MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE
MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME
OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH
MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 TADA JUTHAYOTHIN
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
(ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY)
FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY
2004
ISBN 974-04-4861-5
COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY Thesis
Entitled
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE
MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH เมื่อ 09/10/2564MOSQUITO-BORNE 02:27:14 FLAVIVIRUSES
……………………………………… Mr. Tada Juthayothin Candidate
……………………………………… Assoc. Prof. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Ph.D. Major-Advisor
.……………………………………… .……………………………………… Lect. Pahol Kosiyachinda Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Ph.D. M.D., Ph.D. Co-Advisor Co-Advisor
…………………………………….. ………………………………………. Assoc. Prof. Rassmidara Hoonsawat, Assoc. Prof. Prayad Pokethitiyook, Ph.D. Ph.D. Dean Chair Faculty of Graduate Studies Master of Science Programme Mahidol University in Environmental Biology Faculty of Science Thesis
Entitled
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE
MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH เมื่อ 09/10/2564MOSQUITO-BORNE 02:27:14 FLAVIVIRUSES
was submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University for the degree of Master of Science (Environmental Biology) on May 19, 2004
……………………………………… Mr. Tada Juthayothin Candidate
……………………………………… ……………………………………… Lect. John R. Milne, Assoc. Prof. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Ph.D. Ph.D. Member Chair
………………………………………. ……………………………………… Assoc. Prof. Vijittra Leardkamolkarn, Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Ph.D. M.D., Ph.D. Member Member
………………………………………. ……………………………………… Assoc. Prof. Rassmidara Hoonsawat, Prof. Prasert Sobhon, Ph.D. Ph.D. Dean Dean Faculty of Graduate Studies Faculty of Science Mahidol University Mahidol University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to Assoc. Prof. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, my major advisor for invaluable guidance, consultation, comments, suggestions and constructive criticisms. She always gave very useful information and advised me in every way that would bring me success and great development. I also would like to thank Lect. John R. Milne, Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez (IRD, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University, Thailand) and Assoc. Prof. Vijittra Leardkamolkarn (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol เมื่อUniversity, 09/10/2564 Thailand), my thesis committee, 02:27:14 who provided their valuable time to read, discuss and advise me for improving my work. Also, my thankfulness to all of the members in the Center for Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University and all my friends for their kind help and friendship during my study. I would like to thank Prof. Jean-Paul Gonzalez (IRD, Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University, Thailand) for financial support for my study. Finally, I am thankful to my family and especially my parents who have shown their great patience, moral support, and encouragement in every way possible to enable me to succeed in my education.
Tada Juthayothin May 1, 2004 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES.
TADA JUTHAYOTHIN 4237529 SCEB/M
M.Sc. (ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY)
THESIS ADVISORS: PATTAMAPORN KITTAYAPONG, Ph.D., JEAN-PAUL GONZALEZ, M.D., Ph.D., PAHOL KOSIYACHINDA, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT Phylogenetic studies of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae and in the Genus 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Culex (subfamily Culicinae) were conducted using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The COI genes (642 bp) of mosquitoes were directly sequenced and 26 mosquito COI sequences were obtained from the GenBank เมื่อdatabase. 09/10/2564 Due to multiple substitution 02:27:14 and substitution bias in the sequences, which reduced the phylogenetic signal from ancestors, it was impossible to determine the relationships between mosquitoes based on nucleotide analysis. The relationships were, however, recovered from amino acid analysis in which the neighbor-joining method gave better resolution than the maximum parsimony method. This was because of the low number of informative sites in MP analysis due to little variation in COI amino acids of mosquitoes. Phylogenetic study among mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae showed that members of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae cluster within the clade of the Subfamily Culicinae. In the Subfamily Anophelinae clade, Anopheles mosquitoes cluster together with Chagasia bathana as sister species. Subfamily Culicinae was divided into two groups, the Aedes and Culex groups. The Aedes cluster was composed of Aedes and Armigeres mosquitoes whereas the Culex cluster was composed of Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes. The relationships among mosquitoes in the Genus Culex were investigated in three subgenera, Culex, Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia, and the results showed that members of the Subgenus Eumelanomyia branched off first and were distantly related to the others whereas the Subgenus Culiciomyia grouped in the clade of the Subgenus Culex and was therefore considered to be closely related to Subgenus Culex. The relationships among members in the Subgenus Culex were correlated with those derived from morphological characteristics, in which members of the vishnui subgroup, i.e., Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, grouped together. The two most similar Culex mosquitoes, Cx. gelidus and Cx. whitmorei clustered together. Mosquito-borne flavivirus phylogeny was determined using the envelope protein gene, and the nonstructural protein 3 and 5 genes. There were two distinct groups based on their vectors, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Comparison of mosquito phylogeny with flavivirus phylogeny revealed that coevolution between mosquitoes and flaviviruses may have occurred before Aedes and Culex separation. After separation, differences in mosquito behavior may have driven flavivirus evolution.
KEY WORDS : CULICIDAE / CULEX / MOSQUITO / COI / MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY / MITOCHONDRIAL DNA / FLAVIVIRUS 258 pp. ISBN 974-04-4861-5 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / v
การศึกษาวิวัฒนาการเชิงโมเลกุลของยุงในกลุม Culicine โดยใชยีน Cytochrome Oxidase I ใน Mitochondria และความสัมพันธกับ Flavivirus ที่นําโดยยุงพาหะ (MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES USING THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MOSQUITO- BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES) ธาดา จูฑะโยธิน 4237529 SCEB/M วท.ม. (ชีววิทยาสภาวะแวดลอม) คณะกรรมการควบคุมวิทยานิพนธ: ปทมาภรณ กฤตยพงษ, Ph.D., JEAN-PAUL GONZALEZ, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3M.D., Ph.D., พหล โกสิยะจินดา, Ph.D. เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14บทคัดยอ การศึกษาวิวัฒนาการเชิงโมเลกุลของยุงในวงศ Culicidae และยุงในสกุล Culex (วงศยอย Culicinae) ได กระทําโดยใชยีน cytochrome oxidase I (COI)ใน mitochondria โดยไดมีการหาลําดับนิวคลีโอไทดจํานวน 642 นิว คลีโอไทดโดยตรงจากยุง 18 ชนิดของยีน COI รวมกับลําดับนิวคลีโอไทดของยีน COI จากยุง 26 ชนิดซึ่งไดมาจาก ฐานขอมูล GenBank ผลการวิเคราะหโดยใชลําดับนิวคลีโอไทดไมสามารถบงบอกความสัมพันธของยุงทั้งในวงศ Culicidae และสกุล Culex อันเนื่องมาจาก multiple substitution และ substitution bias ซึ่งทําใหขอมูลเชิง วิวัฒนาการจากบรรพบุรุษลดนอยลง สวนผลการวิเคราะหทางกรดอะมิโนสามารถหาความสัมพันธของยุงได โดย พบวาวิธี neighbor-joining (NJ) สามารถหาความสัมพันธไดดีกวาวิธี maximum parsimony (MP) เพราะวาขอมูลที่ ใชในการวิเคราะหโดยวิธี MP มีจํานวนนอยเนื่องจากกรดอะมิโนของยีน COI ในยุงมีความแตกตางกันนอยมาก การศึกษาสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงในวงศ Culicidae พบวายุงในวงศยอย Toxorhynchitinae อยูรวมในสาย วิวัฒนาการของวงศยอย Culicinae ซึ่งอยูในสายวิวัฒนาการของวงศยอย Anophelinae ยุงชนิด Chagasia bathana มีสายวิวัฒนาการแบบพี่นองรวมกับยุงสกุล Anopheles สวนยุงในวงศยอย Culicinae ไดแบงการวิวัฒนาการเปน 2 สายคือ สาย Aedes และสาย Culex ในกลุมของยุงสาย Aedes ประกอบดวยยุงสกุล Aedes อยูรวมกับยุงสกุล Armigeres สวนสาย Culex ประกอบดวยยุงสกุล Culex อยูรวมกับยุงสกุล Mansonia ผลการหาความสัมพันธของยุง ในสกุล Culex พบวายุงในสกุลยอย Eumelanomyia ไดแยกสายวิวัฒนาการออกมากอน สวนยุงในสกุลยอย Culiciomyia อยูในสายวิวัฒนาการรวมกับยุงในสกุลยอย Culex ซึ่งถือวาเปนสกุลยอยที่มีความสัมพันธใกลเคียงกัน สวนผลจากการหาความสัมพันธของยุงในสกุลยอย Culex พบวามีความสัมพันธสอดคลองตามลักษณะทาง สัณฐานของยุงโดย Cx. tritaeniorhynchus อยูรวมกับ Cx. vishnui และ Cx. gelidus อยูรวมกับ Cx. whitmorei สําหรับการศึกษาวิวัฒนาการของ flavivirus ที่นําโดยยุงพาหะโดยใชยีน envelope, nonstructural protein 3 และ 5 พบวาสายวิวัฒนาการไดแยกออกเปน 2 กลุมตามชนิดของพาหะคือยุง Aedes และ ยุง Culex เมื่อนําผลจากการ ศึกษาสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงมาพิจารณารวมกับสายวิวัฒนาการของ flavivirus พบวาอาจจะมีการวิวัฒนาการรวม กันระหวางยุงกับ flavivirus ที่นําโดยยุงพาหะซึ่งเกิดขึ้นกอนการแยกสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงสกุล Aedes และยุงสกุล Culex และความแตกตางทางพฤติกรรมภายหลังจากการแยกสายวิวัฒนาการของยุงทั้งสองกลุมอาจจะเปนสิ่ง กระตุนใหเกิดการวิวัฒนาการของ flavivirus ในภายหลัง 258 หนา ISBN 974-04-4861-5 CONTENTS Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………….………………………………. iii ABSTRACT (ENGLISH)……………………………………………... iv ABSTRACT (THAI)………………………………………………….. v LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………….. xiii 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………. xv เมื่อLIST OF09/10/2564 ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………. 02:27:14 xxiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction……………………………………... 1 2. Objectives……………………………………….. 2 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Mosquito classification, life cycle and mosquito- borne diseases……………………………………. 3 1.1 Mosquito classification………………………. 3 1.1.1 Toxorhynchitinae…………………….. 4 1.1.2 Anophelinae…………………………. 4 1.1.3 Culicinae…………………………….. 4 1.2 Mosquito life cycle………………………….. 6 1.2.1 Anopheles mosquitoes……………….. 7 1.2.2 Culex mosquitoes……………………. 9 1.2.3 Aedes mosquitoes……………………. 9 1.3 Mosquito-borne diseases…………………….. 10 1.3.1 Malaria……………………………….. 10 1.3.1.1 Plasmodium falciparum…………. 11 1.3.1.2 Plasmodium vivax……………….. 11 1.3.1.3 Plasmodium malariae……………. 11 1.3.1.4 Plasmodium ovale……………….. 11 vii
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1.3.2 Lymphatic filariasis…………………. 13 1.3.2.1 Bancroftian filariasis…………….. 13 1.3.2.2 Brugian filariasis………………… 13 1.3.3 Mosquito-borne viral diseases……… 13 1.3.3.1 Yellow fever…………………….. 16 10.14457/MU.the.2004.31.3.3.2 Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14fever……………………………… 16 Dengue fever………………... 16 Dengue haemorrhagic fever… 17 1.3.3.3 Viral encephalitis………………… 17 1.4 Mosquito-borne diseases and their vectors in Thailand……………………………………… 17 2. Molecular phylogeny of mosquitoes…………….. 20 2.1 Molecular phylogeny………………………… 20 2.1.1 Distance matrix methods…………….. 21 2.1.1.1 Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA).. 22 2.1.1.2 Neighbor-joining method (NJ)…... 22 2.1.2 Maximum parsimony methods (MP).. 23 2.1.3 Maximum likelihood methods (ML)... 23 2.2 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)………………. 24 2.2.1 Cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. 25 2.3 Insect phylogeny…………………………….. 28 2.3.1 Insecta phylogeny…………………….. 28 2.3.2 Diptera phylogeny……………………. 29 2.3.3 Mosquito phylogeny………………….. 30 2.4 Flavivirus phylogeny………………………… 32 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS viii
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1. Mosquito specimens…………………………….. 35 2. DNA extraction…………………………………. 38 3. PCR amplification……………………………….. 38 4. DNA cloning and sequencing…………………… 39 5. Flaviviruses nucleotide sequences………………. 41 10.14457/MU.the.2004.36. Molecular phylogenetic analysis………………... 43 เมื่อ 09/10/25646.1 Maximum 02:27:14parsimony (MP) method………… 43 6.2 Maximum likelihood (ML) method…………. 44 6.3 Neighbor-joining (NJ) method………………. 44 4 RESULTS 1. PCR amplification of mosquito COI gene and agarose gel electrophoresis……………………… 45 2. DNA cloning and sequencing……………………. 47 3. Consensus sequences……………………………. 49 4. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae………………………………… 49 4.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae using COI nucleotide sequences…………………………………… 49 4.1.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis 56 4.1.2 Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis 58 4.1.3 Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis……. 60 4.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae using COI amino acid sequences……………………………………. 67 4.2.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis 67 4.2.2 Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis……. 69 ix
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5. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex…………………………………………….. 73 5.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex using COI nucleotide sequences……………………………………. 73 10.14457/MU.the.2004.35.1.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis 79 เมื่อ 09/10/25645.1.2 Maximum02:27:14 likelihood (ML) analysis.. 81 5.1.3 Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis……. 82 5.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex using COI amino acid sequences……………………………………. 88 5.2.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis 88 5.2.2 Neighbor-joining analysis…………. 89 6. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses………………………………………. 95 6.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS3 sequences………… 96 6.1.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito- borne flaviviruses using NS3 nucleotide sequences………………. 96 6.1.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito- borne flaviviruses using NS3 amino acid sequences……………………... 101 6.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS5 sequences…………. 105 6.2.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito- borne flaviviruses using NS5 nucleotide sequences………………. 105 x
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6.2.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito- borne flaviviruses using NS5 amino acid sequences…………………...… 109 6.3 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using E sequences………….… 113 10.14457/MU.the.2004.36.3.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito- เมื่อ 09/10/2564 borne02:27:14 flaviviruses using E nucleotide sequences……………… 113 6.3.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito- borne flaviviruses using E amino acid sequences…………………….. 117 5 DISCUSSION……………………………………………. 121 6 CONCLUSION………………………………………….. 135 REFERENCES………………………………………………………… 138 APPENDIX APPENDIX A Experimental reagents…………………………………….. 149 1. DNA extraction…………………………………. 149 STE buffer (pH 8.0)………………………… 149 2. PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis…….. 149 2.1 PCR reaction mixture (20µL)……………… 149 2.2 Tris-acetate (TAE) running buffer (1X)…… 149 2.3 Agarose gel (1% w/v)……………………… 149 3. DNA Cloning…………………………………… 150 3.1 Ligation mixture…………………………… 150 3.2 SOC medium……………………………….. 150 3.3 LB agar plates……………………………… 150 3.3.1 LB agar plates with ampicillin…….. 150 xi
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3.3.2 LB agar plates with ampicillin/IPTG /X-Gal…………………………….. 151 APPENDIX B Consensus sequence alignment of experimental mosquitoes 153 APPENDIX C 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Nucleotide sequence alignment of mosquitoes in the เมื่อ 09/10/2564Family Culicidae……..………………………………….... 02:27:14 158 APPENDIX D Amino acid sequence alignment of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae…..……………………………………... 166 APPENDIX E Nucleotide sequence alignment of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex………………………………………………. 170 APPENDIX F Amino acid sequence alignment of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex…..………………………………………….. 174 APPENDIX G Nucleotide sequence alignment of NS5 gene of mosquito- borne flaviviruses…………………………………………. 177 APPENDIX H Amino acid sequence alignment of NS5 gene of mosquito- borne flaviviruses……………………………..…………... 197 APPENDIX I Nucleotide sequence alignment of NS3 gene of mosquito- borne flaviviruses………………………………..………... 205 APPENDIX J Amino acid sequence alignment of NS3 gene of mosquito- borne flaviviruses………………..………………………... 219 xii
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APPENDIX K Nucleotide sequence alignment of E gene of mosquito- borne flaviviruses……………………..…………………... 225 APPENDIX L Amino acid sequence alignment of E gene of mosquito- 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3borne flaviviruses………………………………..………... 237 เมื่อ APPENDIX09/10/2564 M 02:27:14 Morphological characteristics and morphological tree of Culex mosquitoes in the subgenus Culex…………………. 242 APPENDIX N Phylogenetic tree of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae… 247 BIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………. 258 LIST OF TABLES Page
1. Mosquito vectors and their transmitted diseases………………...… 10 2. Mosquito-borne flavivirus: vector-host relationships and disease associations……………………………………………………...…. 14 3. Potential mosquito vectors and mosquito-borne diseases in 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Thailand.………………………………………………………...…. 18 4. The mitochondrial genes and their products…………………..…... 25 เมื่อ5. Mosquito 09/10/2564 classification and their 02:27:14 GenBank accession number……. 35 6. Flaviviruses used in phylogenetic study and their GenBank accession number………….……………………………….……… 42 7. Mosquito species used in COI gene amplification and their DNA sources………….……………...……………………………..……. 45 8. Number of sites compared for COI sequences of culicine mosquitoes……………………………………………...………….. 51 9. Proportion of each nucleotide in each mosquito subfamily……….. 52 10. Pairwise sequences distance comparison of different genera of mosquitoes… 54 11. Sequence distances of mosquito subfamilies and outgroup insects.. 55 12. Comparison of the number of sites for COI sequences of Culex mosquitoes……………………………………………………….… 73 13. Proportion of each nucleotide of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex.... 74 14. Percent identity of sequences distance comparison of mosquito in the Genus Culex……..…….………………………………..……... 75 15. Sequence distances among the Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes when compared to outgroup insects……..…….…..………………. 76 16. Transition/transversion ratio (above diagonal) and number of transition/transversion substitution (below diagonal) comparison of mosquito in the Genus Culex……..…..……………….………... 77 xiv
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17. The length of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of E, NS3 and NS5 genes of flaviviruses..………………….….…………………. 95 18. Nucleotide substitution sites of Dengue 2 compared to Dengue 1... 133 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 LIST OF FIGURES Page
1. Morphological structure of larval mosquito (A), and adult mosquito (B)……………..……………………………….………. 5 2. The mosquito life cycle, developmental stage from eggs, larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes…………………………………….… 6 10.14457/MU.the.2004.33. Characteristics stage of different mosquitoes; Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex. Eggs (A), larvae (B), pupae (C), and adults (D)…….... 8 เมื่อ4. Distribution 09/10/2564 of map of malaria 02:27:14diseases, which mainly widespread in tropical countries, also subtropical countries………….…….…. 11 5. The life cycle of malaria parasites……………………..………….. 12 6. The genome organization comparing between human and yeast mitochondrial DNA……………………………………...………… 26 7. A two dimensional model of insect COI gene. The twenty-five structural regions; 12 membrane-spanning helices (M1-M12), 6 external loops (E1-E6), 5 internal loops (I1-I5), carboxyl (COOH) and amino NH2) terminal are shown. Box residues have special functional significance, and filled circles represent residues observed to be variable between insect species…………..……….. 27 8. The amplified regions along the COI gene using several primers set. In this study, UEA7/10 primer set is used to amplify the most variable region on COI gene, which contain information for phylogenetic analysis……………………….…………………….. 39 9. pGEM-T Easy vector circle map (A) and nucleotide sequence of cloning vector and inserted DNA region of pGEM-T Easy vectors (B)………………..………………………………..………………. 40 10. Agarose gel electrophoresis from COI gene amplification using UEA7/10 primer set in three Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, lane 1,2 and 3 respectively, and its sizes are around 700 bp compares to positive control (p), from Bactrocera dorsalis tephritid fruit fly xvi
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and deionized water used as negative control (n)……………….. 47 11. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products from plasmid clones of Culex sitiens mosquito, White colonies were picked and checked for inserted DNA by using T7/SP6 primer set. Positive result from this primer set should give product size about 1,000 bp 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3(lane 2 and lane 5), while negative results that did not have เมื่อinserted 09/10/2564 DNA give product about 02:27:14 300 bp (lane 1,3,4,6 and 7)……. 48 12. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products from plasmid clones of Culex gelidus mosquito. After checking size of inserted DNA by T7/SP6 primer set, positive result samples were done PCR again with UEA7/10 primer set to final confirm inserted DNA size that should be 700 bp. Lane 1 to 9 and lane 11 are positive results. Lane 10 is negative results from the clone that contains 300 bp of inserted DNA…………………………………………………...….. 48 13. Three nucleotide sequences of Aedes albopictus mosquito from DNA sequencing were aligned and compared with UEA7/10 primer sequences (A). To make a consensus sequence all plasmid vector sequences (B) and primer sequences (C) were cut resulting in only COI sequences. All nucleotide in each position were compared and adjusted to make a final single consensus sequences (D)……………………………………………………………….. 50 14. Percent identity of sequence distances between three mosquito subfamilies……………………………………………………….. 55 15. One of four most parsimonious trees based on COI gene sequences. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, xvii
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Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia………………………………………………………….. 62 16. Strict consensus tree of four most parsimonious trees when given 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3equal weight to all characters. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown เมื่อabove 09/10/2564 branches. Locusta migratoria 02:27:14 and Bactrocera dorsalis are used as outgroup species……………………………..…………… 63 17. Single most parsimonious tree produced by reweighted parsimony (rescaled consistency index). Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia…………………………………………………….. 64 18. Phylogeny inferred from a maximum-likelihood analysis (GTR + I + G) based on COI sequences. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia…………………………………………………….. 65 19. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI nucleotide sequences with GTR model of thirty-nine mosquitoes. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. xviii
LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)
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Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia……………………………….. 66 20. Single most parsimonious tree produced from amino acid 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3sequences of COI gene. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above เมื่อbranches. 09/10/2564 Subgenera are given 02:27:14 at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man,Mansonia……………………………..……………………… 70 21. Stricted consensus tree of eighteen most parsimonious trees when given different weights to each amino acid residue (reweighting the characters with rescaled consistency index). Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria and Bactrocera dorsalis are used as outgroup species……………..….. 71 22. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI amino acid sequences. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia……………………………………………………...…… 72 xix
LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)
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23. Percent identity of sequence distances compared between subgenera of Culex mosquitoes..…………………………………... 78 24. One of two most parsimonious trees based on COI nucleotide sequences of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), เมื่อCuliciomyia. 09/10/2564 and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia 02:27:14..……………..………... 83 25. Stricted consensus tree of two most parsimonious trees when given equal weight to all characters of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria, Bactrocera dorsalis and Anopheles gambiae are used as outgroup species……...………………...……………. 84 26. Single most parsimonious tree of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex produced by reweighted parsimony (rescaled consistency index). Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia……… 85 27. Phylogeny inferred from a maximum-likelihood analysis (GTR + G) based on COI nucleotide sequences of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia…………………………………………………...… 86 28. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI nucleotide sequences with GTR model of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia…………………………. 87 xx
LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)
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29. One of 7,797 most parsimonious trees based on COI amino acid sequences of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia…………………………. 91 10.14457/MU.the.2004.330. Stricted consensus tree of 7,797 most parsimonious trees when เมื่อgiven 09/10/2564 equal weight to all 02:27:14amino acid residues of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria, Bactrocera dorsalis and Anopheles gambiae are used as outgroup species…………..… 92 31. Stricted consensus tree of 3,164 most parsimonious trees when given different weight to each amino acid residue (reweight the characters with rescaled consistency index) of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria, Bactrocera dorsalis and Anopheles gambiae are used as outgroup species…………………..………… 93 32. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI amino acid sequences with GTR model of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia……………..…………... 94 33. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on NS3 nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………………………………. 99 34. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS3 nucleotide sequences with GTR model of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > xxi
LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)
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50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………………… 100 35. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on NS3 amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses เมื่อare 09/10/2564given at the right: Culex 02:27:14( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………………………………. 103 36. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS3 amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………………………………………….. 104 37. Single most parsimonious trees based on NS5 nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………………………………. 107 38. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS5 nucleotide sequences with GTR + I + G model of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………. 108 39. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on NS5 amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector………………………...………. 111 xxii
LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)
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40. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS5 amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector……………………………………………. 112 10.14457/MU.the.2004.341. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on E nucleotide เมื่อsequences 09/10/2564 of mosquito-borne flav02:27:14iviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector……………….……………….. 115 42. Neighbor-joining tree based on E nucleotide sequences with GTR + G model of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector…………………… 116 43. Single most parsimonious trees based on E amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector……………………………………….. 119 44. Neighbor-joining tree based on E amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector……………………………………………. 120 45. Morphological relationships tree of Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex……………………………………………….…... 131 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A, G, C, T adenine, guanine, cytocine, thymine bp base pair °C degree Celcius CI consistency index 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3CFA cell fusing agent COI cytochrome oxidase subunit I เมื่อDen 09/10/2564 Dengue 02:27:14 DNA deoxyribonucleic acid dNTP deoxynucleoside triphosphate et al. et. alii (latin), and others FMN flavin mononucleotide G gamma model ggram GenBank genetic databank GTR general time reversible I proportion of invariable sites i.e. id est JE Japanese encephalitis L liter lnL log likelihood value M Molar (concentration) ML maximum likelihood MP maximum parsimony mL milliliter min minute mtDNA mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid MVE Murrey valley encephalitis ND NADH dehydrogenase xxiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)
NJ neighbor-joining nt nucleotide PAUP phylogenetic analysis using parsimony PCR polymerase chain reaction RC rescaled consistency index RC rescaled consistency index 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3RI retention index rpm round/revolution per minute เมื่อrRNA 09/10/2564 ribosomal 02:27:14 ribonucleic acid sec second Taq Thermus aquaticus TAE tris acetate EDTA buffer TBR tree bisection-reconnection TBE tick-borne encephalitis Ti transition Tv transversion Ti/Tv transition per transversion tRNA transfer ribonucleic acid UPGMA unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means WN West Nile w/v weight per volume µL microliter µg/µL microgram per microliter µg/mL microgram per milliliter YF yellow fever Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction Mosquitoes are important vectors of several diseases, including malaria, filariasis, and numerous viral diseases, such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever. Mortality and morbidity rates for mosquito-borne diseases are increasing 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3in several countries (1-2). Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in Southeast เมื่อAsia. In09/10/2564 1991, the ministry of public 02:27:14 health of Thailand reported that the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome cases were 43,511 with 137 deaths (3). Mosquitoes are classified in the order Diptera, family Culicidae and can be divided into three subfamilies, Toxorhynchitinae, Anophelinae, and Culicinae (4). Of about 3,000 species of mosquitoes, 1,700 species are Culicinae mosquitoes, while 950 species are Anophelinae mosquitoes. Anopheles mosquitoes are the main vectors of malaria, such as Anopheles gambiae in Africa and Anopheles dirus in Southeast Asia. Among Culicinae mosquitoes, Culex and Aedes are the main vectors for viral diseases that transmit to human (5). These mosquito-borne viruses are in family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, which contain over 70 viruses. Dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses, which distribute mainly in Asia region, are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can be transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, respectively. The advantage of dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, is able to breed in artificial containers, feed and rest in and around the house, while Culex quinquefasciatus can breed in polluted water and rest both indoor and outdoor. Molecular phylogenetic analysis has become famous for studying the relationships among organisms by using DNA or protein sequences from selected marker genes, which cannot do by morphological character or behavior. The principle methods used for studying the relationships are maximum parsimony (MP) (6), maximum likelihood (ML) (7), and neighbor-joining (NJ) (8). Results from molecular phylogenetic analysis are shown in a phylogenetic tree with bootstrap values (9). Tada Juthayothin Introduction / 2
Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene has been used for studying insect evolution because its has both highly conserved regions and variable regions, which contains information for phylogenetic study (10). The COI gene is widely used in phylogenetic studies among insects in the genera Drosophila (Diptera) (11), Chironomus (Diptera) (12), Greya (Lepidoptera) (13), and Libellula (Odonata) (14). Molecular phylogeny has been applied in forensic entomology, in which the immature stage of insects that are difficult to identify has been investigated and grouped according to their genera (15-16). Mosquito phylogeny has been studied by using several gene markers, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3including white (eye color) gene (17), cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase เมื่อsubunit 09/10/2564 5 (ND5) (18). The relationships 02:27:14 among closely related species or species complex have been investigated such as Anopheles gambiae complex (19), Anopheles punctulatus group (20), and Anopheles maculipennis group (21). There is a little known about the relationships of mosquitoes in the genus Culex. Previous studies were conducted using the characteristics of mouthparts (22) and internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (23). Thus, a phylogenetic study of mosquitoes in the family Culicidae and in the genus Culex which is main vector of Japanese encephalitis disease in Thailand, by using COI gene and correlated with phylogenetic study of flaviviruses that widespread in Asia region, might be give more information about the relationships among mosquitoes.
2. Objectives 1. To investigate the possibility of using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) as marker gene for studying the mosquito phylogeny 2. To find the relationships among mosquitoes in the family Culicidae and the genus Culex 3. To find the relationships among viruses in the genus Flavivirus Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Mosquito classification, life cycle and mosquito-borne diseases 1.1 Mosquito classification Mosquitoes are classified as members of the order Diptera. The meaning of Diptera is two wings (Di = “two” and ptera = “wing”) and common name of these 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3order is “true flies”. Body characteristics of dipteran larvae are in legless form, some เมื่อwith well-defined 09/10/2564 head and thorax 02:27:14 and others wormlike (Figure 1a). Mouthparts in adults are various modifications of sucking where as in larvae are various modifications of mandibulate mouthparts. Dipterans have compound eyes and variable antennae. Wings comprise one pair and are membranous. Legs are generally composed of five tarsi (Figure 1b) (24). Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order Diptera Suborder: Nematocera Family: Culicidae Diptera are the fourth largest order of insects, its contains more insects of medical and veterinary importance than any other order, and its members are found in a wide diversity of habitats. Diptera is divided into three suborders: Nematocera, Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha. Members of these suborders are separated on the basis of such features as antennal characteristics, wing venation, the shape of the exit hole from the pupal case, the nature of the pupa and larval characteristic (5). The suborder Nematocera are so called because, in the adult stage, they have comparatively long antennae (Nematocera = “thread horn”). The larvae have well- developed heads with mandibles that move in horizontal plane. Flies in the suborder Brachycera have antennae that are shorter than the thorax (Brachycera = “short horn”). Larvae have weakly developed heads, which are generally retractile, and the Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 4
mandibles move in the vertical plane. The suborder Cyclorrhapha (“circular seam”) refers to the circular shape of the opening through which the adult emerges from puparium. The larvae lack heads and are vermiform (maggots), with mouth hooks that operate in the vertical plane. The adults generally have aristate antennae. Mosquitoes are in the suborder Nematocera, family Culicidae. The most obvious characteristics separating adult mosquitoes from all other Diptera are a combination of long, narrow wings with scales on the wing veins and posterior margin, and elongate proboscis. The antennae are long and filamentous with 14 or 15 segments, hairs in whorls, plumose in males of most species where as females have 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3only a few short hairs on the antennae (Figure 1B) (24). Mosquito larvae are aquatic, เมื่อmost are09/10/2564 detritivores but some are02:27:14 predators. They are separable from unrelated aquatic insects by the absence of legs and by bulbous thorax, which is wider than the head or abdomen. They differ from other Dipteran larvae by a complete head capsule plus only one pair of functional spiracles situated dorsally on the eighth abdominal segment (Figure 1A) (5). Adult females of most mosquito species feed on vertebrate blood but except the mosquitoes in genus Toxorhynchites which adult females do not feed on blood (4). The family Culicidae contains approximately 3,000 species of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are divided into three subfamily, Toxorhynchitinae, Anophelinae and Culicinae. 1.1.1 Toxorhynchitinae are large mosquitoes with metallic scales, scutellum rounded and palpus of the female short. The basal part of proboscis is stout, the apical part is slender and strongly curved downward. Adult females are flower- feeder and larvae are predacious. Toxorhynchitinae contain the single genus Toxorhynchites. 1.1.2 Anophelinae mosquitoes have a palpus as long as proboscis in both sexes and scutellum rounded. They rest with the body and proboscis in an almost straight line, at an angle to the substrate. Females are blood-feeder. The subfamily Anophelinae is considered to contains three genera: Chagasia, Bironella and Anopheles. 1.1.3 Culicinae mosquitoes have a palpus short less than the proboscis in females where as males usually long, and the trilobed scutellum. They Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 5
rest with the proboscis bent down and the body more or less parallel to the substrate. Females are hematophagous. This subfamily contains about 1,700 species distributed among more than 20 genera, roughly two-thirds of species belong to Culex and Aedes. The others genera such as Armigeres, Mansonia, Coquillettidia, Sabethes, Uranotaenia and Aedeomyia, etc.
(A) 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
(B)
Figure 1. Morphological structure of (A) larval mosquito (5), and (B) adult mosquito (24). Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 6
1.2 Mosquito life cycle Mosquitoes have four distinct stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa and adult (Figure 2). Like other true flies, mosquitoes exhibit “complete metamorphosis” the juvenile form passes through both larval and pupal stages. The larvae are anatomically different from the adults, live in a different habitat and feed on a different type of food. Transformation to adult takes place during the non-feeding pupal stage. The females usually mate only once but produce eggs at intervals throughout their life. Female mosquitoes require a blood meal but males do not suck blood, they feed on juices. The digestion of a blood meal and simultaneous 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3development of eggs takes 2-3 days in the tropics but longer in temperate zones. The เมื่อgravid 09/10/2564females search for suitable 02:27:14 places to deposit their eggs, after which another blood meal is taken and another batch of eggs is laid. This process is repeated until the mosquito dies (25).
Figure 2. The mosquito life cycle, developmental stage from eggs, larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes (1).
Depending on the species, a female lays between 30 and 300 eggs at one time. Many species lay their eggs directly on the surface of water, either singly (Anopheles) or stuck together in floating rafts (Culex). In the tropics, the eggs usually hatch within 2-3 days. Some species (Aedes) lay their eggs just above the water line or Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 7
on wet mud, these eggs hatch only when flooded with water. If left dry they can remain viable for many weeks (Figure 3A). Once hatched, the larvae grow in four difference stages (instars). Although they no legs, they have a well-developed head and body covered with hairs, and swim with sweeping movements of the body. They feed on yeast, bacteria and small aquatic organism. Most mosquito larvae have siphon located at the tip of the abdomen through which air is taken in and come to the water surface to breathe, they dive to the bottom for short periods in order to feed or escape danger. Anopheles larvae, which feed and breathe horizontally at the surface, have a rudimentary siphon (Figure 3B). Mansonia 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3larvae do not need to come to the surface to breathe, since they can obtain air by เมื่อinserting 09/10/2564 the siphon into a water plant,02:27:14 to which they remain attached for most of the time. The larval period last about 4-7 days, or longer if there is a shortage of food. The fully grown larva then changes into a comma-shaped pupa, which does not feed and spends most of its time at the water surface (Figure 3C). If disturbed it dives to the bottom. When mature, the pupal skin splits at one end and a fully develop adult mosquito emerges (Figure 3D). The pupal period lasts 1-3 days. The entire period from egg to adult takes about 7-13 days under good condition (1). 1.2.1 Anopheles mosquitoes About 380 species of Anopheles occur around the world. Some 60 species are sufficiently attracted to humans to act as vectors of malaria. A number of Anopheles species are also vectors of filariasis and viral diseases. Larval habitats vary from species to species, but are frequently exposed to sunlight and commonly found in association with emergent vegetation, such as grass or mats of floating vegetation or algae. The most preferred breeding sites are pools, seepage, quiet places in slow running stream, rice fields, leaf axils of certain epiphytic plants and puddles of rain water. Artificial containers such as pots, tubs, cisterns and overhead tanks are not usually suitable, except in the case of Anopheles stephensi in south-west Asia. Anopheles mosquitoes are active between sunset and sunrise. Each species has specific peak biting hours, and there are also variations in their preference for biting indoors or outdoors. Many Anopheles species feed on both humans and Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 8
animals. They differ in the degree to which they prefer one to the other. Some species feed mostly on animals while others feed almost entirely on human. The latter species are more dangerous as vectors of malaria.
(A) 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ(B) 09/10/2564 02:27:14
(C)
(D)
Figure 3. Characteristics stage of different mosquitoes (1); Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex. Eggs (A), larvae (B), pupae (C), and adults (D). Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 9
1.2.2 Culex mosquitoes About 550 species of Culex have been described, most of them are from tropical and subtropical regions. Some species are important as vectors of bancroftian filariasis and arboviral diseases, such as Japanese encephalitis. Rafts of 100 or more eggs are laid on the water surface. The rafts remain afloat until hatching occurs 2-3 days later. Culex species breed in a large variety of still water, ranging from artificial containers and catchment basins of drainage systems to large bodies of permanent water. The most common species, Culex quinquefasciatus, a major vector of bancroftian filariasis, breeds especially in 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3water polluted with organic material, such as refuse and excreta or rotting plants. In เมื่อmany developing09/10/2564 countries Culex 02:27:14quinquefasciatus is common in rapidly expanding urban areas where drainage and sanitation are inadequate. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Asia, prefer cleaner water. It is most commonly found in irrigated rice fields and in ditches. Culex quinquefasciatus is markedly domestic species. The adult females bite people and animal throughout the night, indoors and outdoors. During the day, they are inactive and are often found resting in the dark corners of the rooms. They also rest outdoors on vegetation and in holes in trees in forested areas. 1.2.3 Aedes mosquitoes Aedes mosquitoes occur around the world and there are over 950 species. In tropical countries Aedes aegypti is an important vector of dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever and other viral diseases. A closely related species, Aedes albopictus, can also transmit dengue. In some areas Aedes species transmit filariasis. Eggs are laid singly on damp surfaces just above or near the water line in temporary pools and other habitats where the water level rises and falls. They can withstand desiccation for many months and hatch only when flooded with water. Aedes aegypti mainly breeds in the domestic environment, its preferred habitats are water storage tanks and jars inside and outside houses, leaf axils, bamboo stumps and temporary containers such as jars, drums, used car tyres, tin cans, bottles and plant pots. Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 10
Aedes albopictus originally occurred only in Asia and Madagascar but recently invaded North and South America as well as West Africa, where it may become important in the transmission of dengue and other viral diseases. Like Aedes aegypti, it breeds in temporary containers but prefers natural ones in forests, such as tree holes, leaf axils, ground pools and coconut shells, and breeds more often outdoors in gardens and less frequently indoors in artificial containers. Aedes mosquitoes bite mainly in the morning or evening. Most species bite and rest outdoors but in tropical towns Aedes aegypti breeds, feeds and rests in and around houses. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.31.3 Mosquito-borne diseases เมื่อ 09/10/2564Mosquitoes are important 02:27:14 vectors of several tropical diseases, including malaria, filariasis and numerous viral diseases, such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever (Table 1) (1-2). There are about 3,000 species of mosquito, of which 100 are vectors of human diseases.
Table 1. Mosquito vectors and their transmitted diseases (1). Mosquito vectors Diseases Anopheles Malaria, lymphatic filariasis Culex Lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, other viral diseases Aedes Yellow fever, dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, other viral diseases, lymphatic filariasis Mansonia Lymphatic filariasis
1.3.1 Malaria Malaria is widespread in the tropics and also occurs in subtropical and temperate regions (Figure 4). In 1993, it was estimated that about 2,020 million people in some 90 countries or territories are at risk of infection, and that some 300- 500 million people are ill with malaria each year, 1.5-2.7 million of whom die. Malaria is among the most important causes of death and illness in Africa, especially among children and pregnant women. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 11
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 4. Distribution of map of malaria diseases, which mainly widespread in tropical countries, also subtropical countries (5).
