ayres Alfred W. Hales Adam P. Lally Kevin E. Noonan Donald Barb & Bruce Jiji Landon Diola Bagayoko Davidson, in memory Dennis Hall Jerrold G. Norton Ian Baker of Helen Froelich Holt Jana Hall Donald N. Langenberg Daniel J. O’Connell Mary Ann Baker Trisha N. Davis & Eric G. Daniel A. Hamlin Myron C. Ledbetter John P. O’Connell Craig & Barbara Barrett Muller John G. Harkins Ferrol Lee George N. & Martha Thomas R. & Johanna K. W. Jackson Davis William K. Hart Cecil E. & Mary L. Leith Oetzel Baruch David H. de Weese & Robert H. Hasek Richard E. Lenski Paul A. Offit Edwin D. Becker Anne C. Heller John H. Hash Howard Leventhal Carmen Olito Arden L. Bement, Jr. Ken & Helen DeGhetto Roy M. Havenhill Roger Levien Douglas L. Oliver

40 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT †Deceased Kathie L. Olsen Jean’ne M. Shreeve Judith H. & John S. Willis Paul W. Chun William C. Fothergill Philip W. Oppenheimer Kamal Shukla Felix E. Zajac III Allison Coffin J. Lawrence Fox Lyman A. Page Saul J. Silverstein D. Walter Cohen Naomi C. Franklin Bob Palmer & Mary Joseph V. Simone We are grateful to the Marshall & Deborah Joshua Freeman Christman David J. Simons following donors for their Cohen Terry R. Freund Rudolph Pariser Donald M. Simons contributions of $100 Sheldon H. Cohen Bernd Fritzsch or more: John H. Parker Bruce & Sue Simonson Taya Cohen A. K. Ganguly Claudio Pellegrini Jonathan B. Skinner $250–$499 Sam Colgate Ann C. & R.H. Garstang Glen Perry James L. Smith Barry S. & Bobbi Coller Terrence M. Gerlach Cyrus H. Adams Betty Lemex Petrie Linda C. Smith C. Robert Cooke Irma Gigli Mary B. Adams Diana E. Pinover W. R. Smith-Vaniz Paul R. Cooley Theresa L. Gioannini Philip D. Aines Amy & John Porter Dr. Frank J. Sonleitner Mary R. Corcoran Robert G. & Alexandra C. Gordon Aitken William B. & Annette George C. & Maradel B. Patricia F. Cottam Goelet Provine Sonnichsen Ramesh K. Akkina J.E. Ross Edward & Judith Goetzl Jerome S. Puskin Dorothy G. Spiewak Dolly Al Kobossy James K. Coward David E. Golan R.K. & G.J. Rains Eberhard A. Spiller Lizabeth A. Allison Gregory Cybul David M. Goldstein Stephen Rayport Allan C. Spradling Larry J. Anderson John L. Daiss John B. Goodenough Donald G. Rea Weston M. Stacey Anonymous (17) Agustin P. Dalmasso Charles D. Goodman Francis Repas Albert T. Steegmann, Jr. Naoko Arai Joseph A. D’Anna, Jr. Kathleen L. Gould Samuel Ribnick William G. Stevenson Frank Arnold Jan W. Dash Henry T. Greely Charles M. Rice III James S. Stewart Miguel A. Asomoza William Davis & Ellen Rena C. Gropper Edward K. Rice Mark & Mary Ellen Thomas A. Asprey Gagne, in memory of Howard J. Gunderson Dr. M. Lee Rice Stinski Balasubramania H. Helen Froelich Holt C. David Gutsche Athreya Burton Richter James Stolzenbach Robin L. Davisson Nora A. Hackett Marc S. Atkins Richard Ridgway Edward C. Stone, Jr. Igor B. Dawid Albert L. Hale Paul A. Bartlett Thomas C. Rindfleisch Michael P. Stone Paula Dawson Forrest G. Hall John R. Barton Neil Risch Emily Stoneham Hans W. Decker Robert Hardy Steven J. Battel David Robertson Rainer F. Storb Kirk Deitsch Michael Harryman Jean Beard Juan G. Roederer Truman Storvick Robin L. Dennis Arthur T. Hewitt Ruth E. H. Beeton Ted Boyer & Jane Rohlf Herbert T. Streu Robert J. Desnick Stuart Horling Charles F. Bennett, Jr. Dr. John W. Rose Richard C. Stroh Robert Dickson Thomas K. Hunt Joel S. Bennett Beth A. Rosner Janet B. Svirsky Andrea K. Dobson Leonard S. & Judith N. Thomas A. & Bonnie M. Jack W. Szostak George E. Bigelow W. Graeme Donovan Hyman Rosse Andy Terrel Prof. Bigi Eric Dowell Joseph P. Jacobson George C. Rovnyak Heriberto V. Thomas Jeffrey Blaustein Robert A. Dudley Eileen Jaffe Michael Roytburd William (Tom) Thomas Bruce I. Blum Daniel J. Dwyer Andre T. Jagendorf Lynn Rozental Jeremy W. Thorner Jeremy M. Boss Samuel Earp Samson A. Jenekhe David J. Salant Robert W. Thresher Klaus R. Brasch Garth D. Ehrlich Mari N. Jensen Dennis S. Santella Keiko U. Torii Frederick A. Briggs Franco Einaudi Erik D. Johnson Marcus C. Sarofim Milton C. Trichel Michael F. Briselli Roger Eiss Phyllis T. Johnson Jon M. Brooks Woody & Lyn Savage Michael S. Turner Lincoln Ekstrom Mark E. Jones Michael Savelli Martin Vanderlaan Elisabeth M. Brown Nancy A. Elliott Peter C. Jordan David H. Schaefer William Velick, MD Joseph L. Brown Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. A. J. Jull Jeffrey D. Schall Nancy E. Warner, MD Joseph P. Brown Sandra M. Faber Richard J. Kahn Cherylann Schieber Pamela J. Weathers Susan G. Brown Herbert C. Field Burton S. Kaliski, Jr. Nicholas Schlageter Kenneth L. Webb Duncan A. Buell Thomas H. Finlay Isaac R. Kaplan Paul R. Schloerb, M.D. & John D. Weinland Bruce L. Bush John D. Fletcher Brian Kassenbrock Louise Schloerb William J. Welch Virginia W. Campbell The Honorable James Sylvia S. Kihara & Roger Kirk & Bonnie Schmitt Kim R. Wennerberg Kevin R. Cantwell Florio & Mrs. Florio J. Neill Gunther Schubert Matthew B. West Robert L. Carneiro Margaret L. Fonda Toichiro Kinoshita John & Ellen Schwab Elizabeth D. Whitaker Peter C. Chabora Alma K. Forman Michael S. Klassen Earl H. Sexton Luke J. Whitesell Theodore Chase, Jr., Joseph V. & Philomena Harvey L. Kliman in memory of Helen M. Formica Eric M. Shank Richard Whitkus Thornton C. Kline, Jr. Froelich Holt Stephen P. Fortmann Charles J. Sherr William M. Whitney James J. Knierim Walter J. Chazin Daniel W. Foster George C. Shields James A. Widtfeldt Kenneth M. Koester, Jr. Hillel J. Chiel Helen L. Foster George Shields Pauline Wiessner Charles E. Kolb Dr. Nobumichi Shimizu Stanley H. Christensen Robert S. Foster

