Index

aa index, 45, 289, 290 Low-latitude, 303 AE index, 289, 290 Maories, 294 , G.B., 34 Mithology, 293–295 Ak index, 289 Norway, 313 Al-Battani, 191, 224 Sweden, 313 Al-Biruni, 191 Valencia, 304 Al-Hazen, 104 Vermont, 305 Al-Kindi, 74 Auzout, A., 127, 237 Alischer, J.L., 350, 351 Avempace, 75 Almeida, T., 365 Averroes, 74, 75 Alpetragius, 251 Avicenna, 74 Alzate, J.A., 136, 268, 364 Amp´ere, A. M., 283 Babylonia, 57, 185, 186, 188, 197, 198, 295, 297 Anaxagoras, 58, 59 Bacon, R., 104 Antarctica, 294 Baily beads, 180 Apollo, 301 Barberini, M., 116 Appleton, E., 46 Ben Gerson, L., 224 Aragam, C., 294 Bentley, W., 305 Aratus, 59 Bion, N., 129 Argoli, A., 362 Birkeland, K., 310 Aristarchus, 221, 228 Black drop effect, 265 Aristotle, 298 Blamire, S., 293 Astrolabe, 229 Bliss, N., 264 Astrology, 68, 184, 190, 192, 202, 303 Boller, W., 313 Audiffredi, G., 264 , P., 238, 305 Aurora, 45, 291 Bourne, W., 107 Bible, 295, 296 Brahe, T., 224, 225, 231 Catalogues, 312 Brunner, W., 341 China, 96 Burns, R., 293 Eskimos, 293 Iberia, 315 Camera obscura, 59, 104, 112, 122, 124, Japan, 292, 314 224, 225, 358, 360–362 Korea, 96, 97, 314 Carrington, R., 37, 311, 312

377 378 Index

Cassini, J.D., 226 China, 192, 202 Cassius Dio, 299 Earth rotation, 195 Castelli, B., 123 Egypt, 202 Celsius, A., 308 Greece, 222 Cesi, F., 117 Solar diameter, 234 Chappe, J.B., 262, 268 Spain, 208 Chevalier, S., 139 Empedocles, 298 Chevallier, T., 137, 351 Eskimos, 293 Chromosphere , 298 Chromospheric network, 27, 203 Eye, 59–64, 68, 74, 84, 96, 117, 152, Plages, 27 191, 196 Spectral lines, 26 Eyepieces, 16, 107 Cigoli, L., 116, 120 Ezekiel, 295, 297 Clavius, C., 115, 193, 235 Collegio Romano, 115, 150, 235 Fabricius, J., 111 Comet, 68, 70, 189, 192, 203, 208, 210, Faculae, 13, 337 211, 298, 299, 362 Faraday, M., 283 Compass, 279, 282 Fearnley, C.F., 150 Cook, J., 265, 305 Fenyi, G., 152 Corona Ferguson, J., 261 Coronal holes, 30, 289, 316 Ferrer, J.J., 208 Coronal loops, 30 Filters, 58, 63, 68, 82, 124, 137 Coronal mass ejections, 41, 208, 289 Fink, J.G., 351 General parameters, 2 Fizeau, L., 138 Coulomb, C., 283 Flamsteed, J., 130, 237, 257, 350 Crabtree, W., 237, 360, 361 Flare, 39, 311, 312, 322 Cysat, J.B., 112, 131, 148, 252 Flaugergues, H., 341, 353 Foerster, W., 310 Da Vinci, L., 103 Fogel, M., 351 Dalton minimum, 314, 315, 319, 321, Fourier analysis, 19 322, 365 Fourier, J.B., 19 Danti, E., 225 Franklin, B., 309 De la Rue, W., 347 Fraunhofer, J., 5 Delisle, J.N., 250, 259, 260 French Revolution, 354 Derfflinger, T., 349 Frisius, G., 104 Derham, W., 129 Fritz, H., 312, 313 Deslandres, H., 34 Frobesius, 312 Diamond ring, 180 Dixon, J., 268 Galilei, G., 76, 107, 114, 119, 143, 239, Dollond, J., 238, 266 307, 361 Dopplermayr, J.G., 257 Gascoigne, W., 236 Draper, J.W., 138 Gassendi, P., 122, 252, 307, 360, 361, Dst index, 290 363 Gauss, C.F., 46, 283 Eclipse, 57, 61, 67, 68, 70, 175, 234 Gautier, A., 311 Eclipses Gemma, C., 297 Africa, 204 Geomagnetic declination, 281, 283–285, Atlantic, 204 308 Catalogues, 182 Geomagnetic inclination, 281, 283 Index 379

