PMSP FOR TOMATO IN THE SOUTHEAST REGION

SOURCE

Title PMSP for Tomato in the Southeast Region Report URL https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/source_report.cfm?view=yes&sourceid=1383 Type Pest Management Strategic Plan Source Date 07/06/2018 Workshop Date Settings Tomato Region Southern States Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia Contacts Inga Meadows, North Carolina State University, [email protected], (828) 456-3943 Danesha Seth Carley, North Carolina State University, [email protected] Contributors Zachariah Hansen, University of Tennessee Katherine Jennings, North Carolina State University Anthony Keinath, Clemson University Joseph Kemble, Auburn University Frank Louws, North Carolina State University Robert (Craig) Mauney, North Carolina State University Emily Pfeufer, University of Kentucky Mark Reiter, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University (Virginia Tech) Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris, Clemson University Edward Sikora, Auburn University Raghuwinder Singh, Louisana State University Hugh Smith, University of Florida Rick Snyder, Mississippi State University Amanda Strayer-Scherer, North Carolina State University Annette Wszelaki, University of Tennessee

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Pest Management Strategic Plans (PMSP) outline priorities for research, outreach, and regulation activities. The most recent PMSPs for tomato covering states in the Southeast region are a decade old (Southern IPM Center, 2007; Riley et al., 2007). As needs and priorities change over time, an update to these PMSPs was overdue. Therefore, we set out to prepare a PMSP for tomato covering the Southeast region including Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY), Tennessee (TN), North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), Alabama (AL), Mississippi (MS), Louisiana (LA), Arkansas (AR), Georgia (GA), and Florida (FL).

Tomatoes are susceptible to various diseases and insect pests. This document outlines the major and minor insects, pathogens, and weeds that can impact tomato production in the southeastern United States. For each pest, the current biological, cultural, and chemical controls are provided where they apply. These three types of controls should be implemented for integrated pest management strategies. Management of tomato diseases requires the integration of resistant cultivars and a preventative spray program. For effective insect and weed control, the timing of spray application(s) is critical.

This document addresses the current pests of tomato for commercial tomato production in the southeastern United States. Information in this document was compiled from various sources including handbooks, extension publications, and previous PMSPs for tomato. A workshop was held on January 11, 2018 in Savannah, GA at the Southeastern Fruit and Vegetable Expo where extension and research specialists, industry representatives, regulatory personnel, and growers provided feedback on the pests and management strategies discussed in this document. This PMSP provides the cultural practices for conventional fresh market tomato production, as well as the pests, diseases, and weeds of tomatoes that are problematic for growers in the southeast. The priorities stated in this document were a result of discussion at the workshop and need to be addressed for tomato production in the southeast.

Key Pests

Insects

Aphids (Myzus spp.) Armyworms (Spodoptera spp.) Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) Corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) Hornworm (Manduca spp.) Potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris) Stinkbugs Thrips Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) Tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella) Whiteflies

Pathogens

Alternaria black molds / stem cankers (Alternaria spp.) Anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) Bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis pv. michiganensis) Bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas spp.) Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) Corynespora leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola) Early blight (Alternaria linariae) Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) Gray leaf spot (Stemphylium spp.) Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) Leaf mold (Passalora fulva) Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora nicotianae) Sclerotinia timber rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici) Southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) Tomato pith necrosis (Pseudomonas mediterranea) Tomato spotted wilt virus (Tospovirus TSWV) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) (Begomovirus TYLCV) Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae)

Weeds

Broadleaf signalgrass (Urochloa platyphylla) Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Corn spurry (Spergula arvensis) Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) Curly dock (Rumex crispus) Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum) Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata) Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Morning-glory (Ipomoea spp.) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) Primrose, cutleaf evening (Oenothera laciniata) Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Pusley (Richardia scabra) Ragweed –common (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Nematodes

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.)

Mites

Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.)

CROPS/SETTINGS

Description

Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is a member of the Solanaceae family which also includes pepper, eggplant, Irish potato, and tobacco. The optimum day and night temperatures for growing tomatoes are 70 to 85 deg F and 65 to 70 deg F, respectively. Temperatures beyond these ranges can have a negative impact on fruit set and quality. Tomatoes are sensitive to frost at any stage of development and prolonged exposure to temperatures of 32-50 deg F negatively affect seed germination, vegetative growth, fruit ripening, and fruit quality. Plants are grown from seeds and are usually transplanted to the field as a seedling. Most tomatoes grown commercially are determinate or "bushy" varieties, which have a genetically determined period of flowering and fruit development. Many commercially grown tomatoes are hybrids, meaning they are the product of breeding two genetically distinct parents. Heirloom and greenhouse tomatoes are typically indeterminate varieties, that flower and develop fruit throughout the life cycle of the plant (season-long). Most harvested varieties in the field require 75 days from transplant to first harvest and are harvested for several weeks.

Tomatoes require warm weather and prefer well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0-6.5, and full sunlight. Various soil types are conducive for tomato production. Deep, medium textured sandy loam or loamy, fertile, well-drained soils are optimal for tomato production. Proper tillage is critical for root growth and development and the moldboard (bottom or turning) plow is encouraged to prepare the soil for seedling transplant establishment. Discing should be avoided after plowing as this will re-compact the soil, but roto-tilling will help to prepare a smooth planting bed. Several factors should be considered when selecting the proper planting site. Sites with poor drainage or that have had solanaceous crops grown previously within 3-4 years should be avoided. Optimal sites have good air movement and are free from problem weeds. Any plants or plant residue discing or mowing should be done 6 to 8 weeks before planting.

Tomato transplants are usually set in a raised bed covered with plastic mulch and watered using drip irrigation. The raised beds covered with a plastic mulch warm up sooner than bare soil in the spring and allows for earlier planting. Raised beds also facilitate drainage and keep the plants out of waterlogged soils with poor drainage.

Crop Cycles Per Year 0

PRIORITIES

Priorities for Research, Extension/Outreach, and Regulatory activities were determined and agreed upon by the participants at the Workshop. Suggestions that were provided by individuals who could not attend also were included and agreed upon by the participants. These priorities are intended to guide agencies that provide these activities including federal agricultural and environmental agencies, various universities, and state extension personnel.

Pest Crop Category Rank Pest Priority Type Stage Education 0 Provide all recommendations for pest management in electronic database to be updated as needed; continue to update and disseminate the Southeastern Vegetable Crop handbook and similar publications in hard-copy and electronic formats Education 0 Provide more comprehensive pest management programs integrating biopesticides Education 0 Continue to provide brief pest and disease fact sheets Education 0 Provide nutrient management plans for tomato production Education 0 Educate the public on emerging technologies Education 0 Educate growers and commodity groups on emerging technologies Education 0 Continue to disseminate the most current pest management information Education 0 Insects Continue to educate growers on environmental population dynamics and how the use of certain products may affect or increase populations of other insect pests Education 0 Insects Educate growers on product rotation to prevent resistance issues in armyworm species (beet, fall, and southern) (Spodoptera spp.) Education 0 Insects Educate growers on management of insecticide application practices to prevent resistance in two-spotted spider mites, thrips, and whiteflies Education 0 Insects Educate growers to prevent over-use of broad spectrum insecticides that are causing a decline in populations of beneficial insects Education 0 Insects Provide education on and emphasize early detection of thrips and mites for effective control Education 0 Pathogens Educate growers on importance of preventative applications for effective control of early blight (Alternaria linariae), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici), target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), and other foliar pathogens Education 0 Weeds Educate growers on herbicide application practices to prevent resistance Education 0 Weeds Emphasize the importance of the application timing of herbicides for annual grass control Education 0 Weeds Inform growers of potential risks from spray drift and conditions under which herbicide volatilization occurs Education 1 Insects Alternaria black molds / Provide lists of active ingredients with corresponding generic trade names stem cankers Regulatory 0 Allow or develop smaller quantities of commercially-used products for small acreage farms to encourage pesticide rotation for resistance management Regulatory 0 Standardize pesticide labels, including the name and placement, of the pre-harvest interval Regulatory 0 Continue to register effective materials that are acceptable to the public Regulatory 0 Support the development of new fumigants as methyl bromide alternatives Regulatory 0 Maintain the registration of older broad-spectrum pesticides and critical use exemptions that are viable and safe as a rotational tool for resistance management Regulatory 0 Adopt Special Local Need and Emergency Use Exemption labels in a timely and realistic manner with respect to grower needs Regulatory 0 Establish clear and understandable pesticide label standards for enclosed cabs Regulatory 0 Clarify the standards for post-harvest sanitation practices in regards to chlorine (free, total, and available) Regulatory 0 Insects Register effective products for the brown-marmorated stink bug and other stink bugs Regulatory 0 Insects Register effective products for stink bugs in Arkansas and other states where effective products aren't labeled Regulatory 0 Insects Register effective miticides Regulatory 0 Insects Regain the registration of endosulfin Regulatory 0 Pathogens Corynespora leaf spot Register fungicides for control of target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) and retain the label for thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) Research 0 Improve fumigants or develop new fumigants with better volatility and deeper penetration into the soil; identify alternatives to methyl bromide with equal efficacy Research 0 Expand research on insect-vectored plant pathogens regarding epidemiology and management (e.g. TSWV and other viruses) Research 0 Investigate thresholds and develop evaluation tools for insects, diseases, and weeds Research 0 Research the diversity of the bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum) and host (tomato) genetics for developing host resistance Research 0 Examine integrating biologicals into insecticide and fungicide programs for resistance management Research 0 Develop effective materials that are acceptable to the public (i.e. reduced-risk and IPM-friendly pesticides)

Research 0 Whiteflies Understand regional population dynamics for whiteflies

Research 0 Whiteflies Prevent potential resistance to neonicitinoids (MOA 4A) and MOA 28 insecticides. Research 0 Insects Examine double cropping for managing insect populations Research 0 Insects Whiteflies Develop better pest management strategies for adult and nymph whiteflies. Research 0 Insects Prevent the introduction and spread of Old World Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) in the southeast Research 0 Insects Develop new miticides Research 0 Insects Understand the role of insects or the major cause of gold-flecking on tomato fruit and investigate tolerance to gold-flecking among varieties Research 0 Insects Determine potential benefical outcomes of tank mixing oils and standard insecticides for insect control Research 0 Insects Develop regional models to predict outbreaks Research 0 Pathogens late blight Improve and continue to use USABlight as the eastern North American forecasting system for first arrival of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) Research 0 Pathogens Implement systems management approach for bacterial spot and bacterical speck Research 0 Pathogens Implement systems management approach for soilborne diseases, including nematodes Research 0 Pathogens Develop tomato varieties with host resistance to multiple pathogens (early blight [Alternaria linariae], late blight [Phytophthora infestans], Septoria leaf spot [Septoria lycopersici], and others)

Research 0 Pathogens Corynespora leaf spot Develop effective application and coverage methods for control of target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) and investigate the disease-fungicide interaction Research 0 Pathogens Tomato spotted wilt virus Develop TSWV resistant tomato varieties with multiple gene resistance and varieties with resistance to other viruses; improve host plant resistance Research 0 Pathogens Perform research on emerging begomoviruses and tospoviruses and their vectors Research 0 Weeds Yellow Nutsedge Develop control for purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus) under plastic Research 0 Weeds Palmer amaranth Develop good resistance management strategies to control Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Research 0 Weeds Develop control programs for parthenium (Parthenium hystophorous) in Florida

PRODUCTION PRACTICES

Tomatoes are grown on a wide range of soil types in the Southeast, from rich, silty loams in river bottoms to red clays to sand in the coastal areas. Standard production practices include fumigation, raised beds, polyethylene mulch, and drip irrigation. Rows are usually planted 5 feet apart, but this varies with equipment. Plants are usually 18 to 24 inches apart in the row. Most growers produce their own transplants. Tomatoes are staked, pruned, and tied. Most varieties are determinate, although most cherry and grape varieties are indeterminate.

Crop Varieties

Alabama: Fresh Market- Applause, Bella Rosa, BHN 589, BHN 602, BHN 640, Carolina Gold, Celebrity, Crista, Defiant PhR, Florida 47R, Mountain Glory, Mountain Magic, Mountain Majesty, Mountain Merit, Mountain Spring, Phoenix, Primo Red, Red Bounty, Red Defender, Redline, Red Morning, Red Mountain, Rocky Top, Solar Fire, Tribute; Cherry Types- Mountain Belle, Sun Gold, Sun Sugar; Grape Types- Cupid, Elfin, Golden Sunshine, Jolly Elf, Mountain Honey, Smarty; Roma Types- BHN 410, Granadero, Muriel, Picus, Plum Crimson, Plum Regal

Georgia: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, Bella Rosa, BHN 602, BHN 640, Carolina Gold, Crista, Florida 47R, Mountain Magic, Mountain Majesty, Mountain Spring, Phoenix, Red Bounty, Red Defender, Redline, Red Mountain, Solar Fire; Grape Types- Cherry Grande, Mountain Belle; Grape Types- Cupid, Elfin, Jolly Elf, BHN 410, Muriel, Plum Crimson; Roma Types- Plum Regal

Florida (south/central): Fresh Market- BHN 602, BHN 730, BHN 975, Camaro, Charger, Crista, Everglade, FL47, FL91, Grand Marshall, HM 1823, Phoenix, Raceway, Red Morning, Red Rave, Resolute, Rocky Top, Sanibel, Sebring, Skyway, Solar Fire, Soraya, Southern Ripe, SV 7631, Tasti-Lee, Volante; Plum- BHN 685, Daytona, Mariana, Monticello, Sunoma, Supremo, Tacchi; Grape Types- Amai, BHN 784, BHN 785, Jolly Girl, Sweet Hearts; Cherry Types- BHN 268, BHN 762, Camelia, Sakura, Shiren, Sweet Treats

Florida (north): Fresh Market- Amelia, Bella Rosa, BHN 602, Camaro, Crista, Everglade, Fletcher, FL 47, Grand Marshall, Quincy, Red Morning, Red Rave, Resolute, Sebring, Skyway, Southern Ripe, SV 7631, Tasti-Lee, Volante; Plum Types- BHN 685, Daytona, Mariana, Monticello, Picus, Sunoma, Supremo, Tachi; Grape Types- Amai, BHN 784, BHN 1022, Brixmore, Cupid, Jolly Girl, Smarty, Sweet Hearts, Tami- G; Cherry Types- BHN 268, BHN 762, Camelia, Shiren, Sweet Treats

Kentucky: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, BHN 602, BHN 640, Big Beef, Carolina Gold, Crista, Florida 47R, Mountain Magic, Mountain Majesty, Mountain Spring, Phoenix, Red Bounty, Red Defender, Redline, Red Mountain, Solar Fire; Cherry Types- Cherry Grande, Mountain Belle; Grape Types- Muriel, Plum Crimson; Roma Types- Plum Regal, Pony Express

Louisiana: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, Bella Rosa, BHN 602, BHN 640, Big Beef, Carolina Gold, Celebrity, Crista, Florida 47R, Florida 91, Mountain Spring, Phoenix, Red Defender, Redline, Tribute; Cherry Types- Cherry, Mountain Belle, Sun Gold; Roma- Plum Regal

Mississippi: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, Applause, Bella Rosa, BHN 589, BHN 602, BHN 640, Big Beef, Carolina Gold, Crista, Florida 47R, Florida 91, Mountain Magic, Mountain Spring, Rocky Top, Solar Fire; Cherry Types- Cherry Grande, Mountain Belle, Sun Gold; Grape Types- Jolly Elf

North Carolina: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, BHN 602, BHN 640, Big Brandy, Carbon, Carolina Gold, Celebrity, Cherokee Carbon, Crista, Defiant PhR, Florida 47R, Mountain Glory, Mountain Magic, Mountain Majesty, Mountain Merit, Mountain Spring, Phoenix, Primo Red, Rocky Top, Solar Fire, Tasti-Lee; Cherry Types- Cherry Grande, Mountain Belle, Sun Gold, Sun Sugar; Grape Types- Elfin, Jolly Elf, Mountain Honey, Smarty, BHN 410, Mariana, Plum Crimson; Roma Types- Plum Regal

South Carolina: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, BHN 602, BHN 640, Carolina Gold, Crista, Defiant PhR, Florida 47R, Mountain Magic, Mountain Majesty, Phoenix, Red Bounty, Rocky Top, Solar Fire; Cherry Types- Cherry Grande, Mountain Belle; Grape Types- Elfin, Jolly Elf, Smarty, BHN 410, Granadero, Picus; Roma Types- Plum Regal

Tennessee: Fresh Market- Amelia VR, BHN 602, BHN 640, Carolina Gold, Celebrity, Crista, Defiant PhR, Florida 47R, Florida 91, Mountain Glory, Mountain Magic, Mountain Majesty, Mountain Spring, Phoenix, Primo Red, Red Defender, Red Morning, Red Mountain; Cherry Types- Cherry Grande, Mountain Belle, Sun Gold; Grape Types- Cupid, Golden Sunshine, Jolly Elf, Mountain Honey, Smarty, BHN 410, Mariana, Muriel, Plum Crimson, Roma Types- Plum Regal, Pony Express

Virginia: Sunshine, Sunbeam, Sunbrite, Sun Leaper, Mountain Fresh, Mountain Bell, Florida 47, Florida 91, Plum Crimson, Plum Dandy, Carolina Gold, Mini Charm, Juliete

Planting

Home-grown or certified transplants of high quality that are free of disease and insect pests should be used. To minimize the risk of seedborne bacterial diseases, seed should be treated with a chlorine solution. Instructions can be found in the Southeast US Vegetable Crop Handbook. However, seed purchased from reputable seed companies may be pre-treated with chlorine. Regardless, pelleted seed or seed pre-treated with fungicides and/or inseciticides should not be treated with chlorine as this practice would remove those treatments.

Transplants should be started four to six weeks prior to desired field planting date. Harden tender tomato plants before planting in the field. This can be accomplished by reducing water and exposing them to cooler temperatures (no lower than 60-65 degrees F/day and 50-60 degrees F/night). Transplants can be hardened by moving them outside of the greenhouse to a location with some shade or by opening the sides of the greenhouse. The amount of water should be reduced, but not allowed to wilt.

Planting Dates

Alabama North Spring 4/15-6/15, Fall 7/1-8/1; Alabama South: Spring 3/1-4/30, Fall 7/15-8/15

Arkansas Spring 3/15-4/15

Florida North Fall 7/1-8/31, Spring 2/1-4/30; Florida West-central Fall 8/1-9/30, Spring 1/1-2/28; Florida South 8/1-2/28

Georgia North Spring 4/15-6/15, Fall 7/1-8/1; Georgia South Spring 3/1-4/30, Fall 7/15-8/30

Kentucky East Spring 5/15-6/1; Kentucky Central Spring 5/5-6/15; Kentucky West Spring 4/20-7/1

Louisiana North Spring 3/15-6/30, Fall 7/1-8/10; Louisiana South Spring 3/1-6/30, Fall 7/15-8/15

Mississippi North Spring 4/20-6/30; Mississippi South Spring 3/1-3/15

North Carolina East Spring4/15-5/10, Fall 8/1-8/15; North Carolina West Spring 5/15-7/15

SC Coastal Island Spring 3/1-4/30, Fall 7/1-7/15, South Carolina East Spring 3/15-4/30, Fall 7/1-7/15; SC West Spring 5/1-6/30

Tennessee East Spring 5/1-6/30; Tennessee West Spring 4/20-6/20

Virginia Spring 4/15-5/31

Cultural Practices

Most field-grown tomatoes are staked and strung on raised beds with plastic mulch and drip irrigation.

Plastic Mulch and Drip Irrigation

Typically, plastic mulch is used on top of raised-dome shaped beds with drip irrigation tape underneath the mulch. Black plastic mulch warms the soil early in the season. For late season plantings and in temperatures greater than 85 degrees F, white or white on black plastic mulch is sometimes used to help cool the soil underneath the plastic, but the transluscent nature of the the white plastic can allow weeds to grow. The raised bed prevents water and chemicals from pooling around the base of the stem. A reflective or metalized mulch can help manage early season thrips and aphid feeding delaying the possible spread of viruses by these insects. All of these mulches can help to increase yield and quality, control weeds, and conserve water by avoiding overhead irrigation.

Staking and stringing

Staking and stringing keeps foliage and fruit off the ground, improves fruit quality, and allows for uniform spraying and easier harvesting. Wooden stakes, 1 inch squared by 4 to 4.5 feet tall, are placed between every other plant, midway between them, and driven into the ground 10 to 12 inches. An additional stake is angled into the ground at the ends of the rows and tied to the other stakes to strengthen the trellis system.

Stringing is performed using the Florida Weave System with a stringing tool. The first string is placed 8 to 10 inches above the soil and tied to the end stake. The string is passed along one side of the plant and looped around each stake down the row until the end. The same method is used along the other side of the plant. Throughout the growing season, an additional string should be added every 6 to 10 inches above the preceding one. Three to four string are optimal during a growing season.

Pruning Pruning is practiced to establish a desired balance between vine growth and fruit growth. Little to no pruning results in a plant with a heavy load of smaller fruit. Moderate pruning results in fewer fruits that are larger and easier to harvest. Pruning can result in earlier maturity of the crown fruit and improves spray coverage and pest control. When and how to prune can be variety and fertility specific, but it generally occurs several times before and just after the first string or when the plants are about 12" tall.

Removing all suckers up to the one immediately below the first flower cluster is adequate for most determinate cultivars. Removing the sucker immediately below the first flower cluster can result in severe leaf curling and stunting of the plant and should be avoided.

Pruning should be done when the suckers are no more than 2 to 4 inches long. A second pruning may be required to remove suckers that were too small to be easily removed during the first pruning and to remove ground suckers that may develop. Pruning when suckers are too large requires more time and can damage the plants, delay maturity, and increase disease incidence. Pruning plants when they are wet can spread diseases, so this practice is not recommended. Pruning should be done before the first stringing because the string can slow the pruning process.

Less-vigorous determinate cultivars generally require less pruning. Growers are advised to experiment with several degrees of pruning on a small scale to determine pruning requirements for specific cultivars and cultural practices.

Harvesting

Commercially grown tomatoes for fresh market are hand-harvested and field-packed or packed in packing houses. Fruit harvested as vine-ripe should be picked at the "breaker stage" of maturity, which is when the green fruit is just starting to turn pink on the blossom end. When fruit are harvested at this stage, they are physiologically mature and will ripen naturally, producing the best quality of tomato. Harvesting every other day is sometimes necessary during peak season to ensure fruit is not over-ripe. The quality of harvest is dependent on the promptness to harvest and care in handling fruit.

Food Safety

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) should be practiced throughout harvest and handling of tomatoes. The causal agents of food-borne illnesses are spread from direct contact from infected workers or animals or by contaminated equipment or water. It is critical to train employees on proper hygiene as this is the leading source of contamination with human pathogens that cause foodborne illness. Once contaminated, foodborne illness pathogens cannot be removed; therefore, preventing contamination is the best way to reduce risk.

Water that is used in the field and in the packing house should be treated to reduce the potential for cross-contamination. Water treated with a sanitizer cannot remove all of the pathogens from a fruit that is placed in it, but it does kill the human pathogens that slough off of fruit into the water, which can prevent cross contamination.

PRODUCTION COUNTIES

Alabama Counties: Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Butler, Calhoun, Chambers, Cherokee, Chilton, Choctaw, Clarke, Clay, Cleburne, Coffee, Colbert, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Crenshaw, Cullman, Dale, Dallas, DeKalb, Elmore, Escambia, Etowah, Fayette, Franklin, Geneva, Greene, Hale, Houston, Jackson, Jefferson, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Limestone, Lowndes, Macon, Madison, Marengo, Marion, Marshall, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Perry, Pickens, Randolph, Russell, Shelby, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Walker, Washington, Wilcox, Winston

Arkansas Counties: Ashley, Benton, Boone, Bradley, Calhoun, Carroll, Chicot, Cleburne, Cleveland, Columbia, Conway, Craighead, Crawford, Crittenden, Cross, Dallas, Drew, Faulkner, Franklin, Fulton, Garland, Grant, Greene, Hempstead, Hot Spring, Howard, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Lee, Little River, Logan, Lonoke, Madison, Marion, Miller, Mississippi, Montgomery, Newton, Ouachita, Perry, Phillips, Pike, Poinsett, Polk, Pope, Prairie, Pulaski, Randolph, Saline, Searcy, Sebastian, Stone, Union, Van Buren, Washington, White, Woodruff, Yell

Florida Counties: Alachua, Baker, Bradford, Brevard, Broward, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Hardee, Hendry, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Seminole, St. Johns, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington

Georgia Counties: Appling, Atkinson, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Ben Hill, Bibb, Bleckley, Brantley, Brooks, Bulloch, Burke, Butts, Calhoun, Camden, Carroll, Catoosa, Charlton, Chatham, Chattooga, Cherokee, Clarke, Cobb, Coffee, Colquitt, Columbia, Cook, Coweta, Crawford, Crisp, Dade, Dawson, Decatur, DeKalb, Dodge, Dooly, Douglas, Echols, Effingham, Elbert, Emanuel, Fannin, Fayette, Floyd, Forsyth, Franklin, Fulton, Gilmer, Glascock, Glynn, Gordon, Grady, Greene, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Hancock, Haralson, Harris, Hart, Heard, Henry, Houston, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jenkins, Johnson, Jones, Lamar, Laurens, Lee, Long, Lumpkin, Macon, Madison, Marion, McDuffie, Meriwether, Mitchell, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Murray, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Paulding, Pickens, Pierce, Pike, Polk, Pulaski, Rabun, Randolph, Richmond, Rockdale, Screven, Seminole, Spalding, Stephens, Sumter, Taliaferro, Tattnall, Taylor, Telfair, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, Toombs, Towns, Treutlen, Troup, Turner, Twiggs, Union, Upson, Walker, Walton, Ware, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wheeler, White, Whitfield, Wilcox, Wilkes, Wilkinson, Worth

Kentucky Counties: Adair, Allen, Anderson, Ballard, Barren, Bath, Bell, Boone, Bourbon, Boyle, Bracken, Breathitt, Breckinridge, Bullitt, Butler, Caldwell, Calloway, Campbell, Carlisle, Carroll, Carter, Casey, Christian, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crittenden, Cumberland, Daviess, Elliott, Estill, Fayette, Fleming, Floyd, Franklin, Gallatin, Garrard, Grant, Graves, Grayson, Green, Greenup, Hardin, Harlan, Harrison, Hart, Henderson, Henry, Hickman, Hopkins, Jackson, Jefferson, Jessamine, Johnson, Kenton, Knox, Larue, Laurel, Lee, Lewis, Lincoln, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Mason, McCracken, McLean, Meade, Menifee, Mercer, Metcalfe, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Muhlenberg, Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio, Oldham, Owen, Owsley, Pendleton, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, Rockcastle, Rowan, Russell, Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Taylor, Todd, Trigg, Trimble, Union, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, Whitley, Woodford

Louisiana Parishes: Acadia, Allen, Ascension, Avoyelles, Beauregard, Bossier, De Soto, East Baton Rouge, East Carroll, East Feliciana, Evangeline, Franklin, Grant, Iberia, Jefferson Davis, Lafayette, Lafourche, Livingston, Natchitoches, Orleans, Plaquemines, Pointe Coupee, Rapides, Richland, St. Charles, St. James, St. Landry, St. Martin, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Tensas, Terrebonne, Union, Vermilion, Washington, Webster, West Baton Rouge, West Carroll, West Feliciana, Winn

Mississippi Counties: Adams, Alcorn, Amite, Attala, Benton, Bolivar, Calhoun, Carroll, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Claiborne, Clarke, Clay, Coahoma, Copiah, Covington, DeSoto, Forrest, Franklin, George, Greene, Grenada, Hancock, Harrison, Hinds, Holmes, Humphreys, Itawamba, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Kemper, Lafayette, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Leake, Lee, Lincoln, Lowndes, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Monroe, Montgomery, Neshoba, Newton, Noxubee, Oktibbeha, Panola, Pearl River, Perry, Pike, Pontotoc, Prentiss, Quitman, Rankin, Scott, Simpson, Smith, Stone, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, Tate, Tippah, Tishomingo, Union, Walthall, Warren, Wayne, Webster, Wilkinson, Winston, Yalobusha, Yazoo

North Carolina Counties: Alamance, Alexander, Anson, Ashe, Beaufort, Bladen, Buncombe, Burke, Cabarrus, Caldwell, Carteret, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan, Clay, Cleveland, Craven, Currituck, Davidson, Davie, Duplin, Durham, Edgecombe, Forsyth, Franklin, Gaston, Graham, Granville, Guilford, Harnett, Haywood, Henderson, Hertford, Iredell, Johnston, Lee, Lincoln, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Orange, Pender, Person, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rockingham, Rowan, Rutherford, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Swain, Transylvania, Union, Vance, Wake, Warren, Watauga, Wayne, Wilkes, Wilson, Yadkin, Yancey

South Carolina Counties: Beaufort, Charleston, Lexington, Newberry, Richland

Tennessee Counties: Bledsoe, Blount, Cheatham, Cocke, Davidson, Dickson, Dyer, Gibson, Grainger, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardeman, Haywood, Jefferson, Knox, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marion, McMinn, Monroe, Montgomery, Putnam, Rhea, Robertson, Rutherford, Sequatchie, Sevier, Shelby, Smith, Sumner, Tipton, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Weakley, Williamson, Wilson

Virginia Counties: Accomack, Albemarle, Amelia, Appomattox, Augusta, Bath, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Caroline, Carroll, Charles City, Charlotte, Chesapeake, Clarke, Culpeper, Dickenson, Dinwiddie, Essex, Fairfax, Fauquier, Floyd, Franklin, Frederick, Giles, Gloucester, Goochland, Grayson, Greene, Halifax, Hanover, Henry, Highland, Isle of Wight, James City, King and Queen, King William, Lancaster, Lee, Loudoun, Louisa, Lunenburg, Madison, Montgomery, Nelson, Northampton, Nottoway, Orange, Page, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, Prince George, Prince William, Rappahannock, Roanoke, Rockbridge, Rockingham, Scott, Shenandoah, Smyth, Southampton, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Suffolk, Surry, Sussex, Tazewell, Virginia Beach, Warren, Washington, Westmoreland, Wythe, York

PRODUCTION FACTS

Fresh-market tomato production in the southeast United States varies from state-to-state with the highest production areas (acres harvested) in Florida, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Each state's production is summarized in the table below. Data was collected from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Vegetable 205 Summary published in February 2016 and the 2012 Census of Agriculture - State Data.