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 41 Jimmy & Britt-Marie Gerald L. Moore Jack Sjostrom Roger Zimmerman Don Augenstein Forslund Kolker, in Edward C. Mozley James C. Smith Marian Zlotkiewicz David S. & Kathleen N. memory of Helen Elizabeth H. Muench Peter B. Snyder Ayres Froelich Holt Erik H. Murer Michael Sogard $100–$249 Daniel L. Azarnoff Barbara Kolmen William & Jane Murray Judson Somerville Ebrahim Azizi Edward J. Kormondy James S. Aagaard Lyle E. Nelson Roger G. Sorensen Yoshiaki Azuma Virginia L. Kortes David Aceti Mark F. Nelson Thomas A. & Joan A. Edmund Bacon Bora Kostic Rosalyn Adam John R. Nesselroade Steitz Jeffrey L. Bada Bruce A. Kowert Randy Adams Elizabeth F. Neufeld Nancy R. Stevenson James L. Bailey Edward A. Kravitz Roger W. Addor Clayton R. Nichols Timothy Stiles R. Clifton Bailey Philip R. Landon Robert S. Adelstein Charles P. Nicholson Quentin J. Stober Stanley Bailis Marke Lane Ilesanmi Adesida Thomas M. Niesen Shepard B. Stone Kevin H. Baines James S. Langer Bedros B. Afeyan John Noble Dan S. Sulzbach David P. Balding Bruce L. Larson Lewis E. Agnew, Jr. Osborne B. Nye P. R. Sundaresan Samuel F. Baldwin David LaVine Leif A. Ahrens Berl R. Oakley Rowland W. Tabor Gregory F. Ball David R. Lay Avtar S. Ahuja Jeffrey F. Oda Tohru Takekoshi N. Addison Ball Velta Lazda Georg Albers-Schonberg Donald D. O’Dowd Norman M. Tepley Karoly B. Balogh Margaret A. Le Mone Andrew M. Alexander Robert B. Orr Mrs. Philip D. Thacher C. Kenneth Banks, Jr. Chuan-Pu Lee David L. Alexander Arie A. Passchier Roger D. K. Thomas Ronald E. Banks Douglass B. Lee, Jr. John C. Alley Gregory Pederson David H. Thompson Charles E. Alpers Joseph C. Barbaccia Lela Lee & Norman Marlene Tietjen Thomas D. Barber Wikner Edna R. Pereira Saud Alsowayel William L. Tietjen Jack D. Barchas Richard A. Levinson Bertha P. Person Norman J. Alvares Franklin H. Top, Jr. Ann Bardin Sidney Liebes Kurt & Carol Petersen Chris Amemiya Robert D. Toto Brian Barnes Ira A. Liebson Terry M. Peterson Pamela T. Amoss Thomas K. Toyama S. Barnes Peter R. Limburg Julia M. Phillips Richard Amster Jonathan D. Traupman Paul Baron Richard L. Lindroth Ginger Pinholster Robert G. Amundson Barbara C. Turner William J. Barrett John H. Litchfield Jonathan A. Plucker John P. Andelin, Jr. P. Douglas Tuttle Paul Bartelt Stephen C. Liu Jerome B. Posner Gordon W. Anderson Eldon Ulrich Edwin F. Bartholomew Jennifer A. Logan Bernal F. Powers, Jr. Ronald J. Angel Manuel T. Uy John E. Bartlett Richard Longnecker Stephen C. Ragatz Ronald J. Angione Karl VanNewkirk Allen H. Barton Patricia C. Lorentzen Simon Ramo Anonymous (39) Robert E. Var Roy P. Basler Thomas E. Lovejoy John C. Reese Rudi Ansbacher Carston R. Wagner William A. Bassett Paul A. Luciw Gary Reiness John J. Antal Richard Wakefield J. B. Bassingthwaighte Arthur Lupia Richard Rigdon David R. Anthony Charles Walcott John K. Bates, Jr. Daniel J. Luthringer Henry M. Rines Richard Antoline Frances Ann Walker Mark L. Batshaw Gladys R. Maley Steven J. Ring Ted Anton Leonard F. Walker Anna Battenhouse T. Mallouk Julian L. Roberts, Jr. Frederick J. Antosz Michael W. Walker Gary Batungbacal Carol Marder Cynthia Robinson Michael Anzelone Robert T. Ward Diana J. Bauer Jan W. Mares Maxine L. Rockoff Heidi Appel William Bruce Warr Kyle D. Bayes Jack S. Margolis Nancy Roseman Evan H. Appelman Michael S. Waterman Edward W. Beals George D. Markham Diana M. Roy Meredithe L. Applebury John Weingart & Allan R. Beaudoin Kevin M. McCauley L. M. Russakoff Michael W. Arenton Deborah Spitalnik, James Beck James M. McDonald William B. Russel Petros Argyres in memory of Helen John C. Behrendt William H. McDowell Alfred P. Sattelberger Froelich Holt Karen M. Arndt Alvin L. Beilby Cecile McKee Frederick Schaer Morton W. Weir Edward M. Arnett George A. Bekey Gilbert W. Meier Robert J. Schier Robert D. Westfall Andrew Arnold Daniel F. Belknap Carolyn Meyer Steven Schwalbe Mary Christine Wetzel Dean E. Arnold G. Belovsky Bernard Meyers James W. Scott Irvin L. White Mary C. Arnold Leslie Z. Benet Charles D. Michener Dudley Shapere Stanley A. White William Aron Thomas L. Benjamin Jon J. Michnovicz Ira & Nancy Shapiro Garnett B. Whitehurst Arthur I. Aronson Craig Benkman Richard H. Milburn Carleton B. Shay Vincent Wickwar Jay Aronson Judith Tenzer Benn Jerry W. Miller Emma Shelton John A. Widness Swathi Arur Boyce Bennett Mark J. Miller Charles R. Shuman Anna M. Williams Arlene S. Ash Jack Bennett Victor Miller Stephen Vekkerdy Sikes J. Walter Woodbury Richard H. Aster Robert Benoit William C. Mobley Bernard G. Silbernagel George E. Woody Edward G. Atkins Carl S. Benson Karen Mohlke Christopher Simpson Charles Y. Yang Carter T. Atkinson Henry A. Bent N. Christine Molina Robert L. Simpson Anne S. Zimmerman Ronald K. Atwood