Malaria is caused by single-celled protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The parasites are transmitted from person to person by Anopheles mosquitoes. Four species of malaria parasite infect humans: 1.3.1.1 Plasmodium falciparum occur throughout tropical Africa and in parts of Asia, the Western Pacific, South and Central America, Haiti and Dominican Republic. 1.3.1.2 Plasmodium vivax is almost absent from Africa but is the predominant malaria parasite in Asia and South and Central America. 1.3.1.3 Plasmodium malariae is found worldwide but has a very patchy distribution. 1.3.1.4 Plasmodium ovale occurs mainly in tropical West Africa and rarely in the Western Pacific. Malaria parasites enter the human body via the bite of malaria- carrying mosquito of the genus Anopheles. The parasites invade the liver via the Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 12
bloodstream and multiply. During this period, the victim does not feel ill. After about nine days or longer, depending on the species, the parasites (called merozoites) enter the bloodstream, invade the red blood cells, and again multiply. A few days after the appearance of the first symptoms some merozoites develop into gametocytes, the sexual stage in the life cycle. Anopheles mosquitoes that feed on a person with gametocytes in the blood become infected and the parasites undergo another phase of reproduction in the insects. At the end of this process a new generation of malaria parasites, called sporozoites, migrates to the salivary glands of the mosquito where they remain until 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3the insect bites a person and injects the sporozoites together with its saliva into a new เมื่อhuman 09/10/2564host. The sporozoites then invade02:27:14 the liver and the cycle is repeated. The cycle in mosquitoes usually lasts between 9-12 days (Figure 5).
Figure 5. The life cycle of malaria parasites (1). Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 13
1.3.2 Lymphatic filariasis Lymphatic filariasis is caused by three species of parasitic worm, which occur in the lymph vessels and may cause huge swellings of the limbs and other parts of the body. Although the disease causes much suffering and disability it is rarely life threatening. 1.3.2.1 Bancroftian filariasis, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, is mainly transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus and by some Anopheles and Aedes species. In 1996, it was estimated that some 107 million people were infected in parts of China, India, other parts of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3tropical Africa, and South and Central America. เมื่อ 09/10/25641.3.2.2 Brugian02:27:14 filariasis, caused by Brugia malayi and Brugia timori, was estimated to infect some 13 million people in 1996, mainly in Southeast Asia. Its main vectors are Mansonia species. Brugia timori occurs on the islands of Flores, Timor and Alor, to the east of Java, and is transmitted by Anopheles barbirostris. The adult worms live in the lymphatic vessels in the human body and produce embryos called microfilariae, which circulate in the bloodstream and are picked up by biting mosquitoes. After developing for several days in the mosquito, infective larvae enter the skin when the mosquito feeds, migrate to the lymph nodes and develop into adult worms in the lymph vessels. The chance of an infection being established from a single bite by an infected mosquito is very low. The adult worms can live for many years, giving rise to large numbers of microfilariae in the blood. 1.3.3 Mosquito-borne viral diseases The viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods are called arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses). Approximately 400 different arboviruses are known, usually occur in animals and are sometime transmitted from animals to humans by mosquitoes. The most important arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes are yellow fever, dengue and several forms of encephalitis. The vectors are Aedes, Culex or, in a few cases, Anopheles species. The most important mosquito-borne viruses are classified in the family Flaviviridae, the genus Flavivirus includes more than 68 viruses. Most flaviviruses are arthropod-borne, being transmitted to vertebrates by infected mosquito Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 14
(50%) (Table 2) or tick vectors (28%) but some are isolated from bats, rodents and without known vectors (18%). Arthropod-borne flaviviruses cause significant human and animal disease and distributed worldwide. Flaviviral genome (~11 kb) composes of structural and nonstructural protein coding regions; structural protein coding regions encode for capsid protein (C), pre-membrane protein (preM) and envelope protein (E) while nonstructural coding regions encode for nonstructural protein 1, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A, 4B and 5 (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5) (89).
Table 2. Mosquito-borne flavivirus: vector-host relationships and disease associations 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3(89). เมื่อVirus 09/10/2564 Principal 02:27:14 Geographic Disease vertebrate host distribution Alfuy Bird Australia - Bazaga - Africa - Banzi - Africa Human Bouboui ?Monkey Africa - Bussuquara Rodent South America Human Dengue 1 Human, monkey Worldwide Human Dengue 2 Human, monkey Worldwide Human Dengue 3 Human Worldwide Human Dengue 4 Human Worldwide Human Edge Hill ?Marsupial Australia Human Ilheus Bird South America Human Israel turkey Bird Middle East, Africa Turkey meningoencephalitis Japanese encephalitis Bird, pig Asia Human, pig horse Jugra Bat Asia - Kedougou - Africa Human Kokobera ?Bird Australia Human Kunjin Bird Australia Human, horse Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 15
Table 2. Mosquito-borne flavivirus: vector-host relationships and disease associations (Continued) (89). Virus Principal Geographic Disease vertebrate host distribution Murray valley encephalitis Bird Australia Human, ?horse Naranjal ?Rodent South America - Ntaya - Africa - Rocio Bird South America Human 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3St. Louis encephalitis Bird North, South, Central Human America เมื่อSepik 09/10/2564 - 02:27:14 Africa Human Spondweni - Africa Human Stratford - Australia - Tembusu ?Bird Asia, Australia - Uganda S Bird Africa - Usutu Bird Africa Human Wesselsbron ?Rodent, sheep Africa, Asia Human, sheep West Nile Bird Africa, Europe Human, horse Yaounde Rodent, bird Africa - Yellow fever Monkey Africa, South America Human Zika Monkey Africa, Asia Human
The envelope protein (E) is the major envelope protein of the virion. This protein is believed to play key roles in virion assembly, receptor binding and membrane fusion. Mutations in this protein can often have dramatics effects on viral pathogenesis. E protein sequences shows areas of striking homology as well as divergence amongst the flaviviruses. The E protein is glycosylated for some, but not all, and the role of N-glycosylation in E function is unclear. The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), the second largest viral protein, is highly conserved among flaviviruses and is believed to be an enzymatic component of the RNA replication machinery. Sequence comparisons and biochemical analyses Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 16
suggest that NS3 is probably at least trifunction, containing protease, helicase and RNA triphosphatase activities. The nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is the largest and most highly conserved flavivirus protein. NS5 is a basic protein that believed to be the flavivirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase. The N-terminal domain of NS5 is homologous to a region of methyltransferase implicated in S-adenosylmethionine binding. It has been suggested that this domain may be involved in methylation of the 5’ cap structure. NS5 protein is at least bifuction, processing both methyltransferase and RNA polymerase activities. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.31.3.3.1 Yellow fever เมื่อ 09/10/2564Yellow fever02:27:14 is an acute disease of short duration, which often causes death. Death may occur within three days after the onset of the disease. The yellow fever virus mainly occurs in populations of monkeys in dense forests and gallery forests in Africa and South and Central America. It is transmitted from monkey to monkey by forest-dwelling mosquito (Aedes species in Africa, Haemagogus and Sabethes in South and Central America). These mosquitoes bite humans when they enter forests and may thus transmit the virus from the monkey reservoir to the human population. People infected in or near forests can carry the virus to rural or urban areas where Aedes aegypti or related mosquitoes can pick it up and transmit it among the human population. Such situations can result in serious epidemics and many deaths. In the Americas, urban outbreaks used to be extremely severe but have not occur since 1954. However, the risk remains and reported each year among people working in the forests. In Africa, urban or rural outbreaks are occasionally reported from areas near forests and may cause thousands of deaths. People working in forests also become infected regularly. Yellow fever has never been reported in Asia. 1.3.3.2 Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever Dengue caused by several closely related viruses, called dengue types 1, 2, 3 and 4. The disease is transmitted from person to person mainly by Aedes aegypti, but Aedes albopictus can also act as a vector. Two forms of the disease occur, dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 17
Dengue fever occurs in explosive epidemics that mainly affect adults, sometimes with ten of thousands of cases, especially in urban areas. Infection rarely results in death. It occurs in most tropical countries and in some subtropical areas. It can occur in rural and urban areas, if suitable vector mosquitoes are present. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a severe illness that occurs in Southeast Asia and has appeared relatively recently in the Americas and South Pacific, mainly affecting children. Dengue shock syndrome may develop as a result of loss of blood and lowered blood pressure. If treatment is not available, as 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3many as 50% of patients with shock may die, but overall mortality from dengue เมื่อhaemorrhagic 09/10/2564 fever is usually in the 02:27:14 range of 5-10%. 1.3.3.3 Viral encephalitis Viral encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain and spinal cord. A number of viruses cause the same signs and symptoms but with differing severity and rates of progress. Many infected people may have no symptoms. In mild cases there is fever and headache, severe cases are marked by high fever, headache, tremors, coma and spastic paralysis. Death is most frequent in infections with Japanese encephalitis and is also common in Murray Valley encephalitis and eastern equine encephalitis. Some of these viruses are maintained in birds. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes from the bird reservoir to other animals, such as horses and pigs and humans. Japanese encephalitis occurs in China and Southeast Asian countries, it formerly occurred in Japan. It is most common in rice-growing areas where Culex tritaeniorhynchus and related species transmit the virus from birds to pigs and humans. Mosquitoes also transmit it from pigs to humans. Venezuelan equine encephalitis is found in South and Central America and southern USA. The western equine and St. Louis encephalitis viruses occur in the USA and northern parts of South America. Eastern equine encephalitis occurs in eastern USA, South America, and in parts of Asia, Australia and Europe. 1.4 Mosquito-borne diseases and their vectors in Thailand Malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis and lymphatic filariasis are the major mosquito-borne diseases in Thailand (3), (26). The primary malaria vector is Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 18
Anopheles dirus, distantly followed by Anopheles minimus and Anopheles maculatus. All three of these taxa are complexes of closely related species, which often cannot be distinguished easily from each other. The vector capacity of the sibling species is not always the same. Other rarely incriminated or suspected vectors in Thailand include members of Barbirostris Group, which have been found to be vectors along Cambodian border, Anopheles sundaicus, which may be a vector in the coastal mangrove swamps and Anopheles philippinensis and Anopheles aconitus in rice field habitats. Dengue is the single most important arboviral disease in Southeast Asia and 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3also in Thailand. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are important vectors in เมื่อThailand. 09/10/2564 Aedes aegypti is generally 02:27:14 thought to be the vector in more urban areas and Aedes albopictus in rural areas. Japanese encephalitis is less common than dengue and is most prevalent in rural areas in northern regions of Thailand, although transmission occurs elsewhere in the country, including Bangkok. A number of mosquito species, mostly Culex, have been found naturally infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, which breeds in rice fields, is considered the principal vector, but there is also evidence that Culex fuscocephala, Culex gelidus, Culex vishnui and Culex pseudovishnui, all of which have similar breeding habitats to Culex tritaeniorhynchus, are probably only slightly less efficient vectors. The geographic extent of filariasis in Thailand is limited to the southern isthmus adjacent to Malaysia, western and northern borders with Myanmar. The principal vectors are Mansonia and Culex quinquefasciatus. Transmission of filariasis along the northern border takes place in the forests and the vector may be a member of the Niveus Subgroup of Aedes (Table 3).
Table 3. Potential mosquito vectors and mosquito-borne diseases in Thailand (3). Diseases Vector species Malaria Anopheles aconitus Anopheles annularis Anopheles dirus Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 19
Table 3. Potential mosquito vectors and mosquito-borne diseases in Thailand (Continued) (3). Diseases Vector species Anopheles karwari Anopheles kochi Anopheles maculatus Anopheles minimus Anopheles nivipes 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Anopheles philippinensis Anopheles pseudowillmori เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14Anopheles sundaicus Anopheles vagus Anopheles barbirostris group Anopheles hyrcanus group Dengue Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Japanese encephalitis Culex fuscocephala Culex gelidus Culex pseudovishnui Culex tritaeniorhynchus Culex vishnui Filariasis Mansonia annulata Mansonia annulifera Mansonia bonneae Mansonia dives Mansonia indiana Mansonia uniformis Coquillettidia crassipes Aedes niveus subgroup Aedes desmotes Armigeres subalbatus Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 20
Table 3. Potential mosquito vectors and mosquito-borne diseases in Thailand (Continued) (3). Diseases Vector species Anopheles barbirostris group Culex quinquefasciatus Culex sitiens
2. Molecular phylogeny of mosquitoes 10.14457/MU.the.2004.32.1 Molecular phylogeny Molecular phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among เมื่อorganisms 09/10/2564 by using molecular data 02:27:14 such as DNA and protein sequences, or other molecular markers. The objectives of phylogenetic studies are to reconstruct the correct genealogical ties among biological entities, to estimate the time of divergence between organisms, and to date the sequence of events along evolutionary lineages. There are several reasons why molecular data, particularly DNA and amino acid sequence data, are more suitable for evolutionary studies than morphological and physiological data. First, DNA and protein sequences are strictly heritable entities. This may not be true for many morphological traits that can be influenced to varying extents by environmental factors. Second, the description of molecular characters and character states (triple codon) is unambiguous. In contrast, morphological descriptions frequently contain such ambiguous modifiers as “thin”, “reduced” or “slightly elongated”. Third, molecular traits generally evolve in a much more regular manner than do morphological and physiological characters and therefore can provide a clearer picture of the relationship among organisms. Fourth, some molecular data can be used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among such distantly related organism as fungi, plant and animal. In contrast, there are few morphological characters that can be used for such a purpose. Finally, molecular data are much more abundant than morphological data. This abundance is especially useful when working with organisms such as bacteria, algae, virus and protozoa, which posses only a limited number of morphological or physiological characters that can be used for phylogenetic studies (27). Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 21
In phylogenetic studies, the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms are illustrated by phylogenetic trees. A phylogenetic tree is a graph composed of nodes and branches, in which only one branch connects any two adjacent nodes. The nodes represent the taxonomic units. The taxonomic units represented by the nodes can be species, populations, individuals, or genes. The branches define the relationships among the taxonomic units in terms of descent and ancestry. The branching pattern of the tree is called topology. In molecular phylogeny, methods of tree can be classified into distance matrix and character state approaches. Methods belonging to the former approach are 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3based on distance measures, such as the number of nucleotide substitution or amino เมื่อacid replacement. 09/10/2564 While methods 02:27:14belonging to the latter approach rely on character states, such as the nucleotide or amino acid at s particular site, or the presence or absence of a deletion or an insertion at a certain locus. UPGMA and neighbor-joining method are distance methods, while maximum parsimony is a character state method. Likelihood methods use both character states and distances (28). Phylogenetic reconstruction is a problem of statistical inference. Therefore, one should assess the reliability of the inferred phylogeny and its component parts. In phylogenetic studies, one resampling method, the bootstrap, has been developed to solve this problem. The bootstrap is a computational technique for estimating a statistic, it was introduced into phylogenetic study by Felsenstein, 1985 (9). The bootstrap technique has been frequently used as a means to estimate the confidence level of phylogenetic hypotheses. The bootstrap belongs to a class of methods calls resampling techniques because it estimates the sampling distribution by repeatedly resampling data from the original sample data set. 2.1.1 Distance matrix methods In distance methods, an evolutionary distance is computed for all pairs of sequence, and a phylogenetic tree is constructed from pairwise distances by using least squares or some other criterion. The evolutionary distance used for this purpose is usually an estimate of the number of nucleotides or amino acid substitutions per site. A phylogenetic tree is constructed by using an algorithm based on some functional relationships among the distance values. Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 22
2.1.1.1 Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) This is the simplest method for tree reconstruction. It was originally developed for constructing taxonomic phenograms that reflect the phenotypic similarities among taxonomic units (29). But it can also be used to construct phylogenetic trees if the rates of evolution are approximately constant among the different lineage so that an approximate linear relation exists between evolutionary distance and divergence time (30). For such a relation to hold, linear distance measures such as the number of nucleotide substitutions should be used. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3UPGMA employs a sequential clustering algorithm, in เมื่อwhich local09/10/2564 topological relationships 02:27:14 are identified in order of decreasing similarity, and the phylogenetic tree is built in a stepwise manner. In other words, first identify from among all the taxonomic units (simple taxonomic units) and the two that are most similar to each other and treat these as new single taxonomic units. Such a taxonomic unit is referred to as a composite taxonomic unit. For the new group of taxonomic units, then compute a new distance matrix and identify the pair with the largest similarity. This procedure is repeated until left with only two taxonomic units (27). 2.1.1.2 Neighbor-joining method (NJ) Neighbor-joining (8) is a method that is related to the cluster method, especially suited for datasets comprising lineages with largely varying rates of evolution. The neighbor-joining method is a special case of the star decomposition method. In contrast to cluster analysis, neighbor-joining keeps track of nodes on a tree rather than taxa or clusters of taxa. The raw data are provided as a distance matrix and initial tree is a star tree. Then a modified distance matrix is constructed in which the separation between each pair of nodes is adjusted on the basis of their average divergence from all other nodes. The tree is constructed by linking the least-distant pair of nodes in this modified matrix. When two nodes are linked, their common ancestral node is added to the tree and terminal nodes with their respective branches are removed from the tree. This pruning process converts the newly added common ancestor into a terminal node on a tree of reduced size. At each stage in the Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 23
process two terminal nodes are replaced by one new node. The process is complete when two nodes remain, separated by a single branch. Neighbor-joining methods work well when the extent of sequence differences is sufficiently large and number of nucleotides examined is large (>500 base pairs) (31). Advantages of neighbor-joining method is fast and suited for large datasets with large different. Disadvantages of this method is that the sequence information is reduced and gives only one possible tree with strongly dependent on the model of evolution used. 2.1.2 Maximum parsimony methods (MP) 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Parsimony implies that simpler hypotheses are preferable to more เมื่อcomplicated 09/10/2564 ones. Maximum parsimony 02:27:14 (6) is a character-based method that infers as phylogenetic tree by minimizing the total number of evolution steps required to explain a given set of data, or in other words by minimizing the total tree length. In maximum parsimony methods, a given set of nucleotide sequence are considered, and the nucleotides of ancestral sequences for a hypothetical topology are inferred under the assumption that mutational changes occur in all directions among the four different nucleotides. The smallest number of nucleotide substitutions that explain the entire evolutionary process for the given topology is then computed. This computation is done for all other topologies, and the topology that requires the smallest number of substitutions is chosen to be the best tree. The shortest pathway leading to these character states is chosen as the best tree, such a tree is called maximum parsimony tree (27). If there are no multiple substitutions at each site, maximum parsimony is expected to generate the correct topology as long as enough parsimony- informative sites are examined. Maximum parsimony is the only method that can easily take care of insertions and deletions of nucleotides, which sometimes give important phylogenetic information (31). 2.1.3 Maximum likelihood methods (ML) The first application of a maximum likelihood method to tree constructions was made by (32) for gene frequency data. Later, Felsenstein (7) developed maximum likelihood algorithms for amino acid and nucleotide sequence data. Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 24
The likelihood, L, of a phylogenetic tree is the probability of observing the data (nucleotide sequence) under a given tree and a specified model of character state changes (nucleotide substitution pattern). The bases of all sequences at each site are considered separately as independent. The first model of nucleotide substitution used was rather simple and did not take into account the transition/transversion bias, which is often observed in actual data (33). The aim of maximum likelihood methods is to find the tree from among all the possible trees with the highest L value. Note that since the likelihood depends on the model of nucleotide substitution, a tree with the largest likelihood value under one substitution model may 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3not be the maximum likelihood tree under another model of nucleotide substitution. เมื่อThe maximum 09/10/2564 likelihood method is02:27:14 computationally extremely time-consuming. Advantages of maximum likelihood method over other methods is that all sequence information is used, tend to be robust to many violations of the assumptions in the evolutionary model and the data were evaluated in different tree topologies. But a disadvantage of this method is the computational time (31). 2.2 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) The mitochondrial genome of animal consists of circular, double-stranded DNA about 15,000-17,000 base pairs long, approximately 1: 10,000 of the smallest nuclear genome. It contains only nonrepetitive unique sequence consists of: 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, control regions that contains sites for replication and transcription initiation, and a few intergenic spacers (Table 4). All the genes are intronless, and the genome is structurally and evolutionarily very stable, as is evident from the small variation in genome size and gene order among mammalian species (27, 34). Invertebrate mitochondrial DNA is about the same size as human or mammalian mtDNA (Figure 6), but yeast mtDNA is almost five times as large (~78,000 bp). Plant mtDNA are much larger and more variable than mtDNA of other organisms. They range in size from 2000,000-2,5000,000 bp. The genetic code used in mitochondria is different from the standard code uses in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic nuclear genes. UGA normally a stop codon, is read by human and fungal mitochondria translation systems as tryptophan; in plant mitochondria, UGA is still a stop codon. AGA and AGG are standard arginine codons Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 25
that encode arginine in fungal and plant mitochondrial DNA, but they are stop codons in mammalian mitochondria and serine codons in Drosophila (35).
Table 4. The mitochondrial genes and their products (27). Genes Products Ribosomal RNAs 2 subunits (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) Transfer RNAs 22 tRNAs (Leu, Ile, Gln, f-Met, Trp, Ala, Asn, Cys, Tyr, Asp, Ser, Lys, Gly, Arg, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3His, Ser, Leu, Glu, Thr, Pro, Phe, Val) NADH-dehydrogenase 7 subunits of NADH-dehydrogenase เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14(ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4L, ND4, ND5, ND6) Cytochrome c oxidase 3 subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COI, COII, and COIII) Cytochrome b 1 subunit H+-ATP synthase 2 subunits (ATPase 6 and ATPase 8)
The synonymous rate of substitution in mammalian mitochondrial protein- coding genes has been estimated to be 5.7 x 10-8 substitutions per synonymous site per year (36-37). This is about 10 times the value for synonymous substitution in nuclear protein-coding genes. The rate of non-synonymous substitutions varies greatly among the 13 protein-coding genes, but its always much high higher than the average non- synonymous rate for the nuclear genes. The principal reason for these high rates of substitution in mammalian mtDNA seems to be a high rate of mutation relative to the nuclear rate. The high mutation rate might be due to a low fidelity of the DNA replication process in mitochondria, an efficient repair mechanism, and a high concentration of mutagens (superoxide radicals) resulting from the metabolic functions performed by mitochondria (27). 2.2.1 Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene The cytochrome oxidase gene is one of 13 protein-coding genes in mitochondrial DNA. It consists of cytochrome oxidase subunits I, II, and III (COI, COII, COIII), (Figure 6). Cytochrome oxidase is the principle carrier of the electron Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 26
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 6. The genome organization comparing between human and yeast mitochondrial DNA (35).
transport chain. In the terminal electron transport, which is the final stage of respiration, the high energy level electrons are passed step by step to the low energy level of oxygen. Electrons carried by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) enter the chain when they are transferred to flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is thus reduced. Almost instantaneously, FMN passes the electrons on to CoQ- cytochrome reductase (CoQ). FMN returns to its oxidized form, ready to receive another pair of electron, and CoQ is reduced. CoQ then passes the electrons on to the next carrier and returns to its oxidized form, and so on down the line. As the electrons move down the chain, they drop to successively lower energy levels. The electrons are Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 27
ultimately accepted by oxygen, which combines with protons (hydrogen ions) to form water (38). The study of mtDNA sequence has become the method of choice in recent years for a wide range of taxonomic, population and evolutionary investigations in animals. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) possess some extra characteristics which make it particularly suitable as a molecular marker for evolutionary studies. COI gene is the largest of the three mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase subunits. Amino acid residues in the reaction centers, which are highly conserved, do not dominate the entire COI molecule, allowing scope for considerable variability in 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3some regions. Such a mix of highly conserved and variable regions so closely เมื่อassociated 09/10/2564 in a mitochondrial gene02:27:14 make the COI gene particularly useful for evolutionary studies (Figure 7).
Figure 7. A two dimensional model of insect COI gene. The twenty-five structural regions; 12 membrane-spanning helices (M1-M12), 6 external loops (E1- E6), 5 internal loops (I1-I5), carboxyl (COOH) and amino NH2) terminal are shown. Box residues have special functional significance, and filled circles represent residues observed to be variable between insect species (10). Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 28
COI was carried out a comparative analysis in nine insect species, including two orthopterans (a grasshopper and a locust), six dipterans (three fruit flies, two mosquitoes and a blowfly) and one hymenopteran (honeybee). They showed that different regions of the COI gene evolve at different rates, COOH-terminal was found to be significantly more variable than other regions, and highly conserved primers which amplify regions of different variabilities have been designed to cover the entire insect COI gene (10). A set of mitochondrial COI primers have been studied by genomic PCR and many primers combinations shown to work universally well across Insecta (39). 10.14457/MU.the.2004.32.3 Insect phylogeny เมื่อ 09/10/25642.3.1 Insecta phylogeny 02:27:14 The molecular clock hypothesis is the basis of the modern molecular phylogenetic approach for dating and resolving evolutionary divergence. Major studies include estimates for the ages of mammals (40) and birds (41). The molecular clock of the class Insecta are first defines with a robust nucleotide and amino acid mitochondrial molecular clock by using COI gene analysis in five insect orders, including the Blattaria (cockroaches), Orthoptera (crickets and locusts), Hemiptera (true bugs), Diptera (true flies) and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). The information indicates that insects arose from a common ancestor with Anostraca (fairy shrimps) at around the Silurian-Ordovician boundary (434.2-421.1 MYA) coinciding with the earliest plant megafossil. Proposing that the terrestrial transition of the aquatic arthropod ancestor to the insects is associated with a particular plant group (early vascular plants) (42). The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of crustacean, Penaeus monodon (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Malacostraca), is investigated and comparative analysis with two Crustacean [brine shrimp Artemia franciscana (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) and water flea Daphnia pulex (Branchiopoda, Cladocera)] and the members in class Insecta. The results from phylogenetic analysis shown that among arthropods Crustacea are paraphyletic and the possibility that Malacostraca are more closely related to Insecta than to Branchiopoda (43). Mitochondrial sequences are used as molecular markers for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies in many insects. Protein-coding genes NADH Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 29
dehydrogenase subunit I (NDI), COI and COII were examined in Habronattus jumping spider (Chelicerata, Arachnida, Araneae) and its provides news information on tRNA evolution within chelicerate arthropods (44). However, mitochondrial COI and 16S ribosomal RNA were examined to studies the relationships among members of dragonflies genus Libellula, Ladona and Plathemis (Odonata, Anisoptera, Libellulidae) (14). Twenty honeybee subspecies (Apis mellifera) were divided into subspecies groups by using mitochondrial DNA sequence (NADH dehydrogenase subunit II and isoleucine tRNA). The molecular phylogeny of subspecies groups similar to those based on morphometric measurement (45). Parasitism has evolved 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3independently within a number of insect orders, primarily in the wasps (Hymenoptera) เมื่อand flies 09/10/2564 (Diptera), but also in the02:27:14 beetles (Coleoptera) and several other orders. Nucleotide sequences from COI and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes of phytophagous and parasitoids in order Hymenoptera were used to investigate the host-parasitism relationship. The data suggested that the phytophagous wasps in family Siricidae (suborder Symphyla) were more closely related to the predominantly parasitic wasps in suborder Apocrita than were the ectoparasitic in the same suborder (superfamily Orussoidea, suborder Symphyla) (46). The biological differences between endoparasitic Hymenoptera and endoparasitic Diptera have been investigated by using several mitochondrial genes, including COI, COII 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA (47) DNA sequences of COI and COII also examined to investigate the relationships in many Lepidoptera species (13), (48). 2.3.2 Diptera phylogeny Phylogeny of the mitochondrial COI and nuclear glycerol-3- dehydrogenase (Gpdh) genes were studied in the Drosophila melanogaster species group (composed of melanogaster, takahashii, montium, suzukii, elegans, ananassae and ficusphila subgroups). Data from COI sequence do not show good phylogenetic performance in the melanogaster group when compared to the data from Gpdh gene. The results show that ananassae subgroup branched off first in the melanogaster group followed by montium subgroup and further by the melanogaster subgroup (11). Comparative genomics of mitochondrial DNA has shown in members of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup to investigate the force that shape evolutionary change in mtDNA (49). The studies of nuclear gene, Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 30
was done in species of subgenus Lordiphosa of the genus Drosophila and other Drosophilidae, and indicate that Lordiphosa have a close relationship to the subgenus Sophophora (50). The A+T rich region of mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana were comparative determined to D. yakuba and D. melanogaster, and the results revealed an unusual nucleotide divergence pattern (51). Tephritid fruit flies, Bactrocera tau complex, mitochondrial COI gene have been amplified and used for distinction of the members of the species complex into several groups (52). The phylogenetic relationships were studied in many insect groups and using several marker genes, in genus Rhagoletis (Diptera, 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Terphritidae) by using COII gene (53), in genus Chironomus (Diptera) by using เมื่อmitochondrial 09/10/2564 cytochrome b and 02:27:14COI genes (12, 54), and in black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) by using COII gene (55). Insect molecular phylogeny may play role in forensic entomology. The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval requires accurate identification of insects. Identification of individuals may be complicated by many factors, which include the diversity of adult fly species, the particular larval life stage collected and collection of dead insects only. Immatures are most frequently collected, their diagnostic characters may be difficult to recognize in these stages. Immatures may require rearing to adult stage for accurate identification, a time consuming process. Furthermore, specimens may be killed or damaged lead to incorrect identification. Because of forensic entomology requires the fast and accurate identification of insect collected from corpse and morphology identification may be complicate, particularly in immature stages. The applications of molecular phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA sequence (COI and COII gene) was done for identification of forensically important species of blowflies in Australia, which grouping of species according to genus (15- 16). 2.3.3 Mosquito phylogeny The family Culicidae contains about 3,000 species of mosquitoes, which have been classified into three subfamilies; Anophelinae, Toxorhynchitinae and Culicinae. Over 80% of these species are Culicines, making this the most diverse subfamily. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Culicidae was done by using nuclear-coding eye color white gene. It reveals that Anophelinae formed the basal Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 31
clade, Toxorhynchitinae occupied an intermediate position and was the sister group to the subfamily Culicinae (17). The relationships among mosquitoes in subfamily Culicinae are studies by using a restriction map of rDNA cistron. The results are incongruent with morphology and molecular phylogeny, and did not correspond with taxonomic classifications. The lack of resolution was due to homoplasy arising from frequent independent loss or gain of restriction sites among unrelated taxa (56). The relationships among mosquito members (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex) were investigated by using several genes, 16S ribosomal RNA gene (57), COII gene (58-59). The entire mitochondrial genome was sequenced for study the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3genome size and organization, amino acid, nucleotide substitution and codon bias เมื่อcompares 09/10/2564 to other insects in Anopheles 02:27:14 gambiae (60), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (61). Mosquito members in subfamily Anophelinae were studies the relationships by the use of two mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that basal position of Chagasia, Bironella includes in genera Anopheles, and subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia were supported as monophyletic lineage (18, 62). Molecular phylogeny has been used for studies of the relationships within Anopheles group or species complex: Anopheles punctulatus group (20), Anopheles maculipennis species group (21), Anopheles gambiae complex (19), and Anopheles albimanus population (63). The studies of gene flow in three closely related species of mosquitoes, Anopheles dirus species A, B and D from Southeast Asia was done by the data from mitochondrial sequence (64). The complete sequence of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I has been investigated and compare to other mosquitoes (65). Interaction between Culicine larvae and dietary polyphenols of the vegetation surrounding mosquito breeding sites were examined by methods of molecular phylogeny, which occupy on mitochondrial DNA of Culicine larvae (66). The relationships among Aedes (Stegomyia) flavopictus complex has been examined by using internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA, the result showed separation of the specimens into three major clades corresponding to both subspecies and geographic region (67). Mitochondrial DNA variation within and among populations of Aedes albopictus was investigated and found that low level of mtDNA polymorphism are present due to recent range expansion (68). Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 32
Illustrated keys of mosquitoes in genus Culex (Culex), major vectors of Japanese encephalitis in Southeast Asia, have been present. Because members of the Culex vishnui subgroup, which includes some important vectors, are difficult to identify as adults (69), phylogenetic relationships among Culicini tribe was examined by using mouthpart characters of larvae (22). The relationships among Culex mosquito and among Culex pipiens complex were studied by using internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA and can separate populations of Culex pipiens complex into northern and southern latitude (23). 2.4 Flavivirus phylogeny 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3The genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae comprises over 70 viruses, เมื่อmany of09/10/2564 which, such as the dengue 02:27:14 viruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus are important human pathogens. They are positive-stranded RNA viruses with the genome of approximately 10.5 kb. Virions contain three structural proteins, capsid, membrane and envelope, and infected cells have been shown to contain seven non-structural (NS) protein, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5 (89). A phylogenetic analysis of all flaviviruses was done using NS5 as a gene marker and this study revealed for the first time that from the putative ancestor two branches, a non-vectored and a vector-borne virus cluster evolved. From the latter cluster emerged tick-borne and mosquito-borne virus clusters. Supporting data suggested that the non-vector cluster evolved first, followed by the separation of tick- borne and mosquito-borne virus clusters and these clades correlated significantly with existing antigenic complexes (93). Phylogenetic relationships of flaviviruses have been studied using partial sequences of the NS5 and E genes, and correlated with their epidemiology, disease association and biogeography. The phylogeny identified mosquito-borne, tick-borne and no-known vector virus clades, which could be further subdivided into clades defined by their principal vertebrate host and which revealed distinct biogeographic clusters in either the Old World or the New World. The mosquito-borne flaviviruses revealed two distinct epidemiological groups, the neurotropic and non-neurotropic viruses (94). A phylogeny of 123 complete E gene sequences was reconstructed to understand the evolution of tick-borne and mosquito- borne flaviviruses. The distinction between the radiations of these two viral groups Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 33
probably reflects differences in modes of dispersal, propagation, and changes in the size of host populations. This revealed that growing human populations are being exposed to an expanding range of increasingly diverse viral strains (91). Phylogenetic study was conducted of Dengue type 3 viruses that were isolated from patients in Martinique between 1999 and 2002. Genomic sequence determination and analysis showed great stability of the viruses during the period of study and that their ancestor probably originated from Southeast Asia (95). Phylogenetic analysis of E gene sequence of five recently isolated dengue type 4 viruses suggested the emergence of a distinct geographical and temporal dengue 4 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3subgenotype IIA in Malaysia. Four of the isolates had direct ancestral lineage with เมื่อdengue 09/10/2564 4 Indonesia 1973, while 02:27:14one isolate showed strong evidence of an earlier recombination involving dengue genotype II Indonesia 1976 and genotype I Malaysia 1969. This suggested that intra-serotypic recombination amongst dengue 4 strains from independent ancestral lineages may have contributed to the emergence of dengue 4 subgenotype IIA in Malaysia and that new genotypes could emerge especially in the population where multiple strain of virus are co-circulating (96). A phylogenetic analysis of 15 viral strains of dengue 2 compared their ability to infect and disseminate in different populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. E gene sequence analysis confirmed that six strains belonged to an American genotype and nine strains were of a Southeast Asian genotype. The patterns of infection suggested that Ae. aegypti tended to be more susceptible to infection by dengue 2 viruses of the Southeast Asian genotype than to those of the American genotype (97). Examination of 38 wild strain of yellow fever (YF) virus from Africa representing different countries and times of isolation revealed extensive variation within genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis identified five distinct genotypes: central/east Africa, east Africa, Angola, west Africa I and west Africa II. There are thus multiple genotypes of YF virus in Africa and this suggests independent evolution of YF virus in different areas of Africa (98). An isolate of West Nile virus obtained from a pool of four male Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes represented the first field isolation of West Nile virus from male mosquitoes and strongly suggested that vertical transmission of the virus occurs in the primary maintenance mosquito vector in Kenya. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses demonstrated a sister relationship with a Culex Tada Juthayothin Literature review / 34
pipiens mosquito isolate from Romania and probably reflects the role of migratory birds in disseminating West Nile virus between Africa and Europe (99). Phylogenetic analysis of viruses obtained from dead birds in Austria, Central Europe, exhibited 97% identity to the Utusu virus, which has never previously been observed outside Africa. This virus may have considerable effects on avian populations; whether it has the potential to cause severe human disease is unknown (100). Major genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus currently circulating in Japan were investigated and revealed that all the strains clustered into two distinct genotypes (III and I). All strains isolated before 1991 belonged to genotype III, while those 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3isolated after 1994 belonged to genotype I. In addition, the strains of genotype I เมื่อisolated 09/10/2564 in Japan showed close genetic02:27:14 relationships with those from Korea and Malaysia (101). West Nile and Kunjin viruses have been classified as distinct types in the Flavivirus genus. West Nile virus isolates exhibited substantial divergence and could be differentiated into four distinct groups, while Kunjin virus isolates from Australia were antigenically homologous and distinct from the West Nile isolates and a Malaysian Kunjin virus. Kunjin and West Nile viruses comprise a group of closely related viruses that can be differentiated into subgroups on the basis of genetic and antigenic analysis (102). The origin, emergence and evolutionary history of dengue virus has been studied and revealed that the four serotypes originated approximately 1000 years ago and that endemic transmission in humans was established in the last few hundred years. However, its place of origin remains uncertain, as does the extent of genetic and phenotypic diversity present in the sylvatic (primate) transmission cycles (103, 104). A study of the origin and evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus in Southeast Asia suggests that Japanese encephalitis virus originated from an ancestral virus in the Indonesia-Malaysia region and evolved there into the different genotypes which then spread across Asia thus implying that tropical Southeast Asia may be an important zone for emerging pathogens (105). Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahodol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 35
CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Mosquito specimens In this study, 18 common mosquito species (1 Toxorhynchites, 1 Mansonia, 2 Aedes, 2 Armigeres, and 12 Culex) in Thailand were sequenced using COI gene. These mosquito DNA sources came from both direct extracts of individual mosquito and 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3mosquito DNA that originally collected by Kittayapong et al, 2000 (77). For DNA เมื่อextraction 09/10/2564 from individual mosquito, 02:27:14 these mosquitoes were collected from several provinces (Table 7) and morphological character keys were used for mosquito identification (3). In addition to these species, 26 mosquito COI sequences and other insect COI sequences, Locusta migratoria and Bactrocera dorsalis, were taken from GenBank databases (66, 70-75). The list of mosquito species and their classification including GenBank accession numbers shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Mosquito classification and their GenBank accession number. Species GenBank accession numbers Family Culicidae Subfamily Anophelinae Genus Anopheles Subgenus Anopheles Anopheles freeborni AF417717 Anopheles earlei AF425843 Anopheles quadrimaculatus NC_000875 Subgenus Cellia Anopheles gambiae AF252878 Anopheles stephensi AF417713 Anopheles arabiensis AF252877 Subgenus Nyssorhynchus Anopheles albimanus AF417695 Tada Juthayothin Materials and Methods / 36
Table 5. Mosquito classification and their GenBank accession number (Continued). Species GenBank accession numbers Anopheles albitarsis AF417696 Anopheles marajoara AF417699 Anopheles rondoni AF417701 Subgenus Kerteszia Anopheles bellator AF417704 Anopheles cruzii AF417703 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Genus Bironella Subgenus Bironella เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14Bironella gracilis AF417725 Genus Chagasia Chagasia bathana AF417726 Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae Genus Toxorhynchites Subgenus Toxorhynchites Toxorhynchites splendens This study Toxorhynchites amboinensis AF417727 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) sp. AF425850 Subgenus Lynchiella Toxorhynchites rutilus AF425849 Subfamily Culicinae Genus Aedes Subgenus Ochlerotatus Aedes caspius AF253025 Aedes mariae AF253033 Aedes cataphylla AF253026 Aedes punctor AF253035 Subgenus Finlaya Aedes geniculatus AF253031 Subgenus Stegomyia Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahodol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 37
Table 5. Mosquito classification and their GenBank accession number (Continued). Species GenBank accession numbers Aedes aegypti This study Aedes albopictus This study Subgenus Aedimorphus Aedes vexans AF253041 Genus Culex Subgenus Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Culex bitaeniorhynchus This study Culex quinquefasciatus This study เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14Culex sitiens This study Culex tritaeniorhynchus This study Culex gelidus This study Culex vishnui This study Culex whitmorei This study Culex fuscocephala This study Culex tarsalis AF425847 Subgenus Eumelanomyia Culex brevipalpis This study Culex (Eumelanomyia) sp. This study Subgenus Culiciomyia Culex nigropunctatus This study Culex pallidothorax This study Genus Armigeres Subgenus Armigeres Armigeres subalbatus This study Subgenus Leicesteria Armigeres magnus This study Genus Mansonia Subgenus Mansonoides Mansonia uniformis This study Tada Juthayothin Materials and Methods / 38
Table 5. Mosquito classification and their GenBank accession number (Continued). Species GenBank accession numbers Genus Aedeomyia Subgenus Aedeomyia Aedeomyia squamipennis AF417729 Genus Uranothenia Subgenus Uranothenia Uranothenia lowii AF417728 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Family Tephritidae Genus Bactrocera เมื่อ 09/10/2564Subgenus 02:27:14 Zeugodacus Bactrocera dorsalis AY053507 Family Acrididae Subfamily Oedipodinae Genus Locusta Locusta migratoria NC_001712
2. DNA extraction Mosquito DNA was extracted by STE boiling method (76). Individual mosquito was ground with a sterilized polypropylene pestle in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube with 100 µL of STE buffer [100 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA (pH 8.0)]. The homogenate was heated at 95ºC for 10 min and then centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 2 min at room temperature. Two microliters of supernatant was used as DNA template in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
3. PCR amplification PCR amplification was carried out along a 642 bp region of COI gene, by using UEA 7 and UEA 10 primer set (Figure 8), which amplify the conserved region of COI in all insects (39). The primer sequences were:
UEA 7 5'-TACAGTTGGAATAGACGTTGATAC-3' UEA 10 5'-TCCAATGCACTAATCTGCCATATTA-3' Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahodol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 39
PCR amplification was done in 20 µL reaction volumes [12.5 µL ddH2O, 2 µ
L 10X PCR buffer (Promega), 2 µL 25 mM MgCl2, 0.5 µL dNTP (10 mM each), 0.5 µ L of 20 mM forward and reverse primers and 1 unit of Tag DNA polymerase (Promega)]. The PCR temperature profile (10, 52, 77) is:
Initial denaturation at 94ºC 3 min Denaturation at 94ºC 1 min Annealing at 55ºC 1 min 35 cycles 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Extension at 72ºC 1 min เมื่อ 09/10/2564Final extension at 72ºC 02:27:14 30 min Ten microliters of PCR product was run on 1% w/v agarose gel compare to 100 bp DNA ladder to determine the presence and size of amplified DNA, which approximately 700 bp.
