DOCSLIB.ORG

10.14457/MU.The.2004.3 24/08/2564 15:35:18

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
10.14457/MU.The.2004.3 24/08/2564 15:35:18 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 TADA JUTHAYOTHIN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY) FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 2004 ISBN 974-04-4861-5 COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY Thesis Entitled MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH เมื่อ 09/10/2564MOSQUITO-BORNE 02:27:14 FLAVIVIRUSES ……………………………………… Mr. Tada Juthayothin Candidate ……………………………………… Assoc. Prof. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Ph.D. Major-Advisor .……………………………………… .……………………………………… Lect. Pahol Kosiyachinda Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Ph.D. M.D., Ph.D. Co-Advisor Co-Advisor …………………………………….. ………………………………………. Assoc. Prof. Rassmidara Hoonsawat, Assoc. Prof. Prayad Pokethitiyook, Ph.D. Ph.D. Dean Chair Faculty of Graduate Studies Master of Science Programme Mahidol University in Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Thesis Entitled MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH เมื่อ 09/10/2564MOSQUITO-BORNE 02:27:14 FLAVIVIRUSES was submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University for the degree of Master of Science (Environmental Biology) on May 19, 2004 ……………………………………… Mr. Tada Juthayothin Candidate ……………………………………… ……………………………………… Lect. John R. Milne, Assoc. Prof. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Ph.D. Ph.D. Member Chair ………………………………………. ……………………………………… Assoc. Prof. Vijittra Leardkamolkarn, Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Ph.D. M.D., Ph.D. Member Member ………………………………………. ……………………………………… Assoc. Prof. Rassmidara Hoonsawat, Prof. Prasert Sobhon, Ph.D. Ph.D. Dean Dean Faculty of Graduate Studies Faculty of Science Mahidol University Mahidol University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to Assoc. Prof. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, my major advisor for invaluable guidance, consultation, comments, suggestions and constructive criticisms. She always gave very useful information and advised me in every way that would bring me success and great development. I also would like to thank Lect. John R. Milne, Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez (IRD, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University, Thailand) and Assoc. Prof. Vijittra Leardkamolkarn (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol เมื่อUniversity, 09/10/2564 Thailand), my thesis committee, 02:27:14 who provided their valuable time to read, discuss and advise me for improving my work. Also, my thankfulness to all of the members in the Center for Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University and all my friends for their kind help and friendship during my study. I would like to thank Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez (IRD, Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University, Thailand) for financial support for my study. Finally, I am thankful to my family and especially my parents who have shown their great patience, moral support, and encouragement in every way possible to enable me to succeed in my education. Tada Juthayothin May 1, 2004 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES. TADA JUTHAYOTHIN 4237529 SCEB/M M.Sc. (ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY) THESIS ADVISORS: PATTAMAPORN KITTAYAPONG, Ph.D., JEAN-PAUL GONZALEZ, M.D., Ph.D., PAHOL KOSIYACHINDA, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Phylogenetic studies of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae and in the Genus 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Culex (subfamily Culicinae) were conducted using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The COI genes (642 bp) of mosquitoes were directly sequenced and 26 mosquito COI sequences were obtained from the GenBank เมื่อdatabase. 