42 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT †Deceased Jennifer M. Berardi Dennis Brown Scott A. Chambers Marcia E. Danne Mary E. Dowse Lars Berglund Donald J. Brown Jagdish Chandra Sana Dastgheyb Alexander J. Dragt Ernest L. Bergman Frank Brown Barbara Charton James M. Davidson Harold M. Draper III Gerald Berkelhammer Harold H. Brown Prescott B. Chase Lloyd A. Davidson Greg Dressler Stephen A. Bernard Robert D. Brown, Jr. James D. Cherry Charles F. Davis, Jr. George B. Driesen Mark R. Bernstein Robert E. Brown Alice E. Chew Darrell Davis Edwin F. Driver Viktors Berstis John C. Browne Paul Chiao Gary E. Davis Gary J. Drtina Kevin P. Bertrand Michael F. Bruist Anthony G. Chila Louis S. Davis Frank H. Duffy Rose S. Bethe Danny Brunson Wai-Yim Ching Richard O. Davis Lawrence K. Duffy Erwin P. Bettinghaus Evan Buck Sallie W. Chisholm Richard N. Day Mark T. Duigon Robert F. Betts William A. Buehring Marshall Chrostowski Anneli M. De Paolis Marilyn J. Duncan Ingrid Beyer Dennis E. Buetow Neal Chuang Richard M. Deamer Randall Duncan Pushpalatha & Chandra Robert F. Bulleit David Y. Chung Arthur T. Dean Thomas H. & Sylvia A. M. Bhat Esther A. Bullitt Jung G. Chung Kenneth D. Deaton Dunning Charles E. Bidwell Robert W. Bundtzen Barry G. Clark Paul F. Deisler Eli Dwek Daniel Biemesderfer Peter C. Burger George A. Clark, Jr. Joel Deitz & Barbara Bennett Dyke Shay & Susan Bilchik John R. Burgess Theodore G. Clark Berko H. Frederick Dylla III A. D. Biller William A. Burgess John F. Clarke Modesto Del Castillo Helen J. Dyson George Bioletto Joseph C. Burgiel Roy S. Clarke Gregory J. Del Zoppo Max S. Eagelfeld Gail A. Bishop Robert Burk Steven R. Clawson Dina Deligiorgis Joseph E. Earley Gale A. Bishop Mary F. Burke Michael Cliff Chester W. Delong Kirk A. Easley Nilambar Biswal Marvin D. Burkhart Brian J. Clifton David L. DeMets Douglas P. Easton William & Suzan Black, Stephen H. Burns Abby J. Cohen Amanda Demopoulos Denton S. Ebel in memory of Helen Cynthia Burrows & Carolyn Cohen David T. Denhardt Irene A. Eckstrand Froelich Holt Scott L. Anderson Thomas Coker William Denny Donald A. Edwards Craig Blackstone Paul Burtness Henry O. Colomb Peter R. Denwood Gerald E. Edwards Amy Blackwell Ellison S. Burton Ralph H. Condit Ronald A. DePinho Richard Eisenberg Steven A. Blaisdell Paul Burton James V. Conkey Henry L. Dequasie Stephen P. Eisenberg Richard E. Blanton Zachary Burton Donald L. Cook Edward G. Derrick Anita Eisenstadt Donald Blumenthal Edward G. Buss Robert Cook-Deegan David P. Dethier Dominic Eisinger Herbert Blumenthal Susan B. Butts Joyce Y. Corey James K. Detling Randolph C. Elble Beverly Bodansky Stephen E. Buxser Philip Corey William Deville David E. Elder Hans R. Bode Pavel Bystricky Jimmy C. Cornette Gordon P. DeWolf, Jr. Mark P. Elenko Larry Boersma Bob Calder Charles Coston Robert DeZafra Rita Elmore John K. Boitnott Tina M. Calderon Roger Coupal Eugene P. Dibella Guy T. Emery David W. Bolen Michael J. Calderwood Timothy L. Cover David B. Dickinson, Jr. David K. Emmel H. Fred Bomberger James H. Caldwell Jack D. Cowan Paul W. Dickson, Jr. Bernard T. Engel Martha W. Bond Larry D. Caldwell Robert C. Cowen Paula Diehr Eldon D. Enger Herbert Bonkovsky Richard L. Calendar Steven Cox Eric Dietrich George A. Englesson William Boone Bonvillian James L. Campbell Hal P. Coyle, Jr. Joe Dietzgen Robert S. Erdmann William Borucki Shannon Campbell Arthur R. Crampton Gilbert R. DiLeone Wayne Erfling Randy J. Bos Amanda E. Canady David H. Crandall Mary E. Dimperio Robert L. Erickson George Bousfield Harry Y. Canter Nancy P. Crandall Jasti Dinesh Darrell Ernst Betsy Bove Daniel B. Caplan Hall L. Crannell Marshall Dinowitz W. Gary Ernst Elizabeth Bowdan Gerald Caple Gwyneth Cravens Charles E. Dinsmore Manuel Estrada Ann Boyd James M. Carhart Dana Crawford Omer Divers Peter Evans Milton J. Boyd William C. Carlson Maurice Crawford Milind Diwan Robert R. Everett James N. Bradbury Peter D. Carragher Rebecca Creamer Winifred W. Doane William R. Eyler Michael Bradie Linda Louise Carroll Perry B. Cregan Maria Donoghue Dan Fagre Marc & Sue Brahaney William Carter Gay M. Crooks David C. Donoho Davis A. Fahlquist J. Stuart Bratholdt Sarah Leshner Carvalho Will E. Cummings Joyce M. Donohue Richard Fallin Steve Braun & Rodrigo Carvalho Michael W. Cunningham Neil J. Dorans Darrell D. Fanestil Michael R. Brent Judd A. Case Randall T. Curnow Erl Dordal Donna Farber David K. Brice Paul A. Catacosinos James L. Curtis Linneaus C. Dorman Jay & Barbara Farber Adriana Briscoe Richard L. Cate Mark S. Cushman John Doty, Jr. Peter Farkas Arnold R. Brody Francis M. Cevasco Beverly A. Dale-Crunk Jerry A. Doughty Charles S. Faulkner II Bruce W. Bromley David & Audrey Chai B. Dana Warren L. Dowler Richard S. Fein

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 43 Benedict Feinberg Elisabeth Gantt Joel M. Goodman Eugene A. Hammel Mary Lu Murray Arnold M. Feingold Janet B. Garber Richard Goodwin Philip D. Hammen Hickman Yoseph Feit Merle L. Gardiner Howard A. Gordon Charles F. Hammer Paul I. Hicock Shelagh Ferguson-Miller Murray B. Gardner Malcolm S. Gordon James E. Hammerberg Daniel Higgins Robert E. Fidoten David E. Garfin Michael Gorman, in Katherine A. G. John G. Hildebrand Robert W. Field Margaret A. Garnjost memory of Helen Hammond David P. Hill Sean Fielding Merrill F. Garrett Froelich Holt James W. Hammonds Helene Z. Hill Gregg Fields Nancy Garwood Albert E. Goss Roy G. Hammonds Marcella Hill John B. Fieser Marco M. Garza John R. Goss Joseph G. Hancock Norwood O. Hill Harvey V. Fineberg Walter Gassman Manfred Gotz Dr. R. Hangarter Pamela C. Hillman Richard A. Fisher Christopher Gaston Harold C. Graboske Gerald R. Hankins Barbara A. Cocanour Frank W. Fitch Clark Gaylord Sharon R. Grady Gerald Hansler Hilton Lewis T. Fitch Michael A. Gealt Robin Graham Henry A. Harbury Melissa A. Hines James E. Fitzgerald Louis H. Geeraerts Ronald L. Graham Wesley H. Harker Sandra L. Hines Edith M. Flanigen Fred & Nancy Gehlbach Marea E. Hatziolos Grant Naomi H. Harley Karl Hinrichs Robert Flath Herbert Geller William B. Grant Franklin M. Harold Arlene Hirano John Fleeger Kenneth N. Geller Howard Graves & Dean H. Harper Frederick S. Hird Julie Baller, in honor Michael L. Fleisher Myron Genel Alan W. Harris Hugh Hixon of James & Sue David C. Hoaglin John Flowers Richard J. Gentile McCarthy John Harrison David L. Hoats Frank M. Floyd Jude George Robert D. Gray Melvin A. Harrison Alan M. Hoberman Garner L. Foley Edward Gerjuoy Arthur F. Greene Hyman Hartman Martha L. Hochberg Kevin F. Forbes Dwight C. German Frederick D. Greene Gregory C. Hartwick Morris Hodara Thomas A. Ford Jay Gershen William B. Greenough III Jared W. Haslett Ralph J. Hodosh William J. Forrest Jacquelyn Gervay- Jeffrey M. Greve Daniel F. Hasman, Jr. Linda M. Hoffman Mark A. Fortuna Hague David Griffin Alfred C. Haven, Jr. Stanley P. Hoffman Frank S. Fountain Sandra H. Gianturco Richard E. Grindeland Bruce Hawkins William F. Hoffmann Reba B. Fournier Harold C. Gibbs Jonathan Grindlay John W. Hawley Edward Hogan Randall Fowler Mark L. Gilberstadt Sidney E. Grossberg Robert Hayes James C. Hogan, Jr. A. R. Frackelton, Jr. James L. Gilbert Gordon L. Grosscup Jo N. Hays Robert M. Hollingworth Renny Franceschi Thomas E. Gill Lawrence M. Grossman L. Julian Haywood Joe Hollstein Bruce H. Frank John C. Gille Erich Grotewold Erin Heath David P. Holman Joseph Frankel Neal C. Gillespie David L. Groves Matthew F. Heil Eric W. Holman Mark & Marlene Frankel P. Roger Gillette Helen K. Groves Joel Heinen Alfred Holtzer Judy R. Franz David Gilman Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. Jeffrey Heinz E. B. Hooper, Jr. Larry D. Fredendall Glenn Gilyard Jean M. Gudas William D. Heizer Thomas B. Hoover Benny French Benjamin M. Gimarc Henry Gueringer Kenneth J. Heller Marc Hopkins Nancy Frentrup Damon V. Giovanielli Ron Gugliotti Leon Heller Penny Hopkins Gerard J. Freyer W. Clifford Girard Thomas Guilderson Samuel Hellman Michael H. Horn Paul J. Friedman Mauree Giuffre Barry M. Gumbiner Rich Hencke Mady Hornig Ingrid Fritsch Mark Glasser J. Ryan Gunsalus George Hendrey Frank A. Horrigan Jody Fromm Dr. W. Glassley Gary N. Gussin Robert W. Hendricks Diana M. Horvath William E. Fry Andreas Gnirke Jack M. Gwaltney Thomas W. Hennessy Jimmy W. Hosch Qiang Fu Henry P. Godfrey Richard A. Hackel Walter F. Henning Peter Hougaard Kwok S. Fung Ralph Goebel James Hackett George A. Herbert, Jr. Edwin W. House Heather Furman Allen M. Gold Stephen C. Hadler Daniel Herdeman Estil V. Hoversten John Gabrieli Leslie I. Gold Gary Haffner William B. Herdle Larry B. Howard Robin Gadsby Anne C. Goldberg Ruth R. Hailperin Burton Hering Roger Howe Fred H. Gage Joshua N. Goldberg Louise Hainline Susan & Raymond Herles Ke Chiang Hsieh Mitchell H. Gail Marsha Goldberg Frederick Duncan Harold Gainer Sam & Patricia Goldberg Haldane Robert K. Herman Henry V. Huang Joseph H. Gainer Martin Goldhaber Edward L. Halk Clyde Herreid II Sui Huang Leslie Gainer Stephen Goldman Dwight H. Hall Davis Hershey Paul F. Hudrlik Patrick & Debye Galaska Marian R. Goldsmith Robert W. Hall Barry W. Hess Sarah L. Hudson Joseph G. Gall Allan C. Goldstein Richard Hallworth John H. Hess Kay Huebner Mary O. Gallwey Anne H. Good K. A. Halmi Nicholas W. Hether Michael J. Huerkamp Richard H. Gammon Plesent W. Goode Charles R. Hamilton Nancy E. Heyes Vicki D. Huff Robert E. Gansser Arnold Goodman Lawrence C. Hamilton Carroll G. Hughes III

