OFFICIAL
Control Collaboration Project Update Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Strategic Development 5
Purpose To update Members on progress with the Control Collaboration project.
Recommendations That Members note the progress of the project and approve up to four further visits to Systel France for project team members to support developments of the new Command and Control System.
Summary This report contains information on the current position of the Control Collaboration Project, which is a joint project to deliver an integrated Command and Control system for West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service (WYFRS) and South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue (SYFR). The project is complex and highly technical in nature and there have been a number of challenges in fully implementing the system to our exacting requirements. The system has now been live for some time and project teams have been working hard with Systel, the provider, to develop the system and deliver its full functionality. The Project remains within budget and is on track for delivery of the full functionality by late 2015 or early 2016.
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: Director of Strategic Development
Background papers open to inspection: None
Annexes: None
10
1 Introduction
1.1 The new Command and Control System provided by Systel went live at WYFRS Service Delivery Centre (SDC) on 13th November 2014 following SYFR who had gone live a few months earlier. Since then WYFRS have mobilised to over 17, 000 incidents including several large multi-pump incidents that have tested the systems functionality. 2 Information
2.1 The Command and Control system provided by Systel for WYFRS and SYFR is designed to provide for 100% redundancy on the entire system to virtually eliminate the possibility of entire system failures or major disruption. It comprises of 3 databases situated over 2 sites connected by 2 fibre optic links taking a diverse route between WYFRS SDC and SYFS Headquarters.
2.2 The resilience offered by the system ensures that each Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) can take each other’s emergency calls and mobilise resources seamlessly without having the need to maintain a secondary control facility within their own FRS.
2.3 The architecture of the new Command and Control System is designed so that each FRS has a fall-back location in the other FRS’s Control Suite that can be utilised during periods where one control room needs to be fully evacuated or a critical failure has occurred on one site. To test the business continuity arrangements, all shifts within WYFRS Control have now undergone fall-back training at South Yorkshire. This training involved operating the WYFRS Control room from South Yorkshire Headquarters for a full day. Further testing will be carried out later in the year that will include a further evacuation from SDC with a full command structure in place operating from South Yorkshire.
2.4 Following the implementation of the new Command and Control system the improved functionality has seen a major change to how resources are mobilised. This includes the recent rollout of new Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) software and Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVLS) which allows the Control Room to mobilise the nearest resource to the incident based on its GPS location. The system, via the AVLS tracking, also allows an appliance to be redirected from a non-life risk incident to a nearby life risk incident if necessary. This will ensure that the nearest resources are always available to attend life risk incidents. All resources can be tracked from within the Control Room utilising the mapping software on the large wall mounted monitors.
2.5 The next major phase of development is the replacement of the MDT hardware solution with new demountable equipment that will give increased operational functionality including, for example, route guidance software and information on vehicles to assist with extrication from road traffic collisions.
2.6 Whilst there have been some notable functional enhancements delivered by the new system, there have also been a number of technical problems which has caused some difficulties, which has an impact on staff within the Control Room. Control Staff have responded well to these challenges and remain focussed and highly professional ensuring the highest possible standards of service at all times. Examples of problems include; where system functionality does not operate as expected; system stability issues when updates to software are applied; and periodic system faults and performance issues. These issues are generally dealt with effectively by Systel but when they occur they can be frustrating and difficult to resolve.
2.7 A significant amount of effort is being put in to addressing the outstanding issues by staff from WYFRS, SYFR and Systel. The system is being developed with improvements seen almost on a weekly basis with the project team making slight changes to the configuration with updates and fixes being carried out by Systel following consultation with the project team. Weekly conference calls are a regular feature with issues discussed with developers in France and representatives from Systel UK. Monthly Project Board meetings, chaired by the Deputy Chief Fire Officer from WYFRS, monitor progress and hold the supplier to account.
11 2.8 A major milestone recently has seen the signing off of Site Acceptance Testing (SAT) which has released the associated payment, with the process being audited by Internal Audit from Kirklees MDC to ensure compliance and provide assurance for both fire and rescue authorities.
2.9 There remain a number of key elements still to be delivered including features such as the Dynamic Cover and Risk Modelling Tool, which will be used to ensure the best possible emergency cover across West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire at all times. During June 2015, the project teams carried out two planned visits to Systel in La Rochelle, France. The first visit was for administrator training that will ensure Control Staff can carry out additional configuration of the system and identify issues with the system through improved fault diagnosis. The second visit was a planned workshop where the project teams were able to sit down face to face with Systel developers and discuss some of the day to day issues currently being experienced with the system. This included issues that meet the tender requirement in theory, but due to differing interpretation do not support the current way of working and are real priority issues for our Control staff.
2.10 This visit also allowed the team to discuss and agree with the Systel development team the specifications for some of the remaining developments and establish a timeline for delivery.
2.11 The visits to France by the project team remain absolutely vital to the delivery of the outstanding developments within the agreed timeline. There remain a number of further developments to discuss and these will need to be facilitated through more workshops later in the year. It is anticipated that a further four visits to France for up to four personnel on each occasion will be required over the coming months.
2.12 The project team are currently working through the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) using a series of scripts to test the functionality of the system that has just been delivered including MDT’s and functionality recently delivered in the latest software releases.
2.13 Relationships continue to build with South Yorkshire through the regular project meetings and also the weekly joint conference calls with Systel. There are inevitable differences in ways of working but these have been factored into the slight variations in configuration over the two sites. An agreement is also in place between both Services to ensure major developments affecting both services are discussed and agreed with Systel before changes are applied.
2.14 Many challenges lie ahead to keep the delivery of the outstanding developments on target and ensure the contract is delivered as per the agreed specification. There have been various issues surrounding the misinterpretation in certain areas where Systel claimed compliance with the original tender specification. This is not unusual for any major ICT project and the solution lies in working pragmatically and diligently with the supplier to address any areas of disagreement and/or misinterpretation. This is what is currently taking place and being monitored through various project meetings and the robust project governance in line with the WYFRS Project Framework. 3 Financial Implications
3.1 The project remains within allocated budgets and due to delays in delivery of certain elements of functionality, a number of key milestone payments are currently being withheld. The situation is closely monitored by the Control Collaboration Project Board and delivery of the elements linked to such payments is audited by Kirklees MDC Internal Audit, who are members of the Board.
3.2 The costs associated with the project team visits to Systel France can be met from within existing resources.
12 4 Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 Equality and diversity implications have been identified and addressed previously as part of the project. There are no further implications arising which relate specifically to the information contained in this report. 5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 Health & safety issues have been identified and addressed previously as part of the project. There are no further health and safety issues arising related specifically to the information contained in this report. 6 Organisational Dependencies
6.1 The Control Collaboration project remains a major piece of work and demands resources from a wide range of departments. Continued commitment will therefore be required from staff who are crucial to the successful delivery of the project for at least another 6 months and possibly longer. This is factored into the assessment of any other demands on resources through the Change Management Programme Board, chaired by the Deputy Chief Fire Officer, which has oversight of all major projects currently under way. 7 Service Plan Links
7.1 Successful delivery of the Command and Control System is a key action in the 2015/16 Acton Plan. 8 Conclusions
8.1 The Control Collaboration Project is progressing well in spite of a number of challenges and remains within allocated budgets. It is anticipated that the majority of outstanding developments will be delivered by the end of 2015, with some less critical functionality delivered by early spring 2016.
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OFFICIAL
Mental Health Challenge - appointment of Member champion Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Service Delivery 6
Purpose The purpose of this report is to advise Members regarding the Authority’s potential involvement in the Mental Health Challenge and seek nominations for a Member Champion to support this work.
Recommendations a) Approve the proposal detailed in section 2.6 of this report; b) Receive further reports as appropriate.
Summary Mental Health has been identified as a significant factor in terms of both accidental and deliberate fire deaths and is the reason why the Authority should seek to work with partners to support the most vulnerable members of the community. This paper introduces the Mental Health Challenge and the principle of a Member Champion, which would form one of the actions required in this arena.
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: Area Manager Ian Bitcon, Fire Safety T:P 01274 655720 E: [email protected]
Background papers open to inspection: None
Annexes: None
14 1 Introduction
1.1 The Mental Health Challenge was set up by the Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Foundation, Mind, Rethink Mental Illness, Royal College of Psychiatrists and ‘YoungMinds’. The Challenge is funded by the Department of Health through the Mental Health Strategic Partnership.
1.2 Local authorities have a key role in implementing the resultant mental health strategy and improving mental health in their communities. The Challenge provides support and encourages local authorities to take a proactive approach to this crucial issue within their communities.
1.3 Initially the Challenge was only open to Councils to take part and excluded Fire and Rescue Authorities. However, members from Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Authority requested that an approach be made to the Partnership to consider extending involvement to include Fire and Rescue Authorities.
1.4 The Partnership considered the request and agreed to Fire and Rescue Authorities becoming involved with the challenge. 2 Information
2.1 Research has identified that mental health is one of the seven key risk factors that are found in relation to accidental dwelling fire fatalities with 22% of the deaths between 2008 and 2013 being related to mental health issues. Moreover, when deliberate fire deaths are considered, the figures are even more striking with 66% of the fatalities having mental health as a contributory factor.
2.2 There is significant evidence that the prevalence of smoking and alcohol abuse are greater amongst individuals who are suffering from mental health issues which in themselves are key factors in the likelihood of an individual dying in a fire.
2.3 Fire authorities can play a key role in implementing the mental health strategy and improving mental health in their communities. The aim of the Challenge is to support and encourage authorities to take a proactive approach to this crucial issue.
2.4 The Mental Health Challenge has identified ten actions that authorities could take to promote mental health:
• appoint an elected member as ‘mental health champion’ • identify a lead officer for mental health to link in with colleagues • follow the implementation framework for the mental health strategy where it is relevant to the authority’s work and local needs • work to reduce inequalities in mental health in our community • work with the NHS to integrate health and social care support • promote wellbeing and initiate and support action on public mental health for example through our joint health and wellbeing strategy • tackle discrimination on the grounds of mental health in our community eEncourage positive mental health in our schools, colleges and workplaces • proactively engage and listen to people of all ages and backgrounds about what they need for better mental health • sign up to the Time to Change pledge.
2.5 Furthermore, national mental health organisations will support local authorities that take on the challenge by:
• providing resources (for example published evidence, expert opinion and briefings) to help authorities take local action in support of the strategy. • offering networking opportunities and peer support for mental health champions, including an annual meeting and through use of electronic media.
15 • Recognising and acknowledging publicly the authorities that sign up to the challenge and the ‘champions’ they appoint.
2.6 It is therefore proposed that a Member Champion be identified to support the Mental Health Challenge. Whilst the role of Champion is yet to be fully defined, the key activities will include raising awareness of mental health issues in the development of policies and strategies, as well as supporting West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service (WYFRS) in discussions on mental health issues with local authority and NHS organisations and linking with mental health service users and voluntary groups locally to understand their needs and concerns. 3 Financial Implications
3.1 There are no additional financial implications associated with this paper. 4 Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 The support of individuals with mental health issues is an important factor in terms of reducing the stigmatisation of a series of illnesses that will affect a significant proportion of the community.
5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 There are no health and safety implications in respect of this report. 6 Service Plan Links
6.1 The support of individuals with mental health issues is a key element in terms of delivering a proactive Community Safety Programme and specifically working with partners to reduce the risk of fires, road traffic incidents, other emergencies and enhance community well-being. 7 Conclusions
7.1 The Mental Health Challenge provides the Fire and Rescue Authority with a significant opportunity to support very vulnerable members of the community and offers a range of resources to support Members, which provide a key element in terms of meeting the ambition of “Making West Yorkshire Safer”.
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OFFICIAL
Safeguarding - activity update Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Service Delivery 7
Purpose To inform Community Safety Committee of the Safeguarding activity undertaken during 2014/15 under West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service (WYFRS) Safeguarding Procedure
Recommendations That Community Safety Committee note the information provided in this report and continue to promote the Authority’s commitment to safeguarding vulnerable members of the community of West Yorkshire
Summary This report provides Members with a summary of the 63 cases that have been referred through the safeguarding “cause for concern” process for the fiscal year from April 1st 2014.
Of the cases that were referred, 43 were identified as safeguarding referrals and subsequently referred to the respective District Local Authority Safeguarding teams, whilst the remaining 20 were identified as vulnerable individuals requiring additional support from WYFRS.
The report also highlights the training that is required to support the process and outlines the likely impacts of the Care Act 2014.
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: Michelle Rhodes; Policy, Partnership and Volunteering Supervisor – 0113 3875726
Background papers open to inspection: WYFRS Safeguarding Procedure 2014
Annexes: None
17
1 Introduction
1.1 For the fiscal year of April 2014 to March 2015, sixty three safeguarding ‘cause for concern’ forms were raised by WYFRS personnel, an increase of one from last year’s total. Out of the sixty three cause for concern forms submitted, 43 were due to safeguarding concerns and 20 were identifying vulnerable individuals. 2 Information
2.1 In the fiscal year from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015, there have been sixty three safeguarding ‘cause for concerns’ raised by WYFRS personnel, 43 regarding adults and 20 regarding children.
2.2 A change in process took place during 2014 whereby the cause for concern form was amended to enable District Prevention Managers (DPM) to identify whether the concern is safeguarding related or identification of a vulnerable individual. Safeguarding audits are now also undertaken centrally within Prevention to determine whether the safeguarding cause for concern which was raised has been identified correctly by the relevant manager, appropriate referee notes recorded to enable decisions to be made and suitable outcomes recorded.
2.3 This process has resulted in 43 safeguarding referrals through to District Local Authorities and 20 vulnerable individuals identified. Safeguarding referrals resulted in 25 regarding adults, 18 regarding children. In relation to vulnerable individuals identified, 18 were adults and 2 were children.
2.4 Safeguarding is now also discussed during every prevention Performance Management Visit as a reminder to operational personnel of our procedure and responsibilities within this.
2.5 The breakdown of the 63 referrals by District is as detailed below:
No. District Adults Children Referrals Bradford 14 10 4 Safeguarding 8 4 4 Vulnerable 6 6 0 Calderdale 6 3 3 Safeguarding 4 2 2 Vulnerable 2 1 1 Kirklees 10 5 5 Safeguarding 5 3 2 Vulnerable 5 5 0 Leeds 29 19 10 Safeguarding 23 14 9 Vulnerable 6 5 1 Wakefield 4 3 1 Safeguarding 3 2 1 Vulnerable 1 1 0 TOTAL 63 40 23
18 2.6 The DPM’s are not only responsible for ensuring the prompt referral of concerns through to the appropriate safeguarding unit, but also to follow up on the status and outcomes of the referrals. Feedback is given to the member of staff who raised the concern as and when the information is available, but being mindful of any sensitive or confidential information that it may not be appropriate to share.
2.7 As part of the implementation of WYFRS Safeguarding Procedure, an e-learning safeguarding module has been developed in-house which addresses how to recognise and respond to abuse. It includes relevant information and advice that is in keeping with WYFRS position as an ‘Alerter’ Authority. This training is currently undergoing further development as a result of findings through the audit process and developments from the implementation of the Care Act and will be rolled out for completion by WYFRS personnel.
2.8 An additional training module is available for WYFRS personnel whose role involves safeguarding, i.e. Designated Managers and ‘regulated activity’ roles, to ensure they are fully aware of their safeguarding roles and responsibilities. This is also currently under review and will be rolled out to relevant members of personnel during October 2015.
2.9 The Care Act now 2014 states that Self Neglect can now be classified as a type of abuse and should be reported through safeguarding processes. WYFRS is currently in contact with each district to further understand how these changes impacts on current processes and the expectation in relation to referrals which may be submitted from WYFRS to safeguarding teams due to the nature of some higher risk home fire safety check visits. 3 Financial Implications
3.1 The costs of training and implementation of the safeguarding policy are met from within the current approved revenue budget. 4 Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 Implementation of the procedure and the training of employees supports the safeguarding of children & vulnerable adults. An Equality Analysis on the Safeguarding Procedure and all associated training will ensure appropriate equality risks are identified and addressed effectively, and ensure Authority compliance with the Public Sector Equality Duty. Equality and diversity issues relating to children and vulnerable adults are referred to the appropriate safeguarding unit. 5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 None arising directly from this report, however robust safeguarding arrangements will help to ensure the safety of vulnerable adults and children across West Yorkshire 6 Service Plan Links
6.1 Safeguarding is a key element in terms of delivering WYFRS’ ambition of “Making West Yorkshire Safer” and is key in terms of working with partners to ensure that we deliver a proactive prevention programme. 7 Conclusions
7.1 That Community Safety Committee note the content of the report and continues to actively promote the Authority’s commitment to preventing abuse and safeguarding children and vulnerable adults by supporting the internal safeguarding processes implemented under the Procedure.
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OFFICIAL
West Yorkshire Resilience Forum Annual Report 2014 - 15 Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Service Delivery 8
Purpose To inform Members of the publication of the West Yorkshire Resilience Forum Annual Report 2014/15
Recommendations That Members note the contents of this report
Summary This report highlights the publication of the West Yorkshire Resilience Forum Annual Report 2014/15 and the contribution West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service make to the Forum and its stated Strategic Objectives
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: AM I Dunkley (Operations Support) T: (01274 655783) E: [email protected]
Background papers open to inspection: None
Annexes: West Yorkshire Resilience Forum Annual Report 2014/15
20 1 Introduction
1.1 The Civil Contingencies Act 1994 (CCA 2004) requires that in every Police force area a Local Resilience Forum must operate. In West Yorkshire this forum is referred to as the West Yorkshire Resilience Forum (WYRF).
1.2 West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service (WYFRS) are deemed a ‘Category One responder’ under the terms of the Act and, as such, have specific duties relating to contingency planning. These duties are met utilising personnel from across the Service and strategic representation at WYRF meetings is maintained via the Director of Service Delivery, who also acts as Co-Chair of the Forum. 2 Information
2.1 At the end of the financial year the WYRF manager (on behalf of the co-chairs) produces an Annual Report which highlights the work and achievements of the Forum against the previous year’s work programme. The WYRF Annual Report 2014/2015 is attached to this report for reference. From the report it can be seen from page 7 onwards that the Forum operates through numerous sub groups (WYFRS personnel chair the Interoperability and Training & Exercising sub groups and have been a key driver in the re-establishment of the Risk and Capabilities sub group).
2.2 The Annual Report also provides details of key issues and events that the Forum has responded to over the last year (page 14). These include:
• The Tour de France • Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) • International Terrorism • Protest and Industrial Action • Ebola
2.3 There is a look ahead to the year ahead, (page 17) with issues affecting the WYRF identified as:
• The General Election • The English Defence League (EDL) • The Tour de Yorkshire • Funding of WYRF
2.4 A business plan for 2015/16 has been developed and agreed and this is detailed on page 18 of the report.
2.5 The Financial Report for 2014/15 can be found at page 23, which details how member organisations contributions towards the running of the Forum are attributed.
3 Financial Implications
3.1 WYFRS contribution towards the forum is £8,000 per annum. It is considered that this contribution is excellent value for money for the organisation.
4 Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 This report demonstrates how WYFRS works with its partners to plan and prepare for emergencies affecting West Yorkshire communities, including those who are particularly vulnerable and at risk and those with protected characteristics. Achieved through efficient and effective co-operation and information sharing, this demonstrates compliance with the FRS Equality Framework and the Public Sector Equality Duty.
21 5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 WYFRS participation in the planning for major incidents and events ensures that the health and safety of all personnel is considered throughout the planning phase - this then leads to a safer working environment for personnel in the event of a major incident taking place.
6 Service Plan Links
6.1 This report directly links to the following Priorities:
• Deliver a professional and resilient emergency response service
7 Conclusions
7.1 WYRF provides the communities of West Yorkshire with a resilient response and recovery capability in the event of major incidents of a multi-agency nature.
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WEST YORKSHIRE
RESILIENCE FORUM
ANNUAL REPORT 2014 / 2015
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CONTENTS PAGE
FOREWORD 3
INTRODUCTION 4
WYRF PARTNER ORGANISATIONS 6
THE WORK AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE FORUM 7 DURING 2014 / 2015
INCIDENTS DURING 2014 / 2015 14
THE YEAR AHEAD 2014 / 2015 17
WEST YORKSHIRE RESILIENCE FORUM BUSINESS 18 PLAN FOR 2015 / 2016
FINANCIAL REPORT 23
APPENDIX 1 – List of West Yorkshire Resilience Forum members 24
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FOREWORD
It is with great pleasure that we introduce the fifth Annual Report for the West Yorkshire Resilience Forum (WYRF) which acknowledges its achievements over the last twelve months and sets out the path for the coming year.
It is essential that all organisations responsible for responding to emergencies and assisting those affected, work together to minimise the impact of such occurrences and ensure an effective and coordinated response. The WYRF is the mechanism by which all responsible organisations can plan and ensure that we in West Yorkshire are equipped and prepared to deal with any emergency that may occur. Emergencies have a huge impact on residents, communities and businesses and cause great distress through injury, loss of life, damage to property and people being forced out of their homes. The aim of the Forum is to be able to respond in an appropriate manner to help in their times of need.
As Co-Chairs of the WYRF, we remain confident in the commitment demonstrated by members of the WYRF to working together towards our common goal:
“Preparedness for any emergency”.
On a number of occasions over the past year our plans have been put to the test through incidents and exercises. We continue to learn from our experiences and use the key lessons that we pick up along the way to continually improve our response.
It is essential that we understand the challenges that face us and that we identify and address any gaps in our capacity and capability. The National Risk Assessments and our local risk registers help us to focus on what really matters to the people of West Yorkshire and empowers us so that we are equipped to deal with emergencies as and when they happen. The threat of terrorism, further industrial action, protest and the likelihood of severe weather are key issues that may have an impact on our county over the next twelve months. We enjoyed the Tour de France, one of the world’s largest sporting events, and are now looking forward to the Tour de Yorkshire as part of its legacy. This annual report sets out the strategic business plan to help ensure that all member organisations are working together to further enhance the resilience of the county.