Figure 8. The amplified regions along the COI gene using several primers set. In this study, UEA7/10 primer set is used to amplify the most variable region on COI gene, which contain information for phylogenetic analysis (39).
4. DNA cloning and sequencing Ligation was performed by the protocol described in Promega ’s Technical Manual for the pGEM-T Vector System. One microliter of PCR product was used directly for ligate into a pGEM-T Easy vector (Figure 9A) [5 µL 2X rapid ligation
buffer, 2 µL ddH2O, 1 µL T4 DNA ligase, 1 µL pGEM-T Easy vector, and 1 µL PCR product, (Promega)]. Some nucleotide sequences of plasmid vector in ligated region Tada Juthayothin Materials and Methods / 40
and the position of PCR product ligated to vector are shown in Figure 9B. Total volume reaction is 10 µL. After the reagents were put together, the reaction was done by incubate at 4ºC overnight.
(A)
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
(B)
Figure 9. pGEM-T Easy vector circle map (A) and nucleotide sequence of cloning vector and inserted DNA region of pGEM-T Easy vectors (B) (www.promega.com). Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahodol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 41
For transformation, five microliters of ligation mixture was added to sterile 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube on ice. Then 100 µL of E. coli competent cells, DH5-α which has β-galactosidase properties (78), was transferred into the tube and flick the tube to mix and place on ice for 30 min. Heat-shock the cells for 60 sec in water bath at 42ºC and immediately return the tube to ice for 2 min. Add 200 µL SOC medium to the tube containing cell transformed with ligation reactions and incubate for 60 min at 37ºC with shaking. After that put and plate all mixture onto LB/ampicillin/IPTG/X- Gal plate and incubate at 37ºC overnight (16-24 hours) (52, 79-80). White colonies, which generally contain inserted DNA (81), were checked for the present of inserted 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3DNA by PCR amplification by use T7/SP6 prim er set with PCR temperature profile เมื่อsame as09/10/2564 UEA7/10 primer set done and02:27:14 repeated checking again with UEA 7/10 primer set. The T7/SP6 primer sequences were:
T7 5'-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCGA-3' SP6 5'-ATTTAGGTGACACTATAGAATAC-3'
Three clones, that contain inserted DNA, were selected and sequenced on an ABI Prism automated sequencer (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, CT). Consensus sequences of mosquito COI fragments were constructed by SeqMan program (DNAstar, Lasergene) and used for molecular phylogenetic analysis.
5. Flaviviruses nucleotide sequences Twenty-four flavivirus nucleotide sequences in this study were obtained from GenBank database. All these viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that widespread in Asia region such as dengue (DEN) virus and Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, but exception in some species which found in other regions such as West Nile (WN) virus, yellow fever (YF) virus, Kunjin virus and Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus. In this phylogenetic study of mosquito-borne flavivirus, cell fusing agent (CFA) and tick- borne encephalitis (TBE) virus which consider as member of non-vector flaviviruses and tick-borne flaviviruses, respectively, were used as outgroup species. List of mosquito-borne flaviviruses and their source have shown in Table 5. Tada Juthayothin Materials and Methods / 42
Table 6. Flaviviruses used in phylogenetic study and their GenBank accession number. Viruses (strain) Distribution GenBank accession no. Cell fusing agent Unknown NC_001564 Tick-borne encephalitis (Vasilchenko) Siberia, UK L40360 Dengue type 1 (280par00) Paraguay AF514878 (293arg00) Argentina AF206457 (S275/90) Singapore M87512 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Dengue type 2 (Jamaica/N.1409) Jamaica M20558 (New Guinea C) New Guinea AF038403 เมื่อ 09/10/2564(TSV01) 02:27:14 Australia AY037116 Dengue type 3 (80/2) Guangxi, China AF317645 (Mart/1999/1243) Martinique, France AF099337 (Sri/2000/1266) Sri Langa AF099336 Dengue type 4 (Den4) USA M14931 (814669) Dominica AF326573 (B5) Guangzhou, China AF289029 Japanese encephalitis (Beijing-1) China L48961 (Ling) China L78128 (Vellore p20778) India AF080251 (JaOArs982) Japan M18370 (K94P05) Korea AF045551 West Nile (China-01) China AY490240 (NY99-eqhs) New York, USA AF260967 (2741) Connecticut, USA AF206518 Yellow fever (85-82H) West Africa U54798 (79A/788379) Trinidad AF094612 Kunjin (MRM61C) Australia D00246 Murray Vallay encephalitis Australia NC_000943 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahodol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 43
6. Molecular phylogenetic analysis All insect partial COI nucleotide sequences or amino acid sequences were aligned by Clustal algorithm by MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene); the program translated the initial DNA sequences into amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by using PAUP 4.0 b1 (82). In mosquito phylogenetic study, published sequences of locust, Locusta migratoria, and tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, were used as outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes was studied from both COI nucleotide and amino acid data with maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) method. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3For phylogenetic study of flaviviruses, 26 flavivirus nucleotide sequences, เมื่อwhich 09/10/2564cell fusing agent (CFA) and02:27:14 tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus used as outgroup taxa, of non-structural protien subunit 3 (NS3) gene, non-structural protien subunit 5 (NS5) gene and envelope protein (E) gene were aligned by Clustal algorithm by MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from both nucleotide and amino acid data with maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) method. 6.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) method Maximum parsimony (MP) method (6) was used for produce a phylogenetic tree from both nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences. Starting trees for heuristic searches using branch swapping were obtained by stepwise addition. Branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection (TBR). Initial searches were performed with each character weight equally and gaps were treated as missing characters. For character weighting, PAUP’ reweight option was used to successive weighting method, which reweights characters in proportion to their rescaled consistency index on an initial tree. This procedure is repeated until a single topology is consistently supported (83). Bootstrapping under parsimony utilized 100 replicates. In addition, branches are classified as being “well supported” when bootstrap values are >90, “moderately well supported” when values are >70 but <90, and “weakly supported” when values are > 50 but <70 (84). In case of numerous trees production, the consensus tree was produced by Strict consensus option. Tada Juthayothin Materials and Methods / 44
6.2 Maximum likelihood (ML) method Maximum likelihood (ML) method (7) was used for produces phylogenetic tree from nucleotide sequences only. The minimum-parameter ML model of DNA evolution that best fit each of the data sets were determined by likelihood ratio tests using MODELTEST 2.0 (85). All models were evaluated with and without rate heterogeneity. Rate heterogeneity was accommodated in three ways: using gamma model, using invariant sites model, and using a gamma plus invariant sites model (86). Other than nucleotide frequencies, for which empirical values were used, ML parameter employed in the subsequent analyses were estimated iteratively from the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3data using PAUP ’s tree scores option, with the unweighted MP trees used for an เมื่อinitial estimation09/10/2564 of the parameters. 02:27:14 Heuristic search was performed stepwise addition using 10 replications with TBR branch swapping. Bootstrap value was determined by 100 replicates. 6.3 Neighbor-joining (NJ) method Neighbor-joining method (8) was used for make a phylogenetic tree from both nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences. For nucleotide analysis, this distance measure was corrected for multiple substitution using maximum likelihood estimation under substitution models, while the model of evolution evaluated by using MODELTEST program (85). Using the likelihood parameter values estimated for the model and tree topology, 100 neighbor-joining bootstrap replicates were carried out in the final step. With amino acid analysis, substitution models are not involved in phylogenetic tree production but rather use mean character difference of standard distance option. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 45
CHAPTER IV RESULTS
1. PCR amplification of mosquito COI gene and agarose gel electrophoresis In this study, eighteen mosquito species were used for DNA extraction (1 Toxorhynchites, 1 Mansonia, 2 Aedes, 2 Armigeres, and 12 Culex). A list of the mosquito species is shown in Table 7. DNA from eighteen mosquito species was 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3amplified on the COI region by using UEA7/10 primer set. Approximate size of PCR เมื่อproduct 09/10/2564 is around 700 bp (39). DNA 02:27:14 of Bactrocera dorsalis tephritid fruit flies was used as positive control in PCR amplification and deionized water is negative control.
Table 7. Mosquito species used in COI gene amplification and their DNA sources. Mosquito species DNA sources/Province Family Culicidae Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae Genus Toxorhynchites Subgenus Toxorhynchites Toxorhynchites splendens Chanthaburi Subfamily Culicinae Genus Aedes Subgenus Stegomyia Aedes aegypti Bangkok Aedes albopictus Bangkok Genus Culex Subgenus Culex Culex bitaeniorhynchus Kittayapong et al, 2000 Culex quinquefasciatus Chonburi Culex sitiens Kittayapong et al, 2000 Culex tritaeniorhynchus Chanthaburi Culex gelidus Phetchaburi Tada Juthayothin Results / 46
Table 7. Mosquito species used in COI gene amplification and their DNA sources (Continued). Mosquito species DNA sources/Province Culex vishnui Kittayapong et al, 2000 Culex whitmorei Kittayapong et al, 2000 Culex fuscocephala Kittayapong et al, 2000 Subgenus Eumelanomyia Culex brevipalpis Kittayapong et al, 2000 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Culex (Eumelanomyia) sp.Kittayapong et al, 2000 Subgenus Culiciomyia เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14Culex nigropunctatus Kittayapong et al, 2000 Culex pallidothorax Kittayapong et al, 2000 Genus Armigeres Subgenus Armigeres Armigeres subalbatus Bangkok Subgenus Leicesteria Armigeres magnus Kanchanaburi Genus Mansonia Subgenus Mansonoides Mansonia uniformis Bangkok
The annealing temperature used in PCR amplification by UEA7/10 primers was in the range from 50ºC to 55ºC. Final step of DNA extension was carried out at 72ºC for 30 min, which blunt end of PCR products were performed several A-tailing at the end. This process essential for ligated to plasmid vectors in ligation step. PCR product was run through 1% w/v agarose gel and compared to a 100 bp DNA ladder. Expected size of PCR product was about 700 bp and an example of results was shown in Figure 10. PCR products were present in clear bands and were the same size as positive control, but some slightly pale band occurred at lower size (~ 300 bp) while negative control have no band. PCR products that were of the size same as positive control from each mosquito species was then ligated and transform to bacteria cells. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 47
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อFigure 09/10/256410. Agarose gel electrophoresis 02:27:14 from COI gene amplification using UEA7/10 primer set in three Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, lane 1,2 and 3 respectively, and its sizes are around 700 bp compares to positive control (p), from Bactrocera dorsalis tephritid fruit fly and deionized water used as negative control (n), the bands that present at around 100 bp were primer dimer.
2. DNA cloning and sequencing Amplified region of COI gene was ligated to pGEM-T Easy vector, which contain ampicillin resistant gene, and incubated at 4ºC overnight. After ligation had done, a plasmid vector was transformed into E. coli cells, DH5-α. Bacteria cells that contain inserted DNA resulted in white colony formation on IPTG/X-Gal plate, because of β-galactosidase gene of the plasmid are inactivated by inserted DNA, while non-inserted DNA containing cells forming blue colony. Plasmids from white colonies were checked for the presence of inserted DNA using T7/SP6 primer set in the PCR amplification. Positive PCR products from these primers gave around 300 bp plus in size of the inserted DNA (700 bp) or about 1,000 bp and negative results gave about 300 bp (Figure 11). Three hundred base pairs belonged to plasmid DNA that amplified from T7/SP6 primer set. Positive clones from using T7/SP6 primer set were repeated again with UEA7/10 PCR amplification and final products should be around 700 bp (Figure 12). Bacteria clones that contain COI inserted DNA were selected and sequenced for nucleotide and triplet replication were done for one mosquito species. Tada Juthayothin Results / 48
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อFigure 09/10/256411. Agarose gel electrophoresis 02:27:14 of PCR products from plasmid clones of Culex sitiens mosquito, White colonies were picked and checked for inserted DNA by using T7/SP6 primer set. Positive results from this primer set should give product size about 1,000 bp (lane 2 and lane 5), while negative results that did not have inserted DNA give product about 300 bp (lane 1,3,4,6 and 7).
Figure 12. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products from plasmid clones of Culex gelidus mosquito. After checking size of inserted DNA by T7/SP6 primer set, positive result samples were done PCR again with UEA7/10 primer set to final confirm inserted DNA size that should be 700 bp. Lane 1 to 9 and lane 11 are positive results. Lane 10 is negative results from the clone that contains 300 bp of inserted DNA. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 49
3. Consensus sequences After 3 replications of COI nucleotide sequences from individual mosquito species are obtained, SeqMan program (DNAstar, Lasergene) was used to make a consensus sequence. Nucleotide sequences from DNA sequencing contain both plasmid vector DNA and COI inserted DNA. Thus after three nucleotide sequences from the same individual mosquito were aligned and compared with UEA7/10 primer set. Every COI inserted DNA must have the region that contained the same nucleotide sequences as the primers. Three nucleotide sequences and primer sequences were aligned to group the most similar sequence together by SeqMan program (Figure 10.14457/MU.the.2004.313A). Nucleotide sequences of the vector plasmid were first cut off (Figure 13B) and เมื่อprimer 09/10/2564sequences were cut off 02:27:14later (Figure 13C) resulting in only three COI nucleotide sequences that used for making a consensus sequence. In each nucleotide position of COI sequences were compared for the difference of nucleotide sequences by eye and compared to ABI sequencing data format and finally consensus sequences were obtained (Figure 13D). Eighteen mosquito species were made consensus sequences individually and all consensus sequence length was 642 bp (Appendix B) and the sequence began at the nucleotide position from 2,320 to 2,961 of the mitochondrial genome. Eighteen mosquito COI consensus sequences, 26 published mosquito COI sequences and 2 published outgroup insects COI sequences from GenBank database were used for mosquito phylogenetic analysis
4. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae Thirty-seven COI mosquito sequences and two other insects (tephritid fruit fly and locust) COI sequences are aligned by Clustal algorithm by MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by using PAUP 4.0 b1 (82). The model of nucleotide substitution that used in maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining method were investigated by using MODELTEST 2.0 (85). To investigate the relationship among mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae, the methods were divided into two parts, nucleotide analysis and amino acid analysis of COI gene. 4.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae using COI nucleotide sequences Tada Juthayothin Results / 50
(A)
Plasmid vector sequences Primer sequences (B) 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Primer sequences COI sequences (C)
COI sequences (D)
Consensus sequences
Figure 13. Three nucleotide sequences of Aedes albopictus mosquito from DNA sequencing were aligned and compared with UEA7/10 primer sequences (A). To make a consensus sequence, all plasmid vector sequences (B) and primer sequences (C) were cut resulting in only COI sequences. All nucleotide in each position were compared and adjusted to make a final single consensus sequences (D). Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 51
For study the relationship of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae, thirty-nine insect nucleotide sequences were aligned together. Because COI nucleotide sequences were obtained from both direct sequencing from individual mosquitoes (642 bp) and GenBank database (622 bp), thus the nucleotide length was not equal when aligned and analyzed with the program (Appendix C), but it was not a problem for phylogenetic analysis. Along 642 aligned positions of COI sequences, 324 positions (50.47%) were conserved which nucleotide sequences in all thirty-nine insects were the same so they were not used for phylogenetic analysis, whereas 318 positions (49.53%) were 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3variable and 259 (40.34%) were informative for maximum parsimony analysis. The เมื่อnumber 09/10/2564 of sites in each codon [first 02:27:14 (nt1), second (nt2) and third codon (nt3)] along COI sequences were shown in Table. 8. The 642 bp of COI sequences can be divided into 214 bp of each codon. The position of nt3 was the most variable sites whereas nt2 (12.89%) was least variable when compared to nt1 (25.16%) and nt3 (61.95%) positions. The informative sites in each codon is the same as variable sites ranging from nt3 (66.79%), which have more informative sites, to nt1 (23.94%) and nt2 (9.27%), respectively.
Table 8. Number of sites compared for COI sequences of culicine mosquitoes. nt1 nt2 nt3 Total Total 214 214 214 642 Variable sites 80 (25.16%) 41 (12.89%) 197 (61.95%) 318 Informative sites 62 (23.94%) 24 (9.27%) 173 (66.79%) 259
The nucleotide proportion (A, G, C and T) of mosquitoes in the subfamilies Toxorhynchitinae, Anophelinae and Culicinae compared to other insects, locust and tephritid fruit fly were shown in Table 9. The results showed high proportion of bases A and T in all insect species. The average percentage of A+T in all mosquitoes is about 71.6%, which was higher than those found in L. migratoria (70.9%) and B. dorsalis (66%). To obtain the sequence distances between mosquitoes, the sequence pairwise distance values were calculated by using Clustal method. Sequence distance values was calculated to compare the distance between the genera of mosquito in three Tada Juthayothin Results / 52
subfamilies as shown in Table 10. Percent identity of sequence distances between the genera of mosquitoes and outgroup insects ranged from 72.8% (Locusta and Aedes) to 79.2% (Bactrocera and Chagasia), and sequence distances compare between the genera of mosquitoes ranged from 80.6% (Mansonia and Aedeomyia) to 89.2% (Aedes and Culex).
Table 9. Proportion of each nucleotide in each mosquito subfamily. Other insects 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3ACGT L. migratoria 0.3723 0.1620 0.1293 0.3364 เมื่อB. dorsalis 09/10/25640.3068 02:27:14 0.2009 0.1386 0.3537 Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae ACGT Tx. splendens 0.3209 0.1464 0.1075 0.4252 Tx. amboinensis 0.3189 0.1442 0.1122 0.4247 Tx. rutilus 0.3053 0.1558 0.1075 0.4314 Tx. (Toxorhynchites) sp. 0.3146 0.1449 0.1090 0.4315 Mean 0.3149 0.1478 0.1090 0.4283 Subfamily Anophelinae ACGT An. albimanus 0.3029 0.1715 0.1314 0.3942 An. albitarsis 0.3029 0.1651 0.1330 0.3990 An. marajoara 0.3061 0.1667 0.1362 0.3910 An. rondoni 0.3077 0.1619 0.1378 0.3926 An. ganbiae 0.2991 0.1776 0.1340 0.3893 An. stephensi 0.3069 0.1651 0.1277 0.4003 An. arabiensis 0.2981 0.1779 0.1362 0.3878 An. freeborni 0.3125 0.1667 0.1362 0.3846 An. earlei 0.3162 0.1651 0.1324 0.3863 An. quadrimaculatus 0.3084 0.1713 0.1371 0.3832 An. bellator 0.3013 0.1699 0.1378 0.3910 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 53
Table 9. Proportion of each nucleotide in each mosquito subfamily (Continued). An. cruzii 0.2981 0.1603 0.1314 0.4102 Bi. gracilis 0.3157 0.1555 0.1266 0.4022 Ch. bathana 0.3077 0.1699 0.1330 0.3894 Mean 0.3066 0.1679 0.1325 0.3930 Subfamily Culicinae ACGT Ae. caspius 0.2846 0.1688 0.1270 0.4198 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Ae. mariae 0.2878 0.1656 0.1286 0.4180 Ae. cataphylla 0.2797 0.1672 0.1431 0.4100 เมื่อAe. punctor 09/10/25640.2781 02:27:14 0.1704 0.1431 0.4084 Ae. geniculatus 0.2910 0.1752 0.1351 0.3987 Ae. aegypti 0.2944 0.1698 0.1231 0.4127 Ae. albopictus 0.3006 0.1636 0.1184 0.4174 Ae. vexans 0.2926 0.1720 0.1334 0.4020 Cx. sitiens 0.2991 0.1636 0.1230 0.4143 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 0.3006 0.1573 0.1246 0.4175 Cx. nigropunctatus 0.2928 0.1589 0.1262 0.4221 Cx. pallidothorax 0.2913 0.1667 0.1277 0.4143 Cx. brevipalpis 0.2975 0.1651 0.1153 0.4221 Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. 0.2897 0.1573 0.1277 0.4253 Ar. subalbatus 0.3037 0.1636 0.1184 0.4143 Ar. magnus 0.2835 0.1636 0.1215 0.4314 Mn. uniformis 0.2991 0.1994 0.1199 0.3816 Ad. squamipennis 0.3061 0.1635 0.1266 0.4038 Ur. lowii 0.3253 0.1619 0.1282 0.3846 Mean 0.2946 0.1670 0.1269 0.4115 Total mean 0.3031 0.1659 0.1278 0.4032 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Tada Juthayothin Results / 54 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Table 10. Pairwise sequences distance comparison of different genera of mosquitoes. Results/54 Tada Juthayothin Percent identity 123456789101112
1. Locusta --- 76.5 73.4-75.8 73.4-75.9 74.8 75.0 72.8-75.4 74.3-75.9 73.4-74.0 73.7 75.5 77.1
2. Bactrocera ------75.4-76.8 76.6-78.8 76.6 79.2 76.2-78.1 75.2-79.0 75.4-76.0 77.3 74.2 76.0
3. Toxorhynchites ------82.6-86.5 85.1-86.2 84.1-85.4 84.4-87.8 85.5-88.3 85.4-87.8 82.6-82.9 84.1-85.9 82.2-84.8
4. Anopheles ------84.9-88.3 85.6-88.1 82.6-88.8 82.6-88.5 83.0-87.2 81.2-83.7 81.2-85.4 82.5-86.1
5. Bironella ------85.4 83.9-87.5 83.8-87.5 83.5-85.3 82.4 84.5 85.3
6. Chagasia ------84.6-86.7 84.3-86.4 84.5-87.0 81.7 83.7 84.3
7. Aedes ------85.0-89.2 85.5-88.6 80.9-83.8 83.5-86.5 83.6-85.7
8. Culex ------85.7-87.5 81.8-84.6 83.8-86.5 84.1-87.0
9. Armigeres ------81.9-82.1 83.3-84.8 84.0-84.3
10. Mansonia ------80.6 81.9
11. Aedeomyia ------83.3 12. Uranothenia ------Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 55
Sequence distances between the genera of mosquitoes were computed to sequence distance of mosquito subfamilies and compared to outgroup insects and between three subfamilies of mosquitoes. Table 11 shown mosquito subfamily sequence distances comparison.
Table 11. Sequence distances of mosquito subfamilies and outgroup insects. Percent identity 1234 10.14457/MU.the.2004.31. Outgroup insects --- 75.46 76.19 75.58 2. Toxorhynchitinae ------84.72 86.08 เมื่อ3. Anophelinae 09/10/2564 --- 02:27:14 ------85.51 4. Culicinae ------
The results from identity of sequence distance of mosquito subfamilies revealed that subfamily Anophelinae was the most closely related to outgroup insects (76.19%) when compared to subfamily Culicinae (75.58%) and Toxorhynchitinae (75.46%). Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae was more closely related to Culicinae than Anophelinae, Anophelinae was more closely related to Culicinae than Toxorhynchitinae, and Anophelinae and Toxorhynchitinae were the most distantly related subfamilies (Figure 14.).
Toxorhynchitinae
84.72% 86.08 %
Percent identity
Anophelinae Culicinae 85.51%
Figure 14. Percent identity of sequence distances between three mosquito subfamilies. Tada Juthayothin Results / 56
4.1.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis. L. migratoria and B. dorsalis were used as outgroup taxa to contruct phylogenetic tree of 37 mosquito COI nucleotide sequences. Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection. Of 642 aligned positions, 318 (49.53%) were variable sites and 259 (40.34%) were informative for parsimony. All characters weight were given equally, gaps were treated as missing characters and the results from MP analysis produces 4 most parsimonious trees [length = 1,553 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.309, retention index (RI) = 0.476 and rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.147] and 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3a representative of these trees was presented in Figure 15. เมื่อ 09/10/2564From the MP tree, there was02:27:14 strong support only for the monophyletic group of mosquitoes in the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I). Toxorhynchites mosquitoes in Subgenus Toxorhynchites [Tx. splendens, Tx. amboinensis and Tx. (Toxorhynchites) sp.] were clustered together with high bootstrap support while Tx. rutilus (Subgenus Lynchiella) formed the sister taxa. There was no support for the monophyletic group of mosquitoes in the Subfamily Anophelinae (bootstrap < 50%) (Clade III). Members of Anopheles mosquitoes from each subgenus were clustered with different levels of bootstrap support. The monophyly of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Cellia were weakly supported by the bootstrap value, Subgenus Anopheles was moderately supported, the members of Subgenus Kertezia were highly supported while Ch. bathana formed the sister taxa with this group. Bi. gracilis formed paraphyletic taxa and were clustered with two members of mosquitoes in the Subfamily Culicinae, Ad. squamipennis and Ur lowii, but there is no support for this grouping. For the Subfamily Culicinae, mosquitoes were clustered into two groups (Clades II and IV). The upper group (Clade II) was clustered together with the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I) and another group (Clade IV) was clustered at the base of the tree. For clade II, there was no support for monophyly of both mosquitoes in the genera Aedes and Armigeres. In the group of Aedes mosquitoes, Ae. geniculatus (Subgenus Finlaya) was the sister taxa of Ae. caspius and Ae. mariae (Subgenus Ochlerotatus) and was similar to Ae. vexans (Subgenus Aedimorphus) Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 57
which was the sister taxa of Ae. cataphylla and Ae. punctor (Subgenus Ochlerotatus). Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the representative of the Subgenus Stegomyia were clustered together but no supported for monophyly. Both Ar. magnus (Subgenus Leicesteria) and Ar. subalbatus (Subgenus Armigeres) were paraphyly of the Aedes clade. For the base of clade IV of Culicinae, Mn. uniformis was the basal taxa in this tree. There was no support for monophyly of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex but there were strong support for mosquitoes within the Subgenera Culex and Culiciomyia. For Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia, Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. Formed the paraphyletic group with those Culex group and Cx. brevipalpis formed 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3paraphyletic group at the base with the Subfamily Anophelinae clade (Clade III) but เมื่อboth Culex 09/10/2564 groups did not supported 02:27:14 by the bootstrap value. A Stricted consensus tree of 4 most parsimonious trees was presented in Figure 16, in which all 4 trees were combined into a single tree. There is no support for monophyletic group of the Subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae in which the tree branches collapsed to multifurcation (polytomy) except for the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae that was strongly supported with high bootstrap value. From the consensus tree, there were many groups within each subfamily that strongly supported the monophyletic group, such as Subgenus Toxorhynchites of the Toxorhynchites mosquitoes, Subgenera Anopheles and Kertezia of the Anopheles mosquitoes, and Subgenera Culex and Culiciomyia of the Culex mosquitoes. Only Subgenera Nyssorhynchus which was weakly supported the monophyletic group. After initial search for the most parsimonious tree, characters were given equal weight and then reweighted according to the highest observed value of the rescaled consistency index across all trees. This process was repeated until the characters weights and tree topologies were stabilized. Trees from reweighted character options were shown in Figure 17, in which the tree length was 244.13392 steps; 405 characters weight was equal to 1 and 237 characters weight was not equal to 1. After reweight the characters, a single most parsimonious tree has been produced and it has a better resolution in term of higher bootstrap value support of the mosquito clustering. There was no difference in the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae clade Tada Juthayothin Results / 58
(Clade I) when compared to the last equal weight tree and it had the same high support. In the Subfamily Anophelinae clade (Clade II), there were some changes in the position of each subgenus cluster and it had higher bootstrap support. There was strong support for the clade of Subfamily Anophelinae that was not supported when gave equal weight to all characters, this was different when gave the different weight to the characters. The strong support presented in the group of the Subgenera Kertezia and Anopheles; moderate support in the group of Subgenus Cellia; and weak support in the group of Subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles mosquitoes. There were 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3difference in position of Ch. bathana that was placed at the base of the Anophelinae เมื่อclade. Bi09/10/2564. gracilis formed paraphyletic 02:27:14 group which was clustered with two member of mosquitoes in the Subfamily Culicinae, Ad. squamipennis and Ur lowii. This paraphyletic group does not support by bootstrap value. In the Subfamily Culicinae, they were separated into two monophyletic groups (Clades III and IV) with higher bootstrap support. For clade III, there was no difference in these Aedes and Armigeres mosquito positions; Armigeres mosquitoes were sister taxa of Aedes mosquitoes, except the presence of weak support to this clade which do not occur when gave equal weight to all characters. In addition, weak support was present in the Subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes mosquitoes that had never present before. Clade IV of the Subfamily Culicinae was similar to Clade III that there was the presence of weak bootstrap support to this clade. The position of Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes was the same as before changing the character weight. Mansonia uniformis was placed at the base of the tree following by Culex cluster, except for Cx. brevipalpis that was grouped within the Toxorhynchitinae clade (Clade I) but with no bootstrap support. 4.1.2 Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The ML tree (-lnL = 7270.5010) was inferred using a general time reversible (GTR) model with different rates of substitution for each substitution class (A↔C = 3.8951, A↔G = 28.0426, A↔T = 19.5233, C↔G = 14.8995, C↔T = 49.2671 and G↔T = 1), among site variation rate accommodated by assuming a proportion of sites to be invariable (I = 0.4325), and rates at the remaining sites assumed to follow a gamma distribution (G = 0.8136), [GTR + I + G]. The proportion of each nucleotide for these ML analysis was A= Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 59
0.367296, C= 0.136155, G= 0.091953 and T= 0.404596. The single ML tree was presented in Figure 18 and the bootstrap value lower than 50% was not shown at the branch. From the ML tree, there was high support for monophyly of mosquitoes in the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I). Toxorhynchites mosquitoes in the Subgenus Toxorhynchites were clustered together with highly bootstrap support, while Tx. rutilus (Subgenus Lynchiella) was a sister taxa of those group. There was not support for the clade of mosquitoes in the Subfamily Anophelinae (Clade II). Anopheles mosquito in the Subgenus Anopheles grouped 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3together with high support, while the Subgenus Kertezia had a moderate bootstrap เมื่อsupport. 09/10/2564 Anopheles mosquitoes in the02:27:14 Subgenus Cellia also grouped together but there was no bootstrap support. The member of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Subgenus Nyssorhynchus, An. albimanus was the sister taxa of the Subgenus Anopheles cluster. Anopheles rondoni was a sister taxa, while An. albitarsis and An. marajoara were paraphyletic group of the Subgenus Cellia cluster. Another member of subfamily Anophelinae, Ch. bathana was the basal taxa of the Subfamily Anophelinae clade (Clade II), and Bi. gracilis was placed in the Subfamily Culicinae clade (Clade III). Mosquitoes in the Subfamily Culicinae were divided into two groups, upper (Clade III) and lower groups (Clade IV) and both groups did not support for the monophyly. Clade III composed of Aedes and Armigeres mosquitoes. Aedes geniculatus (Subgenus Finlaya) was a sister taxon of Ae. caspius and Ae mariae (Subgenus Ochlerotatus), while Ae cataphylla and Ae. punctor (Subgenus Ochlerotatus) were a paraphyletic group of this cluster; and Ae. vexans (Subgenus Aedimorphus) was placed at the base of clade III. Aedes mosquitoes in the Subgenus Stegomyia were grouped together and were paraphyletic to Bi. gracilis and Ar. subalbatus (Subgenus Armigeres). Armigeres magnus (Subgenus Leicesteria) was placed at the base of the upper group (Clade III) of the mosquitoes in Subfamily Culicinae. The lower group (Clade IV) composed of Culex, Mansonia, Aedeomyia and Uranothenia mosquitoes. Mansonia. uniformis was placed at the base of the tree, Cx. brevipalpis (Subgenus Eumelanomyia) and Ad. squamipennis were the sister taxa of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae clade (Clade I). Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex showed strong support and were paraphyletic to Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. and Tada Juthayothin Results / 60
Ur. Lowii, while Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culiciomyia were sister taxa of the lower group (Clade IV). 4.1.3 Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis. A single NJ tree was produced by using a GTR model and was presented in Figure 19. From the NJ tree, the clade of Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I) was the only clade that moderately supported by bootstrap values, whereas no bootstrap support was shown in the clade of Subfamilies Anophelinae (Clade IV) and Culicinae (Clade II and III). In a monophyletic group of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae, the result was the same to MP and ML analyses, Toxorhynchites mosquitoes in the Subgenus Toxorhynchitinae 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3grouped together and Tx. rutilus (Subgenus Lynchiella ) was placed as a sister taxon. เมื่อ 09/10/2564The position of mosquitoes 02:27:14 in the Subfamily Anophelinae (Clade IV) was different from the MP and ML analyses, in that their positions were at the base of the tree and this clade IV did not support by bootstrap values. Anopheles mosquitoes in the Subgenus Kertezia were clustered with poor support and Bi. gracilis was a sister taxon. Members of the Subgenus Anopheles were also clustered with poor support, while the Subgenus Cellia group had no bootstrap support. In the Subgenus Nyssorhynchus, An. albitarsis and An. marajoara were clustered with low bootstrap support following by An. albimanus and An. rondoni, which were sister taxa. Chagasia. bathana was placed at the base of the tree. The Subfamily Culicinae were divided into two groups. The upper group (Clade II) consists of Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes while the lower group (Clade III) consisted of Aedes and Armigeres mosquitoes. Both clade II and III did not support the monophyletic group. In clade II, Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culiciomyia were clustered with moderate support whereas Mn. uniformis and Cx. (eumelanomyia) sp. were sister taxa. The paraphyletic group of this cluster was Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex which were clustered with strong support. Culex. brevipalpis was the basal taxa for the upper clade (Clade II) of Subfamily Culicinae. In clade III, Ae. caspius and Ae. mariae was clustered together, and Ae. cataphylla and Ae. punctor were the paraphyletic group of each other. The Subgenus Ochlerotatus did not have bootstrap support while Ae. vexans (Subgenus Aedimorphus)and Ar. magnus (Subgenus Leicesteria) were placed as the sister taxa of this Subgenus. Aedes mosquitoes in the Subgenus Stegomyia were paraphyletic to Ae. geniculatus Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 61
(Subgenus Finlaya) and Ar. subalbatus (Subgenus Armigeres). For clade III, Ad. squamipennis and Ur. lowii were the sister taxa at the base of this clade.