44 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT †Deceased Stuart W. Hughes Robert S. Kaeser Anthony A. Kossiakoff Alexander H. Levi Grace Malakoff John Huguenard Ronald L. Kaiserman Shirley A. Kovacs Barbara G. Levi Jerry R. Malayer Joan C. W. Hulbe Danny G. Kaloupek Anthony Kowal Robert E. Levin Danuta Malejka-Giganti Jiri Huler John R. Kane Jane M. Krauhs Simon A. Levin Julin Maloof Randall G. Hulet Tetsuo Kaneko Mitchell Kronenberg Mortimer Levitz Robert B. Mandell Douglas & Frances Daniel Kaplan Richard L. Kronenthal William S. Lewellen Cathryn Manduca Hulette Anastasios & Caterina John S. Kronholm Bruce V. Lewenstein Richard Mankin Marc F. Hult Karalis Ralph T. Kubo Charles A. Lewis, Jr. Marilyn S. Mann David M. Humphrey Jeffrey W. Karpen Moyses Kuchnir G. Kenneth Lewis Jeremiah Mans Mien-Chie Hung Mary Jo Kasten Steven A. Kuhl Hugh B. Lewis Theo C. Manschreck J. Stuart Hunter Steven K. Katz Casimir A. Kulikowski John B. Lewis Steven C. March Arnold R. Huntress Vern Katz Carol A. Kumamoto Ronald Lewis Paul D. Marko Alan Hurd David L. Kaufman Charu Kumar Ching-Chung Li Stephen Marks Robert Hurst William B. Kaufmann P. Dileep Kumar Linheng Li Thomas J. Marlowe Michael A. Huston Dean L. Kavanagh Ernest A. Kurmes Arthur L. Liberman Dimitris Maroudas Victor F. Iacocca Robert Keefe Donna R. Kuroda David A. Liberman Leonard A. Marowitz Martin Y. Iguchi Bettie F. Kehrt Charles L. Kutscher H. Denny Liggitt Mary Vesta Marston- David E. Illig Rodney Kellems John E. Kutzbach John Light Scott Roger Innes G. Randy Keller Jay B. Labov Hsiu S. Lin Dean F. Martin Jenefir D. Isbister James C. Kelley John A. Labudde Prof. J. Lin Doug Martin Craig M. Jackson William E. Kelly Miriam R. Lacher Xuejun Lin Fredricka C. Martin Mary Jacob Charles F. Kennel K. S. Lackner John P. Linderman Kendall Martin George T. Jacobi Ann M. Kenney David S. Lafferty Quentin W. Lindsey Paul C. Martin Madeleine Jacobs Kern E. Kenyon Michael E. Lamm Rulon K. Linford Richard M. Martin John H. Jacobsen Anthony M. Kerdock Rob & Rita Lancefield Arthur L. Lipman, Jr. William J. Martone Dr. Elaine S. Jaffe Francis G. Kern Susan Landau James A. Lipton James F. Masken Eric Jakobsson Navin Khadiya Neal F. Lane David A. Lloyd Robert A. Maslansky Bernard W. Janicki Freddy A. Khoury Willem G. Langeveld Paul A. Loach John M. Mason, Jr. Siegfried Janson Philip S. Khoury J. B. Langworthy Felix J. Lockman T. L. Mason Kurt R. Jarnagin Ray E. Kidder Debra Lappin James Loddengaard William Masse Bruce Jayne Stanley Kidder Joseph S. Lappin Mary R. Loeken Christopher Massicotte, Arthur J. Jelinek Laura L. Kiessling John Z. Larese Merry Lojkovic in memory of Helen Froelich Holt Richard Jenny Thomas Killip Jean K. Largis David M. Lokensgard Winfield Massie Hanne M. Jensen Yong K. Kim Paul A. Larson Richard J. Loveless Andrea Mastro Randall M. Jeter Robert B. Kimsey Ralph J. & Sandy Larson John P. Loveridge Hector Masure John H. Jewell Aaron A. King Joyce C. Lashof Julia Campbell Lovin Diane F. Matesic Lawrence John H. E. King Carol L. Lassen Joyce H. Lowinson Elizabeth L. Mather Arthur A. Johnson Edward O. Kinzie K. P. Lau Louise M. Luckenbill John C. Mather Hollis R. Johnson Kate P. Kirby Allan H. Laufer Mary M. Luckstead Thomas R. Matthews Howard P. Johnson David Kirchman Leo L. Laughlin Matthew Lucy Martin M. Matzuk James F. Johnson Elizabeth P. Kirchner Oleg D. Lavrentovich Charles A. Lundquist Robert L. May Robert W. Johnson Wayne Kirkham Ann M. Lawler Joan Lunney Elizabeth Maynard Brian H. Johnston Robert P. Kittel Walter R. Lawson Jianhua Luo G. Lafayette Maynard Timothy Johnston G. Kling John S. Lazo Harvard Lyman David McAlpin William V. Johnston Eric Klinger William M. Leach Carl Lynch Sally McBrearty Anthony R. Jones W. S. Klipper Jacob Lebowitz Gary A. Mabbott Michael McCarville David Jones Mark A. Knepper David J. Ledden Michael Macaulay William McComas Edwin R. Jones Mark M. Knuepfer Albert C. Lee Robert C. MacDonald Daniel J. McCormack Lawrence W. Jones Michael F. Koehl John Lee Howard A. MacEwen Joshua McCormick Lucy W. K. Jones Jeffrey D. Koenitzer Michael Lee Gordon & Blair D. Scott McCracken Richard Jones Carl Kohlmeyer Richard Lee MacInnes Elke Jordan Stephen C. Kolakowsky Vivian L. MacKay Jean C. & Richard Robert N. Leggett, Jr. McCrosky Michael A. Jordan William M. Kolling Douglas E. MacLaughlin Michael J. Leibowitz Richard McCrystal Joseph W. Joy C. Ronald Koons Richard V. MacMillan Stephen C. Lensink Harry E. McDonald III Peter M. Joyce Victor Korenman Khalid Mahmood Mike & Johanna Leshner Sandra F. McDonald Silvia S. Jurisson Conan Kornetsky Mary E. Mahoney William A. Lester, Jr., Victor K. McElheny Bruce Kabakoff Robert J. Kosinski Ph.D. Lawrence V. Majovski Gordon McGrew