We would like to thank all members of the Forum, the Management Group, the network of Sub Groups and the Secretariat for their hard work and commitment over the last year. We are sure that 2015 / 2016 will bring several challenges that will test our resilience but by working together and in striving to achieve the highest standards for the people of West Yorkshire we will continue to serve the communities and provide them with the response they deserve.
Mark Milsom Dave Walton Tom Riordan Assistant Chief Constable Assistant Chief Officer Chief Executive West Yorkshire Police West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Leeds Council
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INTRODUCTION
The West Yorkshire Resilience Forum (WYRF) was formally established as a response to the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, but was built upon some very firm foundations of emergency planning that served West Yorkshire for several years beforehand. The Forum helps its members meet their legal statutory obligations, as set out in the Act, through important relationships and provides strategic leadership for the programme of work. It also enables ‘co-operation’ and ‘sharing of information’ between responders in an efficient and effective way.
Emergency Services, Local Authorities, the NHS and other public bodies are members on the Resilience Forum. Other organisations such as the Health and Safety Executive, Utility and Transport companies are represented on the Management Group and/or Sub Groups. The Voluntary & Faith Sector, the Military and the Department for Communities and Local Government, also participate fully in the partnership. Other responding organisations play a vital role in day to day emergency planning and have the right to be invited and attend meetings of the WYRF.
The WYRF Strategic Group meets formally on four occasions a year. However the bulk of the work of the WYRF is discharged through the Management Group and a network of Sub Groups.
WYRF has an agreed set of strategic objectives. These are:
Provide a systematic, planned and co-ordinated approach to encourage Category 1 Responders, in liaison with Category 2 Responders, to address all aspects of policy in relation to the duties imposed by the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 which are:
Risk assessment Planning for emergencies – including prevention and mitigation Planning for business continuity Publishing information about risk assessments and plans Arrangements to warn and inform the public and other aspects of the civil protection duty Co-operating and sharing information – to enhance co- ordination The promotion of business continuity management by Local Authorities
Make joint strategic, policy decisions relating to the County’s preparedness and response. Maintain and publish the Community Risk Register and ensure it provides a robust basis for planning. Consider the implications of legislation, national initiatives and decisions that impact on the WYRF.
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To approve an Annual Work Plan and provide clear direction to oversee the activities of and task the working groups in the form of the Management Group. Consider Cross Border Risks and work with partners from neighbouring Local Resilience Forums, especially around mutual aid arrangements.
This Annual Report aims to demonstrate the excellent partnership arrangements and cooperation across West Yorkshire in planning for and responding to emergency events.
It also demonstrates the achievements by members of WYRF and sets out the priorities and key challenges for the year ahead.
The intended audience are members of WYRF, Chief Executives and Chief Officers from member organisations, Category 1 & 2 responders and members of the public.
Member organisations are requested to promote the achievements of the WYRF and consider how the forthcoming Business Plan can be included within their own individual performance management structures.
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WYRF PARTNER ORGANISATIONS
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THE WORK AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE WYRF DURING 2014 / 2015
All the groups across the WYRF have played an active part in taking key strands of work on and the below is a brief insight into some of the matters they have developed.
Key Work of the WYRF Sub Groups over the Past 12 Months
Mass Fatalities Sub Group:
The Chair, Neil Favager from Wakefield Council Emergency Planning Team, and the Deputy Chair, Andy Gale from the Bradford Mortuary, have pursued this area of work with drive and commitment. They have developed with guidance from both East and West Coroners a strategic level Mass Fatalities Plan that looks to address the issues around mass fatality events, they have also looked into mass body storage and how a “temporary building solution” may be the best fit going forward. The use of the Bradford Mortuary as the key facility has been recognised across the county and work is being developed at the request of a Coroner to look at this facility being seen as a centre of excellence across the wider region. Engagement with the Coroners and their staff across the county is ongoing which is vital to the work of the group. Work around Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) is another area that will be pursued over the next 12 months as a restructuring has taken place from the Police to look at regional resources and not just ones located within the county.
Severe Weather Sub Group:
Members of the Severe Weather Sub Group have developed a West Yorkshire Multi- Agency Severe Weather Plan to replace the various documents that were specific to a certain type of incident. This has involved a large amount of work by the Chair, Jason Shirazi, and it is only right that he is thanked for his contributions in this area. A big piece of work the group is looking to do is around awareness training for staff to understand the different types of severe weather colour matrix warnings that are put out by the Met Office to partners. The differences in the warnings are quite subtle but the outcomes if the warnings are not heeded could be very different. During the year each Local Authority has reviewed their multi-agency specific off-site plans for reservoir emergencies and all 5 districts are looking to exercise these plans over the next 12 months.
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Risk matrix as mentioned above demonstrating that a Medium Low likelihood could lead to a Catastrophic impact depending on the circumstances.
The Met Office continues to support the resilience community with the provision of timely weather forecasts and warnings. Their presence at planning meetings and exercises has continued and the local Met Office Advisor is available to provide help, advice and support wherever and whenever required by the Category (CAT) 1 and Category (CAT) 2 responders. Close partnership working will be central to the aims and ambitions going forward. The Met Office were one of the key contributors along with Northern Powergrid to the strategic exercise that took place in early March 2015.
Resilient Communications Sub Group
The Resilient Communications Sub Group, chaired by Jim Grafton from Leeds Council and supported by Danny Cherry from West Yorkshire Police, continues to support all Emergency Services and Category 1 Responders within West Yorkshire with regard to provision of multiple alternative means of communication. Over the past year the sub-group has developed and used video conferencing to hold meetings across the WYRF and this will remain a key piece of work going forward to enable meetings to occur via LYNC or similar systems. The use of the National Resilience Direct website has continued to grow with more and more of WYRF documents being uploaded onto the site with appropriate access being given to those partners who need it. The Resilience Direct system now also includes a Mapping facility and the use of a shared system to allow partners to jointly respond / plan on a common platform. The 5 Local Authorities are also looking at different IT systems for their respective Incident Management and it may be that going forward this is also provided by Resilience Direct or one of its partners. Forced text messaging for emergency situations is being looked at nationally and this should hopefully assist all responders in dealing with critical situations.
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Voluntary Organisations & Faith Sub Group:
With changes to the capacity and capabilities of the public sector the Voluntary Organisations are recognised as key partners going forward. This has been reflected with Andy Peers, from the British Red Cross, who now has a seat on the full WYRF Strategic Group and he is a key contributor at the meetings. The sub group is chaired by Rebecca Todd from Leeds Council Emergency Planning Team who has moved the group forward with an increase in participants and a more regular schedule of meetings. During the past year the voluntary sector provided great support to the Tour de France as it went through the county with mountain rescue teams, radio support, first aid and so much more. Work is underway looking at the Voluntary Community and Faith Sector (VCFS) Response Plan and the Activation and Response arrangements document to ensure that they are fit for purpose as the group grows and develops. The Resources, Evacuation and Recovery Sub-Group have assisted in producing a document in regard to humanitarian issues. Over the next 12 months one of the key issues for the sub group will be to run and test the response of the voluntary agencies to a short notice incident.
Warning & Informing Sub Group:
Chair, Sean Westerby from Kirklees Council and Deputy Chair, Michelle Flint from West Yorkshire Police are the leads on this sub group. They have reviewed and developed the West Yorkshire Media Protocol and Toolkit and these are now on Resilience Direct, the sub group is very aware of the key messaging that can be shared on social media and the growth of this key messaging stream is seen as critical going forward. Throughout the year when and where possible all partner organisations have used social media to share posts as appropriate and this will continue to ensure the “digital footprint” of the forum increases.
On Saturday 12th July 2014, the West Yorkshire Emergency Services Show took place at West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service HQ. This is the fourth year that responder organisations have come together to promote emergency preparedness and business continuity at the show.
Leeds Council - Communicated with community members about local risk and resilience. They did this by promoting and handing out “In case of Emergency” (ICE) cards and offering advice and information.
Kirklees Council - Emergency Planning Team attended to communicate messages of risk and resilience to community members. They did this by handing out their “Don’t Panic, Prepare” booklet and offering advice and information. The team also utilised promotional goodies such as balloons, lollipops, pencils, life-long bags and quizzes/word searches which all proved a success on the day.
- Infection Prevention Control Team attended to communicate messages of reducing the spread of infections. They had a variety of activities and resources for both children and adults to support this.
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Environment Agency – Communicated with the public concerning flood risk. They aimed to educate members of the public using the flood kit and had a number of information leaflets to hand out. They also verbally offered advice and information.
Health (Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust and Bradford Teaching Hospitals) - The health representatives attended with a sample of the equipment they would use in their response duties. They used these visual aids to inform the public of how they would assist in emergencies, what the equipment is for and how it works.
West Yorkshire Resilience Forum Secretariat - Also attended in order to engage with visitors and attract them to the Resilience Village partner stalls.
The Emergency services Show at West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service HQ, Birkenshaw, thousands of people came along and enjoyed the day.
Recovery, Evacuation & Resources Sub Group:
Mike Powell from Bradford Council and Laura Crofts from Kirklees Council lead on this large portfolio and have pushed some key reviews of the work over the past twelve months. One major area that is being addressed not only within the county but regionally is the issue of East Coast Flooding, as it is likely that should the defences be breached or even look as if they may be, there will be an impact on the county to start standing up resources and potentially providing mutual aid. In March 2015 the Government Decontamination Service delivered an input in Leeds to key organisations that would be involved if a CBRN type incident occurred in the county and this provided some guidance to the sub-group to further the develop the already existing plans. It is likely that the strategic level exercise for 2105 / 16 will be CBRN focussed.
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Health & Mass Casualties Sub Group:
Following the changes to commissioning health organisations in April 2013, the West Yorkshire Health Resilience Sub Group now takes direction from the Local Health Resilience Partnership (LHRP), whilst remaining a sub group of the WYRF (WYRF). Both groups have had a busy and productive year and are functioning and delivering well under the leadership of Adam Bland following the initial concerns around clarity of roles and responsibilities following transition.
Key highlights in 2014 / 2015 included:
The successful health planning support to one of the largest sporting events in the world – The Tour De France. Development of a Pandemic Influenza Framework for Yorkshire as the West Yorkshire Plan was completed earlier this year, testing of the local plan took place in Leeds. Communication and Command post exercises which provided confidence and points of learning on the notification of health organisations in an emergency. LHRP are on with developing the Health Assurance Processes for this year after the completion of the process for last year. Continued joint planning for the Tour de Yorkshire after the success of the Tour de France. Collation of decontamination capability across hospitals in West Yorkshire in order to maintain appropriate response arrangements to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) and hazardous materials (HazMat) incidents. This links in with the role out of the new guidance for IOR (Initial Operational response) and SOR (Specialist Operational Response) to CBRN related matters.
With the restructure of the EPRR Teams across Yorkshire the following year will provide some tests in terms of exercising and incidents to our plans and contingencies.
Interoperability Sub Group:
This sub group is led by Andy Farrell from West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue and Patrick Casserly from West Yorkshire Police. The group’s main focus is the effective partner agency management of the response to a Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear (CBRN) event, a Terrorist incident and embedding the JESIP (Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme) into the three blue light agencies and key partner organisations.
CBRN The training and roll out of Initial Operational Response to a CBRN Incident is well under way and it is expected to be complete during 2015/16.
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The CBRN City Centre Specific Plan for Bradford is now complete, a generic approach will now be adopted to look at the remaining districts to ensure these are covered.
Terrorist related exercises During 2014/15 the West Yorkshire response to a terrorist related incident has been exercised on several occasions. Exercise ‘Fade to Grey’ tested the emergency services capability at operational level. This series of exercises provided the opportunity for on-scene commanders and operational responders to exercise their technical skills in a realistic scenario. The learning outcomes from the previous year were used to help develop the scenarios and make them more focussed and the feedback will be used to again further enhance the training.
JESIP JESIP Operational and Tactical Command Training has been delivered to the West Yorkshire Emergency Services and validation exercises took place in June and August 2014. The exercises were for the region and Carr Gate was used to test the 4 Yorkshire Police Forces, the 4 Yorkshire Fire Services and the Yorkshire Ambulance Service. The National JESIP Team attended the inputs to validate them and the feedback was excellent. Going forward JESIP is going to spread the key issue of working together to the wider responder community and invite partners to take part in the exercising and training regime.
Looking forward the work of this sub group will remain critical to ensure that all responders are ready for any incidents that should happen within the county especially in regard to the threat from international terrorism.
Training & Exercising Sub Group:
The Training & Exercising Sub Group meets on a quarterly basis and is chaired by Vince Macklam of West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue with Leah Bell as deputy from West Yorkshire Police. Key events for the group in 2014/15 were:-
On the 5th of March 2015 the sub group organised and ran ‘Exercise Dark Night’. This was the yearly WYRF Gold (strategic level) exercise based on a period of severe weather which resulted in electricity blackout across the county. Feedback received was very positive and indicated that attendees found the exercise beneficial and gave a good insight into potential issues that may be faced during an actual event.
In late March 2015 a tri service JESIP exercise took place to test the response to a rising tide incident at the West Yorkshire Police Training Centre at Carr Gate Complex near Wakefield. The incident began with a “simple” road traffic collision with people trapped and deceased but this low level event went on to instigate serious disorder. The exercise focussed on how the three services worked together under perceived threat and genuine disorder, looking at joint understanding of risk and joint
12 34 NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED decision making. Some key learning points have come from this very worthwhile exercise and are being developed through the sub group.
Throughout 2014/15 the Training & Exercising Sub Group have supported other sub groups in the planning and execution of various exercises. Looking forward the testing of the Tour de Yorkshire event is to be held in April 2015, also the WYRF has been and will be heavily involved in delivering training to over 1200 volunteers for the Tour de Yorkshire.
Risk & Capabilities Sub Group:
The Risk & Capabilities Sub Group has been re-established to ensure that in current times of threat and with the austerity that is ongoing the focus of the sub groups and resources is addressing the key areas of need, Dave Turner from West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue has been pivotal in driving this area forward. Following an extra- ordinary meeting of the group all the risks from across the WYRF, from both the public facing and restricted Risk Registers, were allocated to the most appropriate sub groups to manage and to report back on. This process will not be a short one as some of the risks are constantly changing and the threat continues to be very real for a variety of different reasons. In November 2014 the WYRF responded to the National Capabilities Survey and will continue to support our colleagues in the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) with this important piece of work. The Community Risk Register (CRR) for the county has been reviewed and it is thought that an easier to understand document is required for sharing with the public during 2015/ 16.
West Yorkshire Emergency Planning Officers (WYEPO) Seminars - During the last year the WYEPO seminars have looked at:
Military Aid and Civil Authorities Pathways to Resilience from Northern Powergrid Safety Advisory Groups Restructure of EPRR Public Health England Human Trafficking JESIP
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Some of key matters for the forum during 2014/15:
‘The Tour de France’
The Tour de France came to Yorkshire on the 5th and 6th of July 2014 and was a massive success with over 3 million people turning out to watch the event on the 2 days that it passed through Yorkshire. A huge thank you to all the partner organisations from across the county who assisted in the running of the race, there were some issues during the planning phase and on the actual days of the race that have provided key learning going forward but what a magnificent two days for Yorkshire and for all this involved.
CSE
Child Sexual Exploitation has become a huge issue nationally and across the county with serious investigations and prosecutions occurring across most of the districts. These despicable crimes have massive impact on the victims and it is absolutely right that they get all the support that the appropriate agencies can offer, the reporting and investigating of such offences will undoubtedly continue and potentially increase as trust in the agencies to investigate these matters gets better. The impact of such offences not only on the poor victims but across the communities in which they live cannot be underestimated and a genuine partnership approach has developed to look into such incidents and to deal with the issues raised in the correct manner.
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International Terrorism
Europe in the early months of this year suffered some terrible atrocities from international terrorism and the threat against the United Kingdom has not been as high for a number of years. During the year the forum and the relevant sub groups have received updates as to the key issues and have ensured appropriate training for those who would have a pivotal role in responding to such matters has been developed and this will be continuing during 2015/16.
The attacks in Paris (left), police action in Belgium (below) and Copenhagen (below left) in the early months of this year highlight the potential issues that could be with the United Kingdom in the near future.
The Resilience Forum now also has a direct link with the West Yorkshire CONTEST Board to ensure that a combined approach at a strategic level is delivered to support all responders across the county.
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Protest & Industrial Action during 2014/15
During the previous twelve months various organisations across the county of West Yorkshire have been subjected to industrial action. This has had the most impact on public bodies such as Local Authorities, Fire Service and Ambulance Service. Due to key partners coming together and developing contingency plans the impact has been significantly reduced on our communities.
Demonstration against austerity - February, Leeds 2015.
There have been a number of protests across the county that have been managed by the respective organisations involved.
EBOLA
Ebola had a huge impact on the National and Local health picture with contingency planning, exercising and testing taking place on a large scale.
At the end of March 2015 the National situation was:
The risk of Ebola to the general public in the UK remains very low. According to the latest PHE monthly screening and testing activity summary over 6000 people have been screened on entry into UK ports from an Ebola-affected country since 14 October last year. Over 200 Ebola tests have been carried out by PHE’s Imported Fever service. PHE has now deployed over 100 experts to assist the fight against Ebola in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia. Another 400 PHE staff have been involved in monitoring the health of returning Ebola workers, managing the screening process at airports, stations and ports across the UK, and tracing contacts of UK Ebola cases. The number of cases across the world would appears to be on a downward trend but the impact on people’s lives cannot be underestimated, this will be an ongoing issue for several months and perhaps even years.
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THE YEAR AHEAD - 2015 / 2016
Developments that may affect the West Yorkshire Resilience Forum.
The “General Election” is due to take place in May 2015.
The English Defence League (EDL) continue to protest across the country and have a right to do so but these events do impact on local communities. It is important to provide balance in supporting a legitimate right to protest and in protecting vulnerable communities going forward.
The Tour de Yorkshire in May 2015.
Partner organisations agreed to the continued support for the joint funding of the WYRF Manager and Secretariat Support for the three years, the final year is 2015/16. These will need to be addressed during this financial year.
Finances and resources are under extreme scrutiny and some organisations have already reduced the resources available to support the work of WYRF and it is feared that the work of Emergency Planning will revert back to pre- Civil Contingencies Act days. This risk only increases the requirement for member organisations to support the WYRF especially in times of such austerity and for organisations to work to support each other.
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WYRF BUSINESS PLAN FOR 2015 / 2016
1. Improve processes for the earliest identification of ‘emergencies’ (as defined under the Civil Contingencies Act, 2004), or ‘those circumstances where a unified resilience response would add value to the communities of West Yorkshire’;
2. To generate strategic or ‘essential’ alliances with neighbouring resilience forums, other non-core county responders, voluntary and private sectors based on common geographical risks, or capability / capacity requirements;
3. To continue to provide a joint training & exercising strategy to develop the skills of the partnership, and to test preparedness and planning;
4. To develop close working links with the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), RED;
5. To improve the ability of all partners to meet their duty to ‘co-operate’ as described by the CCA (Regulations);
6. Improve partnership communication and interoperability;
7. To continue to review and monitor the performance of the WYRF
The West Yorkshire Community Risk Register (CRR) has been fully reviewed and amended by the Management / Risk and Capabilities Sub Group. The very high and high risks plus the threats will continue to drive the work programme for the following year. The work programme also includes the capabilities that are required to be in place within the county, such as arrangements to deal with mass casualties.
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Therefore the work programme for 2015 / 2016 will include work on:
ITEM DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE SUB GROUP CHAIR
Responses to a Work will continue on planning to respond to : Supt Patrick Casserly Terrorist Incident(s) Attacks on crowded places, (West Yorkshire Police) Attacks on transport networks Attacks using non-conventional agents (chemical, biological, Group Manager Andy radiological agents) Farrell Attacks on critical infrastructure (WYFRS)
Severe Weather, Review site specific reservoir inundation plans Jason Shirazi Flooding and Dam Develop and deliver site specific local off site reservoir inundation (Kirklees Local Authority) Inundation exercises Review and amend the West Yorkshire Multi-Agency Flood Plan Consider seasonal weather risks and take action to mitigate e.g. heat wave, heavy snow, ice and drought.
Mass Casualty Review Flu Pandemic arrangements Adam Bland Planning Develop MERIT arrangements (NHS England ) Develop plans to support partial hospital evacuation Develop and provide assurance about Advanced Casualty Clearance Stations (ACCS’s) Review arrangements for a Scientific and Technical Advice Cell (STAC)
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Mass Fatality Review and develop the West Yorkshire Mass Fatality Plan Neil Favager Planning Develop an Eastern and Western area Temporary Mortuary Plan (Wakefield Local Authority) Conduct an exercise to test the Plan(s) Review arrangements for body storage in each district.
Training and Plan and deliver a Gold level exercise. Group Manager Vince Exercising Deliver multi-agency training and work shops Macklam Undertake 3 COMAH exercises over the year (WYFRS) To ensure all agencies arrangements for training & exercising are coordinated To disseminate and share best practice across all relevant organisations
Risk and Review the West Yorkshire Community Risk Register Dave Turner Capabilities Ensure that the Community Risk Register is published (WYFRS) appropriately Examine work undertaken as part of the CONTEST strategy Challenge resilience in relation to Essential Services
Resources, Each district to continue to develop multi-agency evacuation plans Mike Powell Evacuation & and take into consideration large scale evacuation both inward and (Bradford Local Authority) Recovery outward and the short, medium and long term consequences. Provide training opportunities for staff involved in Humanitarian Assistance to the public. Continue to work with neighbouring / other LRF’s in planning for a mass evacuation / invacuation scenario.
