2016 “SMALLER” Engineering Schools by the Numbers

Office of Assessment, Evaluation, and Institutional Research “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers

Each year, the American Society for Engineering Education engineering schools are located at institutions (colleges (ASEE) publishes “Engineering by the Numbers,” [1] a or universities) classified as Very Small – less than 1,000 summary of national trends in engineering education based degree-seeking students, Small – those with 1,000 to 2,999 on ASEE’s annual survey of engineering and engineering degree-seeking students, and Medium - institutions with less technology schools. Due to the way data are tabulated than 5,000 full-time-equivalent enrolled students. A total of and presented, schools with the largest student enrollment, 61 engineering schools that provided data in 2016 are located the highest number of degrees awarded, and the most at institutions that fit our definition of “smaller school.” faculty members are featured most prominently. Smaller engineering schools are often missing from the document, In this report we note similarities and differences between even though many respond to the survey. smaller schools and all schools that participate in the ASEE Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology Colleges To highlight the contributions of smaller schools, ASEE now survey. The report that summarizes all schools is titled publishes an annual report, presented here, that features “Enginering by the Numbers” and the 2016 edition is available data reported by “smaller schools.” We define smaller on-line at https://www.asee.org/documents/papers-and- schools using the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of publications/publications/college-profiles/16Profile-Front- Higher Education (Carnegie Classifications, 2017). These Section.pdf. [1]

Smaller Schools Included in the 2016 Report 30 University of Evansville Very Small Schools 31 Virginia Military Institute 1 Capitol Technology University 32 Walla Walla University 2 Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art 33 West Virginia University Institute of Technology 3 Harvey Mudd College 4 Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico-Orlando Medium Schools (less than 5000 full-time equivelent 5 Sweet Briar College enrolled students) 34 Bradley University Small Schools 35 6 California Institute of Technology 36 Cedarville University 7 Christian Brothers University 37 Clarkson University 8 Citadel Military College of South Carolina 38 Fairfield University 9 Grove City College 39 10 John Brown University 40 George Fox University 11 Kettering University 41 Manhattan College 12 42 Ohio Northern University 13 Lake Superior State University 43 Roger Williams University 14 Lawrence Technological University 44 Saint Mary's University 15 LeTourneau University 45 Tuskegee University 16 Milwaukee School of Engineering 46 United States Military Academy 17 Montana Tech of the University of Montana 47 University of Bridgeport 18 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 48 University of Detroit Mercy 19 Oregon Institute of Technology 49 University of Portland 20 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 50 University of the District of Columbia 21 Saint Martin's University 51 22 Smith College 52 Valparaiso University 23 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 53 Virginia State University 24 SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry 54 Wentworth Institute of Technology 25 SUNY Polytechnic Institute 55 Western New England University 26 56 -Main Campus 27 Trine University 57 28 Trinity College 58 York College 29 Union College-Schenectady

2 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers Table of Contents

1. Degrees Awarded by Gender: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral...... 4

2. Enrollment by Gender: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral ...... 5

3. Residency Status Degrees and Enrollment: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral...... 6

4. Engineering Degrees Awarded by Discipline: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral...... 7

5. Engineering Degrees Awarded and Enrollment by Ethnicity: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral...... 9

6. Highest Engineering Bachelor’s Degrees by Discipline...... 11

7. Bachelor’s Student Enrollment-to-Faculty Ratios, 2016...... 13

8. Bachelor’s Degrees-to-Faculty Ratios, 2016...... 14

9. Spotlight on Women in Engineering...... 15

10. Number of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty...... 17

11. Percentage of Women Faculty...... 18

12. Percentage of Minority Faculty...... 19

Citations...... 20

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 3 1. Degrees Awarded by Gender: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

The graphic below presents enrollment and degrees awarded at smaller schools by gender with a focus on females. Female enrollment at the bachelor’s degree level was 18 percent; at the master’s level, 19 percent; and at the doctoral level, 25 percent. A lower percentage of women earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees at smaller schools than at engineering schools as a whole, but a higher percentage earned doctorates. The proportion of women among degree earners at all engineering schools in 2016 was 22 percent for bachelor’s degrees, 25 percent for master’s degrees, and 23 percent for doctorates.