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 45 M. Douglas McIlroy Victor H. Morgenroth III Lester Newman Carl Owenby Grace Polan Wilbert J. McKeachie Dornis C. Morin, Jr. Pauline Newman John Owens Christine Polk Linda McKean N. Ronald Morris Jeffery L. Newmeyer W. Paciesas Henry Pollack Christopher F. McKee Rosalind Morris Geoffrey B. Newton Robert A. Page Lee G. Pondrom Grant W. McKinney Nancy D. Morrison Thomas W. Newton Allison R. Palmer Griffin Poole Ellen McManus A. Leslie Morrow Won G. Ng Arthur N. Palmer Oscar F. Porter John B. McManus M. Patricia Morse Johanna Nichols John D. Palmer Mark Post C. Alden Mead Robert A. Morse David Nicholson Neil H. Palmer Richard F. Post Sally Meadows, in J. Thomas Mortimer John F. Nicholson Victor R. Palmeri Francis M. Pottenger memory of Helen Stephen D. Morton Martinus H. Nickerson Laura Pannaman Leslie D. Potter, in Froelich Holt Richard D. Moss Paul H. Nielsen Lee Y. Park memory of Helen William A. Meezan Patricia H. Moyer Steven M. Niemi Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Froelich Holt Thomas A. Mehlhorn Sekazi K. Mtingwa Elena O. Nightingale Robert Parker Cedric J. Powell Gerry G. Meisels William H. Muchnic A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa Richard M. Parry, Jr. Douglas H. Powell James E. Melvin George Mueller Robert Nishikawa Barbara H. Partee Robert Powers Naomi Mendelsohn J. Fraser Muirhead Lillian Niu Neela Patel Thomas Pressley Renee M. Menegaz-Bock Edward Mullaney Bob & Jean Nordhaus, Suresh S. Patil Thomas Prettyman Frank Meneghini David Muller in memory of Helen William Patterson David Pribnow Frank S. Merritt Mary C. Mullins Froelich Holt Ara & Shirley Paul Charles H. Pritchard Gary Merson Robert L. Munroe Christer E. Nordman Philip Paul Michele Pritchard Scott D. Merville Robert D. Munson Anne E. Norris Arogyaswami J. Paulraj Ann Progulske-Fox James L. Merz Donal B. Murphy Erika M. Norris Charles M. Paulsen Ted Prosser Susan F. Messinger Wayne A. Murphy Thomas Norris James Paulson Donald & Donna Pulitzer James Z. Metalios Francois Murray William T. Norton Mary B. Paxton William Puppa Travis Metcalfe J. P. Mutschlecner Vincent Noto Kenneth J. Payne Jules B. Puschett Glenn L. Metzger Cecil Myers Donald & Carolyn Novin David S. Peabody Julia M. Quagliata John S. Meyer Stephen E. Myers Dag Nummedal Stanton J. Peale Shirley G. Quan Alfred F. Michael, Jr. Al Nabhani Victor Nussenzweig Jack Pearce Sherry I. Queener Allen I. Miller J. Victor Nadler Janis M. O’Donnell A. Pecora Frederick J. Raab Jaydee W. Miller Antonio B. Nafarrate Dr. John R. O’Fallon Joel A. Pedersen Mark S. Radomski Lynn Miller Padmanabhan P. Nair William M. O’Fallon Charles R. Peebles Meghan Radtke Michael Miller Yosio Nakamura Bruce O’Gara Hub Peeters Jonathan Raff Patricia A. Miller David Nance Lynn L. Ogden Marian Peleski Tijana Rajh Robert J. Miller Herman S. Napier Alice S. Oglesby Terry Pellmar Clare Ramstedt Robert Miller Philip J. Narzisi John H. Olive Robert O. Pepin John D. Randall William M. Miller Harold A. Nash Bjorn R. Olsen E. Pergament Jose Ranz Mari Mino-Kenudson Rattan Nath Mary K. Olsen Harry F. Perk Buddy D. Ratner Mortimer Mishkin Manuel Nathenson Robert W. Olsen Brent Perkins R. Ronald Rau Nirmal K. Mishra Georges Natsoulis George G. Olson Udo Pernisz Elio Raviola Donald A. Mitchell James D. Neaton Patricia L. Olson Joseph W. Perry Leonard Rawicz Pamela H. Mitchell Bogdan Nedelkoff Peter Olson Philip R. Perry Bruce A. Rector Gunnard W. Modin James W. Neel Richard K. Olsson John R. Person Edward F. Redish Jon Moehlmann Christopher Neill Gary A. Oltmans Alexander Pertsemlidis Everett Redmond Vincent M. Monnier Howard L. Nekimken Tim Opperman Murray Peshkin Robert P. Redwine Nicholas J. Montano Norvell Nelson Jan M. Orenstein Leon Petelle Thomas D. Reed Christopher N. K. Richard S. Nelson & Walter A. Orenstein Michael P. Petelle Don D. Reeder Mooers Carol L. Enkoji Stuart H. Orkin Cynthia W. Peterson Karen Regan David A. Moon Walter L. & JoAnn M. Harry T. Orr Don H. Peterson S. Peter Regenstreif Angelyn & Kevin Moore Nelson Donald S. Orth M. A. Peterson John W. Reich Duncan T. Moore Martin J. Nemer Nimet E. Oruc Rada Petrinjac-Nenadic Paul B. Reichardt Grace W. Moore Anthony V. Nero Robert A. Orwoll Gerd P. Pfeifer Frank Reichenbacher Jennifer C. Moore James Nestell Judith A. Osborn John D. Phillips Peter J. Reichl Julia A. Moore Eric J. Nestler Grace L. Ostenso Pat Phillips Leonard Reiffel Thomas G. Moore James J. Nestor Terry D. Oswalt Al Pickett Jakob Reiser Michael J. Moratto William C. Nettles John L. Otis Alburt E. Pifer Minocher C. Reporter David W. Moreland Christian E. Newcomer Richard J. Otter Wellington J. Pindar Robert W. Rex E. Pierre Morenon Christian Newcomer George Oulundsen David Pines Solon L. Rhode

46 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT †Deceased Richard A. Rhoden Nathan Rynn David Shapiro David A. Solomon Brent Studer Joseph Rhodes Yousef Saad Robert G. Shaver John S. Solters Brian W. Stump Dale Rice George H. Sack, Jr. G. Shaw John Sondek Robert Sugar Mary E. Rice Loren Sample Robert W. Shaw, Jr. James Sowinski Evan R. Sugarbaker Kathryn E.Y. Richardson Eugene G. Sander William R. Shek Patricia G. Spear Joan & Herman Suit Alexandria N. Richart Richard H. Sands Charles F. Shelby Paulette Spencer Ethan Sullivan Rollin C. Richmond Robert Sandstedt Jianzhong Shen Philip C. Spiller Mindi Summers Keith Rickert Thomas B. Sanford Paul F. Shepard John K. Spitznagel Bobby Sumpter Sam H. Ridgway Pedro Sanz-Altamira Shane Shepherd Gianluca Spizzo Millard Susman Hugh Rienhoff M. Philip & Myriam P. Kenneth Sherman Stephen R. Sprang Robert M. Suter Timothy Rittof Sarachik Kenneth D. Sherrell Alicemary M. Sprickman William R. Sutherland Edward Rizy Rose-Mary Sargent Bruce A. Sherwood T. S. Srivatsan David F. Sutter Michael Roarke Anatole Sarko Stanwyn G. Shetler Lawrence A. Sromovsky Jhan C. Swanson Jean Adams Robbins John F. Sarwark Eugene A. Shinn Joshua D. Staller Brian L. Sweeney Eugene Roberts Lawrence J. Satkowiak Alexander Shor Leonidas A. Stamatatos Harry L. Swinney Jerry Roberts Ben T. Sato James F. Short Donald E. Stanley Stephen I. Szara John D. Roberts Eric Saund Carol Shoshkes-Reiss Michael Starr Heven Sze H. Thomas Robertson John E. Savage Vijayalakshmi Shridhar Irving C. Statler Erik Szobota Michael S. Robertson John M. Scanlan Charles H. Shultz Janet M. Stavnezer Clement E. Tagoe Richard E. Robertson David Schatz Edward Sichterman Stephen Steadman Lorey Takahashi Diane M. Robins Richard C. Schauer Ed Sickafus Robin T. Stebbins Helio Takai Laurie Robinson & Myra J. W. Schegloff Deborah A. Siegele Kelly P. Steele Charles R. Tallman Sheldon Krantz W. Robert Scheidt Charles J. Sih Leah Steinberg Kouichi R. Tanaka Sarah A. Robinson Emile Schepers Samuel C. Silverstein Marjorie Steinberg Morris Tanenbaum Dr. John C. Rodgers Elliott Schiffmann Michael Silves Howard Steinman Pieter P. Tans Alan E. Rogers Elihu Schimmel Charles A. Simenstad Kim A. Stelson Marvin L. Tanzer Louise A. Rollins-Smith Fred Schleifer Robert E. Simon Quintin D. Stephen- Kelly Tatchell Elaine Roman Murry & Beverley Lawrence A. Singer Hassard Michael Taub David K. Romney Schlesinger K. K. Sirkar Robert Stephens John Bruce Taylor W. Melvyn Roquemore Michael L. Schmitz Monroe G. Sirken George F. Sterman Steven Taylor Carlos Rosado-Berrios Patrick Schnable Douglas R. Sisk Bodo Stern Richard E. Teets Kenneth L. Rose Norman J. Schnayer James C. Sisson Robert L. Stern Max Tegmark Norman J. Rosenberg Barbara L. Schneider Jack W. Sites, Jr. Rolf Sternberg Raymond L. Teplitz Susan M. Rosenberg Lawrence B. Paula Skedsvold Evelyn V. Stevens Robert B. Tesh Schonberger William Rosenberg Carol B. Skinner Jack Barchas & Kenneth R. Teter Michael L. Schucking Joan R. Rosenblatt Gordon B. Skinner Rosemary Stevens David G. Thanassi Ean Schuessler Arthur H. Rosenfeld Eugene B. Skolnikoff Norman C. Stewart Suzanne Thiem Sydell Ruth Schulman Ralph Roskies Linda Slakey Norman R. Stewart Edith Y. Thoburn Daniel F. Schultz David A. & Edith H. Ross Pamela L. C. Small Albert E. Stiegman Edward & Millicent Richard M. Schultz David W. Ross Peter Smallwood John Q. Stilwell Thomas Gertrud M. Schupbach Donald G. Ross Barham Smith James H. Stith James C. Thomas Nathan A. Schwadron Robert E. Ross Bernard Smith Edward C. Stoever James W. Thomas Sue V. Rosser Benjamin D. & Susan Sybil L. Stokes, in Joe D. Thompson Schwartz Darrel Smith Kurt D. Rossow memory of Helen Robb Thomson Larry L. Schwartz Edward J. Smith Froelich Holt Caren M. Rotello Eric J. Thorgerson Lyle H. Schwartz Karl Smith Harold J. Stolberg Michael Roth M. E. Thouless Thomas Schwartz Lex B. Smith James P. Stone Victoria F. Roth Jeremiah G. Tilles Cranford Scott Michael K. Smith David A. Stonestrom Stanley J. Roux Robert L. Tinklepaugh Charles Scudder Orville A. Smith Ursula B. Storb Roger D. Rowland Peter L. Todd Michael Seaman Robert L. Smith James B. Strait Thomas C. Royer Marc Tolo, in memory of Philip A. Seeger Ronald E. Smith James A. Stratton Bernard Rubin Helen Froelich Holt Gilbert R. Seely William L. Smith Roy F. Stratton J. Runyon Averett S. Tombes Nadrian C. Seeman J. Josh Snodgrass Karl D. Straub Kirt W. Rusenko Thomas Tomek Jose P. Segundo Wayne R. Snodgrass Monroe W. Strickberger William & Priscilla Odin A. Toness Bernard Z. Senkowski Robert Snyder H. Henry Stroke Russel Ernest R. Sohns Nick C. Toscano Peter M. Ryan Vidya Sagar Sethi Raymond G. Stross Don I. Trachtenberg Xiaonan Shan Michele Solis Alan M. Strout Tom Ryan Anne Soll Frank A. Traficante Elizabeth F. Ryder Alan E. Shapiro Donald Stubbs John Tranquada