State Production Fact AL AR FL GA KY LA MS NC SC TN VA US Rank (production) 12 14 1 5 21 31 24 3 7 4 10 Acres Planted 1,200 900 30,000 2,900 * * * 3,500 3,300 3,500 2,200 Acres Harvested 1,100 800 28,000 2,700 817 228 427 3,300 3,200 3,400 2,100 Yield (CWT/A) 350 190 260 340 * * * 310 270 295 295 Price ($ per CWT) 51.50 59 52.5 39.40 * * * 46 50.50 56 55 Production (CWT) 385,000 152,000 7,280,000 918,000 * * * 1,023,000 864,000 1,003,000 620,000 Production Value ($) 19,828,000 8,968,000 382,200,000 36,169,000 * * * 47,058,000 43,632,000 56,168,000 34,100,000

*=data not available

PESTS

Disclaimer: The active ingredients and efficacy ratings in this report are not recommendations. The information in this report was provided by the workshop participants as a cross-section of grower practices at that time. Please refer to the pesticide labels for recommendations.

Insects

There are a number of insect pests that cause damage to tomatoes from seedling stage through harvest. The tolerance level for insect fruit damage on staked tomatoes is extremely low. Therefore, it is critical to implement management programs that control insects before fruit is affected or damaged. Insecticides play a critical role in Integrated Pest Management. Knowledge of the pest that is causing the damage or infestation and the efficacy of the insecticide is vital for effective control.

Chemical Biological Physical Cultural Pest Importance Description Symptoms Products/Brands Control Control Control Control Aphids Medium in The potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are low priority pests, but Wilting acetamiprid Actara Insecticide Grandevo Do not exceed (Myzus spp.) some are medium priority in Tennessee. Many insecticides applied for other insect pests usually control aphids, so they and clothianidin Assail 30 Sg recommended locations are infrequently observed in commercial fields. distortion of cyantraniliprole Insecticide Venerate nitrogen leaves and dimethoate Beleaf 50sg fertilization young flonicamid Insecticide rates shoots. flupyradifurone Dimethogon 2e Yellowing imidacloprid Fulfill Insecticide The use of and pymetrozine Movento metallic premature spirotetramat Platinum Insecticide mulch deters death of thiamethoxam aphids leaves and young plants. Black sooty mold fungi inidicate presence of honeydew from aphids

Armyworms High Several species of armyworms are potential pests of tomato, including the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), fall Holes bacillus Crymax Bacillus Weed control (Spodoptera armyworm (S. frugiperda), southern armyworm (S. eridania), and yellowstriped armyworm (S. ornithogalli). The fall in leaves thuringiensis (bt) Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in and around spp.) armyworm causes the most damage of these species. When infestations occur, they can cause extensive damage and fruit chlorantraniliprole Thuringiensis) products tomato fields and can be difficult to control. In contrast to tomato fruitworm, armyworms will feed extensively on foliage as well as cyantraniliprole Wettable Powder (Crymax, Dipel, can suppress fruit, and the presence of feeding damage on leaves can help differentiate between fruitworm and armyworm emamectin Dupont Avaunt Xentari) infestations, damage. Beet armyworm is the most difficult to control because of its high reproductive capacity, and it is notorious benzoate Insecticide because for exhibiting resistance to a wide range of insecticides; however, the recent registration of newer insecticides has indoxacarb Dupont Coragen Venerate, weeds act as greatly aided the management of this pest. There has been resistance to insecticides in the past, so rotation of methoxyfenozide Insect Control Grandevo oviposition products is critical in order to reduce the potential for resistance. novaluron Dupont Verimark hosts for spinetoram Insect Control Biological armyworms (amixture of Proclaim Insecticide insecticides such spinetoram-j and as Spinosad and Early planting spinetoram-l) Radiant Sc nuclear minimizes Insecticide polyhedrous virus insects Rimon 0.83ec provide effective Insecticide control Transferred To: 39967-81 Xentari As Biological Insecticide Cabbage Medium The cabbage looper can be an important pest of tomato in the field on foliage and fruit. However, most of the Holes in bacillus Belt Sc Insecticide Bacillus Sanitation: Sanitation looper insecticides applied for other insects control infestations of cabbage looper. Larvae feed on foliage and also can leaves thuringiensis (bt) Crymax thuringiensis remove (remove crop (Trichoplusia damage the fruit. Soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) sometimes causes problems on tomatoes in Florida and chlorantraniliprole Dupont Avaunt kurstaki (Dipel, crop debris debris) ni) Georgia. cyantraniliprole Insecticide Crymax) and emamectin Dupont Coragen alternative Remove benzoate Insect Control Grandevo host plants alternate host indoxacarb Dupont Exirel Insect (wild plants (wild methomyl Control Insecticidal soap mustard mustard, methoxyfenozide Dupont Lannate Lv & oil, Spinosad, and shepherd's novaluron Insecticide Neem shepherd's purse) pyrethroid Dupont Verimark purse) Natural Enemies: spinetoram Insect Control Trichogramma, (amixture of Intrepid 2f Encyrtid & spinetoram-j and Insecticide pteromalid spinetoram-l) Proclaim Insecticide parasitoids, Lacewings Radiant Sc Insecticide Rimon 0.83ec Insecticide Colorado Low Both adults and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) can defoliate tomato plants. Infestations on tomato Defoliation acetamiprid Actara Insecticide Insecticidal soap, Hand- Late plantings potato beetle occur early in the season after migration from spring potato fields. The preferred host of CPB is potato, but it will feed chlorantraniliprole Assail 30 Sg Neem, Pyrethrins picking minimize (Leptinotarsa on other Solanaceous plants. Thoroughly scout fields and spray only when necessary. Treatments should be made if cyantraniliprole Insecticide (for larval control) insect decemlineata) populations exceed 15 adults per 10 plants or a combination of 20 CPB larvae and/or adults per 10 plants. imidacloprid Dupont Exirel Insect populations Insecticides should be applied after most egg masses have hatched, but before larvae become large. CPB has spinetoram Control Natural enemies: developed resistance to many different insecticides, so it is critical to know the resistance status of the population for (amixture of Dupont Verimark Lacewing, Plant tolerant choosing effective insecticides. spinetoram-j and Insect Control Ichneumonid varieties spinetoram-l) Intrepid wasp thiamethoxam Platinum Insecticide Crop rotation

Corn earworm High The tomato fruitworm, also known as the corn earworm and cotton bollworm, is potentially the most damaging insect Holes bacillus Belt Sc Insecticide (Dipel, Crymax) Hand- Early (Helicoverpa pest of field-grown tomatoes in the southeastern US. The distribution and abundance of overwintering pupae varies chewed in thuringiensis (bt) Dupont Avaunt Bacillus picking plantings of zea) within this region. Even though fruitworm overwinter poorly in cooler regions, populations immigrate from nearby buds and chlorantraniliprole Insecticide thuringeiensis tomatoes areas ensuring annual infestations in all production regions. Pupae overwinter in the soil and adults emerge in early fruit chloropicrin + Dupont Coragen (Bt) products have less May to early June. Populations on tomatoes are generally highest in July and August, typically occuring from earlier Distorted metam-sodium Insect Control provide good exposure to infestations in nearby corn. Corn in the silk stage is a preferred host of fruitworm, but when corn silks begin to dry, leaves from cyantraniliprole Dupont Exirel Insect control of fruitworm moths lay eggs on other hosts, including tomatoes. Once the eggs hatch, larvae begin to feed on foliage and then feeding on emamectin Control fruitworms but pressure than move to buds or fruit. There are many insecticides that provide excellent contol. Because larvae feed on leaf tissue leaf tips of benzoate Dupont Exirel Insect overall are less later for only a short time before boring into fruit, the key to controlling this insect is to ensure that there is a toxic pesticide the indoxacarb Control effective than plantings. residue on the plant during egg-laying periods to kill the larvae shortly after hatching. Tomato fruitworm moth activity developing methomyl Dupont Lannate Lv synthetic However, can be monitored with pheromone traps, which serve as a measure of the adult population within an area. bud methoxyfenozide Insecticide insecticides supplemental novaluron Dupont Verimark against high- control should spinetoram Insect Control density still be (amixture of Dupont Verimark populations. implemented. spinetoram-j and Insect Control Climatic spinetoram-l) Intrepid 2f Grandevo conditions and Insecticide market Proclaim Insecticide Insecticidal soap considerations & oil, Spinosad, also limit the Radiant Sc Neem, overall Insecticide Chromobacterium usefulness of Rimon 0.83ec this Natural enemies: Insecticide management minute pirate practice. bug, lacewings, Ichneumonid & Pteromalid parasitoids

Natural enemies impact fruitworm populations on tomatoes. However, these predators combined do not offer enough control on the economic level. Hornworm Medium in This pest is a low priority in Florida, low to medium priority in Kentucky, and medium prioriy in Tenneessee. The Holes in bacillus Belt Sc Insecticide Predatory Soil tilling (Manduca some tobacoo hornworm (Manduca sexta) closely resembles the tomato hornworm (M. quinquemaculata), and they both leaves thuringiensis (bt) Crymax insects: spp.) locations feed on solanaceous plants. Both of these species are caterpillar pests of tomatoes. The larvae are called chlorantraniliprole Dipel (Bacillus ladybeetles, hornworms because they have a prominent "horn" on their hind end. Hornworm adults (moths) do not cause harm to cyantraniliprole Thuringiensis) green lacewings, the tomato because they are nectar feeders. However, the larvae, or caterpillars, chew on upper portions of leaves emamectin Wettable Powder predatory wasps and leave traces of green or black droppings. The larva are capable of consuming several leaves per day and benzoate Dupont Avaunt such as paper occassionally feed on green fruit. The hornworms are large (3-4") but camoflauge well with the green foliage of the indoxacarb Insecticide wasps and plant. Scouting is critical to find the larvae when they are small and the action threshold for hornworms is 0.5 small methomyl Dupont Coragen yellowjackets, larvae per plant. novaluron Insect Control small parasitic pyrethroid Dupont Exirel Insect wasps (Cotesia spinetoram Control congregatus) (amixture of Dupont Lannate Lv spinetoram-j and Insecticide Spinosad and Bt spinetoram-l) Dupont Verimark products Insect Control Proclaim Insecticide

Radiant Sc Insecticide Sporicidin (Brand) Disinfectant Solution (Spray) Potato flea High in some The flea beetle is of high importance in Arkansas; medium priority in north Florida, and South Carolina; low priority in Holes in acetamiprid Admire 2 Flowable Insecticidal oil, Use row Remove beetle (Epitrix locations Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Several species of flea beetles are common pests on tomato: potato flea leaves clothianidin Insecticide Neem, Spinosad, covers to weeds and cucumeris) beetle, eggplant flea beetle, and tobacco flea beetle. However, they rarely cause damage to tomatoes. Adult beetles cyantraniliprole Dupont Verimark Azera (insecticide protect trash which feed on foliage within three weeks after transplanting, but tomatoes quickly outgrow this damage. Larvae feed on dimethoate Insect Control premix), Parasitic transplants. can harbor roots of plants, but do not cause damage. Efficacy of insecticide products varies according to species of flea beetle imidacloprid Movento nematodes insects in present. spirotetramat (drench in soil) fields and thiamethoxam around Natural Enemies: borders. Braconid wasps Timely planting of crops.

Trap crops. Stinkbugs High The green and brown stink bug are common pests of tomato, but the severity in damage varies among fields. Stink Discolored dinotefuran Actara Insecticide There are natural Insect Keep fields bugs are most common in smaller fields (i.e. 5 acres or less) that are surrounded by weedy borders, or fields that are blemishes pyrethroid Scorpion 35sl predators and netting, row free of weeds adjacent to soybeans. Both species overwinter in weeds and debris surrounding fields and migrate into tomato fields on fruit thiamethoxam Insecticide parasites covers, that serve as throughout the season. Unfortunately, there is not a good sampling method to assess thresholds. Stink bugs can be (Eucoliid & hand- overwintering difficult to detect because they are easily startled and locate shelter when disturbed. Chemical control of stink bugs Scenlionid picking hosts for is often not necessary in fields that do not fit the previous description. Depending on the surrounding habitat and parasitoids) that stinkbugs. abundance of stink bugs within an area, one to three applications of an insecticide are necessary to prevent attack egg damage.Brown marmorated stink bugs are of high importance in Tennesse and North Carolina and of low masses of the Use trap importance in South Carolina and Georgia. stink bug. crops of Parasitized eggs sorghum turn dark. or okra.

Insecticidal oil, Plant late to Pyrethrin, Azera minimize insects. Venerate XC strongly repels stinks bugs, but does cause death. Thrips High Thrips can cause direct damage to tomato fruit by feeding or ovipostition scars on small fruits, and are also indirect Leaf abamectin Dimethoate 4 E.C. Spinosad, Sanitation in pests of tomato due to their ability to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The tobacco thrips and western flecking cyantraniliprole Dupont Lannate Lv Insecticidal soap, greenhouses flower thrips are vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus, and transmit the virus when feeding on foliage shortly after Silvering dimethoate Insecticide Paraffinic oil, will reduce planting. The majority of virus infections are the result of primary spread (thrips transmitting the virus from on leaves dinotefuran Radiant Sc Requiem populations. surrounding weeds directly to tomatoes or greenhouse infections), and insecticides do not kill thrips quickly enough Gold methomyl Insecticide to prevent inoculation. However, an aggressive insecticide control program early in the season (3 to 4 weeks after flecking on novaluron Rimon 0.83ec Natural enemies: Late plantings transplanting) and the use of reflective mulches have helped to reduce the incidence of TSWV in tomatoes. Thrips fruit spinetoram Insecticide Orius insidiosus will minimize can also cause direct damage to tomato fruit. This is the result of thrips feeding and/or laying eggs in small fruits (amixture of Scorpion 35sl & O. majusculus populations. before stamens are shed from flowers. This damage appears as small dimples in fruits. Sample thrips in tomato spinetoram-j and Insecticide (minute pirate flowers by placing a white index card below flowers and tapping the flowers with a finger. An average of 1 thrips per spinetoram-l) bugs), Remove flower has worked well as a treatment threshold level. Insecticide resistant populations may occur. Insecticides never Lacewings, weeds and provide more than 60% control of the population. Hypoaspis miles trash which & Amblyseius can harbor swirskii insects in (predatory mites) fields and field borders. Venerate works Fair-Good on contact with thrips. Tomato High in some The tomato leafminer is a high priority in South Florida. Feeding abamectin Agri-Mek 0.15 Ec leafminer locations on leaves chlorantraniliprole Miticide/Insecticide (Tuta resulting in spinetoram Dupont Coragen absoluta) slender, (minor Insect Control white component (4- Radiant Sc winding trail methyl)) Insecticide Large, whitish blotches Defoliation

Tomato Low The tomato pinworm is more common in the southern compared with northern regions of the southeast, but late- Blotch-like bacillus Belt Sc Insecticide Pheromone- Sanitation in pinworm season infestations are common in northern areas. Populations may develop late in the season in North Carolina leaf mines thuringiensis (bt) Crymax mediated mating greenhouse (Keiferia due to migrating moths. Moths lay eggs on foliage, and larvae feed within leaves, creating blotchy mines. As larvae Pinholes chlorantraniliprole Dipel Df Biological disruption is will minimize lycopersicella) increase in age they bore into stems and/or fruit and can yield unmarketable fruit. The use of pheromone based in stem and cyantraniliprole Insecticide Dry registered and populations. mating disruption is an effective control method. Initiate mating disruption at the first sign of mines on foliage. fruit emamectin Flowable effective in areas Numerous insecticides also control pinworm. Since this insect does not overwinter in North Carolina, two or three Fruit benzoate Dupont Avaunt where pinworm is Early applications of an appropriate inseciticde applied every week is typically sufficient enough to elminate populations. blotches indoxacarb Insecticide a common pest; plantings will methomyl Dupont Coragen however, it is not minimize methoxyfenozide Insect Control recommended in infestation. novaluron Dupont Exirel Insect NC due to the spinetoram Control sporadic (amixture of Dupont Exirel Insect infestation of the spinetoram-j and Control pest. spinetoram-l) Dupont Lannate Lv Insecticide (Dipel, Crymax) Dupont Verimark Bacillus Insect Control thuringiensis Dupont Verimark Insect Control Intrepid 2f Insecticide Proclaim Insecticide

Radiant Sc Insecticide Sporicidin (Brand) Disinfectant Solution (Spray) Whiteflies High in some Silverleaf whitelfly is of high importance in Georgia, South Carolina, and northern Florida. It is a low priority in North Chlorotic acetamiprid Actara Insecticide Metarhizium Crop rotation locations Carolina and Arkansas. The silverleaf whitefly and to a lesser extent, the sweetpotato whitefly, can both infest spots from buprofezin Assail 30 Sg anisopliae, and Sanitation tomatoes in the greenhouse. Generally, the silverleaf whitefly is more common in the southern region and the feeding chlorantraniliprole Insecticide Insecticidal soap, greenhouse whitefly is more common in the northern region of the southeast. Adults and nymphs feed on leaves cyantraniliprole Dupont Coragen Neem oil, causing damage which can reduce the rate of photosynthesis and stunt growth. Sweetpotato whitefly transmits dinotefuran Insect Control Beuveria Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, an important pathogen of tomatoes in the southern parts of the region. Additionally, flupyradifurone Dupont Exirel Insect bassiana the accumulation of honeydew from whiteflies on tomato leaves and fruit promotes growth of sooty molds. Once imidacloprid Control whitefly populations of either species become established on a crop, they are very difficult to control. Therefore, pyriproxyfen Dupont Verimark Natural enemies: preventative control is usually necessary for effective, season-long management. Preventative control can be spiromesifen Insect Control Lacewings, achieved with soil-applied systemic insecticides applied to the soil or at planting, or the application of other spirotetramat Knack Insect Encarsia formosa insecticides when populations are low. Insecticides provide control for populations of nymphs, and the efficacy data thiamethoxam Growth Regulator & Eretmocerus given below applies to nymphs. There are no products that provide good control of adult populations of whiteflies. Movento eremicus Oberon 2sc (parasitoids), Insecticide/Miticide Ambylyseius Platinum 75 Sg swirskii Insecticide (predatory mite) Grandevo provides control for nymphs; Venerate repels adults.

Tri-tech mineral oil provides fair control.

Pathogens

Disease management is one of the most important aspects of tomato production in the southeast. This is primarily due to the large range of pathogens that can affect tomatoes, but also due to the conducive environment for disease--high humidity, moderate to heavy rainfall and temperature. Diseases of tomato that affect foliage and fruit in the southeastern region include bacterial spot, early blight, late blight, TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus), Botrytis gray mold, and Septoria leaf spot. Soilborne diseases, including bacterial wilt, Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, and southern blight also reduce yields.

Pest Importance Description Symptoms Chemical Control Products/Brands Biological Control Physical Control Cultural Control Alternaria High in some Alternaria stem canker is caused by Alternaria Brown to black azoxystrobin Aprovia Top Fungicide Double Nickel Rotate away from black molds / locations alternata which infects the stem of tomatoes causing cankers on the azoxystrobin + Cabrio Eg Fungicide 55, Double Nickel LC solanaceous crops for stem cankers dark brown to black cankers with concentric stem chlorothalonil Catamaran (Bacillus 2-3 years. (Alternaria zonation. This disease can cause death by girdling Brown streaking azoxystrobin + Dupont Fontelis Fungicide amyloliquefaciens spp.) the stem as the plant develops and the lesion in vascular and difenoconazole Dupont Tanos strain D747) Avoid overhead enlarges. The disease can occur on tomato leaves pith tissue boscalid Endura Fungicide irrigation. and fruit, when present, at any time during the crop Brown sunken chlorothalonil Gavel 75 Df LifeGard WG (Bacillus cycle. Leaf lesions are dark brown to black, and lesions with chlorothalonil + Inspire Super mycoides isolate J) irregularly shaped. Brown, sunken fruit lesions occur concentric cymoxanil Luna Sensation on green, unripe fruit. As the fruit ripens, the lesions rings; circular to cyprodinil + Luna Tranquility CEASE, Serenade stop developing. A. alternata survives well in the soil oval in shape on difenoconazole Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide ASO, Serenade MAX for long periods of time as a saprophyte. Infection fruit cyprodinil + fludioxonil Quadris Opti (Bacillus subtilus strain occurs by rain-splash or wind-blown conidia (asexual Brown to black difenoconazole + Quadris Top Fungicide QST 713) spore) from soil or infected plants. Rain, heavy dew, irregularly- benzovindiflupyr Reason 500 Sc Fungicide Regalia (extract of and overhead irrigation favor disease. shaped, difenoconazole + Revus Top Reynoutria interveinal lesions mandipropamide Scala Brand Sc Fungicide sachalinensis) famoxadone + cymoxanil Switch 62.5wg fenamidone Ziram 76df Fungicide fluopyram + pyrimethanil fluopyram + trifloxystrobin flutriafol fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin mancozeb mancozeb + zoxamide penthiopyrad pyraclostrobin pyrimethanil trifloxystrobin zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate Anthracnose Medium Anthracnose is mainly a problem on ripe and overripe Small, slightly azoxystrobin Aprovia Top Fungicide Regalia (extract Crop rotation with (Colletotrichum tomato fruit. The disease is common in areas with sunken lesions on azoxystrobin + Cabrio Eg Fungicide of Reynoutria nonsolanaceous crops coccodes) moist conditions, which favor disease development. fruit that develop chlorothalonil Dupont Fontelis Fungicide sachalinensis) Several species of the genus Colletotrichum can into larger, more azoxystrobin + Dupont Tanos Avoid excess overhead cause anthracnose; however, C. coccodes is most sunken areas with difenoconazole Flint Fungicide Serenade irrigation commonly associated with symptoms on fruit. concentric rings chlorothalonil Gem 500 Sc Fungicide ASO (Bacillus Symptoms first appear on ripe fruit even though chlorothalonil + Inspire Super subtilus strain QST Remove weeds immature fruit may be infected. Small, sunken cymoxanil Luna Sensation 713) because they can circular lesions first appear and develop into larger, cyprodinil + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide serve as hosts for the more depressed lesions with concentric rings. As the difenoconazole Quadris Opti pathogen lesion develops, microsclerotia (resting structures) difenoconazole + Quadris Top Fungicide Remove and develop in the center of the lesion and appear as benzovindiflupyr Revus Top destroy infected fruit small black specks. Under moist conditions, masses difenoconazole + Transferred To: 66222-276 from the field of salmon-colored spores may be produced. mandipropamide Infections occur from fruit resting on the soil or famoxadone + cymoxanil conidia splashed onto foliage and fruit. Disease fixed copper occurs at temperatures of 50-85 degrees F with free fluopyram + moisture. trifloxystrobin flutriafol fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin mancozeb penthiopyrad pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin Bacterial Medium Bacterial canker is a sporadic yet devastating A superficial acibenzolar-s-methyl Actigard 50wg Plant Activator Serenade ASO Use disease free seed canker disease in tomato productions areas of the infection will fixed copper (Bacillus subtilus strain or transplants (Clavibacter Southeast. The causal agent is seed borne, but can cause small white sodium hypochlorite QST 713) michiganensis also temporarily survive in soil and in greenhouses spots with a Treat seed pv. (but can survive much longer in plant debris). brown (necrotic) michiganensis) Symptoms can be either superficial or systemic, with center on the Practice sanitation at systemic symptoms generally showing up early in the young green fruit the transplant stage seeds or young seedlings. The disease can occur at and the leaf Rotate away from anytime during the crop cycle, even in the margins may turn tomato for 3-4 years greenhouse. brown and may appear "burnt" Control of solanaceous Note: Bacterial canker (superficial or systemic) is If the infection is weeds rarely seen on open field grown tomatoes in deep systemic (i.e., if south states. the bacterium Destroy crop residue enters the vascular system), Promote air movement the bcaterium may cause leaf Do not handle plants wilting, stem when wet cracking, fruit rot, and leaf Use drip irrigation - discoloration avoid overhead watering

Bacterial speck Medium in Bacterial speck is a medium to high priority pathogen Symptoms acibenzolar-s-methyl Actigard 50wg Plant Activator Leap (Bacillus Use disease free seed (Pseudomonas some in Florida; a low to medium priority pathogen in AL, include small bacillus mycoides isolate Agri-Mycin 17 thuringiensis subsp. or transplants syringae pv. locations KY, NC, FL, and TN; and a low priority in AR and LA. black spots (1/8 j Agriphage kurstaki strain ABTS- tomato) Bacterial speck can substantially reduce crop yield to 1/4 inch in bacillus thuringiensis Bmj Wg 351) Use seed treatments and quality/marketability of fruit. The bacteria is diameter) with a subsp. kurstaki Dithane M-45 typically introduced via seeds or seedlings that thrive yellow halo on bacteriophage (from Regalia Bioprotectant Concentrate LifeGard (Bacillus Practice strict in cool weather conditions (65-75 degrees F). It is leaves. selected pseudomonas mycoides isolate J) sanitation at the often transferred from plant to plant through Pinpoint size species) transplant stage splashing water, infected tools, or contaminated lesions appear on fixed copper Regalia (extract Promote air movement hands. fruit but do not mancozeb + copper of Reynoutria sachalinensis) penetrate the fruit hydroxide Do not handle plants skin very deeply. reynoutria sachalinensis Double Nickel when wet Bacterial speck streptomycin sulfate (1:3) 55, Double Nickel LC can be difficult to (Bacillus Use drip irrigation - distinguish from amyloliquefaciensstrain avoid overhead other foliar D747) watering bacterial diseases based on CEASE, Serenade symptoms alone MAX (Bacillus and a diagnostic subtilus strain QST test may be 713) necessary.