4 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 2. Enrollment by Gender: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

Females represented a lower percentage of students enrolled in an engineering program at smaller schools than at engineering schools overall. At smaller schools, females accounted for 20 percent of students enrolled in an engineering degree program at the bachelor’s level, 22 percent at the master’s level, and 23 percent at the doctoral level. Female engineering enrollment rates for all schools were 22 percent at the bachelor’s level, 25 percent at the master’s level, and 25 percent for doctoral programs.

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 5 3. Residency Status Degrees and Enrollment: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

At smaller schools, permanent residents represented a majority of engineering degree recipients at the bachelor’s and doctoral levels, while non-resident aliens accounted for more than half of master’s degrees awarded in 2016. At the bachelor’s level, 93 percent of degrees awarded went to permanent residents while seven percent went to non-resident aliens. At the master’s level, 55 percent of degrees went to non-resident aliens and 45 percent to permanent residents. At the doctoral level, 92 percent of degrees went to permanent residents while eight percent went to non-resident aliens.

In enrollment, the ratio of permanent residents to non-resident aliens was similar to the ratio for graduates at the bachelor’s level, where 92 percent of students were permanent residents and eight percent were non-resident aliens. Among master’s-level enrollees, 23 percent were permanent residents and 77 percent were non-resident aliens. At the doctoral level, 79 percent of students were permanent residents and 21 percent were non-resident aliens. These percentages suggest that non-residents will account for a higher proportion of graduate degrees in future years than in 2016.

Smaller schools enrolled a slightly smaller proportion of non-resident aliens at the bachelor’s and master’s levels than did engineering schools overall, where non-resident aliens accounted for 10 percent of bachelor’s enrollees and 58 percent of master’s students. The graduation rate for non-resident aliens at all schools was 10 percent at the bachelor’s level and 42 percent at the master’s level. At the doctoral level, non-resident aliens accounted for 58 percent of enrollees and 55 percent of degree recipients at all schools.

6 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 4. Engineering Degrees Awarded by Discipline: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

The Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology Colleges annual survey collects data on student enrollment and degrees awarded by engineering discipline. The following three graphs show the total number of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees for smaller schools by engineering discipline. Engineering disciplines are presented in descending order according to the number of graduates. The most degrees were awarded in mechanical engineering, followed by electrical engineering at the bachelor’s and master’s levels and “other” disciplines at the doctoral level. The discipline with the least number of graduates was civil/environmental at the bachelor’s level, petroleum at the master’s level, and environmental at the doctoral level.

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 7 4. Engineering Degrees Awarded by Discipline: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

8 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 5. Engineering Degrees Awarded and Enrollment by Ethnicity: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

The following graphs present enrollment and degree attainment by ethnicity in bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs at smaller schools in 2016. The majority of students obtaining degrees were either white or unknown*. Whites were the majority of bachelor’s recipients, while at the doctoral level, more degrees were earned by students from unknown backgrounds. There were similar trends in enrollment. Compared with engineering schools as a whole, smaller schools in 2016 enrolled and awarded degrees to a higher percentage of whites and African Americans and a smaller percentage of Asian and Hispanic students.

*Note: A single smaller school, which accounted for most of the doctoral degrees and many master’s degrees awarded in 2016, reported all student race/ethnicity data as “unknown.” That explains the high proportion of “unknown” race/ethnicity at those degree levels.

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 9 5. Engineering Degrees Awarded and Enrollment by Ethnicity: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral

10 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 6. Highest Engineering Bachelor’s Degrees by Discipline

The following tables show the two engineering disciplines with the highest number of engineering bachelor’s degrees at smaller schools in 2016. For mechanical and electrical engineering, the top 25 institutions that awarded engineering bachelor’s degrees are listed for each of those disciplines.