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 47 Wesley A. Traub Larry H. Weaver Thomas G. Wiseman Chris Biemesderfer Richard Green Michael Trenary Ronald S. Weber Brian Wisniewski J. Michael Bishop Laura Greene Anthony M. Trozzolo Janice Weber- Paul Witkovsky Jerome L. Bleiweis Wilhelm Gruissem Dwight D. Trueblood Rasmussen Jean G. Witt James Boslough Samuel Gubins Forrest A. Trumbore Johannes Weertman Friedner Wittman John Brademas Louis Gurvich Wen H. Tsien Ewald R. Weibel John A. Wohlhieter William Bradley Nancy Haigwood Joan Tucker John W. Weil Marc S. Wold Eric Brinsfield Alexander Harcourt David M. Turner Frank A. Weinhold Douglas R. Woll David Brooks John G. Harkins, Jr. Jane L. Valentine Milton M. Weiser Wayne C. Wolsey Joan Brooks Susan Harrington James Valles Benjamin Weiss Maylene Wong Bruce Browning Hanns Hasche Kluender Walter Van Hamme James A. & Nancy B. John F. Woods Eric Burger Charles Hawkins Andrew J. Van Horn Weiss Frank X. Woolard Julia Butters Carl R. Henderson Carroll Vance Jeffrey Weiss Clifford A. Woolfolk Donald Cameron Rudy Henninger J. Pace Vandevender Seth Weissman Jean Wren Mark Campbell Thomas Henson Dr. Charles Varsel Luiz Weksler Robert J. Wright Daniel B. Caplan Robert Hess Ravindra Vasavada Aaron Welch Robin L. Wright Marc Carrasco Joanna Hicks David Vasholz William W. Wells Robert E. Yager T. E. Cauthorn Brandon Huneycutt Lee T. Venolia & John W. John P. Wendell June J. Yamashita Carlton Caves David W. Ignat Thoman Stephen Wender Chung S. Yang Andrew Chong Michael Ilyinsky Stanley Vickers Paul J. Werner & Christel Huilan Yao Ernest Chow Ryan Jense S. Cranston Robert K. Vickery, Jr. Nabeel Yaseen Chung K. Chu Joseph Johnson Robert A. Wesley Mario Visca Shari & Peter Yeager Austin Church III Mari-Vaughn Johnson John E. Wessel Helen S. Vishniac Lynn A. Yehle Charles Clark George G. Johnston Sandra S. West- Moody Maren Vitousek Belinda R. Yen Barbara Clemmensen Arthur Kamm John L. Wetherby Julie M. Vogel William H. Yenke Taya Cohen William Kane Lennard Wharton Jesse Voiles Wayne M. & Lynn Emery Conrad Michael Kelley Maynard B. Wheeler Charles H. Volk Yokoyama Donald Cook Jack Kerns Charles O. White Susan F. Volman Dana R. Younger Edmund Crouch William Kerr Harold B. White III Paul A. Volz Charlie A. Yparraguirre Kenneth Crumley Randal Kirk Henry White David H. Voorhees Jason X. Yuan H. Clay Daulton Robert Kirshner John A. White Andriy Vornov Eleanor H. & Stuart H. Paul Day-Lucore Stephen Knight Peter White Cecil J. Waddington Yuspa Kenneth De Ghetto Thomas Koetzle Robert M. White Albert F. Wagner Jerrold H. Zar Oscar Delong Maria Kovacs R. Stephen White Stephen A. Wainwright Martin Zatz Gregory C. Donadio Anton O. Kris Glenn G. Whiteside J. Waite Z. E. Zehner Albert Dosser Larry Lancaster Norman E. Wideburg Charles P. Wales Eric Zemper Jaquelin Dudley Christophe Laudamiel Bruce A. Wielicki Richard J. Walker Clive S. Zent Pete Eckel Gerald Leboff George R. Wiggans Mary K. Walker- Richard E. Zigmond John Edgcomb Alan I. Leshner Curtis L. Wilbur Simmons Richard H. Zimmerman Estia Eichten Andrea Levitt Clayton A. Wiley Diana H. Wall Donald B. Zobel James Ellis Michael Lewis Alan K. Williams William A. Wallace Paul E. Zorsky Joseph S. Engenito John Linderman James D. Williams Mitchel B. Wallerstein Carol Zuckerman Eldon Enger Mark J. Logsdon John A. Williams Leonard F. Walts Cliff Zukin Akbarpoor Fatemeh James Lundblad Norris H. Williams Edith Wang Robert Fay Deborah Maclean Richard C. Williams Tom Wang Patron Members Alison Fennessy Fields Gregory Makoff T. Walley Williams III Lawrence Wangh Edward Aboufadel Richard Friedman Scott Manske Steve Williamson Jonathan B. Ward R. Paul Aftring Peter Fruhstorfer Scott Margolin John R. Willis Raymond Ward Asma Amleh R. F. Gaeke Mark Markham Bobby L. Wilson Bennie R. Ware Albert Anderson Curtis Galloway David Marlowe David L. Wilson Richard Warg Cherry Ann Murray James Garrels Nathalie Marron Raymond A. Wilson Albert A. Warnas Dale Bachwich Thomas Giroux Edward S. Matalka Paul H. Wine Frank W. Warner III Mary Barber John Gluck Jordan Matthews Monica P. Winter Steven F. Watanabe May R. Berenbaum Howard Gobstein Gail Mattson Sidney G. Winter, Jr. George E. Watson III Kathleen Berger Alfred L. Goldberg F. Maurrasse Allen H. Wise John Waycuilis Margaret & Will Betchart Sheila Hafter Gray Michael May Dallas E. Weaver John Wiseman