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Maintain arrangements in relation to a fuel disruption Train and exercise the West Yorkshire Fuel Protocol Review the Resources / Logistics Protocol Maintain emergency arrangements with local suppliers
Warning, Informing Continue to develop public awareness campaigns for those risks Sean Westerby and Community identified as very high and high in the Community Risk Register. (Kirklees Local Authority) Resilience Encourage community resilience in vulnerable communities. Review arrangements for warning and informing the public Continue to develop the use of social media to warn and inform the public, e.g. Twitter / Facebook Exercise arrangements for warning and informing the public.
Voluntary Maintain the West Yorkshire Voluntary Organisations and Faith Rebecca Todd Organisations and Communities Plan (Leeds Local Authority) Faith Communities Organise a training event Conduct an exercise to test the plan
Resilient Continue to train and exercise first responders in the use of Jim Grafton Communications Airwave Inter-operability (Leeds Local Authority) Members to maintain arrangements for MTPAS Train and exercise the Resilient Telecoms Plan Train additional Police Officers and exercise the High Integrity Telecoms System (HITS) Review and amend the Resilient Telecoms Plan Provide guidance and support in relation to Resilience Direct
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FINANCIAL REPORT
Partner contributions for the running of the WYRF
West Yorkshire Police £8,000 WYFRS £8,000 YAS £8,000 Bradford LA £8,000 Calderdale LA £8,000 Kirklees LA £8,000 Leeds LA £8,000 Wakefield LA £8,000 NHS £16,000
Total - £80,000
Current WYRF Personnel
Inspector Anwar Mohammed - WYRF Manager Jill Summerscales - WYRF Secretariat
(The shortfall in funding is picked up by West Yorkshire Police).
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APPENDIX 1 - List of WYRF Members
Co-Chairs: West Yorkshire Police ACC Mark Milsom West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue ACO Dave Walton Leeds Local Authority Chief Executive Tom Riordan
West Yorkshire Police Angela Williams
West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service Ian Dunkley
Yorkshire Ambulance Service Ian Walton
British Transport Police Eddie Wylie
Bradford Local Authority Steve Hartley
Calderdale Local Authority Robin Tuddenham
Kirklees Local Authority Rachel Spencer – Henshall
Leeds Local Authority Mariana Pexton
Wakefield Local Authority Andrew Wallhead and Andrew Balchin
Environment Agency Catherine Saxon
NHS England and Co-Chair of the Local Health Resilience Partnership Brian Hughes
Public Health England (PHE) Dr Graham Sutton
Armed Forces Lt. Col. Graham Whitmore
Northern Resilience Team (DCLG) David Facey
Highways Agency (HA) Andrew Charnick
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OFFICIAL
Service Delivery Cultural Awareness Guide Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Service Delivery 9
Purpose To update Members on the launch of a new Cultural Awareness Guide
Recommendations That Members note the report
Summary Staff from Fire Safety and Corporate Diversity have worked together to design and develop a Cultural Awareness Guide that provides information about a wide range of races, faiths and communities that make up the people of West Yorkshire. This Guide is to be provided to all staff who interface with the community to assist them in understanding the broad and rich diversity present.
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: Ian Bitcon, Area Manager Fire Safety T: 01274 655720 E: [email protected]
Background papers open to inspection: None
Annexes: Annex 1, Cultural Awareness Guide
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1 Introduction
1.1 Fire Safety has, in conjunction with Corporate Diversity, produced a new Cultural Awareness Guide aimed primarily at crews and fire safety employees.
1.2 The first of its kind to be produced by West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service (WYFRS), the Guide provides an overview of the key issues employees should consider when working with members of our diverse communities: particularly those who are most vulnerable or at risk because of their lifestyles, behaviours or the way their protected characteristics influence their day-to-day lives. 2 Information
2.1 West Yorkshire is a geographically, historically, socio-economically, culturally and ethnically diverse county.
2.2 Under the Public Sector Equality Duty, the Authority must consider how the protected characteristics of vulnerable individuals or groups from the diverse communities of West Yorkshire affect the risk of them being injured or dying in fires or other emergencies. As a result, the Authority tailors its services to meet the needs of vulnerable/at risk individuals and groups and make them safer.
2.3 The Authority must ensure that its employees, particularly those working with community members or partner agencies, understand how cultural practice and protected characteristics, such as race, sexual orientation, religion or belief, influence the lifestyle, behaviours and day-to-day lives of community members.
2.4 Information on these issues has been provided in the past, but on a much smaller scale. The WYFRS Cultural Awareness Guide therefore represents a major step forward. The new Guide highlights the key issues associated with 9 major religions or beliefs, and 16 significant communities in West Yorkshire. Based on an original Guide created by Asian Fire Service Association (AFSA) and Essex County FRS, it has been reviewed and amended extensively to focus on the most significant faith groups and communities within West Yorkshire.
2.5 Using the Guide will help employees design and deliver better quality services, in culturally appropriate and acceptable ways. It will help them to be confident in engaging in effective, respectful two-way communication with community members. It will also encourage employees to build strong, positive relationships with both community members and the partner organisations which support them.
2.6 Although designed primarily for use by front-line employees, it is also useful tool for all employees to use to provide effective customer service to each other, and members of the public, and for line managers/supervisors to use within a diverse workforce.
2.7 The Guide is not intended to be prescriptive or exhaustive, and will be kept under review by Fire Safety, in order to incorporate feedback from employees, community members and partners, and ensure it continues to focus on the major communities within West Yorkshire.
2.8 Printed copies of the Guide will be provided to all crews, Flexi Duty System (FDS) officers and Prevention and Protection employees. An electronic version will be published on the 24 July 2015 on the internal WYFirespace site and communicated to all employees. 3 Financial Implications
3.1 The Guide was written and designed in-house (with permission from the original authors) and the printing being met from existing budgets.
3.2 There are no direct financial implications that arise out of the publication of the Guide.
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4 Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 Production and use of the Guide will enable the Authority to meet the needs of service users with protected characteristics, and therefore demonstrate compliance with the Public Sector Equality Duty.
4.2 It is recommended that the Guide is reviewed at least annually, to incorporate feedback or amendments. This will ensure it remains relevant and accurate, and focuses on the key communities within West Yorkshire. 5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 There are no direct health and safety implications associated with this report, although a greater understanding of our communities will assist in integration with those communities and subsequently assist in maintaining firefighter safety. 6 Service Plan Links
6.1 Creation and use of the Guide supports the delivery of the following priority:
• Deliver a proactive community safety programme. • Deliver a professional and resilient emergency response service. • Provide a safe, skilled workforce that serves the needs of a diverse community 7 Recommendation
7.1 That Members note the content of the report and the associated guide.
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50 OFFICIAL
Contents
1 Foreword from ACO Service Delivery ...... 2 2 Introduction ...... 3 3 The diverse religions or beliefs of West Yorkshire citizens ...... 4 3.1 Buddhism ...... 4 3.2 Christianity ...... 6 3.3 Hinduism ...... 9 3.4 Humanism ...... 12 3.5 Islam ...... 14 3.6 Judaism...... 17 3.7 Paganism ...... 20 3.8 Rastafarianism ...... 23 3.9 Sikhism ...... 26 4 About West Yorkshire diverse communities ...... 29 4.1 African Caribbean Community ...... 29 4.2 Bangladeshi Community ...... 31 4.3 Chinese Community ...... 34 4.4 Kosovan Community ...... 36 4.5 Bosnian Community ...... 38 4.6 Indian Community ...... 40 4.7 Pakistani Community...... 42 4.8 Iranian Community ...... 44 4.9 Kurdish Community ...... 46 4.10 Nigerian Community ...... 48 4.11 Polish Community ...... 50 4.12 Somali Community ...... 52 4.13 Romany Gypsy Community ...... 54 4.14 Vietnamese Community ...... 57 4.15 Portuguese Community ...... 60 4.16 LGBT Community ...... 62 5 Community Media ...... 63 6 Useful community contacts ...... 65 7 References ...... 67 8 Acknowledgements...... 68
Issue Date: 09/04/15 WYFRS Cultural Awareness Guide 2015 Page 1 of 68 Final (Final) OFFICIAL 51 OFFICIAL 1 Foreword from ACO Service Delivery
As a public authority subject to legal equality duties, and with equality and diversity being integral to our core values, WYFRS is committed to serving all the people of West Yorkshire with the aim of making them safer in their own home and in their communities.
Our resources are directed particularly towards the most vulnerable members of our diverse communities. Those who are most at risk because of their lifestyles, behaviours or the way their protected characteristics, such as race, or religion or belief, influence their day-to-day life.
The challenge for fire and rescue service professionals is to ensure that there is effective, respectful two-way communication with community members, and that services are delivered in culturally appropriate and acceptable ways. This may mean using empathy or cultural knowledge to work out and understand why people behave the way they do.
This Guide is a valuable tool. Using it will improve employees’ understanding of how individuals and communities live and the risks which they may face. It will help improve the way we communicate with them, provide fire safety advice and build strong, positive relationships with both them and the partner organisations which support them.
It will help employees be more confident and ask the right questions about other cultures in a sensitive and empathetic way.
This Guide has been developed in direct response to feedback from employees, and in partnership with staff and the local communities whom we serve.
I hope you find it useful. Any feedback or suggestions for improvements can be sent to Corporate Diversity at [email protected]
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2 Introduction
West Yorkshire is geographically, historically, socio-economically, culturally and ethnically diverse.
We serve 2.22 million peoplei who make up a rich, multicultural range of communities across the County. According to the Office of National Statistics (ONS), just over 21% of West Yorkshire’s citizens are from ethnic minority groups – equivalent to almost 481,000 peopleii. West Yorkshire’s communities follow a wide range of religions and beliefs - including people who do not have a religion. Just over 2/3 of residents follow a religion or belief, including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism and Sikhismiii.
WYFRS must aim to understand the relationship between the 'protected characteristics'iv of at risk individuals, and other factors - such as culture, deprivation, lifestyle and personal behaviours.
This is key to effectively identifying the needs and overcoming the barriers experienced by the most at risk individuals or groups within West Yorkshire's communities. An equal society recognises people’s different needs, situations and goals, and removes the barriers that limit what people can do and be.”v About this Guide
When producing Guide such as this, there is a risk that it can reinforce negative stereotypes and prejudices. It provides an overview of different religions or beliefs, and communities. It is not intended to be prescriptive or exhaustive.
The characteristics described here do not apply to everyone from a particular ethnic, religious or cultural group. It is up to individual people to choose how they wish to identify themselves; they do not have to adhere to a certain set of characteristics to be part of a certain group.
Employees must use their own professional judgment about how to best use this information when working with individuals.
Two Key Messages!
1. Do not to make assumptions or generalise. 2. When in doubt, ask! People won’t expect you to know everything about their attitudes and customs. It’s better to ask than to get it wrong.
3 53 OFFICIAL 3 The diverse religions or beliefs of West Yorkshire citizens 3.1 Buddhism
1. Who is a Buddhist?
A Buddhist strives for a deep insight into the true nature of life and does not worship gods or deities. Buddhism is a tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development.
2. UK and Buddhism
There are approximately 150,000 active Buddhists in the UK. Likely languages spoken include English, Cantonese, Hakka, Japanese, Thai, Tibetan, Sinhalese.
3. Beliefs
In Buddhism, the purpose of life is to end suffering. The Buddha taught that humans suffer because they continually strive after things that do not give lasting happiness.
A Buddha is not a god, but rather one who, through complete wisdom and compassion, has attained full enlightenment and is thus beyond the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. A Buddha exemplifies the highest form of morality and is the supreme teacher, showing people the way to relieve suffering.
4. Places of worship
Buddhist temples are designed to symbolise the five elements: fire, air, earth, water and wisdom.
Some Buddhists as an expression of reverence only enter shrines through a side door. The central opening is formally reserved for the master and monastic. Therefore some temples may have been constructed with triple-opening entrances to various halls.
5. Prayers
Key Buddhist scriptures include the Sutras (teachings of Sakyamuni Buddha), the Vinaya (rules for monastic life), and the Abhidharma (Buddhist philosophy and psychology).
Meditation is seen as way of promoting calm and often lasts for 10 minutes. Chanting is viewed as an opportunity to learn, reinforce, and reflect upon various Buddhist teachings, and to show respect to various Buddha’s and Bodhisattvas and the virtues they embody. Also bowing and prostration are a humble way to express respect and appreciation for the Buddha.
It is common for Buddhists to use prayer beads as a guide when reciting Buddha’s name. The cord stringing all the beads together can be said to represent the strength of the Buddha’s teachings.
6. Religious festivals
Nirvana Day - The celebration of Buddha's death when he reached total Nirvana, at the age of 80 (8th/15th Feb)
Magha Puja - Marks the day Buddha addressed a meeting of 1250 arahants (Feb/March)
Theravada New Year - New Year festival for Theravada Buddhists, celebrated for three days (from the first full moon day in April)
4 54 OFFICIAL
Vesak/Buddha Day - Celebrates the Buddha's birthday, and, for some Buddhists, also marks his enlightenment and death (May)
Asala/Dharma Day - Marks Buddha's first sermon, “The Wheel of Truth", after his enlightenment (July)
Bodhi Day - Some Buddhists celebrate Gautama's attainment of enlightenment under the Bodhi tree at Bodhgaya, India (8th Dec)
7. Greeting
It is customary for Buddhists to greet people with palms pressed together at chest level and reciting the phrase “omitofo,” which is the Chinese pronunciation for Amitabha Buddha’s name.
8. Dress
No special dress codes for lay Buddhists though when visiting their local temple or centre Buddhists may dress in simple white clothes for the day.
9. Diet
While the traditional Buddhist scriptures do not mandate vegetarianism, you may find that many Buddhists are vegetarian. Vegetarianism is seen in connection with the concept of rebirth, in terms of humans may be other forms of life in their past and/or future lives, thus it follows that an animal could be a past and/or future next-of-kin. Therefore killing an animal could be seen as synonymous with destroying one’s own relatives.
10. When entering a home
It is customary for Buddhists to have a room dedicated in their homes which is viewed as a shrine. This room often consists of candles, and an incense burner. In addition a statue of Buddha, prostrating to an image is seen as the same as bowing to a Buddha.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
Candles and burning incense are commonly used. Triple-opening and separate entrances for different people may impact on evacuation and fire exit practice. In an emergency all exits and entrances may be used by FRS employees.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
It is generally viewed that members of the opposite sex can provide comfort and medical assistance.
Buddhist meditation is not hypnosis nor will this induce a trance, so this should not impact upon assistance offered.
Prayer beads are often used when reciting Buddha’s name so take care not to step on them. If found during a fire, take care of them and hand them to the occupants.
13. Dealing with incidence of Death
Many Buddhists believe that the soul does not leave the body immediately. Therefore it is crucial that the deceased is treated like a living person and moved with respect.
It is customary for Buddhists and family members to chant sacred texts at the time of death.
5 55 OFFICIAL 3.2 Christianity
1. Who is a Christian?
Christianity has a wide variety of forms, beliefs, and practices, but all centres around faith in Jesus Christ and the teachings of the Bible.
2. UK and Christianity
There are around 42 million Britons who see themselves as nominally Christian, and there are approximately 6 million who are actively practising. The majority of Christians in the UK are Anglican (known as Church of England), though there are many other Protestant churches, and Roman Catholics.
Likely languages spoken include English and many other languages. Please note that for some Christian immigrant communities from Europe, Africa and South Asia, English may be a second language.
3. Beliefs
Christians believe in one God, shown in three forms: as God the Father, Jesus, his Son, sent to earth in human form, and the Holy Spirit, the essence of God working in the world today.
The essence of Jesus’ teaching was to love God, and to love one’s neighbour. The traditional belief is that we will all be judged after our death, according to how we lived our life, and sent for ever either to heaven or to hell, but that all the dead will be resurrected at the second coming of Jesus. Catholics also believe in purgatory, where people will be punished for their sins but eventually allowed to re-join God in heaven.
4. Places of worship
Anglican, Roman Catholic and Orthodox people worship in churches and cathedrals (the main church for an area). Other Protestant groups may have churches or chapels. Quakers however call their place of worship the Meeting-House.
5. Prayers
Christian rituals and religious practices differ between denomination, individual church and individual Christian, but some practices are common to virtually all forms of Christianity.
Most practising Christians attend worship services at church on Sundays, which generally include singing, prayer and a sermon. At home, most practicing Christians pray regularly and many read the Bible. Catholics also undertake practices such as praying, the rosary, and going on pilgrimages.
6. Religious festivals
Advent - Marks the beginning of the church year and the approach of Christmas (Begins Four Sundays before Christmas)
Christmas - The celebration of the birth of Jesus (25th Dec)
Ash Wednesday - The first day of Lent, a period of fasting that leads up to Easter (40 Days before Easter)
Palm Sunday - Commemorates the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem (Observed the Sunday prior to Easter Sunday)
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Good Friday - Marks the crucifixion of Jesus (Friday before Easter)
Easter Sunday - Resurrection of Jesus Christ (March/April)
Sunday - The day of the week devoted to rest and worship is Sunday, or the "Lord's Day."
7. Greeting
There is no formal common greeting for Christians around the world and it will depend on local customs and etiquettes.
8. Dress
No distinctive dressing is associated with Christians though some women may cover their heads when in church. Type of dress code is likely to be influenced by cultural or national origin therefore Christians from the Indian Sub-Continent may choose to wear a garment such as shalwar kameez or sari that reflects their cultural background or national origin.
9. Diet
Generally all foods are permissible though some may follow Jewish and Muslim custom and avoid pork. Christian dietary habits tend to be culturally rather than religiously determined. Some Christians avoid alcohol, but at the same time some will drink wine (in moderation) as this plays a symbolic role in Holy Communion for some Christians.
10. When entering a home
The most common symbol of Christianity is the cross, representing the cross on which Jesus Christ died.
Many Catholics and Orthodox people have a crucifix: the image of Jesus on the cross. Catholics may also have a statue of the Virgin Mary, Jesus’ mother.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
Candles at Easter and Christmas, Fairy lights, Christmas trees and decorations at Christmas time.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
Some Christians may decline conventional medical treatments and some may have special procedures for blood transfusions (Jehovah Witnesses).
Generally most Christians would not object to being treated by members of the opposite sex.
Take care if you find any religious artefacts, jewellery, or holy books such as the Bible. If found keep clean and hand them to the occupants.
13. Dealing with incidence of Death.
Some Christians will appreciate quiet contemplation and others will value prayers and reading of scriptures.
A priest or minister may be called to say prayers for someone who is dying. Catholics and Orthodox people may want to confess to a priest before they die.
7 57 OFFICIAL Funeral services may be held in churches and chapels. People may then be buried or in some cases cremated. Many Catholics oppose cremation, because of the belief in resurrection of the body and soul at the second coming of Jesus.
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3.3 Hinduism
1. Who is a Hindu?
Hinduism developed in India. Hinduism has developed over five thousand years, under the influence of different cultures and civilizations. It is a way of life as much as a set of beliefs.
2. UK and Hinduism
There are around 1.5 Million Hindus living in the UK. Likely languages spoken include English, Bengali, Guajarati, Hindi, Punjabi, and Tamil.
3. Beliefs
Most Hindus believe in a Supreme God, whose qualities and forms are represented by the multitude of deities which emanate from him. Hindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, governed by Karma.
The oldest sacred texts of Hinduism are called the Vedas. They are broken down as the Rig- Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda, and Atharva-Veda. There are other texts that are considered just as important to the Hindu faith, such as the Upanishads, the Puranas, the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad-Gita.
4. Places of worship
Some people also visit the temple (Mandir) to worship. Certain rules should be observed when entering a temple.
Everyone should remove their shoes before entering, and women should cover their heads.
5. Prayers
Hindu worship (Puja) is usually individual rather than communal. Many homes have a family shrine with statues or pictures of the gods worshipped by the family. The part of a home reserved for worship should not be entered without an invitation.
Hindus pray at least once a day and must purify themselves by showering or washing before prayer.
6. Religious festivals
Mahashivaratri – Night sacred to Shiva (Feb/March),
Holi – Festival of colours and Spring (Feb/March)
Rama Navami – Birthday of Lord Rama (April)
Raksha bandhan – Renewal of bonds between brothers and sisters (July/Aug)
Dussera – Victory of Rama over demon king Ravana (Sept/Oct),
Diwali – Festival of lights and Laksmi (Oct/Nov)
8. Greeting
The Hindu greeting is ‘Namaste’, pronounced Namastay, with the accent on the second syllable (I greet you respectfully).
This is normally said on meeting or leaving, with the hands held together in front of the chin.
9 59 OFFICIAL 9. Dress
Both traditional and western style clothing is worn by Hindus in the UK
In the UK the wearing of saris of brightly coloured silk amongst older women is common. Younger women may wear a shalwar kameez - a tunic and pyjama trousers. This is worn with a dupatta (scarf) which can be used to cover the head. Men usually wear western style trousers and shirt.
10. Diet
Hindus regard the cow as a sacred animal (the cow is revered as Mother Nature as it provides food in the form of milk, butter, and cheese, and also works the land) and therefore Hindus do not slaughter cows or eat their meat.
Most Hindus are likely to be vegetarian, and for them eggs, being a source of life, are also prohibited. For devout Hindus alcohol and smoking is also not permitted.
11. When entering a home
Visitors should remove their shoes (in non- emergency situations) and should not enter the part of the home reserved for prayer unless invited.
The syllable Om, which is central to Hindu prayers, is also used as a written symbol; it appears on documents, on pendants, in family shrines and temples.