09/10/2564 Due to multiple substitution 02:27:14 and substitution bias in the sequences, which reduced the phylogenetic signal from ancestors, it was impossible to determine the relationships between mosquitoes based on nucleotide analysis. The relationships were, however, recovered from amino acid analysis in which the neighbor-joining method gave better resolution than the maximum parsimony method. This was because of the low number of informative sites in MP analysis due to little variation in COI amino acids of mosquitoes. Phylogenetic study among mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae showed that members of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae cluster within the clade of the Subfamily Culicinae. In the Subfamily Anophelinae clade, Anopheles mosquitoes cluster together with Chagasia bathana as sister species. Subfamily Culicinae was divided into two groups, the Aedes and Culex groups. The Aedes cluster was composed of Aedes and Armigeres mosquitoes whereas the Culex cluster was composed of Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes. The relationships among mosquitoes in the Genus Culex were investigated in three subgenera, Culex, Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia, and the results showed that members of the Subgenus Eumelanomyia branched off first and were distantly related to the others whereas the Subgenus Culiciomyia grouped in the clade of the Subgenus Culex and was therefore considered to be closely related to Subgenus Culex. The relationships among members in the Subgenus Culex were correlated with those derived from morphological characteristics, in which members of the vishnui subgroup, i.e., Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, grouped together. The two most similar Culex mosquitoes, Cx. gelidus and Cx. whitmorei clustered together. Mosquito-borne flavivirus phylogeny was determined using the envelope protein gene, and the nonstructural protein 3 and 5 genes. There were two distinct groups based on their vectors, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Comparison of mosquito phylogeny with flavivirus phylogeny revealed that coevolution between mosquitoes and flaviviruses may have occurred before Aedes and Culex separation. After separation, differences in mosquito behavior may have driven flavivirus evolution. KEY WORDS : CULICIDAE / CULEX / MOSQUITO / COI / MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY / MITOCHONDRIAL DNA / FLAVIVIRUS 258 pp. ISBN 974-04-4861-5 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / v การศึกษาวิวัฒนาการเชิงโมเลกุลของยุงในกลุม Culicine โดยใชยีน Cytochrome Oxidase I ใน Mitochondria และความสัมพันธกับ Flavivirus ที่นําโดยยุงพาหะ (MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MOSQUITO- BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES) ธาดา จูฑะโยธิน 4237529 SCEB/M วท.ม. (ชีววิทยาสภาวะแวดลอม) คณะกรรมการควบคุมวิทยานิพนธ: ปทมาภรณ กฤตยพงษ, Ph.D., JEAN-PAUL GONZALEZ, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3M.D., Ph.D., พหล โกสิยะจินดา, Ph.D. เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14บทคัดยอ การศึกษาวิวัฒนาการเชิงโมเลกุลของยุงในวงศ Culicidae และยุงในสกุล Culex (วงศยอย Culicinae) ได กระทําโดยใชยีน cytochrome oxidase I (COI)ใน mitochondria โดยไดมีการหาลําดับนิวคลีโอไทดจํานวน 642 นิว คลีโอไทดโดยตรงจากยุง 18 ชนิดของยีน COI รวมกับลําดับนิวคลีโอไทดของยีน COI จากยุง 26 ชนิดซึ่งไดมาจาก ฐานขอมูล GenBank ผลการวิเคราะหโดยใชลําดับนิวคลีโอไทดไมสามารถบงบอกความสัมพันธของยุงทั้งในวงศ Culicidae และสกุล Culex อันเนื่องมาจาก multiple substitution และ substitution bias ซึ่งทําใหขอมูลเชิง วิวัฒนาการจากบรรพบุรุษลดนอยลง สวนผลการวิเคราะหทางกรดอะมิโนสามารถหาความสัมพันธของยุงได โดย พบวาวิธี neighbor-joining (NJ) สามารถหาความสัมพันธไดดีกวาวิธี maximum parsimony (MP) เพราะวาขอมูลที่ ใชในการวิเคราะหโดยวิธี MP มีจํานวนนอยเนื่องจากกรดอะมิโนของยีน COI ในยุงมีความแตกตางกันนอยมาก การศึกษาสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงในวงศ Culicidae พบวายุงในวงศยอย Toxorhynchitinae อยูรวมในสาย วิวัฒนาการของวงศยอย Culicinae ซึ่งอยูในสายวิวัฒนาการของวงศยอย Anophelinae ยุงชนิด Chagasia bathana มีสายวิวัฒนาการแบบพี่นองรวมกับยุงสกุล Anopheles สวนยุงในวงศยอย Culicinae ไดแบงการวิวัฒนาการเปน 2 สายคือ สาย Aedes และสาย Culex ในกลุมของยุงสาย Aedes ประกอบดวยยุงสกุล Aedes อยูรวมกับยุงสกุล Armigeres สวนสาย Culex ประกอบดวยยุงสกุล Culex อยูรวมกับยุงสกุล Mansonia ผลการหาความสัมพันธของยุง ในสกุล Culex พบวายุงในสกุลยอย Eumelanomyia ไดแยกสายวิวัฒนาการออกมากอน สวนยุงในสกุลยอย Culiciomyia อยูในสายวิวัฒนาการรวมกับยุงในสกุลยอย Culex ซึ่งถือวาเปนสกุลยอยที่มีความสัมพันธใกลเคียงกัน สวนผลจากการหาความสัมพันธของยุงในสกุลยอย Culex พบวามีความสัมพันธสอดคลองตามลักษณะทาง สัณฐานของยุงโดย Cx. tritaeniorhynchus อยูรวมกับ Cx. vishnui และ Cx. gelidus อยูรวมกับ Cx. whitmorei สําหรับการศึกษาวิวัฒนาการของ flavivirus ที่นําโดยยุงพาหะโดยใชยีน envelope, nonstructural protein 3 และ 5 พบวาสายวิวัฒนาการไดแยกออกเปน 2 กลุมตามชนิดของพาหะคือยุง Aedes และ ยุง Culex เมื่อนําผลจากการ ศึกษาสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงมาพิจารณารวมกับสายวิวัฒนาการของ flavivirus พบวาอาจจะมีการวิวัฒนาการรวม กันระหวางยุงกับ flavivirus ที่นําโดยยุงพาหะซึ่งเกิดขึ้นกอนการแยกสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงสกุล Aedes และยุงสกุล Culex และความแตกตางทางพฤติกรรมภายหลังจากการแยกสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงทั้งสองกลุมอาจจะเปนสิ่ง กระตุนใหเกิดการวิวัฒนาการของ flavivirus ในภายหลัง 258 หนา ISBN 974-04-4861-5 CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………….………………………………. iii ABSTRACT (ENGLISH)……………………………………………... iv ABSTRACT (THAI)………………………………………………….. v LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………….. xiii 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………. xv เมื่อLIST OF09/10/2564 ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………. 02:27:14 xxiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction……………………………………... 1 2. Objectives……………………………………….. 2 2 LITERATURE
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preventive Veterinary Medicine 154 (2018) 71–89
    Preventive Veterinary Medicine 154 (2018) 71–89 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Preventive Veterinary Medicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/prevetmed Assessment of data on vector and host competence for Japanese encephalitis T virus: A systematic review of the literature Ana R.S. Oliveiraa, Erin Stratheb, Luciana Etcheverrya, Lee W. Cohnstaedtc, D. Scott McVeyc, ⁎ José Piaggiod, Natalia Cernicchiaroa, a Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States b Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States c USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, United States d School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a virus of the Flavivirus genus that may result in encephalitis in human hosts. Japanese encephalitis This vector-borne zoonosis occurs in Eastern and Southeastern Asia and an intentional or inadvertent in- Japanese encephalitis virus troduction into the United States (US) would have major public health and economic consequences. The ob- Systematic review of the literature jective of this study was to gather, appraise, and synthesize primary research literature to identify and quantify Vector vector and host competence for JEV, using a systematic review (SR) of the literature. Host After defining the research question, we performed a search in selected electronic databases and journals. The Competence title and abstract of the identified articles were screened for relevance using a set of exclusion and inclusion criteria, and relevant articles were subjected to a risk of bias assessment, followed by data extraction.