48 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT †Deceased Nina Mayr Rick Stephens Charles Valentine Riley Hewlett-Packard Pfizer Foundation R. F. McAllister Shepard Stone Memorial Foundation Company Foundation Matching Gifts James McCarthy S. D. Stroupe Community Shares of Hoover Family Fund Program Gregory Meisner G. Swanson Minnesota Campaign Howard Hughes Medical Pitts Family Foundation Management Steven Melander- Tomoaki Takahashi Institute Research Councils UK Connecticut Innovations Dayton Susan Taylor IBM Richard Lounsbery The Cynthia & George Foundation Richard Melmon Douglas Thomas Indo-US Science & Mitchell Foundation Technology Forum Rita Allen Foundation Richard A. Meserve Glenn Thomas Dana Foundation Irwin and Joan Robert Wood Johnson Kari Miller Jennifer Ticknor The David & Linda Jacobs Fund of the Foundation E. J. Moniz Kirsten Vadheim Packard Foundation Jewish Community Rockefeller Family Fund Howard L. Morgan James Vancik Digital Science Foundation Rockefeller Foundation Bruce Morita Lydia Villa-Komaroff DuPont Jewish Communal Fund Sanofi Aventis R et D Fernando Morris Axel Villard eBay Inc. Foundation The John Templeton SciLifeLab Maureen Neitz Brian Wainscott Foundation EMJAYCO LP Seattle Foundation Peter Neupert Robert Walsh Johnson & Johnson Eppendorf AG Sentry Dynamics, Inc. Mark Nockleby Warren Weisberg The Kavli Foundation European Comission The Shack Sackler Jacques Nor Ralph Wharton The Fodor Family Trust Kirksey Family Foundation Michael Nova Revocable Living Trust Travis White Ford Foundation Silicon Valley KPMG Don O’Brien Dennis Whyte Forney Family Community P. O’Keefe Daniel Wiese Foundation L’Oréal USA Foundation Van Oliver Dara Wilber Foundation for Polish Laura and John Arnold Sinauer Associates, Inc. Foundation William Paradise Marlan Willis Science Skoll Global Threats Leidos Charles Patton Christopher Wilson Foundation to Promote Fund The Lemelson Robert Paul Siemann Isaac J. Winograd Open Society Subaru of America, Inc. Foundation Rebecca L. Peace Mary Woolley Ganguly Family The Summit Family Linden Trust for Ronald Pedalino Foundation Fund Conservation Kerry Phillips Gartner Sunset Laboratory Inc. Corporations and Literature Review Dennis Pilarczyk Genentech Takeda Pharmaceuticals Foundations Services International Co. Daniel Pinkel Gester Global Motion Abbott Fund Matching Fund Mars, Incorporated Target Corporation Anthony Previte Grant Program Give With Liberty Mayo Clinic College of Verizon Foundation Marc Puig Medicine Alfred P. Sloan Employee Donations Wells Fargo Community Stephen C. Ragatz Foundation GSK MBIA Foundation, Inc. Support Campaign Larry Rairden The Amgen Foundation The GE Foundation Merck Company YourCause James Rantschler Foundation Argosy Foundation Golden Family Sergey Redko Arizona Pain Specialists Foundation Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany John Reed Battelle Goldhirsh Foundation Millennium Jill Roberts BBSRC Good World Pharmaceuticals Inc. Alexandra Roosevelt Benevity Community Gordon and Betty Moore Minneapolis Jewish J. Rowe Impact Fund Foundation Federation Chris Rufer Bill & Melinda Gates Grainger Matching Mitchell Foundation William Saucier Foundation Charitable Gifts Morgan Stanley Robert Schneider BlueCross BlueShield of Program North Carolina Network for Good Richard M. Schoen Greek Islands Boston Foundation Restaurant Northern Lights Marc J. Schwob Foundation, Inc. Boveri-Trackman Family Green Electronics Ronald C. Searls Foundation Inc. Council Noyce Foundation Abdulalim Shabazz Bristol-Myers Squibb Hamill Family Oak Foundation David J. Simons Foundation Foundation Open Society Bruce Simonson Burroughs Wellcome Heising-Simons Foundations Linda Smith Fund Foundation Paul and Dottie Judson Somerville California Resources Helmholtz Association Foundation Fund H. Sox Production Helmsley Charitable of the DuPage Foundation David Staal Corporation Trust Pepsico Foundation Dusan Stefoski Canon U.S.A., Inc. HelpAge International Richard Steiner

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 49 Government Agencies and Other Organizations

Academy of Nutrition American Society of The International Rensselaer Polytechnic U.S. Department of and Dietetics Plant Biologists Society of Optics and Institute Health & Human Foundation American Society of Photonics Rhode Island Science Services Acoustical Society of Anesthesiolgists Iowa State University and Technology U.S. Department of America American Sociological King Abdulaziz City Advisory Council Homeland Security American Association for Science and Smithsonian Institution U.S. Department of the Anthropological American Society of Technology Society for Interior Association Civil Engineers Linguistic Society of Advancement of U.S. Department of American Association of American Society for America Chicanos and Native State Colleges of Pharmacy Microbiology Louisiana State Americans in Science U.S. Environmental (SACNAS) American Chemical American Society of University Protection Agency Society Mechanical Engineers Maine Technology Society for Mining, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Meallurgy and American Educational American Statistical Institute Service Exploration, Inc. Research Association Association Materials Research U.S. Food and Drug Society for American Geophysical American Veterinary Society Administration Neuroscience Union Medical Association Millennium Challenge U.S. Geological Survey Society for Research in American Geosciences Association for Corporation United States Institute Child Development Institute Information Science The Minerals, Metals, of Peace American Institute of and Technology and Materials Society Society for Science & Universities Space the Public Physics Association of American Morgan State University Research Association The Society for the American Mathematical Geographers Mount Desert Research University of Delaware Psychological Study Society Biophysical Society Bio Lab University of Maine of Social Issues American Brigham Young Museum of Science University of Miami Society of Automotive Meteorological University Nanyang Technological Engineers University of New Society Carnegie Institution for University International Hampshire American Nuclear Science National Academies Society of Industrial and University of North Society Consortium of Social of Sciences, Applied Mathematics Carolina American Science Associations Engineering, and South Dakota State University of Oklahoma Orthopsychiatric Cornell University Medicine Association University University of Pittsburgh Council on National Aeronautics Texas A&M University University of Rhode American Philosophical Undergraduate and Space U.S - India Science Island Association Research Administration & Technology University of Southern American Physical Dartmouth University National Center for Endowment Fund California Society Science and Civic Duke University American Physiological Engagement U.S. Agency for University of Southern Federal Bureau of International Mississippi Society National Institutes of Investigation Development American Political Health University of Utah Geological Society of U.S. Army Corps of Science Association National Institute of University of Vermont America Engineers American Psychological Justice University of Georgia Institute of U.S. Department of Association National Science Washington Technology Agriculture American Public Health Foundation University of Waterloo Institute of Electrical U.S. Department of Association Oak Ridge Associated Univision and Electronics Defense Universities American Society Engineers, USA WestEd U.S. Department of of Agronmy/Crop Oklahoma State Institute of Food Education Science Society of University Technologists U.S. Department of America/Soil Science The Optical Society Society of America Institute of Navigation Energy Purdue University

Endowments & Named Funds

The AAAS Kavli Science The Early-Career The Gilbert S. Omenn The Joshua E.Neimark The Revelle Fund Journalism Awards Award for Public Grand Challenges Memorial Travel The William T. Golden Endowment Engagement Fund Endowment Assistance Endowment Fund for The Charles Valentine The Fund for Honesty in The Marion Milligan Endowment Program Innovation Riley Memorial Scientific Research Mason Fund The Martin L. and Rose Endowment The John P. McGovern Wachtel Memorial Endowment Fund

50 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT FEBRUARY • BOSTON, MA SERVINGF E BRUARY SOCIETY THROUGH• BOSTON SCIENCE POLICY

Join Us in Boston

The AAAS Annual Meeting is interdisciplinary and inclusive. Thousands of leading scientists, engineers, educators, policymakers, and journalists from around the world will gather to discuss recent developments in science and technology.