12. Potential Fire Hazards
During festivals, candles and fireworks are commonly used, and typically there is a lot of cooking that is undertaken involving the use of oil and cooking pans.
Large numbers of worshippers at religious venues, possible overcrowding, and cars obstructing access to roads in and around places of worship is also possible.
You may also find under representation of smoke alarms in Hindu homes.
13. Providing Emergency Assistance
Some Hindus would prefer to be comforted and treated by someone from the same sex.
Some boys wear a ‘Sacred Thread’ (Yagno Pavit) over the right shoulder and around their body. If possible close family should be consulted before removal. If the Thread has to be cut or removed it should be retained and given to the person later.
14. Dealing with incidence of Death
Do not remove jewellery, sacred threads and other religious objects.
Cover the deceased with a plain sheet without any religious markings.
Avoid washing the deceased since this is part of the funeral rites carried out by relatives.
Post-mortem examinations are not prohibited by Hindu belief and the idea may be distasteful to many Hindus.
All adult Hindus must be cremated, not buried; but infants and young children may be buried, and it is usual for this to be done as soon as possible, preferably the same day.
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There has been some demand in the UK for a full open air ceremony to be conducted on cremation of the deceased according to ancient Hindu rites. These rites stipulate that the deceased is cremated by means of a wood-fuelled fire in an open air facility exposed to daylight. At present such practice is illegal in the UK.
11 61 OFFICIAL 3.4 Humanism
1. Who is a Humanist?
A Humanist is someone who emphasises that they can make sense of the world using reason, experience and shared human values without religious or superstitious beliefs.
2. UK and Humanism
The MORI poll in 2009 for the British Humanist Association showed that over a third of the UK population (17 million people) agree with the Humanist way.
3. Beliefs
Humanism is a naturalistic view, encompassing both atheism and agnosticism and a direct response to established religions.
The core of Humanism is that it is a way of being that brings out the best in people. Human Rights law is fundamental to Humanist beliefs.
Humanism is an approach to life based on humanity and reason and not based on supernatural beings or sacred texts. Science is seen as the key source of knowledge about the universe. Afterlife and reincarnation are not recognised with emphasis on this life. Ethical and moral lifestyles can be practiced without reference to religious beliefs and moral codes can be gained from reference to the lessons of history, personal experience and thought.
Humanists also stress individual rights and freedoms, but believe that individual responsibility, social cooperation and mutual respect are just as important.
They gain insights and encouragement from art, culture, and the rich natural world.
4. Places of worship
The term worship is not applicable to Humanism. Humanists meet regularly in all main centres of population to talk, learn and share ideas, to debate, discuss and campaign on social and moral issues, and to socialise and celebrate life and significant events
5. Prayers
Humanists conduct non-religious ceremonies to observe life rites (e.g. birth, coming of age, marriage, death) and other occasions. These events have no religious content in the ceremonies, any hymns or prayers. Prayers and hymns at most formal gatherings are replaced with poetry and readings, and for instance, classical music.
6. Religious festivals
Humanists celebrate rites of passage; they may observe commonly taken holidays and may incline towards nature-based celebrations. Many Humanists now celebrate Darwin Day on 12th February.
7. Greeting
Humanists send goodwill to all people, stressing greater happiness and mutual understanding to all.
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8. Dress
No particular requirements
9. Diet
There are no special dietary requirements as this is down to individual choice.
10. When entering a home
No particular requirements
11. Potential Fire Hazards
No identified hazards. This will depend on cultural and economic conditions that the person lives in.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
No particular requirements
13. Dealing with incidence of Death
Humanists prefer to have family and friends with them. They may object to prayers being said or religious reassurance given based on belief in God or afterlife.
13 63 OFFICIAL 3.5 Islam
1. Who is a Muslim?
A Muslim is someone who believes that "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his Prophet." The word ‘Muslim’ means “one who submits to Allah.”
2. UK and Islam
The Muslim population in Britain is estimated to be around 2.4 million. Likely languages spoken include English, Arabic, Bengali, Dari, Farsi, Guajarati, Kurdish, Punjabi, Pashtu, Turkish, Urdu and many others
3. Beliefs
There are five pillars of Islamic faith, i.e. i) believe in that there is only one God, who is worthy of worship and Mohammad is God’s last messenger, ii) five times regular daily prayer, iii) fasting in the month of Ramadan, iv) every year paying specific charity called Zakaat (2.5% of their annual savings) and, v) pilgrimage to Makkah (Hajj) once in a life time.
4. Places of worship
Muslims can pray anywhere, but many find it especially good to pray with others in a mosque. Praying together in a congregation helps Muslims to realise that all humanity is one, and that we are all equal in the sight of Allah.
Anyone entering a mosque for a non-emergency reason must remove their shoes and cover their heads.
Most communities in the UK have their own local mosque, where religious services and classes are held these can range from grand buildings to a small hall or a room in a house.
You will always find Mosques and other buildings decorated with beautiful calligraphy and geometric patterns, usually verses of the Qur’an and the Prophet.
5. Prayers
Salat is the obligatory Muslim prayers, performed five times each day by Muslims.
Prayers must be said with the head facing Makkah (south east) and the forehead must touch the ground. Hygiene is very important and Muslims must wash before praying. They can pray anywhere providing the place used is clean: a prayer mat is often used for this purpose.
There are specified times for prayer but Muslims in this country may try to fit their worship into convenient times of the day. Friday is the holy day for Muslims when men usually go to the mosque for a special service.
The Qur’an is the Muslim's holy book. It is the word of Allah (God) as told to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). Before one touches the book one must perform ritual washing to ensure cleanliness.
6. Religious festivals
Ramadan - Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, during which all adult Muslims are expected to observe fast from dawn to dusk and keep away from all bad actions. (June/July/August)
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Eid-ul-Fitr - Every Muslim celebrates Eid-ul-Fitr at the end of the month of Ramadan to mark a successful completion of the period of fasting.
Eid-ul-Adha - celebrates the saving of the Prophet Ishmael by God when his father Abraham offered him as a sacrifice. (Oct/Nov)
7. Greeting
The Muslim greeting is Assalaam-o-Alaikum (peace upon you), to which the reply is Wa- Alaikum-us-Assalaam (peace be upon you also).
8. Dress
Dress code varies with men and women, western clothes, and sometimes clothes that reflect their ethnic and cultural background. Some women may cover their head and or the face, and also may wear a long robe. All are expected to dress modestly. Men may wear a scull-cap and some may also have a beard.
9. Diet
Islam prohibits Muslims from consuming alcohol. This includes alcoholic beverages such as wine and liquor, as well as any food items that contain alcohol.
Pork or any pork products, such as lard, ham and pepperoni are forbidden. This includes consuming any food that contains these items in any concentration or amount.
With regard to blood, raw meat must be soaked in water to drain out the blood before cooking. Muslims are permitted to eat only well-done cooked meat where no trace of blood can be found after cooking.
All vegetarian foods are acceptable.
10. When entering a home
It is generally expected that visitors should take off their shoes when entering the house. In an emergency it is courteous to explain why you haven’t time to do this (only, if you have time).
A Muslim woman alone at home may be reluctant to answer the door to a male caller in situations that are not an emergency. A formal style of conversation is seen as respectful. Visitors should address the father of the family first and then speak to whoever leads the conversation. As a sign of respect it is best to avoid eye contact while speaking when men are talking to women.
Prayer rugs may be found in rooms that are used by Muslim people to provide for themselves a clean space to pray. It is advisable not to stand on these rugs.
Scrolls giving the sayings of Muhammad (Pbuh) are often to be found decorating the wall of houses. They are kept very high as a sign of respect. Calligraphy is the supreme art form for Muslims, particularly of the verses of the Qur’an.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
During Ramadan and Eid Festivals candles and fireworks are commonly used and usually there is a lot of cooking undertaken involving the use of oil and cooking pans.
15 65 OFFICIAL Large numbers of worshippers at religious venues, possible overcrowding, and cars obstructing access to roads in and around places of worship is possible.
Bright lights are used at the time of celebration such as weddings and these can be the cause of electrical fires.
You may also find under-representation of smoke alarms in Muslim homes.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
If there is a fire in a mosque or in the home where religious books are present, staff should handle religious books with sensitivity and respect.
Both men and women prefer to be assisted by members of the same sex though recognition that the value of saving life always takes priority.
When a Muslim is near death those around her or him are called upon to give comfort and reminders of God's mercy and forgiveness. They may recite verses from the Qur'an, give physical comfort, and encourage the dying one to recite words of remembrance and prayer.
A Muslim in a life threatening situation may want to hear or say ‘There is no God but Allah and Mohamed is his prophet’. This can be said in English.
Take care of items you find at operational incidents such as religious artefacts, jewellery, and holy books (Qur’an). If such items are found, keep them clean and hand them to the occupants.
13. Dealing with incidence of Death
Upon death those with the deceased are encouraged to remain calm, pray for the departed and begin preparations for burial.
The eyes of the deceased are closed and they are covered temporarily with a clean sheet. It is forbidden for those in mourning to excessively wail, scream, or thrash about.
In preparation for burial the family or other members of the community will wash and shroud the deceased. Muslims strive to bury the deceased as soon as possible after death, avoiding the need for embalming or otherwise disturbing the deceased. An autopsy may be performed if necessary but should be done with the utmost respect for the dead.
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3.6 Judaism
1. Who is a Jew?
The definition of a Jew varies but generally, being Jewish is largely based around acknowledging Abraham as the father of the Jewish people, and trusting and obeying God.
2. UK and Judaism
The number of Jewish people in the UK is around 280,000. Likely languages spoken include English, Hebrew and Yiddish. Most Jews in the UK are second and third generation or have been here established for a very long time in the economy and the culture of the UK community.
3. Beliefs
Jews believe that there is a single God who not only created the universe, but with whom every Jew can have an individual and personal relationship. The Hebrew word for this one true God is JHWH, or Yahweh. Jews believe that God appointed the Jews to be his chosen people in order to set an example of holiness and ethical behaviour to the world.
4. Places of worship
While solitary prayer is valid, attending the synagogue to pray with a minyan (quorum of 10 adult males) is considered ideal. Men and women usually sit separately in the Synagogue. Men and women are required to cover their heads. In most cases worship takes place in Hebrew.
5. Prayers
The most holy Jewish books are the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible). Others include Judaism's oral tradition, the written form of which is known as the Talmud.
Jews are supposed to pray three times a day to build their faith and relationship with God. Study and public prayer takes place in a synagogue
6. Religious festivals
Shabbat/Sabbath - Day of rest, worship and fasting, from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday, requiring strict observance for Orthodox Jews
Purim - Celebrating the Saving of the Persian Jews, as told in the biblical book of Esther (Feb/March)
Passover/Pesach - Week long memorial retelling the Israelites’ release from Egypt (March/April)
Shavuot - Harvest festival celebrating the gift of the Torah to Moses (May/June)
Rosh Hashanah - The beginning of the Jewish New Year (Sept)
Yom Kippur - The Day of Atonement, the last 10 days of penitence, this marks the opening of the New Year (Sept/Oct)
Sukkot - A harvest festival giving thanks for the safe 40 year journey from Egypt to Israel (Sept/Oct)
17 67 OFFICIAL Hanukkah - An eight day festival which commemorates the re-dedication of the temple in Jerusalem after expelling the occupying Syrians in 164 BCE (December)
7. Greeting
It is customary to say Shalom (shah-lohm) which literally means peace as a way of saying "hello" or "goodbye”.
8. Dress
Most Jewish people wear Western dress. Orthodox Jewish men wear a skull-cap (Yarmulka) at all times. Some men wear black clothes and have side locks and beards.
Women are expected to dress modestly and for very Orthodox women this means covering the whole body except for the hands and face, so they will wear stockings and long sleeves. Married women wear head covering, scarves or hats. In accordance with the Jewish faith only their husband should see their natural hair. Some women wear a wig but they do not shave their heads as it is commonly thought.
9. Diet
Kosher foods are those that conform to Jewish law. This means dairy and meat products cannot be mixed, and neither pork, pork products, or shellfish can be eaten.
10. When entering a home
On the doorposts of some Jewish homes you will find a small case similar to a door stop placed upon the doorposts of the house. It is a ‘Mezuzah’ and is a constant reminder of God’s presence.
One of the oldest symbols of the Jewish faith is the Menorah, a seven-branched candelabrum.
The Magen David (Shield of David, or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
Candles to welcome Shabbat. Door Stops.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
Many Jews sway their body back and forth during prayer which be misunderstood by others.
For some Jewish men and women it is not permissible to be touched by a person who is not close family though the need to save life takes precedence.
A Jewish person involved in a life threatening situation may wish to recite the Shema “The Lord our God is one’.
Take care of items you find at operational incidents such as religious artefacts, jewellery and holy books such as the Bible. If such items are found, keep them clean and hand them to the occupants.
13. Dealing with incidence of Death.
It is usual for a companion to remain with the dying person until death. The dying person should not be touched or moved.
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It is common for some Jewish communities to have a special group of volunteers, the "holy society" (chevra kaddisha) whose job is to care for the dead. They are responsible for washing the deceased and preparing for burial in accordance with Jewish custom.
19 69 OFFICIAL 3.7 Paganism
1. Who is a Pagan?
Paganism is an umbrella term covering people who follow nature-based religions, which often have their roots in ancient beliefs. There are many traditions within Paganism, such as those based on Norse, Celtic, Greek or Egyptian beliefs, and Wicca.
2. UK and Paganism
The 2001 census recorded around 40,000 people describing themselves as ‘Pagan’ or ‘Wiccan’, and Paganism is believed to be one of the fastest growing religions in the UK. In 2006, the Pagan Federation of Great Britain estimated that there were between 50,000- 200,000 Pagans in Britain. Most Pagans in the UK are indigenous, and so speak English.
3. Beliefs
There are a diverse range of beliefs in Paganism. There is no creed or book that all Pagans must believe in. However, there are certain beliefs that most Pagans have: for example the central tenet: if it harms none, do what you will.
Pagans revere nature as divine. Some Pagans believe in many gods; some use gods and goddesses as symbols of the spirits of nature; others do not use any god-based symbolism.
The female is celebrated within Pagan religions – there are many priestesses, and both gods and goddesses are worshipped. Sexuality in all its (consensual) forms is also something celebrated. Pagans often believe in “magic”: i.e., that there is more to life than is materially visible, and that we have the power to affect things with our will. However, Pagans acting according to tradition will only use this power in ethical and positive ways.
Pagans do not worship or believe in the devil, contrary to popular belief. Some Pagan traditions worship a horned god, but this is completely unrelated to the Christian/ Muslim/ Jewish idea of Satan.
4. Places of Worship
Pagans tend to celebrate outside in places like woods, mountains and sacred spaces denoted by ancient stone circles. Pagans often worship in groups, and by creating a sacred space within a circle marked out by people, candles, and other symbolic objects. It is important not to break the circle once it has been created (by crossing it, for example).
It is important to Pagans not to disturb nature, so all signs of the worship will usually be removed when the ritual is complete.
5. Prayers
Chanting, music, dance and meditation are common. Prayers can be offered to the gods and goddesses.
Pagans may also worship or meditate alone at home, and may have a shrine.
6. Religious festivals
Different traditions will mark different festivals, usually related to seasonal events. Many Pagans follow the 8 festivals known as the ‘Wheel of the Year’, as described below. Many festivals are celebrated from the evening of the day before the festival, to sunrise.
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Samhain (known as Halloween to non-Pagans) – The festival of the dead, where the spirits of the ancestors and loved ones passed are remembered. Also the Pagan New Year (Oct 31st)
Yule/ Winter Solstice – The shortest day of the year, using lights and fire to banish darkness and welcome back the spring (December 21st /22nd)
Imbolc – An early spring celebration, associated with artistic creativity, such as poetry and story-telling (February 2nd)
Spring Equinox/ Eostre – When the length of the day and night are equal. Celebrating the coming of spring (March 20th /21st)
Beltane (known as May Day to non-Pagans) – A celebration of fertility and the spring, especially associated with nature and agriculture (May 1st)
Summer Solstice/ Midsummer – The longest day of the year. A celebration of the sun, and the oncoming winter (20th or 21st June)
Lughnasadh/ Lammas – Celebrating the start of the harvest. (August 1st /2nd)
Autumn equinox/ Harvest home – When the length of the day and night are equal. Celebrating the end of both the harvest and the year as marked by the agricultural cycle. A time of reflection. (September 22nd /23rd)
7. Greeting
Since Pagans in the UK are usually indigenous, greetings are usually common British greetings. Pagans also can used their own formulas to greet (and part with) each other, such as ‘Merry meet’ and ‘Blessed be’.
8. Dress
Pagans will usually dress according to their cultural background, like other British people. Jewellery is likely to be important – symbols such as the pentagram or pentacle (5-pointed star within a circle) can bear special significance.
Some Pagans, such as Druids, dress in clothes relating to the ancient traditions, especially during worship. This can include robes and cloaks.
Pagans sometimes use a special knife, known as an athame, during worship – but never as a weapon to harm anything living.
9. Diet
There are no rules about diet for all Pagans. However, because of the nature-revering aspects of Paganism, Pagans are more likely to be strict vegetarians or vegans, or at least to want to eat organic and/ or free-range foods.
10. When entering a home
It may be necessary to remove shoes, since Pagans can pray on the floor. Avoid disturbing any shrines or prayer spaces.
11. Potential fire hazards
Candles and incense are commonly used.
21 71 OFFICIAL 12. Providing emergency assistance
Avoid removing jewellery, unless necessary.
13. Dealing with an incidence of death
Avoid removing jewellery, unless necessary.
Many Pagans believe in ‘transmogrification’, which is similar to reincarnation, but does not impose a hierarchy in which the achievement of human form is judged as superior, or the pinnacle of being.
The emphasis in funerals is often on celebration, as well as consolation for loved ones. Pagans may be cremated or buried, sometimes with any religious items of significance.
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3.8 Rastafarianism
1. Who is a Rastafarian?
A Rastafarian is someone who is a follower of African centric theology, which centres on Haile Selassie being accepted as God, and does not have a specific concept related to creation. They do, however, follow a number of old Testament Laws.
2. UK and Rastafarianism
Around 5,000 Rastafarians are recorded to live in the UK. Most will speak English and dialects of Jamaican patois.
3. Beliefs
The Rastafarian movement takes the Bible as its sacred text but interprets it in an Afro-centric way in order to reverse what Rastafarians see as changes made to the text by white powers.
Spirituality is central to Rastafarianism with a particular emphasis on mysticism. Recognising the dignity of each individual, the assertion of self and the importance of humility and peace come through strongly in their beliefs and attitudes. The Old Testament is a major source of scripture, although the notion of original sin is rejected.
The movement took as its spiritual head Haile Selassie I, former Emperor of Ethiopia, who was lauded for being a black leader in the heart of Africa.
To Rastafarians, Haile Selassie became Jah, or God incarnate, who would one day lead the people of African origin to a promised land.
Although Haile Salassie died in 1975, his death is not accepted by Rastafarians, who believe he will one day return.
4. Places of worship
Some communities, in London, Birmingham, Manchester and parts of Yorkshire, have permanent meeting places, and Rastafarians from across the country gather at these places for festivals.
Some may also attend Ethiopian Orthodox churches in this country.
5. Prayers
Rastafarians may pray individually or together depending on the group they belong to locally. People gather for prayer and celebration of the major festivals and some groups will arrange their own services between festivals.
6. Religious festivals
Ethiopian Orthodox Christmas – Christmas is celebrated on this date as Rastafarians view Ethiopia as the God-Given home-land (7th January)
Anniversary of the Battle of Adawa – (16th March)
African Liberation Day – (25th May)
Birth of Haile Selassie – Celebration of the Ethiopian Emperor’s birth in 1891 (23rd July)
23 73 OFFICIAL Birth of Marcus Garvey – Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican politician who predicted the crowning of a king in Africa, and was the head of the ‘Back to Africa’ movement, encouraging all people of African descent to return to the country of their ancestors (17th August)
Ethiopian New Year – (11th September)
Coronation Day – Celebration of the anniversary of Haile Selassie’s 1930 coronation as the Emperor of Ethiopia (2nd November)
7. Greeting
It is usual to say ‘Greetings’, rather than Hello or Good morning.
8. Dress
Modesty in dress is important. Clothes influenced by traditional African fabrics and designs are often worn. Some Rastafarians dress in a robe and turban and women may wish to keep themselves covered at all times.
The cutting of hair is forbidden and one of the Rastafarian symbols includes dreadlocks. Although not worn by all Rastafarians, the movement believes the hairstyle is supported in the Bible.
Some Rastafarians, both male and female, keep their heads covered: hairnets or scarves for women; knitted woollen hats for men.
9. Diet
Rastafarians use as little animal flesh as possible. They avoid eating pork, shellfish, scaleless fish or snails, etc.
Dairy products, white flour, sweets, sugar-based beverages and anything containing salt is generally avoided. Preserved foods, such as those in tins and foods containing additives are also avoided. The most orthodox Rastafarians are vegans. Alcohol is rarely taken.
Rastafarians believe smoking marijuana (ganja) is sanctioned by the Bible as it is claimed it cleans the body and mind and brings the soul closer to God.
10. When entering a home
There are no particular rules to observe. The colours red, gold, green, and black have special significance. Red symbolises the blood of the race shed in the past, gold symbolises sunshine, green the promise of a new life in Africa, while black symbolises pride in the black skin. The name of the ancient city of Babylon has been adopted by Rastafarians to embody the whole concept of white domination and conditioning, which presents Blacks as inferior.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
Candles during religious services.