Mechanical Engineering Bachelor’s Degrees: 25 Top Institutions, 2016

Rank Institution Degrees 1 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 184 2 Kettering University 157 3 Milwaukee School of Engineering 131 4 Clarkson University 128 5 Bradley University 86 6 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 85 7 United States Military Academy 70 8 Wentworth Institute of Technology 68 9 Manhattan College 55 10 Lawrence Technological University 53 11 Ohio Northern University 48 12 Lafayette College 46 13 University of Portland 45 14 Trine University 45 15 Valparaiso University 44 16 Western New England University 42 17 Cedarville University 41 18 Grove City College 40 19 Bucknell University 38 20 Gannon University 31 21 California Institute of Technology 29 22 Fairfield University 25 23 University of Evansville 23 24 Virginia Military Institute 19 25 West Virginia University Institute of Technology 17

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 11 6. Highest Engineering Bachelor’s Degrees by Discipline

Electrical Engineering Bachelor’s Degrees: 25 Top Institutions, 2016

Rank Institution Degrees 1 Milwaukee School of Engineering 88 2 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 50 3 Kettering University 44 4 Clarkson University 35 5 Western New England University 35 6 Bradley University 34 7 University of Portland 29 8 Lawrence Technological University 27 9 Wentworth Institute of Technology 27 10 Valparaiso University 26 11 Grove City College 23 12 Manhattan College 22 13 United States Military Academy 22 14 California Institute of Technology 20 15 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 20 16 Bucknell University 17 17 Montana Tech of the University of Montana 15 18 Wilkes University 15 19 Lake Superior State University 14 20 Ohio Northern University 14 21 Trine University 14 22 Gannon University 13 23 University of the District of Columbia 12 24 West Virginia University Institute of Technology 12 25 Cedarville University 10

12 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 7. Bachelor’s Student Enrollment-to-Faculty Ratios, 2016

The ratios of student enrollment to faculty are presented below for bachelor’s and master’s degree levels. In general, a lower enrollment-to-faculty ratio can be viewed as a pedagogical strength of smaller schools because it results in smaller class sizes and greater individual attention. Tuskegee University had the lowest student-to-faculty ratio, 3.2, and the University of Evansville ranked 20th with a student-to-faculty ratio of 18.3.

Rank Institution Enrollment-to-Faculty Ratio 1 Tuskegee University 3.2 2 George Fox University 4.1 3 Oregon Institute of Technology 4.3 4 LeTourneau University 4.5 5 Christian Brothers University 7.1 6 Saint Martin's University 8.2 7 Bucknell University 9.7 8 University of Bridgeport 10.0 9 University of Detroit Mercy 10.7 10 Swarthmore College 10.7 11 Gannon University 12.3 12 Virginia Military Institute 12.3 13 Trinity College 13.2 14 Virginia State University 14.3 15 University of the District of Columbia 15.1 16 Lake Superior State University 15.2 17 Bradley University 15.7 18 West Virginia University Institute of Technology 16.4 19 Sweet Briar College 17.5 20 University of Evansville 18.3

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 13 8. Bachelor’s Degrees-to-Faculty Ratios, 2016

The following table ranks the 20 schools with the lowest degrees-awarded-to-faculty ratio, in ascending order. Tuskegee University tops the list again with a degrees-awarded-to-faculty ratio of 0.2. Sweet Briar College ranks 20th with a degrees- awarded-to-faculty ratio of 3.0. Again, a lower ratio can be interpreted as a strength.

Rank Institution Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded-to Faculty Ratio 1 Tuskegee University 0.2 2 LeTourneau University 0.3 3 Oregon Institute of Technology 0.7 4 Saint Martin's University 0.8 5 George Fox University 1.1 6 University of Bridgeport 1.3 7 University of Detroit Mercy 1.4 8 Christian Brothers University 1.6 9 Virginia State University 1.8 10 SUNY Polytechnic Institute 1.9 11 Gannon University 2.1 12 University of Evansville 2.2 13 Bucknell University 2.3 14 Virginia Military Institute 2.4 15 West Virginia University Institute of Technology 2.4 16 University of the District of Columbia 2.7 17 Lake Superior State University 2.7 18 Wilkes University 2.7 19 Harvey Mudd College 2.9 20 Sweet Briar College 3.0

14 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 9. Spotlight on Women in Engineering

The following two tables show the proportion of women among bachelor’s degree recipients at smaller schools in 2016. The first table ranks the top 20 schools according to the percentage of women among degree recipients. The second table ranks the top 20 institutions according to the total number of degrees awarded to both women and men, and includes corresponding data on the number and percentage of degrees earned by women.