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Tada Juthayothin Results / 62
Tox I = Anophelinae Lyn
= Culicinae Och Fin = Toxorhynchitiae Och Ae II Ste 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Lei เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Arm Nys
Ano
Ker III Cha Cel Bi Aed Ura Eu Cu Culi IV Eu Man
Figure 15. One of four most parsimonious trees based on COI gene sequences. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 63
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 16. Strict consensus tree of four most parsimonious trees when given equal weight to all characters. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria and Bactrocera dorsalis are used as outgroup species. Tada Juthayothin Results / 64
Tox I Lyn = Anophelinae Eu
= Culicinae Nys = Toxorhynchitinae
Ano 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 II เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cel Ker Cha Bi Ura Aed Och Fin Och Ae III Ste Arm Lei Cu Culi IV Eu Man
Figure 17. Single most parsimonious tree produced by reweighted parsimony (rescaled consistency index). Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 65
Tox Lyn I Aed Eu = Anophelinae Nys = Culicinae Ano = Toxorhynchitinae Nys 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 II เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cel Nys Ker Cha Bi Arm Ste
Och III Fin Och Ae Lei Cu Eu Ura IV Culi Man
Figure 18. Phylogeny inferred from a maximum-likelihood analysis (GTR + I + G) based on COI sequences. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia. Tada Juthayothin Results / 66
Tox I Lyn Cu = Anophelinae Culi II = Culicinae Man 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3= Toxorhynchitinae Eu เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Och Ae Lei III Fin Arm Ste Aed Ura Ker Bi Ano IV Cel
Nys
Cha Figure 19. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI nucleotide sequences with GTR model of thirty-nine mosquitoes. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 67
4.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae using COI amino acid sequences To study the relationship of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae, 642 bp of nucleotide sequences of mosquito COI gene were translated to amino acid sequences and were aligned by using MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene) resulting in 214 amino acid residues alignment (Appendix D). Of 214 amino acid residues, maximum parsimony analysis indicated that 130 amino acid (60.75%) were constant sites with the same amino acid in each position for all insects and so these were not used for the analysis. The variable sites of amino acid 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3were 84 residues (39.25%) in which 58 amino acids (27.10%) were informative sites เมื่อfor phylogenetic 09/10/2564 analysis. 02:27:14 4.2.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of amino acid was the same as nucleotide analysis, in which L. migratoria and B. dorsalis were used as outgroup insects. Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection- reconnection. Maximum parsimony with equal weight characters produced only single parsimonious tree (Figure 20) with tree length 272 steps [consistency index (CI) = 0.551, retention index (RI) = 0.694 and rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.383]. From MP tree, there was moderately confident support for the monophyly of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I) which Tx. rutilus (Subgenus Lynchiella) was the sister taxon to mosquitoes in the Subgenus Toxorhynchites. In this clade I, Ad. squamipennis, Ar. magnus (Subgenus Leicesteria) and Ae. albopictus (Subgenus Stegomyia) of the Subfamily Culicinae were sister taxa to this clade. The monophyly of the Subfamily Anophelinae (Clade IV) was poorly supported by the bootstrap value. Anopheles mosquito in the Subgenus Kertezia was strongly supported for the grouping with An. stephensi (Subgenus Cellia) as a sister taxon. There was a moderate support for the cluster of the Subgenus Anopheles and An. rondoni (Subgenus Nyssorhynchus) was a sister taxon. Anopheles albimanus, An. albitarsis and An. marajoara of the Subgenus Nyssorhynchus were sister taxa of the group of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis of the Subgenus Cellia. Another members in this Subfamily Anophelinae, Ch. bathana was the basal taxa to this clade IV and Bi Tada Juthayothin Results / 68
gracilis was grouped with Ar. subalbatus (Subgenus Armigeres) and was placed in the clade of the Subfamily Culicinae (Clade II). Subfamily Culicinae were divided into the upper (Clade II) and lower groups (Clade III) with no bootstrap support for both monophyletic groups. Clade III consisted of Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes. Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex were clustered together while Cx. pallidothorax and Cx. nigropunctatus of the Subgenus Culiciomyia were sister taxa. The group of Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. and Mn. uniformis were paraphyletic to clade III. Culex. brevipalpis (Subgenus Eumelanomyia) was placed at the base of clade III. In clade II, Ae. vexans branch off first following by 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3a group of Aedes mosquitoes in the Subgenus Ochlerotatus in which Ae. geniculatus เมื่อ(Subgenus 09/10/2564 Finlaya) was placed as 02:27:14a sister taxon of Ae. cataphylla and Ae. punctor of the Subgenus Ochlerotatus. Aedes aegypti (Subgenus Stegomyia) was a sister taxon of the group of Bi. gracilis of the Subfamily Anophelinae and Ar. subalbatus (Subgenus Armigeres) whereas Ae. albopictus (Subgenus Stegomyia), Ar. magnus (Subgenus Leicesteria) and Ad. squamipennis were placed as sister taxa of clade I of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae. Uranothenia. lowii of the Subfamily Culicinae was placed at the base of the tree together with clade IV and branch off first following by the group of the Subfamily of Anophelinae. Reweighting the characters of amino acids was done to give the difference in weight to each amino acid character. The results from reweighted character option produce 18 most parsimonious trees, thus the result in Figure 21 showed in Strict consensus tree that combined all 18 trees into only single most parsimonious tree. Results from reweighting the characters gave higher bootstrap value in the branches that were previously shown the bootstrap value lower than 50%. From Stricted consensus tree, there was a strong support for monophyletic group of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae. The moderate bootstrap value also supported the clade of the Subfamily Anophelinae but there was no support for the Subfamily Culicinae. Some of members in the Subfamily Culicinae were placed in other subfamilies. Aedeomyia squamipennis and Cx. brevipalpis were clustered within the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae clade whereas Ch. bathana was clustered in the Subfamily Anophelinae clade. This was similar to Bi. gracilis of the Subfamily Anophelinae which was clustered in the clade of Subfamily Culicinae. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 69
4.2.2 Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of thirty-seven mosquito amino acid COI sequences produced a single NJ tree with better resolution of bootstrap support when compared to MP analysis of amino acids (Figure 22). Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I) was well resolved with strong support of the monophyletic group. The position of each member in this clade was the same as those of the amino acid MP tree For the Subfamily Anophelinae (Clade II), there was moderate support for the monophyletic group and the branch pattern was similar to the amino acid MP tree except for An. stephensi which changed the position with group of the Subgenus 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Kertezia. This Anophilinae clade had higher bootst rap support when compared to the เมื่อamino acid09/10/2564 MP tree and some branches 02:27:14 that were not supported in the amino acid MP tree became supported in the amino acid NJ tree. In the Subfamily Culicinae, the branching had slightly different pattern from the amino acid MP tree and it still had the upper (Clade III) and lower groups (Clade IV) with higher bootstrap value support when compared to the amino acid MP tree but there was no support for the monophyletic group in both clades. In clade IV, Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex were paraphyletic group of the Subgenus Culiciomyia. Culex. (eumelanomyia) sp. and Mn. uniformis were the paraphyletic group of those Culex cluster. Culex. brevipalpis was present as the basal taxon of the clade IV. Uranothenia. lowii was a basal taxon of the tree following by Bi. gracilis of the Subfamily Anophelinae and Ar. subalbatus (Subgenus Armigeres) which were sister taxa of the lower group of the Subfamily Culicinae (Clade IV). For clade III of the Subfamily Culicinae, branching pattern was similar to the amino acid MP tree but was different in the presence of the group of the Subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes mosquitoes at the base of clade III and Ar. magnus (Subgenus Leicesteria) was a basal taxon to this clade III. For Ad. squamipennis which was in the Subfamily Culicinae was placed in the monophyly of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae (Clade I). Tada Juthayothin Results / 70
Tox
Lyn I = Anophelinae Aed Lei = Culicinae Ste Bi = Toxorhynchitinae Arm Ste 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Och II Och เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Fin Ae Cu
Culi III Eu Man Eu
Nys
Cel
Ano IV Nys Ker Cel Cha Ura
Figure 20. Single parsimonious tree produced from amino acid sequences of COI gene. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 71
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 21. Stricted consensus tree of eighteen most parsimonious trees when given different weights to each amino acid residue (reweighting the characters with rescaled consistency index). Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria and Bactrocera dorsalis are used as outgroup species. Tada Juthayothin Results / 72
= Toxorhynchitinae Tox I = Anophelinae Lyn Aed = Culicinae Nys
Cel 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Ano II Nys เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cel Ker Cha Och Och Fin III Ae Ste Lei Cu Culi Eu IV Man Eu Arm Bi Ura Figure 22. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI amino acid sequences. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera are given at the right: Tox, Toxorhynchites. Lyn, Lynchiella. Och, Ochlerotatus. Fin, Finlaya. Ae, Aedimorphus. Ste, Stegomyia. Lei, Leicesteria. Arm, Armigeres. Nys, Nyssorhynchus. Ano, Anopheles. Ker, Kertezia. Cha, Chagasia. Cel, Cellia. Bi, Bironella. Aed, Aedeomyia. Ura, Uranothenia. Eu, Eumelanomyia. Cu, Culex. Culi, Culiciomyia. Man, Mansonia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 73
5. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex 5.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex using COI nucleotide sequences Thirteen COI nucleotide sequences of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex were studied for the relationships among species. Nucleotide sequences of L. migratoria, B. dorsalis and An. gambiae were used as outgroup species in this study. Culex mosquitoes were from three subgenera: Culex, Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia. Among 13 Culex mosquito COI sequences, 12 sequences [Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. sitiens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3whitmorei, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. brevipalpis , Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp., Cx เมื่อnigropunctatus 09/10/2564 and Cx. pallidothorax 02:27:14] were obtained from directly sequencing from PCR products of individual mosquitoes and one sequence of Cx. tarsalis was obtained from the GenBank database. All nucleotide sequences were aligned together in equal length of COI sequences (642 bp). All sequences alignment for this nucleotide analysis of Culex mosquitoes was shown in Appendix E. Along 642 bp COI sequences, 359 nucleotides (55.92%) were constant sites which contained the same nucleotide in all sixteen mosquito COI sequences, while 283 nucleotides (44.08%) were variable sites and 175 nucleotides (27.02%) were informative sites for maximum parsimony analysis. The number of sites in each codon [first (nt1), second (nt2) and third codon (nt3)] along COI sequences were shown in Table. 12. 642 bp of COI sequences were divided into 214 bp of each codon. The position of nt3 was the most variable sites whereas nt2 (13.07%) was the least variable when compared to nt1 (26.15%) and nt3 (60.78%) positions. The informative sites in each codon were the same as variable sites ranging from nt3 (69.72%) which have the most informative sites, to nt1 (21.71%) and nt2 (8.57%), respectively.
Table 12. Comparison of the number of sites for COI sequences of Culex mosquitoes. nt1 nt2 nt3 Total Total 214 214 214 642 Variable sites 74 (26.15%) 37 (13.07%) 172 (60.78%) 283 Informative sites 38 (21.71%) 15 (8.57%) 122 (69.72%) 175 Tada Juthayothin Results / 74
The nucleotide proportion of 642 bp of COI sequences of Culex mosquitoes was calculated and was shown in Table 13. The results showed high proportion of base A and T in Culex mosquitoes which was similar to that of other insects that had previously been reported. Within Culex mosquitoes, the proportions of base A ranging from 0.2897 to 0.3115 and base T ranging from 0.4004 to 0.4268. A total number of base A and T of Culex mosquitoes was about 70% identical to that found in L. migratoria but was less identical to B. dorsalis which was about 66%. But the base proportion of Culex mosquitoes was different from that of L. migratoria which had the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3proportion of bases A and T 0.3723 and 0.3364, respectively เมื่อTable 13.09/10/2564 Proportion of each nucleotide 02:27:14 of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. ACGT Outgroup insects L. migratoria 0.3723 0.1620 0.1293 0.3364 B. dorsalis 0.3068 0.2009 0.1386 0.3537 An. gambiae 0.2991 0.1776 0.1340 0.3893 Mosquito in the Genus Culex Cx. bitaeniorhynchus 0.3115 0.1604 0.1262 0.4019 Cx. quinquefasciatus 0.2960 0.1495 0.1277 0.4268 Cx. sitiens 0.2991 0.1636 0.1230 0.4143 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 0.3006 0.1573 0.1246 0.4175 Cx. gelidus 0.3037 0.1651 0.1277 0.4035 Cx. vishnui 0.3037 0.1713 0.1246 0.4004 Cx. whitmorei 0.3037 0.1636 0.1293 0.4034 Cx. fuscocephala 0.2944 0.1682 0.1324 0.4050 Cx. tarsalis 0.3084 0.1526 0.1277 0.4113 Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. 0.2897 0.1573 0.1277 0.4253 Cx. brevipalpis 0.2975 0.1651 0.1153 0.4221 Cx. nigropunctatus 0.2928 0.1589 0.1262 0.4221 Cx. pallidothorax 0.2913 0.1667 0.1277 0.4143 Mean 0.2994 0.1615 0.1262 0.4129 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 75 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 a.o rd tde,MhdlUi. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 75 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Table 14. Percent identity of sequences distance comparison of mosquito in the Genus Culex. Percent identity 123456789101112131415 1. L. migratoria--- 74.3 76.2 75.9 74.3 74.6 75.1 76.6 74.5 75.5 76.6 74.8 75.2 75.9 74.6 2. An. gambiae --- 86.1 86.3 85.5 86.4 85.5 86.8 85.2 85.7 86.0 83.5 84.4 85.8 84.7 3. Cx. bitaeniorhynchus --- 94.5 91.9 92.5 91.9 92.8 92.8 92.2 94.1 89.7 88.3 95.0 94.9 4. Cx. quinquefasciatus --- 93.5 94.1 92.8 94.5 93.8 93.0 94.4 90.8 88.5 93.8 93.5 5. Cx. sitiens --- 98.4 92.5 92.5 93.1 92.1 93.1 88.9 88.8 91.3 91.4 6. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus --- 92.8 93.3 93.8 92.5 93.9 89.7 89.1 92.1 92.4 7. Cx. gelidus --- 91.4 92.1 90.3 92.5 89.3 88.0 91.3 91.7 8. Cx. vishnui --- 93.9 92.7 93.1 89.4 87.5 93.3 92.7 9. Cx. whitmorei --- 92.4 92.7 88.6 87.2 92.4 91.3 10.Cx. fuscocephala --- 91.6 87.9 88.2 91.6 90.8 11.Cx. tarsalis --- 91.0 88.6 93.0 92.2 12.Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. --- 86.1 90.3 89.7 13.Cx. brevipalpis --- 88.2 88.3 14.Cx. nigropunctatus --- 95.3 15.Cx. pallidothorax --- Tada Juthayothin Results / 76
Pairwise sequence distances of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex were shown in Table 14. Average sequence distances of all 13 Culex mosquitoes when compare to outgroup L. migratoria and An. gambiae were 75.36% and 85.53%, respectively. Sequence distances among Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex ranged from 90.3% (Cx. gelidus and Cx. fuscocephala), which revealed the most distantly related species, to 98.4% (Cx. sitiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus), which showed the most closely related species, and average sequence distances within the Subgenus Culex were 93.04%. Sequence distances between mosquitoes in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia [Cx. brevipalpis and Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp.] were 86.1% and within the Subgenus 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Culiciomyia (Cx. nigropunctatus and Cx. pallidothorax ) were 95.3%. เมื่อ 09/10/2564Among the three subgenera 02:27:14 of Culex mosquitoes, Culex, Culiciomyia, and Eumelanomyia, the pairwise distances were calculated and were shown in Table 15. All subgenera of Culex mosquitoes have similar sequence distances when compared to the outgroup insect which had percent identity around 80%. The similarity of sequences between the Subgenus Culex and the Subgenus Eumelanomyia was 88.86% and between the Subgenus Culex and the Subgenus Culiciomyia was 92.48% whereas that of the Subgenus Eumelanomyia and the Subgenus Culiciomyia was 89.12%. The results of sequence distances between subgenera of Culex mosquitoes revealed that the Subgenus Culex and the Subgenus Culiciomyia was the most closely related group when compared to the Subgenus Eumelanomyia because there were the least different in nucleotide sequences (Figure 23).
Table 15. Sequence distances among the Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes when compared to outgroup insects. Percent identity 1234 1. Outgroup insects --- 80.71 79.48 80.25 2. Culex ------88.86 92.48 3. Eumelanomyia ------89.12 4. Culiciomyia ------10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 77 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 a.o rd tde,MhdlUi. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 77 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Table 16. Transition/transversion ratio (above diagonal) and number of transition/transversion substitution (below diagonal) comparison of mosquito in the Genus Culex. 123456789101112131415 1. --- 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.47 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.44 0.42 0.46 0.45 0.47 2. 51/114 --- 0.68 0.63 0.75 0.71 0.82 0.67 0.76 0.70 0.55 0.66 0.64 0.60 0.78 3. 48/105 36/53 --- 0.67 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.92 0.84 1.00 0.65 0.61 0.70 0.45 0.83 4. 49/106 34/54 14/21 --- 0.83 0.81 0.84 1.33 1.00 1.25 0.50 0.64 0.64 0.48 0.83 5. 50/115 40/53 24/28 19/23 --- 4.00 1.00 1.67 1.32 1.04 0.63 0.82 0.64 0.75 1.12 6. 48/115 36/51 22/26 17/21 8/2 --- 0.92 1.39 1.35 1.09 0.44 0.69 0.67 0.59 1.04 7. 51/109 42/51 24/28 21/25 24/24 22/24 --- 1.50 1.04 1.14 0.55 0.86 0.75 0.87 1.04 8. 43/107 34/51 22/24 20/15 30/18 25/18 33/22 --- 1.05 1.24 0.91 0.84 0.67 0.65 1.35 9. 50/114 41/54 21/25 20/20 25/19 23/17 26/25 20/19 --- 1.23 0.68 0.66 0.55 0.48 0.81 10. 51/106 38/54 25/25 25/20 26/25 25/23 33/29 26/21 27/22 --- 0.93 0.86 0.77 0.64 0.90 11. 46/104 32/58 15/23 12/24 17/27 12/27 17/31 21/23 19/28 26/28 --- 0.53 0.49 0.55 0.72 12. 48/114 42/64 25/41 23/36 32/39 27/39 32/37 31/37 29/44 36/42 20/38 --- 0.68 0.59 1.00 13. 50/109 39/61 31/44 29/45 28/44 28/42 33/44 32/48 29/53 33/43 24/49 36/53 --- 0.52 0.79 14. 48/107 34/57 10/22 13/27 24/32 19/32 26/30 17/26 16/33 21/33 16/29 23/39 26/50 --- 0.67 15. 52/111 43/55 15/18 19/23 29/26 25/24 27/26 27/20 25/31 28/31 21/29 33/33 33/42 12/18 ---
Number 1-15 representative of (1) L. migratoria, (2) An. gambiae, (3) Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, (4) Cx. quinquefasciatus, (5) Cx. sitiens, (6) Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, (7) Cx. gelidus, (8) Cx. vishnui, (9) Cx. whitmorei, (10) Cx. fuscocephala, (11) Cx. tarsalis, (12) Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp., (13) Cx. brevipalpis, (14) Cx. nigropunctatus and (15) Cx. pallidothorax, respectively. Tada Juthayothin Results / 78
Culex
92.48% 88.86 %
Percent identity
Culiciomyia Eumelanomyia 10.14457/MU.the.2004.389.12% เมื่อFigure 09/10/256423. Percent identity of seque 02:27:14nce distances compared between subgenera of Culex mosquitoes.
Pairwise transition/transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio in Table 16 showed nucleotide substitutions between mosquitoes within the Genus Culex when compared to outgroup insects, L. migratoria and An. gambiae. Comparison of nucleotide substitution between Culex mosquitoes and both outgroup insects showed that transversion had occurred more than transition. The ratio of Ti/Tv of Culex mosquitoes when compared to outgroup L. migratoria ranged from 0.40 to 0.48, whereas Ti/Tv ratio between Culex mosquitoes when compared to outgroup An. gambiae was around 0.55 to 0.82. Within the Subgenus Culex of Culex mosquitoes, there were nine Culex mosquitoes in this subgenus and variation in Ti/Tv ratio occurred ranging from 0.44 (Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. tarsalis, Ti/Tv = 12/27) to 4.00 (Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. sitiens, Ti/Tv = 8/2). Culex. tarsalis was the only species in the Subgenus Culex that had transversion more than transition when compared to Culex mosquitoes in the same subgenus. The rest of species in the Subgenus Culex have both greater in transition and greater in transversion when compared to other members in the same subgenus. There were equal rates of Ti/Tv substitution in Cx. sitiens and Cx. gelidus (Ti/Tv = 24/24), Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. whitmorei (Ti/Tv = 20/20), Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Cx. fuscocephala (Ti/Tv = 25/25), in which the Ti/Tv ratio was equal to 1. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 79
Within the Subgenus Eumelanomyia of Culex mosquitoes, there were two species of mosquitoes, Cx. brevipalpis and Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. Nucleotide substitution of Cx. brevipalpis was greater in tranversion than transition when compared to all Culex mosquitoes in three subgenera. Culex. (Eumelanomyia) sp. was nearly the same as their members in this subgenus in which transversion occurred more than transition but there was an exception in the pair of Cx. pallidothorax and Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp in which the Ti/Tv (33/33) ratio was equal to 1. Within the Subgenus Culiciomyia, Cx. nigropunctatus and Cx. pallidothorax were members in this subgenus. Transversion occur greater than transition in Cx. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3nigropunctatus when compared to other Culex in three subgenera. There is the เมื่อvariation 09/10/2564 in substitution in Cx. pallidothorax02:27:14 that both transition and transversion occur greater when compare to other Culex mosquitoes but in case of greater in transition, the number of Ti/Tv ratio is nearly equal to 1. The averages Ti/Tv ratio of Culex mosquitoes in three subgenera was calculated and Ti/Tv ratio is 0.89, which is seem to be that transversion occur greater than transition when all thirteen Culex mosquitoes was compared the ratio to each other. 5.1.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex was done by using L. migratoria, B. dorsalis and An. gambiae (mosquitoes in the Subfamily Anophelinae, Genus Anopheles) as outgroup taxa to find the relationships among Culex mosquitoes. Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection. Of 642 bp of COI nucleotide sequences, 283 position (44.08%) of nucleotides were variable sites and 175 (27.02%) of these variable sites were informative sites for parsimony analysis. For parsimony analysis, all characters were set to equal weight and no gap was found along the COI sequences. MP analysis produce two most parsimonious trees with tree length equal to 615 steps [consistency index (CI) = 0.572, retention index (RI) = 0.427, and rescale consistency index (RC) = 0.244]. The representatives of these two most parsimonious trees were shown in Figure 24. From equal weight MP tree, the outgroup species, An gambiae which was a mosquito in the Subfamily Anophelinae, was separated from Culex mosquito group Tada Juthayothin Results / 80
with very high bootstrap support. In the group of Culex mosquitoes, the species in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia, Cx. brevipalpis, branched off first with highly bootstrap support, then followed by Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. which branched off next with moderate confident level. Subgenus Culex of Culex mosquitoes was placed next to the Subgenus Eumelanomyia group on the tree. Cx. gelidus was the basal taxa of the Subgenus Culex followed by Cx. tarsalis. Both species were sister taxa of the clades of Cx. sitiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, which had strongly support for the group. Next to this group, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. vishnui and Cx. quinquefasciatus were clustered together but had no bootstrap support. At the top of tree, Culex mosquitoes in the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Subgenus Culiciomyia, Cx. nigropunctatus and Cx. pallidothorax were grouped เมื่อtogether 09/10/2564 with moderate bootstrap value02:27:14 support and Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Cx. fuscocephala, were sister taxa to this group but there were bootstrap support only for Cx. bitaeniorhynchus. A Stricted consensus tree of the two most parsimonious trees was shown in Figure 25, which combined the two trees into single most parsimonious tree. There were the differences between two equal weight MP trees in the position of Cx. quinquefasciatus, which was polytomy to the group of Cx. vishnui, Cx. whitmorei and/or group of the Subgenus Culiciomyia. These results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus could be placed together with Cx. vishnui, Cx. whitmorei group and/or within the Subgenus Culiciomyia group. After parsimonious tree was investigated with equal weight for all characters, the method that give different weight to the characters reweighted character according to rescaled consistency index (RC) that was applied to COI nucleotide sequences. By reweighted character option, single most parsimonious tree was produced (Figure 26) with tree length equal to 218.35714 steps. The results from reweighting the characters of 642 COI nucleotide sequences, 504 nucleotides were gave character weight equal to 1 and 138 nucleotides were gave character weight not equal to 1. After character weight of nucleotide has changed to unequal weight, the resolution of the tree was better than equal weight and unresolved branches in equal weight MP tree has been resolved resulting in higher bootstrap value support. From reweighted MP tree, an outgroup An. gambiae mosquito was separated from Culex group with high support. Likely to equal weight MP tree, in which mosquitoes in the Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 81
Subgenus Eumelanomyia, Cx. brevipalpis and Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp., branched off first and were sister taxa at the basal of the tree with high confident level of support. The difference from equal weight tree in which the Subgenus Culiciomyia was placed at the top of the tree, reweighted the character changed the position of this subgenus to branched off next to the Subgenus Eumelanomyia, Cx. nigropunctatus and Cx. pallidothorax with moderate support and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus of the Subgenus Culex was a sister taxon of this Culiciomyia group with high support. The position of mosquito species in the Subgenus Culex after reweighting the character had changed from an equal MP tree. Culex. gelidus branched off first followed by Cx. tarsalis and 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. These three sister taxa were supported with เมื่อmedium 09/10/2564 confident level. At the top 02:27:14 of tree, there were two paraphyletic groups, Cx. vishnui, Cx. fuscocephala group and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. sitiens, Cx. whitmorei group which had low probability of bootstrap support. Culex. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. sitiens grouped together with high support and Cx. whitmorei was a sister taxon. 5.1.2 Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis, The ML tree (-lnL = 3556.9524) was inferred using a general time reversible (GTR) model with different rates of substitution for each substitution class (A↔C = 2.8316, A↔G = 9.7987, A↔T = 13.1342, C↔G = 6.3595, C↔T = 19.9455 and G↔T = 1), among site rate variation accommodated by assuming a proportion of sites to be invariable (I) but this value does not involve in this ML analysis (p-value = 0.163304), and rates at the remaining sites (p-value < 0.000001) assumed to follow a gamma distribution (G = 0.3460), [GTR + G]. The proportion of each nucleotide from these ML analysis was A= 0.323719, C= 0.172269, G= 0.128094 and T= 0.395917. Hypothesis test of rate of Ti = Tv was rejected with p-value = 0.000000, Both hypothesis of equal in Ti rate and equal in Tv rate was also rejected with p-value = 0.000416 and p-value < 0.000001, respectively. The single ML tree was presented in Figure 27. From the ML tree, an outgroup An. gambiae, was excluded from Culex group with high confident level. Within Culex mosquito clade, mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex, Cx. fuscocephala branched off first at the base of the tree and then followed by Cx. vishnui and Cx. whitmorei, respectively. These three branched off taxa were not supported by bootstrap values. Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culiciomyia branched off next with low bootstrap support and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus was a sister Tada Juthayothin Results / 82
taxon of the Subgenus Culiciomyia with low probability support. Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia did not group together but rather was a sister taxon of the Subgenus Culex group. Culex. sitiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus grouped together with high support and Cx. brevipalpis (Subgenus Eumelanomyia), Cx. gelidus, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively were sister taxa of this group with no bootstrap value support. 5.1.3 Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis, a general time reversible (GTR) model was used to produced single NJ tree and the tree was presented in Figure 28. The outgroup An. gambiae was excluded from Culex mosquitoes monophyletic group 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3with high support. Culex. brevipalpis (Subgenus Eumelanomyia) branched off first เมื่อwith no 09/10/2564 bootstrap support, then followed 02:27:14 by branching off of moderately supported Cx. gelidus. Branched off next was the group of Cx. tarsalis and Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. but there was no support for this group. The subgenus Culiciomyia branched off next, Cx. nigropunctatus was clustered with Cx. pallidothorax with moderate bootstrap support for their monophyly and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus was a sister taxon of this group with high support. Subgenus Culex was placed at the top of the tree, there were two paraphyletic groups occurred. Culex. sitiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were clustered with high bootstrap support and were paraphyletic to the group of Cx. vishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. fuscocephala which had no support for the cluster. Culex. quinquefasciatus was the sister taxa to this paraphyletic group but there was not support in this position. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 83
Cu
Culi 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Eu
Figure 24. One of two most parsimonious trees based on COI nucleotide sequences of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia. Tada Juthayothin Results / 84
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 25. Stricted consensus tree of two most parsimonious trees when given equal weight to all characters of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria, Bactrocera dorsalis and Anopheles gambiae are used as outgroup species. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 85
Cu 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Culi เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Eu
Figure 26. Single most parsimonious tree of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex produced by reweighted parsimony (rescaled consistency index). Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia. Tada Juthayothin Results / 86
Cu
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Culi เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cu
Cu
Eu
Cu
Eu
Cu
Figure 27. Phylogeny inferred from a maximum-likelihood analysis (GTR + G) based on COI nucleotide sequences of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 87
Cu
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Culi เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Eu
Cu
Eu
Figure 28. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI nucleotide sequences with GTR model of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia. Tada Juthayothin Results / 88
5.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex using COI amino acid sequences To study the relationships of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex, 642 bp of nucleotide sequences of the mosquito COI gene were translated to amino acid sequences and was aligned by using MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene) resulting in 214 amino acid residues alignment (Appendix F). Of 214 amino acid residues, maximum parsimony analysis indicated that 138 amino acid (64.49%) were constant sites with the same amino acids in each position for all insects and they were not used for the analysis. The variable sites of amino acid 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3were 76 residues (35.51%), in which 30 amino acids (14.02%) were informative sites เมื่อfor phylogenetic 09/10/2564 analysis. 02:27:14 5.2.1 Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of amino acid sequences of mosquitoes in the Genus Culex was done using L. migratoria, B. dorsalis, and An. gambiae as the outgroup taxa. Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection. Maximum parsimony analysis with equal weight characters finally produce 7,797 most parsimonious trees with tree length equal to 125 steps [consistency index (CI) = 0.840, retention index (RI) = 0.643 and rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.540]. The representative of 7,797 most parsimonious trees had shown in Figure 29. From equal weight MP tree of Culex mosquito amino acid, outgroup An. gambiae was separated from Culex mosquito clade with strongly support. Mosquitoes in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia did not cluster together, Cx. brevipalpis (Subgenus Eumelanomyia) branched off first with low bootstrap support and then followed by a group of mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex, Cx. gelidus and Cx. whitmorei, which grouped together with low bootstrap support. Following next by a cluster of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. sitiens and Cx. vishnui but no bootstrap support for this cluster. Mosquitoes in thr Subgenus Culiciomyia, Cx. nigropunctatus and Cx. pallidothorax, were clustered at the top of tree but no bootstrap support. Mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex were the sister taxa of the Subgenus Culiciomyia with no support for all taxa, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp., Cx. fuscocephala, respectively. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 89
Stricted consensus of equal weight 7,797 most parsimonious tree was shown in Figure 30. Outgroup An. gambiae did not clustered in the clade of Culex mosquitoes with high confident level. Culex. brevipalpis (Subgenus Eumelanomyia) was only taxa that clearly separated at the base of the Culex monophyly with moderate bootstrap support. Following next by a group of mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex, Cx. sitiens, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. vishnui, which were placed in form of polytomy. Exactly relationships of these species on the tree were not known. There were two paraphyletic groups of the Subgenus Culex which was consisted of a cluster of the Subgenus Culiciomyia, Culex and Eumelanomyia mosquitoes, Cx. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3pallidothorax, Cx. nigropunctatus, Cx. (Eumelanomyia ) sp., Cx. tarsalis, Cx. เมื่อbitaeniorhynchus 09/10/2564, Cx. quinquefasciatus 02:27:14; and another paraphyletic group consisted of low bootstrap support of Cx. gelidus and Cx. whitmorei. The methods that gave different weight to amino acid residue or reweight characters give 3,164 most parsimonious trees. Stricted consensus of this reweight character tree which produced into single most parsimonious tree shown in Figure 31. From consensus tree of reweight characters showed nearly the same tree as equal weight consensus tree and has higher bootstrap support but there were different in the cluster of Cx. whitmorei and Cx. gelidus which collapsed to polytomy form. 5.2.2 Neighbor-joining analysis of amino acid of Culex mosquitoes produced a single NJ tree. Results from NJ analysis gave a better resolution than amino acid MP analysis. Outgroup An. gambiae absolutely exclude from Culex clade with high support. Mosquitoes in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia was placed at the base of the tree with high support, Cx. brevipalpis branched off first followed by Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. Following next by two paraphyletic groups with low bootstrap support between mosquitoes in the Subgenera Culex and Culiciomyia. For cluster of the Subgenus Culiciomyia, Cx. nigropunctatus (Subgenus Culiciomyia) and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (Subgenus Culex) were clustered together and Cx. pallidothorax (Subgenus Culiciomyia) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (Subgenus Culex) were the sister taxa. In cluster of the Subgenus Culex, Cx. tarsalis was placed at the base followed by Cx. fuscocephala. Following next by two paraphyletic groups in this cluster, Cx. gelidus and Cx. whitmorei grouped with low support and another group consisted of Tada Juthayothin Results / 90
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus cluster with Cx. vishnui with low support and Cx. sitiens was a sister taxon.
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 91
Cu
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Culi
เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cu
Eu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Eu
Figure 29. One of 7,797 most parsimonious trees based on COI amino acid sequences of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia. Tada Juthayothin Results / 92
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 30. Stricted consensus tree of 7,797 most parsimonious trees when given equal weight to all amino acid residues of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria, Bactrocera dorsalis and Anopheles gambiae are used as outgroup species. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 93
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Figure 31. Stricted consensus tree of 3,164 most parsimonious trees when given different weight to each amino acid residue (reweight the characters with rescaled consistency index) of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Locusta migratoria, Bactrocera dorsalis and Anopheles gambiae are used as outgroup species. Tada Juthayothin Results / 94
Cu
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Culi เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Eu
Figure 32. Neighbor-joining tree based on COI amino acid sequences with GTR model of thirteen mosquitoes in the Genus Culex. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Subgenera of Culex mosquitoes are given at the right: Cu ( ), Culex. Culi ( ), Culiciomyia. and Eu ( ), Eumelanomyia. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 95
6. Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses Twenty-six flaviviruses used in phylogenetic analysis consisted of 24 mosquito-borne flaviviruses and 2 outgroup species [cell fusing agent (CFA) and tick- borne encephalitis virus (TBE)]. The relationships among mosquito-borne flaviviruses were studied by using structural protein envelope gene (E), nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) and nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) of flaviviruses. All sequences are aligns first in amino acid sequences and then translated to nucleotide sequences by Clustal algorithm by MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene) because there were insertion/deletion present in the sequences. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3by using PAUP 4.0 b1 (82). Model of nucleotide substitution by neighbor-joining เมื่อmethod 09/10/2564 was investigated using MODELTEST 02:27:14 2.0 (85). The length of nucleotide and amino acid sequences for flavivirus analysis was shown in Table 17 and it showed great variation in length between species.
Table 17. The length of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of E, NS3 and NS5 genes of flaviviruses. E gene NS3 gene NS5 gene Nt Aa Nt Aa Nt Aa Den 1 -280par00 1485 495 1857 619 2697 899 -293arg00 1485 495 1857 619 2697 899 -S275/90 1485 495 1857 619 2697 899 Den 2 -N 1409 1485 495 1854 618 2700 900 -TSV01 1485 495 1854 618 2700 900 -New Guinea C 1485 495 1854 618 2700 900 Den 3 -80/2 Guangxi 1479 483 1857 619 2700 900 -Mart 1243 1479 483 1857 619 2700 900 -Sri 1266 1479 483 1857 619 2700 900 Den 4 -Den4 1485 495 1854 618 2700 900 -814669 1485 495 1854 618 2700 900 -Guangzhou B5 1485 495 1854 618 2700 900 JE -Beijing 1 1500 500 1857 619 2715 905 Tada Juthayothin Results / 96
Table 17. The length of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of E, NS3 and NS5 genes of flaviviruses (Continued). E gene NS3 gene NS5 gene Nt Aa Nt Aa Nt Aa -Ling 1500 500 1857 619 2715 905 -Vellore p20778 1500 500 1857 619 2715 905 -JaOArs 982 1500 500 1857 619 2715 905 -K94P05 1500 500 1857 619 2715 905 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3WN -2741 1503 501 1857 619 2715 905 -NY99 eqhs 1503 501 1857 619 2715 905 เมื่อ 09/10/2564-China 01 02:27:14 1503 501 1857 619 2715 905 YF -85/82H 1476 492 1863 621 2715 905 -79A/788379 1476 492 1863 621 2715 905 MVE 1503 501 1857 619 2715 905 Kunjin 1503 501 1857 619 2715 905 TBE 1488 496 1863 621 2709 903 CFA 1290 430 1761 587 2664 888 *** Den: dengue virus, JE: Japanese encephalitis virus, WN: West Nile virus, YF: yellow fever virus, MVE: Murray valley encephalitis virus, TBE: tick-borne encephalitis virus, CFA: cell fusing agent virus, Nt: nucleotide and Aa: amino acid, E: structural envelope protein gene, NS3: nonstructural protein 3 gene, NS5: nonstructural protein 5 gene.