Gilbert, W., 279 Jacob staff, 224 Global Positioning System, 49 Jupiter, 292 Graham, G., 240, 308 Gray, S., 149, 150, 311 , J., 106, 107, 112, 122, 225, 253, , Ch., 265 362 Gregory of Tours, 307 Kirch, G., 131, 312 Grienberger, C., 115, 123 Kircher, A., 122 Gualterotti, R., 77 Kirchhoff, R., 5 Guiducci, M., 119 Koeckelenbergh, A., 341 Koegler, 358 Hahn, 351 Kp index, 289, 290 , G.E., 34 Krakatau, 353 Hall, C.M., 22 Hallerstein, 358 La Hire, P., 127, 232, 350 Laki, 353 , E., 235, 240, 307–309 Lalande, J., 154, 265, 352 Hamilton, J.A., 269 , J.H., 64 Harriot, T., 109 , 311 Hartland Observatory, 289 Langley, S., 147 Heaviside, O., 46 Lievog, E., 133, 353 Heliocentrism, 119 Limb darkening, 5 Heliometer, 238 , F., 313, 316 Hell, M., 365, 366 Livy, 299 Herschel, J., 5, 137 Locke, J., 61 Herschel, W., 42, 79, 134, 143, 146, 271, , N., 34 350 Lorentz, H.A, 48 Hevelius, J., 126, 240, 255, 256, 350 Lovering, J., 312, 313 HILDCAAs, 289 Lowe, E.J., 312 Hiorter, O., 308 , P., 153 Hipparcus, 222 Hodgson, R., 150, 311 Maestlin, M., 225, 229 Hornsby, T., 266 Magnetopause, 287 Horrebow, C., 133, 339, 349, 350, 353, Magnetosheath, 287 358 Magnetosphere, 286, 287, 289 Horrocks, J., 237, 253, 351, 358, 360, Magnetotail, 287 361 Mairan, J., 305, 307–309, 312 Howlett, F., 138, 155 Malapert, C., 131 , W., 34, 145 Manfredi, E., 361 Hughes, T., 314, 322, 323 Maories, 293 Humboldt, A., 45, 68, 283, 309, 338, 339 Marconi, G., 46 Huxham, J., 359 Marius, S., 123 , C., 16, 149, 237, 239, 256 Maskelyne, N., 264 Mason, C., 264 Ibn Hayyan, 76 minimum, 302, 307, 316, 317, Ibn Yunus, 191, 195 319, 322, 357, 361, 368 Io, 292 Maunder, A., 80 Ionosphere, 46, 288, 289 Maunder, E.W., 80 Islam, 303 Maya, 67, 78 Isotopes, 39, 317, 337 Mayer, T., 234 380 Index