Bacterial spot High Bacterial spot, a severe disease of tomato, is Leaves have acibenzolar-s-methyl Actigard 50wg Plant Activator Leap (Bacillus Use disease free seed (Xanthomonas prevalent throughout the Southeast. Bacterial spot is small (less than bacillus mycoides isolate Agriphage thuringiensis subsp. or transplants spp.) found typically in warm, humid climates. The disease 1/8 inch) brown j Bmj Wg kurstaki strain ABTS- causes spots on leaves, stems, and fruit and can circular spots with bacteriophage (from Mankocide Fungicide/Bactericide 351) Use seed treatments result in severe blighting and defoliation. The a yellow halo, and selected pseudomonas bacteria can survive on crop residue for a few can occur on species) LifeGard (Bacillus Practice sanitation at months or up to 2 years in tropical or sub-tropical stems and calyx. fixed copper mycoides isolate J) the transplant stage climates. Introduction of the pathogen into the field Fruit spots (up fixed copper + mancozeb Promote air movement can occur via infected seed or transplants, even if to 1/4 inch) can streptomycin sulfate (1:3) Regalia (extract seedlings or seeds do not show symptoms of be slightly raised, of Reynoutria sachalinensis) Do not handle plants infection. Spots may be a yellow/green color, but brown, and may when wet darken to brown as they age with a yellow halo. If appear as a scab. CEASE, Double Nickel disease is severe, leaves may turn yellow and result 55, Double Nickel LC Use drip irrigation - in a blighted appearance. Spots on green fruit are (Bacillus avoid overhead typically small and may be slightly. On mature fruit, amyloliquefaciensstrain watering the spots can reach a size of 1/4 inch and turn brown D747) and scabby. Use preventative foliar Serenade MAX fungicides/bactericides Note: Bacterial spot has shown resistance to fixed (Bacillus subtilus strain copper. QST 713) Bacterial wilt High Bacterial wilt can occur in all tomato production Early stages of Crop rotation of non- (Ralstonia areas of the Southeast and at any time during the the disease susceptible plants solanacearum) crop cycle, but it is more common in warmer climates consist of wilting (corn, beans, cabbage, of this region. The bacteria is very persistent in soil. of young leaves at etc) for at least three The pathogen enters the roots through wounds (from the ends of years provides some transplanting, insects, or cultivation) and then branches. Plants control. colonize and multiply in the xylem tissue may appear to causing wilting and rapid collapse of the plant. High recover overnight, Do not plant pepper, soil temperature and moisture favor disease only to wilt again eggplant, tomato, or development. Control of bacterial wilt can be difficult in the afternoon sunflower in infested once it is present. heat. soils. In later stages Chemical control for bacterial wilt is not currently of the disease, available. the whole plant will wilt and eventually die. Cross sections of infected stems (in the vascular tissue) may show brown discoloration. A milky-white substance (the bacteria) may stream out of freshly cut stem tissue if placed in water for 3-5 minutes.

Corynespora High in some Corynespora leaf spot, also known as target spot, Leaf symptoms azoxystrobin Aprovia Top Fungicide CEASE, Serenade Practice sanitation at leaf spot locations thrives in moderate temperatures and is of high include small, azoxystrobin + Cabrio Eg Fungicide MAX, Serenade ASO the transplant stage (Corynespora importance in Florida and Georgia. Leaf symptoms necrotic lesions chlorothalonil Dupont Fontelis Fungicide (Bacillus subtilus strain cassiicola) include small necrotic lesions with light brown with light brown azoxystrobin + Dupont Tanos QST 713) Control solanaceous centers and dark margins. The disease tends to centers and dark difenoconazole Endura Fungicide weeds start deep within the tomato canopy and then margins boscalid Evito T Fungicide progresses towards the outer leaves. On the fruit, Fruit symptoms chlorothalonil Fluoxastrobin 480 Sc Fungicide Destroy crop residue lesions begin as brown, slightly sunken flecks that include brown, chlorothalonil + Gavel 75 Df Promote air movement develop into large, pitted areas. The fungus is slightly sunken cymoxanil Inspire Super capable of developing resistance to some fungicides; flecks that cyprodinil + Luna Sensation Do not handle plants therefore, rotation of fungicide chemistries is develop into difenoconazole Luna Tranquility when wet important. Weeds can serve as alternate hosts for large, pitted areas difenoconazole + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide target spot and should be removed from fields and benzovindiflupyr Quadris Opti Use drip irrigation - field borders. The disease can occur at any time difenoconazole + Quadris S avoid overhead during the crop cycle. mandipropamide Quadris Top Fungicide watering famoxadone + cymoxanil Revus Top fluopyram + pyrimethanil Satori Fungicide Use preventative foliar fluopyram + Scala 400 Sc Fungicide fungicides - ensure trifloxystrobin adequate foliar fluoxastrobin coverage flutriafol fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin mancozeb mancozeb + zoxamide penthiopyrad pyraclostrobin Early blight High Early blight is one of the most common and serious Initial symptoms azoxystrobin Aprovia Top Fungicide Double Nickel Use of disease free (Alternaria foliar diseases on tomato. It can occur in all of early blight azoxystrobin + Cabrio Eg Fungicide 55, Double Nickel LC seed or transplants linariae) production regions of the Southeast. The fungus include small, chlorothalonil Catamaran (Bacillus overwinters in crop debris and can survive on wild dark brown spots. azoxystrobin + Chlorothalonil Flowable 720 amyloliquefaciensstrain Crop rotation: 3-4 solanaceous hosts; thus, the disease is more severe Advanced difenoconazole Chlorothalonil Technical D747) years in fields where tomato has been grown in lesions have boscalid Drexel Ziram 76 consecutive years. Early blight is one of the first yellow halos and chlorothalonil Dupont Fontelis Fungicide LifeGard WG (Bacillus Control of solanaceous diseases to occur in the season, but the disease can distinctive chlorothalonil + Dupont Tanos mycoidesisolate J) weeds occur throughout the season. The fungus is known concentric circles cymoxanil Dupont Tanos Maintain adequate to develop resistance to strobilurin fungicides within the lesion. cyprodinil + Endura Fungicide CEASE, Serenade fertility (quinone outside inhibitors), such as azoxystrobin. Lesions may difenoconazole Evito T Fungicide ASO, Serenade MAX coalesce to result cyprodinil + fludioxonil Flint Fungicide (Bacillus subtilus strain QST 713) Use plastic or in a blighted difenoconazole + Fluoxastrobin 480 Sc Fungicide reflective mulches appearance of benzovindiflupyr Gavel 75 Df Regalia (extract affected leaves. difenoconazole + Gem Rc Fungicide of Reynoutria Use drip irrigation - On fruit, the mandipropamide Inspire Super sachalinensis) avoid overhead lesions appear famoxadone + cymoxanil Luna Sensation watering dark brown to fenamidone Luna Tranquility Sonata (Bacillus black and tend to fluopyram + pyrimethanil Previcur pumilus strain QST Use preventative, foliar occur around the fluopyram + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide 2808) fungicides/bactericides calyx. trifloxystrobin Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide Stem lesions fluoxastrobin Quadris Opti tend to be narrow flutriafol Quadris Top Fungicide and elongated fluxapyroxad + Quadris Top Fungicide and will pyraclostrobin Reason 500 Sc Fungicide sometimes exhibit mancozeb Revus Top minute concentric mancozeb + zoxamide Rockland Mancozeb Fungicide circles, although penthiopyrad Scala Brand Sc Fungicide this symptom may polyoxin d zinc salt Switch 62.5wg be difficult to polyoxin d zinc salt Ziram 76df Fungicide observe. pyraclostrobin pyrimethanil trifloxystrobin trifloxystrobin zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate zoxamide + chlorothalonil Fusarium wilt High Fusarium wilt is a soilborne fungal disease that is Yellowing 1,3-dichloropropene Regalia (extract Use disease resistant (Fusarium found throughout all tomato production areas of the and/or wilting 1,3-dichloropropene + of Reynoutria cultivars oxysporum southeastern US. The fungus can remain in infested occurs initially on chloropicrin sachalinensis) f.sp. soil up to 10 years and can be transmitted by seed, one side of the allyl isothiocyanate Avoid over-use of lycopersici) transplants, infested soil, tomato stakes, and other plant or leaf, chloropicrin RootShield WP nitrogen fertilizers equipment. Fusarium wilt can be very destructive, beginning with the chloropicrin + metam- (Trichoderma causing wilt and eventual death of infected plants. older, bottom sodium harzianum Rifai strain Sterilize field The fungus is more prevalent at higher leaves. KRL-AG2) equipment (stakes, temperaturs (80-90 degrees F). The pathogen enters Disease cages, etc) the roots, then spreads throughout the plant progresses into Double Nickel Remove and destroy through the vascular tissue. The disease can occur entire plant wilting 55, Double Nickel LC infected plants. Soil throughout the crop cycle. and tissue turns (Bacillus sterilization or brown and the amyloliquefaciensstrain fumigation will help Soil fumigation and the use of resistant varieties are plant defoliates. D747) eliminate the fungi the only effective control measures. There are Growth is Bio-Tam (Trichoderma from the soil. multiple races of the pathogen, so understanding stunted, and little asperellum [ICC 012] which race is present is essential to optmizing variety or no fruit and Trichoderma Crop rotation 3-4 selection. develops. gamsii [ICC 080]) years. Do not rotate A cross-section with solanaceous of the stem shows plants in infected brown areas. discoloration of the vascular tissue.

Gray leaf spot Medium in Two species of Stemphylium are known to Symptoms first azoxystrobin + Aprovia Top Fungicide Use resistant cultivars (Stemphylium some cause gray leaf spot of tomato, S. solani and S. appear as difenoconazole Flint Fungicide spp.) locations lycopersici. Symptoms first appear as minute brownish-black chlorothalonil Inspire Super Regular preventative, brownish-black specks on the lower leaves and specks and then cyprodinil + Luna Sensation foliar fungicide sprays progress upwards in the plant. Circular to oblong enlarge, difenoconazole Luna Tranquility spots enlarge and may coalesce on older leaves occasionally difenoconazole + Mankocide Fungicide/Bactericide causing large areas of necrosis. Heavy dew, high coalescing. mandipropamide Quadris Top Fungicide humidity, and warm temperatures (75-80 F) favor Centers of the fixed copper + mancozeb disease development. The disease can occur at any spots dry out and fluopyram + pyrimethanil time during the crop cycle. crack. fluopyram + trifloxystrobin mancozeb mancozeb + zoxamide trifloxystrobin Gray mold Low Gray mold is a fungal pathogen that occurs Symptoms boscalid Botran 75-W Fungicide Regalia (extract Maintain proper (Botrytis sporadically in the mountains of North Carolina and initially appear as chlorothalonil Cabrio Eg Fungicide of Reynoutria nutrition cinerea) rarely in other production areas of the southeast. The brown or tan chlorothalonil + Chlorothalonil Technical sachalinensis) fungus infects all above-ground plant partsand can colored lesions on cymoxanil Dupont Fontelis Fungicide Promote air movement be a very damaging disease to tomato crop leaves. cyprodinil + Endura Fungicide LifeGard WG (Bacillus production, causing blighting and fruit rot. The On fruit, the difenoconazole Inspire Super mycoidesisolate J) Use drip irrigation - pathogen thrives under cool (60-70 degrees F), disease causes a fludioxonil Inspire Super avoid overhead moist conditions and in plantings with dense foliage. soft rot and fluopyram + Luna Sensation CEASE, Serenade watering In the field, the fungus appears as a velvety gray lesions are trifloxystrobin Luna Tranquility MAX, Serenade ASO Apply preventative covering of spores on dying leaves, flowers and typically white in fluxapyroxad + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide (Bacillus subtilus strain foliar fungicides calyx. Gray mold can occur at anytime throughout color. Sometimes, pyraclostrobin Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide QST 713) the crop cycle, but is most damaging when fruit are "ghost spots" penthiopyrad Scala Brand Sc Fungicide Double Nickel ripening. (darker green pyraclostrobin Scholar Sc Fungicide 55, Double Nickel LC spots with light pyrimethanil Switch 62.5wg (Bacillus green halos) amyloliquefaciensstrain occur as a result D747) of spore germination that Fracture (Banda de has aborted. Lupinus albus doce The fungus [BLAD]) sprulates profusely under Mycostop adequate (Streptomyces conditions and griseoviridis strain K61) this gray, fuzzy sporulation is diagnostic of this disease.

Late blight High in some Late blight is a devastating disease that can affect On leaves and Acrobat 50wp Fungicide Regalia (extract Use resistant cultivars (Phytophthora locations the crop at any stage of development. It can cause stems, brown or ametoctradin + Agri-Fos Systemic Fungicide of Reynoutria infestans) early-season leaf blighting and late-season fruit rot tan lesions dimethomorph Cabrio Eg Fungicide sachalinensis) Promote air movement on tomatoes. The disease progresses rapidly under develop and can azoxystrobin Curzate 60df cool, humid weather conditions (60-70 degrees progress rapidly. azoxystrobin + Evito T Fungicide LifeGard WG (Bacillus Apply foliar fungicides F) and can cause devastating effects on tomato Typically, lesions chlorothalonil Flint Fungicide mycoidesisolate J)

crops if not controlled. The disease can affect all occur over the chlorothalonil Fluoxastrobin 480 Sc Fungicide parts of the plant (leaves, stems, fruit). Consistent entire plant. chlorothalonil Forum Fungicide CEASE, Serenade field scouting and monitoring weather conditions can Sporulation can chlorothalonil + Gem MAX, Serenade ASO be very effective in identification and control of the be prolific on the cymoxanil Previcur (Bacillus subtilus strain disease. Fungicides may help slow the progress of undersides of chlorothalonil + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide QST 713) late blight, however, new metalaxyl-resistant strains leaves and mefenoxam Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide Double Nickel of the fungus are present in mid-Atlantic region and appears fuzzy and cyazofamid Quadris Opti 55, Double Nickel LC are highly aggressive on tomatoes. white or clear in cymoxanil Quadris Top Fungicide (Bacillus color. difenoconazole + Ranman 400sc amyloliquefaciensstrain On ripe or mandipropamide Reason 500 Sc Fungicide D747) unripe fruit, dimethomorph Revus Top brown, splotchy dimethomorph Ridomil Gold Bravo Sonata (Bacillus lesions develop fenamidone Ridomil Gold Bravo pumilus strain QST and can spread fluopicolide Ridomil Gold Mz 2808) over the entire fluoxastrobin Rockland Mancozeb Fungicide fruit. fluxapyroxad + Transferred To: 66222-276 pyraclostrobin Transferred To: 66222-276 mancozeb mancozeb mancozeb + mefenoxam mancozeb + zoxamide mono- and di- potassium salts of phosphorous acid oxathiapiprolin + chlorothalonil oxathiapiprolin + mandipropamide polyoxin d zinc salt propamocarb pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin zoxamide + chlorothalonil Leaf mold Medium in Leaf mold has been primarily a problem of tomatoes Yellow, azoxystrobin + Aprovia Top Fungicide Use disease free seed (Passalora some produced in high tunnels and greenhouses where sometimes difenoconazole Dupont Tanos or transplants fulva) locations relative humidity is high, but recently also has been a angular, spots cyprodinil + Dupont Tanos problem in Georgia in field-grown tomatoes. In the appear on the difenoconazole Gavel 75 Df Practice sanitation at field, leaf mold causes defoliation in the spring and upper side of the difenoconazole + Inspire Super the transplant stage early summer growing seasons and result in yield leaf. benzovindiflupyr Luna Sensation loss. The disease favors warm temperatures (70-75 On the lower famoxadone + cymoxanil Luna Sensation Crop rotation: 3-4 degrees F) and high relatively humidity (75-90%). side of the leaf, fluopyram + Mankocide Fungicide/Bactericide years Under these conditions, the fungus produces a greenish/brown trifloxystrobin Quadris Top Fungicide Control solanaceous prolific amount of spores on the undersides of the spores produce a mancozeb Quadris Top Fungicide weeds leaves and spores are dispersed by wind and rain- fuzzy appearance. mancozeb + zoxamide splash. Flowers and polyoxin d zinc salt Destroy crop residue fruit are rarely affected. Promote air movement

Use drip irrigation - avoid overhead watering

Use preventative foliar fungicides

Phytophthora Low Three species of Phytophthora are capable of Firm, brown, azoxystrobin Dupont Tanos Regalia (extract Crop rotation: 3-4 blight causing buckeye rot on tomato: P. nicotiana, P. sometimes azoxystrobin + Gavel 75 Df of Reynoutria years (Phytophthora drechsleri, and P. capsici. Fruit infection is favored concentric rings chlorothalonil Quadris Opti sachalinensis) nicotianae) by high relative humidity, abundant soil moisture, and on fruit famoxadone + cymoxanil Quadris Opti Use plastic mulch warm weather. Fruit symptoms begin as smooth, firm Brown to tan fixed copper + Ridomil Gold Bravo Serenade ASO brownish spots, and as the spot enlarges, concentric lesions on leaves mefenoxam Transferred To: 66222-276 (Bacillus subtilus strain Use drip irrigation - rings form with dark-brown and light-brown bands. and stems mancozeb + zoxamide Transferred To: 66222-276 QST 713) avoid overhead Infected fruit remain firm until the decay process oxathiapiprolin + watering occurs. Spores are spread primarily by rain splash chlorothalonil Bio-Tam (Trichoderma Use preventative foliar from infested soil. Widespread losses are attributed oxathiapiprolin + asperellum [ICC 012] fungicides to excess soil moisture and cool soil temperatures mandipropamide and Trichoderma gamsii [ICC 080]) (65-85 degrees F). The disease can occur at any Soil fumigation time during the crop cycle, but is most damaging to the fruit. Sclerotinia Low Timber rot, also known as Sclerotinia stem rot or Water-soaked 1,3-dichloropropene Cabrio Eg Fungicide Contans WG Prevent formation of a timber rot white mold, is favored by cool, moist weather lesions begin on allyl isothiocyanate Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide (Coniothyrium dense canopy (Sclerotinia conditions early in the crop cycle. Infection occurson the lower stem chloropicrin + metam- minitans, strain sclerotiorum) the lower stem, at leaf axils or in stem joints where and sometimes in sodium CON/M/91-08) Deep plow to bury water-soaked lesions develop. Lesions expand and the leaf axils fluxapyroxad + sclerotia the whole stem becomes soft and eventually turns The whole plant pyraclostrobin Bio-Tam (Trichoderma bleached to light gray. White, cottony mycelium may wilts and the main pyraclostrobin asperellum [ICC 012] grow from the base of the main stem. The whole stem becomes and Trichoderma plant will eventually wilt and die. Large areas of a bleached and gamsii [ICC 080]) field can be affected due to mycelium spreading from dried plant to plant in the soil. Brown or black sclerotia White mycelium (overwintering structure) will develop on the inside of may be observed the stem and can be seen if the stem is cut open on the outside of lengthwise. the stem Black sclerotia may develop on the inside the stem

Septoria leaf High Septoria leaf spot is common throughout the Initial symptoms azoxystrobin Aprovia Top Fungicide Control solanaceous spot (Septoria southeast and can occur at anytime during the crop of Septoria leaf azoxystrobin + Aprovia Top Fungicide weeds lycopersici) cycle. The disease can be very destructive as it spot are small, chlorothalonil Cabrio Eg Fungicide can progress rapidly during rainy, humid weather if dark brown to azoxystrobin + Cabrio Eg Fungicide Promote air movement not controlled. The fungus is seedborne, but can black lesions that difenoconazole Catamaran overwinter on debris and equipment. Fungal spores expand to 1-2mm chlorothalonil Dupont Fontelis Fungicide Use plastic or are spread by splashing rain and by workers and in diameter. chlorothalonil + Dupont Tanos reflective mulches equipment moving through a tomato field when the Eventually, gray cymoxanil Endura Fungicide Use drip irrigation - foliage is wet. or tan centers cyprodinil + Evito T Fungicide avoid overhead develop within the difenoconazole Flint Fungicide watering lesions with dark difenoconazole + Fluoxastrobin 480 Sc Fungicide brown margins. benzovindiflupyr Gavel 75 Df Use preventative foliar Small black difenoconazole + Gem fungicides dots or fruiting mandipropamide Luna Sensation bodies (pycnidia) fluopyram + pyrimethanil Luna Sensation may appear in the fluopyram + Luna Tranquility center of the trifloxystrobin Previcur lesion. fluoxastrobin Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide On the fluxapyroxad + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide underside of the pyraclostrobin Quadris Opti leaf, spores may mancozeb Quadris S emerge in a curl mancozeb + zoxamide Quadris Top Fungicide resembling a penthiopyrad Reason 500 Sc Fungicide pigtail. polyoxin d zinc salt Revus Top polyoxin d zinc salt Revus Top pyraclostrobin Satori Fungicide zoxamide + chlorothalonil Scala Brand Sc Fungicide Ziram Fungicide Southern stem High Southern blight is more common in the hotter regions Initial symptoms allyl isothiocyanate Aprovia Top Fungicide Serenade ASO Crop rotation is one of rot (Sclerotium of the southeast and is more sporadic in cooler include rapid chloropicrin + metam- Aprovia Top Fungicide (Bacillus subtilus strain the most effective rolfsii) areas. The fungus is soilborne and can cause wilting of the sodium Cabrio Eg Fungicide QST 713) ways of keeping damping-off of seedlings, and crown rot and death of entire plant. difenoconazole + Dupont Fontelis Fungicide southern blight out of older plants. The fungus thrives in warm (85 to 95F), White mold and benzovindiflupyr Evito T Fungicide Double Nickel production areas. humid environments and survives between crops as brown-colored fluoxastrobin Fluoxastrobin 480 Sc Fungicide 55, Double Nickel LC sclerotia (overwintering structure) in the soil and on sclerotia also may fluxapyroxad + Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide (Bacillus Use of soil fungicides debris. It can also survive winters under cover of be present at the pyraclostrobin Priaxor Xemium Brand Fungicide amyloliquefaciensstrain at transplanting can snow or mulch. It can be difficult to control when base of the plant. pcnb (= D747) provide some control. weather conditions favor the disease. The disease pentachloronitrobenzene) can occur at any time during the crop cycle. penthiopyrad Bio-Tam (Trichoderma pyraclostrobin asperellum [ICC 012] and Trichoderma gamsii [ICC 080]) Tomato pith Low Pith necrosis occurs sporadically in all tomato Initial symptoms Avoid excess nitrogen necrosis production areas. The causal agent is soilborne and of the disease fertilization early in the (Pseudomonas is associated with cool, nighttime temperatures include yellowing season mediterranea) (around 70 degrees F) and high humidity. Disease and wilting of development appears to be associated with rapid young leaves. growth following high nitrogen fertilization and high In severe moisture, so these factors are managed to reduce infections, the incidence. The disease can occur at any time plant my wilt and throughout the crop cycle. become chlorotic. Necrotic lesions Crop rotation does not reduce the incidence will develop along of disease, and there are no effective chemical the stem and controls. petioles. The lower stem will split lengthwise and adventitious roots tend to emerge from these splits. In a cross- section cut of the stem, the vascular tissue (pith) will be extensively discolored, swollen, or hollow/decayed where they can collapse.

Tomato High Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) occurs Symptoms of Use resistant cultivars spotted wilt sporadically on several southeastern crops across tomato spotted virus the region, including tomatoes. Disease incidence is wilt virus on Control solanaceous (Tospovirus related to the survival of the overwintering vector, leaves include weeds TSWV) e.g., Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) purplish or and tobacco thrips (F. schultzei ), and the occurence bronzish Use plastic or and distribution of various alternate weed hosts of coloration on reflective mulches the virus. Chemical control (insecticides specific to leaves, tips of Use insecticides thrips) in combination with resistant varities are the plants may best practices to reduce the spread of the virus. The appear burnt, and disease can occur at any time during the crop cycle, plants may wilt but the transmission of the virus can only occur via under severe adult thrips. cases. On fruit, brown, blotchy spots will appear on unripe fruit. Fruit may appear disformed and bumpy.

Tomato yellow High in some Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is in the Symptoms of Resistant varieties leaf curl virus locations genus Begomovirus, which are a group of viruses TYLCV include have been developed, (tylcv) transmitted by whiteflies. The virus is of high stunting, reduced but are not available (Begomovirus importance in more southern states where whitefly leaf size, leaf for all production areas TYLCV) populations can be high. Movement of infected cupping, chlorotic or climates. However, transplants and infected fruit can serve as reservoirs leaf margins, host resistance can be of the virus and are significant sources of the virus. mottled leaves, overcome where TYLCV can be acquired by immature or adult and aborted whitefly populations whiteflies, but can only be transmitted by adults. flowers. TYLCV become high or are can severly early in the season. TYLCV has a large host range including cultivated reduce yields and, species and weedy species in the Solanaceae family in severe cases, and can serve as reservoirs of the virus from year to can be 100% yield year. Within a season, old or abandoned tomato loss. fields where whiteflies are no longer managed are important sources of the virus to young tomato fields. Where whitefly populations are high, up to 100% of the yield may be lost.

A regular rotation of pesticides, including neonicotinoids, that kill all life stages of whiteflies should be implemented, but resistance to the pesticides and the loss of natural predators and parasites can lead to ineffective management. Verticillium wilt High in some Verticillium wilt is a soilborne disease that is very Initial symptoms Bio-Tam (Trichoderma Use certified (Verticillium locations common in cooler regions and is rare or absent in include yellow V- 1,3-dichloropropene asperellum [ICC 012] pathogen-free seeds dahliae) other production regions of the Southeast. The shaped lesions allyl isothiocyanate and Trichoderma and transplants disease can occur at any time during the crop cycle. begining on the chloropicrin gamsii [ICC 080]) The disease causes stunting, wilting, and slow plant margins of the chloropicrin + metam- Disease resistant decline that results in moderate to heavy yield lower leaflets sodium tomato cultivars, when losses. The fungus can survive in soil and crop extending available debris for up to eight years. The fungus moves into inwards. the plant through the root hairs and blocks the The vascular Manage weeds vascular tissue.. The pathogen prefers temperatures tissue on the (ragweed, cocklebur, from 55 degrees F to 86 degrees F (75 degrees F is inside of the stem velvetleaf) due to their optimum). Resistant varieties are available; however, will have a slight ability to harbor the they are only resistant to Race 1 so they do not tan to off-white pathogen control the disease where other races are present. color. Maintain healthy well- Currently, soil fumigation (chloropicrin) is the only The leaves may drained soil and effective chemical control for fields with races other wilt and stunt the consistent soil than Race 1. plants growth. moisture

Weeds

Weed management is an important aspect of tomato production in southeastern United States. If not controlled, weeds can contribute to the spread of insects or pathogens to crops, and can cause as much as 50 to 70 percent reduction in crop yield by competing for available light and nutrients. Weeds that infest tomato fields in the southeast include annual grasses (broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, goosegrass), perennial grasses (Johnsongrass), perennial sedges (yellow nutsedge, purple nutsedge) and broadleaf weeds (common ragweed, common lambsquarters, morningglory, amaranth, cocklebur, thistle, curly dock, florida beggarweed and Pennsylvania smartweed). If not controlled, weeds can reduce yield, particularly of the larger sized fruit. Tomatoes must be nearly weed-free from transplanting to flowering for optimum yield and quality.