6.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS3 sequences 6.1.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS3 nucleotide sequences Twenty-four NS3 nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses and 2 outgroup viruses (TBE and CFA) were aligned together. Results showed many sites of insertion/deletion substitution along NS3 gene. During the phylogenetic analysis, the gaps were treated as missing character and the sequence alignment of NS3 flaviviruses had shown in Appendix I. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 97
For the maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of NS3 nucleotide, heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection and 1,914 characters were analyzed with equal character weight (Weight = 1). From all characters, 405 (21.16%) were constant sites and 1,250 (65.31%) were parsimony informative sites. Base frequency for the NS3 gene were A = 30.58%, C = 21.53%, G = 27.85% and T = 20.04. MP analysis produce two most parsimonious tree [length = 5440 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.531, retention index (RI) = 0.747 and rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.396]. The different between the two trees occur in the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3position of the outgroup TBE that grouped with YF cluster but there was no support เมื่อfor the 09/10/2564TBE cluster. The representative 02:27:14 of these trees was shown in Figure 33. For the MP tree, two isolates of YF group, YF - 85/82H and YF - 79A/788379 were clustered together with high supported at the base of tree and the outgroup TBE was a sister species to this clade but there was no support for TBE grouping. Next to the TF clade, there was strong support for the separation of mosquito-borne flaviviruses into two clusters consisting of Dengue cluster and JE cluster. In the Dengue clade, there was high support for the monophyly of Den1, 2, 3 and 4 cluster. In the Den 1 group, Den 1 - 280par00 and Den 1 - 293arg00 were clustered together with Den 1 - S275/90 as a sister species. In the Den 3 group, Den 3 - Mart 1243 and Den 3 - Sri 1266 were clustered together with Den 3 - 80/2 Guangxi as a sister species. In the Den 2 group, Den 2 - N 1409 and Den 2 - New Guinea C were clustered together with Den 2 – TSV01 as a sister taxon. In the Den 4 group, Den 4 and Den 4 – 814669 were clustered together with Den 4 – Guangzhou B5 as a sister species. Within Dengue cluster, Den 4 group branches off first with high support and followed next by Den 2 group which was supported by low bootstrap value whereas Den 1 group and Den 3 group clustered together but did not have support for the grouping. In the JE clade, it composed of two different groups with high bootstrap support of monophyly, JE group and WN group. In the JE group, JE - Beijing 1 and JE - Ling were clustered together with high support and followed by JE - JaOArs 982 as a sister species but there was moderate support, and then JE - Vellore p20779 and JE - K94P05 were sister species again with high bootstrap support, respectively. For the JE group, MVE was the basal species with high support. Another group was WN group Tada Juthayothin Results / 98
that composed of the group of WN, which high bootstrap support for WN - 2471 and WN - NY99 eqhs were clustered together with strong support of WN - China 01 as a sister species. Kunjin - MRM61C was the basal taxon of this WN group with high bootstrap support. For the neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of NS3 nucleotide, a single NJ tree was produced by using a GTR model and this NJ tree was presented in Figure 34. The results from NJ tree were almost similar to the MP tree in term of tree topology but it had better bootstrap support, which the branches that did not support in MP tree were support with low bootstrap value. YF group was clustered with the TBE 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3outgroup with low support at the base of the tree. Following next by high support of เมื่อmonophyly 09/10/2564 of Dengue and JE groups. 02:27:14 Dengue cluster composed of Den 4 branched off first followed by Den 2 which Den 1 and Den 3 clustered together. All Den1, 2, 3 and 4 groups were strongly supported for its monophyly. JE cluster divided into the JE group and the WN group with high bootstrap support. Kunjin – MRM61C was placed at the base of the WN group with high bootstrap support, whereas MVE clustered at the base of the JE group with high bootstrap support. All flaviviruses position in the NJ tree was the same as the MP tree. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 99
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Aedes
Figure 33. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on NS3 nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Tada Juthayothin Results / 100
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Aedes
Figure 34. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS3 nucleotide sequences with GTR model of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 101
6.1.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS3 amino acid sequences All NS3 nucleotide sequences of flaviviruses were translated to amino acid sequences and were aligned by using MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene) resulting in 638 amino acid residues alignment (Appendix J). Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of 638 NS3 amino acid residues indicated that 138 amino acid (21.63%) were constant sites with the same amino acid in each position for all insects and so these were not used for the analysis whereas 393 amino acid (61.60%) were parsimony informative sites for phylogenetic analysis. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of เมื่อrandom 09/10/2564 addition sequence using 1002:27:14 replications with tree bisection-reconnection. MP analysis produced two most parsimonious tree [length = 1537 steps, CI = 0.849, RI = 0.915 and RC = 0.777]. The difference between the two trees was similar to NS3 nucleotide analysis that occurred in the position of TBE, which clustered with the YF group but there was no bootstrap support for the TBE grouping. The representative of these trees was shown in Figure 35. Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of NS3 amino acid using mean character difference of standard distance option produced a single NJ tree (Figure 36). The results from both MP and NJ trees were similar in tree topology but NJ tree had a better bootstrap support when compared to the MP tree. From both MP and NJ trees, both outgroup CFA and TBE were placed at the base of the tree. YF group branched off first with high bootstrap support. Then the cluster was divided into two clusters, Dengue and JE clusters, and both clusters were supported with high bootstrap value. In the Dengue cluster, there was a strong support for each Den1, 2, 3 and 4 monophyly, in which Den 4 branched off first then followed by Den 2 and the clusters of Den 1 and Den 3, respectively. In the Den 1 group, Den 1 – 280par00 was clustered with Den 1 293arg00 and Den 1 – S275/90 was a sister taxon. In the Den 3 group, Den 3 – Mart 1243 and Den 3 – Sri 1266 were clustered together and Den 3 – 80/2 Guangxi was a sister taxon. In the Den 2 group, there was the difference between the MP and the NJ trees. From the MP trees, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – TSV01 were clustered together with moderate support and Den 2 – N 1409 was a sister taxon, whereas the NJ tree, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – N 1409 were clustered together and was not supported by bootatrap value. In Tada Juthayothin Results / 102
the Den 4 group, Den 4 was clustered with Den 4 – 814669 and Den 4 – Guangzhou B5 was a sister taxon. For the JE cluster, there were two different groups, the JE group and the WN group. There was a strong bootstrap support for JE monophyly and it composed of MVE placed at the base of the group with strong support and then followed by the JE group. In the JE group consisted of JE – Beijing 1 which was clustered with JE – Ling with moderate support and JE – JaOArs 982 was a sister taxon with moderate support, then followed by JE – Vellore p20778 and JE – K94P05 with high bootstrap support, respectively. The WN monophyly composed of Kunjin – MRM61C placed at the base with high support and followed by a group of the WN, in 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3which WN – 2741 and WN – NY99 eqhs were clustered together with WN – China 01 เมื่อas a sister 09/10/2564 taxon. 02:27:14 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 103
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 35. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on NS3 amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Tada Juthayothin Results / 104
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 36. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS3 amino acid sequences of mosquito- borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 105
6.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS5 sequences 6.2.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS5 nucleotide sequences Twenty-four NS5 nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses and 2 outgroup viruses (TBE and CFA) were aligned together. Results showed many sites of insertion/deletion substitution along NS5 gene. During the phylogenetic analysis, the gaps were treated as missing character and the sequence alignment of NS5 flaviviruses has shown in Appendix G. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3For maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of NS5 nucleotide, heuristic เมื่อsearching 09/10/2564 with stepwise addition and02:27:14 branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection and 2,763 characters were analyzed with equal character weight (Weight = 1). From all characters, 755 (27.32%) were constant sites and 1,721 (62.29%) were parsimony informative sites. Base frequency for NS5 gene were A = 31.21%, C = 20.60%, G = 28.40% and T = 19.79. MP analysis produced a single most parsimonious tree [length = 7403 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.514, retention index (RI) = 0.741 and rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.381]. A single MP tree was shown in Figure 37. For the neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of NS5 nucleotide, a single NJ tree was produced by using a GTR + I + G model [proportion of invariable sites (I) = 0.1821 and gamma distribution (G) = 0.7872] and this NJ tree was presented in Figure 38. Both MP and NJ trees showed the same tree topology. The CFA and TBE outgroups branched off first at the base of the tree, then followed by the YF group with high bootstrap support. Following next by two paraphyletic groups of Dengue and JE. For the Dengue group, each Den 1, 2, 3 and 4 were strongly supported for their monophyly, in which Den 1 and Den 3 were clustered together with low support and followed by Den 2 and Den 4 as the sister groups, respectively. In the Den 1 group, Den 1 – 280par00 was clustered with Den 1 293arg00 with Den 1 – S275/90 as a sister taxon. In the Den 3 group, Den 3 – Mart 1243 and Den 3 – Sri 1266 were clustered together and Den 3 – 80/2 Guangxi was a sister taxon. In the Den 2 group, there was the difference between the MP and the NJ trees. From the MP tree, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – TSV01 were clustered together with low bootstrap support Tada Juthayothin Results / 106
and Den 2 – N 1409 was a sister taxon, whereas in the NJ tree, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – N 1409 were clustered together with low bootstrap support. In the Den 4 group, Den 4 clustered with Den 4 – 814669 with Den 4 – Guangzhou B5 as a sister taxon. The JE cluster can be divided into two paraphylytic groups, the JE group and the WN group. There were the differences between the MP and the NJ trees of the JE cluster in the position of MVE that clustered with JE group with low support whereas the NJ tree showed no bootstrap support to this group. For the JE group, JE – Beijing 1 clustered with JE – Ling with high bootstrap support and unlike the results from NS3 analysis, JE – Vellore p20778 is a sister taxon of this group followed by JE – JaOArs 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3982 and JE – K94P05, respectively. In the WN group, Kunjin – MRM61C were placed เมื่อat the base09/10/2564 of the group with high 02:27:14 bootstrap support and followed by the WN group which WN – 2741 was clustered with WN – NY99 eqhs with high bootstrap support and WN – China 01 was a sister taxon. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 107
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 37. Single most parsimonious trees based on NS5 nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Tada Juthayothin Results / 108
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 38. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS5 nucleotide sequences with GTR + I + G model of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 109
6.2.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using NS5 amino acid sequences All NS5 nucleotide sequences of flaviviruses were translated to amino acid sequences and were aligned by using MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene) resulting in 921 amino acid residue alignment (Appendix H). Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of 921 NS5 amino acid residues indicated that 282 amino acid (30.62%) were constant sites with the same amino acid in each position for all insects and so these were not used for the analysis whereas 486 amino acid (52.77%) were parsimony informative sites for phylogenetic analysis. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of เมื่อrandom 09/10/2564 addition sequence using 1002:27:14 replications with tree bisection-reconnection. MP analysis produce two most parsimonious tree [length = 2,045 steps, CI = 0.815, RI = 0.896 and RC = 0.726]. The difference between the two MP trees occurred in the position of JE-JaOArs 982 and JE-Vellore p20778, which grouped together in the JE cluster. The representative of these trees was shown in Figure 39. Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of NS5 amino acid using mean character difference of standard distance option produced a single NJ tree (Figure 40). Both the MP and the NJ trees showed almost similar tree topology but there were some differences within both trees. CFA and TBE outgroups branched off first and followed by high bootstrap support for YF monophyly. Next to the YF group, two paraphyletic clusters could be divided, the JE cluster and the Dengue cluster and both clusters were supported by high bootstrap value. For the Dengue group, each Den 1, 2, 3 and 4 were strongly supported for their monophyly, in which Den 1 and Den 3 were clustered together with moderate support and followed by Den 2 and Den 4 as sister groups, respectively. In the Den 1 group, Den 1 – 280par00 was clustered with Den 1 293arg00 and Den 1 – S275/90 as the sister taxa. In the Den 3 group, Den 3 – Mart 1243 and Den 3 – Sri 1266 were clustered together with Den 3 – 80/2 Guangxi as a sister taxon. In the Den 2 group, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – N 1409 were clustered together and Den 2 – TSV01 as a sister taxon. In the Den 4 group, Den 4 was clustered with Den 4 – 814669 with Den 4 – Guangzhou B5 as a sister taxon. Within the JE cluster, there were two paraphyletic groups consist of the JE group and the WN group. In the JE group, there was the difference between the MP Tada Juthayothin Results / 110
and the NJ trees in which MVE was clustered in the WN group with low support in the MP tree whereas MVE could be clustered in the JE group with high bootstrap support in the NJ tree. For the JE group, JE – Beijing 1 and JE – Ling were clustered together with moderate support, next to this group there was the difference in the position of JE – JaOArs 982 and JE – Vellore p20778 which could not resolve in MP tree but unlike the NJ tree that JE – JaOArs 982 was a sister taxon to this group followed by JE – Vellore p20778. JE – K94P05 was placed at the base of the JE group. There was a strong bootstrap support for the WN monophyly, Kunjin – MRM61C was placed at the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3base of the WN group whereas WN – 2741 wa s clustered together with WN – NY99 เมื่อeqhs and 09/10/2564 WN – China 01 was a sister 02:27:14 taxon. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 111
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 39. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on NS5 amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Tada Juthayothin Results / 112
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 40. Neighbor-joining tree based on NS5 amino acid sequences of mosquito- borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 113
6.3 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using E sequences 6.3.1 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using E nucleotide sequences Twenty-four E nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses and 2 outgroup viruses (TBE and CFA) were aligned together. Results shown many sites of insertion/deletion substitution along E gene. During the phylogenetic analysis, the gaps were treated as missing character and the sequence alignment of E flaviviruses was shown in Appendix K. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3For the maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of E nucleotide, เมื่อheuristic 09/10/2564 searching with stepwise additi02:27:14on and branch swapping options consisted of random addition sequence using 10 replications with tree bisection-reconnection and 1,566 characters were analyzed with equal character weight (Weight = 1). From all characters, 243 (15.52%) were constant sites and 1,122 (71.65%) were parsimony informative sites. Base frequency for E gene were A = 28.74%, C = 21.37%, G = 27.30% and T = 22.59. MP analysis produce two most parsimonious tree [length = 4741 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.551, retention index (RI) = 0.768 and rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.423]. The representative of these two MP tree was shown in Figure 41. The difference between the two trees occurred in the position of MVE that could be grouped both in the JE cluster and the WN cluster but there was no bootstrap support for this MVE position. For the neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of NS5 nucleotide, a single NJ tree was produced by using a GTR + G model [gamma distribution (G) = 0.6087] and this NJ tree was presented in Figure 42. From the MP tree, the TBE outgroup was placed next to YF group with moderate support which unlike the NJ tree that TBE was placed following by the CFA outgroup. There was the difference in both the MP and the NJ trees in the position of the TBE. Next to this YF group, there were two paraphyletic groups of the JE cluster and the Dengue cluster. The dengue cluster from MP tree consisting of each Den 1, 2, 3 and 4 were strongly supported for their monophyly, in which Den 1 and Den 3 were clustered together with moderate support and then followed by Den 2 and Den 4 as sister groups, respectively. But the NJ tree showed difference in tree topology in which Den 1 and Den 3 were clustered together with high support and Tada Juthayothin Results / 114
were paraphyletic to Den 2 and Den 4, which were clustered together with low bootstrap support. The position of taxa within each Den 1, 2, 3 and 4 group between the MP and the NJ tree was the same. In the Den 1 group, Den 1 – 280par00 was clustered with Den 1 293arg00 and Den 1 – S275/90 was a sister taxon. In the Den 3 group, Den 3 – Mart 1243 and Den 3 – Sri 1266 were clustered together and Den 3 – 80/2 Guangxi was a sister taxon. In the Den 2 group, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – N 1409 were clustered together and Den 2 – TSV01 was a sister taxon. In the Den 4 group, Den 4 was clustered with Den 4 – 814669 and Den 4 – Guangzhou B5 was a sister taxon. The JE cluster could be divided into the JE group and the WN group with 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3high bootstrap support. From the MP tree, MV E did not resolve because it could be เมื่อgrouped 09/10/2564 with both the JE group and 02:27:14 the WN group, which was different from the NJ tree, in that MVE clustered with JE group with moderate support. From the JE group, both the MP and the NJ trees showed JE – Beijing 1 clustered with JE – Ling with high support and follow by JE – Vellore p20778, JE – JaOArs 982 and JE – K94P05 were sister taxa, respectively. For the WN group, Kunjin – MRM61C was placed at the base and WN – 2471 and WN – NY99 eqhs were clustered together with high support and WN – China 01 was a sister taxon. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 115
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Aedes
Figure 41. One of the two most parsimonious trees based on E nucleotide sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Tada Juthayothin Results / 116
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 42. Neighbor-joining tree based on E nucleotide sequences with GTR + G model of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 117
6.3.2 Phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using E amino acid sequences All E nucleotide sequences of flaviviruses were translated to amino acid sequences and were aligned by using MegAlign program (DNAstar, Lasergene) resulting in 522 amino acid residues alignment (Appendix L). Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of 522 E amino acid residues indicated that 60 amino acid (11.49%) were constant sites with the same amino acid in each position for all insects and so these were not used for the analysis where as 372 amino acids (71.26%) were parsimony informative sites for phylogenetic analysis. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Heuristic searching with stepwise addition and branch swapping options consisted of เมื่อrandom 09/10/2564 addition sequence using 1002:27:14 replications with tree bisection-reconnection. MP analysis produce single most parsimonious tree [length = 1,564 steps, CI = 0.847, RI = 0.919 and RC = 0.778]. The single MP tree was shown in Figure 43. Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of E amino acid using mean character difference of standard distance option produced a single NJ tree (Figure 44). From both the MP and the NJ trees, CFA and TBE outgroups branched off first and followed by the YF group. The monophyly of YF was strongly supported by the bootstrap value. Next to the YF group, there were two paraphyletic groups of Dengue and JE clusters. For the Dengue group, each Den 1, 2, 3 and 4 were strongly supported for their monophyly, which Den 1 and Den 3 were clustered together with high support and followed by Den 2 and Den 4 as sister groups, respectively. In the Den 1 group, Den 1 – 280par00 was clustered with Den 1 293arg00 and Den 1 – S275/90 was a sister taxon. In the Den 3 group, Den 3 – Mart 1243 and Den 3 – Sri 1266 were clustered together and Den 3 – 80/2 Guangxi was a sister taxon. In the Den 2 group, there was the difference between the MP and the NJ trees. From the MP tree, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – TSV01 were clustered together with low bootstrap support and Den 2 – N 1409 was a sister taxon, whereas the NJ tree, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – N 1409 were clustered together with low bootstrap support. In the Den 4 group, Den 4 was clustered with Den 4 – 814669 and Den 4 – Guangzhou B5 were sister taxa. The JE cluster could be divided into two paraphyletic groups, the JE group and the WN group. The JE group composed of MVE, which was placed at the base and followed by a group of JE. There was the Tada Juthayothin Results / 118
difference within the JE group from the MP and the NJ trees, JE – Beijing 1 and JE – Ling were clustered together with high bootstrap support. Then the difference in the MP was shown in the position of JE – K94P05 that was a sister taxon and followed by unresolved relationships of JE – Vellore p20778 and JE – JaOArs 982, which were placed at the base whereas the NJ tree showed unresolved Vellore p20778 and JE – JaOArs 982, which were placed as sister taxa to those groups and followed by JE – K94P05. For the WN group, Kunjin – MRM61C was placed at the base and followed by a cluster of WN – 2471 and WN – NY99 eqhs which supported by high bootstrap 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3value and WN – China 01 was a sister taxon. เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 119
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 43. Single most parsimonious trees based on E amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Tada Juthayothin Results / 120
Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Aedes
Figure 44. Neighbor-joining tree based on E amino acid sequences of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. Mosquito vectors of these flaviviruses are given at the right: Culex ( ), Culex mosquito vector and. Aedes ( ), Aedes mosquito vector. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 121
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
The mitochondrial gene, Cytochrome oxidase I (COI), has been used as a marker gene for evolutionary study in many insect groups. The COI gene has characteristics that give it advantages over other mitochondrial genes, i.e., first it is one of the largest protein coding genes in the mitochondrial genome, second it has 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3highly conserved regions and variable regions and third it is the terminal catalyst in the เมื่อelectron 09/10/2564 transport chain of respiration 02:27:14 which appears to be conserved across all aerobic organisms. Previous works have used the COI gene for investigation of the relationships among insect groups such as groups within Lepidoptera, Odonata and Diptera insects (11, 13, 14). In this study, 26 mosquito COI sequences and 2 outgroup insects COI sequences were taken from GenBank database. These sequences have been prepared for phylogenetic study by cutting and selecting the part of position 2,320 to 2,961 bp of mitochondrial genome. The results showed that some sequences were shorter than most of all because these sequences obtained from previous studied that partially amplified the mosquito COI gene and does not include the desirable COI position (2,961 bp) and its lack only about 20 nucleotides. Thus unequal mosquito COI sequences from GenBank database can be used for investigating mosquito relationships and the total 20 lacking nucleotides does not effect the phylogenetic analysis because they were treated as missing characters from the total nucleotide length. To obtain COI sequences from individual mosquitoes, PCR amplification of 18 known mosquito species was done with specific primers (UEA7/10 primers) that have been designed to partially amplify COI gene in the position 2,320 to 2,961 of the mitochondrial genome (39). The COI region that amplified by UEA 7/10 primers including the most variable region of COI gene i.e., the COOH terminal coding region of COI gene, which revealed high evolutionary rate when compared to other regions that were more conserved along COI gene. There are some suggestions that UEA 7/10 Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 122
primers were suitable for phylogenetic analysis of intraspecific variation and closely related species (10). The results from PCR amplification in Figure 10 showed expected product size around 700 bp with bright sharply band and unexpected pale band size around 300 bp on the same lane. When ligated this PCR product to vector and transformed to E. coli cell, the results from PCR amplification with T7/SP6 primers show product sizes increasing to about 1,000 and 600 bp, respectively. Then these two size of PCR products were sequencing for the nucleotide sequence and the result from nucleotide alignment with MegAlign program found that PCR product size about 300 bp from UEA7/10 primers were a part of the product of size 700 with the 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3same primers (Data not shown). This situation might occur in which normally both เมื่อforward 09/10/2564 and reverse primers anneal 02:27:14 to their specific region of the COI gene and keep the range around 700 bp. One of these primers might anneal to unspecific region downstream on the COI gene resulting in shorter in length of the PCR product but there are uncommon when compared to normally annealing because of the presence of a pale band of the PCR product. Consensus sequences of COI gene from each mosquito species was obtained by using SeqMan program. Three replicates of nucleotide sequences from each mosquito species were used to make a consensus sequences (Figure 13) to prevent an error by Tag DNA polymerase that might cause nucleotide mispairing during PCR amplification and also might create a gap in the sequence and/or wrong reading of nucleotide signal during DNA sequencing process. Plasmid and primer sequences were then cut off. Three sequence replications were compared. The difference in nucleotide sequences at each position was resolved by eye adjust when compared to ABI sequencing data format. After all nucleotide sequence of three replicates has been proven to be the same, three replication of sequences were reduced to a single consensus sequence (642 bp). Both 26 mosquito COI sequences from GenBank database and 18 mosquito COI sequences, which obtained from directly sequencing, were investigated for their relationships using phylogenetic methods. Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of 37 mosquito COI sequences was carried out by using heuristic search with branch swapping obtained by stepwise addition. There are many algorithm search methods but heuristic search is the most suitable method for our data when compared with other exhaustive search, and branch Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 123
and bound search methods. Since the number of sequence taxa was more than 20 and if other algorithm search methods were used, it might take a long time for phylogenetic tree computation (27). The MP tree in this study, based on character state data, was first analyzed with equal weight in all characters (character weight = 1) and then the informative sites of the data were given different weight according to reweight character option (rescaled consistency index) and then gave reweighted MP tree. In the case of many phylogenetic trees production, Stricted consensus method was used to combine all parsimonious trees into a single most parsimonious tree which on the branches of tree that bootstrap value support lower than 50% would be 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3collapsed to multifurcation (polytomy) (Figure 16). MP method is more advantage เมื่อthan other 09/10/2564 methods because it is easy 02:27:14 and least time consuming, In the case of a small number of nucleotide or amino acid sequences of closely related species, the simple MP method would be more advantage than other methods. The disadvantage of this method is that the true tree with correct topology may not be obtained because of many factors such as multiple substitution (homoplasy) which occurs independently in the sequences and there are not enough parsimony-informative sites for MP analysis. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of mosquito COI sequences were carried out according to the model of nucleotide substitution of actual data that determined by MODELTEST program. This program would find the best fit model that suitable for actual data by evaluating with and without rate of heterogeneity in which the rate of heterogeneity was accommodated in three ways: using gamma model, using an invariant sites model, and using gamma plus invariant sites model (14). In this study a general time reversible (GTR) model, which is one of the ten models of nucleotide substitution from MODELTEST program, was chosen as substitution model for our mosquito COI sequence data. ML method is advantage than other methods and gives better tree topology when the divergence of sequences is high and patterns of nucleotide substitution are nearly the same in all site of evolutionary time (according to molecular clock). But if the pattern of molecular clock changes, the advantage of ML method over other methods would be declined and the disadvantage of this method is time-consuming. Neighbor-joining (NJ) method is distance based method in that phylogenetic tree is constructed from pairwise distances by using least square parameters. NJ Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 124
analysis needs model of nucleotide substitution and substitution parameters from ML method (our NJ analysis GTR was chosen as substitution model). Only single tree was produced by NJ method but might not necessarily be the true tree. This method would give the same topology when sequence differences are sufficiently large and nucleotide sequences are more than 500 bp. NJ method tend to produce correct topology when the rate of nucleotide substitution is higher and the number of nucleotides examined is not very large (31). The relationships among 37 mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae were investigated by three different phylogenetic method, MP, ML and NJ methods. The 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Family of Culicidae divided into three subfamilies, Toxorhynchitinae, Anophelinae เมื่อand Culicinae. 09/10/2564 Phylogenetic tree 02:27:14of Culicidae mosquitoes were obtained by both nucleotide and amino acid data, which might give different phenomenon. The results from nucleotide base (A, C, G and T) frequency of 37 mosquitoes (Table 7) showed heavily biased toward adenine (A) and thymine (T), which A+T is average to 71.6%, likely the same as previous work (47) that reported both nuclear and mitochondrial genes of insects including Diptera insects that tend to be strongly biased in A+T base. Also the results from ML analysis data showed that the hypothesis of equally in base frequency has been rejected (p-value < 0.000001). Pairwise distance of nucleotide identity between three subfamilies of mosquito indicated that Toxorhynchitinae mosquitoes are more closely related to Culicinae mosquitoes (86.08%) than Anophilinae mosquitoes (84.72%). Mosquitoes in the genus Toxorhynchitinae are closely related to the genus Culex (85.5-88.3%) and Aedes (84.4-87.8%) of the Subfamily Culicinae, respectively, whereas a pairwise distance of identity to the Genus Anopheles was 82.6-86.5%. Within members of the Subfamily Anophilinae, mosquitoes in the Genus Anopheles are more closely related to the Genus Chagasia (85.6-88.1%) than the Genus Bironella (84.9-88.3%) because of the high percent of identity. Within members of the Subfamily Culicinae, the Genus Aedes are more closely related to the Genus Armigeres (85.5-88.6%) and the Genus Culex (85.0-89.2%), respectively. The Genus Mansonia is more closely related to the Genus Culex (81.8-84.6%), and the Genus Aedeomyia is closely related to the Genus Toxorhynchites (84.1-85.9%) and the Genus Uranothenia (83.3%), respectively. The Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 125
Genus Uranothenia is closely related to the Genus Culex (84.1-87.0%), Aedes (83.6- 85.7%) and Anopheles (82.5-86.1%), respectively. Along COI sequences, third (nt3) and first (nt1) codon positions were the most variable than nt2 position, and informative sites occur most at nt3 (66.79%), nt1 (23.94%) and nt2 (9.27%), respectively which are similar to those reported in Anopheles mosquitoes, honey bee and moth (13, 18, 45). High variations were present most in nt3 because the mutation substitutions always occur among synonymous codons. In general, most of nucleotide substitutions in nt3 are synonymous (70%) whereas most substitution in nt2 (100%) and nt1 (96%) are nonsynonymous. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Nonsynonymous substitution of nucleotide resu lting in changes of amino acids, and if เมื่อit occurs 09/10/2564 in high rate along the animal 02:27:14 gene and it might effect protein function (17, 27). Thus the nucleotide substitution in highly conserved region occurs in nt3 more than nt1 and nt2 and is a silent mutation. The informative sites of nucleotide and amino acid sequences in MP analysis are 40.34% and 27.10%, respectively. These reflect in the low number of informative sites of amino acid sequences in which the low number of variation occur in amino acids because of mutation of nucleotide selected more synonymous substitution of conserved gene due to conservation of its protein production. Comparison of phylogenetic tree from MP analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences indicated highly bootstrap support for monophyletic group of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae. This subfamily was a sister taxa cluster of the Subfamily Culicinae which was similar to the previous work using white gene (17). The position among subgenera within Anopheles mosquito groups, Ch. bathana and Bi gracilis of the Subfamily Anophelinae were not the same as had been reported by other molecular data in which normally Bi. gracilis is the closely related sister taxa to Anopheles mosquito than Ch. bathana. Within Anopheles mosquito groups, the Subgenus Kertezia was closely related to Nyssorhynchus, and the Subgenus Anopheles was closely related to Cellia (17, 18). From the results, Ch. bathana was placed at the base of the Subfamily Anophelinae clade and Bi. gracilis was placed in different subfamilies with no bootstrap support for both taxa whereas the relationships among Anopheles mosquitoes were not the same as previous work described above. The relationships within Subfamily Culicinae were divided into two different clade, Culex Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 126
clade and Aedes clade, and these differ in the position of each clade on tree. The relationships within Culex clade, the Subgenus Culex clustered with Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia as their sister taxa whereas Mansonia mosquitoes grouped to this clade. The relationships within Aedes clade were greatly varied in their taxon position in that the same subgenus did not group together and also members of the Genus Armigeres were included. The result from MP analysis failed to find the relationships of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae because it could not group mosquitoes according to their subgenera and it placed some species into very distantly related groups. As described above, tree obtained from MP method might not be a true tree 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3because MP is the character-based method that based on nucleotide characters. MP เมื่อmethod 09/10/2564 would be most efficiency when02:27:14 the number of informative sites is enough and the degree of divergence between sequences is small. When the degree of divergent between sequences is large, multiple substitution (homoplasy) occurs and could effect the MP method by reducing phylogenetic signals. Our base frequency data showed bias in A+T (71.6%) and the A+T bias could promote homoplasy at the hypervariable sites of mitochondrial genome as previous suggested in Anopheles mosquitoes (64). Another homoplasy measurement is the value of consistency index (CI) and retention index (RI). The CI and RI values that were lower than other loci in several studies indicate a higher level of homoplasy than those obtained with other marker (87). The low CI and RI values of our data are similar to previous works with COI gene (11) that seem to be correlated with unresolved of the relatedness among close species. The amount of homoplasy in a study will be highly correlated with the number of taxa and the degree of divergence. A homoplasy affects MP analysis by nucleotide independently change in several taxa rather than inherited from common ancestor, thus error occurs in their relationships when this character-based method was used. But homoplasy will not affect to the accuracy of the phylogeny if the homoplasious characters are not informative. The relationships of mosquito from ML tree show better results in grouping of mosquitoes into their subgenus group. Similar to MP method that the Subfamily Toxoryhnchitinae is highly supported for their monophyletic group. The monophyletic groups of the Subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae were not supported by bootstrap values and the relationships within each subfamily is not similar to the MP method. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 127
This poor resolution in ML tree might result from both sequence data and errors during the tree reconstruction method. Data analysis of ML method needs a model of nucleotide substitution that fit to actual data in which were chosen from MODELTEST program. There are 10 substitution models in that program thus its might not cover in our data or wrong model was chosen for this COI sequence substitution data and give high error tree in which resulted in wrong relationships of mosquito species. Another factors that can effect ML analysis is the pattern of nucleotide substitution of COI sequences. If the pattern of nucleotide substitution occur nearly the same for all sites during the entire evolutionary time (molecular 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3clock), ML method expected to give better results in tree topology and if the pattern of เมื่อmolecular 09/10/2564 clock changes, the advantage 02:27:14 of ML would decline. Thus the wrong choice of substitution models or in the case that the COI sequence does not evolve according to molecular clock might effect ML analysis and result in unable to find the correct phylogenetic relationships of mosquitoes. Comparative NJ tree from nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of the Family Culicidae mosquitoes show better resolution than MP and ML methods. The Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae is the only subfamily that was supported for monophyletic group by three different methods and was placed in the Subfamily Culicinae cluster. NJ tree from nucleotide sequences showed that the Subfamily Anophelinae was placed at the base of the tree. Chagasia bathana is a basal taxon, and the Subgenus Nyssorhynchus was placed as a basal group of Anopheles mosquitoes followed by Cellia, Anopheles and Kertezia, respectively, which is different from previous study using Cyt b gene in the position of the Subgenus Kertezia that should grouped with Nyssorhynchus. Within the Subfamily Culicinae group, Aedes mosquitoes cluster according to their subgenera and Armigeres mosquito was clustered within the Aedes clade. Culex mosquito clade was also clustered in the subgenus and Mn. uniformis was included in the Culex clade. NJ tree from amino acid analysis give a better resolution than nucleotide sequences in term of a higher bootstrap value support. There are moderate and high support for monophyletic groups of the Subfamilies Anophelinae and Toxorhynchitinae, respectively. Monophyly of the Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae was placed in the clade of Culicinae. There are different from nucleotide analysis in which Bi gracilis was placed in the Culicinae cluster and Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 128
the Subgenus Nyssorhynchus was clustered with the Subgenus Anopheles. The position of members in the Subfamily Culicinae is nearly the same but was different in some taxa that placed at the base of this clade. NJ method is distance-based method that investigates the relationship among mosquitoes by similarity between them. Unlike MP method that use only informative sites for analysis, NJ method uses all sequences data and has more advantage than other method in the case of an occurrence of homoplasy in sequences. Although nucleotide sequence distances is small and the sequences are long, NJ method might give accurate results. NJ tree obtained from amino acid sequences has a better bootstrap support and a higher resolution than 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3nucleotide sequences because nucleotide substitution always occur with synonymous เมื่อsubstitution 09/10/2564 resulting in conservation 02:27:14 of amino acids than nucleotides. Alteration in amino acid might lead to changing protein function and the evolution always occurs by silent substitution. Phylogenetic tree of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae was shown in Appendix N which containing more than 80 mosquito species. The relationships of Culex mosquitoes were investigated among three subgenera Culex, Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia. Percent of identity among subgenera of mosquito reveal the Subgenus Culex is more closely related to the Subgenus Culiciomyia (92.48%) than the Subgenus Eumelanomyia (88.86%). Culex. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. sitiens of the Subgenus Culex showed closely related species by similarity value (98.4%) and 10 nucleotide difference (Ti/Tv = 8/2). Average similarity in this subgenus is 93.04%. Average similarity within the Subgenera Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia are 95.3% and 86.1%, respectively and average similarity of the Genus Culex is 91.69%. Similarity values of Culex mosquitoes indicate the closely related species which give similarity > 90%. This result reflects that there is a little difference between nucleotide sequences. Third nucleotide position of codon, which is more variable than nt1 and nt2, seems to be the only position that gives difference between closely related species. It is evident that nt3, even though has highly homoplasy, might contain most of the phylogenetic signals of closely related species when nt1 and nt2 are not different (55). Nucleotide substitution of Culex mosquitoes occurs in transversion which is greater than transition in which an average Ti/Tv ratio is 0.89. But this ratio is greatly varied within Culex mosquito group, in which the ratio has both lower and higher than Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 129
difference on species. It is known that transition occurs more frequently than transversion and comparisons involving closely related species are expected to find high transition to transversion ratio, which reflect high evolutionary rate (45). In this study, Cx. sitiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, which are closest related Culex species, has Ti/Tv ratio = 4 (Ti/Tv = 8/2) that is concordant as described before. Base frequency data of Culex mosquitoes shows high bias in A+T (~ 70%) same as Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes (18, 66). The evidence of A+T bias has been explained as the results of accumulation from mutation process that reflects ineffective repair system as described in honeybees (88). It is well known that transition occur more 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3frequently than transversion in mtDNA. Although our Culex mosquitoes data show เมื่อvariation 09/10/2564 in transition/transversion 02:27:14substitution but overall substitution seem to be that transversion is greater than transition (Ti/Tv = 0.89). The bias of transversion occurs the greatest between base A ↔ T (~85%) that could result in high proportion of A+T content in mtDNA, which such transversion bias also present in divergence of insect mitochondrial genome (11, 13, 46, 66). It is evident that the region of elevated A+T content of mitochondrial genome may promote homoplasy (20). The variable of base composition is greatest at nt3 perhaps because nt1 and nt2 are more conserved by the amino acid composition of the encoded protein. There is continuous selection of A+T nucleotide, which occurs according to synonymous substitution that does not deleterious to protein function (13). Comparative MP tree of Culex mosquitoes from nucleotide and amino acid sequences show difference results. Nucleotide sequences have 27.02% informaive sites and give two most parsimonious trees, whereas amino acid sequences have 14.02% informative sites and give 7,797 most parsimonious trees. The great number of MP tree resulting from amino acid sequences because there is little different of amino acids within the Culex group which did not give more information to MP analysis, thus MP cannot find the correct relationships of mosquitoes in the case that low variation of conserved amino acids are present. All tree reconstruction method cannot find all relationships from nucleotide sequences of Culex mosquitoes but some of them could be investigated. Members of subgenus Culiciomyia are well classified as a monophyletic group but it was placed in a clade of the Subgenus Culex, which has Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (Subgenus Culex) as a Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 130
sister taxon. Cx. bitaeniorhynchus was the special species that was closely related to the member of other subgenera than the member in the same subgenera. Another relationship is found between Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. sitiens that are strongly support for this cluster. The relationships of mosquitoes in the Subgenus Eumelanomyia and Culex were not investigated by all methods. This might due to the limitation of tree reconstruction methods that give the uncorrected relationships when homoplasy occurs in nucleotide sequences. This COI sequence gives more bias in A+T base which might promote homoplasy that can effect to a MP method thus cannot give the true relationships by MP analysis. Bias in transversion also occurs in this COI 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3sequences which leads to slow evolutionary rate of this COI gene but some species has เมื่อhigher 09/10/2564rate of transition than transversion. 02:27:14 These different patterns of nucleotide substitution occur in the same group of Culex mosquitoes, which might reflect the difference in the rate of evolution among Culex species. Thus a ML analysis, in which the accuracy of this method based on the chosen substitution model and the examined sequences should be evolved in a manner of the molecular clock, might effect by different rate of substitution among Culex species. The wrong choice of model during ML analysis can give wrong relationships in the ML tree. From our COI data, the selected substitution model might not be suitable and fit to this sequence because there are only 10 nucleotide substitution model in MODELTEST program which might not cover our COI substitution pattern. NJ trees from nucleotide and amino acid sequences give different relationships within Culex mosquitoes group. Unlike MP analysis, amino acid sequences analysis by NJ method give better resolution than nucleotide analysis, this might be because of homoplasy occurs independent along COI sequences leading to uncorrected relationships among species. Homoplasy occurs in COI gene but they occur in synnonymous substitution that did not change in amino acid thus amino acid still give better information of the relationships whereas the accuracy did not found by nucleotide sequences. The advantage of NJ analysis is that although sequence distance is small but if the sequence is long enough, the accurate tree might be obtained whereas other method cannot do. NJ tree from amino acid sequences placed the Subgenus Eumelanomyia at the base, followed by the Subgenus Culiciomyia, which was clustered together with two members of the Subgenus Culex, Cx. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 131
bitaeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Subgenus Culex was placed at the top of the tree according to pairwise distance between the subgenera of Culex mosquitoes that percent identity between the Subgenera Culex and Culiciomyia is 92.48% and between Culex and Eumelanomyia is 88.86% and between Culiciomyia and Eumelanomyia is 89.12%. Some Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex have higher evolution when compared to other two subgenera because of Ti/Tv ratio within this subgenus is greater in transition. This reveals faster evolution than the other two subgenera, which are greater in transversion and lead to slow rate of evolution. The relationships of mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex by NJ method of amino acids give 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3the most similar results to the morphological relationships than the results from other เมื่อmethods. 09/10/2564 The relationships between 02:27:14 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. sitiens was strongly supported for nucleotide analysis by MP, NJ and ML methods in which the bootstrap value were close to 100 percent. But amino acid analysis by NJ method gives the different results in which Cx. tritaeniorhynchus that previously was strongly clustered with Cx. sitiens became clustered with Cx. vishnui and these relationships were concordance with morphological characteristics. Another relationships that was found only in Culex amino analysis is between Cx. gelidus and Cx. whitmorei which had never been resolved before and these relationships is similar to morphological characteristics.
Figure 45. Morphological relationships tree of Culex mosquitoes in the Subgenus Culex. Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 132
Morphological relationships among mosquitoes of the Subgenus Culex were determined using characters taken from mosquito descriptions (3, 26). A tree based on morphological characters placed Cx. gelidus with Cx. whitmorei, with Cx. fuscocephala and Cx. sitiens as sister species. Culex vishnui and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were clustered together and formed a paraphyletic group with Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus. The morphological relationship tree is shown in Figure 45 and the details of mosquito characteristics used in constructing the tree are shown in Appendix M. Thus in this study the results are similar to the previous works (11, 46, 66) 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3concerning phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial COI gene to investigate the เมื่อrelationships 09/10/2564 among insect species 02:27:14was done and it could be concluded that COI gene did not show good phylogenetic performance, did not gave good resolution in the tree and cannot investigate the relationships among closely related species. Because of higher rate of substitution in COI gene, multiple substitution, and high rate of transversion occur fast resulting in the loss phylogenetic information that come from the common ancestor. For phylogenetic study of mosquito-borne flaiviruses that are widespread in Asian region such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses, 5 isolates of JE, 3 isolates of each dengue serotype were obtained from the GenBank database. In addition, 3 isolates of West Nile (WN) virus and 2 isolates of yellow fever (YF) virus which are not widespread in the Asia region; and Kunjin virus and Murray valley encephalitis (MVE) virus which are widespread in Australia were obtained from the GenBank database and also used in this mosquito-flaviviruses phylogenetic analysis. The evolutionary study of flaviviruses was carried out by using whole sequences of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) (~ 1,850 bp), 5 (NS5) (~ 2,700 bp) and structural envelop protein gene (E) (~ 1,500 bp). It has been reported that the tree topology based on E, NS3 and NS5 genes showed good relationships of viruses but NS5 gene give the best resolution because it seems to be most conserved than NS3 and E gene, respectively (89, 90). The sequence identity distance of NS5 gene is 59.08 – 74.36%, NS3 gene is 53.73 - 74.53% and E gene is 51.01 – 72.46%. The results from both MP and NJ methods of E, NS3 and NS5 showed congruent to previous work with flaviviruses (91, 92). YF group was clustered at the Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 133
base of the tree and followed by two paraphyletic groups of dengue cluster and JE cluster. In dengue cluster, Den 1 and Den 3 were clustered together whereas Den 2 and Den 4 were sister groups. JE cluster can be divided into two groups, JE and WN groups, in which MVE cluster with JE and Kunjin cluster with WN. Within Den 2 group, there is unresolved relationships between Den 2 – N 1409, Den 2 – New Guinea C and Den 2 – TSV01 because they have close number of nucleotide substitution of each others. When compared Den 2 group to the well- resolved relationships such as Den 1 group, the number of nucleotide substitution in closely related species would be low and is different from other members in the group 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3(Table 18). The same situation occurs in members of JE group, JE – JaOArs 982 and เมื่อJE – Vellore 09/10/2564 p20778 that cannot find 02:27:14 the relationships with the clusters of JE – Beijing 1 and JE – Ling.