Registration opens August 2016.

aaas.org/meetings

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 51 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

OPP-AM17-AnnualReportAd_8.5x11_Final.indd 1 4/19/16 12:48 PM 20 By Joining AAAS, Members 15 Become a Voice for Science

Research published in the Science family of journals and to adopt innovative, “digital-first” approaches to in 2015 described advances in cancer immunotherapy scientific communication. Already, AAAS has made and personalized vaccines, new insights to climate- significant strides toward becoming a truly digital-first change impacts, and the first fascinating flyby of the enterprise, through a comprehensive redesign of the dwarf planet Pluto and its moon, Charon. At the same Science website, the rollout of an open-access journal, time, AAAS dispatched 280 Science & Technology Science Advances, and plans for two new journals, Policy Fellows to Capitol Hill and elsewhere, bringing Science Robotics and Science Immunology. science to bear in policy decisions. The association also provided awards and mentoring programs to help AAAS has also made meaningful progress toward uplift women in science, worked to improve science putting members first. Engaging every AAAS member education, leveraged science diplomacy, and spoke more fully in the association and its contributions forcefully on the urgent need to address climate to society, while also substantially increasing the change and to fully fund research and development. number of members who help give science a voice on AAAS members remain essential to these and many pressing global issues, will remain key priorities for other high-impact activities. By becoming members the new Membership Engagement and Development of AAAS, scientists, engineers, teachers, and others Office. This has meant finding ways to better serve become a force for advancing science to serve society, members both by improving member services, and and a voice for the scientific enterprise worldwide. by providing members with what they need and want to advance their careers throughout their lives— The benefits of AAAS membership include the from kindergarten through the post-doctoral and Science journals, but also much more—particularly professional stages. now, as the association has been transforming itself to better serve its members. In addition to becoming How is AAAS improving member services? By the end a member-facing organization, the Transformation of 2016, a new AAAS Member Platform will provide Initiative calls on AAAS to ramp up advocacy efforts, long-time and new members alike with much more

52 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT Open Minds

intuitive access to AAAS, thereby enhancing the cooperation, and communicate the value of member experience. Specifically, the new Member science—and scientific investments—to society. Platform will allow users to maintain a single AAAS is therefore working to dramatically expand log-in, learn how they can become more involved its membership, by reaching out to sectors that with AAAS, update their membership profile, may have been less engaged with AAAS in the and more easily renew their relationship with past, such as those working in industry, students the association, 24-7. Already, the membership- and faculty at community colleges, early- renewal process has been streamlined and career professionals, high-school students, and simplified. The association’s public website, eventually, the science-interested public. As part www.AAAS.org, is meanwhile being merged with of a new Employee Ambassadors Program, every MemberCentral to provide a smoother user member of the AAAS staff has become a member experience across all AAAS online sites. of AAAS so that they can experience firsthand what it means to be a member. Employees are New career services and products are also being also being challenged to help expand the ranks of launched, including certificate-level online courses AAAS. Every existing member can be a positive to help members avoid common errors in proposal force for science, too, by spreading the word writing, understand the federal R&D budget about the good work that AAAS is doing. Help to process, effectively work with policymakers, give scientists and engineers an influential voice communicate science to non-scientists, and worldwide. For AAAS membership information, log engage with the public on science-society issues. onto www.aaas.org/join. (See Careerdevelopment.AAAS.org.)

Members make it possible for AAAS to help broaden the science and technology talent pool, build bridges toward international research

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 53 20 Financial Statements 15

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 ($ in thousands) 2015 2014 ASSETS Cash 5,311 5,860 Accounts receivable, net 3,345 2,929 Grants and contributions receivable, net 11,064 6,316 Prepaid expenses and other 2,800 2,307 Investments 77,169 92,335 Property, plant and equipment 57,490 58,046 Total assets 157,179 167,793

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 10,629 13,169 Deferred dues, subscriptions revenue and other 22,133 24,465 Bonds payable, net 7,471 9,209 Total liabilities 40,233 46,843

Net assets: Unrestricted 83,611 93,986 Temporarily restricted 18,309 17,776 Permanently restricted 15,026 9,188 Total net assets 116,946 120,950 Total liabilities and net assets 157,179 167,793

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 ($ in thousands) 2015 2014 Revenues: Member dues 9,446 9,914 Publishing 49,891 49,748 Grants and other program support 29,023 29,077 Leasing, investments and other 10,185 11,771 98,545 100,510 Expenses: Publishing 47,198 46,711 Education, policy and other programs 38,424 38,987 General and administrative expenses 16,398 15,642 102,020 101,340 Operating income, before tax (3,475) (830) Provision for income tax 58 221 Nonoperating revenue and expense (6,841) (3,399) Change in unrestricted net assets (10,374) (4,450) Change in restricted net assets 6,370 (644) Change in net assets (4,004) (5,094) Net assets, beginning of year 120,950 126,044 Net assets, end of year 116,946 120,950

54 AAAS 2015 ANNUAL REPORT 20 AAAS Board of Directors, 15 Officers, and Information

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2015 Center of Science, Policy and Science News Society Programs Tim Appenzeller, News Editor

Chair Edward Derrick, Chief Program Director Gerald R. Fink Whitehead Institute/Massachusetts Digital Media ASSOCIATION INFORMATION Institute of Technology Rob Covey, Chief Digital Media Officer

President Association Headquarters Education and Human Resources Association Headquarters Geraldine Richmond American Association for the University of Oregon Programs Shirley M. Malcom, Director Advancement of Science President-Elect 1200 New York Avenue, NW Barbara Schaal Executive Office Washington, DC 20005 USA Washington University in St. Louis Andrew Black, Chief of Staff Tel: 202-326-6400 Beth Rosner, Senior Advisor Treasurer AAAS Annual Meeting

David Evans Shaw Finance Dates: 16-20 February 2017 Black Point Group Colleen Struss, Chief Financial Officer / Location: Boston, Mass. Chief Legal Officer www.aaas.org/meetings Chief Executive Officer Find future and past meeting information. Rush D. Holt Government Relations Joanne Carney, Director AAAS Human Resources www.aaas.org OTHER MEMBERS Patricia Sias, Director Find breaking AAAS news and membership information. Bonnie L. Bassler Information Technology Princeton University Michael Savelli, Chief Technology Officer Science Journals www.sciencemag.org/journals May R. Berenbaum International and Security Affairs Science, Science Advances, Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tom Wang, Chief International Officer Signaling, Science Translational Medicine, Carlos J. Bustamante and Director, AAAS Center for Science and as of 2016—Science Robotics and University of California, Berkeley Diplomacy Science Immunology Stephen P.A. Fodor Marketing Science Careers Cellular Research, Inc. Elise Swinehart, Director www.sciencecareers.org Look for career advice, how-to information Claire M. Fraser Membership Development and and more. University of Maryland School of Medicine Engagement Michael Gazzaniga Beth Bush, Chief Membership Officer EurekAlert! University of California, Santa Barbara www.eurekalert.org New Business Innovations & Read breaking research news in multiple Laura H. Greene languages. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/ Trellis Florida State University Josh Freeman, Senior Advisor and Founding Trellis General Manager, Trellis Elizabeth Loftus www.trelliscience.com University of California, Irvine A digital communication and collaboration Philanthropy and Strategic platform. Mercedes Pascual Partnerships University of Chicago Juli Staiano, Chief Philanthropy Officer MAKE A GIFT www.aaas.org/giving Public Programs Be a catalyst for change—donate online. AAAS MANAGEMENT Ginger Pinholster, Chief Communications Officer JOIN AAAS Chief Executive Officer and www.aaas.org/join Publishing Advance science, serve society, and read Executive Publisher Bill Moran, Interim Publisher Science, too. Rush D. Holt Project 2061 This report is based on content written by Chief Operating Officer Jo Ellen Roseman, Director various members of the AAAS Office of Celeste Rohlfing Public Programs staff during 2015. Writing Science Editorial assistance was provided by Kathleen O’Neil. Marcia McNutt, Editor-in-Chief The design was developed by the AAAS Monica Bradford, Executive Editor Marketing team.

INNOVATION, INFORMATION, AND IMAGING 55 Thank You

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