Chemical Pest Importance Description Symptoms Products/Brands Biological Control Physical Control Cultural Control Control Broadleaf Low Broadleaf signalgrass is a summer annual grass with short, Clethodim 2ec Use certified weed-free signalgrass wide leaves, and a fringed ligule. It is widely dispersed 1,3- Dacthal Flowable seeds. (Urochloa throughout the southeastern United States and can be dichloropropene Herbicide platyphylla) found near pastures, roadsides, and crop production + chloropicrin Dacthal W-75 Scout fields on a areas. The species is very competitive and a prolific seed allyl Herbicide regular basis for weed producer, which allows it to spread quickly and establish isothiocyanate Devrinol 2-Ec control. rapidly. Consistent tillage of soil helps eradicate the chloropicrin + Selective Herbicide spread of this grass, but in areas of well-established metam-sodium Devrinol 50-Df Clean farming signalgrass herbicidal control is necessary. Use of the clethodim Ornamental equipment after use in appropriate herbicide early in the spring season before the dcpa Selective Herbicide infested fields. seed heads have formed or rooted at the internodes dimethyl Dual Magnum (before the plants have fully matured) is preferred, but if disulfide (dmds) Herbicide weeds are fully established a post-emergent herbicide is metam- Goal 2xl Herbicide suggested. potassium Goaltender metam-sodium Gramoxone Note: Level of importance in Florida is low-medium. metribuzin Paraquat Herbicide napropamide Intensity Post- oxyfluorfen Emergence Grass paraquat Herbicide pendimethalin Metribuzin 75 s-metolachlor Paraquat Sl sethoxydim Herbicide trifluralin Parazone 3sl Poast Herbicide Prowl H2o Herbicide Treflan E.C. Trifluralin 4 E.C. Herbicide Vapam Soil Fumigant Canada thistle Low Canada thistle is noxious perennial weed that develops metribuzin Dupont Matrix Deep tillage is not (Cirsium from seed and underground root shoots from early spring paraquat Herbicide suggested due to arvense) through May. Canada thistle is very competitve and pendimethalin Gramoxone Sl 2.0 stimulating new growth reproductively successful due to the presence of vegetative rimsulfuron Metribuzin 75 from root buds on the roots. The roots spread aggressively and can trifluralin Paraquat Sl reserves. Hand- increase the width of a thistle patch significantly. If left Herbicide weeding or mowing top uncontrolled, a single plant can eventually turn into a patch Parazone 3sl growth before the plant with thousands of stems. The plant grows erect from three Prowl H2o sets seed can provide to four feet in height, bears purple-pink flowers, and has Herbicide some control as it can spiny foliage. An aggressive control program requires Treflan E.C. reduce root reserves several seasons and multiple treatments within one season Trifluralin 4ec and stem density. to eradicate the weed. Understanding the life cycle of Herbicide canada thistle is important in management strategies and Cover crops such attacking the root system should be targeted in control as alfalfa or sweet efforts. clover can provide some control through competitiveness in the crop rotation.

Practice good sanitation. If cultivating from tomato fields, work in infested fields last and santize field equipment immediately. Common Low The common cocklebur is a coarse summer annual that 1,3- Envoke Herbicide Scout fields routinely to cocklebur can reach heights of up to five feet tall with thick, red or dichloropropene Goal 2xl Herbicide identify and monitor the (Xanthium black spotted stems. It prefers disturbed moist areas, often + chloropicrin Gramoxone Sl 2.0 weed strumarium) found in agricultural fields, roadsides, ditches, and allyl Metribuzin 75 bottomlands. Cocklebur can act as a host to the fungal isothiocyanate Paraquat Sl Plant cover crops to pathogen, Verticillium, where the pathogen can quickly chloropicrin + Herbicide discourage weeds multiply and potentially spread to tomato crops. Leaves are metam-sodium Parazone 3sl alternate and triangular shaped with irregular margins. dimethyl Sandea Herbicide Each leaf has a petiole that is typically reddish with short disulfide (dmds) Vapam Soil white hairs. Flowers bloom from July to October and fruits halosulfuron- Fumigant look like a football-shaped prickly bur about 1 to 4 cm long. methyl The plant reproduces by seed and is often carried and imazosulfuron dispersed long distances by animals. metam- potassium metam-sodium metribuzin oxyfluorfen paraquat trifloxysulfuron- sodium Common High Common purslane is a succulent annual weed that is low 1,3- Aceto Trifluralin 4 Plant cover crops to purslane in stature and forms dense mats. It is a problem throughout dichloropropene Ec Herbicide discourage winter (Portulaca the crop cycle. It is a prolific seeder that can produce up to + chloropicrin Dacthal W-75 annuals oleracea) 240,000 seeds per plant. Once common purslane has allyl Herbicide been established, it can be difficult to control. The primary isothiocyanate Devrinol 2-Ec Monitor for weeds near method of management for common purslane is chloropicrin + Selective Herbicide tomato fields prevention, but postemergent herbicides will help with metam-sodium Dual Magnum eradication, if already established. Eliminating purslane dcpa Herbicide Mulches can be used from crop fields is important because the weed can act as dimethyl Dupont Matrix to discourage purslane a resevoir for thrips that can infect tomato crops with disulfide (dmds) Herbicide tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Cultivation and fomesafen Goal 2xl Herbicide herbicides applied before flowering is necessary to reduce metam- Goaltender the soil seed bank and effectively manage these weeds. potassium Metribuzin 75 metam-sodium Prowl H2o metribuzin Herbicide napropamide Pruvin Herbicide oxyfluorfen Reflex pendimethalin Vapam Soil rimsulfuron Fumigant s-metolachlor trifluralin Corn spurry Corn spurry is an annual weed that grows upright to about 1,3- Aim Ec Deep tillage of soil will (Spergula 20 inches tall with narrow leaves that are arranged in a dichloropropene Aim Herbicide bury weed seeds to arvensis) whorl. Flowering occurs from early spring to early fall with + chloropicrin Devrinol 2-Ec a depth from which white, small, 5-petaled flowers borne at the end of the allyl Selective Herbicide they cannot emerge. stem. it is important to prevent or control corn spurry, as it isothiocyanate Gramoxone Sl 2.0 However, has been reported to host a number of crop carfentrazone- Paraquat Sl successional cultivation pathogens including bacterial wilt (Ralstonia ethyl Herbicide can bring weed seeds solanacearum). chloropicrin + Parazone 3sl to the surface of the metam-sodium Prowl H2o soil to germinate. dimethyl Herbicide Practice tillage with disulfide (dmds) Treflan E.C. caution. metam- Trifluralin 4 E.C. potassium Herbicide Proper sanitation of metam-sodium field equipment. napropamide paraquat Plant cover crops in pendimethalin rotation. trifluralin Scout fields regularly for weed infestations.

Hand-weeding before plants produce seeds. Cudweed Cudweed is an herbaceous biennial weed (or winter 1,3- Gramoxone Sl 2.0 Hand weed before (Gnaphalium annual) that forms a basal rosette in the winter, and grows dichloropropene Paraquat Sl seed set. spp.) an upright stem in the spring. The plant stands 4-30 in. + chloropicrin Herbicide tall with small white flowers at the end of each branch. The paraquat Parazone 3sl Apply mulch to control leaves are oval shaped with white wooly fibers on the weed population. undersides of the leaves. It thrives in pastureland, roadsides, dry wastelands, and cultivated fields. The fruit Scout fields regularly. forms bristly white tufts that are wind dispersed at maturation. Close mowing is not suggested in weed control as it can thrive as a flat rosette. Cudweed is most susceptible to chemical treatments when young. Curly dock Curly dock is a perennial weed that is widely metribuzin Dual Magnum Mowing can provide (Rumex distributed throughout the southeastern United States. The oxyfluorfen Herbicide some control to help crispus) plant can thrive in a variety of different paraquat Dupont Matrix reduce curly dock areas including cultivated fields, pastures, and in areas pendimethalin Herbicide density. where no-till agriculture is practiced. Curly dock typically rimsulfuron Goal 2xl Herbicide flowers twice a year with petals around 1/8 inch with s-metolachlor Goaltender Hand-weed before the clusters borne at the top of the stem. Reproduction is trifluralin Gramoxone Sl 2.0 plant has produced primarily through seed but curly dock can also reproduce Metribuzin 75 seeds/seedhead. from buds that form on the taproot. Seedlings can be Paraquat Sl effectively controlled with herbicidal applications in the Herbicide Monitor fields regularly spring. Mature plants are better controlled if herbicides are Parazone 3sl to identify weed for applied in the fall. Prowl H2o proper control. Herbicide Cover crops can Treflan E.C. provide good control Trifluralin 4ec and outcompete curly dock populations.

Eastern black High Eastern black nightshade is an erect herbaceous summer 1,3- Aim Ec nightshade annual that is prevalent in the eastern United States. Other dichloropropene Aim Ew (Solanum members of the nightshade family have many similiarities + chloropicrin Aim Herbicide ptycanthum) but should be carefully identified since they have different allyl Dupont Matrix reactions to many herbicides. Although minor infestations isothiocyanate Herbicide of eastern black nightshade do not cause huge yield carfentrazone- Gramoxone Sl 2.0 losses, heavy infestations will compete for available ethyl Metribuzin 75 nutrients, light, and water. Nightshades are also hosts for chloropicrin + Paraquat Sl plant pests such as Colorado potato beetle and late blight metam-sodium Herbicide in tomato crops. dimethyl Parazone 3sl disulfide (dmds) Prowl H2o metam- Herbicide potassium Treflan E.C. metam-sodium Trifluralin 4ec metribuzin Herbicide paraquat pendimethalin rimsulfuron s-metolachlor trifluralin Eclipta (Eclipta High in some Eclipta is a broadleaf annual weed that occurs from spring 1,3- Aim Ec prostrata) locations to fall and can be found in agricultural and vegetable dichloropropene Aim Ew production fields. Distribution is high in southern states + chloropicrin Aim Herbicide such as South Carolina and Florida, but can also be allyl Arrow 2ec problematic in North Carolina when environmental isothiocyanate Clethodim 2ec conditions (wet, cool) are favorable for the weed to carfentrazone- Dacthal W-75 progress. Once established, the weed is heavily persistent ethyl Herbicide as it can produce thousands of seeds per plant over the chloropicrin + Devrinol 2-Ec course of the growing season. Flowering can occur in five metam-sodium Selective Herbicide weeks after germination, while germination occurs typically clethodim Dupont Matrix within 6 to 7 weeks. dcpa Herbicide dimethyl Goal 2xl Herbicide disulfide (dmds) Goaltender fomesafen Intensity Post- halosulfuron- Emergence Grass methyl Herbicide imazosulfuron Metribuzin 75 metam- Pruvin Herbicide potassium Reflex Herbicide metam-sodium Sandea Herbicide metribuzin Treflan E.C. napropamide Trifluralin 4ec oxyfluorfen Herbicide rimsulfuron Vapam Soil s-metolachlor Fumigant trifluralin Florida Florida beggarweed is an herbaceous summer annual that 1,3- Dual Magnum beggarweed grows up to 9 feet in height with leaves and stems covered dichloropropene Herbicide (Desmodium in small stiff hairs and seedpods that can cling to clothing, + chloropicrin Gramoxone Sl 2.0 tortuosum) hair, and fur. Flowers are small delicate and pink and allyl Paraquat Sl occur at the top of the plant. The species is native to isothiocyanate Herbicide tropical areas and naturalized in several regions in Florida. chloropicrin + Parazone 3sl It is a member of the peanut family (Fabaceae) and grows metam-sodium along rocky or sandy streams, cultivated fields or pastures, dimethyl and in sandy soils in coastal areas. disulfide (dmds) metam- potassium metam-sodium paraquat s-metolachlor Goosegrass Goosegrass is a summer annual grass that forms a low 1,3- Dacthal W-75 Scout fields regularly (Eleusine growing rosette with distinct white leaves at the base. dichloropropene Herbicide for weed invasions. indica) Seeds germinate when soil temperatures reach around 60 + chloropicrin Devrinol 2-Ec to 65 degrees F. Goosegrass does not root at the nodes allyl Selective Herbicide Clean farming like crabgrass, but can grow successfully in nutritionally isothiocyanate Dual Magnum equipment after use in poor, compact soils. Proper cultural practices is essential chloropicrin + Herbicide infested fields. for management of goosegrass near tomato crop metam-sodium Dupont Matrix production. dcpa Herbicide Plant high quality dimethyl Goal 2xl Herbicide cultivars (certified Note: Goosegrass has a known resistance to some disulfide (dmds) Goaltender weed-free seeds). herbicides in South Carolina. Resistance to paraquat has metam- Gramoxone Sl 2.0 been reported in Florida. potassium Paraquat Sl metam-sodium Herbicide metribuzin Parazone 3sl napropamide Poast Herbicide oxyfluorfen Pruvin Herbicide paraquat Treflan Ec pendimethalin Trifluralin 4ec rimsulfuron Herbicide s-metolachlor sethoxydim trifluralin Hairy galinsoga High in some Hairy galinsoga is a highly competitive annual weed that 1,3- Devrinol 2-Ec (Galinsoga locations occurs throughout the southeast United States in dichloropropene Selective Herbicide quadriradiata) agricultural field and disturbed areas. It can be a significant + chloropicrin Dual Magnum problem for growers by drastically reducing crop yields and allyl Herbicide can cause economic damage to crop systems. The stems isothiocyanate Dupont Matrix are erect with coarse hairs on the stems and leaf margins chloropicrin + Herbicide with opposite leaves and toothed edges. Small composite metam-sodium Goal 2xl Herbicide flower heads are about a quarter of an inch wide. Hairy dimethyl Goaltender galinsoga can produce up to 7,500 seeds per plant and disulfide (dmds) Gramoxone Sl 2.0 seeds can germinate within a 6-7 week time period. If left halosulfuron- Metribuzin 75 uncontrolled, galinsoga can spread rapidly and dominate methyl Paraquat Sl an entire field quickly. metam- Herbicide potassium Parazone 3sl metam-sodium Pruvin Herbicide metribuzin Sandea Herbicide napropamide oxyfluorfen paraquat rimsulfuron s-metolachlor Horsenettle Horse nettle (also known as Carolina horsenettle) is an carfentrazone- Aim Ec Like most weeds, (Solanum herbaceous perennial that belongs to the nightshade family ethyl Aim Ew prevention is the carolinense) (Solanaceae). It is native to North America, but can grow metribuzin Dual Magnum primary component of aggressively in pastures and fields. The plant emerges paraquat Herbicide control as horsenettle from rhizomes, can grow up to 2 feet in height, and has pendimethalin Dupont Matrix is difficult to control large spines on the stems and leaves and flowers that are rimsulfuron Herbicide once estbalished in borne in clusters with five white to purple petals. s-metolachlor Gramoxone Sl 2.0 the field. Horsenettle is difficult to control once established in the trifluralin Metribuzin 75 field. Paraquat Sl Mowing can help Herbicide weaken horsenettle Parazone 3sl roots making Prowl H2o them vulnerable to Herbicide herbicidal applications. Treflan E.C. Trifluralin 4 E.C. Crop rotation and sanitation of field equipment. Johnsongrass Low Johnsongrass is a perennial grass that is capable of clethodim Clethodim 2ec To prevent infestation, (Sorghum rapidly colonizing a variety of different environments due to dcpa Dacthal W-75 purchase only certified halepense) the large output of seeds and over wintering rhizomes imazosulfuron Herbicide weed-free seeds. produced by the plant. It is highly competitive, making napropamide Devrinol 2-Ec them persistent in row crops where they can reduce quality pendimethalin Selective Herbicide To prevent spreading and fruit yield. It emerges from rhizomes early summer and s-metolachlor Intensity One Post rhizomes, thoroughly the plant can reach heights of 2 to 7 feet and flowers mid- sethoxydim Emergence Grass clean field equipment summer with a coarse purple panicle. Prevention of this trifluralin Herbicide (i.e. combines, tractors) weed is preferred as it is less expensive and time- Intensity Post- after working in consuming to keep johnsongrass out of a field than to Emergence Grass infested areas. control johnsongrass once established. Efficacy of Herbicide chemical control methods are reported for johnsongrass Poast Herbicide Mechanical control seedling (not mature plant). Prowl H2o methods for Herbicide johnsongrass include Note: Johnsongrass is known to carry-over in pastures Treflan E.C. plowing, hand-pulling, with infestations of the weed that have been converted into and mowing. Fall cropland. This is of particular concern in Arkansas, plowing (where Tennessee, and Kentucky. appropriate) can expose johnsongrass rhizomes to killing temperatures. If fall plowing is not possible, plowing in the spring as soon as the soil is workable can help eradicate this weed. Lambsquarters High in some Common lambsquarters is a highly competitive plant 1,3- Devrinol 2-Ec Scout fields routinely to (Chenopodium locations species that grows in disturbed soils throughout the dichloropropene Selective Herbicide monitor for weeds album) southeast. It is an abundant broadleaf annual weed found + chloropicrin Envoke Herbicide in tomato row crops that can drastically reduce crop allyl Gramoxone Sl 2.0 Crop rotation and yield by competing for light, water and nutrients. The plant isothiocyanate Metribuzin 75 incorporation of cover emerges in spring, propagates itself by seed in late chloropicrin + Paraquat Sl crops can help with summer/early fall, and seed production can range from metam-sodium Herbicide suppression of 30,000 to 175,000 seeds/plant. Seeds on a single plant dcpa Parazone 3sl lambsquarters have a variety of different dormancy requirements and can dimethyl Prowl H2o remain viable for up to 30 years. The plant grows up to 150 disulfide (dmds) Herbicide Rotary hoeing, row cm tall with a strong taproot and can successfully colonize halosulfuron- Sandea Herbicide cultivating, or tilling soils with a wide range of pH values. Lambsquarters can methyl Treflan E.C. Consider adjusting also harbor tomato spotted wilted virus (TSWV) transmitted metam- time of planting during from thrips that can potentially spread disease to tomato potassium peak periods of crops. metam-sodium emergence metribuzin napropamide paraquat pendimethalin trifloxysulfuron- sodium trifluralin Large Large crabgrass is a common summer annual grass that is 1,3- Dacthal W-75 Clean field equipment crabgrass prevalent throughout the southeast and can be found in a dichloropropene Devrinol 2-Ec after use in infested (Digitaria variety of different habitats. Smooth crabgrass can often be + chloropicrin Selective Herbicide fields. sanguinalis) confused with large crabgrass, but can be differentiated by allyl Dual Magnum examining the hairs on the stems and leaves on large isothiocyanate Herbicide Smaller patches of crabgrass. The grassy weed is a prolific tiller and brancher, chloropicrin + Dupont Matrix crabgrass can be hand meaning a single plant can produce 100-700 tillers and metam-sodium Herbicide removed. roughly 150,000 seeds. Crabgrass germinates when soil dcpa Goal 2xl Herbicide conditions reach between 50-55 degrees F for four to five dimethyl Goaltender Repeated tillage efforts days in row. disulfide (dmds) Gramoxone Sl 2.0 can eradicate and halosulfuron- Metribuzin 75 prevent growth. Prevention is the most effective and efficient way to control methyl Paraquat Sl

large crabgrass. It is very difficult to control large crabgrass metam- Herbicide in just one growing season due to the presence of potassium Parazone 3sl numerous seeds per plant that add to the seed supply in metam-sodium Poast Herbicide the soil. If seed production is controlled, it will eventually metribuzin Prowl H2o diminish the seed supply in the soil. napropamide Herbicide oxyfluorfen Treflan E.C. paraquat Trifluralin 4ec pendimethalin Herbicide rimsulfuron s-metolachlor sethoxydim trifluralin Morning-glory High Morning-glory (pitted, tall, and ivyleaf variety) is an 1,3- Dupont Matrix Cover crops: (Ipomoea spp.) aggressive summer annual broadleaf vine with heart- dichloropropene Herbicide Competition from a shaped leaves and long stems that twine and climb. + chloropicrin Envoke Herbicide strong cover crop can It prefers moist and rich soils, but can be found growing in allyl Goal 2xl Herbicide eliminate the growth of an array of different soil types and self-seeds easily. It is isothiocyanate Goaltender morning-glory critical to eliminate morning-glories at the seedling stage chloropicrin + Gramoxone Sl 2.0 seeds from before they flower and produce seeds. Morning-glory can metam-sodium Metribuzin 75 germination. harbor tomato spotted wilt virus (TSMV) that thrips can dimethyl Paraquat Sl transmit from weed to crop. The weed climbs up and disulfide (dmds) Herbicide Use certified weed-free across tomato plants which can reduce harvest efficiency. fomesafen Parazone 3sl seeds. The reduced air circulation from the weed can also halosulfuron- Pruvin Herbicide promote the development of fungal diseases. The ability of methyl Reflex Herbicide Scout fields on a morning-glory to emerge throught the entire growing metam- Sandea Herbicide regular basis for weed season makes it very difficult to manage. Planting cover potassium Vapam Soil control. crops to prevent the spread of this weed and chemical metam-sodium Fumigant Clean farming weed control applications are highly recommended. metribuzin equipment after use in oxyfluorfen infested fields. Note: Chemical controls differ in efficacy among the paraquat Ipomoea species. rimsulfuron trifloxysulfuron- sodium Palmer High in some Palmer amaranth, also known as Palmer's pigweed, is an Aceto Trifluralin 4 Hand-weeding can be amaranth locations aggressive broadleaf annual that can reduce tomato crop 1,3- Ec Herbicide beneficial in (Amaranthus yields and interfere with harvest due to its highly dichloropropene Dual Magnum infestations near palmeri) competitive nature. It may be the most aggressive + chloropicrin Herbicide tomato crops. It is amaranth species due to its rapid growth rate, allyl Dual Magnum important to note that adaptibility, and its resistance to glyphosate and ALS- isothiocyanate Herbicide weeds should be pulled inhibitors. A combination of cultural practices with chloropicrin + Dupont Matrix out of the field and herbicidal treatment programs is highly recommended for metam-sodium Herbicide either composted or palmer amaranth management. dimethyl Metribuzin 75 burned. Plants that are disulfide (dmds) Prowl H2o laid on bare soil have Resistance is known to occur in Palmer amaranth to MOA fomesafen Herbicide the potential to reroot 14: Reflex (fomesafen) and Chateau (flumioxazin). metam- Pruvin Herbicide and grow. potassium Reflex Herbicide metam-sodium Treflan E.C. Planting a cereal rye metribuzin Vapam Soil cover crop in pendimethalin Fumigant combination with deep rimsulfuron tillage can help s-metolachlor suppress palmer trifluralin amaranth emergence. Deep tillage techniques (moldboard plow) can suppress palmer amaranth populations by burying amaranth seeds belows its preferred emergence depth. Pennsylvania Low Pennsylvania smartweed is a native summer annual that 1,3- Aceto Trifluralin 4 Scout fields regularly smartweed emerges in spring and sets seedin late summer/fall. dichloropropene Ec Herbicide for weed infestations. (Polygonum Smartweed can cause problems in tomato crops since they + chloropicrin Dual Magnum pensylvanicum) can tolerate a range of soil types and conditions and allyl Herbicide Remove young plants compete for available nutrients. Some features that make isothiocyanate Gramoxone Sl 2.0 before flowers form. this species tough to control are the slender stems and chloropicrin + Metribuzin 75 small leaves that reduce surface area for herbicidal metam-sodium Paraquat Sl application. Preemergence weed control includes dimethyl Herbicide metribuzin that can be applied to soil surface 2 to 4 inches disulfide (dmds) Parazone 3sl deep before transplanting. fomesafen Reflex halosulfuron- Sandea Herbicide methyl Treflan Hfp metam- potassium metam-sodium metribuzin paraquat s-metolachlor trifluralin Primrose, Cutleaf evening primrose is an herbaceous boadleaf weed 1,3- Goal 2xl Herbicide Scout fields on a cutleaf evening that is found throughout much of eastern North America. dichloropropene Goaltender regular basis for weed (Oenothera The species prefers well-drained soils, but also grows + chloropicrin Gramoxone Sl 2.0 control. laciniata) successfully in disturbed areas such as roadsides, allyl Paraquat Sl pastures, or cultivated fields. The plant forms a basal isothiocyanate Herbicide Clean farming rosette and extends hairy stems three to six feet in length chloropicrin + Parazone 3sl equipment after use in (creeping along the ground). Flowers may be yellow or red metam-sodium infested fields. and are borne on the tips of the extended stems. Flowering dimethyl typically occurs all year long in southern Florida and from disulfide (dmds) late spring through early fall in northern regions. Flowers metam- tend to open in lower light and closes within 24 hours of potassium strong sunlight. metam-sodium oxyfluorfen paraquat Purple High Purple nutsedge is a very aggressive perennial weed that 1,3- Envoke Herbicide Successful nutsedge nutsedge can seriously impact crops (vegetable, row, and dichloropropene Gramoxone Sl 2.0 control efforts will likely (Cyperus plantation) in the southeastern United States. It is highly + chloropicrin Paraquat Sl include several rotundus) competitive and can outcompete crops for available sun, allyl Herbicide combined management water, and nutrients. Nutsedge is a major nuisance and an isothiocyanate Parazone 3sl practices to break up intensive treatment control program of cultural and chloropicrin + Vapam Soil tuber chains. chemical controls should be implemented as soon as the metam-sodium Fumigant weed is present. Purple nutsedge has an extensive dimethyl Manage soil nutrients underground root system that consists of root bulbs, disulfide (dmds) and moisture to favor rhizomes, and tubers. Floral parts of the plant are purple- imazosulfuron crop growth over ish to red-brown borne on the top of the stem, typically metam- nutsedge. towering above the stems in an umbel of spikes. Tubers potassium can remain dormant in the soil for up to 10 years. Tuber metam-sodium Hand-weeding dormancy is typically broken by high temperatures of 90- paraquat and tillage can help 100 degrees F and diurnal fluctuations. Nutsedge is shade trifloxysulfuron- break up stems and intolerant and can be suppressed by a closed canopy, sodium tubers of the perennial, though the tubers will still remain viable. however, it should be followed by additional Note: Many herbicidal products are available for sedge weedings every two control, but proper use and timing of application is critical weeks when new to optimize control. Applying herbicides prior to tuber shoots have production is preferred. Implementing a sedge control regenerated. This program early in the season and continuing it for more than method method can a year (to reduce tuber populations) will help prevent and be labor intensive and eradicate the spread of this weed. has the potential to degrade soil quality.

Practice strict santitation techniques when using field equipment in infested fields.

Competitive cover crops and rotation of fall vegetable crops with repeated tillage and flaming can provide control.

Grazing animals, such as poultry and swine, can safely consume tubers and can be implemented in the control program to eradicate populations of nutsedge if they are an actively-foraging breed. This practice is typically repeated to eradicate persistent tuber growth.

Note: Covering nutsedge with translucent plastic film in high temperatures (in order to suffocate weed) is not suggested for management in the southeastern United States as it does not adequately produce high enough temperatures to eradicate the weed. In fact, it can stimulate more tuber emergence from the soil.