Tobacco and Marijuana use can lead to fire if smoking materials are not disposed of safely.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
In emergency situations many Rastafarians may not agree to have their hair cut or shaved. Where this is necessary, it should only be done as a last resort and kept to the minimum required. You should inform the person being treated or a close friend or family member.
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13. Dealing with incidence of Death
At times of death drumming, singing and scriptures are traditionally read.
Friends and relatives are likely pray for a gravely ill patient. Others may wish to avoid touching the deceased as to do so would require them to shave off their hair.
25 75 OFFICIAL 3.9 Sikhism
1. Who is a Sikh?
A Sikh is an individual who is a monotheistic, who believes that there is only one god, who is the same for all religions, and that everyone has the same direct access to god, and therefore, all are equal.
2. UK and Sikhism
It is estimated that around 750,000 Sikhs live in the UK.
Likely languages spoken include English, Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu, and for Sikhs who have emigrated from East Africa, Swahili.
3. Beliefs
Sikhs believe that there is only one God; he is the creator of life and death. They believe that god exists throughout our daily lives although he may not be visible; he is with us in spirit everywhere we go (‘Ik Om Kar’). Equality is a very important element within the Sikh religion, regardless of caste and class all humans are seen as equal.
Sikhs who are baptised and make a special commitment to Sikhism, go through an ‘Amrit’ ceremony. They are all required to wear the five Ks to represent this unity and spiritual being. The five Ks represent: 1. Kesh (hair) – uncut hair and beard as it is given to us by god. 2. Kangha (wooden comb) – to be worn in the hair at all times, as a symbol of cleanliness. 3 Katchera (shorts) – cotton underwear which symbolise purity. 4. Kara (steel bangle) – worn on the wrist to symbolise truth and freedom. 5. Kirpan (sword) – to defend the truth.
4. Places of worship
The Gurdwara is a Sikh meeting place. It serves as a place of worship, school, meeting room, communal kitchen (Langar hall) and if necessary a Gurdwara will provide a place to sleep for travellers.
The role of the Gurdwara is to disseminate and learn spiritual wisdom, undertake religious ceremonies, and it is a place where children learn the Sikh faith, ethics, customs, traditions, and texts.
In the Gurdwara it is extremely bad manners to put your feet out in front of you, in the direction of the holy book when sitting in the main worship hall. It is advisable to try to sit on your legs, point them in a different direction, or cross them.
5. Prayers
The Guru Granth Sahib is the Holy Book for Sikhs. The Holy book contains writings of the Sikh Gurus, Muslim Fakirs, and Hindu Saints. It also contains a collection of prayers (Shabads) written by the Gurus which are recited to music.
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There are no priests in Sikhism, because of the belief that everyone can be in touch with God. Sikh temples are known as 'Gurdwaras' and the most famous Gurdwara (also known as the Golden Temple) is at Amritsar.
There are both individual and community prayers. Individual prayers may be said anywhere. There are also services which are carried out every day of the week at the Gurdwara temple. Both individual and community prayers are recited morning and evening.
6. Religious festivals
The birthday of Guru Gobind Singh – The last of the Sikh Gurus, who declared that the text of the Guru Granth Sahib would be treated from there on as a living Guru, and that no Sikh would again assume that position (5th January)
Baisakhi/ Vaisakhi - Celebrates the decision by the Ten Gurus to transform the Sikhs into a family of soldier saints, known as the Khalsa Panth (14th April)
Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev – The fifth Guru who commissioned the construction of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, and was executed by the Moguls at Lahore in 1606 (16th June)
Bandi Chor (Diwali) - Commemorates the release from prison of the sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind (October/November)
The birthday of Guru Nanak – The first Guru and founder of the Sikh Religion (November)
Commemoration of the martyrdom of Guru Teg Bahadur – The ninth Guru, and considered by many as one of the strong warrior leaders for the Sikhs (24th November)
Remembrance of the first reading of Guru Granth Sahib – The holy text containing the teachings of the Ten Gurus, as well as teachings from other sacred texts such as the Bible and Qur’an (1st September)
Formal installation of Guru Granth as guidance for Sikhs - (20th October)
7. Greeting
The Sikh greeting is ‘Satshri akaal’, (God is the truth). It is usual to put the hands together at the chest level and bow the head slightly while saying this.
8. Dress
Most Sikh men and women in the UK wear Western or traditional clothes. Older Women usually wear the shalwar kameez (long tunic and trousers). Younger women generally only wear traditional dress for formal occasions. Men generally wear Western dress except for special occasions.
Initiated Sikhs wear the traditional five K symbols: The five Ks represent: 1. Kesh (hair) 2. Kangha (wooden comb) 3. Katchera (shorts) 4. Kara (steel bangle). 5. Kirpan (sword).
Other Sikhs may wear some of these symbols. Long hair is kept up in a knot at the top of the head and is covered by a turban, which has also become a religious symbol. Women may cover their head and wear a Turban or use a Dupatta (shawl).
9. Diet
Many Sikhs are vegetarian or vegan and do not eat eggs or fish. Those who do eat meat will generally avoid beef. The consumption of alcohol and tobacco is forbidden for baptized Sikhs.
27 77 OFFICIAL 10. When entering a home
Some Sikh families have a prayer room where the holy book is displayed.
There may be a room set aside for prayer. Before entering you should remove your shoes and have your head covered as a sign of respect.
A Sikh woman may feel more comfortable if she is spoken to in the presence of a member of her family.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
During festivals candles and fireworks are commonly used, and usually there is a lot of cooking undertaken involving the use of oil and cooking pans.
Large numbers of worshippers at religious venues, possible overcrowding, and cars obstructing access to roads in and around places of worship is possible.
You may also find under representation of smoke alarms in homes.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
Under the Motor Cycles (Protective Helmets) Regulations 1980 there is a specific exemption for Sikhs wearing turbans.
Sikhs who carry the Kirpan may as an alternative often only carry a very small knife, which could be described as ornamental rather than the original version, which, therefore, complies with their religion.
In general, cutting or removing any body hair should be avoided. If it is necessary to do so it is recommended that the hair is retained and given to a fellow family member or friend to dispose of.
Some Sikhs would prefer to be comforted by someone from the same sex.
13. Dealing with incidence of Death
Deliberate expressions of grief are discouraged.
When a death occurs, the deceased is first washed and dressed in clean clothes, complete with the Five K's (in case of initiated Sikhs). If the death occurs in a hospital, the deceased is taken home for the final view of the relatives and friends before cremation.
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4 About West Yorkshire diverse communities 4.1 African Caribbean Community
1. UK and African Caribbean Community
The population estimate is in the region of 600,000. This number does not include the number of people of mixed Afro-Caribbean and White origin which in England alones stands at 282,900.
Regions with substantial population include Greater London, Birmingham, Cardiff, West Midlands, Manchester, Bristol, Nottingham, Leicester and Sheffield. Communities are predominantly Christian and Evangelical, with Rastafarian , Muslim and Hindu minorities.
2. Naming System
As a result of the slave system and the influence of Christianity, most African-Caribbeans from the former British West Indies will probably follow the British naming pattern, i.e. British personal name or Christian name followed by a family name/last name. While in most cases the family name is passed from the husband to the children, in some cases the family name is inherited from the mother. This may reflect women’s family status which has tended to be stronger than in Europe.
3. Language
English and Creole languages.
4. Greetings
Older people prefer a more formal greeting such as ‘Good Morning’ or ‘Good Afternoon’.
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
Apart from religious festivals, the Independence Day of the country of origin is usually celebrated.
October – Black History Month
African-Caribbean communities organise and participate in Caribbean Carnivals (Caribbean style carnivals) throughout the UK. The best known of these is the annual Notting Hill Carnival.
6. Dress
Generally people wear Western dress, except for cultural events and parties.
7. Family Life
During the migration to Britain in the 1950’s/60’s many children were left with their grandparents while their parents sought employment overseas. When these children joined
29 79 OFFICIAL their parents in Britain, the absence and loss of the influence of the grandparent generation caused some problems for some families. Today the situation has improved as the grandparent generation has become more established. While the traditional roles may have changed and adapted over time, the family support system is still there.
8. Food and Drink
There are no particular common issues in relation to diet. Where West Indian communities reside you will often find the serving of traditional Caribbean dishes such as curried goat, fried dumplings, cake and salt fish (the national dish of Jamaica), roti (the national dish of Trinidad and Tobago), Cou-Cou and Flying Fish (the national dish of Barbados), Pudding and Souse, as well as another tasty delicacies known as Fish Cakes from Barbados. The spices known as "jerk" and the traditional Sunday West Indian meal of rice and pea are also common.
Pork is not acceptable for Rastafarians/Muslims and Seventh-day Adventists.
9. When entering a home
Personal privacy should be respected. Cleanliness is very important and great attention is paid to care of the skin and hair.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Candles, fireworks and decorations are commonly used to celebrate the festivals
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
See Christianity
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
People prefer to die at home with their family around them. Funerals tend to be big affairs. Families are usually prepared to contribute to the cost. Coffins are open for family and friends to view in the church.
See Christianity
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4.2 Bangladeshi Community
1. UK and Bangladeshi Community
It is estimated that half a million British nationals of Bangladeshi origin reside in the UK. The majority live in Greater London, with the largest concentration in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. There are also communities in Oldham, Birmingham and Bradford.
The majority of people are of the Islamic faith but there are also Hindu, Christian and Buddhist minorities.
2. Naming System
A Muslim man will often not be called by the first of his names, which may be a title, e.g. Mohammed, although religious names should not be used alone, they are sometimes used together with the personal name.
A personal name is the name by which a man should be known e.g. Ibrahim (Abraham).
Women have a personal name, which comes first, followed by a female title or by another personal name. (e.g., Begum, Bibi), which is similar to Mrs or Miss: e.g., Amina Begum. A woman would be addressed informally by her personal name or formally by her full name - but never as Mrs Begum or Mrs Bibi.
It is now more common among some second and third generation Bangladeshis settled in Britain to have a shared family name following a personal name, as in the British system and for wives to take the family name on marriage. Popular Bangladeshi family names include Uddin, Ullah, Miah, Ali, Hossain, Ahmed and Gani.
3. Language
Britain's Bangladeshis speak the Sylheti dialect of Bangla. Younger Bangladeshis may be more fluent in English than in Sylheti Bangla.
4. Greetings
Greetings usually take place between members of the same sex. The hand shake is common, although they may feel rather limp. Women will only really be met within business contexts therefore, it is best to wait to see if a hand is extended before doing so.
The usual greeting is Assalam-o-Alaikum (peace upon you) and ‘Apni kemon achen’, (How are you?). There are only a handful of Bangladeshis who follow the Hindu faith and thus use the term ‘Namaskar’ for greeting.
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
The vast majority of Bangladeshis are Muslim, but there are also Hindu, Christian and Buddhist minorities. Generally, Bangladeshis celebrate the Muslim festivals and, in addition, their own national days. Festivals include:
Ramadan (Muslim)
Shaheed Day or Martyrs’ Day: 21st February
Independence and National Day: 16th December
Bengali New Year (Pawhela Boishakh): 26th March
31 81 OFFICIAL Eid-e-Miladun-Nab
Bijoy Dibosh (Victory Day) 16th December.
Hindus celebrate Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Janmastami. The Buddhists celebrate Buddho Purnima and the Christians Christmas.
6. Dress
The traditional dress of a man involves a Lungi (cotton cloth wrapped around the waist and legs) and a vest, which is very comfortable in the hot climate. Pyjamas and Punjabi suits are also worn by the men.
Similarly dress for women is a Saree (traditionally made of fine cotton for everyday use and silk for special occasions) and Shalwar Kameez.
However, men and women of Bangladeshi origin tend to wear both traditional and Western clothes.
7. Family Life
Generally most households will have at least one or more members of the family that speak English. Family, religion and tradition dominate Bangladeshi life and culture. Community members revere religious, family and community elders - extended families live in close proximity. Islam dominates and informs the community’s lives, culture and thinking.
Families tend to be strict with their children; the community has high moral values and tends to be hard working and self-policing. Second generation members and UK members tend to be more ‘dual culture’, seeing themselves as ‘transitional’, revering their culture but enjoying interests outside of it like Western music and dress. Older groups lean more toward their traditional Bangladeshi culture, are less English speaking, more religious and dress traditionally.
8. Food and Drink
Muslim Bangladeshis only eat halal food, and do not drink alcohol. Hindu Bangladeshis do not eat beef. Rice, lentil and fish form a big part of the staple diet.
9. When entering a home
It is recommended that when visiting homes involving a non-emergency to arrange a visit on a Friday when husbands are likely to be returning from the mosque, to ensure a visit when the women are not alone; and visiting the homes at half term when the children would be at home and therefore able to translate for their parents.
It is generally expected that visitors take off their shoes when entering the house unless it is an emergency.
Men will shake hands using the right hand as a greeting, but in general, women will greet with a polite nod of the head. It is advisable to not to offer your hand for greeting a woman, wait to see how she greets first, and then return the greeting. When people of the same sex talk or discuss issues, they stand quite close to each other; while opposite sexes will keep a noticeable distance between them.
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10. Potential Fire Hazards
40% of Bangladeshi men smoke compared to 29% of the general population.
There have been some issues with cooking – especially chapattis – as many residents forget to close kitchen doors and open windows and are not happy to change their cooking habits.
Fire prevention campaigns aimed at the Bangladeshi community have focused on issues such as the safe use of cooking with large quantities of oil, ensuring that flowing traditional garments are not a fire hazard while cooking and encouraging women to tie their hair up whilst they are cooking.
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
During emergency situations whether the fire is in a mosque or at home any contact with religious books should be undertaken with sensitivity and respect.
Generally both men and women prefer to be assisted by members of the same sex though it is recognised that in emergencies this may not be possible.
In times of emergency, individuals may recite verses from the Qur'an fearing death.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
Bangladeshis mostly follow Islamic death customs.
The family has an important role in arranging the funeral. It is usual for the deceased to be buried rather than cremated.
Muslim Bangladeshis have a period of up to 40 days of mourning after bereavement, when the immediate family is supported and fed by friends and relatives.
Hindus have a 30 day mourning period.
See also Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism and Buddhism
33 83 OFFICIAL 4.3 Chinese Community
1. UK and Chinese Community
It is estimated 430,000 people of Chinese origin live in the UK. There are Chinese communities in many major cities including Leeds, London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield, Belfast and Aberdeen. There are three main forms of religion practised within the community; Buddhism Confucianism and Taoism. Chinese communities in Britain have tended to combine the three religions as a basis for their way of life.
2. Naming System
The last name, or family name, is traditionally written first. Last names often relate to a particular village or area where the family's ancestors originated from. After the last name there are usually two personal names. People from North China, however, have only one personal name. Women do not generally change their name on marriage (although, sometimes add the name of their husband), and children take their father’s last name.
Last name Personal Personal name name
Father Chan Kwok Onn
Mother Wong Piu Ling
Daughter Chan Jiang Li
Son Chan Ah Choi
Some Chinese people have adopted the British system and will have a forename followed by the family name: e.g. Kwok Chan. It also very common for people of Chinese origin living in the UK to take an English forename, followed by a family Chinese last name e.g. Michael Chang
3. Language
Yue Chinese (Cantonese) is the most widely spoken language within the community. In addition Mandarin Chinese and Hakka Chinese are also spoken.
4. Greetings
The usual greeting in Cantonese dialect is ‘Neyee Ho’ which means how you are. However, in Mandarin, it is ‘Nee How’.
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
The main celebration is the New Year festival (late January - early February). New Year's Day is the start of several days of public celebrations.
Other festivals are:
The Dragon Boat Festival (June)
The Mid-Autumn Festival (September)
Chung Yeng (October)
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6. Dress
Generally Chinese people wear Western dress, except for cultural events and parties.
7. Family Life
The institution of family remains the centre of Chinese society. Family bonds are seen as sacred and honour them accordingly. UK Chinese family values have undergone many changes. There are some aspects of the Chinese culture that are still the same. The traditional Chinese family has a hierarchical order with the man as the head of the family.
8. Food and Drink
The Chinese community in the UK is not homogenous, and dietary customs vary according to the country of origin. Muslim Chinese people do not eat pork. Chinese monks are generally vegetarian. Usually Chinese food is dominated by the extensive use of oil vinegar and garlic. Popular dishes include pasta, ravioli-dumplings, noodles, steamed stuffed buns, steamed bread and fried meat dumplings, Chili peppers and Rice.
9. When entering a home
Take your shoes off when entering a Chinese home or temple. It is advisable to greet the eldest person first whenever you visit someone’s house.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Chinese flying lanterns, also known as ‘wish lanterns’, have become increasingly popular worldwide as a means of celebrating special occasions – however, they carry a significant risk of fire or injury if not used wisely.
Similarly candles, fireworks and decorations are commonly used to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
Most Chinese young people are well aware of British culture and its system. However, for many older people and recent migrants there is a severe language problem, and they may look for help in communication.
13. Dealing with incidence of Death
Funeral and mourning customs vary very widely within the Chinese tradition, making it very difficult to generalise. Chinese funeral rites and burial customs are determined by the age of the deceased, the manner of his/her death, his/her status and position in society and his/her marital status.
It is important to Chinese people that they bury the deceased as soon as possible because they believe that being left above the ground allows the person’s spirit to interfere with the living.
Before being placed in the coffin, the deceased is cleaned with a damp towel, dusted with talcum powder and dressed in his/her best clothes from his/her own wardrobe .
The funeral is a time to celebrate the wealth and strength of the family and offerings are given so that the spirit can continue to give guidance to the family which is left behind. Once they pass away, an individual becomes an ancestor to be respected.
35 85 OFFICIAL 4.4 Kosovan Community
1. UK and Kosovan Community
There are approximately 50,000 Kosovans living in the UK and Over 60% are based in London. The majority of Kosovans are Muslim, although may not be strict. The older generations tend to be more orthodox.
2. Naming System
For Kosovan, the naming system is similar to the British one. People generally have one given name and one last name. Women change their last name on marriage, and children take their father’s last name. Some Kosovan people use their father’s first name.
3. Language
The common language amongst Kosovans is Albanian. The Albanian language has two main dialects – Tosk and Gheg.
4. Greetings
In Albanian, ‘Mire dita’, (Good day) pronounced meer deeta.
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
Independence Day 25th September
Festivals and holy days will largely be dictated by Islamic beliefs.
6. Dress
Traditional western dress is usually worn.
7. Family Life
Families from rural areas are generally patriarchal, with the father making all major decisions. Families from urban areas throughout the region function in similar ways to those in the UK.
8. Food and Drink
Flija (sweet layered pastry).
Many younger Muslim Kosovans are not strict about their diet and will eat meat that is not Halal.
9. When entering a home
Visitors are expected to take off their shoes before entering. In an emergency it is courteous to explain why you can’t do this. Visitors are also given the opportunity to wash their hands when they arrive.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Lack of smoke alarms and awareness of Fire Safety
Language barrier
Suspicions of people in Uniform
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
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Assistance by any members of any sex is allowed in emergencies though in non-emergencies both men and women prefer to be treated by members of the same sex.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
There are no particular issues in relation to death customs; however these may be dictated by Muslim beliefs.
37 87 OFFICIAL 4.5 Bosnian Community
1. UK and Bosnian Community
There are now around 15,000 Bosnians in the UK, with communities in the major cities and some smaller towns.
National identity for Bosnians is inextricably tied to ethnic and religious identity. The majority of Bosnians in the UK are likely to be Muslim, though Bosnian Serbs, who are primarily Eastern Orthodox and Croats, who are mostly Roman Catholic. Before the civil war forced them into separate camps, all three groups also identified strongly as Bosnian.
2. Naming System
People generally have one given name and one last name. Women change their last name on marriage, and children take their father’s last name. The following is a Bosnian Muslim example:
Given name Last name
Father Fadil Muksimovic
Mother Dzulsa Muksimovic
Daughter Lejla Muksimovic
Son Almir Muksimovic
3. Language
Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages are very similar, but with some differences in vocabulary.
4. Greetings
The usual greeting in Bosnian is ‘Dobrar jutro’, (Good morning), or ‘dobrar dan’, (Good day).
5. Religious festivals
For Bosnian Muslims, the end of Ramadan (a month of fasting from sunrise to sunset) is celebrated with a large family meal and with Turkish-style sweets and pastries. Both Catholics and Eastern Orthodox believers celebrate Easter with special breads and elaborately decorated eggs. Christmas is an occasion for special family meals among the Christian population.
The main secular holidays are:
New Year's Day, 1st January
Republic Day, 9th January (25th November in the Federation)
Independence Day, 1st March
Day of the Army, 15th April
Labor Day, 1st May
Victory Day, 4th May.
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There is an annual Sarajevo Film Festival in late August and a Winter Festival in February and March that is observed with theatrical and musical performances.
6. Dress
People generally dress in Western-style clothing. Muslim women can be distinguished by their attire as they usually cover their heads with scarves. Traditional Serbian and Croatian costumes include caps, white blouses, and elaborately embroidered vests. These outfits are worn only for special occasions such as weddings and festivals.
7. Family Life
Traditional domestic unit often includes parents, grandparents, and young children. This pattern has been disrupted in many cases due to the war as many were relocated to refugee camps or other countries.
Bosnians have a strong patriarchal tradition though this is being challenged due to educational and lifestyle opportunities have increased significantly since that time, although there are still disparities.
8. Food and Drink
Bosanski Ionac is a cabbage and meat stew. Cevapcici are lamb sausages that often are eaten with flat bread called somun. Pastries, both sweet and savoury, are common; burek and pida (layered cheese or meat pies), zeljanica (spinach pie), and sirnica (cheese pie) are served as main dishes. Baklava, a Turkish pastry made of phyllo dough layered with nuts and honey, is a popular dessert, as is an apple cake called tufahije. Kefir, a thin yogurt drink, is popular, as are Turkish coffee and a kind of tea called salep. Homemade brandy, called rakija, is a popular alcoholic drink.