    [Show full text]
  • Wolbachia Infection in Wild Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae
    Ding et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:612 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04466-8 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Wolbachia infection in wild mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for transmission modes and host-endosymbiont associations in Singapore Huicong Ding†, Huiqing Yeo† and Nalini Puniamoorthy* Abstract Background: Wolbachia are intracellular bacterial endosymbionts found in most insect lineages. In mosquitoes, the infuence of these endosymbionts on host reproduction and arboviral transmission has spurred numerous stud- ies aimed at using Wolbachia infection as a vector control technique. However, there are several knowledge gaps in the literature and little is known about natural Wolbachia infection across species, their transmission modes, or associations between various Wolbachia lineages and their hosts. This study aims to address these gaps by exploring mosquito-Wolbachia associations and their evolutionary implications. Methods: We conducted tissue-specifc polymerase chain reaction screening for Wolbachia infection in the leg, gut and reproductive tissues of wild mosquitoes from Singapore using the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) molecu- lar marker. Mosquito-Wolbachia associations were explored using three methods—tanglegram, distance-based, and event-based methods—and by inferred instances of vertical transmission and host shifts. Results: Adult mosquitoes (271 specimens) representing 14 genera and 40 species were screened for Wolbachia. Overall, 21 species (51.2%) were found positive for Wolbachia, including fve in the genus Aedes and fve in the genus Culex. To our knowledge, Wolbachia infections have not been previously reported in seven of these 21 species: Aedes nr. fumidus, Aedes annandalei, Uranotaenia obscura, Uranotaenia trilineata, Verrallina butleri, Verrallina sp. and Zeugno- myia gracilis.
    [Show full text]
  • High Diversity of Mosquito Vectors in Cambodian Primary Schools And
    High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission Sebastien Boyer, Sebastien Marcombe, Sony Yean, Didier Fontenille To cite this version: Sebastien Boyer, Sebastien Marcombe, Sony Yean, Didier Fontenille. High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2020, 15 (6), pp.e0233669. 10.1371/journal.pone.0233669. hal-03053997 HAL Id: hal-03053997 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03053997 Submitted on 11 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission 1 2 1 1 Sebastien BoyerID *, Sebastien Marcombe , Sony Yean , Didier Fontenille 1 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Boulevard Monivong, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2 Medical Entomology Unit, Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR * sboyer@pasteur-kh.org a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Only few data exist in Cambodia on mosquito diversity and their potential role as vectors. Many arboviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis, are endemic and mostly affect children in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito Biodiversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in Auroville, Puducherry
    WHO collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Lymphatic filariasis and Integrated Vector Management. Mosquito Biodiversity (Diptera: Culicidae) in Auroville, Puducherry REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE AUROVILLE PUDUCHERRY BY ICMR-VECTOR CONTROL RESEARCH CENTRE PUDUCHERRY SEPTEMBER P a g e | 2 Acknowledgements We owe our deepest gratitude to Dr. Lucas Dengel, (Founder Executive Eco Pro, Auroville & Research Project Mentor) and Ms. Suryamayi Clarence Smith (Executive Co- founder of Auroville Research Platform) for extending support and facilitating smooth conduct of field survey in Auroville. We are grateful to the Auroville Working Committee for according permission to access various places within Auroville This work was submitted to the Pondicherry University, Puducherry in partial fulfillment for the requirement of degree of Master of Science in Public Health Entomology (M.Sc. in PHE) by Ms. P. Visa Shalini under the supervision of Dr A. N. Shriram, Scientist “C”, Division of Vector Biology & Control P a g e | 3 Introduction Mosquitoes are of great significance for their nuisance biting and their role in the transmission of several parasitic and viral diseases viz. malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, zika, yellow fever, chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis etc. The breeding habitat diversity determines mosquito abundance, resulting in the transmission of different pathogens (Adebote et al., 2008; Emidi et al., 2017). Only, 10% of the mosquito species recorded are efficient vectors of pathogens with considerable public health significance (Manguin and Boete 2011), that have been historically responsible for some of the worst epidemics mankind has witnessed. The principal vectors of diseases belong to three genera viz. Anopheles, Aedes and Culex, of which some mosquito species are highly and successful invasive in nature e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Note