Pusley Florida pusley is an herbaceous annual that is often found 1,3- Aim Ec Manually remove (Richardia in disturbed areas, roadsides, pastures, and cultivated dichloropropene Gramoxone Sl 2.0 seeds from plant before scabra) fields. The plant grows prostrately (low to the ground; up + chloropicrin Paraquat Sl dispersal event. to 30 inches in height) with hairy stems, thick fleshy leaves, allyl Herbicide and forms a cluster of small white flowers. Florida pusley is isothiocyanate Parazone 3sl Plant cover crops to very persistent in agricultural fields due to its ability to carfentrazone- Prowl Herbicide discourage weeds. flower and quickly produce seeds. Control of this weed ethyl requires persistence, and like all other weeds, it is easier to chloropicrin + Scout fields regularly control when prevented. Infestations of Florida pusley can metam-sodium for weed control. also be an indicator of nematodes present in the soil. dimethyl disulfide (dmds) metam- potassium metam-sodium paraquat pendimethalin Ragweed – Low Common ragweed is a native broadleaf summer annual 1,3- Aim Ec Scout fields regularly common that is prevalent in crop production areas. It is highly dichloropropene Aim Ew for weed control (Ambrosia competitive, can grow up to 6 feet tall and produces an + chloropicrin Aim Herbicide artemisiifolia) abundance of pollen, which is the primary cause of hay allyl Dual Magnum Tillage in the spring fever. Ragweed seeds generally germinate near the soil isothiocyanate Herbicide (after emergence) can surface. High densities of ragweed can reduce crop yields carfentrazone- Goal 2xl Herbicide help reduce common significantly and deposit an abundance of seeds into the ethyl Goaltender ragweed infestations soil seed bank. Ragweed can serve as a host to the fungal chloropicrin + Gramoxone Sl 2.0 pathogen known as Verticillium, which has the potential to metam-sodium Metribuzin 75 Crop rotation can help spread and infect tomato crops nearby. If ragweed dimethyl Paraquat Sl with weed suppression densities are high, an intensive management plan of disulfide (dmds) Herbicide

cultural practice in conjunction with pre and postemergent fomesafen Parazone 3sl herbicides can help reduce populations in a production halosulfuron- Reflex Herbicide area. methyl Sandea Herbicide metam- Treflan E.C. Note: Depending on land management history and region, potassium Trifluralin Hfp certain biotypes of ragweed have shown ALS-inhibitor metam-sodium resistance. metribuzin oxyfluorfen paraquat s-metolachlor trifluralin Ragweed Ragweed parthenium (also known as feverfew, carrot allyl Gramoxone Sl 2.0 Use only certified parthenium weed, etc.) is an herbaceous annual in the aster family isothiocyanate Metribuzin 75 weed-free seeds to (Parthenium (Asteraceae) that can grow up to 6 feet in height. It is chloropicrin + Paraquat Sl prevent weed hysterophorus) native to Mexico and South America and is quickly metam-sodium Herbicide introduction. becoming a troublesome invasive weed in the southeast dimethyl Parazone 3sl United States (rapidly growing problem in Florida). The disulfide (dmds) Sandea Herbicide Hand-weeding can be plant forms a basal rosette, lobed leaves, and small halosulfuron- beneficial if done white ray florets are borne on the stem tips. The plant is methyl before seed drought-tolerant and can grow in a variety of different soil metam- heads develop. types, temperature conditions, and moisture levels. potassium Parthenium is not sensitive to photoperiod or thermoperiod metam-sodium Mowing can help cut and can flower year-round if conditions are favorable. metribuzin plants down to ground Germination tends to occur in high soil moisture types but paraquat level. can successfully germinate over a wide range of soil pHs Sanitize equipment to and temperatures. The plant is also highly competitive and prevent spread of can outcompete C4 grasses in pastureland and is seeds. allelopathic in nature (produces chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plant species) through pollen that can Apply mulch to control inhibit fruit set in tomatoes, beans, eggplant, etc. weed population. Pathenium is also reported to have some resistance to herbicides in Florida. Yellow High Yellow nutsedge is a perennial sedge that reproduces by Dual Magnum Plant cover crops to nutsedge small underground tubers (called nutlets) found at the end 1,3- Herbicide increase competition (Cyperus of rhizomes. A single plant can produce several hundred of dichloropropene Dual Magnum against weeds esculentus) these tubers during one growing season. Yellow nutsedge + chloropicrin Herbicide produces a seedhead, but its seeds rarely germinate. It allyl Envoke Herbicide Hand pulling can be actively grows during the heat of summer until the first frost isothiocyanate Gramoxone Sl 2.0 effective in low in autumn. Frost will kill the plants aboveground organs chloropicrin + Metribuzin 75 densities, but will not while the tubers will survive and overwinter in the soil until metam-sodium Paraquat Sl remove the tubers from the next growing season and can survive in the soil for dimethyl Herbicide the soil more than three years. In commercial tomato crops, yellow disulfide (dmds) Parazone 3sl nutsedge can limit fruit production. Late spring/early fomesafen Reflex Herbicide Field and harvest summer is the ideal time to control yellow nutsedge halosulfuron- Sandea Herbicide equipment should be because it has not yet started producing tubers, making it methyl Vapam Soil thoroughly cleaned if easier to control with herbicidal applications. imazosulfuron Fumigant exposed to infested metam- fields Note: Many herbicidal products are available for sedge potassium Follow soil control, but proper use and timing of application is critical metam-sodium recommendations from to optimize control. Applying herbicides prior to tuber metribuzin soil tests production is preferred. Implementing a sedge control paraquat program early in the season and continuing it for more than s-metolachlor Crop rotations a year (to reduce tuber populations) will help prevent and trifloxysulfuron- recommended eradicate the spread of this weed. sodium

Note: Fumigants work better than chemical controls, but some stimulate yellow nutsedge growth.

Nematodes

Nematodes are microscopic round worms that inhabit the soil and those that infect the roots of plants are known as plant parasitic nematodes. At least three species of Meloidogyne nematodes are capable of causing root- knot on tomato. Even though root knot nematodes occur in all production regions in North Carolina, it is most severs in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont. Disease is favorable in sandy soils during drought.

Biological Cultural Pest Importance Description Symptoms Chemical Control Products/Brands Physical Control Control Control Root-knot High For root-knot nematodes, the young larval stages infect the root and Stunting, Telone C-17 MeloCon WG The nematode establish permanent feeding sites within the root where they eventually wilting, 1,3-dichloropropene Telone Ec (Paecilomyces following (Meloidogyne molt into an adult. Females can produce up to 2,000 eggs that turn into yellowing allyl isothiocyanate Tri-Form 35 lilacinus strain management spp.) larvae and begin the infection cycle within 4 to 8 weeks. Nematodes can Nodules chloropicrin 251) practices cause severe yield loss of greater than 50% where conditions are on roots chloropicrin + metam-sodium should be favorable for disease. dimethyl disulfide (dmds) followed to metam-sodium reduce crop losses due to nematodes:

1. Practice crop rotation with non host plants (i.e. corn, grasses. 2. Plow out and expose roots immediately after the last harvest. 3. Plow or sick the fiels two to hour times before planting. 4. Use nematode- free planting material. 5. Sample soil and have it assayed for nematodes, preferably in the fall.

Mites

Biological Cultural Pest Importance Description Symptoms Chemical Control Products/Brands Physical Control Control Control Spider mites High Spider mites have become an increasingly important problem Leaf spots abamectin Acramite-50ws Horticultural Plant and (Tetranychus on tomatoes and other vegetables. Two-spotted spider mite, Gold fleck acequinocyl Agri-Mek Sc Miticide/Insecticide oils harvest spp.) T. urticae, is most common, but the carmine mite, (T. bifenazate Kanemite 15 Sc Miticide (rosemary, timely. cinnabarinus) and broad mite can also cause damage. Spider cyflumetofen Oberon 2sc Insecticide/Miticide citrus) work provide mites overwinter on weeds surrounding fields and certain fenpyroximate well to irrigation, winter crops, such as strawberry, and migrate to tomatoes spiromesifen suppress low and plant when overwintering hosts senesce or are destroyed in the mite tolerant spring. Transplant material also may be a source for mites. populations, varieties. Mites indirectly damage tomatoes by feeding on foliage, but can cause reducing the rate of photosynthesis, and thus, reducing phytotoxicity. Problem overall yields. Feeding on fruit is also suspected of can be contributing to gold fleck. Populations build to high densities Paraffinic oil, more under hot and dry conditions. Localized infestations can be Neem oil, severe spot treated, but thorough coverage of foliage is important. Sulfur dust or during Note that certain pesticides, such as pyrethroids and some spray droughts. neonictinoids, aggravate mite populations and can lead to high mite densities. Insecticide resistant populations may Grandevo Remove occur. Early detection of mites is critical for control. weeds Natural and trash enemies: which Neoseiulus can (=Amblyseius) harbor californicus, insects Neoseiulus from (=Amblyseius) fields and fallacis, and field Phytoseiulus borders. persimilis [predatory mites]

Do not use pyrethrin

CHEMICAL CONTROLS

Fumigant

REI PHI Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests RAC (hrs) (days) Fusarium wilt, Root-knot nematode, Sclerotinia 1,3-dichloropropene 542-75-6 29001 timber rot, Verticillium wilt Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Corn spurry, Cudweed, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida beggarweed, Fusarium wilt, Goosegrass, Hairy 542-75-6 + 76- 29001 + 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin galinsoga, Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, 06-2 81501 Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed –common, Yellow nutsedge Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Corn spurry, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida beggarweed, Fusarium wilt, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, Morning-glory, allyl isothiocyanate 57-06-7 4901 Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Root-knot nematode, Sclerotinia timber rot, Southern stem rot, Verticillium wilt, Yellow nutsedge Fusarium wilt, Root-knot nematode, Verticillium chloropicrin 76-06-2 81501 wilt Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Corn earworm, Corn spurry, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida beggarweed, Fusarium wilt, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, 76-06-2 + 137- 81501 + chloropicrin + metam-sodium Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania 42-8 39003 smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Root-knot nematode, Sclerotinia timber rot, Southern stem rot, Verticillium wilt, Yellow nutsedge Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Corn spurry, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida beggarweed, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Lambsquarters, dimethyl disulfide (dmds) 624-92-0 29088 Large crabgrass, Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Root- knot nematode, Yellow nutsedge Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Corn spurry, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida beggarweed, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Lambsquarters, metam-potassium 137-41-7 39002 Large crabgrass, Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Yellow nutsedge Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Corn spurry, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida beggarweed, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Lambsquarters, metam-sodium Vapam Soil Fumigant 137-42-8 39003 Large crabgrass, Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Root- knot nematode, Yellow nutsedge

Fungicide

REI PHI Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests FRAC (hrs) (days) Actiga acibenzolar-s-methyl 135158-54- 61402 Bacterial canker, Bacterial speck, Bacterial spot 12 14 21 D 50wg Plant Activato Actiga allyl isosulfocyanate 57-06-7 4901 D 50wg Plant Activato 865318-97-4 + 119210 + ametoctradin + dimethomorph Late blight 12 4 40+11 110488-70-5 268800 Quad Is Opti Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Is S azoxystrobin 131860-33- 128810 Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 4 0 11 Is Top Fungicide Late blight, Phytophthora blight, Septoria leaf spot Sato I Fungicide Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Quad 131860-33-8 + 128810 + azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 0 11+M5 Is Opti 1897-45-6 81901 Late blight, Phytophthora blight, Septoria leaf spot Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Quad 131860-33-8 + 128810 + azoxystrobin + difenoconazole Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 0 11+3 Is Top Fungicide 119446-68-3 128847 Gray leaf spot, Leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot bacillus mycoides isolate j Bmj Wg Unknown 6516 Bacterial speck, Bacterial spot 4 0 bacteriophage (from selected pseudomonas Ag Unknown 6431 Bacterial speck, Bacterial spot 0 0 NG species) Iphage Endu Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, boscalid 188425-85- 128008 12 0 7 A Fungicide Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, Gray mold Chlo Othalonil Flowa Le 720 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Othalonil Technical Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, chlorothalonil Ridomil Gold B 1897-45-6 81901 12 0 M5 Gray leaf spot, Gray mold, Late blight, Late blight, Avo Septoria leaf spot T Ansfe Ed To: 66222-276 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, 1897-45-6 + 81901 + chlorothalonil + cymoxanil Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 3 M5 + 27 57966-95-7 129106 Gray mold, Late blight, Septoria leaf spot Ridomil Gold B 1897-45-6 + 81901 + chlorothalonil + mefenoxam Late blight 48 14 4+M5 Avo 70630-17-0 113502 Ridomil Gold B copper hydroxide 20427-59-2 23401 Avo Ridomil Gold B copper octanoate 20543-04-8 23306 Avo cyazofamid Ranman 400sc 120116-88- 85651 Late blight 12 0 21 Cu cymoxanil 57966-95-7 129106 Late blight 12 3 27 Zate 60df Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Inspi 121552-61-2 + 288202 + Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, cyprodinil + difenoconazole 12 0 3+9 E Supe 119446-68-3 128847 Gray leaf spot, Gray mold, Leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot 121552-61-2 + 288202 + cyprodinil + fludioxonil Switch 62.5wg Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Early blight 12 0 9 + 12 131341-86-1 71503 dicloran Switch 62.5wg 99-30-9 31301 0 14 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Ap 119446-68-3 + 128847 + difenoconazole + benzovindiflupyr Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 0 3+7 Ovia Top Fungicide 1072957-71-1 122305 Leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot, Southern stem rot Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, 119446-68-3 + 128847 + difenoconazole + mandipropamide Revus Top Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 1 40+3 374726-62-2 36602 Gray leaf spot, Late blight, Septoria leaf spot Ac O dimethomorph At 50wp Fungicide 110488-70- 268800 Late blight, Late blight 12 4 40 Fo Um Fungicide Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, 131807-57-3 + 113202 + famoxadone + cymoxanil Dupont Tanos Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 3 11+27 57966-95-7 129106 Leaf mold, Phytophthora blight Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Early fenamidone Reason 500 Sc Fungicide 161326-34- 46679 4 14 11 blight, Late blight Anthracnose, Bacterial canker, Bacterial speck, fixed copper 0 1 M Bacterial spot Mankocide Fungicide/ fixed copper + mancozeb Acte 8018-01-7 14504 Bacterial spot, Gray leaf spot 48 5 M3+M1 Icide Ridomil Gold B fixed copper + mefenoxam 70630-17-0 113502 Phytophthora blight 48 14 4+M1 Avo Schola fludioxonil 131341-86- 71503 Gray mold 12 Sc Fungicide fluopicolide 239110-15- 27412 Late blight 12 2 43 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Luna T 658066-35-4 + 80302 + fluopyram + pyrimethanil Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, Gray leaf spot, 12 1 7+9 Anquility 53112-28-0 288201 Septoria leaf spot Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, 658066-35-4 + 80302 + Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, fluopyram + trifloxystrobin Luna Sensation 12 3 7+11 141517-21-7 129112 Gray leaf spot, Gray mold, Leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot Evito T Fungicide Fluoxast Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, Late blight, fluoxastrobin 361377-29- 28869 12 3 11 O Septoria leaf spot, Southern stem rot In 480 Sc Fungicide Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, flutriafol 76674-21-0 128940 12 0 3 Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight P Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Iaxo 907204-31-3 + 138009 + Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 12 0 7+11 Xemium B 175013-18-0 99100 Gray mold, Late blight, Sclerotinia timber rot, And Fungicide Septoria leaf spot, Southern stem rot Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Rockland Mancoze Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, mancozeb 8018-01-7 14504 24 5 M3 Fungicide Gray leaf spot, Late blight, Late blight, Leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot 8018-01-7 + 14504 + mancozeb + copper hydroxide Bacterial speck 24 5 M3+M1 20427-59-2 23401 8018-01-7 + 14504 + mancozeb + mefenoxam Ridomil Gold Mz Late blight 48 5 4+M3 70630-17-0 113502 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, 8018-01-7 + 14504 + Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, Gray leaf spot, mancozeb + zoxamide Gavel 75 Df 48 5 M3+22 156052-68-5 101702 Late blight, Leaf mold, Phytophthora blight, Septoria leaf spot mandipropamide technical Gavel 75 Df 374726-62- 36602 mono- and di- potassium salts of phosphorous Ag 13977-65-6 76416 Late blight 4 33 acid I-Fos Systemic Fungicide T 1003318-67-9 + 128111 + oxathiapiprolin + chlorothalonil Ansfe Late blight, Phytophthora blight 12 0 U15+M5 1897-45-6 81901 Ed To: 66222-276 T 1003318-67-9 + 128111 + oxathiapiprolin + mandipropamide Ansfe Late blight, Phytophthora blight 4 1 U15+40 374726-62-2 36602 Ed To: 66222-276 pcnb (= pentachloronitrobenzene) 2593-15-9 56502 Southern stem rot 12 14 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, penthiopyrad Dupont Fontelis Fungicide 183675-82- 90112 Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, 12 0 7 Gray mold, Septoria leaf spot, Southern stem rot Early blight, Early blight, Late blight, Leaf mold, polyoxin d zinc salt 146659-78- 230000 4 0 19 Septoria leaf spot, Septoria leaf spot potassium phosphite 0 P propamocarb 24579-73-5 119301 Late blight 12 5 28 Evicu P propamocarb hydrochloride 25606-41-1 119302 Evicu Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Ca Anthracnose, Corynespora leaf spot, Early blight, pyraclostrobin 175013-18- 99100 12 0 11 Io Eg Fungicide Gray mold, Late blight, Sclerotinia timber rot, Septoria leaf spot, Southern stem rot Scala B Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Early pyrimethanil 53112-28-0 288201 12 1 9 And Sc Fungicide blight, Gray mold Scala B quinoxyfen 878790-59- 55459 12 3 13 And Sc Fungicide Regalia Biop reynoutria sachalinensis Otectant Concent Unknown 55809 Bacterial speck 4 0 P5 Ate sodium hypochlorite 7681-52-9 14703 Bacterial canker 0 NC Ag streptomycin sulfate (1:3) 3810-74-0 6310 Bacterial speck, Bacterial spot 0 25 I-Mycin 17 D Exel Zi Am 76 , Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, trifloxystrobin Flint Fungicide 141517-21- 129112 Anthracnose, Early blight, Early blight, Gray leaf 12 3 11 Gem spot, Late blight Gem 500 Sc Fungicide Gem Rc Fungicide Zi zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate 155-04-4 34805 Alternaria black molds / stem cankers, Early blight 48 7 M3 Am 76df Fungicide 156052-68-5 + 101702 + zoxamide + chlorothalonil Early blight, Late blight, Septoria leaf spot 12 5 22+M5 1897-45-6 81901

Herbicide

REI PHI Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests HRAC (hrs) (days) Aim Ec Aim Ew Corn spurry, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, carfentrazone-ethyl 128639-02- 128712 NA 0 14 Aim He Horsenettle, Pusley, Ragweed –common Icide A Ow 2ec Clethodim 2ec Intensity One Post Eme clethodim 99129-21-2 121011 Broadleaf signalgrass, Eclipta, Johnsongrass NA 20 1 Gence G Ass He Icide Intensity Post-Eme Dacthal Flowa Le He Broadleaf signalgrass, Common purslane, Eclipta, dcpa Icide 1861-32-1 78701 Goosegrass, Johnsongrass, Lambsquarters, NA 0 3 Dacthal W-75 Large crabgrass Dacthal W-75 He Reflex Common purslane, Eclipta, Morning-glory, Palmer fomesafen Reflex He 72178-02-0 123803 amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Ragweed – NA 0 14 Icide common, Yellow nutsedge Common cocklebur, Eclipta, Hairy galinsoga, Sandea He Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, Morning-glory, halosulfuron-methyl 100784-20- 128721 NA 30 2 Icide Pennsylvania smartweed, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Yellow nutsedge Common cocklebur, Eclipta, Johnsongrass, imazosulfuron 122548-33- 118602 NA 21 2 Purple nutsedge, Yellow nutsedge Broadleaf signalgrass, Canada thistle, Common cocklebur, Common purslane, Curly dock, Eastern Met black nightshade, Eclipta, Goosegrass, Hairy metribuzin I 21087-64-9 101101 galinsoga, Horsenettle, Lambsquarters, Large NA 0 5 Uzin 75 crabgrass, Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Ragweed –common, Ragweed parthenium, Yellow nutsedge Dev Inol 2-Ec Selective He Broadleaf signalgrass, Common purslane, Corn napropamide Icide 15299-99-7 103001 spurry, Eclipta, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, NA 0 15 Inol 50-Df O Johnsongrass, Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass Namental Selective He Broadleaf signalgrass, Common cocklebur, Goal 2xl He Common purslane, Curly dock, Eclipta, oxyfluorfen Icide 42874-03-3 111601 Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Large crabgrass, NA 0 14 Goaltende Morning-glory, Primrose, cutleaf evening, Ragweed –common G Broadleaf signalgrass, Canada thistle, Common Amoxone Pa cocklebur, Corn spurry, Cudweed, Curly dock, Aquat He Eastern black nightshade, Florida beggarweed, Icide Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, Horsenettle, paraquat 4685-14-7 61603 NA 0 22 Amoxone Sl 2.0 Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, Morning-glory, Pa Pennsylvania smartweed, Primrose, cutleaf Aquat Sl He evening, Purple nutsedge, Pusley, Ragweed – Azone 3sl common, Ragweed parthenium, Yellow nutsedge Broadleaf signalgrass, Canada thistle, Common P purslane, Corn spurry, Curly dock, Eastern black Owl H2o He pendimethalin 40487-42-1 108501 nightshade, Goosegrass, Horsenettle, NA 21 3 Icide Johnsongrass, Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, Owl He Palmer amaranth, Pusley P Owl H2o He peroxyacetic acid 7722-84-1 63201 Icide Owl He Dupont Mat Canada thistle, Common purslane, Curly dock, Ix He Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Goosegrass, rimsulfuron Icide 122931-48- 129009 NA 0 2 Hairy galinsoga, Horsenettle, Large crabgrass, P Morning-glory, Palmer amaranth Uvin He Broadleaf signalgrass, Common purslane, Curly dock, Eastern black nightshade, Eclipta, Florida Dual Magnum He beggarweed, Goosegrass, Hairy galinsoga, s-metolachlor 87392-12-9 108800 NA 90 15 Icide Horsenettle, Johnsongrass, Large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Ragweed –common, Yellow nutsedge Poast He Broadleaf signalgrass, Goosegrass, sethoxydim 74051-80-2 121001 NA 20 1 Icide Johnsongrass, Large crabgrass Envoke He Common cocklebur, Lambsquarters, Morning- trifloxysulfuron-sodium 290332-10- 119009 NA 0 2 Icide glory, Purple nutsedge, Yellow nutsedge Aceto T Iflu Alin 4 Ec He Icide Broadleaf signalgrass, Canada thistle, Common T purslane, Corn spurry, Curly dock, Eastern black Eflan E.C. nightshade, Eclipta, Goosegrass, Horsenettle, trifluralin Eflan Ec 1582-09-8 36101 NA 0 3 Johnsongrass, Lambsquarters, Large crabgrass, Eflan Hfp Palmer amaranth, Pennsylvania smartweed, Alin 4 E.C. Ragweed –common Alin 4 E.C. He Alin 4ec Alin 4ec He Alin Hfp

Insecticide

REI PHI Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests IRAC (hrs) (days) Ag abamectin I-Mek 0.15 Ec Miticide/Insecticide 71751-41-2 122804 Spider mites, Thrips, Tomato leafminer 12 7 6 I-Mek Sc Miticide/Insecticide Aphids, Colorado potato beetle, Potato flea acetamiprid Assail 30 Sg Insecticide 135410-20- 99050 12 7 4A beetle, Whiteflies C Ymax Dipel ( Acillus Thu Ingiensis) Wetta Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) Le Powde 0 4 0 11A Hornworm, Tomato pinworm Dipel Df Biological Insecticide D Y Flowa Le Xenta I As Biological Insecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 68038-71-1 6402 Bacterial speck buprofezin 69327-76-0 275100 Whiteflies 12 1 16 Dupont Co Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Colorado potato chlorantraniliprole Agen Insect Cont 500008-45- 90100 beetle, Corn earworm, Hornworm, Tomato 4 1 28 Ol leafminer, Tomato pinworm, Whiteflies clothianidin 210880-92- 44309 Aphids, Potato flea beetle 12 7 4A Dupont Exi El Insect Cont Aphids, Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Colorado Ol cyantraniliprole 937279-54- 90098 potato beetle, Corn earworm, Hornworm, Potato 4 1 28 Dupont Ve flea beetle, Thrips, Tomato pinworm, Whiteflies Ima K Insect Cont cyflumetofen 400882-07- 138831 Spider mites 12 3 25 cyromazine 66215-27-8 121301 12 0 17 diazinon 59928-80-2 57801 48 0 1B Dimethoate 4 E.C. dimethoate 60-51-5 35001 Aphids, Potato flea beetle, Thrips 48 7 1B Dimethogon 2e Sco dinotefuran 165252-70- 44312 Stinkbugs, Thrips, Whiteflies 12 1 4A Pion 35sl Insecticide P Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, emamectin benzoate 155569-91- 122806 12 7 6 Oclaim Insecticide Hornworm, Tomato pinworm flonicamid Beleaf 50sg Insecticide 158062-67- 128016 Aphids 12 0 20D flupyradifurone 951659-40- 122304 Aphids, Whiteflies 4 1 4D Admi Aphids, Colorado potato beetle, Potato flea imidacloprid E 2 Flowa 138261-41- 129099 12 21 4A beetle, Whiteflies Le Insecticide Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, indoxacarb Dupont Avaunt Insecticide 173584-44- 67710 12 3 22 Hornworm, Tomato pinworm Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, Hornworm, methomyl Dupont Lannate Lv Insecticide 27519-02-4 90301 48 1 1A Thrips, Tomato pinworm Int Epid 2f Insecticide Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, methoxyfenozide T 161050-58- 121027 4 1 18 Tomato pinworm Ansfe Ed To: 39967-81 Rimon 0.83ec Insecticide Spo Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Corn earworm, novaluron Icidin ( 116714-46- 124002 12 1 15 Hornworm, Thrips, Tomato pinworm And) Disinfectant Solution (Sp Ay) pymetrozine Fulfill Insecticide 123312-89- 101103 Aphids 12 0 9B pyrethroid 68648-44-2 69007 Cabbage looper, Hornworm, Stinkbugs Knack Insect G pyriproxyfen 95737-68-1 129032 Whiteflies 12 1 7C Owth Regulato Armyworms, Cabbage looper, Colorado potato spinetoram (amixture of spinetoram-j and Radiant Sc Insecticide 935545-74- 110007 beetle, Corn earworm, Hornworm, Thrips, Tomato 4 1 5 spinetoram-l) pinworm spinetoram (minor component (4-methyl)) Radiant Sc Insecticide 187166-15- 110009 Tomato leafminer spirotetramat Movento 0 Aphids, Potato flea beetle, Whiteflies 24 1 23 Acta A Insecticide Aphids, Colorado potato beetle, Potato flea thiamethoxam 153719-23- 60109 12 0 4A Platinum 75 Sg Insecticide beetle, Stinkbugs, Whiteflies Platinum Insecticide

Miticide

REI PHI Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests RAC (hrs) (days) acequinocyl Kanemite 15 Sc Miticide 57960-19-7 6329 Spider mites 12 1 20B Ac bifenazate 149877-41- 586 Spider mites 12 3 20D Amite-50ws fenpyroximate 134098-61- 129131 Spider mites 12 3 21 O spiromesifen E 283594-90- 24875 Spider mites, Whiteflies 12 7 23 On 2sc Insecticide/Miticide

EFFICACY

Disclaimer: The active ingredients and efficacy ratings in this report are not recommendations. The information in this report was provided by the workshop participants as a cross-section of grower practices at that time. Please refer to the pesticide labels for recommendations.