9. When entering a home
In Muslim houses, it is traditional to remove your shoes and put on a pair of slippers.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Lack of Fire Alarms and awareness of Fire Safety
Language barrier
Suspicions of people in Uniform
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
Members of the community will have been likely to have witnessed unspeakable atrocities and therefore may be suspicious of individuals wearing uniform.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death.
Christians and Muslims mourn the death of a loved one by dressing in black and paying visits to the family of the deceased.
39 89 OFFICIAL 4.6 Indian Community
1. UK and Indian Community
It is estimated that in the region of 1.2 million people of Indian origin reside in the UK. The main religions that the people follow include Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism.
The majority of people in the UK of Indian origin hail from the Gujarat and the Punjab. In addition the UK also has sizeable numbers of Anglo Indians.
2. Naming System
Guajarati Hindu people generally have four names:
A given name, used by family and friends, a complementary name, used with the given name as a polite form of address, the father’s personal name, and the family or caste name, which is used as a last name.
On marriage, a woman takes her husband’s personal name and family name. The children have their father’s personal name and family name.
First Complementary Father’s Family Name Name Personal Name Name
Father Naresh Lal Mohan Patel
Mother Lalita Devi Naresh Patel
Son Jayendra Kumar Naresh Patel
Daughter Madhur Lakshmi Naresh Patel
Sikh men and boys have the complementary name Singh, which means lion. Sikh women and girls have the complementary name Kaur, which means princess. First names may be used as male or female.
Personal Complementary Caste name name name
Father Jaswant Singh Dhillon
Mother Indarjit Kaur Dhillon
Daughter Manjit Kaur Dhillon
Son Jaswinder Singh Dhillon
Gujarati Muslims may have a Gujarati family name but with a Muslim given name: e.g., given name: Hasan, family name: Patel. It is important to remember that although individuals may have a traditionally Hindu last name they may not necessarily be Hindu.
Anglo-Indian people have British given names and last names, and use the British naming system.
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3. Language
Gujarati, Urdu, Hindi and Tamil, Bengali and Punjabi.
4. Greetings
See Faith Sections – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism and Christianity.
5. Religious festivals
See Faith Sections – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
6. Dress
See Faith Sections – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism and Christianity.
7. Family Life
Similar to other south Asian communities, grandparents often stay with the family. Recently there has been a growing independence among the younger generation who purchase property and move away after marriage.
8. Food and Drink
See Faith Sections – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
9. When entering a home
See Faith Section – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
See Faith Section – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
See Faith Section – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
See Faith Section – Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
41 91 OFFICIAL 4.7 Pakistani Community
1. UK and Pakistani Community
It is estimated that the number of Pakistani origin British citizens is around 1 million who live in the UK.
The majority follow the Islamic faith though a minority also follow Hinduism and Christianity.
2. Naming System
Males and females have different naming systems, so members of the same family may have completely different names. Women do not adopt the husband's name on marriage. Men usually have two or more names.
First is a religious title then a personal name. Most Muslim women traditionally have two names - a personal name, followed by a female title (e.g., Begum, Bibi or Khatoon), which is similar to Mrs or Miss. A woman would be addressed informally by her personal name or formally by her full name - but preferably not as Mrs Begum or Mrs Bibi or Mrs Khatoon.
Some women may have two personal names and no title, e.g., Nasreen Akhtar. Some may have a family name as well, e.g., Nasreen Akhtar Khan.
Given name Last name
Father Muhammad Rafiq
Mother Shamina Begum
Daughter Nasreen Bibi
Son Muhammad Iqbal
It is now more common among some second and third generation Pakistanis settled in Britain to have a shared family name following a personal name as in the British system, and for wives to take the family name on marriage.
3. Language
The majority of people of Pakistani origin will speak Urdu or Punjabi.
4. Greetings
The usual greeting for Muslim people is ‘Assalam-o-Alaikum’, (Peace upon you). The reply is ‘Wa-Alaikum-us-Asalaam’ (Peace upon you, too). Pakistani Christian people often use English greetings.
5. Religious festivals
See Faith Section – Islam
6. Dress
Women may wear the shalwar kameez (long tunic and trousers), Western dress or a sari for special occasions. Younger women are less likely to wear traditional dress for every day. Some men wear the shalwar and skull-cap; others wear Western clothes for work but traditional at home.
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7. Family Life
The Pakistani ‘family’ involves distant relatives, in a grouping, which exists to provide support for its members. Members of the extended family support each other whenever needed by lending money, helping out when members are sick etc.
8. Food and Drink
Pakistani cuisine is based on curry or masala (hot and spicy) sauces accompanying chicken, lamb, shrimps and a wide variety of vegetables. The national drink in Pakistan is tea, drunk strong with milk and often very sweet.
Pakistani people observe the Muslim dietary laws: they don’t eat pork, require meat to be halal and don’t drink alcohol.
9. When entering a home
See Faith Section – Islam
10. Potential Fire Hazards
See Faith Section – Islam
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
See Faith Section – Islam
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
See Faith Section – Islam
43 93 OFFICIAL 4.8 Iranian Community
1. UK and Iranian Community
It is estimated that around 75,000 Iranians reside in the UK. Iranian Communities can be found in London, Manchester, Bradford, Leeds, Glasgow, Newcastle, Southampton, Slough. Predominantly of the Shia Islamic faith with smaller minorities of Zoroastrians, Bahá'í, and Christians. The UK also has a large Iranian-Jewish community, primarily based in London.
2. Naming System
Women do not take their husband’s name when they get married; however children take their father’s last name.
Given name Last name
Father Soroush Abadi
Mother Shirin Paidar
Daughter Parveneh Abadi
Son Reza Abadi
3. Language
Largely Farsi though also Turkish, Arabic, Blochis, Kurdish and Torkomans.
4. Greetings
A typical Iranian greeting is ‘Dorood’, (Greetings).
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
Nowruz; Celebration of the start of spring ("Rejuvenation"). It starts on the first day of spring (also the first day of the Iranian Calendar year) and lasts for 13 days.
Sizdah Bedar: Persian Festival of "Joy and Solidarity". The 13th/last day of Nowruz celebration ("Getting rid of the thirteen!"). It is celebrated outdoors along with the beauty of nature.
Mehregan: Festival of Mehr (or Mihr). A day of "Thanksgiving".
Jashne Sade: A mid-winter feast to honour fire and to "defeat the forces of darkness, frost and cold".
Shabe Chelle: The turning point. End of the longest night (darkness) of the year, and beginning of growing of the days (Lights). A celebration of Good over Evil.
Sepandarmazgan: Day of Love, Friendship and Earth in ancient Persian culture.
Chaharshanbe Suri: Festival of Fire, last Tuesday night in the Iranian Calendar year. It marks the importance of the light over the darkness, arrival of spring and revival of nature.
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6. Dress
Generally most Iranians here wear Western dress, and even in Iran, the rules about women’s clothing are being relaxed. A small proportion of women choose to wear the hijab.
7. Family Life
The family is the basis of the social structure. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close.
Traditionally, the hierarchy in the Iranian family is ranked in the following order: father, mother, sons, and daughters. However this has changed over the years and may now be based on the level of education.
It is common for Iranian people to avoid eye contact, particularly traditional women.
8. Food and Drink
Rice (berenj) is a staple building block of any Iranian meal with yoghurt or egg used to produce a tasty crunchy crust, adding saffron, berries, herbs, spices and meat for colour and flavour.
More religious Muslims eat only halal food. For most there are no dietary restrictions. Alcohol is accepted in some families.
9. When entering a home
The majority of Iranians take off their shoes when indoors. They will understand if emergency service staff don’t take off their shoes when dealing with an emergency. In strict Islamic households, a stranger will be expected to address the father.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
See Faith Section – Islam
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
See Faith Section – Islam
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
See Faith Section – Islam
45 95 OFFICIAL 4.9 Kurdish Community
1. UK and Kurdish Community
Kurds are estimated to number around 100,000 and have settled across the country including in major cities such as London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds and Glasgow.
2. Naming System
People have a given name and last name, in that order. Women do not change their name on marriage. Children take their father’s last name.
Given name Last name
Father Adnan Shaswar
Mother Fazilya Aziz
Daughter Lara Shaswar
Son Mashkall Shaswar
People are generally called by their given name alone: e.g. Adnan, rather than Mr Shaswar.
3. Language
Kurdish Soranji and Kamenji dialect, Turkish, Georgian, Armenian, Russian, Azeri Arabic and Persian.
4. Greetings
The usual greeting in Sorani is ‘Beyani Bas’, (Good morning).
5. Religious festivals
The majority of Kurds in Iraq are Muslim; mostly Sunni, with some Shia. There are also Christian and Jewish Kurds, and followers of the pre-Islamic religions: Kakacy and Zardashet. The older generation of Muslims are devout, but younger people are generally more secular. A small percentage of people will have religious symbols in their home, generally a picture of a particular mosque.
Kurdish people celebrate Nawroz, the New Year, on 21 March, as well as the Western New Year. They also observe Ramadan and celebrate the two Eid festivals.
6. Dress
Largely Western dress, except when celebrating events such as Nawroz, and cultural events.
7. Family Life
The Kurds are traditionally very family oriented and patriarchal. Family lines are patriarchal: traced along the father's ancestry. This has been disrupted due to migration to countries like the UK. People generally arrived on their own or as a nuclear family, and this is how most people live here.
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8. Food and Drink
Bulghur (cracked wheat) used to be the staple food for Kurds. Rice is becoming more popular. The Kurdish diet includes a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Cucumbers are especially common. In the valleys where grapes are grown, raisins and grape jam are common. Meat is only eaten on special occasions. The usual beverage is tea. Kurdish specialties include a type of wafer bread eaten for breakfast, and any kind of grain cooked in whey.
9. When entering a home
It is usual to take your shoes off when entering the home.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Lack of Smoke Alarms and awareness of Fire Safety
Language barrier
Suspicions of people in Uniform
Overcrowding
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
See Faith Section – Islam
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
See Faith Section – Islam
47 97 OFFICIAL 4.10 Nigerian Community
1. UK and Nigerian Community
It is estimated that around 140,000 people of Nigerian descent reside in the UK. In particular Greater London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Cardiff and Sheffield. Predominantly Christian with a sizable Muslim minority.
2. Naming System
Nigerian people have several given names, which may include the grandmother or grandfather’s name, a name reflecting the circumstances of their birth, and a religious name. Children have their father’s last name. Most women take their husband’s last name when they marry.
Given Given Given Last name name name name
Father Ekene Orie Oji Nkwo
Mother Chidi Adaeze Ijeoma Nkwo
Daughter Mary Ijeoma Adjoa Nkwo
Son Valentine Ejike Isonto Nkwo
3. Language
English, Yoruba, Igbo, Edo.
4. Greetings
Most Nigerian people in the UK will be happy to be greeted with ‘a hello and a smile
6. Religious and Cultural festivals
The secular holidays are New Year's Day (1st January)
Workers' Day (1st May)
National Day (1st October).
In addition Christian holidays and or Muslim holidays are observed by many.
7. Dress
Most Nigerian people adapt their clothing to the weather in this country, wearing warmer, Western clothes in winter and traditional dress in summer. Some wear Nigerian robes over Western dress.
8. Family Life
Traditionally extended families were seen as the backbone of the social system. Grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles, sisters, brothers and in-laws all work as a unit through life, but this is becoming less common.
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9. Food and Drink
Corn, yams, and sweet potatoes form the base of the diet. This is often served with a palm oil based stew made with chicken, beef, goat, tomatoes, okra, onions, bitter leaves, or whatever meats and vegetables might be on hand. Muslim Nigerians observe the usual rules about diet, not eating pork and drinking alcohol. The traditional Nigerian diet is high in meat and oil.
10. When entering a home
It is respectful to address the man of the family first if he is present, and to remove shoes at the door when entering a house.
11. Potential Fire Hazards
The use of hot oil and naked flames in cooking, low fire safety awareness and high rates of smoking.
12. Providing Emergency Assistance
Assistance by any members of any sex is allowed in emergencies though in non-emergencies both men and women prefer to be treated by members of the same sex.
See also Faith Section – Islam and Christianity
13. Dealing with incidence of Death
Regardless of religion, Nigerians bury their dead. This is customary among Christians and Muslims, but it also is based on traditional beliefs that the body should be returned to the earth that sustained it during life.
See also Faith Section – Islam and Christianity
49 99 OFFICIAL 4.11 Polish Community
1. UK and Polish Community
It is estimated that 500,000 Polish people live in the UK. They are dispersed across the UK. The vast majority of people are Roman Catholic by tradition but a small minority are Jewish or Polish Orthodox.
2. Naming System
The naming system is similar to the system in the UK. Some people are given middle names but hardly anyone uses both names in everyday life. The typical Polish last name finishes with – ski (for males) and –ska (for females). Middle-aged couples are usually married. Younger couples might not be married and live in partnership.
3. Language
Polish
4. Greetings
A usual greeting includes ‘dzien dobry’, pronounced ‘jen dobrey’ (Good day). A more informal greeting is ‘czesc’ pronounced ‘chest’ (Hi!).
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
All the major Christian festivals are celebrated with the particular addition of
Corpus Christi which falls in May or June,
Feast of the Assumption on August 15
and All Saint’s Day on November 1.
The major secular festivals are Constitution Day on May 3rd
and Independence Day on November 11th
6. Dress
Polish people wear Western clothes.
7. Family Life
Polish people are very family-orientated. It is very important for them to spend the most popular festivals (e.g. Christmas and Easter) with their family.
8. Food and Drink
There are no particular issues in relation to dietary requirements. The most typical ingredients used in Polish cuisine are sauerkraut, beetroot, cucumbers (gherkins), sour cream, kohlrabi, mushrooms, sausages and smoked sausage.
A meal owes it taste to the herbs and spices used; such as marjoram, dill, caraway seeds, parsley, or pepper. The most popular desserts are cakes and pastries. A shot of vodka is an appropriate addition to festive meals and help you to digest the food.
9. When entering a home
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When greeting Polish people, it is proper etiquette to shake hands with members of both sexes, although it is also polite to wait for a woman to be the first to offer her hand. Some Polish men may even kiss the hand of a woman. But when shaking hands you should retain a firm grip and an adequate amount of direct eye contact. However, be aware that too prolonged and direct eye contact might be interpreted as challenging.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Lanterns are used to celebrate religious and cultural events, low fire safety awareness; and, high rates of smoking and overcrowding.
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
No specific issues.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
There are no particular issues in relation to death customs although it is very important for Roman Catholics to be given their last rites.
Usually the family wishes to bury the deceased in their home country in a family grave or close to the graves of other family members who have passed away.
In Poland, generally speaking, the deceased are buried as opposed to cremated. Cremation is relatively new in Poland, however due to transport difficulties families might choose cremation for practical reasons and take the ashes to Poland to bury.
51 101 OFFICIAL 4.12 Somali Community
1. UK and Somali Community
The 2001 census suggested there were 43,000 Somalis in the UK however experts suggest there are at least 95,000 living in the UK. More established communities can be found in London, Cardiff and Liverpool. Somalis are generally Sunni Muslims, and follow Islamic requirements.
2. Naming System
Somalis use three names: their own given name, their father’s given name and their grandfather’s however. Women do not change their name on marriage.
Given Father’s Grandfather’s name given name given name
Father Ahmed Omar Khalid
Mother Hodan Abdi Adam
Daughter Faduma Ahmed Omar
Son Mohammed Ahmed Omar
3. Language
Arabic, English and Swahili.
4. Greetings
Muslim greeting, ‘Assalaam- o Aleikum’ ‘Sidee layahay’, (How are you?).
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
Muslim festivals are celebrated (See Faith Section: Islam).
They also celebrate two independence days, 26th June and 1st July.
6. Dress
Traditional dress for women is the Juba, a long loose dress which, together with a headdress, ensures that the whole body except the hands and face are covered. Men may also wear the Juba but trousers are more commonly worn in this country.
7. Family Life
Somalis have long formed close-knit communities in Britain. Recent arrivals may not necessarily have the same social networks.
8. Food and Drink
Most Muslim Somalis will only consume Halal food. Traditional Somali foods are meat based. Like other Muslims, Somali do not use pork in their diet and they do not drink alcoholic beverages.
In addition to meat, rice is used often in the Somali cuisine. Common foods in Somalia include a type of homemade bread called Anjara (it looks like a large, spongy pancake) and
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Sambusas, which are deep-fried triangular-shaped dumplings usually filled with meat or vegetables. Somalis have scrumptious meat and Chicken dishes called Bariis, often served with basmati rice that has been flavoured with cardamom and cinnamon.
9. When entering a home
See Faith Section – Islam
10. Potential Fire Hazards
The smoking of khat
Poor Housing and Overcrowding
Recent arrivals may have lived through traumatic experiences of war and displacement and therefore may be suspicious of people in uniform.
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
See Faith Section – Islam
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
See Faith Section – Islam
53 103 OFFICIAL 4.13 Romany Gypsy Community
1. UK and Romany Community
There are between 250,000 and 300,000 British Roma and Travellers in the UK. Romanies often adopt the dominant religion of their host country, while preserving their particular belief systems and indigenous religion and worship. Most Eastern European Romanies are Catholic, Orthodox or Muslim.
2. Naming System
Roma children are usually given names from the country where they are born. Women change their name on marriage, and children have their father’s last name.
Strangers should ask for the person’s full name. If they give two names, they should be addressed as Mr or Mrs, with the second name as the last name. If they only give one name that should be used without the title Mr or Mrs.
The following table is for a family from Romania.
Given name Last name
Father Vasile Fieraru
Mother Maria Fieraru
Daughter Loredana Fieraru
Son Sfantu Fieraru
3. Language
The Romani language is derived from old Punjabi or Hindi. There are different dialects in different countries, but there are core common words. There is no universal written Romani language as literacy and numeracy are rare; there is a strong oral tradition of transmitting information from one generation to the next. The majority of Roma also speak the language of the country where they have settled or spend most of their time.
4. Greetings
No universal greeting
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
For the most part, Roma have also adopted the religion of their country of residence. They may be Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant or Muslim. Many carry out religious rituals in their home rather than in churches or mosques.
The best known Romani festival is the pilgrimage to Saintes Maries de la Mar in France.
6. Dress
There is a strict dress code for married Roma women, who must cover all parts of the body except the face and hands. Traditionally women wear two or three long skirts, one on top of the other, to prevent accidentally showing their feet or bare skin. Men generally wear Western- style clothing.
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7. Family Life
Togetherness of the family is important. In a balanced family, the man and the woman do not compete against one another. The man is the head of the family and the woman is the heart of it: both are important for its well-being.
Men make decisions on behalf of the family. It is typical for all the members of the community to take part in the upbringing of children. Children tend to have a lot of knowledge of people and human nature from quite an early age and learn to deal with the difficulties they may face.
The traditional Romanies place a high value on the extended family.
Rules of Romani Code describe relationships inside the Romani community and set limits for customs, behaviour and other aspects of life. The Romani Code is not written; the Romani people keep it alive in oral tradition.
Nowadays the majority of Gypsies are settled, living in houses rather than caravans. 90% of Romani Traveller Gypsies across the world now live in houses. Being nomadic is more common in Western Europe. Within the UK only 50% live in caravans.
8. Food and Drink
There is no Romany cuisine as such. Their gastronomy used ingredients indigenous to wherever they travelled. These included wild fruits, vegetables, herbs, fish, shellfish and game, which were free for the taking in lanes, fields, hedgerows, meadows and streams.
9. When entering a home
It is normal to take off your shoes when entering a house. It is seen as a sign of good manners not to place bags on tables.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Sites poorly managed, poorly located, overcrowded and safety concerns
Use of gas bottles
No access to mains electricity, gas, water or sewerage
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
Parts of the human body are considered impure: the genital organs, because they produce impure emissions, and the lower body. Fingernails and toenails must be filed with an emery board, as cutting them with a clipper is taboo.
Clothes are washed separately. Items used for eating are also washed in a different place.
Childbirth is considered "impure" and must occur outside the dwelling place; the mother is considered "impure" for 40 days.
The community has the lowest life expectancy and highest rate of child mortality in the UK.
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Death is seen as "impure" and affects the whole family of the dead, who may remain "impure" for a period after the death; also, usually private items of the dead are considered to be impure and are to be buried in his/her grave or given to non-Romani poor people.
Many of these practices are also present in Hindu cultures. However, unlike the Hindu practice of burning the dead, Romani culture requires that the dead must be buried, not burned. It is believed the soul of the deceased does not officially enter Heaven until after the burial.
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4.14 Vietnamese Community
1. UK and Vietnamese Community
It is estimated that the population is in the region of 55,000 living in the UK, with significant populations living in London, Birmingham, Leeds, and Manchester. The primary faith followed by Vietnamese’s people is Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism, with some Roman Catholicism.
2. Naming System
The naming system is complex and it is best to ask which name people want to be called by.
Vietnamese people have three names: a last name, a middle name and a given name, in that order. For instance:
Last name Middle name Given name
Nguyen Van Tam
The middle name denotes gender, for example, Van (male), Thi (female).
In some cases the middle name and last name have to go together for the sake of meaning, effectively creating a double-barrelled last name:
Last name and middle name Given name
Ton That May
However, some people choose to conform to the British system:
Given Middle name Last name name
Tam Van Nguyen
Married women do not generally take their husband’s last name, though some choose to, now that they live in the UK. Children take their father’s last name.