    JournaL of the American Mosquito Control Association,2O(3):315-316' 2OO4 Copyright A 2OO4 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. SCIENTIFIC NOTE AEDES FUMIDUS AND AEDES AMESII IN MANGROVE FORESTS OF INDIA-TWO NEW COUNTRY RECORDS A. R. RAJAVEL. R. NATARAJAN ENO K. VAIDYANATHAN Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Pondicherry, India 605 006 ABSTRACT. We report the first records of Aedes fumidus and Ae. amesii from India based on collections made in mangrove forests of Bhitarkanika in Orissa, Sunderbans, in West Bengal, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Collection details include date, location, material examined, larval habitat, and associated species. KEY WORDS Aedes fumidus, Aedes amesii, India, first record, mangrove forest Aedes (l,orrainea) fumidus Edwards and Ae. guiera gymnorrhiza, Heritiera littoralis, Nypa Jru- (Lorrainea) amesii (Ludlow) are considered Indo- ticans, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia ffician- malayan species, with known distribution in Indo- alis, and A. marina are the most prominent nesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thai- mangroves. Mosquito collections were made in 16 land (Mattingly 1959, Lien et al. 1975). We report sites throughout South, Middle, and North Anda- the first occurrence of these 2 species in India based mans and Car Nicobar during May-June 2001. on collections made during biodiversity studies in Aedes fumidus: We collected 540 specimens in- Indian mangrove forests. Mosquito collections were cluding 410 larvae and 130 adults. We examined made from 1998 to 2001 in mangroves of Bhitar- 280 females, 260 males, 44 associated larval skins, kanika in Orissa, Sunderbans, in West Bengal, and 13 female terminalia, 68 male terminalia. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Anopheline Mosquitoes of Taiwan: Annotated Catalog and Bibliography1
    Pacific Insects 4 (3) : 615-649 October 10, 1962 NON-ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF TAIWAN: ANNOTATED CATALOG AND BIBLIOGRAPHY1 By J. C. Lien TAIWAN PROVINCIAL MALARIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE2 INTRODUCTION The studies of the mosquitoes of Taiwan were initiated as early as 1901 or even earlier by several pioneer workers, i. e. K. Kinoshita, J. Hatori, F. V. Theobald, J. Tsuzuki and so on, and have subsequently been carried out by them and many other workers. Most of the workers laid much more emphasis on anopheline than on non-anopheline mosquitoes, because the former had direct bearing on the transmission of the most dreaded disease, malaria, in Taiwan. Owing to their efforts, the taxonomic problems of the Anopheles mos­ quitoes of Taiwan are now well settled, and their local distribution and some aspects of their habits well understood. However, there still remains much work to be done on the non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan. Nowadays, malaria is being so successfully brought down to near-eradication in Taiwan that public health workers as well as the general pub­ lic are starting to give their attention to the control of other mosquito-borne diseases such as filariasis and Japanese B encephalitis, and the elimination of mosquito nuisance. Ac­ cordingly extensive studies of the non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan now become very necessary and important. Morishita and Okada (1955) published a reference catalogue of the local non-anophe­ line mosquitoes. However the catalog compiled by them in 1955 was based on informa­ tion obtained before 1945. They listed 34 species, but now it becomes clear that 4 of them are respectively synonyms of 4 species among the remaining 30.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Culicidae) in Wayanad District, Kerala Received: 14-03-2019 Accepted: 18-04-2019
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(3): 324-326 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Species diversity of tree hole breeding mosquitoes JEZS 2019; 7(3): 324-326 © 2019 JEZS (Diptera: Culicidae) in Wayanad district, Kerala Received: 14-03-2019 Accepted: 18-04-2019 Shanasree M Shanasree M and Sumodan PK Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology Abstract Government College, Madappally, Vadakara, Kerala, A survey of tree holes in Wayanad district of Kerala was conducted from June 2017 to November 2018. India Out of 112 tree holes encountered during the survey 55 (49.1%) were with rain water. All the 55 tree holes were positive for mosquito breeding. A total of 7 species of mosquitoes under five genera viz., Sumodan PK Aedes albopictus, Aedes chrysolineatus, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex brevipalpis, Culex Post Graduate and Research quinquefasciatus, Heizmannia chandi and Toxorhynchites splendens were obtained from these habitats. Department of Zoology Culex brevipalpis was found breeding in 50 sites (90.9%), Aedes chrysolineatus in 43 sites (78.2%) Government College, Aedes albopictus in 41 sites (74.5%); Heizmannia chandi in 30 sites (54.55%), Armigeres subalbatus in Madappally, Vadakara, Kerala, 23 sites (41.8%), Culex quinquefasciatus in 10 sites (18.2%) and Toxorhynchites splendens in 2 sites India (3.6%). Co-breeding of 2 to 5 species were observed in 53 habitats. The breeding of Aedes albopictus, the vector of Dengue and Chikungunya in the tree holes calls for serious attention from the Public Health authorities. Keywords: mosquito diversity, tree hole, dengue, chikungunya, wayanad 1. Introduction Phytotelmata or water filled cavities in a terrestrial plant supports a unique community of flora [1] and fauna including mosquitoes .