Insects

Active PC Pest CAS Rating Description/Comments/Resistance Issues Ingredient Code Excellent, Aphids Acetamiprid 99050 135410-20-7 Do not apply more than once every 7 days, and do not exceed 5 applications per season. 90-100% (soil) 4.8 to 6.4 oz/A Good, Aphids Clothianidin 44309 210880-92-5 (foliar) 1.6 to 2.1 oz/A 80-90% Soil applications at planting only Good, Aphids Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Soil applications at planting will control aphids and flea beetes. See label for application options. 80-90% Excellent, Aphids Dimethoate 35001 60-51-5 Do not exceed label rate as leaf injury may result. 90-100% Excellent, Aphids Flonicamid 128016 158062-67-0 90-100% Excellent, Aphids Flupyradifurone 122304 951659-40-8 Provides excellent control as a drip treatment but only fair control as a foliar application. 90-100% Excellent, For short-term protection at planting. Admire Pro may also be applied to transplants in the greenhouse not more than 7 days before planting at the Aphids Imidacloprid 129099 138261-41-3 90-100% rate of 0.44 (4.6F formulation) or 1 ounce (2 F formulation) per 10,000 plants. See label for soil application instructions. Excellent, Aphids Pymetrozine 101103 123312-89-0 90-100% Excellent, Aphids Spirotetramat 0 Requires surfactant. 90-100% Excellent, Aphids Thiamethoxam 60109 153719-23-4 90-100% Bacillus Fair, 60- Armyworms 0 Start applications when larvae are small, and continue at 5- to 7-day intervals during periods of infestation. thuringiensis (Bt) 80% Excellent, Armyworms Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Foliar or drip chemigation. Drip chemigation must be applied uniformly to the root zone. See label for instructions. 90-100% No Armyworms Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Control, <25% Emamectin Excellent, Armyworms 122806 155569-91-8 Apply when larvae are first observed. benzoate 90-100% Excellent, Armyworms Indoxacarb 67710 173584-44-6 90-100% Good to Armyworms Methoxyfenozide 121027 161050-58-4 Excellent, 80-100% Excellent, Armyworms Novaluron 124002 116714-46-6 90-100% Spinetoram (amixture of Excellent, Armyworms 110007 935545-74-7 spinetoram-J and 90-100% spinetoram-L) (Dipel) DF, 0.5 to 1 lb/A Bacillus Good, Cabbage looper 0 On foliage every 7 days as needed. thuringiensis (Bt) 80-90%

Excellent, Cabbage looper Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Foliar or drip chemigation. Drip chemigation must be applied uniformly to the root zone. See label for instructions. 90-100% Verimark is for soil application only. Applications made at planting and/or via drip chemigation after planting. See label for application options. Excellent, Cabbage looper Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 90-100% Exirel is for foliar appication only. Emamectin Excellent, Cabbage looper 122806 155569-91-8 benzoate 90-100% Excellent, Cabbage looper Indoxacarb 67710 173584-44-6 Do not apply more than 14 ounces of Avaunt (0.26 pound a.i.) per acre per crop. The minimum interval between sprays is 5 days. 90-100% Good, Cabbage looper Methomyl 90301 27519-02-4 Methomyl may induce leafminer infestation. 80-90% Good, Cabbage looper Methoxyfenozide 121027 161050-58-4 Only effective on young soybean looper. 80-90% Good, Cabbage looper Novaluron 124002 116714-46-6 Do not make more than 3 applications per season. 80-90% Various pyrethoroids provide good control of cabbage looper. Does not work on soybean looper. See specific labels for rates and application instructions. Good, Cabbage looper Pyrethroid 69007 68648-44-2 alpha cypermethrin (Fastac), zeta cypermethrin (Mustang Max), cyfluthrin (Baythroid/Renounce), lambda cyhalothrin (Karate), esfenvalerate (Asana 80-90% XL). gamma cyhalothrin (Proaxis)

Not effective against soybean looper. Spinetoram (amixture of Good, Cabbage looper 110007 935545-74-7 spinetoram-J and 80-90% spinetoram-L) Good, Colorado potato beetle Acetamiprid 99050 135410-20-7 80-90% No Colorado potato beetle Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Control, <25%

Excellent, Apply Verimark to soil via drip irrigation or soil injection. Colorado potato beetle Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 90-100% Exirel is for foliar application. No Colorado potato beetle Imidacloprid 129099 138261-41-3 Control, <25% Spinetoram No (amixture of Colorado potato beetle 110007 935545-74-7 Control, spinetoram-J and <25% spinetoram-L) Excellent, Platinum may be applied to direct-seeded crops in furrow seeding or transplant depth. post seeding or transplant as a drench or through drip Colorado potato beetle Thiamethoxam 60109 153719-23-4 90-100% irrigation. Do not exceed 11 oz per acre per season of Platinum. Check label for plant-back restrictions for a number of crops. No Bacillus Corn earworm 0 Control, thuringiensis (Bt) <25% Excellent, Corn earworm Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Foliar or drip chemigation. Drip chemigation must be applied uniformly to the root zone. See label for instructions. 90-100% 81501 No Chloropicrin + Corn earworm + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 Control, Metam-sodium 39003 <25% Excellent, Corn earworm Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Verimark is for soil application only. Applications made at planting and/or via drip chemigation after planting. See label for application options. 90-100% Emamectin Good, Corn earworm 122806 155569-91-8 benzoate 80-90% Excellent, Corn earworm Indoxacarb 67710 173584-44-6 Do not apply more than 14 ounces of Avaunt (0.26 a.i.) per acre per crop. The minimum interval between sprays is 5 days. 90-100% Good, Corn earworm Methomyl 90301 27519-02-4 Methomyl may induce leafminer infestation. 80-90% Poor, 25- Use low rates for early-season applications to young or small plants and 6 to 10 ounces for mid- and late- season applications. Intrepid provides Corn earworm Methoxyfenozide 121027 161050-58-4 60% suppression of pinworm only. Excellent, Corn earworm Novaluron 124002 116714-46-6 Do not make more than 3 applications per season. 90-100% Spinetoram (amixture of Excellent, Corn earworm 110007 935545-74-7 spinetoram-J and 90-100% spinetoram-L)

Bacillus Dipel (0.5 to 1 lb/acre) Hornworm 0 Unknown thuringiensis (Bt) Crymax (0.5 to 1.5 lb/acre) Hornworm Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Unknown Foliar or drip chemigation. Drip chemigation must be applied uniformly to the root zone. See label for instructions. Verimark is for soil application only. Applications made at planting and/or via drip chemigation after planting. See label for application options. Hornworm Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Unknown Exirel is for foliar application only. Emamectin Hornworm 122806 155569-91-8 Unknown benzoate Hornworm Indoxacarb 67710 173584-44-6 Unknown No Hornworm Methomyl 90301 27519-02-4 Control, Methomyl may induce leafminer infestation. <25% No Hornworm Novaluron 124002 116714-46-6 Control, <25% Hornworm Pyrethroid 69007 68648-44-2 Unknown Spinetoram No (amixture of Hornworm 110007 935545-74-7 Control, spinetoram-J and <25% spinetoram-L) Good, Potato flea beetle Acetamiprid 99050 135410-20-7 Do not apply more than once every 7 days, and do not exceed 5 applications per season. 80-90% Excellent, Potato flea beetle Clothianidin 44309 210880-92-5 Belay 50 WDG: 4.8 to 6.4 oz/A (soil), 1.6 to 2.1 oz/A (foliar). Soil applications at planting only. 90-100% Good, Potato flea beetle Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Soil applications at planting will control aphids and flea beetles. See label for application options. 80-90% Good, Potato flea beetle Dimethoate 35001 60-51-5 Do not exceed rate with dimethoate as leaf injury may result. 80-90% Fair, 60- For short-term protection at planting. Admire Pro may also be applied to transplants in the planthouse not more than 7 days before planting at the Potato flea beetle Imidacloprid 129099 138261-41-3 80% rate of .44 (4.6 F formulation) or 1 ounce (2 F formulation) per 10,000 plants. See label for soil application instructions. No Potato flea beetle Spirotetramat 0 Control, Do not exceed 10 fl oz per season. Requires surfactant. <25% Excellent, Platinum may be applied to direct-seeded crops in-furrow seeding or transplant depth, post seeding or transplant as a drench, or through drip Potato flea beetle Thiamethoxam 60109 153719-23-4 90-100% irrigation. Do not exceed 11 ounces per acre per season of Platinum. Check label for plant-back restrictions for a number of crops. No Stinkbugs Dinotefuran 44312 165252-70-0 Control, <25% No Stinkbugs Pyrethroid 69007 68648-44-2 Control, <25% No Stinkbugs Thiamethoxam 60109 153719-23-4 Control, <25% No Thrips Abamectin 122804 71751-41-2 Control, <25% No Thrips Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Control, <25% Fair, 60- Thrips Dimethoate 35001 60-51-5 80% (Venom)

Fair, 60- Venom and Scorpion may be applied as soil or foliar treatments. See label for rates. Thrips Dinotefuran 44312 165252-70-0 80% Soil application of Venom or Scropion may be made in a narrow band under the plant row as a post-transplant drench, as a soil incorporated sidedress after plants are established, or in drip irrigation water. See label for instructions. Fair, 60- Thrips Methomyl 90301 27519-02-4 On foliage as needed. Will cause spider mite infestation. 80% Fair, 60- Thrips Novaluron 124002 116714-46-6 Do not make more than 3 applications per season. 80% Spinetoram (amixture of Good, Thrips 110007 935545-74-7 Will control thrips on foliage, not in flowers. spinetoram-J and 80-90% spinetoram-L) No Tomato leafminer Abamectin 122804 71751-41-2 Control, <25% No Tomato leafminer Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Control, <25% Spinetoram (minor No Tomato leafminer component (4- 110009 187166-15-0 Control, methyl)) <25% No Bacillus Tomato pinworm 0 Control, thuringiensis (Bt) <25% No Tomato pinworm Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Control, Foliar or drip chemigation. Drip chemigation must be applied uniformly to the root zone. See label for instructions. <25% No Tomato pinworm Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Control, Verimark is for soil application only. Applications made at planting and/or via drip chemigation after planting. See label for application options. <25% No Emamectin Tomato pinworm 122806 155569-91-8 Control, benzoate <25% No Tomato pinworm Indoxacarb 67710 173584-44-6 Control, Do not apply more than 14 ounces of Avaunt (0.26 pound a.i.) per acre per crop. The minimum interval between sprays is 5 days. <25% No Tomato pinworm Methomyl 90301 27519-02-4 Control, Methomyl may induce leafminer infestation. <25% No Use low rates for early-season applications to young or small plants and 6 to 10 ounces for mid- and late-season applications. Intrepid provides Tomato pinworm Methoxyfenozide 121027 161050-58-4 Control, suppression of pinworm only. <25% No Tomato pinworm Novaluron 124002 116714-46-6 Control, <25% Spinetoram No (amixture of Tomato pinworm 110007 935545-74-7 Control, spinetoram-J and <25% spinetoram-L) Good to Whiteflies Acetamiprid 99050 135410-20-7 Excellent, 80-100% Poor, 25- Whiteflies Buprofezin 275100 69327-76-0 60% Good to Whiteflies Chlorantraniliprole 90100 500008-45-7 Excellent, Foliar or soil application. Drip chemigation must be applied uniformly to the root zone. See label for soil application instructions. 80-100% Good to Whiteflies Cyantraniliprole 90098 937279-54-4 Excellent, 80-100% Fair, 60- Whiteflies Dinotefuran 44312 165252-70-0 80% Excellent, Whiteflies Flupyradifurone 122304 951659-40-8 90-100% (Admire Pro) Apply through a drip irrigtion system or as a transplant drench with sufficient water to reach root zone. As a sidedress, apply 2 to 4 inches to the side of the row and incorporate 1 or more in. Residual activity will increase with increasing rates applied. Use higher rate for late Good, Whiteflies Imidacloprid 129099 138261-41-3 season or continuous infestations. Trickle irrigation applications will also control aphids and stinkbugs. 80-90% Soil application efficacy Good-Excellent; foliar application efficacy Poor. Good, Whiteflies Pyriproxyfen 129032 95737-68-1 80-90% Fair to Whiteflies Spiromesifen 24875 283594-90-1 Good, 50-90% Fair to Whiteflies Spirotetramat 0 Good, Do not exceed 10 fl oz per season. Requires surfactant. 50-90% Platinum may be applied to direct seeded crops in furrow seeding or transplant depth, post seeding or transplant as a drench, or through drip Good, Whiteflies Thiamethoxam 60109 153719-23-4 irrigation. Do not exceed 11 ounces per acre per season of Platinum. Check label for plant-back restrictions for a number of crops. Actara is for foliar 80-90% applications.

Pathogens

PC Pest Active Ingredient CAS Rating Description/Comments/Resistance Issues Code Alternaria black Good, 80- Limit of 37 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternation to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Note: Under high temperatures molds / stem Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 90% Satori in combination with some additives or adjuvants may cause crop injury. cankers Alternaria black 128810 Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 Good, 80- molds / stem + Must alternate with a non-FRAC code 11; use of an adjuvant may cause phytotoxicity. Do not make more than 5 applications of a Group 11 fungicide/acre/season. Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 90% cankers 81901 Alternaria black 128810 131860-33-8 Azoxystrobin + Good, 80- Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating molds / stem + + 119446-68- Difenoconazole 90% to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Do not use on tomato varieties that bear mature fruit less than 2 inches in diameter. cankers 128847 3 Alternaria black molds / stem boscalid 128008 188425-85-6 Unknown Limit of 21 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two applications of the high rate per season and no more than six applicaions of the low rate per season. cankers Alternaria black Fair, 60- molds / stem Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Refer to individual labels for rates and restrictions. 80% cankers Alternaria black 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Fair, 60- molds / stem + Check copper labels for specific precautions and limtitations for mixing with this product. Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 80% cankers 129106 Alternaria black 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Fair, 60- molds / stem + + 119446-68- Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Difenoconazole 80% cankers 128847 3 Alternaria black 288202 121552-61-2 Fair, 60- molds / stem Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil + + 131341-86- Limit of 56 oz per acre per season. After two applications alternate with another fungicide with a different mode of action for two applications. 80% cankers 71503 1 Alternaria black 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + molds / stem + + 1072957- Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non Group 7 fungicide. See label for application intervals and limits per season. Benzovindiflupyr cankers 122305 71-1 Alternaria black 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + molds / stem + + 374726-62- Unknown Limit of 28 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Mandipropamide cankers 36602 2 Alternaria black 113202 131807-57-3 Fair, 60- Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to fungicide with a different mode of action. Note: Must be tank mixed molds / stem Famoxadone + Cymoxanil + + 57966-95-7 80% with a contact fungicide that has a different mode of action. cankers 129106 Alternaria black molds / stem Fenamidone 46679 161326-34-7 Unknown Limit of 24.6 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. cankers Alternaria black 80302 658066-35-4 molds / stem Fluopyram + Pyrimethanil + Unknown See label for limits on application amounts per season. Do not make more than 2 applications of Group 7 or 9 fungicides without switching to a different mode of action. + 53112-28-0 cankers 288201 Alternaria black 80302 658066-35-4 Fluopyram + molds / stem + + 141517-21- Unknown Do not exceed 5 applications or 27.1 fl oz/acre/season. Do not make more than 2 applications without switching to a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin cankers 129112 7 Alternaria black molds / stem Flutriafol 128940 76674-21-0 Unknown Do not exceed more than 4 applications or 28 fl oz product/acre/season. cankers Alternaria black 138009 907204-31-3 Fluxapyroxad + molds / stem + + 175013-18- Unknown Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Pyraclostrobin cankers 99100 0 Alternaria black Good, 80- molds / stem Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 90% cankers Alternaria black 14504 8018-01-7 + Good, 80- molds / stem Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. 156052-68-5 90% cankers 101702 Alternaria black Fair, 60- molds / stem Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 80% cankers Alternaria black Good, 80- molds / stem Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Limit of 96 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. 90% cankers Alternaria black molds / stem Pyrimethanil 288201 53112-28-0 Unknown Limit of 35 fl oz per acre per season. Use only in a tank mix with another fungicide recommended for Early Blight. cankers Alternaria black molds / stem Trifloxystrobin 129112 141517-21-7 Unknown Limit of 16 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. cankers Alternaria black Zinc molds / stem 34805 155-04-4 Unknown Limit of 24 lb per acre per season. NOTE: Do not use on cherry tomatoes. dimethyldithiocarbamate cankers Anthracnose Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 Unknown Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. 128810 Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 Anthracnose + Unknown Do not make more than one application before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 81901 128810 131860-33-8 Azoxystrobin + Do not make more than one application before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Do not apply within 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after Anthracnose + + 119446-68- Unknown Difenoconazole seeding. 128847 3 Anthracnose Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Unknown See label for rates and restrictions. 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Anthracnose + Unknown Check copper labels for specific precautions and limitations ofr mixing with this product. Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 129106 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Anthracnose + + 119446-68- Unknown Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Limits of each a.i. apply - see labels. Difenoconazole 128847 3 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Anthracnose + + 1072957- Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Benzovindiflupyr 122305 71-1 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Anthracnose + + 374726-62- Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Mandipropamide 36602 2 113202 131807-57-3 Do not make more than one application before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: This product must be tank mixed with a Anthracnose Famoxadone + Cymoxanil + Unknown + 57966-95-7 contact fungicide that has a different mode of action. 129106 No Anthracnose Fixed Copper 0 Control, <25% 80302 658066-35-4 Fluopyram + Anthracnose + + 141517-21- Unknown Disease suppression only. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin 129112 7 Anthracnose Flutriafol 128940 76674-21-0 Unknown 138009 907204-31-3 Fluxapyroxad + Anthracnose + + 175013-18- Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Pyraclostrobin 99100 0 Anthracnose Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 Unknown Anthracnose Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 Unknown Disease suppression only. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Anthracnose Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Anthracnose Trifloxystrobin 129112 141517-21-7 Unknown Disease suppression only. Do not make more than 1 application before alterating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Good, 80- Bacterial canker Acibenzolar-s-methyl 61402 135158-54-2 Stop application two weeks before harvest. 90% Good, 80- Bacterial canker Fixed Copper 0 90% Good, 80- Bacterial canker Sodium hypochlorite 14703 7681-52-9 For seed treatment ONLY 90% Fair to Bacterial speck Acibenzolar-s-methyl 61402 135158-54-2 Good, 50- Provides the best control of all available products for bacterial speck management. 90% Bacillus mycoides Isolate Fair, 60- Bacterial speck 6516 Unknown J 80% Bacillus thuringiensis Fair, 60- Bacterial speck 6402 68038-71-1 subsp. kurstaki 80% Bacteriophage (from Fair, 60- Bacterial speck selected Pseudomonas 6431 Unknown Consult your vegetable Extension Specialist for information on requirements needed to use bacteriophage. 80% species) Fair, 60- Bacterial speck Fixed Copper 0 Begin application at first true leaf stage, repeat at 3 to 7 day intervals until transplanting. Alternating with streptomycin sulfate is recommended. 80% 14504 Mancozeb + Copper 8018-01-7 + Fair, 60- Bacterial speck + hydroxide 20427-59-2 80% 23401 Fair, 60- Bacterial speck Reynoutria sachalinensis 55809 Unknown 80% Fair, 60- Bacterial speck Streptomycin sulfate (1:3) 6310 3810-74-0 Only for use in GREENHOUSE; not labeled for use in the field. 80% Fair to Bacterial spot Acibenzolar-s-methyl 61402 135158-54-2 Good, 50- 90% Fair to Bacillus mycoides Isolate Bacterial spot 6516 Unknown Good, 50- J 90% Bacteriophage (from Poor to Bacterial spot selected Pseudomonas 6431 Unknown Good, 25- species) 90% Poor, 25- Bacterial spot Fixed Copper 0 Copper alone typically does not provide adequate control due to widespread copper tolerance in the pathogen. Copper mixed with mancozeb provides better control. 60% Fair to Bacterial spot Fixed Copper + Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 Good, 50- Copper and mancozeb as a tank mix or pre-mix provide better control than copper alone. 90% Poor to Bacterial spot Streptomycin sulfate (1:3) 6310 3810-74-0 Fair, 25- Can ONLY be used in the GREENHOUSE. Resistance to streptomycin is known in the pathogen. 80% Corynespora leaf Poor, 25- Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not make more than 1 application before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 spot 60% Azoxystrobin in combination with some adjuvants may cause crop injury under high temperatures. 128810 Corynespora leaf Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 + Unknown Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not make more than 1 application without switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 81901 128810 131860-33-8 Corynespora leaf Azoxystrobin + Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Do not make more than 2 + + 119446-68- Unknown spot Difenoconazole applications before rotating to another fungicide with a different mode of action. 128847 3 Corynespora leaf Poor, 25- boscalid 128008 188425-85-6 Resistance to this fungicide has been reported. spot 60% Corynespora leaf Fair, 60- Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 spot 80% 81901 Corynespora leaf Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Fair, 60- + Check copper labels for specific precautios and limitations for mixing with this product. spot Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 80% 129106 288202 121552-61-2 Corynespora leaf Cyprodinil + Fair, 60- + + 119446-68- Do not make more than 2 applications before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot Difenoconazole 80% 128847 3 128847 119446-68-3 Corynespora leaf Difenoconazole + + + 1072957- Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. See label for limits per season. spot Benzovindiflupyr 122305 71-1 128847 119446-68-3 Corynespora leaf Difenoconazole + Good, 80- + + 374726-62- Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot Mandipropamide 90% 36602 2 113202 Corynespora leaf 131807-57-3 Fair, 60- Famoxadone + Cymoxanil + Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in the pathogen. spot + 57966-95-7 80% 129106 80302 Corynespora leaf 658066-35-4 Fluopyram + Pyrimethanil + Unknown Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot + 53112-28-0 288201 80302 658066-35-4 Corynespora leaf Fluopyram + + + 141517-21- Unknown Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot Trifloxystrobin 129112 7 Corynespora leaf Fluoxastrobin 28869 361377-29-9 Unknown Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not make more than 1 application before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot Corynespora leaf Flutriafol 128940 76674-21-0 Unknown spot 138009 907204-31-3 Corynespora leaf Fluxapyroxad + Fair, 60- + + 175013-18- Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot Pyraclostrobin 80% 99100 0 Corynespora leaf Fair, 60- Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 spot 80% 14504 Corynespora leaf 8018-01-7 + Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Unknown spot 156052-68-5 101702 Corynespora leaf Fair, 60- Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot 80% Corynespora leaf Fair, 60- Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Resistance to FRAC group 11 is known to occur in this pathogen. Do not make more than 2 applications before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. spot 80% Limit of 37 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Under high Excellent, temperatures Satori in combination with some additives or adjuvants may cause crop injury. Early blight Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 90-100% Resistance may occur. 128810 Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 Excellent, Early blight + Must alternate with a non-FRAC code 11; use of an adjuvant may cause phytotoxicity. Do not make more than 5 applications of a Group 11 fungicide/acre/season. Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 90-100% 81901 128810 131860-33-8 Azoxystrobin + Excellent, Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating Early blight + + 119446-68- Difenoconazole 90-100% to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Do not use on tomato varieties that bear mature fruit less than 2 inches in diameter. 128847 3 Good, 80- Early blight boscalid 128008 188425-85-6 Limit of 21 oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two applications of the high rate per season and no more than six applications of the low rate per season. 90% Fair, 60- Early blight Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Refer to individual labels for rates and restrictions. 80% 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Fair, 60- Early blight + Check copper labels for specific precautions and limitations for mixing with this product. Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 80% 129106 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Good, 80- Early blight + + 119446-68- Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Difenoconazole 90% 128847 3 288202 121552-61-2 Fair, 60- Early blight Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil + + 131341-86- Limit of 56 oz per acre per season. After two applications alternate with another fungicide with a different mode of action for two applications. 80% 71503 1 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Good, 80- Early blight + + 1072957- Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non Group 7 fungicide. See label for application intervals and limits per season. Benzovindiflupyr 90% 122305 71-1 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Fair, 60- Early blight + + 374726-62- Limit of 28 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than two consecutive applications before alternating with a fungicides that have a different mode of action. Mandipropamide 80% 36602 2 113202 Fair to 131807-57-3 Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Must be tank mxed with Early blight Famoxadone + Cymoxanil + Good, 50- + 57966-95-7 a contact fungicide that has a different mode of action. 129106 90% Fair, 60- Limit of 24.6 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. NOTE: Reason 500 SC is not Early blight Fenamidone 46679 161326-34-7 80% labeled for Target spot management. 80302 658066-35-4 Good, 80- Early blight Fluopyram + Pyrimethanil + See label for limits on application amounts per season. Do not make more than 2 applications of Group 7 or 9 fungicides without switching to a different mode of action. + 53112-28-0 90% 288201 80302 658066-35-4 Fluopyram + Good, 80- Early blight + + 141517-21- Do not exceed 5 applications or 27.1 fl oz/acre/season. Do not make more than 2 applications of Group 7 or 9 fungicides without switching to a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin 90% 129112 7 Fair to Early blight Fluoxastrobin 28869 361377-29-9 Good, 50- Limit of 22.8 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 90% Fair, 60- Early blight Flutriafol 128940 76674-21-0 (Rhyme) Do not exceed more than 4 applications or 28 fl oz product/acre/season. 80% 138009 907204-31-3 Fluxapyroxad + Good, 80- Early blight + + 175013-18- Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Pyraclostrobin 90% 99100 0 Good, 80- Early blight Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 See label for instructions. 90% 14504 8018-01-7 + Fair, 60- Early blight Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. 156052-68-5 80% 101702 Good, 80- Early blight Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 90% No Alternate with non-FRAC code 19 fungicide. Do not apply more than 4.2 oz a.i./acre/season (approximately 76.5 oz product) of Ph-D. Do not apply more than 5 Early blight Polyoxin D zinc salt 230000 146659-78-1 Control, applications/acre/season of OSO. NOT labeled for target spot. <25% Early blight Polyoxin D zinc salt 230000 146659-78-1 Unknown Do not exceed more than 4 applications or 28 fl oz product/acre/season.