Table 18. Nucleotide substitution sites of Dengue 2 compared to Dengue 1. Viruses E NS3 NS5 Den 2 – N 1409 - Den 2 - New Guinea C 59 121 100 Den 2 – N 1409 - Den 2 - TSV01 96 185 131 Den 2 - New Guinea C - Den 2 - TSV01 75 139 115 Den 1 280par00 - Den 1 - 293arg00 6 3 1 Den 1 280par00 - Den 1 – S275/90 60 220 115 Den 1 293arg00 - Den 1 - S275/90 101 224 116
The results from mosquito-borne flavivirus phylogeny give well classification of these flaviviruses into two distinct mosquito vector groups, Aedes and Culex mosquito vector similar to previous works about flaviviruses and suggested that the viruses in the Genus Flaviviruses evolved from non-vector group to tick-borne and then to mosquito-borne group (93). Because pairwise nucleotide distance of mosquito- borne group showed distantly related to non-vector group and closely related to tick- borne group, and some of mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been sometime isolated from ticks. The explanation that inferred from phylogenetic tree of mosquito-borne flaviviurses reveals two distinct Aedes and Culex vectors is that it is correlated with mosquito feeding behavior. Aedes mosquitoes feed on mammal/primate and the Tada Juthayothin Discussion / 134
viruses were maintained in primate cycles, while birds were not associated with any viruses from Aedes clade. Culex mosquitoes feed on both mammal and bird but none of Culex clade viruses are maintained in primate cycles, it rather maintained only in bird cycles (94). Another correlation between viruses from Aedes and Culex clade is severe infection, in which viruses from Aedes clade cause haemorrhagic diseases whereas viruses from Culex clade cause encephalitic diseases. The data from both phylogenetic analysis of mosquito COI gene and phylogenetic analysis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses using E, NS3 and NS5 gene reveal that Anophelinae mosquitoes have evolved first and then followed by 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Toxorhynchitinae and Culicinae mosquito evol ution. It might be assumed that during เมื่อCulicinae 09/10/2564 mosquitoes have evolved 02:27:14 from their ancestor and that is the time of flaviviruses have evolved from tick-borne viruses to mosquito-borne viruses, thus that is the situation of coevolution of Culicinae mosquitoes and mosquito-borne flaviviruses. But this coevolution might occur before the separation of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes from the ancestor because Culex and Aedes mosquitoes are very closely related genera and mosquitoes in these two genera are vectors of mosquito- borne flaviviruses. After Culex and Aedes mosquitoes have evolved and they have different behavior thus these might be the mechanism of flavivirus evolution. Finally there are two distinct mosquito-borne flaviviruses group, Culex and Aedes groups, which is the results of mosquito evolution. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 135
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
The relationships of mosquitoes within both the Family Culicidae and the Genus Culex were investigated using molecular phylogenetic analysis methods. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was the molecular marker gene used as a tool for studying the relationships. The COI gene is suitable for phylogenetic 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3analysis because it is one of the highly conserved mitochondrial genes that has both เมื่อconserved 09/10/2564 and variable regions along 02:27:14 the gene; the COOH terminal shows the most highly variable region. In this study, the most variable region of COI sequences of 18 mosquitoes was obtained by PCR amplification using a UEA 7/10 primer set. The PCR products were sequenced resulting in 642 bp with no gaps present within the sequences. Other COI sequences of 26 mosquitoes and 2 outgroup insects, L. migratoria and B. dorsalis, were obtained from the GenBank database. All COI sequences were compared by molecular phylogenetic methods, maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and neighbor-joining methods (NJ). The results from three different methods give diverse relationships of mosquitoes. NJ method, which is distance method, is the only one method that gives the most reliable of mosquito relationships whereas MP and ML failed to find the relationship. Because our COI sequences tend to have multiple substitution (homoplasy) occurs independently rather than acquires the substitution from the common ancestor. Also, the presence of high A+T bias and greater transversion substitution than transition, which reflect the abnormal evolutionary rate of insect COI. Thus homoplasy and abnormal substitution might effect MP and ML methods and give more error during phylogenetic analysis, in which the accuracy of both MP and ML methods depending on nucleotide substitution unlike NJ method that seems to be the best method in case that homoplasy occurs because its calculated the relationships by similarity between sequences. The relationships among mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae show that mosquito in each subgenus clustered together and some species group within other Tada Juthayothin Conclusion / 136
clade. The results from nucleotide sequences give better resolution than amino acid data. Both show well grouping of mosquitoes but the tree from amino acid data show higher bootstrap support for the subgenus grouping. The Subfamily Toxorhunchitinae is more closely related to the Subfamily Culicinae than the Subfamily Anophelinae and its clade was present within the Subfamily Culicinae clade and was most closely related to the genus Culex. The relationships of Toxorhynchites mosquitoes group show that member of the Subgenus Toxorhynchites was clustered together with the Subgenus Lynchiella was a sister group. In the Subfamily Anophelinae clade, Anopheles mosquitoes were clustered together with Ch. bathana as sister species. The 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Subfamily Culicinae was divided into two groups, Aedes and Culex groups. Aedes เมื่อcluster 09/10/2564composed of Aedes and 02:27:14 Armigeres mosquitoes whereas Culex cluster composed of Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes. The relationships of mosquito in the Genus Culex showed different results between amino acid and nucleotide sequences. Because of close relationships within the Genus Culex and homoplasy occurs thus nucleotide analysis give high error relatedness to very closely related species, which showed high similarity level. Unlike the amino acid analysis, although nucleotide homoplasy occurred but it did not seem to change amino acids (synnonymous substitution) so the phylogenetic information did not loss like a nucleotide analysis. The relationships of Culex mosquitoes showed that the Subgenus Eumelanomyia was placed at the base of the tree and the Subgenera Culex and Culiciomyia were the closely related ones. The relationships of Culex mosquitoes within the Subgenus Culex were according to their morphological characteristics in which Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was clustered with Cx. vishnui and Cx. gelidus was clustered with Cx. whitmorei. The results from phylogenetic tree of COI gene revealed that COI was not suitable for this mosquito phylogenetic analysis due to homoplasy in the sequences that caused loss in phylogenetic information that acquired from ancestor and gave high errors when used in the study of the relationships among mosquito species. Our suggestion to further work in phylogenetic study is to obtain the nucleotide data from two or more conserved genes, which could be used as reference data and the representative species in the group should be more than one species. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 137
Phylogenetic study of mosquito-borne flaviviurses from envelope protein, nonstructural protein 3 and 5 genes showed congruent results. Yellow fever virus was distantly related to the others and was placed at the base of the tree, while dengue virus serocomplex is the paraphyletic group to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus serocomplex [JE, West Nile (WN), Murray valley encephalitis (MVE) and Kunjin virus]. In dengue serocomplex, dengue 3 was clustered with dengue 1 and dengue 2 and 4 as sister groups whereas in JE serocomplex, JE virus clusters with MVE virus and formed the paraphyletic group to WN virus and Kunjin virus. These results showed two distinct mosquito-borne flavivirus groups based on their vectors, Aedes 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3and Culex vectors, which dengue and YF belonged to Aedes vectors and JE, MVE, เมื่อWN and 09/10/2564 Kunjin belonged to Culex 02:27:14vectors. The data from both mosquito phylogeny and mosquito-borne flaviviruses revealed coevolution between flaviviruses and their vectors, Aedes, Culex mosquitoes. The coevolution might occur before Culex and Aedes mosquitoes evolved from each other. Because of differences in mosquito behavior between Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, it might be the mechanism of mosquito-borne flaviviruses evolution and finally caused differences in their infections. Tada Juthayothin References / 138
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APPENDIX A Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 149
APPENDIX A EXPERIMENTAL REAGENTS
1. DNA extraction STE buffer (pH 8.0) 0.1 M NaCl 2 mL 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) 1 mL 10.14457/MU.the.2004.31 mM EDTA (pH 8.0) 0.2 mL เมื่อ 09/10/2564Distilled water 02:27:14 96.8 mL Total volume 100 µL
2. PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis 2.1 PCR reaction mixture (20µL) Deionized water 12.5 µL 10X buffer 2 µL
25 mM MgCl2 2 µL 10 mM dNTPs 0.5 µL 10 mM each primer 0.5 µL 1 Unit of Tag DNA polymerase 0.1 µL DNA template 2 µL Total volume 20 µL 2.2 Tris-acetate (TAE) running buffer (1X) 0.04 M Tris-acetate Tris base 242 g Glacial acetic acid 57.1 mL 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0) 100 mL Distilled water 600.9 mL Total volume 1,000 mL 2.3 Agarose gel (1% w/v) Agarose powder 0.8 g Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 150
TAE buffer 80 mL Ethidium bromide solution 0.2 µL Add 80 mL of TAE buffer into 0.8 g of agarose powder and melting in a microwave oven. Cool the gel solution to 55ºC and add 0.2 µL of ethidium bromide solution into the gel mixture. Pouring into a scaled gel casting platforms, inserts the gel combs, and wait until gel has hardened.
3. DNA Cloning 3.1 Ligation mixture 10.14457/MU.the.2004.32X rapid ligation buffer 5 µL เมื่อ 09/10/2564Deionized water 02:27:14 2 µL pGEM-T Easy vector (50 ng) 1 µL PCR product 1 µL T4 DNA ligase (3 Weiss units/µL) 1 µL Total volume 10 µL 3.2 SOC medium Bacto-tryptone 2.0 g Bacto-yeast extract 0.5 g 1 M NaCl 1 mL 1M KCl 0.25 mL 2 M Mg2+ stock (filter sterilized) 1 mL 2 M glucose (filter sterilized) 1 mL Add Bacto-tryptone, bacto-yeast extract, NaCl and KCl to 97 mL distilled water. Stir to dissolve. Autoclave and cool to room temperature. Add 2 M Mg2+ stock and 2 M glucose, each to a final concentration of 20 mM. Bring to 100 mL with sterile, distilled water. Filter the complete medium through a 0.2 µM filter unit. The final pH should be 7.0. 3.3 LB agar plates 3.3.1 LB agar plates with ampicillin LB agar 15 g Distilled water 1,000 mL Ampicillin (100 µg/mL) 500 µL Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 151
Add 15 g of LB agar to 1,000 mL of distilled water and autoclave. Allow the medium to cool to 50ºC before adding ampicillin to a final concentration of 100 µg/mL. Pour 30-35 mL of medium into 85 mM petri dishes. Let the agar harden. Store at 4ºC for up to one month or at room temperature for up to one week. 3.3.2 LB agar plates with ampicillin/IPTG/X-Gal 100 mM IPTG 4 mL X-Gal (50 mg/mL) 20 mL Make the LB plates with amplicillin as above; then supplement with 0.5 mM IPTG and 80 µg/mL X-Gal and pour the plates. Alternatively, 20 mL of 100 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3mM IPTG and 50 mg/mL of X-Gal may be spread over the surface of a LB-amplicillin เมื่อplate and 09/10/2564 allowed to absorb for 30 min02:27:14 at 37ºC prior to use. Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 152
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX B Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 153
APPENDIX B CONSENSUS SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL MOSQUITOES
[1 60] Ae._aegypti CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._albopictus CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCAACTATAATTATTGCGGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ar._magnus CGAGCCTATTTTACATCAGCCACTATAATTATTGCTATTCCTACGGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ar._subalbatus CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Cx._brevipalpis CGTGCCTATTTTACATCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. CGAGCTTATTTTACCTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCAGTTCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._fuscocephala CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTGCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Cx._gelidus CGAGCCTATTTCACTTCTGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._nigropunctatus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT เมื่อCx._pallidothorax 09/10/2564 CGAGCTTATTTCACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC 02:27:14 Cx._quinquefasciatus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCCGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._sitiens CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._vishnui CGAGCTTACTTTACTTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAGATTTTT Cx._whitmorei CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Tx._splendens CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Mn._uniformis CGAGCTTATTTCACATCTGCCACTATAATTATTGCCGTTCCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC
[61 120] Ae._aegypti AGTTGATTAGCAACTTTACACGGAACTCAATTAACATATAGTCCAGCCCTTCTATGATCA Ae._albopictus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAACATATAGCCCTGCACTTTTATGATCT Ar._magnus AGTTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGGACTCAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTTTACTTTGATCC Ar._subalbatus AGTTGACTAGCAACCCTTCATGGAACTCAATTTACTTATAGACCAGCACTCTTATGATCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAAACTATACGCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._brevipalpis AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTTAATTATACTCCAGCATTATTATGATCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. AGTTGATTAGCTACTTTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCCGCATTGCTTTGATCT Cx._fuscocephala AGTTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._gelidus AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACTCAATTAAATTATACTCCAGCATTATTATGATCT Cx._nigropunctatus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAAATTATACTCCAGCTTTATTATGATCT Cx._pallidothorax AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAAACTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCT Cx._quinquefasciatus AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._sitiens AGTTGATTAGCCACTCTCCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus AGCTGATTAGCTACTCTCCATGGGACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._vishnui AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTACACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._whitmorei AGTTGATTAGCTACATTGCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACACCTGCATTACTATGATCA Tx._splendens AGATGATTAGCTACTTTTCATGGTACACAATTAAATCTTAATCCTACTTTATTATGATCA Mn._uniformis AGCTGATTAGCCACATTACATGGAACTCAATTAACATACAGTCCTGCTATTTTATGATCT
[121 180] Ae._aegypti TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGTTTAACAGGAGTAGTATTAGCTAATTCT Ae._albopictus TTAGGATTTGTTTTTTTATTTACAGTTGGGGGATTAACTGGAGTAATTTTAGCTAATTCA Ar._magnus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTAGTTCTTGCTAATTCA Ar._subalbatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAATTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._brevipalpis CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTCGTTCTTGCAAATTCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTATTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._fuscocephala TTAGGGTTTGTATTCTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGGGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCA Cx._gelidus CTAGGGTTTGTATTTTTATTCACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._nigropunctatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGTTTAACTGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._pallidothorax TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGGTTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAACTCT Cx._quinquefasciatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGTTTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._sitiens CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACCGGGGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._vishnui TTAGGATTTGTATTCTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._whitmorei TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Tx._splendens TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGTGTAATTTTAGCAAATTCA Mn._uniformis TTAGGATTTATTTTCCTATTCACTGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTATTTTAGCTAATTCA
[181 240] Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 154
Ae._aegypti TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCCCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Ae._albopictus TCAATTGATATTGTACTTCACGATACATATTATGTAGTAGCCCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Ar._magnus TCTATTGATATTGTACTTCATGACACTTACTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Ar._subalbatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCCCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA Cx._brevipalpis TCTATTGATATTATTTTACATGATACTTATTACGTAGTTGCTCACTTTCATTATGTTTTA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACCTATTATGTAGTTGCACATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._fuscocephala TCTATTGATATTGTATTACACGATACATATTACGTAGTTGCTCACTTCCATTATGTTCTA Cx._gelidus TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._nigropunctatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTCCATTATGTTTTA Cx._pallidothorax TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._quinquefasciatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._sitiens TCTATTGATATCGTATTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TCTATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._vishnui TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTAGCCCACTTCCACTATGTACTA Cx._whitmorei TCAATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCCCACTTCCATTATGTATTA Tx._splendens TCTATTGATATTGTCCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCACTATGTTTTA Mn._uniformis TCTATTGATATTATTCTTCATGATACATACTATGTGGTAGCTCATTTTCACTATGTTCTA
[241 300] 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Ae._aegypti TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Ae._albopictus TCTATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCATTGATATCCATTATTAACA Ar._magnus TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATCCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA เมื่อAr._subalbatus 09/10/2564 TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTCGCAATTATAGGAGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCCTTATTAACT 02:27:14 Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Cx._brevipalpis TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCCCTATTAACT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TCAATAGGGGCCGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Cx._fuscocephala TCTATGGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATGGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Cx._gelidus TCAATAGGGGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATCCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Cx._nigropunctatus TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTACATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Cx._pallidothorax TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCATTGATATCCTCTATTAACA Cx._quinquefasciatus TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGGTTTATTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACT Cx._sitiens TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTATTCATTGATATCCTTTACTAACT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATATCCTTTACTAACT Cx._vishnui TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCATTATTAACA Cx._whitmorei TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTACATTGATACCCTTTATTAACT Tx._splendens TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGTTTTATCCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Mn._uniformis TCTATAGGAGCTGTTTTCGCCATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCACTGATACCCTTTATTAACT
[301 360] Ae._aegypti GGAATAGTTATAAACCCTTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTAGTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Ae._albopictus GGAATAATTATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAAGCTCAATTTACAATAATATTTATCGGAGTT Ar._magnus GGATTAATTATAAATCCTCAATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTTTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Ar._subalbatus GGATTAGTAATAAATTCTTCATGATTAAAAACTCAATTTTTTATAATATTTATTGGAGTT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus GGATTAGTAATAAACCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._brevipalpis GGATTAACTATAAATCCTACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATAGGTGTA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTTATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTT Cx._fuscocephala GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATCGGAGTA Cx._gelidus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._nigropunctatus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._pallidothorax GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGGGTA Cx._quinquefasciatus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAGGTTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._sitiens GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTCATTGGAGTA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTCATTGGAGTA Cx._vishnui GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAAATTCAACTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._whitmorei GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTGAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Tx._splendens GGATTAATAATAAATCCTTTATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTATAATTATATTTATTGGAGTT Mn._uniformis GGGCTAGTAATAAACCCCACCTGATTAAAAATTCAATTCTCAATCATATTCATTGGAGTA
[361 420] Ae._aegypti AATCTAACTTTCTTTCCCCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Ae._albopictus AATTTAACTTTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGTTACTCT Ar._magnus AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGTATACCTCGTCGTTACTCT Ar._subalbatus AATTTAACTTTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGGTTAGCTGGAATACCCCGACGATATTCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Cx._brevipalpis AATCTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCAGGAATACCCCGTCGATATTCT Cx._fuscocephala AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._gelidus AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGACTTGCTGGTATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._nigropunctatus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Cx._pallidothorax AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGACTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._quinquefasciatus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._sitiens AATCTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGTATACCTCGACGATACTCA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 155
Cx._tritaeniorhynchus AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Cx._vishnui AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._whitmorei AATTTAACATTCTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCACGACGATACTCT Tx._splendens AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Mn._uniformis AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTCTTGGACTTGCAGGAATACCACGACGATACTCA
[421 480] Ae._aegypti GATTTTCCCGATAGTTACTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Ae._albopictus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAATAATTTCT Ar._magnus GACTTTCCTGATAGCTATTTAACTTGAAATATTGTATCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACTATTTCG Ar._subalbatus GATTATCCAGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCATTAGGAAGAACAATCTCT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCATGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGAACAATTTCA Cx._brevipalpis GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAATATGAAATGTAATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACTATTTCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Cx._fuscocephala GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCTTCTTTAGGTAGAACAATTTCA Cx._gelidus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACCTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCACTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Cx._nigropunctatus GATTTTCCCGATAGTTATTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGAACAATTTCT Cx._pallidothorax GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCATGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGTACAATTTCT Cx._quinquefasciatus GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Cx._sitiens GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Cx._vishnui GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Cx._whitmorei GATTTCCCTGATAGTTATTTAGCATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTAGGTAGTACAATTTCA เมื่อTx._splendens 09/10/2564 GATTTTCCAGATAACTATTTATCATGAAATATAATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT 02:27:14 Mn._uniformis GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATAATTTCTTCCTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCC
[481 540] Ae._aegypti TTATTTGCCGTTATTTTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACTCAACGAACA Ae._albopictus TTATTTGCTATTATTTTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACACAACGAACT Ar._magnus CTTTTTGCTATTATTTTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGATAGAATAATTTCACAACGAACA Ar._subalbatus TTATTTGCAATTATTTTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TTATTTGGAATTGTATTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._brevipalpis TTATTTGCAATTATTTTATTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTAAACGAACT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._fuscocephala TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._gelidus TTATTTGCTATTGTATTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATGGTTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._nigropunctatus TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGTACT Cx._pallidothorax TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._quinquefasciatus TTATTTGGGATTGTATTATTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._sitiens TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._vishnui TTATTTGCTATTGTATTCTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._whitmorei TTATTTGCTATTGTATTCTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATGGTTTCTCAACGAACA Tx._splendens TTATTTGCTATTTTATTTTTTCTTTTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTAAACGAACT Mn._uniformis TTATTAGGTATTTTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAACATCACAACGAACA
[541 600] Ae._aegypti CCTTCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACACTTCCTCCTGCA Ae._albopictus CCTTCTTTCCCCATACAACTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTTTACCTCCTGCA Ar._magnus CCTTCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATTCTTTACCTCCAGCA Ar._subalbatus CCAGCATTCCCAATACAATTATCATCATCTATTGAATGATACCAAACCCTTCCTCCTATA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._brevipalpis CCTTTATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCTTCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCAGCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. ATTAATTTCCCGATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGGTATCATCCTCTTCCTCCTGCA Cx._fuscocephala CCTTCATTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCGCCTGCA Cx._gelidus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAAGGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._nigropunctatus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._pallidothorax CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCCCCTGCA Cx._quinquefasciatus CCTTCATTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._sitiens CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._vishnui CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._whitmorei CCATCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Tx._splendens CCTTCTTTTCCAATACAATTATCATCATCTATTGAATGATATCATTCAATACCTCCTATA Mn._uniformis TTAACATTCCCAATACAACTTTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATTCCATCCTTTACCTCCAGCT
[601 642] Ae._aegypti GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTACCACTACTTTCTTCTAATTTC Ae._albopictus GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTACCTCTTCTTTCTTCTAATTTC Ar._magnus GAGCATACTTATTCAGAATTACCACTAATTTCTTCTAATTTC Ar._subalbatus GAACACTCTTATTCAGAACTTCCATTAATTTCTTCTAATTTC Cx._bitaeniorhynchus GAACATACATATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._brevipalpis GAACATACTTACTCAGAACTTCCTTTATTATCATCTAATTTC Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 156
Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GAACATACCTATGCAGAACTGCCTTTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._fuscocephala GAACATACTTACGCAGAACTTCCACTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._gelidus GAACATACTTACGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._nigropunctatus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._pallidothorax GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._quinquefasciatus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._sitiens GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._vishnui GAACACACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._whitmorei GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Tx._splendens GAACATACATATTCTGAATTACCTATTTTATCATCAAATTTC Mn._uniformis GAACATACTTATGCTGAACTCCCTCTTTTATCATCTAATTTC
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 157
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX C Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 158
APPENDIX C NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF MOSQUITOES IN THE FAMILY CULICIDAE
[1 60] L._migratoria CGAGCTTATTTCACCTCAGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAGGTATTC B._dorsalis CGTGCCTATTTCACTTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCGGTACCCACAGGTATTAAAATTTTT Tx._splendens CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Tx._amboinensis CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Tx._rutilus CGAGCTTACTTTACTTCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCAGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC An._albimanus CGAGCTTATTTCACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3An._albitarsis CGAGCTTACTTCACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT An._marajoara CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT An._rondoni CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT เมื่อAn._gambiae 09/10/2564 CGAGCTTACTTTACATCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCAACTGGAATTAAGATTTTT 02:27:14 An._stephensi CGAGCTTATTTTACATCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCAACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT An._arabiensis CGAGCTTACTTTACATCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCAACTGGAATTAAGATTTTT An._freeborni CGAGCATATTTTACATCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT An._earlei CGAGCATACTTCACTTCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCCGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT An._quadrimaculatus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGTATTAAAATTTTT An._bellator CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT An._cruzii CGAGCATATTTTACTTCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Bi._gracilis CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCAACAGGTATTAAAATTTTT Ch._bathana CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._caspius CGAGCTTATTTCACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._mariae CGAGCTTATTTCACTTCTGCTACAATAATCATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._cataphylla CGGGCATACTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._punctor CGAGCATACTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._geniculatus CGAGCATATTTCACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCAGTACCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._aegypti CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._albopictus CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCAACTATAATTATTGCGGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ae._vexans CGAGCTTACTTTACTTCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._sitiens CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._nigropunctatus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._pallidothorax CGAGCTTATTTCACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Cx._brevipalpis CGTGCCTATTTTACATCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. CGAGCTTATTTTACCTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCAGTTCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ar._subalbatus CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ar._magnus CGAGCCTATTTTACATCAGCCACTATAATTATTGCTATTCCTACGGGAATTAAAATTTTT Mn._uniformis CGAGCTTATTTCACATCTGCCACTATAATTATTGCCGTTCCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Ad._squamipennis CGAGCATATTTTACTTCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTTCCAACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT Ur._lowii CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT
[61 120] L._migratoria AGATGAATAGCAACATTATACGGAACTAAATTCAAATTCAATCCACCATTATTATGAGCA B._dorsalis AGTTGACTGGCTACATTACACGGTACACAATTAAACTATTCACCAGCCATATTGTGAGCC Tx._splendens AGATGATTAGCTACTTTTCATGGTACACAATTAAATCTTAATCCTACTTTATTATGATCA Tx._amboinensis AGATGATTAGCTACTTTTCATGGTACACAATTAAATCTTAATCCTACTTTATTATGATCA Tx._rutilus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGTACTCAATTAAATTATAATCCTACATTATTATGATCA Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. AGATGATTAGCTACTTTTCATGGTACACAATTAAATCTTAATCCTACTTTATTATGATCA An._albimanus AGTTGATTAGCTACCTTACATGGTACACAATTAACATATAGCCCTGCTATATTATGGGCC An._albitarsis AGTTGACTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAACTAACATATAGTCCAGCTATACTTTGAGCA An._marajoara AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAACTAACATATAGTCCAGCTATACTTTGAGCA An._rondoni AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAATTAACATATAGACCAGCTATGCTATGAGCA An._gambiae AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACACGGAACACAATTGACTTATAGCCCAGCTATATTGTGAGCA An._stephensi AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACACGGAACACAACTTACTTATAGCCCAGCTATATTATGAGCA An._arabiensis AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACACGGAACACAATTAACTTATAGCCCAGCTATATTGTGAGCA An._freeborni AGTTGATTAGCTACAATACATGGAACTCAATTAACATATAGCCCTGCTATATTATGAGCT An._earlei AGTTGACTAGCTACAATACATGGAACACAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTATATTATGAGCA An._quadrimaculatus AGTTGATTAGCAACAATACATGGTACACAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCAATATTATGAGCT An._bellator AGATGATTAGCTACTTTACATGGAACTCAACTTACTTATAGCCCTGCTATACTATGAGCC An._cruzii AGATGATTAGCTACTTTACATGGAACACAACTTACTTATAGCCCTGCTATATTATGATCT Bi._gracilis AGATGATTAGCTACTATTCATGGAACACAATTTACTTATAGCCCTGCTATATTATGATCA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 159
Ch._bathana AGTTGATTAGCAACATTACACGGGACTCAATTAAATTATAGCCCTGCTTTACTATGAGCT Ae._caspius AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTTTACTTTGATCA Ae._mariae AGTTGATTAGCTACACTTCATGGAACACAATTAACTTATAGACCTGCATTACTTTGATCA Ae._cataphylla AGTTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTTTACTTTGATCT Ae._punctor AGTTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGGACACAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTCTACTTTGATCT Ae._geniculatus AGTTGATTAGCCACCCTTCATGGAACCCAATTAACTTATAGCCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Ae._aegypti AGTTGATTAGCAACTTTACACGGAACTCAATTAACATATAGTCCAGCCCTTCTATGATCA Ae._albopictus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAACATATAGCCCTGCACTTTTATGATCT Ae._vexans AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTCTTCTTTGATCT Cx._sitiens AGTTGATTAGCCACTCTCCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus AGCTGATTAGCTACTCTCCATGGGACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._nigropunctatus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAAATTATACTCCAGCTTTATTATGATCT Cx._pallidothorax AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAAACTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCT Cx._brevipalpis AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTTAATTATACTCCAGCATTATTATGATCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. AGTTGATTAGCTACTTTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCCGCATTGCTTTGATCT Ar._subalbatus AGTTGACTAGCAACCCTTCATGGAACTCAATTTACTTATAGACCAGCACTCTTATGATCA Ar._magnus AGTTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGGACTCAATTAACTTATAGTCCTGCTTTACTTTGATCC Mn._uniformis AGCTGATTAGCCACATTACATGGAACTCAATTAACATACAGTCCTGCTATTTTATGATCT Ad._squamipennis AGCTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGTACACAATTAAATTATAGCCCTACATTATTATGATCT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Ur._lowii AGTTGATTAGCTACACTTCACGGAACTCAATTTAATTATAGCCCAGCTCTATTATGATCA [121 180] L._migratoria TTAGGATTTATTTTCCTATTTACAATAGGAGGTTTAACTGGTCTTGTACTTGCAAATTCA เมื่อB._dorsalis 09/10/2564 CTAGGGTTTGTATTCCTATTTACAGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAGTTCTTGCTAATTCA 02:27:14 Tx._splendens TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGTGTAATTTTAGCAAATTCA Tx._amboinensis TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGTGTAATTTTAGCAAATTCA Tx._rutilus TTAGGATTTGTTTTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGTGTAATTTTAGCAAATTCT Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGTGTAATTTTAGCAAATTCA An._albimanus TTTGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT An._albitarsis TTTGGATTTGTATTCTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTAGTTTTAGCTAATTCT An._marajoara TTTGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAGTTTTAGCTAATTCT An._rondoni TTTGGGTTTGTTTTCTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTAGTTTTAGCTAATTCT An._gambiae TTTGGATTCGTTTTCTTATTTACAGTTGGTGGTCTAACAGGAGTTGTACTAGCTAATTCA An._stephensi TTTGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTGTTTTAGCAAATTCA An._arabiensis TTTGGATTCGTTTTCTTATTTACAGTTGGTGGTCTAACAGGAGTTGTACTAGCTAATTCA An._freeborni TTTGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTCGGAGGATTAACTGGGGTAGTACTAGCTAATTCA An._earlei TTTGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTAGGAGGTCTAACTGGAGTAGTTTTAGCTAATTCA An._quadrimaculatus TTCGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTAGGAGGTTTAACCGGTGTAGTATTAGCTAATTCA An._bellator TTTGGATTTGTTTTTTTATTCACAGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCA An._cruzii TTTGGATTTGTTTTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCA Bi._gracilis CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCA Ch._bathana TTAGGGTTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTTTTAGCTAACTCA Ae._caspius TTAGGATTTGTATTCTTATTCACAGTAGGAGGTTTAACTGGGGTTGTTCTAGCTAATTCA Ae._mariae TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTAGGGGGATTAACTGGAGTTGTTCTTGCTAATTCA Ae._cataphylla TTAGGGTTCGTATTTTTATTCACAGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGGGTAGTCCTTGCTAATTCA Ae._punctor TTAGGGTTCGTATTTTTATTCACAGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGGGTAGTCCTTGCTAATTCA Ae._geniculatus TTAGGATTTGTTTTTTTATTCACTGTTGGGGGATTAACTGGAGTAGTTTTAGCCAATTCT Ae._aegypti TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGTTTAACAGGAGTAGTATTAGCTAATTCT Ae._albopictus TTAGGATTTGTTTTTTTATTTACAGTTGGGGGATTAACTGGAGTAATTTTAGCTAATTCA Ae._vexans TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTCACTGTCGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAGTCCTTGCTAATTCA Cx._sitiens CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACCGGGGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._nigropunctatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGTTTAACTGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._pallidothorax TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGGTTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAACTCT Cx._brevipalpis CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTCGTTCTTGCAAATTCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTATTTTAGCTAATTCT Ar._subalbatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAATTTTAGCTAATTCT Ar._magnus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTAGTTCTTGCTAATTCA Mn._uniformis TTAGGATTTATTTTCCTATTCACTGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTATTTTAGCTAATTCA Ad._squamipennis TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGGGGATTAACTGGAGTTATTTTAGCAAATTCA Ur._lowii TTAGGATTCGTTTTCCTTTTCACAGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAGTATTAGCTAATTCA
[181 240] L._migratoria TCTCTAGATATTGTTTTACATGACACATATTATGTAGTAGCACATTTCCACTATGTATTA B._dorsalis TCTGTAGATATTATTCTTCATGACACATATTACGTAGTAGCTCATTTCCACTATGTATTA Tx._splendens TCTATTGATATTGTCCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCACTATGTTTTA Tx._amboinensis TCTATTGATATTGTCCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Tx._rutilus TCAATTGATATTATTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTCTC Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. TCTATTGATATTGTCCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA An._albimanus TCTATTGATATTGTATTACACGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTCCACTATGTTTTA An._albitarsis TCTATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA An._marajoara TCTATTGATATTGTATTACATGACACATACTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA An._rondoni TCAATTGATATTGTATTGCATGACACTTATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 160