Last name Middle Given name name
Father Nguyen Van Huong
Mother Le Thi Mai
Daughter Nguyen Thi Loan Anh
Son Nguyen Van Dan
3. Language
Vietnamese, English, Vinish and various other Languages of Vietnam.
4. Greetings
The Vietnamese greeting to a man is ‘Chao ong’, (How are you, sir?) and to a woman ‘Chao ba’, (How are you, madam?).
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5. Religious and Cultural festivals
Main Holidays and Festivals include:
New Year 1st January:.
The Foundation of the Communist Party of Vietnam 3rd February,
The Liberation of South Vietnam 30th April,
Buddha’s Birthday 14th May,
Ho Chi Minh’s Birthday 19th May ,
National Day of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2nd September,
Christmas Day 25th December:
6. Dress
Vietnamese men and women generally dress very casually at home, often in t-shirts and jogging trousers. They dress more formally to go out. Traditional dress is only worn on special occasions and not at home.
7. Family Life
The family is considered a social unit within Vietnamese communities. They continue to live in large patriarchal joint families, with generations residing together.
8. Food and Drink
Fish sauce, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruits and vegetables are all commonly used. Vietnamese recipes utilise a very diverse range of herbs, including lemongrass, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander and Thai basil leaves. Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for freshness of the ingredients and for the healthy eating style.
The most common meats used in Vietnamese cuisine are pork, chicken, fish, and various kinds of seafood. The Vietnamese also have a strong vegetarian tradition influenced by Buddhist values.
9. When entering a home
People generally use the English Mr. or Mrs. before the title or the title and the first name. They also use the Vietnamese word ‘Thua’, which stands for ‘please’, to add a note of reverence. They give more importance to their family name and put it first, then their middle name and finally their first name.
They are generally averse to any kind of physical contact in public, especially among the opposite sex. Hence they do not generally shake hands but bow down a little to greet each other. At times they also join their hands and sometimes an elderly person touches a child’s head.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Lack of Smoke Alarms, possible overcrowding, lack of awareness around fire safety and language barriers.
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11. Providing Emergency Assistance
Assistance from staff from any gender is allowed though men may want to be treated by members of the same sex.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
Mourning begins even before death is imminent. When death is about to take place, the entire family assembles around the dying relative. A strict silence is observed. The eldest son or daughter bends close to record the last words of advice or counsel.
At this time, the eldest child suggests a name for the dying person, for it is considered unfortunate to continue the same name used in life after the relative has died. Men usually take the name "Trung" which means faithfulness or "True" which means loyalty. Women are usually called "Trinh" which means devotion or "Thuan" which means harmony.
According to ritual, when the parent has died, the children do not, as yet, accept the idea of death. They place a chopstick between the teeth of the deceased and place the deceased on a mat on the floor in an effort to "bring it back to life".
The next rite in this tradition is for the eldest son or daughter to take a shirt the deceased has worn in life and to wave it in the air and call upon the soul of the dead to return to the body.
After this rite has been completed, the descendants then perform the ceremonial cleansing of the deceased. They are bathed, which symbolises washing off the dust of the terrestrial world; hair is combed and nails clipped. Money, gold and rice are placed in the mouth of the dead to indicate that the deceased has left this world without want or hunger.
The deceased is then wrapped in white cloth and placed in a coffin. Members of the family form an honour guard around the clock until a propitious time for burial is selected.
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4.15 Portuguese Community
1. UK and Portuguese Community
The estimated number of people from Portuguese origin living in the UK is 500,000. They are from Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guiné Bissau, Timor and St. Thomas, dispersed across the UK The regions with significant populations include London, London, Channel Islands, East Anglia and South East England. The majority of the Portuguese population is predominantly Catholic by tradition but a small minority is either Protestant or other Christian faith.
2. Naming System
The naming system is different to the system in the UK. Most people have two or more last names (mother and father’s family names). Some people are given many names but are just called Maria (a common name for women) and Brazilians tend to have many European names due to the variety of backgrounds and mixed cultures. The typical old fashioned Portuguese name for women is Maria and José and João for men. Middle-aged couples are usually married. Younger couples might not be married and may live in partnership.
3. Language
Portuguese and English are spoken by the majority of the new and established members of Portuguese in the UK
4. Greetings
A usual greeting includes “Bom dia!”, pronounced “bon dee-ya” (Good day or Good morning). A more informal greeting is “Olá!” pronounced “o-la” (Hi!).
5. Religious and Cultural festivals
The Portuguese community has a mixture of traditional religious and national holidays and will celebrate most of the main Christian festivals and events with the particular addition of Corpus Christi (Body of Christ) which falls in May or June, Feast of the Assumption on August 15th and All Saint’s Day on November 1st.
6. Dress
Portuguese people wear Western clothes
7. Family Life
The family is the foundation of the social structure and forms the basis of stability. The emphasis is around the extended family and individuals derive a social network and assistance from the family. It is very important for them to spend the most popular festivals (e.g. Christmas and Easter) with their family, hence so many of them fly back to the county of their birth at these times of year.
8. Food and Drink
The main meals usually start with a soup made with a variety of vegetables and Caldo Verde (green cabbage soup) is one of the most typical. There is a plentiful supply of fish and bacalhau (salted cod) and is considered the national dish. Sardinhas assadas (grilled sardines) are also very popular. Typical meat dishes contain enchidos (sausages), chicken, pork and goat meats with aromatic herbs, such as fresh parsley, fresh coriander, garlic and sweet paprika.
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Cozido à portuguesa (Portuguese boiled dinner) and feijoada (a rich bean stew) are traditional. Portuguese desserts are rich and often egg based, some with almond such as toucinho do céu (egg and almond sweet), pastéis de nata (egg custard tarts) and arroz doce (a lemon and cinnamon-flavoured rice pudding).
9. When entering a home
The proper form of address is the honorific title 'senhor' and 'senhora' with the last name. Portuguese people generally retain a sense of formality when dealing with each other, which is displayed in the form of extreme politeness. The handshake is likely to be accompanied by direct eye contact and the appropriate greeting for the time of day. Once a personal relationship has developed, greetings become more personal: men may greet each other with a hug and a handshake and women kiss each other twice on the cheek starting with the right.
10. Potential Fire Hazards
Candles are used to celebrate religious and cultural events, low fire safety awareness; and, high rates of smoking and overcrowding.
11. Providing Emergency Assistance
No specific restraints.
12. Dealing with incidence of Death
There are no particular issues in relation to death customs, although it is very important for Roman Catholics to be given their last rites. Usually the family wishes to bury the deceased in the country of their birth in a family grave or close to the graves of other family members, who have passed away. In most of the countries, generally speaking, the deceased are buried as opposed to cremated. Cremation is however becoming popular; due to transport difficulties families may choose cremation for practical reasons and take the ashes to bury.
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4.16 LGBT Community
1. UK LGBT Communities
It is estimated that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people make up around 10% of the UK population (although it’s difficult to provide accurate figures). For the first time, the 2011 Census asked whether members of UK households were or used to be in same-sex civil partnerships.
2. Naming Systems
Employees should consider their language when meeting community members: they may have a ‘partner’, not a ‘wife’ or ‘husband’.
3. Cultural festivals
Pride events take place across West Yorkshire, often during the summer months. These provide an opportunity for people to visibly demonstrate their right to be treated equally, free from prejudice and discrimination. They are also a time for promoting good relations between the LGBT community and the wider community, particularly with people unfamiliar with the LGBT community.
4. Family life
Many LGBT people are in committed, long-term relationships. Employees should be aware that community members may have different, non-traditional family structures. For example, same-sex couples may have their own children, children from previous relationships or no children. Couples may be in a registered civil partnership, or (as of December 2014), married.
5. Potential fire hazards
National and WYFRS research indicates that members of the LGBT community are more likely to experience mental ill health, feel isolated, abuse alcohol or drugs, be smokers and experience hate crime. Some older members of the LGBT community may be particularly vulnerable due to isolation: they may not have children or relatives to provide support.
6. Providing Emergency Assistance
Men or women may want to be treated by members of the same sex. They must be treated with sensitivity, courtesy, dignity and respect, free from judgement.
7. Dealing with incidence of Death
As with all bereavements, employees should be empathetic and respectful of the deceased person, their relatives and next of kin. The next of kin of LGBT people may be their same-sex partner - not a ‘blood’ relative/member of their family/partner of the opposite sex.
There is the potential for difficulties arising with family and friends left behind if they were unaware the deceased person was LGBT, or if there was conflict in the past: ‘coming out’ can result in the person losing contact with family, friends, their community or work associates.
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5 Community Media
When looking to engage with the many communities listed in this handbook, employees may wish to consider using the following media. This is not a comprehensive list and employees should consider consulting their local communities for advice on the media they prefer and use.
Radio stations
Asian Sound Radio (Manchester and East Lancashire) - music, news and information for the Asian community.
BCB Radio (Bradford) – community radio station
Branch FM (Dewsbury) – Christian community radio
Desi Radio (Sky digital) – for Punjabi, Asian communities
Radio Asian Fever (Leeds) – for the South Asian communities of Leeds
Panjab Radio (various locations in the UK) – for Punjabi, Asian, Sikh communities
Phoenix Radio (Calderdale)
Sunrise Radio (Bradford, Huddersfield, Keighley) - music, news and information for the Asian community.
Radio JCom (Leeds) – for the Jewish community
Radio Khushkhabri (Sky digital) – Christian programming for Asian audiences
Radio Sangam (Huddersfield) – for the South Asian communities of Kirklees
Ethnic language publications
Des Pardes Punjabi Sikh community
Punjabi Times Punjabi Sikh community
The Daily Jung Pakistani community
The Nation Pakistani community
The Pakistan Post Pakistani community
Surma Bangladeshi community
Janomot Bangladeshi community
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Potrika Bangladeshi community
Sylheter Dak Bangladeshi community
Notun Din Bangladeshi community
Garavi Gujarat Gujarati community (bilingual)
Gujarat Samachar Gujarati community (bilingual)
English language publications
Weekly newspapers
Eastern Eye
Asian Times
India Today
The Asian Post
News Lanka
Weekly and fortnightly newspapers
The Voice
New Nation
Caribbean Times
African Times
The Weekly Gleaner
The Trumpet
Nigerian News
Kasmo magazine (Somali)
Hürriyet Newspaper (Turkish)
Zaman (Turkish)
Avrupa newspaper (Turkish)
Londra Gazette (Turkish)
Olay Newspaper (Turkish)
Other publications
Gay Times
Attitude Magazine
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6 Useful community contacts
Islamic Cultural Centre
146 Park Road London NW8 7RG Tel: 0207 724 3363 Fax: 020 7724 0493 Website: www.iccuk.org e-mail: [email protected]
The Board of Deputies of British Jews 6 Bloomsbury Square, London WC1A 2LP Telephone: 020 7543 5400 Fax: 020 7543 0010 Website: www.bod.org.uk e-mail:[email protected]
Network of Sikh Organisations Suite 405 Highland House 165 The Broadway Wimbledon SW19 1NE Telephone : 020 8544 8037 Website : http://www.nsouk.co.uk/index.html Email: [email protected]
Hindu Council - national body of UK Hindus and their organisations. Boardman House 64 Broadway Stratford London E15 1NT Tel: 020 8432 0400 Website: http://www.hinducounciluk.org/ Email: [email protected]
The Buddhist Society 58 Eccleston Square London SW1V 1PH Tel: 020 7834 5858 Website: http://www.thebuddhistsociety.org/ e-mail: [email protected]
65 115 OFFICIAL
Chinese Information Advice Centre 4th Floor, 104-108 Oxford Street, London W1D 1LP Telephone: 020 7323 1538 Website: www.ciac.co.uk e-mail: [email protected]
The Refugee Council 240-250 Ferndale Road London SW9 8BB T 020 7346 6700 F 020 7346 6701 Website: http://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/
World Congress of Faiths London Inter Faith Centre 125 Salisbury Rd London NW6 6RG Telephone: 020 8959 3129 Fax: 020 7604 3052 Website: www.worldfaiths.org/ E mail General Enquiries: [email protected]
Equality and Human Rights Commission (ECHR) 3 More London, Riverside Tooley Street, London, SE1 2RG Telephone 020 3117 0235 (non helpline calls only) Fax 0207 407 7557 [email protected]
116 66 OFFICIAL
7 References
Many sources and communities were consulted in the production of this handbook.
Population Estimates
www.statistics.gov.uk
www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7andb=276743and c=londonandd=13ande=13andg=325264andi=1001x1003x1004andm=0andr=1ands=1255543 520204andenc=1anddsFamilyId=1809
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom
www.ons.gov.uk/about-statistics/classifications/archived/ethnic-interim/presenting- data/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_UK_locations_with_large_ethnic_minority_populations
www.equalitybritain.co.uk/
www.equal-works.com/PPractice.aspx?ety=369c9d2a-f440-4587-bfa2-fff4b11fd37a
Cultural Diversity Resources
www.aarc.org/resources/cultural diversity/toold.cfm
www.ache.org/policy/diveristy resources.cfm
www.hrsa.gov/culturalcompetence/
www.cirtl.net/DiversityResources
www.diversityresources.com
www.swap.ac.uk/resources/themes/inclusion.html
www.voiceit.com/eod pack.php
Merseyside FRS Reaching all Communities in Merseyside Community Handbook: www.merseyfire.gov.uk
67 117 OFFICIAL
8 Acknowledgements
WYFRS has reproduced this Guide with kind permission from AFSA and Essex County FRS.
The original handbook was put together by Jagtar Singh OBE, Jayne Dando; Equality and Policy Manager for Essex County FRS, Muhammad Ahsan and Manjit Singh. The copyright for this booklet is the property of Jagtar Singh Associates Ltd and Essex County FRS.
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted by any means without the prior permission of the authors or Essex County FRS.
Sources for data cited in Introductory page
i Office for National Statistics: Census 2011 http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference- tables.html?edition=tcm:77-286262 ii Office for National Statistics: Census 2011 http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference- tables.html?edition=tcm:77-286262 iii Office for National Statistics: Census 2011 http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference- tables.html?edition=tcm:77-286262 iv Race, gender and transgender, disability, age, sexual orientation, religion or belief, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy and maternity v Cabinet Office (February 2007) ‘Fairness and Freedom: The Final Report of the Equalities Review’, www.archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/equalitiesreview
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OFFICIAL
Service Delivery 'Spotlight On' Case Studies Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Service Delivery 10
Purpose To update Members on examples of how the Authority meets the service delivery needs of vulnerable and at risk groups or individuals
Recommendations That Members note the report
Summary The report brings to the attention of Members three initiatives across the districts which are innovative examples of how West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service seeks to reduce risk and improve partnership working.
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: Ian Bitcon, Area Manager Fire Safety T: 01274 655720 E: [email protected]
Background papers open to inspection: None
Annexes: Annex 1, Spotlight On case studies
119 1 Introduction
1.1 The Fire Authority is committed to meeting the needs of West Yorkshire’s diverse communities. Members are aware that we direct our resources particularly towards the most vulnerable groups or individuals: those who are most at risk because of their lifestyles, behaviours or the way their protected characteristics, such as race, or religion or belief, influence their day-to-day life. 2 Information
2.1 The different geographical, historical, socio-economic, cultural and ethnic profile of each District means that each must target resources appropriately to address the specific risks in that District.
2.2 Committee Members receive regular updates on the delivery of District Action Plans and performance against targets.
2.3 The ‘Spotlight On’ case studies attached in Annex 1 to this Report provide examples of how these Action Plans and targets are delivered by firefighters, and fire safety employees. They demonstrate how the Service tailors its services to achieve positive outcomes for vulnerable/at risk individuals and groups in West Yorkshire, who have protected characteristics1.
2.4 The case studies also explicitly link to the organisation’s Strategic Objectives and the Equality Act protected characteristics. They will be made available to the public on the "Why We're Excellent" section of the www.westyorksfire.gov.uk web site.
2.5 The process of ‘Spotlight On’ has previously been reported to Human resources Committee as part of the Public Sector Equality Duty –Annual Update, however, the detail of the activities that are presented sit more reasonably with reporting at Community Safety Committee.
3 Financial Implications
3.1 There are no financial implications associated with this Report. 4 Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 The ‘Spotlight On’ Case studies illustrate how the Authority meets the needs of service users with protected characteristics, and therefore demonstrate compliance with the Public Sector Equality Duty. 5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 There are no health and safety implications directly associated with this Report. 6 Service Plan Links
6.1 The ‘Spotlight On’ case studies in Annex 1 provide examples of the following priorities;
• Delivery of a proactive fire prevention and protection programme.
1 As set out in the Equality Act 2010: race, disability, age, sex (gender), transgender, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, religion or belief, sexual orientation).
120
Annex 1: Spotlight On case studies focusing on service delivery Football tackles anti-social bonfire behaviour in Harehills
What the need was and how we identified it In recent years, high levels of anti-social behaviour and deliberate fire- setting have taken place within the Hovingham area in Harehills, Leeds during the Bonfire period. This has sometimes led to attacks on firefighters.
This area of Leeds has high levels of social deprivation, very transient communities and a significant amount of private rented accommodation. Many young people are disengaged from mainstream society and have negative perceptions and experiences of uniformed services.
What we did and the difference we made WYFRS, working in partnership with West Yorkshire Police and Leeds City Council, has for the last two years, engaged young people from this area. They were encouraged to take part in a free football tournament from 5pm until 9:45pm on Mischief night (4th November). By providing a fun, diversionary event, the aim was to minimise anti-social behaviour and reduce deliberate fire-setting that’s been a feature of the Bonfire period in previous years. It also provided a great opportunity to break down barriers between the emergency services and young people from the local community.
The event was hugely successful. Over 95 young people aged 12-24 years, girls and boys took part in the tournament; around 120 came to watch. It took place with no trouble at all and the young people who got involved gave very positive feedback.
There were no recorded fire-related incidents or problems within this area. If the tournament had not been arranged, several fires would have been deliberately set. It was also very probable there would have been a repeat of previous years’ attacks on fire crews when they responded to the incidents.
121 Outcomes Analysis of fire data from previous years indicates that carrying out diversionary events such as the football tournament has a positive impact, reducing the number of incidents around the Bonfire period. In Hovingham in 2011 and 2012, there were 3 and 8 fires respectively. Following the introduction of the football tournament, there was 1 fire in 2013 and no recorded incidents in 2014. The tournament provides an opportunity to improve relationships between local communities and agencies, including WYFRS.
“Bonfire Period” planning will begin in April. This will include a 2015 tournament that will replicate and build on the success of the previous years’ events. As attacks on firefighters have increased in other areas of Leeds District, the Team are considering how to introduce other Leeds communities to the initiative.
Keys to our success • Very good multi-agency working relationships between WYFRS and West Yorkshire Police and Leeds City council. • Recognition by all partners that delivering a diversionary activity within this area of Harehills would make a difference. • Commitment from all staff involved to deliver the tournament and ensure it was successful for the young people in the area.
This Spotlight On supports the delivery of the Strategic Priority: • Deliver a proactive fire prevention and protection programme
Equality priorities • Age, sex, social deprivation • Fostering good relations between people who share a protected characteristic and those who do not share them.
Contact Leeds District Office t: 0113 2904840; e: [email protected]
122 Winning teams reduce deliberate fire-setting
What the need was and how we identified it North East Halifax is generally the most socially deprived area in the Calderdale District. In particular, the Ovenden, Illingworth, and Mixenden areas are among the 10% most socially deprived in the country.
On average, there are twice as many deliberate fires in these locations than other parts of West Yorkshire. There is also a history of anti- social behaviour and attacks on firefighters in these areas. A lack of engagement with children and young people has contributed to this situation.
What we did and the difference it has made
Calderdale District has a successful track record of partnership working within the North Halifax area, such as the Boxing Club initiative. The Calderdale District Team were keen to continue supporting regeneration and neighbourhood management programmes in conjunction with the Police, Pennine Housing, and local schools. Their latest programmes are designed to improve links between local young people and public services.
Two successful initiatives have been delivered: a Mix-Match event involving local schools, and the formation of a local football team, Ovenden Phoenix.
• The first Mix-Match event took place on 11th July 2014. Two Academies competed against each other in a number of “It’s A Knockout” challenges, each led by one of the partner organisations. Local firefighters and Police Officers acted as mentors throughout the day and schoolteachers as team champions. The winning team was Trinity Academy, the first to win the trophy. It generated positive feedback from the young people, who were enthusiastic about re-engaging with the agencies in further events during the winter months. Eleven young people from Mixenden also attended the West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Headquarters Bonfire and Firework extravaganza in November.
123 • In March 2014, around 40 young men who’d been involved in anti-social behaviour were encouraged to form a football team. Calderdale District carried out fundraising for the Ovenden Phoenix Football Club. Firefighters from Illingworth Fire Station have taken part in pre-season training and matches.
Outcomes Early evidence indicates that both initiatives have provided appealing activities for children, adolescents, and young adults that have had a positive impact on their lives, and improved their fitness and well- being. Offences, crime and anti-social behaviour in the target areas have been reduced. Deliberate fires and acts of anti-social behaviour reduced during the holiday period following the Mix-Match event. The number of attacks on firefighters also significantly reduced since these initiatives began.
Ovenden Phoenix is now a respected team in the Halifax Sunday League. Two members of Ovenden Phoenix have found full-time employment following partnership assistance. They are now apprentices with the Ovenden Initiative and Pennine Housing. Other members of the team are receiving support with interview skills, job applications, and training.
Both initiatives have strengthened relationships between young people from local communities and front line services. The Calderdale District Team will continue to support both of these initiatives and monitor their success.
Keys to success • Continued, effective working relationships between WYFRS and local partners. • Ownership, leadership and buy-in from all stakeholders, including local schools and young people. • Securing funding to support on-going and future initiatives. • Energy, and creativity demonstrated by all those involved.