Excellent, Limit of 96 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Early blight Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 90-100% Resistance may occur. Fair, 60- Limit of 35 fl oz per acre per season. Use only in a tank mix with another fungicide recommended for early blight. NOTE: Scala SC is not labeled for Septoria leaf spot Early blight Pyrimethanil 288201 53112-28-0 80% management. Scala SC is only labeled for Target spot in Florida. No Early blight Trifloxystrobin 129112 141517-21-7 Control, Limit of 24 lb per acre per season. NOTE: Do not use on cherry tomatoes. Ziram 76DF is not labeled for Target spot management. <25% Fair to Early blight Trifloxystrobin 129112 141517-21-7 Good, 50- Pathogen is known to develop resistance to this class of fungicides. 90% Zinc Fair, 60- Early blight 34805 155-04-4 Limit of 24 lb per acre per season. Do not use on cherry tomatoes. dimethyldithiocarbamate 80% 101702 156052-68-5 Fair, 60- Early blight Zoxamide + Chlorothalonil + Do not use more than 2 sequential applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. + 1897-45-6 80% 81901 Fusarium wilt 1,3-Dichloropropene 29001 542-75-6 29001 1,3-Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + Good, 80- Fusarium wilt + Chloropicrin 76-06-2 90% 81501 Fair, 60- Fusarium wilt Allyl isothiocyanate 4901 57-06-7 80% Good, 80- Fusarium wilt Chloropicrin 81501 76-06-2 90% 81501 Chloropicrin + Metam- 76-06-2 + Good, 80- Fusarium wilt + sodium 137-42-8 90% 39003 Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. 128810 131860-33-8 Azoxystrobin + Gray leaf spot + + 119446-68- Unknown Difenoconazole Make no more than 2 consecutive applications before rotating to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Do not use on tomato varieties that bear 128847 3 mature fruit less than 2 inches in diameter. Gray leaf spot Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Unknown Refer to individual labels for rates and restrictions. 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Gray leaf spot + + 119446-68- Unknown Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Difenoconazole 128847 3 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Gray leaf spot + + 374726-62- Unknown Limit of 28 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Mandipropamide 36602 2 Gray leaf spot Fixed Copper + Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 Unknown Limit of 42.7 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 58 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. 80302 658066-35-4 Gray leaf spot Fluopyram + Pyrimethanil + Unknown See label for limits on applications amounts per season. Do not make more than 2 applications of Group 7 or 9 fungicides without switching to a diffferent mode of action. + 53112-28-0 288201 80302 658066-35-4 Fluopyram + Gray leaf spot + + 141517-21- Unknown Do not exceed 5 applications or 27.1 fl oz/acre/season. Do no make more than 2 applications without switching to a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin 129112 7 Gray leaf spot Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 Unknown 14504 8018-01-7 + Gray leaf spot Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Unknown Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. 156052-68-5 101702 Gray leaf spot Trifloxystrobin 129112 141517-21-7 Unknown Limit of 16 fl oz per are per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with adifferent mode of action. Good, 80- Gray mold boscalid 128008 188425-85-6 Limit of 25 oz per acre per season. Make no more than 2 sequential applications and no mor ethan 2 per crop year. 90% Fair, 60- Gray mold Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Refer to individual labels for rates and restrictions. 80% 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Fair, 60- Gray mold + Limit of 32 pt per acre per season. Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 80% 129106 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Good, 80- Gray mold + + 119446-68- Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Do not mkae more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Difenoconazole 90% 128847 3 Gray mold Fludioxonil 71503 131341-86-1 Unknown Use as a postharvest dip only. NOTE: Do not use on processing tomato varieties. 80302 658066-35-4 Fluopyram + Gray mold + + 141517-21- Unknown Do not exceed 5 applications of 27.1 fl oz/acre/season. Do not make more than 2 applications without switching to a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin 129112 7 138009 907204-31-3 Fluxapyroxad + Poor, 25- Gray mold + + 175013-18- Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Pyraclostrobin 60% 99100 0 Good, 80- Disease suppression only. Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different Gray mold Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 90% mode of action. Poor, 25- Gray mold Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Disease suppression only. No more than 2 applications allowed before switching to a different mode of action. Do not exceed 96 oz/acre/season. 60% Fair, 60- Gray mold Pyrimethanil 288201 53112-28-0 Limit of 35 fl oz per acre per season. 80% 119210 865318-97-4 Ametoctradin + Good, 80- Limt of 42 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. The addition of a Late blight + + 110488-70- Dimethomorph 90% spreading or penetrating adjuvant is recommended to improve product performance. 268800 5 Fair, 60- Limit of 37 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Apply at 5 to 7 day Late blight Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 80% intervals for effective late blight management. 128810 Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 Good, 80- Late blight + Must alternate with a non-FRAC code 11; use of an adjuvant may cause phytotoxicity. Do not make more than 5 applications of a Group 11 fungicide/acre/season. Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 90% 81901 Good, 80- Late blight Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Refer to individual labels for rates and restrictions. 90% No Late blight Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Control, Mefenoxam + chlorothalonil: Do not make more than 3 applications of Ridomil Gold/Bravo or Ridomil Gold MZ per crop. Tank mix Brazo MZ58 with 0.45 lb mancozeb 80W. <25% 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Good, 80- Late blight + Check copper labels for specific precautions and limtations for mixing with this product. Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 90% 129106 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Excellent, Do not make more than 3 applications of Ridomil Gold/Bravo or Ridomil Gold MZ per crop. Tank mix Bravo MZ58 with 0.45 lb mancozeb 80W. Late blight + Mefenoxam 70630-17-0 90-100% 113502 Resistance may occur. Fair, 60- Limit of 16.5 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Ranman must be tank Late blight Cyazofamid 85651 120116-88-3 80% mixed with an organosilicate surfactant. Fair, 60- Late blight Cymoxanil 129106 57966-95-7 Limit of 30 oz per 12-month period. Use only in combination with a labeled rate of a protectant fungicide. If late blight is present use 5 oz per acre on a 5-day schedule. 80% 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Good, 80- Late blight + + 374726-62- Limit of 28 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than two consecutive applications before alternating with a fungicide that have a different mode of action. Mandipropamide 90% 36602 2 Good, 80- Late blight Dimethomorph 268800 110488-70-5 Limit of 30 oz per acre per season. Performance is improved if tanked mix with another fungicide with a different mode of action. Follow label restrictions carefully. 90% dimethomorph + ametroctradin: Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different No Late blight Dimethomorph 268800 110488-70-5 Control, mode of action. The addition of a spreading or penetrating adjuvant is recommended to improve product performance. <25% *Zampro brand not in database. Fair, 60- Late blight Fenamidone 46679 161326-34-7 Limit of 24.6 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 80% Good, 80- Limit of 12 fl oz per acre per season or four applications. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of Late blight Fluopicolide 27412 239110-15-7 90% action. Use only in combination with a labeled rate of another fungicide product with a different mode of action. Good, 80- Late blight Fluoxastrobin 28869 361377-29-9 Disease suppression only. Limit of 22.8 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 90% 138009 907204-31-3 Fluxapyroxad + Poor, 25- Disease Suppression Only. Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consectuive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a Late blight + + 175013-18- Pyraclostrobin 60% different mode of action. 99100 0 Fair, 60- Late blight Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 80% No Late blight Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 Control, See label for instructions. <25% 14504 8018-01-7 + Good, 80- Do not make more than 3 applications of Ridomil Gold/Bravo or Ridomil Gold MZ per crop. Tank mix Bravo MZ58 with 0.45 lb mancozeb 80W. Late blight Mancozeb + Mefenoxam + 70630-17-0 90% 113502 Resistance may occur. 14504 8018-01-7 + Fair, 60- Late blight Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi. 156052-68-5 80% 101702 No Mono- and di- potassium Late blight 76416 13977-65-6 Control, See label. salts of phosphorous acid <25% 128111 1003318-67- Oxathiapiprolin + Excellent, Do not make more than 2 sequential applications without switching to a different mode of action and no more than 6 total applications per season. Do not mix soil Late blight + 9 + 1897-45- Chlorothalonil 90-100% applications and foliar applications. Apply no more than 20 pints of Orondis Opti B per season. 81901 6 128111 1003318-67- Oxathiapiprolin + Excellent, Do not make more than 2 sequential applications without switching to a different mode of action and no more than 6 total applications per season. Limit applications of Late blight + 9 + 374726- Mandipropamide 90-100% Orondis Ultra B to 32 fl oz per acre per season. Limit application of Orondis Ultra B to 32 fl oz per acre per season. Do not mix soil applications and foliar applications. 36602 62-2 No Late blight Polyoxin D zinc salt 230000 146659-78-1 Control, Alternate with non-FRAC code 19 fungicide. Do not apply more than 4.2 oz a.i./acre/season (approx. 76.5 oz product) <25% Fair, 60- Late blight Propamocarb 119301 24579-73-5 Limit of 7.5 pt per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 80% Fair, 60- Late blight Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 No more than 2 applications allowed before switching to a different mode of action. Do not exceed 96 oz/acre/season. 80% No Limit of 16 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating with a protectant fungicide. NOTE: Apply Flint with 75% of the labeled rate of Late blight Trifloxystrobin 129112 141517-21-7 Control, a protectant fungicide. <25% 101702 156052-68-5 Good, 80- Do not use more than 2 sequential applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Do not tank mix with another fungicide if the target pest is Late blight Zoxamide + Chlorothalonil + + 1897-45-6 90% only late blight. Tank mix only if a partner product is required to control other diseases. 81901

128810 131860-33-8 No Do not apply until 32 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Azoxystrobin + Leaf mold + + 119446-68- Control, Difenoconazole Make no more than two consectuvie applications before rotating to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Do not use on tomato varieties 128847 3 <25% that bear mature fruit less than 2 inches in diameter. 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Good, 80- Leaf mold + + 119446-68- Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Difenoconazole 90% 128847 3 128847 119446-68-3 No Difenoconazole + Leaf mold + + 1072957- Control, Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non-Group 7 fungicide. See label for application intervals and limits per season. Benzovindiflupyr 122305 71-1 <25% 113202 No 131807-57-3 Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season (12 month cycle). Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Must Leaf mold Famoxadone + Cymoxanil + Control, + 57966-95-7 be tank mixed with a contact fungicide that has a different mode of action. 129106 <25% 80302 658066-35-4 No Fluopyram + Leaf mold + + 141517-21- Control, Do not exceed 5 applications or 27.1 fl oz/acre/season. Do not make more than 2 applications without switching to a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin 129112 7 <25% Fair, 60- Leaf mold Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 80% 14504 8018-01-7 + Fair, 60- Leaf mold Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. 156052-68-5 80% 101702 (Ph-D) 6.2 oz/A No Leaf mold Polyoxin D zinc salt 230000 146659-78-1 Control, (OSO 5% SC) 3.75 to 13.0 fl oz/A <25% Alternate with non-FRAC code 19 fungicide. No Phytophthora Limit of 37 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Note: Under high Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 Control, blight temperatures Satori in combination with some additives or adjuvants may cause crop injury. <25% 128810 No Phytophthora Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 + Control, Limit of 5 applications of any Group 11 fungicide. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. blight Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 81901 <25% 113202 No Phytophthora 131807-57-3 DISEASE SUPPRESSION ONLY. Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of Famoxadone + Cymoxanil + Control, blight + 57966-95-7 action. Note: Must be tanked mixed with a contact fungicide that has a different mode of action. 129106 <25% No Phytophthora Fixed Copper + 113502 70630-17-0 Control, Tank mix with 0.8 lb a.i. of either maneb or mancozeb. blight Mefenoxam <25% 14504 No Phytophthora 8018-01-7 + Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Control, Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the Mississippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. blight 156052-68-5 101702 <25% 128111 1003318-67- No Phytophthora Oxathiapiprolin + Do not make more than 2 sequential applications without switching to a different mode of action and no more than 6 total applications per season. Do not mix soil + 9 + 1897-45- Control, blight Chlorothalonil applications and foliar applications. Apply no more than 20 pints of Orondis Opti B per season. 81901 6 <25% 128111 1003318-67- No Phytophthora Oxathiapiprolin + Do not make more than 2 sequential applications without switching to a different mode of action and no more than 6 total applications per season. Limit applications of + 9 + 374726- Control, blight Mandipropamide Orondis Ultra B to 32 fl oz per acre per season. Do not mix soil applications and foliar applications. 36602 62-2 <25% Sclerotinia stem 1,3-Dichloropropene 29001 542-75-6 rot Sclerotinia stem Good, 80- Allyl isothiocyanate 4901 57-06-7 rot 90% 81501 Sclerotinia stem Chloropicrin + Metam- 76-06-2 + Excellent, + rot sodium 137-42-8 90-100% 39003 138009 907204-31-3 Sclerotinia stem Fluxapyroxad + Poor, 25- Disease Suppression Only: Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a + + 175013-18- rot Pyraclostrobin 60% different mode of action. 99100 0 No Sclerotinia stem Disease Suppression Only: Limit of 96 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Control, rot action. <25% Good, 80- Limit of 37 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than one application before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Under high Septoria leaf spot Azoxystrobin 128810 131860-33-8 90% temperatures Satori in combination with some additives or adjuvants may cause crop injury. 128810 No Azoxystrobin + 131860-33-8 Septoria leaf spot + Control, Must alternate with a non-FRAC code 11; use of an adjuvant may cause phytotoxicity. Do not make more than 5 applications of a Group 11 fungicide/acre/season. Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 81901 <25% 128810 131860-33-8 No Azoxystrobin + Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating Septoria leaf spot + + 119446-68- Control, Difenoconazole to another effective fungicide with a different mode of action. NOTE: Do not use on tomato varieties that bear mature fruit less than 2 inches in diameter. 128847 3 <25% Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot Chlorothalonil 81901 1897-45-6 Refer to individual labels for rates and restrictions. 80% 81901 Chlorothalonil + 1897-45-6 + Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot + Check copper labels for specific precautions and limtitations for mixing with this product. Cymoxanil 57966-95-7 80% 129106 288202 121552-61-2 Cyprodinil + Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot + + 119446-68- Limit of 47 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Difenoconazole 80% 128847 3 128847 119446-68-3 No Difenoconazole + Septoria leaf spot + + 1072957- Control, Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non Group 7 fungicide. See label for application intervals and limits per season. Benzovindiflupyr 122305 71-1 <25% 128847 119446-68-3 Difenoconazole + Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot + + 374726-62- Limit of 28 fl or per acre per season. Do not apply more than two consecutive applications before alternating with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. Mandipropamide 80% 36602 2 80302 No 658066-35-4 See label for limits on application amounts per season. Do not make more than 2 applications of Group 7 or Group 9 fungicides without switching to a different mode of Septoria leaf spot Fluopyram + Pyrimethanil + Control, + 53112-28-0 action. 288201 <25% 80302 658066-35-4 No Fluopyram + Septoria leaf spot + + 141517-21- Control, Do not exceed 5 applications of 27.1 fl oz/acre/season. Do not make more than 2 applications without switching to a different mode of action. Trifloxystrobin 129112 7 <25% No Septoria leaf spot Fluoxastrobin 28869 361377-29-9 Control, Limit of 22.8 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. <25% 138009 907204-31-3 Fluxapyroxad + Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot + + 175013-18- Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. Pyraclostrobin 80% 99100 0 Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot Mancozeb 14504 8018-01-7 See label. 80% 14504 8018-01-7 + Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot Mancozeb + Zoxamide + Limit of 8 lb per acre per season West of the MIssissippi River. Limit of 16 lb per acre per season East of the Mississippi River. 156052-68-5 80% 101702 Fair, 60- Septoria leaf spot Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 Limit of 72 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a different mode of action. 80% No Septoria leaf spot Polyoxin D zinc salt 230000 146659-78-1 Control, Do not exceed more than 4 applications or 28 fl oz product/acre/season. NOT LABELED FOR SEPTORIA. <25% No Alternate with non-FRAC code 19 fungicide. Do not apply more than 4.2 oz a.i./acre/season (approximately 76.5 oz product) of Ph-D. Do not apply more than 5 Septoria leaf spot Polyoxin D zinc salt 230000 146659-78-1 Control, applications/acre/season of OSO. NOT labeled for target spot. <25% Excellent, Septoria leaf spot Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Limit of 96 fl oz per are per season. Do not make more than two applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. 90-100% 101702 No 156052-68-5 Septoria leaf spot Zoxamide + Chlorothalonil + Control, + 1897-45-6 81901 <25% Fair, 60- Southern stem rot Allyl isothiocyanate 4901 57-06-7 80% 81501 Chloropicrin + Metam- 76-06-2 + Good, 80- Southern stem rot + sodium 137-42-8 90% 39003 128847 119446-68-3 Poor to Difenoconazole + Southern stem rot + + 1072957- Fair, 25- Do not make more than 2 applications before switching to a non-Group 7 fungicide. See label for application intervals and limits per season. Benzovindiflupyr 122305 71-1 80% Poor to Begin applications when conditions favor disease development on 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than once before alternating with fungicides that have a different Southern stem rot Fluoxastrobin 28869 361377-29-9 Fair, 25- ode of action. Do not apply more than 22.8 fl oz per acre per season. 80% 138009 907204-31-3 Poor to Fluxapyroxad + DISEASE SUPPRESSION ONLY. Limit of 24 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two consecutive applications before alternating with fungicides that have a Southern stem rot + + 175013-18- Fair, 25- Pyraclostrobin different mode of action. 99100 0 80% Transplanting: Apply at the time of transplanting for Southern blight suppression. The solution should be agitated often to maintain a uniform mixture to assure proper PCNB (= Good, 80- dosage. Limit of 7.5 lb a.i. per acre per season. Southern stem rot 56502 2593-15-9 pentachloronitrobenzene) 90% In furrow: Apply in 8 to 10 gals of water per acre based on 36-inch row spacing. Apply as in-furrow sprays to the open Poor to Southern stem rot Penthiopyrad 90112 183675-82-3 Fair, 25- Apply as a soil drench to seedling tray or at the time of transplant. 80% Poor to Southern stem rot Pyraclostrobin 99100 175013-18-0 Fair, 25- Disease suppression only. Limit of 96 fl oz per acre per season. Do not make more than two applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. 80% Verticillium wilt 1,3-Dichloropropene 29001 542-75-6 Fair, 60- Verticillium wilt Allyl isothiocyanate 4901 57-06-7 80% Good, 80- Verticillium wilt Chloropicrin 81501 76-06-2 90% 81501 Chloropicrin + Metam- 76-06-2 + Good, 80- Verticillium wilt + sodium 137-42-8 90% 39003

Weeds

Active PC Pest CAS Rating Description/Comments/Resistance Issues Ingredient Code 1,3- 29001 Poor to Broadleaf signalgrass Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Broadleaf signalgrass 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Broadleaf signalgrass + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Postemergence: Apply to actively growing grasses not suffering from drought stress. With Arrow, Clethodim, or Select, add a crop oil concentrate at 1% by volume (1 gal per 100 gal spray mix). With Select Max, add 2 pt of nonionic surfactant per 100 gal spray mixture. Adding crop oil may increase the Broadleaf signalgrass Clethodim 121011 99129-21-2 Unknown likelihood of crop injury at high air temperature. Do not apply on unusually hot and humid days. Very effective in controlling annual bluegrass. PHI = 20 days. Fair, 60- Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Broadleaf signalgrass DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 80% emerge weeds. Dimethyl Good, Broadleaf signalgrass disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Broadleaf signalgrass 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Excellent, Broadleaf signalgrass Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 immediately with a roller to smoot and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply through drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; 90-100% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Fair, 60- Broadleaf signalgrass Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Bareground: Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with a rototilleror tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Good, Broadleaf signalgrass Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 80-90% Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 inches before covering with plastic mulch.

Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event. Poor, 25- Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Broadleaf signalgrass Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 60% result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Fair to Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Broadleaf signalgrass Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 50-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Plasticulture in-row: May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated applcaition prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground in-row: May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato. Good, Broadleaf signalgrass Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 80-90% Post-directed spray: May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. PHI = 21 days.

See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Excellent, Broadleaf signalgrass S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 90-100% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Excellent, Apply to actively growing grasses not under drought stress, Add 1 qt of crop oil concentrate per acre. Adding crop oil to Poast may increase the Broadleaf signalgrass Sethoxydim 121001 74051-80-2 90-100% likelihood of crop injury at high air temperatures. Do not apply Poasts on days that are unusuall hot and humid. PHI = 20 days. Transplant tomato: Apply to pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied postplant as Good, Broadleaf signalgrass Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 a directed spray to soil between the rows and beneath plants and then incorporated. 80-90% Efficacy: No control (< 25%) in Florida. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Canada thistle Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Unknown Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Canada thistle Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Canada thistle Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Unknown Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Canada thistle Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 Unknown surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Canada thistle Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Unknown postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Common cocklebur Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Common cocklebur 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Common cocklebur + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Common cocklebur disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per Halosulfuron- Excellent, 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Common cocklebur 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 90-100% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Preplant: Apply to planting beds before plastic is laid. Tomato may be transplanted 1 day after application. Refer to label for further application Common cocklebur Imazosulfuron 118602 122548-33-8 Unknown instructions. Consult label for approved surfactants and crop rotation restrictions. PHI = 21 days. Metam- Excellent, Common cocklebur 39002 137-41-7 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Potassium 90-100% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Excellent, Common cocklebur Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; 90-100% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Fair, 60- Common cocklebur Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb. a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny day precede application. Preplant: Plasticulture only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Common cocklebur Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 Unknown Postemergence: Plasticulture (fallow beds) only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Good, Common cocklebur Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 80-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Postemergence: Apply post-directed to tomato grown on plastic for control of nutsedge and certain broadleaf weeds. Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prior to application. The application should be made prior to fruit set and at least 45 days prior to harvest. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. Trifloxysulfuron- Common cocklebur 119009 290332-10-4 Unknown sodium Row Middles: Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prioro to application. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. The application should be made prior to fruit set and least 45 days prior to harvest. See label for information on registered tank mixes. Tank mixtures with Select or Poast may resude grass control. See label for more information. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Common purslane Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Common purslane 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Common purslane + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Good, Common purslane DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 emerge weeds. 80-90% Note: DCPA is not often preferred as a control. Dimethyl Good, Common purslane disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch.

Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed Good, Common purslane Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid 80-90% cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing.

Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information.

Fomesafen is labeled in some states: North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Working on label in Arkansas. Not in use in Tennessee. Not labeled in Kentucky but works well. Metam- Excellent, Common purslane 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Excellent, Common purslane Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; 90-100% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Good to Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Common purslane Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Excellent, Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. 80-100% Efficacy: Good-excellent (80-100%) in North Carolina and Florida. Bareground: Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with a rototilleror tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Good, Common purslane Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 80-90% Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 inches before covering with plastic mulch.

Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event. Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Good, result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Common purslane Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 80-90% Efficacy: Good (80-90%) in North Carolina and Florida. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Fair to Common purslane Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Good, Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for 50-90% further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Efficacy: Fair-good (50-90%) in Arkansas and Florida. Fair, 60- Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Common purslane Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 80% surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Excellent, mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with Common purslane S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. 90-100% Efficacy: Good (80-90%) in Arkansas. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Poor, 25- Common purslane Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 60% Efficacy: Poor (25-60%) in Florida, Tennessee, and North Carolina. It ranges from fair-good (50-90%) in Louisiana. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Corn spurry Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Corn spurry 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. Transplanted crop. Apply no later than 1 day before transplanting. Carfentrazone- Corn spurry 128712 128639-02-1 Unknown ethyl Seeded crop (Aim 2EC only). Apply no later than 7 days before planting seeded crop. Use a nonionic surfactant or crop oil with Aim. See label for rate. Coverage is essential for good weed control. Can be tank mixed with other registered burndown herbicides. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Corn spurry + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Corn spurry disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Corn spurry 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Corn spurry Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Bareground: Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with a rototilleror tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Corn spurry Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 Unknown Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 inches before covering with plastic mulch.

Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Corn spurry Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Corn spurry Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Unknown Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Corn spurry Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Unknown postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Cudweed Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80%

Cudweed Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Curly dock Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Unknown Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Preplant: Plasticulture only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application.

Curly dock Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 Unknown Postemergence: Plasticulture (fallow beds) only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Curly dock Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Curly dock Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Unknown Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Curly dock Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 Unknown surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Curly dock S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Unknown mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Curly dock Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Unknown postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Eastern black nightshade Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Eastern black nightshade 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. Transplanted crop. Apply no later than 1 day before transplanting. Carfentrazone- Good, Eastern black nightshade 128712 128639-02-1 ethyl 80-90% Seeded crop (Aim 2EC only). Apply no later than 7 days before planting seeded crop. Use a nonionic surfactant or crop oil with Aim. See label for rate. Coverage is essential for good weed control. Can be tank mixed with other registered burndown herbicides. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Eastern black nightshade + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Eastern black nightshade disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Eastern black nightshade 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Eastern black nightshade Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions.

Poor, 25- Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Eastern black nightshade Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 60% Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application.

Note: Eastern black nightshade has a known resistance to metribuzin in Florida. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Good, Eastern black nightshade Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 80-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Poor, 25- Eastern black nightshade Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 60% Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Poor, 25- Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Eastern black nightshade Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 60% surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Fair, 60- Eastern black nightshade S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 80% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Poor, 25- Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Eastern black nightshade Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 60% postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Eclipta Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Eclipta 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. Transplanted crop. Apply no later than 1 day before transplanting. Carfentrazone- Eclipta 128712 128639-02-1 Unknown ethyl Seeded crop (Aim 2EC only). Apply no later than 7 days before planting seeded crop. Use a nonionic surfactant or crop oil with Aim. See label for rate. Coverage is essential for good weed control. Can be tank mixed with other registered burndown herbicides. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Eclipta + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Postemergence: Apply to actively growing grasses not suffering from drought stress. With Arrow, Clethodim, or Select, add a crop oil concentrate at 1% by volume (1 gal per 100 gal spray mix). With Select Max, add 2 pt of nonionic surfactant per 100 gal spray mixture. Adding crop oil may increase the Eclipta Clethodim 121011 99129-21-2 Unknown likelihood of crop injury at high air temperature. Do not apply on unusually hot and humid days. Very effective in controlling annual bluegrass. PHI = 20 days. Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Eclipta DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 Unknown emerge weeds. Dimethyl Good, Eclipta disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch.

Eclipta Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 Unknown Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing.

Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information. Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per Halosulfuron- 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Eclipta 128721 100784-20-1 Unknown methyl Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Preplant: Apply to planting beds before plastic is laid. Tomato may be transplanted 1 day after application. Refer to label for further application Eclipta Imazosulfuron 118602 122548-33-8 Unknown instructions. Consult label for approved surfactants and crop rotation restrictions. PHI = 21 days. Metam- Excellent, Eclipta 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Excellent, Eclipta Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; 90-100% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Eclipta Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Unknown Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Preplant: Bareground. Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with with a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 Eclipta Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 Unknown inches before covering with plastic mulch. Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event.

Row Middles: Plasticulture. Apply to a weed-free soil surface. Apply within 24 hours of rainfall, or mechanically incorporate or irrigate into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 in. Preplant: Plasticulture only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application.

Eclipta Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 Unknown Postemergence: Plasticulture (fallow beds) only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Eclipta Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 Unknown surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Eclipta S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Unknown mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Eclipta Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Unknown postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Florida beggarweed Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Florida beggarweed 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Florida beggarweed + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Florida beggarweed disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Florida beggarweed 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Florida beggarweed Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Florida beggarweed Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Florida beggarweed S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Unknown mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Goosegrass Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Goosegrass 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Goosegrass + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Fair to Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Goosegrass DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 Good, emerge weeds. 50-90% Dimethyl Good, Goosegrass disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Goosegrass 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Goosegrass Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Fair, 60- Goosegrass Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Bareground: Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with a rototilleror tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Good, Goosegrass Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 80-90% Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 inches before covering with plastic mulch.

Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event. Poor, 25- Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Goosegrass Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 60% result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Fair to Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Goosegrass Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 50-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Good, Goosegrass Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 80-90% Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Poor, 25- Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Goosegrass Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 60% surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Good, Goosegrass S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 80-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Good, Postemergence: Apply to actively growing grasses not under drought stress. Add 1 qt of crop oil concentrate per acre. Adding crop oil to Poast may Goosegrass Sethoxydim 121001 74051-80-2 80-90% increase the likelihood of crop injury at high air temperatures. Do not apply Poast on days that are unusually hot and humid. PHI = 20 days. Good, Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Goosegrass Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 80-90% postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Hairy galinsoga Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Hairy galinsoga 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Hairy galinsoga + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Hairy galinsoga disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per Halosulfuron- Good, 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Hairy galinsoga 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 80-90% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Metam- Excellent, Hairy galinsoga 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Hairy galinsoga Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Good, Hairy galinsoga Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80-90% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Bareground: Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with a rototilleror tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Poor to Hairy galinsoga Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 Fair, 25- Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed 80% immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 inches before covering with plastic mulch.

Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event. Fair, 60- Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Hairy galinsoga Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 80% result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Good, Hairy galinsoga Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 80-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Good, Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Hairy galinsoga Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 80-90% surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Fair to Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Hairy galinsoga S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Good, mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 50-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Transplanted crop. Apply no later than 1 day before transplanting. Carfentrazone- Horsenettle 128712 128639-02-1 Unknown ethyl Seeded crop (Aim 2EC only). Apply no later than 7 days before planting seeded crop. Use a nonionic surfactant or crop oil with Aim. See label for rate. Coverage is essential for good weed control. Can be tank mixed with other registered burndown herbicides. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Horsenettle Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Unknown Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Horsenettle Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Horsenettle Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Unknown Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Horsenettle Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 Unknown surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Horsenettle S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Unknown mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Horsenettle Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Unknown postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. Postemergence: Apply to actively growing grasses not suffering from drought stress. With Arrow, Clethodim, or Select, add a crop oil concentrate at 1% by volume (1 gal per 100 gal spray mix). With Select Max, add 2 pt of nonionic surfactant per 100 gal spray mixture. Adding crop oil may increase the Johnsongrass Clethodim 121011 99129-21-2 Unknown likelihood of crop injury at high air temperature. Do not apply on unusually hot and humid days. Very effective in controlling annual bluegrass. PHI = 20 days. Fair, 60- Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Johnsongrass DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 80% emerge weeds. Preplant: Apply to planting beds before plastic is laid. Tomato may be transplanted 1 day after application. Refer to label for further application Johnsongrass Imazosulfuron 118602 122548-33-8 Unknown instructions. Consult label for approved surfactants and crop rotation restrictions. PHI = 21 days. Preplant: Bareground. Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with with a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 Good, Johnsongrass Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 inches before covering with plastic mulch. 80-90% Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event.

Row Middles: Plasticulture. Apply to a weed-free soil surface. Apply within 24 hours of rainfall, or mechanically incorporate or irrigate into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 in. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Good, Johnsongrass Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 80-90% Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Good, mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with Johnsongrass S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 80-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. S-metalochlor used in Arkansas. Postemergence: Apply to actively growing grasses not under drought stress. Add 1 qt of crop oil concentrate per acre. Adding crop oil to Poast may Good, Johnsongrass Sethoxydim 121001 74051-80-2 increase the likelihood of crop injury at high air temperatures. Do not apply Poast on days that are unusually hot and humid. PHI = 20 days. 80-90% *Poast used in SC: application timing is critical. Good, Transplant tomato: Apply to pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied postplant as Johnsongrass Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 80-90% a directed spray to soil between the rows and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Lambsquarters Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Lambsquarters 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Lambsquarters + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Good, Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Lambsquarters DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 80-90% emerge weeds. Dimethyl Good, Lambsquarters disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Halosulfuron- Fair, 60- Lambsquarters 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 80% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days.

Sandea has rotational crop restrictions. Metam- Excellent, Lambsquarters 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Lambsquarters Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Good, Lambsquarters Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80-90% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Preplant: Bareground. Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with with a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the Fair to surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 Lambsquarters Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 Good, inches before covering with plastic mulch. 50-90% Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event.

Row Middles: Plasticulture. Apply to a weed-free soil surface. Apply within 24 hours of rainfall, or mechanically incorporate or irrigate into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 in. Fair to Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Lambsquarters Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 50-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Lambsquarters Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Unknown Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Postemergence: Apply post-directed to tomato grown on plastic for control of nutsedge and certain broadleaf weeds. Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prior to application. The application should be made prior to fruit set and at least 45 days prior to harvest. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. Trifloxysulfuron- Lambsquarters 119009 290332-10-4 Unknown Row Middles: Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prioro to application. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all sodium applications. The application should be made prior to fruit set and least 45 days prior to harvest. See label for information on registered tank mixes. Tank mixtures with Select or Poast may resude grass control. See label for more information.