Top 20 Small Schools Awarding Bachelor’s Degrees to Females

Rank Institution Total Bachelor’s Total Bachelor’s Bachelor’s Degree Degrees Degrees Awarded Awarded to Females Awarded to Females as Percent of Total 1 Sweet Briar College 6 6 100% 2 Harvey Mudd College 60 25 42% 3 Swarthmore College 25 10 40% 4 University of Detroit Mercy 27 10 37% 4 Bucknell University 156 57 37% 6 Smith College 33 33 100% 7 California Institute of Technology 147 45 31% 8 Saint Mary's University 37 11 30% 9 LeTourneau University 7 2 29% 10 Saint Martin's University 15 4 27% 11 Union College-Schenectady 114 29 25% 12 Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science 91 22 24% and Art 12 John Brown University 25 6 24% 14 Lafayette College 139 32 23% 14 University of Tulsa 196 45 23% 14 University of Evansville 44 10 23% 17 SUNY College of Environmental Science and 23 5 22% Forestry 18 Widener University-Main Campus 99 21 21% 19 Manhattan College 224 45 20% 19 Lake Superior State University 35 7 20% 19 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 289 57 20% 19 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 479 94 20% 23 Trinity College 26 5 19%

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 15 9. Spotlight on Women in Engineering

Top 20 Small Schools Awarding Bachelor’s Degrees by Number of Degrees

Rank Institution Total Bachelor’s Total Bachelor’s Bachelor’s Degree Degrees Degrees Awarded Awarded to Females Awarded to Females as Percent of Total 1 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 479 94 20% 2 Milwaukee School of Engineering 407 71 17% 3 Clarkson University 403 72 18% 4 Wentworth Institute of Technology 355 42 12% 5 United States Military Academy 341 34 10% 6 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 289 57 20% 7 Kettering University 268 47 18% 8 Manhattan College 224 45 20% 9 Montana Tech of the University of Montana 212 36 17% 10 Bradley University 197 33 17% 11 University of Tulsa 196 45 23% 12 Bucknell University 156 57 37% 13 California Institute of Technology 147 45 31% 14 Lafayette College 139 32 23% 15 University of Portland 131 24 18% 16 Trine University 125 18 14% 17 Citadel Military College of South Carolina 120 6 5% 18 Lawrence Technological University 119 11 9% 19 Western New England University 117 21 18% 20 Union College-Schenectady 114 29 25%

16 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 10. Number of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty

The table below presents the number of tenured and tenure-track engineering faculty members at smaller schools. Rose-Hulman had the most tenured and tenure-track faculty members with 112, followed by California Institute of Technology with 101. The total number of tenured and tenure-track faculty reported by the top 25 smaller schools was 1,702. The total number of tenured and tenured-track faculty reported by all engineering schools (including smaller schools) was 29,308. The top 25 smaller schools’ faculty make up about 6 percent of all faculty members reported.

Rank Institution Number of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty 1 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 112 2 California Institute of Technology 101 3 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 94 4 Milwaukee School of Engineering 77 5 Clarkson University 72 6 Bucknell University 68 7 Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico-Orlando 59 8 Kettering University 55 9 Oregon Institute of Technology 49 10 Bradley University 46 10 Montana Tech of the University of Montana 46 12 Manhattan College 44 13 Wentworth Institute of Technology 41 14 University of Tulsa 38 15 Lafayette College 34 16 Tuskegee University 33 17 Western New England University 33 18 Gannon University 30 19 University of the District of Columbia 29 20 Lawrence Technological University 25 21 University of Portland 24 22 Virginia Military Institute 24 23 Citadel Military College of South Carolina 24 24 Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art 24 25 West Virginia University Institute of Technology 23 TOTAL FOR ALL SMALLER SCHOOLS 1,702 TOTAL FOR ALL SCHOOLS 29,308