An._gambiae TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCACGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA An._stephensi TCAATTGATATTGTTTTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTCTTA An._arabiensis TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCACGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA An._freeborni TCAATTGATATTGTATTACATGACACTTACTATGTCGTTGCTCACTTTCACTATGTTTTA An._earlei TCAATTGACATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCCCATTTTCATTATGTATTA An._quadrimaculatus TCAATTGATATTGTTTTACATGATACATATTATGTAGTTGCCCATTTTCATTATGTGTTA An._bellator TCTATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACTTATTACGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA An._cruzii TCAATTGATATTGTTTTACATGATACTTATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Bi._gracilis TCAATTGATATTGTTTTACATGATACATATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTCCATTATGTTCTT Ch._bathana TCTATTGATATTATTTTACACGACACTTATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTCCATTATGTCTTA Ae._caspius TCAATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCACTTCCATTATGTTCTT Ae._mariae TCACTTGATATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCACTTCCATTATGTTCTT Ae._cataphylla TCTATTGATATTGTACTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTACTA Ae._punctor TCTATTGATATTGTACTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTACTA Ae._geniculatus TCAATTGATATTATTTTACATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCGCATTTTCATTATGTCTTA Ae._aegypti TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCCCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Ae._albopictus TCAATTGATATTGTACTTCACGATACATATTATGTAGTAGCCCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Ae._vexans TCAATTGATATTGTACTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA Cx._sitiens TCTATTGATATCGTATTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TCTATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._nigropunctatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTCCATTATGTTTTA Cx._pallidothorax TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._brevipalpis TCTATTGATATTATTTTACATGATACTTATTACGTAGTTGCTCACTTTCATTATGTTTTA เมื่อCx._Eumelanomyia_sp. 09/10/2564 TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACCTATTATGTAGTTGCACATTTTCATTATGTATTA 02:27:14 Ar._subalbatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCCCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Ar._magnus TCTATTGATATTGTACTTCATGACACTTACTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTTTTA Mn._uniformis TCTATTGATATTATTCTTCATGATACATACTATGTGGTAGCTCATTTTCACTATGTTCTA Ad._squamipennis TCAATTGACATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA Ur._lowii TCAATTGATATTGTTTTACACGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA
[241 300] L._migratoria TCTATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCAATTATAGGAGGAATTATTCAATGATACCCTTTATTTACA B._dorsalis TCAATAGGAGCAGTCTTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCACTGATACCCCCTATTTACA Tx._splendens TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGTTTTATCCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Tx._amboinensis TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Tx._rutilus TCTATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCAATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA An._albimanus TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCAATTATAGCAGGGTTTATTCATTGATACCCATTATTAACA An._albitarsis TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCACTGATACCCATTATTAACA An._marajoara TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCCATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCATTGATACCCACTATTAACA An._rondoni TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCGGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCATTATTAACA An._gambiae TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTACATTGATATCCATTATTAACT An._stephensi TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCACTGATACCCTTTATTAACA An._arabiensis TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTACATTGATACCCATTATTAACT An._freeborni TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCAATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA An._earlei TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCAATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA An._quadrimaculatus TCTATAGGGGCAGTCTTTGCTATTATAGCAGGGTTTATTCATTGATACCCATTACTAACA An._bellator TCAATAGGGGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCACTGATACCCCTTATTAACA An._cruzii TCAATGGGAGCTGTGTTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTCCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Bi._gracilis TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCAATCATAGCTGGATTAATTCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Ch._bathana TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATGGCAGGATTTATTCACTGGTATCCTTTATTAACA Ae._caspius TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACT Ae._mariae TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACT Ae._cataphylla TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCCGGGTTTATTCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Ae._punctor TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCCGGATTTATTCATTGGTACCCTTTATTAACA Ae._geniculatus TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTCATTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Ae._aegypti TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Ae._albopictus TCTATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCATTGATATCCATTATTAACA Ae._vexans TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGTTTCATTCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACT Cx._sitiens TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTATTCATTGATATCCTTTACTAACT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATATCCTTTACTAACT Cx._nigropunctatus TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTACATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Cx._pallidothorax TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCATTGATATCCTCTATTAACA Cx._brevipalpis TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCCCTATTAACT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TCAATAGGGGCCGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Ar._subalbatus TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTCGCAATTATAGGAGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCCTTATTAACT Ar._magnus TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATCCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Mn._uniformis TCTATAGGAGCTGTTTTCGCCATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCACTGATACCCTTTATTAACT Ad._squamipennis TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTCGCAATTATAGCTGGGTTTATTCATTGATATCCTCTTCTTACA Ur._lowii TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTCGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTATCCATTGATACCCTTTATTAACT
[301 360] L._migratoria GGATTAACTATAAATAGTAAATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 161
B._dorsalis GGGCTAGTATTAAATCCTAAATGATTAAAAAGTCAATTTATTATCATATTTATCGGAGTA Tx._splendens GGATTAATAATAAATCCTTTATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTATAATTATATTTATTGGAGTT Tx._amboinensis GGATTAATAATAAATCCTTTATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTATAATTATATTTATTGGAGTT Tx._rutilus GGATTAATTATAAACCCCTTATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTATAATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. GGATTAATAATAAATCCTTTATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTATAATTATATTTATTGGAGTT An._albimanus GGACTAACAATAAATCCTACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCTATAATGTTTGTTGGAGTA An._albitarsis GGATTAACAATAAATCCTACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCTATAATATTTGTTGGAGTA An._marajoara GGATTAACAATAAATCCTACTTGATTAAAGATTCAATTTTCTATAATATTTGTTGGAGTA An._rondoni GGATTAACAATAAATCCTACTTGACTAAAAATTCAATTTTTTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA An._gambiae GGATTAACAATAAATCCAACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCTATTATATTTGTAGGAGTA An._stephensi GGATTAACTATAAACCCTACATGATTAAAAATCCAATTTTCTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA An._arabiensis GGATTAACAATAAATCCAACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCTATTATATTTGTAGGAGTA An._freeborni GGTTTAACAATAAATCCTAATTGATTAAAGTTACAATTTGCAATAATATTTGTTGGAGTA An._earlei GGATTAACTATAAATCCTAGCTGATTAAAATTACAATTTGCAATAATATTTGTTGGAGTA An._quadrimaculatus GGATTAACTATAAACCCTAATTGATTAAAGTTACAATTTGCAATAATATTTGTTGGAGTA An._bellator GGGTTAACAATAAACCCAAGCTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCAATAATATTTATTGGAGTA An._cruzii GGATTAACAATAAATCCAAGTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCAATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Bi._gracilis GGATTAACTATAAACTCAACTTGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTTCAATTATATTCTTAGGAGTA Ch._bathana GGATTAGTTATAAATCCAACTTGATTAAAAAATCAATTTTTTATAATATTTTTAGGTGTA Ae._caspius GGATTAGTTATAAACCCTTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTACTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Ae._mariae GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTACTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Ae._cataphylla GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTGGAATAATATTTATTGGAGTT Ae._punctor GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTGGAATAATATTTATTGGAGTT เมื่อAe._geniculatus 09/10/2564 GGATTAGTAATAAATCCCTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTATTATAATATTTATTGGGGTT 02:27:14 Ae._aegypti GGAATAGTTATAAACCCTTCATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTTAGTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Ae._albopictus GGAATAATTATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAAGCTCAATTTACAATAATATTTATCGGAGTT Ae._vexans GGATTAGTGATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAGGCTCAATTCGCAATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._sitiens GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTCATTGGAGTA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTCATTGGAGTA Cx._nigropunctatus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._pallidothorax GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGGGTA Cx._brevipalpis GGATTAACTATAAATCCTACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATAGGTGTA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTTATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTT Ar._subalbatus GGATTAGTAATAAATTCTTCATGATTAAAAACTCAATTTTTTATAATATTTATTGGAGTT Ar._magnus GGATTAATTATAAATCCTCAATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTTTATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Mn._uniformis GGGCTAGTAATAAACCCCACCTGATTAAAAATTCAATTCTCAATCATATTCATTGGAGTA Ad._squamipennis GGATTAACAATAAACCCAACATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTATAATAATATTTATTGGAGTA Ur._lowii GGATTAATAATAAATCAAACATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTTCAATTATATTTATTGGGGTA
[361 420] L._migratoria AACTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACACTTTCTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT B._dorsalis AATTTAACCTTCTTCCCACAACACTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGTATACCTCGACGATATTCA Tx._splendens AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Tx._amboinensis AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Tx._rutilus AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGTATACCTCGTCGTTATTCA Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA An._albimanus AATTTAACTTTCTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCT An._albitarsis AATTTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAGCATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCT An._marajoara AATTTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCA An._rondoni AATTTAACTTTCTTCCCACAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGGATACCTCGACGATACTCT An._gambiae AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA An._stephensi AATTTAACATTTTTCCCGCAACATTTTCTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA An._arabiensis AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA An._freeborni AATTTAACTTTCTTTCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCAGGGATACCTCGACGATATTCT An._earlei AATTTAACTTTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT An._quadrimaculatus AATTTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGGTTGGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCA An._bellator AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGGATACCCCGACGATATTCA An._cruzii AATTTAACTTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGACTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGTTATTCA Bi._gracilis AATTTAACTTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCACGACGTTATTCA Ch._bathana AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGGATACCTCGACGATACTCT Ae._caspius AATTTAACTTTCTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Ae._mariae AATTTAACTTTCTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCGGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Ae._cataphylla AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCT Ae._punctor AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCT Ae._geniculatus AATTTAACATTTTTTCCACAACATTTCTTGGGATTAGCTGGGATACCTCGACGATACTCA Ae._aegypti AATCTAACTTTCTTTCCCCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Ae._albopictus AATTTAACTTTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGTTACTCT Ae._vexans AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._sitiens AATCTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGTATACCTCGACGATACTCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Cx._nigropunctatus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Cx._pallidothorax AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGACTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._brevipalpis AATCTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 162
Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCAGGAATACCCCGTCGATATTCT Ar._subalbatus AATTTAACTTTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGGTTAGCTGGAATACCCCGACGATATTCA Ar._magnus AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGTATACCTCGTCGTTACTCT Mn._uniformis AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTCTTGGACTTGCAGGAATACCACGACGATACTCA Ad._squamipennis AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCAGGAATGCCTCGACGATACTCT Ur._lowii AATTTAACCTTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT
[421 480] L._migratoria GATTATCCTGACGCTTATACATCATGAAATGTTATCTCCAGAATTGGATCAACAATTTCA B._dorsalis GACTATCCAGATGCTTACACAACATGAAATGTAGTTTCTACTATTGGTTCATCTATTTCT Tx._splendens GATTTTCCAGATAACTATTTATCATGAAATATAATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Tx._amboinensis GATTTTCCAGATAGCTATTTATCATGAAATATAATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Tx._rutilus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTATTTCTTCTTTAGGTAGTTCTATCTCA Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. GATTTTCCAGATAGCTATTTATCATGAAATATAATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT An._albimanus GATTTTCCTGACAGTTACTTAACTTGAAATATTGTATCTTCATTAGGTAGAACAATTTCA An._albitarsis GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA An._marajoara GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACGTGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA An._rondoni GATTTCCCTGATAGTTATTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA An._gambiae GACTTTCCAGATAGCTATTTAACATGAAATGTAGTTTCTTCTTTAGGTAGTACAATCTCA An._stephensi GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATCTATCTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCATTAGGAAGTACAATCTCA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3An._arabiensis GACTTTCCAGATAGCTATTTAACATGAAATGTAGTTTCTTCTTTAGGTAGTACAATCTCA An._freeborni GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTATCTTCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA An._earlei GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAGCATGAAATATTGTATCTTCTTTAGGAAGTACAATCTCA เมื่อAn._quadrimaculatus 09/10/2564 GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCATGAAATATTGTATCATCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT 02:27:14 An._bellator GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACTATTTCT An._cruzii GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTGGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTCTAGGAAGAACTATTTCT Bi._gracilis GATTATCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTATTTCTTCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Ch._bathana GATTTCCCCGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTGTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Ae._caspius GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAGCATGAAATATTATTTCTTCATTAGGAAGAACTATTTCT Ae._mariae GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAGCATGAAATATTATTTCTTCATTAGGAAGAACTATTTCT Ae._cataphylla GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAGCATGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Ae._punctor GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAGCCTGAAATATTGTTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Ae._geniculatus GACTTTCCAGATAGCTACTTAGCTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCACTAGGAAGAACTATTTCT Ae._aegypti GATTTTCCCGATAGTTACTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Ae._albopictus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAATAATTTCT Ae._vexans GATTTTCCAGATAGCTATTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Cx._sitiens GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Cx._nigropunctatus GATTTTCCCGATAGTTATTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGAACAATTTCT Cx._pallidothorax GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCATGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGTACAATTTCT Cx._brevipalpis GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAATATGAAATGTAATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACTATTTCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Ar._subalbatus GATTATCCAGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCTTCATTAGGAAGAACAATCTCT Ar._magnus GACTTTCCTGATAGCTATTTAACTTGAAATATTGTATCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACTATTTCG Mn._uniformis GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATAATTTCTTCCTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCC Ad._squamipennis GATTTTCCTGATAGCTATTTATCATGAAATATTATCTCTTCATTAGGAAGAACAATCTCT Ur._lowii GATTTTCCTGATAGCTATTTAACCTGAAACGTAATTTCATCACTAGGAAGTATAATTTCA
[481 540] L._migratoria ATCACAGGAATTATTATATTCATTTTAATTATATGAGAAAGAATAATTAAGCAACGAAAT B._dorsalis TTACTAGGAATTTTATTCTTCCTATTCATCATTTGAGAAAGTTTAGTAACACAACGACAA Tx._splendens TTATTTGCTATTTTATTTTTTCTTTTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTAAACGAACT Tx._amboinensis ATATTTGCTATTTTATTTTTTCTTTTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTAAACGAACC Tx._rutilus TTAATTGCTATCTTATTTTTCCTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACTAAACGAACT Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. TTATTTGCTATTTTATTTTTTCTTTTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTAAACGAACC An._albimanus TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACTCAACGTACT An._albitarsis TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTTTTGTTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATCACTCAACGAACT An._marajoara TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATCACTCAACGAACT An._rondoni TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACTCAACGAACA An._gambiae TTATTCGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATCACTCAACGAACT An._stephensi TTATTTGCTATTTTGTATTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGTACA An._arabiensis TTATTCGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATCACTCAACGAACT An._freeborni TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGAACA An._earlei TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGAACA An._quadrimaculatus TTATTTGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGAACA An._bellator ATGTTCGCTATTATTTATTTCTTATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTCAGCGAACA An._cruzii TTATTTGCAATCATTTATTTTTTATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTCAACGAACA Bi._gracilis TTATTTGGAATTTTATTCTTTTTATTTATTATATGAGAAAGTATAATTACTCAACGAATA Ch._bathana TTATTCGCCATTATTTACTTTCTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGAACA Ae._caspius TTATTTGCTATTATTTTCTTTATATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGTACT Ae._mariae TTATTTGCTATTATTTTCTTTATATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACACAACGTACT Ae._cataphylla TTATTTGGTATTATTTTCTTTATATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Ae._punctor TTATTTGGTATTATTTTCTTTATATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 163
Ae._geniculatus TTATTTGGAATTATTTTCTTCATATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTGCACAACGTACT Ae._aegypti TTATTTGCCGTTATTTTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACTCAACGAACA Ae._albopictus TTATTTGCTATTATTTTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACACAACGAACT Ae._vexans ATATTTGCTGTAATCTTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTACTCAACGTACA Cx._sitiens TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._nigropunctatus TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGTACT Cx._pallidothorax TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._brevipalpis TTATTTGCAATTATTTTATTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTAAACGAACT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Ar._subalbatus TTATTTGCAATTATTTTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Ar._magnus CTTTTTGCTATTATTTTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGATAGAATAATTTCACAACGAACA Mn._uniformis TTATTAGGTATTTTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAACATCACAACGAACA Ad._squamipennis TTATTTGCTATTATTTTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTGCAATCCGTGTT Ur._lowii TTATTTGGAATTATTTTATTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGAATAATTACTCAACGTTCA
[541 600] L._migratoria GTATTTATTTGAACAAATATAAGAAGATCAACAGAATGATTACAAAATAATCCACCAGCA B._dorsalis GTAATTTACCCTATACAGCTTAGTTCTTCAATTGAATGACTTCAAAATACCCCTCCAGCT Tx._splendens CCTTCTTTTCCAATACAATTATCATCATCTATTGAATGATATCATTCAATACCTCCTATA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Tx._amboinensis CCTTCTTTTCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATTCAATACCTCCTATA Tx._rutilus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCTTCTTCAATTGAATGATATCATTCTATACCTCCTATA Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. CCTTCTTTTCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATTCAATACCTCCTATA เมื่อAn._albimanus 09/10/2564 CCTGCATTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCTTCTATTGAATGATATCATACATTACCCCCTGCA 02:27:14 An._albitarsis CCAGCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCATCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCTGCT An._marajoara CCGGCCTTCCCAATACAATTATCATCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCTGCT An._rondoni CCAGCCTTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCACACTCTTCCTCCTGCA An._gambiae CCAGCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATACCATACCCTTCCTCCTGCA An._stephensi CCTAGTTTTCCTATACAATTGTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACCCTTCCCCCAGCT An._arabiensis CCAGCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATACCATACCCTTCCTCCTGCA An._freeborni CCAGCATTTCCTATACAACTTTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCACCCACTTCCTCCCGCA An._earlei CCAGCATTTCCTATACAACTTTCTTCATCAATTGAGTGATATCACCCTCTTCCTCCAGCA An._quadrimaculatus CCAGCATTCCCAATACAACTTTCTTCATCAATTGAGTGATACCACACCCTACCCCCTGCA An._bellator CCTTCTTTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATACCATACTCTTCCACCAGCT An._cruzii CCTTCTTTCCCAATACAACTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACACTTCCTCCTGCT Bi._gracilis CCTGCATTTCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATGAATTACCACCTGCA Ch._bathana CCTTCTTTCCAAATACAACTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATACCACCCTATACCTCCTGCA Ae._caspius CCTTCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCAGCT Ae._mariae CCTTCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCAGCT Ae._cataphylla CCTTCTTTCCCTATGCAGTTGTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCTGCT Ae._punctor CCTTCTTTCCCTATGCAGTTGTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCTGCT Ae._geniculatus CCCTCTTTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATCCACTTCCTCCTGCT Ae._aegypti CCTTCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACACTTCCTCCTGCA Ae._albopictus CCTTCTTTCCCCATACAACTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTTTACCTCCTGCA Ae._vexans CCATCATTCCCAATACAATTAGCTTCTTCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCTGCA Cx._sitiens CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._nigropunctatus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._pallidothorax CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCCCCTGCA Cx._brevipalpis CCTTTATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCTTCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCAGCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. ATTAATTTCCCGATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGGTATCATCCTCTTCCTCCTGCA Ar._subalbatus CCAGCATTCCCAATACAATTATCATCATCTATTGAATGATACCAAACCCTTCCTCCTATA Ar._magnus CCTTCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATTCTTTACCTCCAGCA Mn._uniformis TTAACATTCCCAATACAACTTTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATTCCATCCTTTACCTCCAGCT Ad._squamipennis CCTTCTTTTCCAATACAACTTTCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCAAAATCTTCCACCAGCT Ur._lowii ACAGATATACCTATACAATTATCGTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATCCTATACCACCAGCA
[601 642] L._migratoria GAACACAGATACTCAGAACTACCACTATTAATTTATAGATTC B._dorsalis GAACACAGTTATTCAGAACTACCTCTTTTAACTAATATCTAA Tx._splendens GAACATACATATTCTGAATTACCTATTTTATCATCAAATTTC Tx._amboinensis GAACATACATATTCTGAATTACCT------Tx._rutilus GAACACACATATTCAGAACTTCCTATTTTATCATCAAATTTC Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. GAACATACATATTCTGAATTACCTATTTTATCTTCAAATTTC An._albimanus GAACATACATATGCAGAATTACCA------An._albitarsis GAACATACTTATGCAGAGTTACCA------An._marajoara GAACATACTTATGCAGAGTTACCA------An._rondoni GAACATACTTATGCAGAATTACCA------An._gambiae GAACATACTTATGCAGAGCTTCCTCTATTAACTAATAACTTC An._stephensi GAGCATACATATGCAGAGCTTCCTTTATTAACTAATAATTTC An._arabiensis GAACATACTTATGCAGAGCTTCCT------An._freeborni GAACATACTTATGCTGAATTACCA------An._earlei GAACATACTTATGCTGAACTACCGTTATTAACTAATAATTTC Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 164
An._quadrimaculatus GAACATACTTATGCAGAATTACCATTATTAACTAATAATTTC An._bellator GAGCATACTTACGCAGAATTACCA------An._cruzii GAACATACTTATGCAGAATTACCA------Bi._gracilis GAACATACTTATTCTGAACTTCCT------Ch._bathana GAACATACTTATGCTGAATTACCT------Ae._caspius GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTAC------Ae._mariae GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTAC------Ae._cataphylla GAACACACATATTCAGAATTAC------Ae._punctor GAACACACATATTCAGAATTAC------Ae._geniculatus GAACATACTTATTCAGAACTAC------Ae._aegypti GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTACCACTACTTTCTTCTAATTTC Ae._albopictus GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTACCTCTTCTTTCTTCTAATTTC Ae._vexans GAACATACTTATTCAGAATTAC------Cx._sitiens GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._nigropunctatus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._pallidothorax GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._brevipalpis GAACATACTTACTCAGAACTTCCTTTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GAACATACCTATGCAGAACTGCCTTTATTATCATCTAATTTC Ar._subalbatus GAACACTCTTATTCAGAACTTCCATTAATTTCTTCTAATTTC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Ar._magnus GAGCATACTTATTCAGAATTACCACTAATTTCTTCTAATTTC Mn._uniformis GAACATACTTATGCTGAACTCCCTCTTTTATCATCTAATTTC Ad._squamipennis GAACATAGCTATTCTGAATTGCCA------เมื่อUr._lowii 09/10/2564 GAACATACTTACGCAGAATTACCT------02:27:14 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 165
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX D Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 166
APPENDIX D AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF MOSQUITOES IN THE FAMILY CULICIDAE
[1 60] L._migratoria RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKVFR.IATLYGTKFKFNPPLL.ALGFIFLFTIGGLTGLVLANS B._dorsalis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYSPAIL.ALGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Tx._splendens RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFR.LATFHGTQLNLNPTLL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Tx._amboinensis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFR.LATFHGTQLNLNPTLL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Tx._rutilus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYNPTLL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFR.LATFHGTQLNLNPTLL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS An._albimanus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAILWAFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3An._albitarsis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._marajoara RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._rondoni RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYRPAML.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS เมื่อAn._gambiae 09/10/2564 RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS 02:27:14 An._stephensi RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._arabiensis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._freeborni RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATIHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._earlei RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATIHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._quadrimaculatus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATIHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._bellator RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFR.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._cruzii RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFR.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.SFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Bi._gracilis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFR.LATIHGTQFTYSPAIL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ch._bathana RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYSPALL.ALGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._caspius RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._mariae RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYRPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._cataphylla RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._punctor RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._geniculatus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._aegypti RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Ae._albopictus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Ae._vexans RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._sitiens RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._tritaeniorhynchus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._nigropunctatus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._pallidothorax RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._brevipalpis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQFNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Ar._subalbatus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQFTYRPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Ar._magnus RAYFTSATIIIAIPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Mn._uniformis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.SLGFIFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Ad._squamipennis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYSPTLL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS Ur._lowii RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQFNYSPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS
[61 120] L._migratoria SLDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIGGIIQ.YPLFTGLTINSK.LKIQFTIIFIGV B._dorsalis SVDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLFTGLVLNPK.LKSQFIIIFIGV Tx._splendens SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLIINPL.LKIQFIIIFIGV Tx._amboinensis SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLIINPL.LKIQFIIIFIGV Tx._rutilus SIDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLIINPL.LKIQFIIIFIGV Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLIINPL.LKIQFIIIFIGV An._albimanus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIMFVGV An._albitarsis SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIIFVGV An._marajoara SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIIFVGV An._rondoni SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFFIIFIGV An._gambiae SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIIFVGV An._stephensi SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIIFIGV An._arabiensis SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIIFVGV An._freeborni SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPN.LKLQFAIIFVGV An._earlei SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPS.LKLQFAIIFVGV An._quadrimaculatus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLTINPN.LKLQFAIIFVGV An._bellator SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPS.LKIQFSIIFIGV An._cruzii SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSMGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPS.LKIQFSIIFIGV Bi._gracilis SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGLIH.YPLLTGLTINST.LKAQFSIIFLGV Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 167
Ch._bathana SIDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIMAGFIHWYPLLTGLVINPT.LKNQFFIIFLGV Ae._caspius SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKAQFTIIFIGV Ae._mariae SLDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKAQFTIIFIGV Ae._cataphylla SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKAQFGIIFIGV Ae._punctor SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIHWYPLLTGLVINPS.LKAQFGIIFIGV Ae._geniculatus SIDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKAQFIIIFIGV Ae._aegypti SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGIVINPS.LKAQFSIIFIGV Ae._albopictus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGIIINPS.LKAQFTIIFIGV Ae._vexans SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKAQFAIIFIGV Cx._sitiens SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._tritaeniorhynchus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._nigropunctatus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._pallidothorax SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._brevipalpis SIDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPL.LKIQFTIIFIGV Ar._subalbatus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIGGFIH.YPLLTGLVINSS.LKTQFFIIFIGV Ar._magnus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLIINPQ.LKIQFFIIFIGV Mn._uniformis SIDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFSIIFIGV Ad._squamipennis SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFIIIFIGV 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Ur._lowii SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLIINQT.LKIQFSIIFIGV [121 180] L._migratoria NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDYPDAYTS.NVISRIGSTISITGIIIFILII.ERIIKQRN เมื่อB._dorsalis 09/10/2564 NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDYPDAYTT.NVVSTIGSSISLLGILFFLFII.ESLVTQRQ 02:27:14 Tx._splendens NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDNYLS.NIISSLGRTISLFAILFFLFII.ERIITKRT Tx._amboinensis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLS.NIISSLGRTISIFAILFFLFII.ERIITKRT Tx._rutilus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIISSLGSSISLIAILFFLFII.ESIITKRT Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLS.NIISSLGRTISLFAILFFLFII.ERIITKRT An._albimanus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._albitarsis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._marajoara NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._rondoni NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._gambiae NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NVVSSLGSTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._stephensi NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLS.NIISSLGSTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._arabiensis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NVVSSLGSTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._freeborni NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._earlei NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGSTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._quadrimaculatus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT An._bellator NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISMFAIIYFLFII.ERIITQRT An._cruzii NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFAIIYFLFII.ERIITQRT Bi._gracilis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDYPDSYLT.NIISSLGRTISLFGILFFLFII.ESIITQRI Ch._bathana NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAIIYFLFII.ESIITQRT Ae._caspius NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIISSLGRTISLFAIIFFIFII.ESIITQRT Ae._mariae NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIISSLGRTISLFAIIFFIFII.ESIITQRT Ae._cataphylla NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIIFFIFII.ESIISQRT Ae._punctor NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIIFFIFII.ESIISQRT Ae._geniculatus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIISSLGRTISLFGIIFFIFII.ESIIAQRT Ae._aegypti NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIISSLGRTISLFAVIFFLFII.ESIITQRT Ae._albopictus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIISSLGRIISLFAIIFFLFII.ERIITQRT Ae._vexans NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISIFAVIFFLFII.ESIITQRT Cx._sitiens NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGSTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGSTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._nigropunctatus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._pallidothorax NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGSTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._brevipalpis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLI.NVISSLGRTISLFAIILFLFII.ESIISKRT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIISSLGRTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Ar._subalbatus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDYPDSYLT.NIISSLGRTISLFAIIFFLFII.ESIISQRT Ar._magnus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAIIFFLFII.DRIISQRT Mn._uniformis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIISSLGRTISLLGILFFLFII.ERITSQRT Ad._squamipennis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGMPRRYSDFPDSYLS.NIISSLGRTISLFAIIFFLFII.ERIIAIRV Ur._lowii NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NVISSLGSIISLFGIILFLFII.ERIITQRS
[181 214] L._migratoria VFI.TNIRRSTE.LQNNPPAEHRYSELPLLIYRF B._dorsalis VIYPIQLSSSIE.LQNTPPAEHSYSELPLLTNI. Tx._splendens PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHSIPPIEHTYSELPILSSNF Tx._amboinensis PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHSIPPIEHTYSELP------Tx._rutilus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHSIPPIEHTYSELPILSSNF Tx._Toxorhynchites_sp. PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHSIPPIEHTYSELPILSSNF An._albimanus PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------An._albitarsis PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------An._marajoara PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------An._rondoni PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 168
An._gambiae PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLTNNF An._stephensi PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLTNNF An._arabiensis PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------An._freeborni PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHPLPPAEHTYAELP------An._earlei PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHPLPPAEHTYAELPLLTNNF An._quadrimaculatus PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLTNNF An._bellator PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------An._cruzii PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELP------Bi._gracilis PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHELPPAEHTYSELP------Ch._bathana PSFQIQLSSSIE.YHPIPPAEHTYAELP------Ae._caspius PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELP------Ae._mariae PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELP------Ae._cataphylla PSFPMQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELP------Ae._punctor PSFPMQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELP------Ae._geniculatus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHPLPPAEHTYSELP------Ae._aegypti PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELPLLSSNF Ae._albopictus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELPLLSSNF Ae._vexans PSFPIQLASSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELP------Cx._sitiens PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._tritaeniorhynchus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._nigropunctatus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._pallidothorax PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._brevipalpis PLFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELPLLSSNF เมื่อCx._Eumelanomyia_sp. 09/10/2564 INFPIQLSSSIEWYHPLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF 02:27:14 Ar._subalbatus PAFPIQLSSSIE.YQTLPPIEHSYSELPLISSNF Ar._magnus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHSLPPAEHTYSELPLISSNF Mn._uniformis LTFPIQLSSSIE.FHPLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Ad._squamipennis PSFPIQLSSSIE.YQNLPPAEHSYSELP------Ur._lowii TDIPIQLSSSIE.YHPIPPAEHTYAELP------Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 169
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX E Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 170
APPENDIX E NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF MOSQUITOES IN THE GENUS CULEX
[1 60] L._migratoria CGAGCTTATTTCACCTCAGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAGGTATTC B._dorsalis CGTGCCTATTTCACTTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCGGTACCCACAGGTATTAAAATTTTT An._gambiae CGAGCTTACTTTACATCAGCAACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCAACTGGAATTAAGATTTTT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC Cx._quinquefasciatus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCCGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._sitiens CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCCACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._gelidus CGAGCCTATTTCACTTCTGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCAACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._vishnui CGAGCTTACTTTACTTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAGATTTTT Cx._whitmorei CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT เมื่อCx._fuscocephala 09/10/2564 CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCAGCAACAATAATTATTGCTGTGCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC 02:27:14 Cx._tarsalis CGAGCTTATTTTACATCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCCACAGGTATTAAAATTTTT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. CGAGCTTATTTTACCTCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCAGTTCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._brevipalpis CGTGCCTATTTTACATCAGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTACCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._nigropunctatus CGAGCTTATTTTACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTT Cx._pallidothorax CGAGCTTATTTCACTTCTGCTACAATAATTATTGCTGTTCCTACAGGAATTAAAATTTTC