*Minor use in Florida. Fair to Transplant tomato: Apply to pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied postplant as Lambsquarters Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Good, a directed spray to soil between the rows and beneath plants and then incorporated. 50-90% 1,3- 29001 Poor to Large crabgrass Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Large crabgrass 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Large crabgrass + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Good, Apply over the top of transplants only between 4 to 6 wk after transplanting to improve preemergence control of late emerging weeds. Will not control Large crabgrass DCPA 78701 1861-32-1 80-90% emerge weeds. Dimethyl Good, Large crabgrass disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per No Halosulfuron- 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Large crabgrass 128721 100784-20-1 Control, methyl <25% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Metam- Excellent, Large crabgrass 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Large crabgrass Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Fair, 60- Large crabgrass Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb. a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny day precede application. Bareground: Apply preplant and incorporate into the soil 1 to 2 in. as soon as possible with a rototilleror tandem disk. Can be used on direct-seeded or transplanted tomatoes. See label for instructions on use.

Plasticulture: Apply to a weed-free soil before laying plastic mulch. Soil should be well worked yet moist enough to permit a thorough incorporation to a depth of 2 inches. Good, Large crabgrass Napropamide 103001 15299-99-7 80-90% Mechanically incorporate or irrigate within 24 hours after application. If weed pressure is from small seeded annuals, apply to the surface of the bed immediately in front of the laying of plastic mulch. If soil is dry, water or sprinkle irrigate with sufficient water to wet to a depth of 2 to 4 inches before covering with plastic mulch.

Between rows: Apply to a weed free soil surface between the rows (bareground or plastic mulch). Mechanically incorporate or irrigate Devrinol into the soil to a depth of 1 to 2 inches within 24 hours of application. See XT labels for information regarding delay in irrigation event. Poor, 25- Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Large crabgrass Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 60% result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Fair to Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Large crabgrass Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 50-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Preplant: Plasticulture in-row. May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days. Good, Large crabgrass Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 80-90% Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. Poor to Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Large crabgrass Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 Fair, 25- surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. 80% Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Good, Large crabgrass S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 80-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Good, Apply to actively growing grasses not under drought stress, Add 1 qt of crop oil concentrate per acre. Adding crop oil to Poast may increase the Large crabgrass Sethoxydim 121001 74051-80-2 80-90% likelihood of crop injury at high air temperatures. Do not apply Poasts on days that are unusuall hot and humid. PHI = 20 days. Good, Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Large crabgrass Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 80-90% postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Morningglory Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Morningglory 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Morningglory + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Morningglory disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch. Good, Morningglory Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 80-90% Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing.

Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information. Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per Halosulfuron- Fair, 60- 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Morningglory 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 80% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Metam- Excellent, Morningglory 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Excellent, Morningglory Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; 90-100% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Excellent, Morningglory Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 90-100% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Morningglory Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 Unknown result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Fair to Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Morningglory Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 50-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Fair, 60- Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Morningglory Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 80% surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Postemergence: Apply post-directed to tomato grown on plastic for control of nutsedge and certain broadleaf weeds. Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prior to application. The application should be made prior to fruit set and at least 45 days prior to harvest. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt Trifloxysulfuron- Good, per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. Morningglory 119009 290332-10-4 sodium 80-90% Note: Envoke works best when weeds are small; only post-emergent.

Efficacy: Fair (50-70%) in Florida. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Palmer amaranth Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Palmer amaranth 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Palmer amaranth + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Palmer amaranth disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch.

Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed Excellent, Palmer amaranth Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid 90-100% cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing.

Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information.

*Palmer amaranth has been known to have some resistance to fomesafen.

Efficacy: In Arkansas, Fair (60-70%) control even though resistance known. Metam- Excellent, Palmer amaranth 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Excellent, Palmer amaranth Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; 90-100% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Good to Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Palmer amaranth Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Excellent, Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. 80-100% Efficacy: Good-excellent (80-100%) in North Carolina. Plasticulture in-row: May be applied as a preplant surface application or a preplant incorporated applcaition prior to transplanting tomato.

Bareground in-row: May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato. Fair, 60- Palmer amaranth Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 80% Post-directed spray: May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. PHI = 21 days.

See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions. Good, Postemergence: Apply in tomatoes after the crop has at least two true leaves and weeds are small (1 in. or less) and actively growing. Add nonionic Palmer amaranth Rimsulfuron 129009 122931-48-0 80-90% surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply within 45 days of tomato harvest. See label for further instruction. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Good to mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with Palmer amaranth S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Excellent, crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. 80-100% Efficacy: Good-excellent (80-100%) in Arkansas and North Carolina. Fair to Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Palmer amaranth Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 Good, postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. 50-90% 1,3- 29001 Poor to Pennsylvania smartweed Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Pennsylvania smartweed 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Pennsylvania smartweed + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Pennsylvania smartweed disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch. Good, Pennsylvania smartweed Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 80-90% Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing.

Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information. Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per Halosulfuron- Fair, 60- 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Pennsylvania smartweed 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 80% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Metam- Excellent, Pennsylvania smartweed 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Pennsylvania smartweed Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Good, Pennsylvania smartweed Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80-90% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb. a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny day precede application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Fair, 60- Pennsylvania smartweed Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 80% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Good, Pennsylvania smartweed S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 80-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Preplant: Transplant tomato. Apply pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied Fair, 60- postplant as a directed spray to soil between the row and beneath plants and then incorporated. Pennsylvania smartweed Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 80% Efficacy: Fair (60-80%) in South Carolina and North Carolina. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Primrose, cutleaf evening Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Primrose, cutleaf evening 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Primrose, cutleaf evening + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Primrose, cutleaf evening disulfide 29088 624-92-0 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Primrose, cutleaf evening 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Primrose, cutleaf evening Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 90-100% Preplant: Plasticulture only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application.

Primrose, cutleaf evening Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 Unknown Postemergence: Plasticulture (fallow beds) only. Apply to soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Primrose, cutleaf evening Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Purple nutsedge Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% No Allyl Purple nutsedge 4901 57-06-7 Control, isothiocyanate <25% 81501 Chloropicrin + Fair, 60- Purple nutsedge + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 80% 39003 Dimethyl Excellent, Purple nutsedge disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 90-100% (DMDS) Refer to label for further application instructions. Consult label for approved surfactants and crop rotation restrictions. PHI = 21 days. Purple nutsedge Imazosulfuron 118602 122548-33-8 Unknown Postemergent application ONLY for purple nutsedge. No Metam- Purple nutsedge 39002 137-41-7 Control, Potassium <25% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply No when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Purple nutsedge Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 Control, immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; <25% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Chloropicrin (150 lb/A broadcast) will also be needed when laying first crop mulch to control nutsedge. Fair to Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Purple nutsedge Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 50-90% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Postemergence: Apply post-directed to tomato grown on plastic for control of nutsedge and certain broadleaf weeds. Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prior to application. The application should be made prior to fruit set and at least 45 days prior to harvest. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. Trifloxysulfuron- Purple nutsedge 119009 290332-10-4 Unknown sodium Row Middles: Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prioro to application. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. The application should be made prior to fruit set and least 45 days prior to harvest. See label for information on registered tank mixes. Tank mixtures with Select or Poast may resude grass control. See label for more information. 1,3- 29001 Poor, 25- Pusley Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 60% + Chloropicrin 81501 Allyl Good, Pusley 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% Transplanted crop. Apply no later than 1 day before transplanting. Carfentrazone- Pusley 128712 128639-02-1 Unknown ethyl Seeded crop (Aim 2EC only). Apply no later than 7 days before planting seeded crop. Use a nonionic surfactant or crop oil with Aim. See label for rate. Coverage is essential for good weed control. Can be tank mixed with other registered burndown herbicides. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Pusley + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Pusley disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Metam- Excellent, Pusley 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Pusley Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Pusley Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Bareground-in-row. May be applied as a broadcast preplant surface application or preplant incorporated application prior to transplanting tomato.

Post-directed spray. May be applied as a post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants, and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply over the top of tomato. PHI = 21 days.

Pusley Pendimethalin 108501 40487-42-1 Unknown Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. See label for further instructions and precautions.

Row Middles: Post-directed spray on the soil at the base of the plant, beneath plants and between rows. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season. See label for specific use rate for your soil type. Emerged weeds will not be controlled. Avoid direct contact with tomato foliage or stems. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest. See label for further instructions and precautions. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Ragweed –common Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Ragweed –common 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. Transplanted crop. Apply no later than 1 day before transplanting.

Carfentrazone- Fair, 60- Seeded crop (Aim 2EC only). Apply no later than 7 days before planting seeded crop. Use a nonionic surfactant or crop oil with Aim. See label for rate. Ragweed –common 128712 128639-02-1 ethyl 80% Coverage is essential for good weed control. Can be tank mixed with other registered burndown herbicides.

Aim is labeled for multiple weeds (small 4 in. or less). In post-emergent applications timing is critical 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Ragweed –common + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Ragweed –common disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch. Good to Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed Ragweed –common Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 Excellent, after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid 80-100% cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing. Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information.

Efficacy: Good-excellent (80-100%) in South Carolina. Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Halosulfuron- Good, Ragweed –common 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 80-90% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days.

Efficacy: Good (80-90%) in North Carolina. Metam- Excellent, Ragweed –common 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Ragweed –common Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions.

Excellent, Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Ragweed –common Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 90-100% Do not exceed 1 lb. a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny day precede application.

Efficacy: Excellent (80-90%) in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Good, Plasticulture only. Apply to the soil surface of pre-formed beds at least 30 days prior to transplanting crop. While incorporation is not necessary, it may Ragweed –common Oxyfluorfen 111601 42874-03-3 80-90% result in less crop injury. Plastic mulch can be applied any time after application but best results are likely if applied soon after application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Fair to Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz Ragweed –common Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Good, per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. 50-90% Note: Reglone is labeled in Florida, registration still pending for other states. Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Good, mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with Ragweed –common S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 80-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Efficacy: Good (80-90%) in South Carolina. Transplant tomato: Apply to pretransplant and incorporate into the soil 2 to 3 in. within 8 hr using a rototiller or tandem disk. Can be applied postplant as Good, a directed spray to soil between the rows and beneath plants and then incorporated. Ragweed –common Trifluralin 36101 1582-09-8 80-90% Efficacy: Good (80-90%) in South Carolina. Allyl Good, Product is registered, but there is limited experience with this product by University Extension programs or independant trials in our region. The active Ragweed parthenium 4901 57-06-7 isothiocyanate 80-90% ingredient is simlar to the active ingredient in metam sodium products and is likely to behave in a similar manner. 81501 Chloropicrin + Excellent, Ragweed parthenium + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 90-100% 39003 Dimethyl Good, Ragweed parthenium disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 80-90% (DMDS) Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per Halosulfuron- 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Ragweed parthenium 128721 100784-20-1 Unknown methyl Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days. Metam- Excellent, Ragweed parthenium 39002 137-41-7 Potassium 90-100% Excellent, Ragweed parthenium Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. 90-100% Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Ragweed parthenium Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 Unknown Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny days prior to application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Ragweed parthenium Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Unknown Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. 1,3- 29001 Poor to Yellow nutsedge Dichloropropene + 542-75-6 + 76-06-2 Fair, 25- + Chloropicrin 81501 80% No Allyl Yellow nutsedge 4901 57-06-7 Control, isothiocyanate <25% 81501 Chloropicrin + Fair, 60- Yellow nutsedge + 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Metam-sodium 80% 39003 Dimethyl Excellent, Yellow nutsedge disulfide 29088 624-92-0 Product may have low efficacy on certain small seeded broadleaf weeds and grasses. Paladin may not be registered in all states. 90-100% (DMDS) Preplant: This is a Section 24(c) special local needs label for transplanted tomato in NC. Growers must obtain the label at http://www.farmassist.com prior to making an application of Reflex. See label for further instructions.

Plasticulture In-Row Application for Transplanted Tomato. Apply after final bed formation and the drip tape is laid but prior to laying plastic mulch. Avoid soil disturbance after application. Unless restricted by other products such as fumigants, tomato may be transplanted immediately following the application of Reflex and the application of the mulch. Fair, 60- Yellow nutsedge Fomesafen 123803 72178-02-0 80% Bareground for Transplanted Tomato. Apply pretransplant up to 7 days prior to transplanting tomato. Weed control will be reduced if soil is disturbed after application. During the transplanting operation, make sure the soil in the transplant hole settles flush or above the surrounding soil surface. Avoid cultural practices that may concentrate Reflex-treated soil around the transplant root ball. An overhead irrgation or tainfall event between Reflex herbicide application and transplanting will ensure herbicide activation and will likely reduce the potential for crop injury due to splashing.

Plasticulture Row Middle Application. Apply to row middles with a hooded or shielded sprayer. Avoid drift of herbicide on mulch. If drift occurs, 0.5 inch of rain or irrigation must occur prior to transplanting. Carryover is a large concern; see label for more information. Preplant: For pretransplant application under plastic mulch, apply to pre-formed bed just prior to plastic mulch application and delay transplanting at least 7 days. Can be applied for pretransplant application in bareground tomato. Early season application will give postemergence and preemergence control. The 1 oz rate is for preemergence and posteremergence control in row middles only. For postemergence applications, use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. PHI = 30 days. Halosulfuron- Good, Yellow nutsedge 128721 100784-20-1 methyl 80-90% Post-emergence: Apply no sooner than 14 days after transplanting. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution. Some weeds, such as nutsedge, may require two applications of Sandea; if a second application is needed, spot-treat only weed-infested areas. See label for further. PHI = 30 days.

Efficacy: Post-emergent control is good-excellent (80-100%). Pre-emergent control is good (80-90%). Preplant: Apply to planting beds before plastic is laid. Tomato may be transplanted 1 day after application. Refer to label for further application Fair to instructions. Consult label for approved surfactants and crop rotation restrictions. PHI = 21 days. Yellow nutsedge Imazosulfuron 118602 122548-33-8 Good, 50-90% Efficacy: Fair-good (50-90%) in North Carolina and Florida. No Metam- Yellow nutsedge 39002 137-41-7 Control, Potassium <25% In soils with high sodium content, use metam potassium instead of metam sodium. Preplant: Rates are dependent on soil type and weeds present. Apply No when soil moisture is at field capacity (100 to 125%). Apply through soil injection using a rotary tiller or inject with knives no more than 4 in. apart; follow Yellow nutsedge Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 Control, immediately with a roller to smooth and compact the soil surface or with mulch. May apply thrugh drip irrigation prior to planting a second crop on mulch; <25% however, adhere to label guidelines on crop plant back interval. Plant back interval is often 14 to 21 days and can be 30 days in some environments. See label for all restrictions and additional information. Chloropicrin (150 lb/A broadcast) will also be needed when laying first crop mulch to control nutsedge. Preplant: Apply to soil surface and incorporate 2 to 4 in. deep before transplanting. See label for instructions. Fair, 60- Yellow nutsedge Metribuzin 101101 21087-64-9 80% Postemergence: Use either as a broadcast or directed spray but do not exceed 0.5 lb a.i. with a broadcast spray. Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Do not exceed 1 lb. a.i. per year. Do not apply as a broadcast spray unless 3 sunny day precede application. Apply to emerged weeds in a minimum of 20 gal spray mix per acre before crop emergence as a broadcast or band treatment over a preformed row. Poor, 25- Yellow nutsedge Paraquat 61603 4685-14-7 Row should be formed several days ahead of planting and treating to allow maximum weed emergece. Use a nonionic surfactant at a rate of 16 to 32 oz 60% per 100 gal spray mix or 1 gal approved crop oil concentrate per 100 gal spray mix. Fair to Apply preplant or postdirected to transplants after the first settling rain or irrigation. In plasticulture, apply to preformed beds just prior to applying plastic Yellow nutsedge S-Metolachlor 108800 87392-12-9 Good, mulch. Lower rates of rate range for S-metolachlor are safest to tomato. May also be used to treat row middles in bedded tomato. Minimize contact with 50-90% crop. Also registered for use in row middles, and in seeded crop. See label for further instructions. PHI = 90 days. Postemergence: Apply post-directed to tomato grown on plastic for control of nutsedge and certain broadleaf weeds. Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prior to application. The application should be made prior to fruit set and at least 45 days prior to harvest. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt Good to Trifloxysulfuron- per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. Yellow nutsedge 119009 290332-10-4 Excellent, sodium 80-100% Row Middles: Crop should be transplanted at least 14 days prioro to application. Use nonionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal spray solution with all applications. The application should be made prior to fruit set and least 45 days prior to harvest. See label for information on registered tank mixes. Tank mixtures with Select or Poast may resude grass control. See label for more information.

Nematodes

Description/Comments/Resistance Pest Active Ingredient PC Code CAS Rating Issues Root-knot nematode 1,3-Dichloropropene 29001 542-75-6 Excellent, 90-100% Root-knot nematode Allyl isothiocyanate 4901 57-06-7 Fair, 60-80% Root-knot nematode Chloropicrin 81501 76-06-2 Poor, 25-60% Root-knot nematode Chloropicrin + Metam-sodium 81501 + 39003 76-06-2 + 137-42-8 Fair, 60-80% Root-knot nematode Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) 29088 624-92-0 Excellent, 90-100% Root-knot nematode Metam-sodium 39003 137-42-8 Fair, 60-80%

Mites

Pest Active Ingredient PC Code CAS Rating Description/Comments/Resistance Issues Good, 80- Spider mites Abamectin 122804 71751-41-2 Do not exceed 3 applications per season. Efficacy reported as good when used at high rates. 90% Fair, 60- Spider mites Acequinocyl 6329 57960-19-7 The use of a surfactant/adjuvant with Kanemite on tomatoes is prohibited. 80% Fair, 60- Spider mites Bifenazate 586 149877-41-8 Do not make more than one application per season. 80% Fair, 60- (Nealta) Do not make more than one application before using an effective miticide with a different mode of action. Efficacy was Spider mites Cyflumetofen 138831 400882-07-7 80% reported as poor in GA, but good in SC. Fair, 60- Spider mites Fenpyroximate 129131 134098-61-6 (Portal) Do not make more than two applications per season. 80% Fair, 60- Spider mites Spiromesifen 24875 283594-90-1 Do not exceed 3 applications per season. 80%

TIMELINES

Production Practices Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments Crop Varieties N/A Food safety is associated with fruit production and harvest. This timing varies from state to state, but spans Food Safety x x x x x x x x x x x x the whole year in the southeast region. Harvesting x x x x x x x x x x x x Harvest varies from state to state, but spans the whole year in the southeast region. Planting x x x x x x x x x x x x Planting dates vary from state to state, but spans the whole year in the southeast region. Planting Dates x x x x x x x x x x x x See planting dates in Production Practices section. Pruning x x x x x x x x x x x x Pruning occurs early in the production cycle, but is dependent on planting date. Pests Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments aphids Armyworms cabbage looper Colorado Potato Beetle Corn Earworm hornworm Potato flea beetle Stinkbugs thrips tomato leafminer Tomato pinworm Whiteflies Alternaria black molds / stem cankers x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. anthracnose x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. bacterial canker x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Pest is only a problem in cooler climates such as western North Carolina, Kentucky, eastern TN, western bacterial speck x x x x Virginia. bacterial spot bacterial wilt x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Corynespora leaf spot Early Blight x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Fusarium wilt x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. gray leaf spot x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Gray Mold x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Pest is only a problem in cooler climates such as western North Carolina, Kentucky, eastern TN, western late blight x x x x Virginia. leaf mold x x x x x Pest is primarily a problem in Georgia. Phytophthora blight x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem primarily during harvest throughout the region. Sclerotinia timber rot x x x x Pest is a problem during cooler weather. Septoria leaf spot x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Southern stem rot x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Tomato Pith Necrosis x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. Tomato spotted wilt virus x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) Pest is only a problem in cooler climates such as western North Carolina, Kentucky, eastern TN, western Verticillium wilt x x x x x Virginia. Broadleaf signalgrass Canada Thistle Common cocklebur common purslane Corn spurry Cudweed Curly dock Eastern Black Nightshade Eclipta Florida beggarweed Goosegrass Hairy galinsoga Horsenettle Johnsongrass Lambsquarters large crabgrass morning-glory Palmer amaranth Pennsylvania smartweed Primrose, cutleaf evening Purple nutsedge Pusley Ragweed –common ragweed parthenium Yellow Nutsedge root-knot nematode x x x x x x x x x x x x Pest is a problem during the whole crop production cycle. spider mites Chemicals Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments 1,3-Dichloropropene (Fumigant) 1,3-Dichloropropene + Chloropicrin (Fumigant) Allyl isothiocyanate (Fumigant) Chloropicrin (Fumigant) Chloropicrin + Metam-sodium (Fumigant) Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) (Fumigant) Metam-Potassium (Fumigant) Metam-sodium (Fumigant) Acibenzolar-s-methyl (Fungicide) Allyl isosulfocyanate (Fungicide) Ametoctradin + Dimethomorph (Fungicide) Azoxystrobin (Fungicide) Azoxystrobin + Chlorothalonil (Fungicide) Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole (Fungicide) Bacillus mycoides Isolate J (Fungicide) Bacteriophage (from selected Pseudomonas species) (Fungicide) boscalid (Fungicide) Chlorothalonil (Fungicide) Chlorothalonil + Cymoxanil (Fungicide) Chlorothalonil + Mefenoxam (Fungicide) Copper hydroxide (Fungicide) Copper octanoate (Fungicide) Cyazofamid (Fungicide) Cymoxanil (Fungicide) Cyprodinil + Difenoconazole (Fungicide) Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil (Fungicide) Dicloran (Fungicide) Difenoconazole + Benzovindiflupyr (Fungicide) Difenoconazole + Mandipropamide (Fungicide) Dimethomorph (Fungicide) Famoxadone + Cymoxanil (Fungicide) Fenamidone (Fungicide) Fixed Copper + Mancozeb (Fungicide) Fixed Copper + Mefenoxam (Fungicide) Fludioxonil (Fungicide) Fluopicolide (Fungicide) Fluopyram + Pyrimethanil (Fungicide) Fluopyram + Trifloxystrobin (Fungicide) Fluoxastrobin (Fungicide) Flutriafol (Fungicide) Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin (Fungicide) Mancozeb (Fungicide) Mancozeb + Copper hydroxide (Fungicide) Mancozeb + Mefenoxam (Fungicide) Mancozeb + Zoxamide (Fungicide) Mandipropamide Technical (Fungicide) Mono- and di- potassium salts of phosphorous acid (Fungicide) Oxathiapiprolin + Chlorothalonil (Fungicide) Oxathiapiprolin + Mandipropamide (Fungicide) Penthiopyrad (Fungicide) Polyoxin D zinc salt (Fungicide) Potassium Phosphite (Fungicide) Propamocarb (Fungicide) Propamocarb hydrochloride (Fungicide) Pyraclostrobin (Fungicide) Pyrimethanil (Fungicide) Quinoxyfen (Fungicide) Reynoutria sachalinensis (Fungicide) Sodium hypochlorite (Fungicide) Streptomycin sulfate (1:3) (Fungicide) Trifloxystrobin (Fungicide) Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (Fungicide) Zoxamide + Chlorothalonil (Fungicide) Carfentrazone-ethyl (Herbicide) Clethodim (Herbicide) DCPA (Herbicide) Fomesafen (Herbicide) Halosulfuron-methyl (Herbicide) Imazosulfuron (Herbicide) Metribuzin (Herbicide) Napropamide (Herbicide) Oxyfluorfen (Herbicide) Paraquat (Herbicide) Pendimethalin (Herbicide) Peroxyacetic acid (Herbicide) Rimsulfuron (Herbicide) S-Metolachlor (Herbicide) Sethoxydim (Herbicide) Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (Herbicide) Trifluralin (Herbicide) Abamectin (Insecticide) Acetamiprid (Insecticide) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Insecticide) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Insecticide) Buprofezin (Insecticide) Chlorantraniliprole (Insecticide) Clothianidin (Insecticide) Cyantraniliprole (Insecticide) Cyflumetofen (Insecticide) Cyromazine (Insecticide) Diazinon (Insecticide) Dimethoate (Insecticide) Dinotefuran (Insecticide) Emamectin benzoate (Insecticide) Flonicamid (Insecticide) Flupyradifurone (Insecticide) Imidacloprid (Insecticide) Indoxacarb (Insecticide) Methomyl (Insecticide) Methoxyfenozide (Insecticide) Novaluron (Insecticide) Pymetrozine (Insecticide) Pyrethroid (Insecticide) Pyriproxyfen (Insecticide) Spinetoram (amixture of spinetoram-J and spinetoram-L) (Insecticide) Spinetoram (minor component (4-methyl)) (Insecticide) Spirotetramat (Insecticide) Thiamethoxam (Insecticide) Acequinocyl (Miticide) Bifenazate (Miticide) Fenpyroximate (Miticide) Spiromesifen (Miticide)

REFERENCES

Kemble, J.M., I.M. Meadows, K.M. Jennings, and J.F. Walgenbach (Eds.). 2018. 2018 Vegetable Crop Handbook for the Southeastern US. Meister Media Worldwide. Willoughby, OH.

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2016. Vegetables 2015 Summary.

USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2012 Census of Agriculture - State Data

Riley, D., Culpepper, S., Kelley, T., Keinath, A.P., Langston, D., Smith, J.P., Sparks, S. 2007. Pest Management Strategic Plan for Tomato for Georgia and South Carolina.

Pest Management Strategic Plan for Tomato in Virginia, North Carolina, and Delaware. 2006. Walgenbach, J.F., Ivors, K.L., Davis, J.M., Monks, D.W., and Toth, Jr., S.J. 2005. Crop Profile for Tomatoes in North Carolina.

Ivors, K. (ed.). 2010. Commercial Production of Staked Tomatoes in the Southeast.

Commercial Tomato Production Handbook. 2017. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension.

Webb, S.E., Stansly, P.A., Schuster, D.J., Funderburk, J.E., and Smith, H. 2017. Insect Management for Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant. Publication ENY-461. University of Florida, IFAS Extension.

Freeman, J.H., McAvoy, E.J., Boyd, N.S., Kinessary, R., Ozores-Hampton, M., Smith, H.A., Noling, J.W., and Vallad, G. 2017. Tomato Production. Chapter 18 in: Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida, 2017-2018. University of Florida.

Griffin, R.P., Khan, M.F.R. 2018. Tomato Crop Insects. Clemson Cooperative Extension.

Blake, J., Keinath, A.P., Kluepfel, M., and Williamson, J. 2017. Tomato Diseases & Disorders. HGIC 2217. Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center.

Wolfpack Weeds. 2018. Department of Horticultural Science. North Carolina State University.

Walgenbach, J. 2018. Insect Management on Fruiting Vegetables in North Carolina (Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Tomatillo, and Okra). North Carolina State University.

Turfgrass Weeds. 2018. University of Tennessee.

Vegetable MD Online. 2018. Tomatoes. Cornell University.

Weed Science Fact Sheets. Accessed in January, 2018. Weed Science. University of Florida.

Tomato Diseases. Accessed in January 2018. North Carolina State University.

Jones, J.B., Zitter, T.A., Momol, T.M., and Miller, S.A. 2014. Compendium of Tomato Diseases and Pests, Second Edition. APS Press.

Schonbeck, M. 2014. Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). eORganic 5122. eXtension.org

Flessner, M. Accessed January 2018. Virginia Tech Weed Identification Guide. Virginia Cooperative Extension.

Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations: Virginia

Crop Profile for Tomatoes in Tennessee. July 2002. USDA Pest Management Center

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the Southeast Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference coordinators for hosting the Workshop that helped to update this Pest Management Strategic Plan. We would also like to thank Arysta LifeScience and Agdia, Inc. for providing financial support for the workshop.

Website Managed by the Southern Integrated Pest Management Center United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, STE 110, NCSU Centennial Campus, Raleigh, NC 27606 National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Funding for this project is provided by the USDA NIFA Crop Protection and Management Regional Coordination Program (Agreement No. 2018-70006-28884)

AL,AR,FL,GA,KY,LA,MS,NC,SC,TN,VATomatoPMSP2018.pdf report generated 09-30-2021