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 17 11. Percentage of Women Faculty

The following table ranks the top 20 engineering colleges according to the percentage of tenured and tenure-track faculty members in 2016 who were female. The school with the highest percentage was Capitol Technology University (67 percent), followed by Smith College (63 percent). Norwich University (19 percent) and Oregon Institute of Technology (18 percent) were the institutions from the top 20 with the lowest percentage of female faculty. The table also shows each school’s percentage of faculty members from racial and ethnic groups that are under-represented in engineering (African American, Hispanic, Native American or Native Hawaiian).

Rank Institution Percentage Under-Represented Groups Percentage 1 Capitol Technology University 67% 0% 2 Smith College 63% 0% 3 Sweet Briar College 50% 0% 4 University of Bridgeport 39% 0% 5 Fairfield University 30% 10% 5 Union College-Schenectady 30% 5% 7 Roger Williams University 29% 0% 7 Harvey Mudd College 29% 5% 9 University of the District of Columbia 28% 24% 10 Gannon University 27% 10% 11 Bucknell University 25% 7% 12 Wentworth Institute of Technology 24% 0% 12 Virginia State University 24% 29% 14 Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico- 22% 93% Orlando 14 Kettering University 22% 9% 14 Widener University-Main Campus 22% 39% 17 Tuskegee University 21% 33% 17 University of Portland 21% 8% 17 Lafayette College 21% 6% 17 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 21% 7% 18 Lawrence Technological University 20% 0% 19 Norwich University 19% 6% 20 Oregon Institute of Technology 18% 8%

18 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 12. Percentage of Minority Faculty

The table below ranks smaller schools according to the percentage of faculty who were from racial/ethnic groups that are under- represented in engineering (African American, Hispanic, Native America or Native Hawaiian). Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico-Orlando had the highest (93 percent), followed by Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology (60 percent) and Widener University-Main Campus (39 percent). The institutions from the top 20 with the lowest percentage of under-represented faculty were Bucknell University (7 percent), the University of Portland (8 percent), and Oregon Institute of Technology (8 percent). The percentage of women among tenured and tenure-track faculty are also included for each institution.

Rank Institution Women Percentage Under-Represented Groups Percentage 1 Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico-Orlando 22% 93% 2 Vaughn College of Aeronautics and 0% 60% Technology 3 Widener University-Main Campus 22% 39% 4 Tuskegee University 21% 33% 5 Virginia State University 24% 29% 6 University of the District of Columbia 28% 24% 7 Saint Martin's University 0% 22% 8 Trinity College 0% 20% 9 Citadel Military College of South Carolina 13% 17% 10 University of Tulsa 16% 16% 11 Saint Mary's University 8% 15% 11 University of Detroit Mercy 15% 15% 13 Fairfield University 30% 10% 13 Gannon University 27% 10% 15 New Mexico Institute of Mining and 13% 9% Technology 15 Kettering University 22% 9% 15 Bradley University 13% 9% 18 University of Portland 21% 8% 18 Oregon Institute of Technology 18% 8% 20 Bucknell University 25% 7%

“Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers 19 Citations

[1] American Society for Engineering Education. (2017) “Engineering by the Numbers,” as contained in Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology. Washington, DC. ©2017 American Society for Engineering Education. Retrieved from https://www.asee.org/documents/papers-and- publications/publications/college-profiles/16Profile-Front-Section.pdf.

[2] Carnegie Classifications. (2017). Carnegie Classifications Home Page. Retrieved fromhttp://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/

Created by: Austin Ryland Senior Research Associate

Daodao Wang Research Analyst

Assessment, Evaluation & Institutional Research American Society for Engineering Education

For questions or comments please contact: Brian Yoder Director Assessment, Evaluation & Institutional Research American Society for Engineering Education [email protected] or 202-331-3535

20 “Smaller” Engineering Schools by the Numbers