Medieval maximum, 317 Oersted, H. C., 283 Medieval minimum, 317 Optical depth, 7 Mercury, 243, 246, 251 Optical Transfer Function, 20 Messier, C., 269 Ovalle, A., 305, 306 Microflares, 40 Modulation Transfer Function, 18, 20, Pastorff, J.W., 136, 350 25 Pereira, 358 Moon, 138, 175, 204 Perovius, S., 131 Mouton, G., 232 Peters, C., 369 Photosphere Naked-eye sunspots Faculae, 13, 137, 147 China, 58, 68–70, 97 Granulation, 7, 143 Dawson, 82 Sunspots, 8 Galileo, 76 Picard, J., 127, 231, 350, 351 Herschel, W., 79 Pigott, E., 270 Korea, 69, 70, 72, 77 Pilgram, 312 Maunder, E.W., 80 Planetary transits Russia, 76 Earth, 272 Winthrop, 80 Mercury, 253 Neptune, 292 Mercury 1631, 252 , I., 4, 61, 122, 125, 224 Mercury 1651, 255 Nunes, P., 236 Mercury 1661, 256 Mercury 1677, 256 Obsequens, 299 Mercury 1710, 257 Observatories Mercury 1740, 258 Beijing, 302 Mercury 1743, 259 Bologna, 264 Mercury 1769, 268 Brussels, 36, 342 Mercury 1782, 269 Camberra, 289 Mercury 1786, 270 Cape of Good Hope, 137 Mercury 1802, 271 Coimbra, 285 Venus 1639, 253 G¨ottingen, 234 Venus 1761, 260 Kanzelhohe, 163 Venus 1769, 265 Kew, 347 Pliny, 294 Lick, 211 Poggendorf, J. C., 283 Madrid, 150 Poincar´e, H., 310 Mt. Wilson, 162 Point Spread Function, 18, 265 Oslo, 150 Praetorius, J., 315 Paris, 129, 165 , R., 272 Pic du Midi, 35 Prominences, 28, 203 Potsdam, 161 Ptolemy, 220, 222, 231 Rome, 164 Pupil, 59, 63 Royal Greenwich Observatory, 233, 324, 347 Ramsden, J., 16, 237 San Fernando, 194, 235, 268 Rayleigh, 62 San Miguel Argentina, 350 Regiomontanus, 193 Valencia, 347 Respighi, L., 150 Z¨urich, 341, 342, 349 Retina, 59–61 Odyssey, 188 Retinopathy, 61 Index 381

Rheita, A., 124 Staudacher, J.C., 133, 341, 353, 364 Riccioli, G.B., 226, 232, 253, 350 Sturmer, 351 Rico Sinobas, 315, 322, 323 Sun Rieger periodicity, 323 Chromosphere, 2, 25 Rittenhouse, D., 268 Convection zone, 2 Roemer, O., 232, 257 Core, 2, 136 Rost, 350 Photosphere, 2 Royal Greenwich Observatory, 233, 324, Radiative zone, 2 346–349 Rotation, 37, 119, 156 Rubenson, R., 313 Solar wind, 32, 287, 291 Ruiz, J., 84 Total irradiance, 3, 42, 346 –McPherron effect, 290, 291 Transition region, 2 Ultraviolet, 35, 46 Sabine, E., 290, 311 Sun-climate, 42 Saint-Cloud, G., 224 Sundials, 239 San Petronio Bologna, 226 Sunspot number Saturn, 292 American, 344 Savery, S., 238 Group, 338, 342, 349, 350, 352, Saxonius, P., 120 354–357, 360, 363, 366, 368 Scheiner, C., 59, 97, 112, 124, 143, 146, Hemispheric, 367, 368 148, 225, 351 Wolf, 36, 338, 341–344, 349, 350, Schickard, W., 252 355–357 , J., 350 Sunspots Schroter, J.H., 133, 351 China, 365 Schultz, G., 131 Discovery, 108 Schulze, H., 315 Light bridges, 147 Schwabe, S., 36, 68, 138, 311, 338–341, Magnetic field, 12, 37 348 Naked-eye, 67 Schwarzenbrunner, 349 Penumbra, 146 , A., 146, 151 Umbral dots, 10 Seeing, 23 Supergranulation, 8, 27 Seneca, 298 Sextant, 224 Tachocline, 2 Shakerley, J., 255 Tambora, 353 Short, J., 238, 264, 312 Tarde, J., 118 SIDC, 36, 342, 343 Telescope Siverus, H., 351 Aberrations, 21 Sizzi, F., 120 Basic optics, 16 Snake, 294 Galileo, 115 Soemmering, S.T., 351 Invention, 107 Solar cycle, 36, 133 Kepler, 107 Solar diameter, 222, 247 Theophrastus, 58 Solar wind, 32, 286, 287, 289, 290, 316 Thermosphere, 43 Souciet, E., 359 Titan, 292 Sp¨orer minimum, 302, 317, 319 Tofi˜no, V., 268 Sp¨orer, G., 37, 138, 350 Tooke, C., 110 Space weather, 49 Tousey, R., 35 St¨omer, C., 287, 309 Trigonometry, 220 Stancarius, V.F., 350 Triton, 292 382 Index