This Spotlight On supports the delivery of the Strategic Priority: • Deliver a proactive fire prevention and protection programme
Equality priorities • Age, sex, race, social deprivation • Advance equality of opportunity between people who share a protected characteristic and those who do not share them • Fostering good relations between people who share a protected characteristic and those who do not share them.
Contact Calderdale District Office t: 01422 386857; e: [email protected]
124 Generating more effective partnership referrals
What the need was and how we identified it The Kirklees Prevention Team provides fire safety awareness training to local authority and blue light partners. This helps Partners identify vulnerable individuals whose lifestyles or behaviour may place them at greater risk from fire, and refer them to WYFRS for targeted support.
During training sessions with the Kirklees Noise and Pollution Team and NHS partners, Watch Manager Andy Wooler quickly discovered the online referral process wasn’t working as effectively as it should. There were a number of challenges: • Many partners didn’t know about or where to access the online referral service. • It’s not unusual for there to be high turnover of employees or restructures at the Partner organisations, so knowledge about the referral process can be patchy. • Feedback from some Partners also indicated they were continuing to use out of date referral processes to contact WYFRS.
Audits showed that the quality of information received from Partners wasn’t as high as it could be. This meant additional time being spent by WYFRS prevention teams obtaining information and identifying the priority, vulnerable individuals they needed to support.
What we did and the difference we made Watch Manager Wooler had a ‘Eureka’ moment and identified a simple, eye-catching effective remedy: a desk-top shortcut placed on Partners’ computers, in the shape of a Fire Engine that links directly to the online referral form. His previous experience working in the Training Support Department at WYFRS Headquarters meant he knew what illustration to use. With support from the WYFRS IT department, he turned this into a desktop shortcut to the referral form. The icon provides a consistent, recognisable image that remains a constant presence on the Partners’ computers, regardless of who use them. It’s easy for them to use and benefits WYFRS by telling us about vulnerable and at risk individuals quickly and effectively.
Outcomes The majority of partners have embraced this initiative. They tell WYFRS that it’s ideal for them: they can find the link easily and it is a constant reminder about the referral system. Locala (an independent company that provides NHS community services) has placed the icon on all their 1,200 computers. Kirklees Council (Adult and Children’s Services), South West Yorkshire NHS Trust (covering Mental Health, Children’s Services, Older People, Drugs and Alcohol teams), and Housing Associations are also using the Fire Engine desk-top icon to generate referrals and they’ve provided extremely positive feedback about its effectiveness. Kirklees CarePhone has integrated the WYFRS referral process into their assessment process for a property where a resident is having a CarePhone installed.
The effectiveness of the referral system via the desktop link is auditable – much more so compared to other referral routes e.g. going online or using emails.
125 Keys to our success • Installing a simple, eye-catching device installed on all computers, creating a direct and successful referral method. • Good partnership working and feedback between WYFRS and agencies. • Supporting partners to overcome their initial concerns when they create the desktop icon for the first time. • Providing short, highly effective training to partners in team meetings. • Developing WYFRS employees who can engage partners and use their skills and experiences acquired in other roles to solve problems in their current role.
This Spotlight On supports the delivery of the Strategic Priority: • Deliver a proactive fire prevention and protection programme
Equality priorities • Age, disability, social deprivation • Advance equality of opportunity between people who share a protected characteristic and those who do not share them
Contact Kirklees District Office t: 01484 551864; [email protected]
126 OFFICIAL
Integrated Risk Management Plan update Community Safety Committee
Date: 24 July 2015 Agenda Item: Submitted By: Director of Strategic Development 11
Purpose To update Members on progress against the wide range of initiatives approved as part of the current Integrated Risk Management Plan (IRMP).
Recommendations That Members note the progress made in implementing the approved Integrated Risk Management Plan initiatives.
Summary This report provides Members with the very latest information on the progress of each project. Due to the number of new Members sitting on the Authority this year, it is felt appropriate to repeat some of the background information supplied previously. During 2011 and 2012, following extensive public consultation and negotiation, the Authority approved several proposals as part of its Integrated Risk Management Plan. The proposals are a fundamental part of how the Authority is responding to reductions in funding and the reducing levels of risk and demand across West Yorkshire. This report provides Members with details of progress against each IRMP initiative approved since 2011 which will deliver significant annual savings. The report also highlights the scale of the changes currently being developed and implemented.
Local Government (Access to information) Act 1972
Exemption Category: None
Contact Officer: Director of Strategic Development, Steve Beckley
Background papers open to inspection: None
Annexes: Annex A – Summary table of IRMP initiatives Annex B – Glossary of Terms
127 1 Introduction
1.1 West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Authority (WYFRA) has utilised its Integrated Risk Management Planning (IRMP) process to deliver more efficient, effective services for a number of years. In recent years the focus has been on delivering major efficiencies and limiting any negative impact on community and firefighter safety.
1.2 A comprehensive review of emergency cover was commenced in 2011, with the first phase of the review forming a series of proposals which, following extensive public consultation, were approved by WYFRA in December 2011. Prior to this, in June 2011, some other changes had been approved by the Authority, changing duty systems and certain types of fire appliances. The second phase of the emergency cover review was completed in 2012 and, in December of that year, again following extensive public consultation, the Authority approved a further set of proposals.
1.3 In September 2012, the Authority approved the procurement of a fifth Combined Aerial Rescue Pump (CARP) for Leeds Fire Station, completing the change from Aerial Ladder Platforms to CARPs across West Yorkshire. In October 2014 the Authority approved revised proposals for Rawdon and Otley following difficulties identifying suitable land for a new fire station at Menston. These revised proposals will see Rawdon and Otley fire stations remaining open and Rawdon operating the Wholetime Day Crewing duty system to deliver similar levels of efficiencies as the original proposal. The combined proposals represent the most significant changes to emergency cover ever implemented by any fire and rescue authority in modern times in the United Kingdom.
1.4 In December 2014 the Fire and Rescue Authority was provided with a detailed report on the current progress with implementing all the approved initiatives and a further update was provided for the Community Safety Committee in April 2015. This report now provides the Community Safety Committee with information on the current position. 2 Information
2.1 All initiatives are established as formal projects using the Authority’s Project Management Framework. The overall programme is monitored by the Change Management Programme Board, chaired by the Deputy Chief Fire Officer. The Establishment Planning Group (chaired by Director of Service Support) and the Capital Programme Monitoring Group (chaired by Chief Finance and Procurement Officer) support the Change Management Programme Board in ensuring resources are in place to deliver the changes.
2.2 The planning and procurement elements for most of the projects can be lengthy and complex, being subject to significant uncertainty and challenges outside the control of the Authority mainly due to the involvement of third parties including local authority planning officers. Information on the progress of each of the approved initiatives is provided in a summary table (Annex A). 3 Financial Implications
3.1 The financial efficiencies associated with the projects in this report have been previously supplied to Members on a number of occasions, most recently at the April 2015 Community Safety Committee. In summary the current approvals will deliver on-going salary savings of almost £14.0m once fully implemented.
3.2 As part of the process the Authority will be closing 15 of its existing stations to be replaced by 7 new builds, plus a new replacement fire station built on the existing Rothwell site. It is anticipated that this programme will also deliver significant savings in station running costs.
128 3.3 In order to deliver these savings the Authority will need to invest almost £27m in capital investment. The Authority has already received grant of £11.25m from central government towards this investment. Once the schemes are completed they will release spare land which will be used to generate capital receipts which will be used to further offset the building costs.
3.4 There is no doubt that the Authority will have to borrow to fund a significant proportion of the building costs, however the capital grants, capital receipts from sale of surplus land and current positive cash flow will limit the amount of new borrowing in 2015/2016.
3.5 Tight control of expenditure on individual project budgets is exercised through the programme management structure and whilst there remain a number of financial risks to individual projects, for example the cost of street works procured by local authorities (where the Authority has little control), the overall programme remains within approved expenditure levels. 4 Human Resources and Equality and Diversity Implications
4.1 Detailed Information on the changes to establishment have been previously supplied to Members on a number of occasions, most recently at the April 2015 Community Safety Committee. In summary, the IRMP initiatives in this report result in reductions of 369 wholetime firefighter posts and 42 Retained firefighter posts. The introduction of IRMP initiatives is however, where possible, planned to align to the leaver/retirement profile, ensuring service delivery is not adversely affected and compulsory redundancies are all but eliminated. Details of the equality and diversity implications arising from these initiatives were reported at the time of approval and again at the Fire and Rescue Authority meeting in December 2014. 5 Health and Safety Implications
5.1 Details of the health and safety implications arising from these initiatives were reported at the time of approval and again at the Fire and Rescue Authority meeting in December 2014. 6 Service Plan Links
6.1 IRMP initiatives help to support the four strategic priorities set out in the Service Plan. These are:
Deliver a proactive fire prevention and protection programme
Deliver a professional and resilient emergency response service
Provide a safe and competent workforce
Provide effective and ethical governance and achieve value for money in managing resources.
6.2 The Authority’s 2015/16 IRMP Action Plan includes specific objectives to implement several of the initiatives contained in this report. 7 Conclusions
7.1 There continues to be good progress in implementing a programme of major change, delivering efficiencies, matching resources to risk and demand and limiting the impact of reductions in funding. Whilst there have been and continue to be challenges in identifying and procuring land and obtaining planning consent to build new fire stations, the flexibility in the programme ensures that service delivery is not adversely affected, delivering the best possible service within the Authority’s budgetary constraints. After some early delays the programme is now progressing well, remains within the approved budgets and in many cases is ahead of schedule.
129 Annex A Integrated Risk Management Plan Projects Update July 2015
Project Authority Status Information Target Approval Date Completion/ Operational Date Dual crew a fire June 2011 Project Dual crewing the High Volume Pump at Stanningley has worked well with April 2012 appliance and a Completed no adverse impact on the community. specialist appliance at Stanningley fire station. Remove one of the June 2011 Project Silsden remains a very low risk area and the remaining appliance is now April 2012 two fire appliances Completed far better utilised following the removal of the second appliance at Keighley from Silsden fire and the closure of Haworth fire station. station Replace one of the June 2011 Project The FRU has been subsequently relocated to Stanningley fire station in July 2012 two fire appliances Completed line with current risk analysis and operational activity for Leeds District. at Moortown fire station with a Fire Response Unit (FRU) Change the whole- June 2011 Project The Day Crew Close Call crewing system has been successfully October time duty system at Completed implemented, delivering the required efficiencies and response times 2012 Castleford fire remain good and relative to the risk area. The project also incorporated station from alterations to the fire station to deliver a shared facility with West Yorkshire Wholetime Shift to Police, which is working well. Day Crewing (Close Call)
130 Remove one of the December 2012 Project The second appliance at Stanningley has been replaced with the FRU January two fire appliances Completed transferred from Moortown, providing cover for Leeds District and 2013 from Stanningley surrounding areas. The FRU provides an effective response to lower and replace it with priority calls, including small fires, ensuring that front line fire engines are the FRU from available for more serious incidents, training and community safety activity. Moortown. Remove one of the December 2012 Project The provision of one fire appliance at Keighley is now appropriate to the February two fire appliances Completed levels of risk and activity in the area and is delivering the required 2013 at Keighley fire efficiencies. A Resilience pump is also available at Keighley should this be station needed and can be brought into service very quickly. Replace a fire December 2012 Project This second FRU was introduced in 2013 and is successfully achieving its March 2013 appliance at Completed objective of ensuring other life-saving resources remain available for more Fairweather Green serious incidents in Bradford District and surrounding areas. fire station with a FRU Remove one of the December 2012 Project The provision of one fire appliance at Odsal is now appropriate to the levels March 2013 two fire appliances Completed of risk and activity in the area and is delivering the required efficiencies. at Odsal fire station Close Marsden fire December 2012 Project Holme Valley Mountain Rescue have recently purchased the fire station April 2013 station Completed and now operate from the site.
Replace a fire June 2011 Project The CARP is now fully operational at Bradford fire station following the November appliance and an Completed training of personnel, providing a flexible and cost effective emergency 2013 aerial ladder response and high reach firefighting and rescue capability. platform at Bradford fire station with a CARP Change the whole- December 2012 Project The Day Crewing system has been successfully implemented at Morley January time duty system at Completed and is providing emergency response and community safety activity 2014 Morley fire station appropriate to the risk profile for the area. from Wholetime Shift to Day Crewing Change the whole- December 2012 Project The Day Crewing system has been successfully implemented at Garforth February time duty system Completed and is providing emergency response and community safety activity 2014 from Wholetime appropriate to the risk profile for the area. Shift to Day Crewing at Garforth
131 Remove one of the December 2012 Project The second fire appliance at Halifax was removed ahead of schedule to September two fire appliances Completed match the establishment levels, following an unexpected increase in the 2014 at Halifax rate of leavers across West Yorkshire Replace a fire June 2011 Project The CARP is now fully operational replacing a fire appliance and aerial September appliance and an Completed ladder platform at Huddersfield. There are now four CARP’s in operation 2014 aerial ladder across West Yorkshire, providing a flexible and cost effective emergency platform at response and high reach firefighting and rescue capability. Huddersfield fire station with a CARP Build a new fire December 2011 Project The new fire station was constructed ahead of schedule and within budget January station in South Completed. and was handed over to WYFRA by the contractors on 10th November. 2015 Kirkby to replace The station has been fully operational since 16th January and an official South Elmsall and opening took place on March 3rd. The firefighters at South Kirby operate Hemsworth fire the Day Crew Close Call duty system. The old fire station at South Elmsall stations is now sold subject to contract.
Close Hemsworth December 2011 Project Hemsworth fire station closed in February 2015, without any compulsory Summer fire station Completed redundancies. An outline planning application is being prepared for the site 2015 prior to marketing for sale in order to increase its value.
Build a new fire December 2011 Project Following major problems identifying suitable land to build the new fire Project station at Menston Cancelled station in Menston, an alternative option to keep Otley Fire Station open Cancelled to replace Rawdon and change the duty system at Rawdon to Day Crewing was approved by Close Otley station December 2011 WYFRA on 17th October 2014.
Build a new fire December 2011 Project The new fire station was completed on time and within budget and became June 2015 station at Rastrick Completed fully operational on 17th June 2015. The official opening is planned for 28th to replace July. The fire station sites at Brighouse and Elland are now being Brighouse and marketed for sale with planning consent for housing development obtained Elland for Brighouse and Elland being marketed for commercial development.
132 Build a new fire December 2011 On schedule Construction of the new fire station and young firefighters facility is August 2015 station to replace progressing well and is scheduled for completion in August 2015. Planning those at Dewsbury consent for housing development on the Batley fire station site has been and Batley obtained and the current Dewsbury site is suitable for commercial development or social housing. Both sites will soon be marketed for sale.
Build a new fire December 2011 On schedule Progress on site at Killingbeck is good and construction of the new fire August 2015 station to replace station is on track for completion in early September 2015. The station and those at Gipton and young firefighters facility should be fully operational in October. The Gipton Stanks fire station site is sold subject to contract to the Leeds Community Foundation Group. An application for planning consent to develop Stanks fire station site for housing will soon be submitted before it is marketed for sale, with a social housing provider already interested in the site. Close Haworth fire December 2012 Station The fire station closed on December 31st and the Authority has given July 2015 station and explore closed but approval to allow the local parish councils the opportunity to develop the opportunities for an project end station into a community facility. At its meeting of the 24th April, the alternative service date Authority Community Safety Committee approved a further extension of delivery model extended time for the local community to raise the necessary funds to purchase or linked to volunteer rent the building before it is placed on the open market for sale. community services in the Worth Valley. Build a new fire December 2012 On schedule Approval was granted by WYFRA on 17th October 2014 to enter into a December station to replace land exchange deal with 'In-Communities' the social housing provider in 2017 those at Shipley Bradford. These negotiations are still underway and applications to obtain and Idle. planning consent to redevelop the Shipley and Idle sites for social housing will soon be submitted. It is currently envisaged that the new station will be operational late 2017 or early 2018.
Remove one of the December 2012 On schedule Currently planned for implementation in 2019, The timing is however 2019 two fire appliances subject to change due to other project delays or an increase in the from Hunslet fire expected number of leavers across West Yorkshire. station Build a new fire December 2012 On schedule Following an unsuccessful bid to DCLG for grant funding for a shared July 2016 station to replace facility in partnership with West Yorkshire Police (WYP) and Leeds City those at Cookridge Council, a revised collaboration project is now being developed. and Moortown Agreement in principle has been reached to build a fire and police station on a site at Weetwood and on 17th October 2014, the Authority approved purchase of the land currently owned by WYP. The implementation date
133 for the project may slip beyond July 2016 due to delays in determining WYP requirements for detailed design. Change the whole- December 2012 Project The Day Crewing system has been successfully implemented and the new May 2015 time duty system Completed fire station is complete and fully operational. An official opening took place from Wholetime on 16th July 2015. Shift to Day Crewing at Rothwell and build a new fire station on the existing Rothwell station site Replace a fire December 2012 On schedule The fifth and final CARP for WYFRS was delivered in April 2015 and December appliance and training of personnel from Leeds fire station has commenced. The new 2015 aerial ladder vehicle should be operational at Leeds before the end of 2015. platform with a CARP at Leeds station Remove one of the December 2012 On schedule To be implemented when the replacement for Ossett fire station has been September two fire appliances constructed closer to Wakefield city centre. The timing is however subject 2016 at Wakefield fire to change due to other project delays or an increase in the expected station number of leavers across West Yorkshire. Build a new fire December 2012 On schedule The contractor for the construction of the new fire station and young September station near firefighters facility has now been appointed following a competitive tender 2016 Junction 40 of M1 process. The contractors will start on site in August 2015 and the new motorway to station at Silkwood Park should be operational by September 2016. replace Ossett fire Having already purchased the land for the new fire station, the Authority is station receiving rental income from the current tenant on the site. Introduce the Day October 2014 On schedule Following the decision of the Authority on 17th October 2014 to cancel the July 2016 Crewing duty project for a new fire station at Menston to replace Rawdon and Otley, the system at Rawdon recruitment process for Day Crewing at Rawdon will soon commence. depending on the applications and how many people already live in the area, this project may take 12 to 18 months to complete.
134 Annex B
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT
Emergency Vehicles
Fire Appliance (sometimes referred to as a Pump) – A standard fire engine with four or five firefighters with equipment to deal with a wide range of emergencies including larger fires and rescues from road traffic collisions.
Resilience Pump – A standard fire appliance which is fully equipped and available for deployment but without a permanent crew. These vehicles are strategically located across West Yorkshire and can be quickly brought into use during periods of high demand, for relief purposes at protracted incidents and to cover for major training events, by recalling off duty firefighters to duty. They provide a very cost effective method of temporarily increasing the levels of resources during the rare occasions they are needed.
CARP - Combined Aerial Rescue Pump – A vehicle which has a high reach platform for firefighting and rescue combined with the capability of a standard fire engine. It replaces a standard Fire Appliance and an Aerial Ladder Platform and saves money on reduced staffing costs without loss of capability.
ALP - Aerial Ladder Platform – A high reach firefighting and rescue vehicle which is being replaced by the CARP.
FRU - Fire Response Unit – A smaller vehicle crewed by three firefighters designed to deal with small fires and other less serious incidents including grass fires, car fires, refuse fires. These incidents make up a large percentage of all incidents and using an FRU ensures that standard fire appliances are available to deal with more serious incidents and important training and community safety activities are less likely to be interrupted.
HVP - High Volume Pump. A specialist vehicle used to pump large quantities of water over long distances. Can be used during flooding and also to supply water for firefighting at large fires.
Duty Systems
Wholetime Shift (sometimes referred to as 2x2x4) – where firefighters work shifts on duty to provide cover from a fire station 24 hours per day 365 days per year. Shift patterns usually consist of two 11 hour day shifts followed by two 13 hour night shifts across four different shifts or watches, supplemented by the Operations Resource Pool (see below). This duty system is suitable for areas of higher risk and activity.
Day Crewing Close Call – The same as Day Crewing but where firefighters work from the fire station during the day and are available on call at night from adjacent property provided by the Authority. Response times at these stations match Wholetime shift stations but cost much less to operate due to reduced staff numbers (approximately half). They are suitable for use in areas of lower risk and activity but where response times cannot be met using Day Crewing or RDS
Day Crewing – A duty system consisting of two watches where crews work from the fire station during the day, and provide cover on an evening from home by use of a pager alerting system. Home locations must generally be within 5 minutes travel of the station to ensure an appropriate emergency response. Suitable in areas where risk and activity are lower but where the RDS may not be suitable or practical. Response times at these stations match Wholetime shift stations during the day and match RDS stations during the night. They cost much less than wholetime shift stations to operate due to reduced staff numbers (approximately half).
135 RDS – Retained Duty System. Where firefighters are employed to be on call to provide cover from home, a workplace or from another location. Callout locations must be within 5 minutes travel from the fire station to ensure an appropriate emergency response. Most RDS firefighters have other full time employment and some are wholetime firefighters who provide RDS cover when off duty. Suitable for use in areas of very low risk and activity and are a very cost effective means of providing emergency cover.
ORP – Operations Resource Pool. A pool of firefighters employed on full time contracts who work flexibly to cover shortages primarily at Wholetime stations. This system provides an efficient method of covering absences which makes it possible to reduce the overall establishment (and cost) for crewing fire appliances.
Other Terminology
Dual (Alternate) Crew – Where operational crews primarily staff a fire appliance unless there is a demand for a specialist appliance to be crewed, for example the High Volume Pump when they transfer from the fire appliance on to the specialist vehicle. A cost effective method of mobilising vehicles with specialist equipment which is very important but where they are very rarely needed.
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