    [Show full text]
  • Culex Species, However They Occur Principally in Tropical Regions of the World
    SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH inhabit brackish water, eg, Cx. (Cux.) sitiens, and polluted water, eg, Cx. (Cux.) quinquefasciatus. Lutzia are found in freshwater habitats similar to those occupied by Culex species, however they occur principally in tropical regions of the world. Feeding behavior Most records of Culex and Lutzia from Thailand refer to nocturnal feeding on mam- mals, eg, humans, cows, and dogs. The periodicity of nocturnal feeding varies greatly depending on the species. Culex (Cux.) quinquefasciatus, for example, are fairly abun- dant in urban areas throughout the year and are commonly found resting during the day in shade outdoors, and on walls, dark corners, in cabinets, bathrooms, and under chairs and tables in houses. Females are vicious biters at night indoors and outdoors and feed principally on blood of man and dogs from sunset until dawn. Many species of Culex have been collected in large numbers at night in cowsheds, in light traps or animal- baited traps, and biting cows, pigs, and occasionally humans. Infrequently, Cx. (Eum.) species, Cx. (Lop.) infantulus, Cx. (Lop.) rubithoracis, and other Cx. (Lop.) species, as well as Lt. (Mtl.) fuscana, are caught attacking humans. Little is known about the adult biology and medical importance of species in subgenera Culiciomyia, Eumelanomyia, Lophoceraomyia, and Oculeomyia of Culex, and Metalutzia of Lutzia. THE GROUPS, SUBGROUPS, COMPLEXES, AND SPECIES OF GENERA CULEX AND LUTZIA A brief account of the classification and biology of the Culex and Lutzia in Thailand is given below. A complete listing of the species belonging to each species group, sub- group, and complex, and their distributions, is provided in Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquitoes of Okinawa and Islands in the Central Pacific
    Mosquitoes of Islands in the C RICHARD M. and SAVMED lC55 BUREAU OF MElfICl%33 & SrRGER‘Y NAVX DEPAR1’MEKT WASHINGTON, D. C. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction . .. ._.. .. .. .. 1 Technique . 2 . Mosquitoes _of Hawaii . ’ . .. .. .. .. ..I...................... 4 Mosquitoes of Samoa . 10 Mosquitoes of the Marshall Islands . ... ’ . .. .. .. 21 Mosquitoes of the Caroline Islands . .. .. .. 23 Mosquitoes of the Mariana Islands . .. .. , . .. .. 33 Mosquitoes of Okinawa (and Iwo Island) . 45 Literature Cited . .. .. .. ..‘ . ..‘ . _.‘. 85 Index to mosquito species and subspecies................................................... 88 Explanation and source ,of figures .............................................................. 89 MOSQUl%OES OF OKINAWA AND ISLANDS IN THE CENTRAL PACIFIC BY RICHARD M. BOHART, Lt. Cmdr., H(S), USNRl ., _ and ROB&T L. INGRAM, CPhM, USN _ GENERAL INTRODUCTION Relatively little has been written about the mosquitoes of the far flung central Pacific Islands, and not until World War II has the importance of these insects as vectors of disease been fully realized. Even the less innocuous forms present interesting problems of biplogy and speciation. A great deal of work along widely different lines remains to be done before our informa- tion on central Pacific mosquitoes can be considered complete. For example, the dengue vector potentialities of Aedes ma?shaZZensisand Aedes hensilli, the two most common day-biting species respectively of the Marshall and Caro- line Islands need to be studied. The importance of CuZex annulirostris, a vicious night-biter in the Carolines, as a vector of nocturnal filariasis is unknown. The possibility that Aedes pandani and its relatives in the Marianas are vectors of dengue and filariasis is urgently in need of investigation. The -role of the various Okinawan species in the transmission of Japanese “B” encephalitis is very imperfectly understood and this problem offers great possjbilities to epidemiologists and entomologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 03, pp.66162-66166, March, 2018 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE UNIQUE SEQUENCES IN THE COX1 GENE OF INDIAN MOSQUITO SPECIES *Dr. Divya Damodaran and Dr. D. Sudarsanam Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: A DNA barcode is