Trouvelot, E.L., 140 Wassenius, B., 203 Weickmann, C., 351 Ulloa, A., 204, 305 Weigel, E., 351 Uranus, 292 Welser, M., 112, 116 Wilson effect, 153 Van Allen belts, 287 Wilson, A., 352 Vassari, G., 117 Winthrop J., 259 Venus, 71, 74, 78, 197, 243, 245, 358 Winthrop, J., 80, 258 Vermeer, J., 106 Wolf, C., 307, 308 Virgil, 59 Wolf, J.R., 36, 311, 313, 339–344, 348, Von Megenberg, K., 298 350, 358, 365 Vulcan, 251 Wolfer, A., 341, 342 Wollaston, W., 4 Wagner, R.C., 307 Worcester, J., 74, 96 Waldmeier effect, 357 Waldmeier, M., 9, 30, 341 Zanotti, E., 226, 264 Recently Published in the ASSL series

Volume 361: The Sun Recorded Through History, by J. M. Vaquero and M. Vazquez.´ 978-0-387-92790-9, April 2009 Volume 360: ThePrinciplesofAstronomicalTelescopeDesign, by Jingquan Cheng. 978-0-387-88790-6, February 2009 Volume 354: Sirius Matters, by Noah Brosch 978-1-4020-8318-1, March 2008 Volume 353: Hydromagnetic Waves in the Magnetosphere and the Ionosphere, by Leonid S. Alperovich, Evgeny N. Fedorov. Hardbound 978-1-4020-6636-8 Volume 352: Short-Period Binary Stars Observations, Analyses, and Results, edited by Eugene F. Milone, Denis A. Leahy, David W. Hobill. Hardbound ISBN: 978-1-4020-6543-9, September 2007 Volume 351: High Time Resolution Astrophysics, edited by Don Phelan, Oliver Ryan, Andrew Shearer. Hardbound ISBN: 978-1-4020-6517-0, September 2007 Volume 350: Hipparcos, the New Reduction of the Raw Data, by Floor van Leeuwen. Hardbound ISBN: 978-1-4020-6341-1 Volume 349: Lasers, Clocks and Drag-Free Control, Exploration of Relativistic Gravity in Space, edited by Dittus, Hansjorg;¨ Lammerzahl,´ Claus; Turyshev, Slava. Hardbound ISBN: 978-3-540-34376-9 Volume 348: The Paraboloidal Reflector Antenna in Radio Astronomy and Communication, Theory and Practice, edited by Baars, Jacob W.M. Hardbound ISBN: 978-0-387-69733-8 Volume 347: The Sun and Space Weather, edited by Hanslmeier, Arnold. Hardbound ISBN: 978-1-4020-5603-1 Volume 346: Exploring the Secrets of the Aurora, edited by Akasofu, Syun-Ichi. Softcover ISBN: 978-0-387-45094-0 Volume 345: Canonical Perturbation Theories, Degenerate Systems and Resonance, edited by Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio. Hardbound ISBN: 978-0-387-38900-4 Volume 344: Space Weather: Research Toward Applications in Europe, edited by Jean Lilensten. Hardbound 1-4020-5445-9 Volume 343: Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy: volume 7, edited by A. Heck. Hardbound 1-4020-5300-2 Volume 342: The Astrophysics of Emission Line Stars, edited by Tomokazu Kogure, Kam-Ching Leung. Hardbound ISBN: 0-387-34500-0 Volume 341: Plasma Astrophysics, Part II: Reconnection and Flares, edited by Boris V. Somov. Hardbound ISBN: 0-387-34948-0 Volume 340: Plasma Astrophysics, Part I: Fundamentals and Practice, by Boris V. Somov. Hardbound ISBN 0-387-34916-9, September 2006 Volume 339: Cosmic Ray Interactions, Propagation, and Acceleration in Space Plasmas, by Lev Dorman. Hardbound ISBN 1-4020-5100-X, August 2006

For other titles see www.springer.com/astronomy