a short DNA sequence from a standardized region of the genome used for Received 29th December, 2017 identifying species. The essential aim of DNA barcoding is to use a large-scale screening of one or Received in revised form more reference genes in order to assign unknown individuals to species, and to enhance discovery of 10th January, 2018 new species (Hebert et al., 2003). Biological taxonomists apply this principle to species classification. Accepted 09th February, 2018 The first application of using the DNA sequences in systematic biological taxonomy (also called DNA Published online 28th March, 2018 taxonomy) was conducted by Tautz et al., (2002) and then , Hebert et al., (2003) proposed the concept of DNA Barcoding and suggested its use for a single mtDNA gene, mitochondrial cytochrome c Key words: oxidase I (COI), as a common sequence in animal DNA barcoding studies. A unique DNA is a stretch of DNA present in only a single copy in a cell. Genomes contain all the vital genetic solutions COX1 gene, DNA barcoding, discovered by our ancestors in response to all the environmental challenges that they had successfully Unique sequences, overcome in the course of evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 14 Emergence of Mosquitoes
    Durham E-Theses The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR TANGENA, JULIE-ANNE,AKIKO How to cite: TANGENA, JULIE-ANNE,AKIKO (2016) The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11981/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: e-theses.admin@dur.ac.uk Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ‘The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR’ By Julie-Anne Akiko Tangena Thesis submitted to Durham University in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor in Philosophy The School of Biological & Biomedical Sciences Durham University August 2016 Thesis abstract The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR Unprecedented economic growth in South-East Asia has encouraged the expansion of rubber plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of Shed Leaf Sheaths of Areca Nut Palms and Domestic
    International Journal of Mosquito Research 2019; 6(3): 42-44 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2019; 6(3): 42-44 Contribution of shed leaf sheaths of areca nut © 2019 IJMR Received: 25-03-2019 palms and domestic containers as breeding Accepted: 27-04-2019 habitats of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), Shanasree M 1894: A comparative study from Wayanad Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, district, Kerala, India Government College, Madappally, Vadakara, Kerala, India Shanasree M and Sumodan PK Sumodan PK Post Graduate and Research Abstract Department of Zoology, During a survey from June to September 2018 in Wayanad district of Kerala Aedes albopictus breeding Government College, was observed in shed leaf sheaths of areca nut palms and domestic containers. While 15. 3% of leaf Madappally, Vadakara, Kerala, sheaths supported Aedes albopictus, it was 35.0% in the case of domestic containers. Aedes India chrysolineatus was the dominant breeder in leaf sheaths (51.4%). Besides Aedes albopictus, five other species viz., Aedes chrysolineatus, Armigeres aureolineatus, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Heizmannia chandi also bred in leaf sheaths. In domestic containers Aedes albopictus was the dominant breeder. Another 10 species viz., Aedes chrysolineatus, Aedes vittatus, Armigeres aureolineatus, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex brevipalpis, Culex quinquefasciatusn, Culex uniformis, Heizmannia chandi, Lutzia fuscanus and Toxorhynchites splendens were also found breeding in domestic containers. Keywords: Shed leaf sheaths, domestic containers, Aedes albopictus, Aedes chrysolineatus, wayanad 1. Introduction Aedes albopictus was described by Skuse as Culex albopictus in 1894 based on a specimen [1] collected from Calcutta and called it ‘the Banded mosquito of Bengal’ . Its role as a vector of dengue was suspected during an outbreak of the disease in Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan in August 1942, which spread to other cities in Japan and recurred every summer until 1944 [2].
    [Show full text]