[61 120] L._migratoria AGATGAATAGCAACATTATACGGAACTAAATTCAAATTCAATCCACCATTATTATGAGCA B._dorsalis AGTTGACTGGCTACATTACACGGTACACAATTAAACTATTCACCAGCCATATTGTGAGCC An._gambiae AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACACGGAACACAATTGACTTATAGCCCAGCTATATTGTGAGCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAAACTATACGCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._quinquefasciatus AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._sitiens AGTTGATTAGCCACTCTCCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus AGCTGATTAGCTACTCTCCATGGGACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._gelidus AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACTCAATTAAATTATACTCCAGCATTATTATGATCT Cx._vishnui AGTTGATTAGCTACATTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTACACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._whitmorei AGTTGATTAGCTACATTGCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACACCTGCATTACTATGATCA Cx._fuscocephala AGTTGATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCA Cx._tarsalis AGTTGATTAGCTACTTTGCATGGTACACAATTAAATTATACTCCTGCATTACTATGATCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. AGTTGATTAGCTACTTTACATGGAACACAATTAAATTATACTCCCGCATTGCTTTGATCT Cx._brevipalpis AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTTAATTATACTCCAGCATTATTATGATCT Cx._nigropunctatus AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAAATTATACTCCAGCTTTATTATGATCT Cx._pallidothorax AGTTGATTAGCTACTCTTCATGGAACTCAATTAAACTATACTCCTGCTTTATTATGATCT
[121 180] L._migratoria TTAGGATTTATTTTCCTATTTACAATAGGAGGTTTAACTGGTCTTGTACTTGCAAATTCA B._dorsalis CTAGGGTTTGTATTCCTATTTACAGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTAGTTCTTGCTAATTCA An._gambiae TTTGGATTCGTTTTCTTATTTACAGTTGGTGGTCTAACAGGAGTTGTACTAGCTAATTCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._quinquefasciatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGTTTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._sitiens CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACCGGGGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._gelidus CTAGGGTTTGTATTTTTATTCACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._vishnui TTAGGATTTGTATTCTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._whitmorei TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._fuscocephala TTAGGGTTTGTATTCTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACAGGGGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCA Cx._tarsalis CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGTGTGGTTTTAGCTAATTCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTTGGAGGATTAACTGGAGTTATTTTAGCTAATTCT Cx._brevipalpis CTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGATTAACAGGAGTCGTTCTTGCAAATTCT Cx._nigropunctatus TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACAGTTGGAGGTTTAACTGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAATTCT Cx._pallidothorax TTAGGATTTGTATTTTTATTTACTGTAGGAGGGTTAACAGGAGTTGTATTAGCTAACTCT
[181 240] L._migratoria TCTCTAGATATTGTTTTACATGACACATATTATGTAGTAGCACATTTCCACTATGTATTA B._dorsalis TCTGTAGATATTATTCTTCATGACACATATTACGTAGTAGCTCATTTCCACTATGTATTA An._gambiae TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCACGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTCCATTATGTATTA Cx._quinquefasciatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._sitiens TCTATTGATATCGTATTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 171
Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TCTATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACTTATTATGTTGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._gelidus TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._vishnui TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTAGCCCACTTCCACTATGTACTA Cx._whitmorei TCAATTGATATTGTATTACATGATACATATTATGTTGTTGCCCACTTCCATTATGTATTA Cx._fuscocephala TCTATTGATATTGTATTACACGATACATATTACGTAGTTGCTCACTTCCATTATGTTCTA Cx._tarsalis TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTAGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TCAATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACCTATTATGTAGTTGCACATTTTCATTATGTATTA Cx._brevipalpis TCTATTGATATTATTTTACATGATACTTATTACGTAGTTGCTCACTTTCATTATGTTTTA Cx._nigropunctatus TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACATATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTCCATTATGTTTTA Cx._pallidothorax TCTATTGATATTGTTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTTGTAGCTCATTTTCATTATGTATTA
[241 300] L._migratoria TCTATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCAATTATAGGAGGAATTATTCAATGATACCCTTTATTTACA B._dorsalis TCAATAGGAGCAGTCTTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCACTGATACCCCCTATTTACA An._gambiae TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTACATTGATATCCATTATTAACT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Cx._quinquefasciatus TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGGTTTATTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACT Cx._sitiens TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTATTCATTGATATCCTTTACTAACT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TCAATAGGAGCAGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATATCCTTTACTAACT Cx._gelidus TCAATAGGGGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTATCCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._vishnui TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCATTATTAACA Cx._whitmorei TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCTGGATTTGTACATTGATACCCTTTATTAACT Cx._fuscocephala TCTATGGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATGGCTGGATTTGTTCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACA เมื่อCx._tarsalis 09/10/2564 TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTGCATTGATATCCTTTATTAACT 02:27:14 Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. TCAATAGGGGCCGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCACTGATATCCTTTATTAACA Cx._brevipalpis TCTATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTTCATTGATACCCCCTATTAACT Cx._nigropunctatus TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTTGTACATTGATACCCTTTATTAACA Cx._pallidothorax TCAATAGGAGCTGTATTTGCTATTATAGCAGGATTCGTTCATTGATATCCTCTATTAACA
[301 360] L._migratoria GGATTAACTATAAATAGTAAATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA B._dorsalis GGGCTAGTATTAAATCCTAAATGATTAAAAAGTCAATTTATTATCATATTTATCGGAGTA An._gambiae GGATTAACAATAAATCCAACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTTCTATTATATTTGTAGGAGTA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus GGATTAGTAATAAACCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._quinquefasciatus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAGGTTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._sitiens GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTCATTGGAGTA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTCATTGGAGTA Cx._gelidus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._vishnui GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAAATTCAACTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._whitmorei GGATTAGTAATAAATCCAACATGATTGAAAATTCAATTTACAATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._fuscocephala GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATCGGAGTA Cx._tarsalis GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTTATGACTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTT Cx._brevipalpis GGATTAACTATAAATCCTACTTGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATAGGTGTA Cx._nigropunctatus GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTACATGATTAAAGATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGAGTA Cx._pallidothorax GGATTAGTAATAAATCCTTCATGATTAAAAATTCAATTTACTATTATATTTATTGGGGTA
[361 420] L._migratoria AACTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACACTTTCTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT B._dorsalis AATTTAACCTTCTTCCCACAACACTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGTATACCTCGACGATATTCA An._gambiae AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Cx._quinquefasciatus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._sitiens AATCTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGTATACCTCGACGATACTCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCA Cx._gelidus AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGACTTGCTGGTATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._vishnui AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._whitmorei AATTTAACATTCTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCTGGAATACCACGACGATACTCT Cx._fuscocephala AATTTAACATTCTTTCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT Cx._tarsalis AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACACTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. AATTTAACATTTTTTCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGTTTAGCAGGAATACCCCGTCGATATTCT Cx._brevipalpis AATCTAACCTTTTTCCCTCAACATTTTTTAGGATTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATACTCA Cx._nigropunctatus AATTTAACATTTTTCCCACAACATTTCTTAGGATTAGCCGGAATACCACGACGATATTCT Cx._pallidothorax AATTTAACATTTTTCCCTCAACATTTCTTAGGACTAGCAGGAATACCTCGACGATATTCT
[421 480] L._migratoria GATTATCCTGACGCTTATACATCATGAAATGTTATCTCCAGAATTGGATCAACAATTTCA B._dorsalis GACTATCCAGATGCTTACACAACATGAAATGTAGTTTCTACTATTGGTTCATCTATTTCT An._gambiae GACTTTCCAGATAGCTATTTAACATGAAATGTAGTTTCTTCTTTAGGTAGTACAATCTCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCATGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGAACAATTTCA Cx._quinquefasciatus GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCTTTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Cx._sitiens GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 172
Cx._gelidus GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACCTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCACTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Cx._vishnui GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTGGGAAGTACAATTTCA Cx._whitmorei GATTTCCCTGATAGTTATTTAGCATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTAGGTAGTACAATTTCA Cx._fuscocephala GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCTTCTTTAGGTAGAACAATTTCA Cx._tarsalis GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACATGAAATATTGTATCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GATTTTCCTGATAGTTATTTAACTTGAAATATTATTTCATCATTAGGAAGAACAATTTCT Cx._brevipalpis GATTTTCCAGATAGTTATTTAATATGAAATGTAATTTCTTCTTTAGGAAGAACTATTTCA Cx._nigropunctatus GATTTTCCCGATAGTTATTTAGCTTGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGAACAATTTCT Cx._pallidothorax GATTTTCCAGATAGTTACTTAGCATGAAATATTGTTTCATCATTAGGTAGTACAATTTCT
[481 540] L._migratoria ATCACAGGAATTATTATATTCATTTTAATTATATGAGAAAGAATAATTAAGCAACGAAAT B._dorsalis TTACTAGGAATTTTATTCTTCCTATTCATCATTTGAGAAAGTTTAGTAACACAACGACAA An._gambiae TTATTCGCTATTTTATACTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATCACTCAACGAACT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus TTATTTGGAATTGTATTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._quinquefasciatus TTATTTGGGATTGTATTATTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._sitiens TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._gelidus TTATTTGCTATTGTATTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATGGTTTCTCAACGAACT Cx._vishnui TTATTTGCTATTGTATTCTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._whitmorei TTATTTGCTATTGTATTCTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATGGTTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._fuscocephala TTATTTGCTATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA Cx._tarsalis TTATTTGGTATTGTATTCTTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA เมื่อCx._Eumelanomyia_sp. 09/10/2564 TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTCATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACT 02:27:14 Cx._brevipalpis TTATTTGCAATTATTTTATTTTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTAAACGAACT Cx._nigropunctatus TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGTACT Cx._pallidothorax TTATTTGGAATTGTATTTTTCTTATTTATTATTTGAGAAAGTATAATTTCTCAACGAACA
[541 600] L._migratoria GTATTTATTTGAACAAATATAAGAAGATCAACAGAATGATTACAAAATAATCCACCAGCA B._dorsalis GTAATTTACCCTATACAGCTTAGTTCTTCAATTGAATGACTTCAAAATACCCCTCCAGCT An._gambiae CCAGCTTTCCCTATACAATTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATACCATACCCTTCCTCCTGCA Cx._bitaeniorhynchus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._quinquefasciatus CCTTCATTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._sitiens CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._tritaeniorhynchus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._gelidus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAAGGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._vishnui CCTTCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._whitmorei CCATCATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._fuscocephala CCTTCATTCCCAATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCGCCTGCA Cx._tarsalis CCTTCATTCCCAATACAATTATCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. ATTAATTTCCCGATACAATTATCTTCATCTATTGAATGGTATCATCCTCTTCCTCCTGCA Cx._brevipalpis CCTTTATTCCCTATACAATTATCTTCTTCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCTCCAGCT Cx._nigropunctatus CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCACCTGCA Cx._pallidothorax CCTTCATTCCCTATACAACTTTCATCATCAATTGAATGATATCATACTCTTCCCCCTGCA
[601 642] L._migratoria GAACACAGATACTCAGAACTACCACTATTAATTTATAGATTC B._dorsalis GAACACAGTTATTCAGAACTACCTCTTTTAACTAATATCTAA An._gambiae GAACATACTTATGCAGAGCTTCCTCTATTAACTAATAACTTC Cx._bitaeniorhynchus GAACATACATATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._quinquefasciatus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._sitiens GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._tritaeniorhynchus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._gelidus GAACATACTTACGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._vishnui GAACACACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._whitmorei GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._fuscocephala GAACATACTTACGCAGAACTTCCACTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._tarsalis GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. GAACATACCTATGCAGAACTGCCTTTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._brevipalpis GAACATACTTACTCAGAACTTCCTTTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._nigropunctatus GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Cx._pallidothorax GAACATACTTATGCAGAACTTCCATTATTATCATCTAATTTC Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 173
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APPENDIX F Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 174
APPENDIX F AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF MOSQUITOES IN THE GENUS CULEX
[1 60] L._migratoria RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKVFR.IATLYGTKFKFNPPLL.ALGFIFLFTIGGLTGLVLANS B._dorsalis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYSPAIL.ALGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS An._gambiae RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLTYSPAIL.AFGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._bitaeniorhynchus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._quinquefasciatus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._sitiens RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._tritaeniorhynchus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._gelidus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._vishnui RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._whitmorei RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Cx._fuscocephala RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._tarsalis RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVILANS เมื่อCx._brevipalpis 09/10/2564 RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQFNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS 02:27:14 Cx._nigropunctatus RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS Cx._pallidothorax RAYFTSATIIIAVPTGIKIFS.LATLHGTQLNYTPALL.SLGFVFLFTVGGLTGVVLANS
[61 120] L._migratoria SLDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIGGIIQ.YPLFTGLTINSK.LKIQFTIIFIGV B._dorsalis SVDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLFTGLVLNPK.LKSQFIIIFIGV An._gambiae SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFSIIFVGV Cx._bitaeniorhynchus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._quinquefasciatus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKVQFTIIFIGV Cx._sitiens SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._tritaeniorhynchus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._gelidus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFIH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._vishnui SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQLTIIFIGV Cx._whitmorei SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._fuscocephala SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSMGAVFAIMAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._tarsalis SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPL.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._brevipalpis SIDIILHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLTINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._nigropunctatus SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPT.LKIQFTIIFIGV Cx._pallidothorax SIDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSIGAVFAIIAGFVH.YPLLTGLVINPS.LKIQFTIIFIGV
[121 180] L._migratoria NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDYPDAYTS.NVISRIGSTISITGIIIFILII.ERIIKQRN B._dorsalis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDYPDAYTT.NVVSTIGSSISLLGILFFLFII.ESLVTQRQ An._gambiae NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NVVSSLGSTISLFAILYFLFII.ESIITQRT Cx._bitaeniorhynchus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._quinquefasciatus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIVLFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._sitiens NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGSTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._tritaeniorhynchus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGSTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._gelidus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESMVSQRT Cx._vishnui NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGSTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._whitmorei NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGSTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESMVSQRT Cx._fuscocephala NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFAIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._tarsalis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLT.NIISSLGRTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._brevipalpis NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLI.NVISSLGRTISLFAIILFLFII.ESIISKRT Cx._nigropunctatus NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGRTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT Cx._pallidothorax NLTFFPQHFLGLAGIPRRYSDFPDSYLA.NIVSSLGSTISLFGIVFFLFII.ESIISQRT
214] L._migratoria VFI.TNIRRSTE.LQNNPPAEHRYSELPLLIYRF B._dorsalis VIYPIQLSSSIE.LQNTPPAEHSYSELPLLTNI. An._gambiae PAFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLTNNF Cx._bitaeniorhynchus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._quinquefasciatus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._sitiens PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._tritaeniorhynchus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._gelidus PSFPIQLSSSIEGYHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 175
Cx._vishnui PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._whitmorei PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._fuscocephala PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._tarsalis PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._Eumelanomyia_sp. INFPIQLSSSIEWYHPLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._brevipalpis PLFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYSELPLLSSNF Cx._nigropunctatus PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF Cx._pallidothorax PSFPIQLSSSIE.YHTLPPAEHTYAELPLLSSNF
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 176
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APPENDIX G Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 177
APPENDIX G NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF NS-5 GENE OF MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES
[1 60] CFA GCTCTGGAAAAGTCAACAACGATCGGTCTGGGAATGAAATGGAAGATGACTCTGAATGCT JEBeijing1 GGA------AGGCCTGGGGGCAGGACGCTAGGGGAGCAATGGAAGGAAAAACTAAATGCC JEJa0ArS982 GGA------AGGCCCGGGGGCAGGACGCTAGGGGAGCAATGGAAGGAAAAACTAAACGCT JEK94P05 GGA------GGGCCTGGAGGCAGGACGCTATGGGAGCAGTGGAAGGAAAAGTTGAATGCT JELing GGA------AGGCCCGGGGGCAGGACGCTAGGGGAGCAATGGAAGGAAAAACTAAATGCC JEVellorep20778 GGA------AGGCCCGGGGGCAGGACGTTAGGGGAGCAGTGGAAGGAAAAACTAAATGCC KunjinMRM61C GGT------GGGGCAAAAGGACGCACCTTGGGGGAGGTTTGGAAAGAAAGACTTAACCAG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3MVE GGA------AGAGCAGGAGGAAGAACTCTCGGAGAGCAATGGAAAGAAAAGCTAAATGCC TBEVasilchenko GGT------GGCGCTGAAGGAGACACACTTGGTGACCTCTGGAAACAGAGACTGAACAGC WN2741 GGT------GGGGCAAAAGGACGCACCTTGGGAGAGGTTTGGAAAGAAAGACTCAACCAG เมื่อWNChin01 09/10/2564 GGT------GGGGCAAAGGGACGCACCTTGGGAGAGGTTTGGAAAGAAAGACTCAACCAG 02:27:14 WNNY99eqhs GGT------GGGGCAAAAGGACGCACCTTGGGAGAGGTTTGGAAAGAAAGACTCAACCAG Den1280par00 GGT---ACGGGGGCTCAAGGAGAAACACTGGGAGAGAAATGGAAAAGACAGTTAAACCAA Den1293arg00 GGT---ACGGGGGCTCAAGGAGAAACACTGGGAGAGAAATGGAAAAGACAGTTAAACCAA DEN1S27590 GGT---ACGGGAGCCAAGGGGAAACACTGGGAGAGAAATGGAAAAGACAGACTGAACCAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GGA---ACTGGCAACATAGGAGAGACACTTGGAGAAAAATGGAAAAGCCGATTGAACGCA Den2NewGuineaC GGA---ACTGGCAACATAGGAGAGACGCTTGGAGAGAAATGGAAAAGCCGATTGAACGCA Den2TSV01 GGA---ACTGGCAACACAGGAGAGACGCTTGGAGAGAAATGGAAAAACCGGTTGAATGCA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GGA---ACAGGGTCACAAGGTGAAACCTTAGGAGAAAAGTGGAAAAAGAAATTAAATCAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GGA---ACAGGCTCACAAGGTGAAACCTTAGGAGAAAAATGGAAAAAGAAATTAAATCAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GGA---ACAGGCTCACAAGGTGAAACTTTAGGAGAAAAATGGAAAAAGAAATTAAATCAA Den4 GGA---ACTGGGACCACAGGAGAGACACTGGGAGAGAAGTGGAAGAGACAGCTAAACTCA Den4814669 GGA---ACTGGGACCACAGGAGAGACACTGGGAGAGAAGTGGAAGAGACAGCTAAACTCA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GGA---ACTGGTACCACAGGAGAGACACTGGGAGAAAAGTGGAAGAGACAGCTAAACTCA YF8582H GGG---AGG---GCGAATGGAAAAACTCTGGGTGAAGTCTGGAAAAGGGAGCTGAACCTG YFTrinidad79A788 GGG---ACA---GCGAATGGAAAAACTTTGGGTGAAGTCTGGAAGAGGGAACTGAATCTG
[61 120] CFA CTTGACGGAGATGCATTCACAAGATACAAATCACGCGGGGTAAATGAGACGGAGCGG--- JEBeijing1 ATGAGCAGAGAAGAGTTTTTCAAATATCGGAGAGAGGCCATAATCGAGGTGGACCGCACT JEJa0ArS982 ATGAGCAGAGAAGAGTTTTTTAAATACCGAAGAGAGGCCATAATCGAGGTGGACCGCACT JEK94P05 ATGAGCAGGGATGAGTTCTTCAAATACAGAAGAGAGGCCATAATTGAGGTGGACCGCACT JELing ATGAGCAGAGAAGAGTTTTTCAAATACCGAAGAGAGGCCATAATCGAGGTGGACCGCACT JEVellorep20778 ATGAGCAGAGAAGAGTTTTTTAAATACAGGAGAGAGGCCATAATCGAGGTGGACCGCACT KunjinMRM61C ATGACGAAAGAAGAATTCATCAGGTACCGTAAAGAAGCCATCACTGAAGTCGACCGCTCA MVE ATGGGTAAAGAAGAATTCTTCAGCTATCGGAAAGAAGCCATCTTGGAGGTGGATAGAACC TBEVasilchenko TGCACCAAGGAGGAATTCTTTGTCTACAGACGCACTGGCATTCTGGAGACGGAGAGAGAC WN2741 ATGACAAAAGAAGAGTTCACTAGGTACCGCAAAGAGGCCATCATCGAAGTCGATCGCTCA WNChin01 ATGACAAAAGAAGAGTTCACTAGGTACCGCAAAGAGGCCATCATCGAAGTCGATCGCTCA WNNY99eqhs ATGACAAAAGAAGAGTTCACTAGGTACCGCAAAGAGGCCATCATCGAAGTCGATCGCTCA Den1280par00 CTGAGCAAGTCAGAATTCAACACCTACAAAAGGAGTGGGATTATGGAGGTGGACAGATCC Den1293arg00 CTGAGCAAGTCAGAATTCAACACCTACAAAAGGAGTGGGATTATGGAGGTGGACAGATCC DEN1S27590 CTGAGCAAGTCAGAATTCAACACTTACAAAAGGAGTGGGATTATGGAAGTGGACAGATCC Den2JamaicaN1409 CTGGGAAAAAGTGAATTTCAGATCTACAAGAAAAGTGGAATCCAGGAAGTGGATAGAACC Den2NewGuineaC TTGGGGAAAAGTGAATTCCAGATCTACAAGAAAAGTGGAATCCAGGAAGTGGATAGAACC Den2TSV01 TTGGGGAAGAGTGAATTCCAGATCTATAAGAAAAGTGGAATCCAGGAAGTGGATAGAACC Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTATCCCGGAAAGAGTTTGACCTTTACAAGAAATCCGGAATCACCGAAGTGGATAGAACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTATCCCGGAAAGAGTTTGACCTTTACAAGAAATCTGGAATCACTGAAGTGGATAGAACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTATCCCGGAAAGAGTTTGACCTTTACAAGAAATCTGGAATCACTGAAGTGGATAGAACA Den4 TTAGACAGAAAAGAGTTTGAAGAGTATAAAAGAAGTGGAATACTAGAAGTGGACAGGACT Den4814669 TTAGACAGAAGAGAGTTTGAAGAGTATAAAAGAAGTGGAATACTAGAAGTGGACAGGACT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CTAGATAGGAAGGAGTTTGAAGAGTACAAAAGAAGTGGCATACTAGAAGTGGACAGGACT YF8582H CTGGACAGGCAGCAGTTTGAGCTGTACAAAAGGACTGACATTGTGGAGGTGGACCGTGAC YFTrinidad79A788 TTGGACAAGCAACAGTTTGAGTTGTATAAAAGGACCGACATTGTGGAGGTGGATCGTGAT
[121 180] CFA ------GGTGACTATGTCTCTCGTGGC JEBeijing1 GAAGCACGCAGGGCTAGACGTGAAAATAACATAGTGGGAGGACATCCGGTTTCGCGAGGC JEJa0ArS982 GAAGCACGCAGGGCTAGACGTGAAAACAACATAGTGGGAGGACATCCGGTTTCGCGAGGC JEK94P05 GAAGCACGCAGGGCTAGGCGCGAGAACAACATAGTGGGAGGACATCCAGTCTCGCGAGGG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 178
JELing GAAGCACGCAGGGCTAGACGTGAAAACAACATAGTGGGAGGACATCCGGTTTCGCGAGGC JEVellorep20778 GAAGCACGCAGGGCTAGACGTGAAAACAACATAGTGGGAGGGCATCCGGTTTCGCGAGGC KunjinMRM61C GCAGCAAAACACGCTAGGAAGGAAAGGAATATCACTGGAGGGCATCCAGTTTCTAGAGGC MVE GAAGCCAGAAGGGCCAGAAGAGAGGGAAACAAGGTAGGAGGCCACCCAGTGTCACGAGGG TBEVasilchenko AAGGCCAGAGAGCTGCTAAGGAAGGGGGAGACCAACACGGGGCTGGCGGTCTCACGAGGG WN2741 GCGGCAAAACACGCCAGGAAAGAAGGCAATGTCACTGGAGGGCATCCAGTCTCTAGGGGC WNChin01 GCAGCAAAACACGCCAGGAAAGAAGGCAATGTCACTGGAGGGCATCCAGTCTCTAGAGGC WNNY99eqhs GCGGCAAAACACGCCAGGAAAGAAGGCAATGTCACTGGAGGGCATCCAGTCTCTAGGGGC Den1280par00 GAAGCCAAAGAAGGATTAAAAAGAGGAGAAACAACCAAA---CATGCAGTGTCGAGAGGA Den1293arg00 GAAGCCAAAGAAGGATTAAAAAGAGGAGAAACAACCAAA---CATGCAGTGTCGAGAGGA DEN1S27590 GAAGCCAAAGAGGGACTGAAAAGAGGAGAAACAACCAAA---CATGCAGTGTCGAGAGGA Den2JamaicaN1409 TTAGCAAAAGAAGGCATCAAAAGAGGAGAAACGGACCAC---CACGCTGTGTCGCGAGGC Den2NewGuineaC TTAGCAAAAGAAGGCATTAAAAGAGGAGAAACGGACCAT---CACGCTGTGTCGCGAGGC Den2TSV01 TTAGCAAAAGAAGGCATCAAAAGAGGAGAAACGGACCAT---CACGCTGTGTCGCGAGGC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GAAGCCAAAGAAGGGTTAAAAAGAGGAGAAATAACACAC---CATGCCGTGTCCAGAGGC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAGCCAAAGAAGGGTTGAAAAGAGGAGAAATAACACAT---CATGCCGTGTCCAGAGGT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAGCCAAAGAAGGGTTGAAAAGAGGAGAGACAACACAT---CATGCCGTGTCCCGAGGT Den4 GAAGCCAAGTCTGCCCTGAAAGATGGGTCTAAAATCAAG---CATGCAGTATCTAGAGGG Den4814669 GAAGCCAAGTCTGCCCTGAAAGATGGGTCTAAAATCAAG---CATGCAGTATCTAGAGGG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GAAGCTAAGTCTGCCTTGAAAGATGGATCTAAAATCAAG---CACGCAGTATCTAGAGGG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YF8582H ACGGCACGCAGACATCTGGCTGAAGGAAAGGTGGACACCGGGGTGGCTGTCTCGAGGGGG YFTrinidad79A788 ACGGCACGCAGGCATTTGGCCGAAGGGAAGGTGGACACTGGGGTGGCGGTCTCCAGAGGG เมื่อ 09/10/2564[181 02:27:14 240] CFA GGCCTCAAATTGAATGAAATCATCTCAAAGTACGAATGGAGACCGAGTGGTCGAGTGGTG JEBeijing1 TCAGCAAAACTCCGTTGGCTCGTGGAGAAAGGATTTGTCTCGCCAATAGGAAAAGTTATT JEJa0ArS982 TCAGCAAAACTCCGTTGGCTCGTGGAGAAAGGATTTGTCTCGCCAATAGGAAAAGTCATT JEK94P05 TCAGCAAAGCTCCGCTGGCTCGTGGAAAAAGGATTTGTCTCGCCAATAGGAAAAGTCATA JELing TCAGCAAAACTCCGTTGGCTCGTGGAGAAAGGATTTGTCTCGCCAATAGGAAAAGTTATT JEVellorep20778 TCAGCAAAACTCCGTTGGCTCGTGGAGAAAGGATTTGTCTCGCCAATAGGAAAAGTCATT KunjinMRM61C ACGGCAAAGCTAAGATGGCTGGTCGAGAGGAGGTTTCTTGAACCGGTCGGAAAAGTGATC MVE ACAGCGAAACTCAGATGGTTGGTTGAAAGACGCTTTGTCCAGCCCATAGGAAAAGTAGTG TBEVasilchenko ACGGCAAAACTGGCCTGGCTCGAGGAACGCGGCTATGCAACTCTCAAAGGGGAAGTGGTA WN2741 ACAGCAAAACTGAGATGGCTGGTCGAACGGAGGTTTCTCGAACCGGTCGGAAAAGTGATT WNChin01 ACAGCAAAGCTGAGATGGCTGGTCGAGCGGAGGTTTCTCGAACCGGTTGGAAAAGTGATT WNNY99eqhs ACAGCAAAACTGAGATGGCTGGTCGAACGGAGGTTTCTCGAACCGGTCGGAAAAGTGATT Den1280par00 ACAGCCAAACTGAGGTGGTTTGTGGAGAGGAACCTCGTGAAACCAGAAGGGAAAGTCATA Den1293arg00 ACAGCCAAACTGAGGTGGTTTGTGGAGAGGAACCTCGTGAAACCAGAAGGGAAAGTCATA DEN1S27590 ACCGCCAAATTGAGGTGGTTCGTGGAGAGGAACCTTGTGAAACCAGAAGGGAAAGTCATA Den2JamaicaN1409 TCAGCAAAACTGAGATGGTTCGTCGAGAGAAATATGGTCACACCAGAAGGGAAGGTGGTG Den2NewGuineaC TCAGCAAAACTGAGATGGTTCGTCGAGAGAAATATGGTCACACCAGAAGGGAAAGTAGTG Den2TSV01 TCGGCGAAACTGAGATGGTTCGTCGAGAGAAACCTGGTCACACCAGAAGGGAAAGTAGTG Den3802ChinaGuangxi AGCGCAAAACTTCAATGGTTCGTGGAGAGAAACATGGTCATTCCCGAAGGAAGAGTCATA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AGCGCAAAACTTCAATGGTTTGTGGAGAGAAACATGGTCATTCCCGAAGGAAGAGTCATA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AGCGCAAAACTTCAATGGTTTGTGGAAAGAAACATGGTCGTTCCCGAAGGAAGAGTCATA Den4 TCCAGTAAGATCAGATGGATTGTTGAGAGAGGGATGGTAAAGCCAAAAGGGAAAGTTGTA Den4814669 TCCAGTAAGATCAGATGGATTGTTGAGAGAGGGATGGTAAAGCCAAAAGGGAAAGTTGTA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TCCAGTAAGATTAGATGGATTGTTGAAAGAGGGATGGTAAAACCAAAAGGAAAAGTTGTG YF8582H ACCGCAAAGTTAAGGTGGTTTCATGAACGTGGCTATGTCAAGCTGGAAGGCAGGGTGACT YFTrinidad79A788 ACCGCAAAGTTAAGGTGGTTCCATGAGCGTGGCTATGTCAAGCTGGAAGGTAGGGTGATT
[241 300] CFA GATTTGGGATGTGGGCGCGGAGGCTGGAGCCAACGAGCTGTGATGGAGGAAACGGTGTCC JEBeijing1 GATCTAGGGTGTGGGCGTGGAGGATGGAGCTACTACGCAGCAACCCTGAAGAAGGTCCAG JEJa0ArS982 GATCTAGGGTGTGGGCGTGGAGGATGGAGCTACTACGCAGCAACCCTGAAGAAGGTCCAG JEK94P05 GATCTGGGATGCGGGCGCGGAAGCTGGAACTACTACGCAGCAACTCTGAAAAAAGTTCAG JELing GATCTAGGGTGTGGGCGTGGAGGATGGAGCTACTACGCAGCAACCCTGAAGAAGGTCCAG JEVellorep20778 GATCTAGGGTGTGGGCGTGGAGGATGGAGTTATTACGCAGCAACCCTGAAGAGGGTTCAG KunjinMRM61C GACCTTGGATGTGGAAGAGGCGGCTGGTGTTATTACATGGCCACACAAAAAAGAGTCCAA MVE GATCTGGGGTGTGGCAGAGGGGGCTGGTCATACTACGCAGCAACCATGAAGAACGTCCAG TBEVasilchenko GACCTTGGATGTGGAAGAGGTGGCTGGTCCTATTATGCGGCCTCCCGACCGGCGGTCATG WN2741 GACCTTGGATGTGGAAGAGGCGGTTGGTGTTACTATATGGCAACCCAAAAAAGAGTCCAA WNChin01 GACCTTGGATGTGGAAGAGGCGGTTGGTGTTACTACATGGCAACCCAAAAAAGAGTCCAA WNNY99eqhs GACCTTGGATGTGGAAGAGGCGGTTGGTGTTACTATATGGCAACCCAAAAAAGAGTCCAA Den1280par00 GACCTCGGTTGTGGAAGAGGTGGCTGGTCATACTATTGTGCTGGGCTGAAGAAAGTCACT Den1293arg00 GACCTCGGTTGTGGAAGAGGTGGCTGGTCATACTATTGTGCTGGGCTGAAGAAAGTCACT DEN1S27590 GACCTCGGTTGTGGAAGAGGTGGCTGGTCATACTATTGCGCTGGGCTGAAGAAAGTCACA Den2JamaicaN1409 GACCTCGGTTGCGGCAGAGGGGGCTGGTCATACTATTGTGGGGGACTAAAGAATGTAAGA Den2NewGuineaC GACCTCGGTTGCGGCAGAGGAGGCTGGTCATACTATTGTGGGGGACTAAAGAATGTAAGA Den2TSV01 GACCTTGGCTGCGGCAGGGGGGGCTGGTCATACTATTGTGGGGGACTAAAGAATGTAAAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GACTTAGGCTGTGGAAGAGGAGGCTGGTCATATTACTGTGCAGGACTGAAAAAAGTTACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GACTTGGGCTGTGGAAGAGGAGGCTGGTCATATTACTGTGCAGGACTGAAAAAAGTCACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GACTTGGGCTGTGGAAGAGGAGGCTGGTCATATTACTGTGCAGGACTGAAAAAAGTCACA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 179
Den4 GATCTTGGCTGTGGGAGAGGAGGATGGTCTTATTACATGGCGACACTCAAGAACGTGACT Den4814669 GATCTTGGCTGTGGGAGAGGAGGATGGTCTTATTACATGGCGACACTCAAGAACGTGACT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GATCTTGGTTGCGGGAGAGGAGGATGGTCGTATTACATGGCAACACTCAAGAACGTAACC YF8582H GACCTAGGGTGCGGACGCGGGGGCTGGTGCTACTACGCTGCTGCACAGAAGGAAGTGAGT YFTrinidad79A788 GACCTGGGGTGTGGCCGCGGAGGCTGGTGTTACTACGCTGCTGCGCAAAAGGAAGTGAGT
[301 360] CFA TCCGCTCTCGGGTTCACAATAGGTGGGGCGGAAAAAGAGAATCCGCAGCGATTCGTCACG JEBeijing1 GAAGTCAGAGGATACACGAAAGGTGGGGCGGGACACGAAGAACCGATGCTCATGCAGAGC JEJa0ArS982 GAAGTCAGAGGATACACGAAAGGTGGGGCGGGACATGAAGAACCGATGCTCATGCAGAGC JEK94P05 GAATTCAGAGGGTACACGAAAGGTGGGGCGGGACATGAAGAACCGATGCTCATGCAGAGC JELing GAAGTCAGAGGATACACGAAGGGTGGGGCGGGACACGAAGAACCGATGCTCATGCAGAGC JEVellorep20778 GAAGTCAGAGGATACACGAAAGGTGGGGCGGGACATGAAGAACCGATGCTCATGCAGAGC KunjinMRM61C GAAGTCAGAGGGTACACAAAAGGTGGTCCCGGACATGAAGAGCCCCAGCTAGTGCAGAGC MVE GAAGTGAGAGGATACACGAAAGGTGGGCCAGGCCATGAAGAACCCATGTTGATGCAGAGC TBEVasilchenko AGTGTTAAAGCATACACAATTGGCGGAAAGGGACATGAAACCCCAAAGATGGTGACAAGC WN2741 GAAGTCAGAGGGTACACAAAGGGCGGTCCCGGACATGAAGAGCCCCAACTAGTGCAAAGT WNChin01 GAGGTCAGAGGGTACACAAAGGGTGGTCCCGGACATGAAGAGCCCCAGCTGGTGCAAAGT WNNY99eqhs GAAGTCAGAGGGTACACAAAGGGCGGTCCCGGACATGAAGAGCCCCAACTAGTGCAAAGT Den1280par00 GAAGTCAAGGGATACACAAAAGGAGGACCTGGACATGAGGAACCTATCCCAATGGCGACC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den1293arg00 GAAGTCAAGGGATACACAAAAGGAGGACCTGGACATGAGGAACCTATCCCAATGGCGACC DEN1S27590 GAAGTGAAGGGATACACAAAAGGAGGACCTGGACATGAGGAACCAATCCCAATGGCGACC Den2JamaicaN1409 GAAGTCAAAGGCCTGACAAAAGGAGGACCAGGACACGAAGAACCCATCCCCATGTCAACA เมื่อDen2NewGuineaC 09/10/2564 GAAGTCAAAGGCCTGACAAAAGGAGGACCAGGACATGAAGAACCCATCCCCATGTCAACA 02:27:14 Den2TSV01 GAAGTCAAAGGCCTAACAAAAGGAGGACCAGGACACGAAGAACCCATTCCCATGTCAACA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GAAGTGCGAGGATACACAAAAGGCGGCCCAGGACACGAAGAACCAGTACCTATGTCTACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAGTGCGAGGATACACAAAAGGCGGTCCAGGACACGAAGAACCAGTACCCATGTCCACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAGTGCGAGGATACACAAAAGGCGGTCCAGGACACGAAGAACCAGTACCTATGTCTACA Den4 GAAGTGAAAGGGTATACAAAAGGAGGTCCAGGACATGAAGAACCGATTCCCATGGCTACT Den4814669 GAAGTGAAAGGGTATACAAAAGGAGGTCCAGGACATGAAGAACCGATTCCCATGGCTACT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GAAGTGAAAGGGTACACAAAAGGAGGTCCAGGACATGAAGAACCGATTCCCATGGCTACC YF8582H GGGGTCAAAGGATTTACTCTTGGAAGAGAAGGCCATGAGAAACCCATGAACGTGCGAAGC YFTrinidad79A788 GGGGTCAAAGGATTCACTCTTGGAAGAGACGGCCATGAGAAACCCATGAATGTGCAAAGT
[361 420] CFA AAGGGATATAACCTGGCTACGCTAAAAACTGGAGTGGATGTGCACAGACTCACCCCATTC JEBeijing1 TACGGCTGGAACCTGGTCTCCCTGAAGAGTGGAGTGGACGTGTTTTACAAACCTTCAGAG JEJa0ArS982 TATGGCCGGAATCTGGTCTCCTTGAAAAGTGGAGTGGACGTGTTTTACAAACCTTCAGAA JEK94P05 TATGGCCGGAATCTGGTCTCCTTGAAAAGTGGAGTGGACGTGTTTTACAAACCTTCAGAA JELing TACGGCTGGAACCTGGTCTCCCTGAAAAGTGGAGTGGACGTGTTTTACAAACCTTCAGAG JEVellorep20778 TACGGCTGGAACCTGGTCTCCCTAAAGAGTGGAGTGGACGTGTTCTACAAACCTTCAGAG KunjinMRM61C TATGGATGGAACATTGTCACCATGAAGAGTGGGGTGGATGTGTTCTATAGGCCTTCTGAA MVE TATGGGTGGAACATCGTTACTATGAAAAGTGGCGTTGATGTTTTCTACAAACCATCTGAA TBEVasilchenko CTGGGCTGGAACCTGATCAAATTTAGAGCAGGAATGGATGTGTTCAGCATGCAACCACAT WN2741 TATGGATGGAACATTGTCACCATGAAGAGTGGAGTGGATGTGTTCTACAGACCTTCTGAG WNChin01 TATGGATGGAACATTGTCACCATGAAGAGCGGGGTGGATGTGTTCTACAGACCTTCTGAG WNNY99eqhs TATGGATGGAACATTGTCACCATGAAGAGTGGAGTGGATGTGTTCTACAGACCTTCTGAG Den1280par00 TATGGATGGAACCTAGTAAAGCTATACTCTGGAAAAGATGTATTTTTTACACCACCTGAG Den1293arg00 TATGGATGGAACCTAGTAAAGCTATACTCTGGAAAAGATGTATTTTTTACACCACCTGAG DEN1S27590 TATGGATGGAACCTAGTAAAGCTATACTCCGGGAAAGACGTATTCTTTACACCACCTGAG Den2JamaicaN1409 TATGGGTGGAATCTAGTGCGTCTGCAAAGTGGAGTTGACGTTTTCTTCACCCCGCCAGAA Den2NewGuineaC TATGGGTGGAATCTAGTACGTCTTCAAAGTGGAGTTGACGTTTTCTTCACTCCGCCAGAA Den2TSV01 TATGGTTGGAATCTGGTGCGTCTTCAAAGTGGAGTTGATGTTTTTTTTACTCCGCCAGAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TACGGATGGAACATAGTCAAGTTAATGAGTGGAAAGGATGTTTTTTATCTGCCACCTGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TATGGATGGAACATAGTTAAGTTAATGAGTGGAAAGGATGTGTTTTATCTTCCACCTGAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TATGGATGGAACATAGTTAAGTTAATGAGCGGAAAGGATGTGTTCTATCTCCCACCTGAA Den4 TATGGTTGGAATTTGGTCAAACTCCATTCAGGGGTTGACGTGTTCTACAAACCCACAGAG Den4814669 TATGGTTGGAATTTGGTCAAACTCCATTCAGGGGTTGACGTGTTCTACAAACCCACAGAG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TATGGCTGGAACTTGGTCAAACTCCATTCAGGGGTTGATGTGTTCTACAAACCCACTGAG YF8582H CTGGGATGGAATATCATCACCTTCAAGGATAAAACTGACATCCACCACCTGGAACCAGTG YFTrinidad79A788 CTGGGATGGAACATCATTACCTTCAAGGACAAAACTGATGTCCACCCCCTAGAACCAGTG
[421 480] CFA CGGTGTGACACCATTATGTGTGACATCGGAGAGAGTGATCCCAGCCCAATCAAGGAAAAG JEBeijing1 CCTAGTGACACCCTGTTCTGTGACATAGGTGAATCCTCCCCAAGTCCAGAAGTGGAAGAA JEJa0ArS982 CCCAGTGACACCCTGTTCTGTGACATAGGGGAATCCTCTCCAAGTCCAGAAGTAGAAGAA JEK94P05 CCCAGTGACACCCTGTTCTGTGACATAGGGGAATCCTCTCCAAGTCCAGAAGTAGAAGAA JELing CCTAGTGACACCCTGTTCTGCGACATAGGGGAATCCTCCCCAAGTCCAGAAGTAGAAGAA JEVellorep20778 CCCAGTGACACCCTGTTCTGCGACATAGGGGAATCCTCCCCAAGTCCAGAAGTAGAAGAA KunjinMRM61C TGTTGTGACACTCTCCTTTGTGATATCGGAGAGTCCTCATCAAGTGCTGAAGTTGAAGAA MVE ATCAGTGACACCCTTTTGTGTGACATAGGAGAGTCATCACCTAGTGCTGAAATAGAAGAA TBEVasilchenko CGGGCTGACACCATCATGTGTGACATTGGAGAAAGCAGCCCGGATGCCGCTGTGGAAGGT WN2741 TGTTGTGACACCCTCCTTTGTGACATCGGAGAGTCCTCGTCAAGTGCTGAGGTTGAAGAG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 180
WNChin01 TGCTGCGATACCCTCCTTTGTGACATCGGAGAGTCTTCATCAAGTGCTGAGGTTGAAGAG WNNY99eqhs TGTTGTGACACCCTCCTTTGTGACATCGGAGAGTCCTCGTCAAGTGCTGAGGTTGAAGAG Den1280par00 AAATGTGATACCCTTCTGTGTGATATAGGAGAGTCCTCTCCGAATCCAACTATAGAAGAA Den1293arg00 AAATGTGATACCCTTCTGTGTGATATAGGAGAGTCCTCTCCGAATCCAACCATAGAAGAA DEN1S27590 AAGTGTGACACCCTTTTGTGTGATATTGGTGAGTCCTCTCCAAACCCAACTATAGAAGAA Den2JamaicaN1409 AAGTGTGATACATTGTTGTGTGACATAGGGGAGTCGTCACCAAATCCCACGATAGAAGCA Den2NewGuineaC AAGTGTGACACATTGTTGTGTGACATAGGGGAGTCGTCACCAAATCCCACGGTAGAAGCA Den2TSV01 AAGTGTGACACATTACTGTGTGACATAGGGGAGTCGTCACCAAACCCCACGGTTGAGGCA Den3802ChinaGuangxi AAGTGTGATACCCTATTGTGTGACATTGGAGAGTCTTCACCAAGCCCAACAGTGGAAGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AAGTGTGACACCCTGTTGTGTGACATTGGAGAATCTTCACCAAGCCCAACAGTGGAAGAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AAGTGTGATACCCTGTTGTGTGACATTGGAGAATCTTCACCAAGCCCAACAGTGGAAGAG Den4 CAAGTGGACACCCTGCTCTGTGATATTGGGGAGTCATCTTCTAATCCAACAATAGAGGAA Den4814669 CAAGTGGACACCCTGCTCTGTGATATTGGGGAGTCATCTTCTAATCCAACAATAGAGGAA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CAAGTGGATACCCTGCTCTGTGATATTGGGGAGTCATCTTCCAATCCGACGATAGAGGAA YF8582H AAATGTGACACCCTTCTGTGTGACATTGGAGAGTCATCATCGTCATCAGTGACAGAAGGG YFTrinidad79A788 AAATGTGACACCCTTTTGTGTGACATTGGAGAATCATCATCGTCATCGGTCACAGAGGGG
[481 540] CFA ACCAGAACTCTTAAAGTCTTGCAATTGTTAGAAAATTGGCTCTTGGTGAACCCGGGAGCC JEBeijing1 CAACGCACACTACGCGTCCTAGAGATGACATCTGACTGGTTGCACCGAGGACCTAGAGAG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEJa0ArS982 CAACGCACACTACGCGTCCTAGAGATGACATCTGACTGGTTGCACCGAGGACCTAGAGAG JEK94P05 CAACGCACACTACGCGTCTTAGAAATGACATCTGACTGGTTACATCGGGGACCTAGAGAG JELing CAACGCACACTACGCGTCCTAGAGATGACATCTGACTGGTTGCACCGAGGACCTAGAGAG เมื่อJEVellorep20778 09/10/2564 CAACGCACATTACGCGTCCTAGAGATGACATCTGACTGGTTGCACCGAGGACCTAGAGAG 02:27:14 KunjinMRM61C CATAGAACGCTACGAGTCCTTGAAATGGTGGAAGACTGGTTGCATCGAGGGCCAAAGGAA MVE CAACGGACCCTGCGGATTTTGGAAATGGTGTCTGACTGGCTAAGCCGTGGTCCAAAGGAA TBEVasilchenko GAGAGGACAAGGAGAGTGATATTGCTCATGGAGCAATGGAAAAACCGGAACCCCACGGCT WN2741 CATAGGACGATTCGGGTCCTTGAAATGGTTGAGGACTGGCTGCACCGAGGGCCAAGGGAA WNChin01 CATAGGACGATCCGGGTCCTTGAAATGGTTGAGGACTGGCTGCACCGAGGGCCGAAGGAA WNNY99eqhs CATAGGACGATTCGGGTCCTTGAAATGGTTGAGGACTGGCTGCACCGAGGGCCAAGGGAA Den1280par00 GGAAGAACGTTACGTGTTCTAAAGATGGTAGAACCATGGCTCAGAGGAAAC------CAA Den1293arg00 GGAAGAACGTTACGTGTTCTAAAGATGGTAGAACCATGGCTCAGAGGAAAC------CAA DEN1S27590 GGAAGAACGTTACGCGTCCTAAAGATGGTGGAACCATGGCTCAGAGGGAAC------CAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GGACGAACACTCAGAGTCCTCAACTTAGTGGAAAATTGGTTGAACAATAACACC---CAA Den2NewGuineaC GGACGAACACTCAGAGTCCTTAACTTAGTGGAAAATTGGTTGAACAACAACACC---CAA Den2TSV01 GGACGAACACTCAGAGTTCTAAACTTAGTGGAAAATTGGCTGAACAACAACACC---CAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi AGCAGAACCATAAGAGTCTTGAAGATGGTTGAACCATGGCTAAAAAACAAC------CAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AGCAGAACTATAAGAGTTTTGAAGATGGTTGAACCATGGCTAAAGAACAAC------CAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AGCAGAACTATAAGAGTTTTGAAGATGGTTGAACCATGGCTAAAAAACAAC------CAG Den4 GGAAGAACATTAAGAGTTTTGAAGATGGTGGAGCCATGGCTCTCTTCAAAACCT---GAA Den4814669 GGAAGAACATTAAGAGTTTTGAAGATGGTGGAGCCATGGCTCTCTTCAAAACCT---GAA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GGAAGAACATTAAGAGTTTTGAAGATGGTGGAACCATGGCTCTCTTCAAAGCCT---GAA YF8582H GAAAGAACCATGAGAGTTCTTGATACCGTTGAGAAATGGCTGGCTTGCGGCGTTGACAAT YFTrinidad79A788 GAAAGGACCGTGAGAGTTCTTGATACTGTAGAAAAATGGCTGGCTTGTGGGGTGGACAAC
[541 600] CFA CACTTTGTGTGCAAGATTCTATCACCATATTCTCTTGAAGTCCTCCGGAAAATCGAGTCC JEBeijing1 TTCTGCATA---AAAGTTCTCTGCCCTTACATGCCCAAGGTTATAGAAAAAATGGAAGTT JEJa0ArS982 TTCTGCATA---AAAGTTCTCTGCCCTTACATGCCCAAGGTTATAGAAAAAATGGAAGTT JEK94P05 TTCTGCATA---AAAGTGCTCTGCCCTTACATGCCTAAAGTTATAGAAAAGATGGAAGTC JELing TTCTGCATA---AAAGTTCTCTGCCCTTACATGCCCAAGGTTATAGAAAAAATGGAAGTT JEVellorep20778 TTCTGCATA---AAAGTTCTTTGCCCTTACATGCCTAAGGTTATAGAAAAAATGGAAGTT KunjinMRM61C TTTTGTGTG---AAGGTACTGTGCCCCTACATGCCAAAGGTCATAGAAAAGATGGAGCTG MVE TTTTGCATA---AAGATACTCTGCCCGTACATGCCCAAGGTGATTGAAAAACTGGAGAGC TBEVasilchenko GCCTGTGTGTTCAAAGTACTGGCTCCATACCGCCCAGAGGTGATAGAAGCACTACACAGA WN2741 TTTTGCGTG---AAGGTGCTCTGCCCCTACATGCCGAAAGTCATAGAGAAGATGGAGCTG WNChin01 TTTTGTGTG---AAGGTGCTCTGCCCCTACATGCCGAAAGTCATAGAGAAGATGGAGCTG WNNY99eqhs TTTTGCGTG---AAGGTGCTCTGCCCCTACATGCCGAAAGTCATAGAGAAGATGGAGCTG Den1280par00 TTCTGCATA---AAAATTCTAAATCCTTACATGCCAAGTGTGGTAGAAACTCTGGAGCAA Den1293arg00 TTCTGCATA---AAAATTCTAAATCCTTACATGCCAAGTGTGGTAGAAACTCTGGAGCAA DEN1S27590 TTTTGCATA---AAAATTCTAAATCCCTACATGCCAAGTGTGGTGGAAACTCTGGAGCAA Den2JamaicaN1409 TTTTGCATA---AAGGTTCTCAACCCATATATGCCCTCAGTCATAGAAAAAATGGAAACA Den2NewGuineaC TTTTGCATA---AAGGTTCTCAACCCATACATGCCCTCAGTCATAGAAAAAATGGAAGCA Den2TSV01 TTTTGCATA---AAGGTTCTCAACCCATATATGCCCTCAGTTATAGAAAAAATGGAAGCG Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTTTGCATT---AAAGTATTGAACCCATACATGCCAACTGTGATTGAGCACTTAGAAAGA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTTTGCATT---AAAGTATTGAACCCTTACATGCCAACTGTGATTGAGCACCTAGAAAGA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTTTGCATT---AAAGTTTTGAACCCTTACATGCCAACTGTGATTGAGCACCTAGAAAGA Den4 TTCTGCATC---AAAGTCCTTAACCCCTACATGCCAACAGTCATAGAAGAGCTGGAGAAA Den4814669 TTCTGCATC---AAAGTCCTTAACCCCTACATGCCAACAGTCATAGAAGAGCTGGAGAAA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TTTTGCATC---AAAGTCCTTAATCCCTATATGCCAACAGTCATAGAAGAGCTAGAGAAA YF8582H TTCTGTGTG---AAGGTGTTGGCTCCATACATGCCAGATGTTCTCGAGAAGCTGGAACTG YFTrinidad79A788 TTCTGTGTG---AAGGTGTTAGCTCCATACATGAGAGATGTTCTCGAGAAACTGGAATTG Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 181
[601 660] CFA CTCCAACATCTGTACAATGGCAGGTTGGTGCGTCTCTCCCACAGTCGAAATAGCTCGGTT JEBeijing1 CTGCAGCGCCGCTTCGGAGGTGGGCTAGTGCGTCTCCCCCTGTCCCGAAACTCCAATCAC JEJa0ArS982 CTGCAGCGCCGCTTCGGAGGTGGGCTAGTGCGTCTCCCCCTGTCCCGGAACTCCAATCAC JEK94P05 CTGCAACGTCGTTTCGGTGGCGGGGTGGTGCGCCTTCCCCTGTCTCGAAACTCCAACCAT JELing CTGCAGCGCCGCTTCGGAGGTGGGCTAGTGCGTCTCCCCCTGTCCCGAAACTCCAATCAC JEVellorep20778 CTGCAGCGCCGCTTCGGAGGTGGGCTAGTGCGTCTCCCCCTGTCCCGAAACTCCAATCAC KunjinMRM61C CTCCAACGCCGGTATGGCGGGGGATTGGTTAGGAACCCACTCTCACGGAATTCCACACAT MVE CTGCAACGCAGGTTTGGAGGTGGATTGGTACGCGTCCCCCTTTCTCGTAACTCCAACCAT TBEVasilchenko TTTCAACTGCGGTGGGGTGGTGGACTGGTGAGGACCCCTTTCTCAAGGAACTCAACCCAT WN2741 CTCCAACGCCGGTATGGGGGGGGACTGGTCAGAAACCCACTCTCACGGAATTCCACGCAC WNChin01 CTCCAGCGCCGGTATGGGGGGGGACTGGTCAGAAACCCACTCTCGCGGAATTCCACGCAC WNNY99eqhs CTCCAACGCCGGTATGGGGGGGGACTGGTCAGAAACCCACTCTCACGGAATTCCACGCAC Den1280par00 ATGCAAAGAAAACATGGAGGGATGCTAGTGCGAAACCCACTCTCAAGAAATTCCACCCAT Den1293arg00 ATGCAAAGAAAACATGGAGGGATGCTAGTGCGAAACCCACTCTCAAGAAATTCCACCCAT DEN1S27590 ATGCAAAGAAAACATGGAGGAATGCTAGTGCGGAATCCACTTTCAAGAAATTCTACTCAT Den2JamaicaN1409 CTACAAAGGAAATATGGAGGAGCCTTAGTGAGGAATCCACTCTCACGAAACTCCACACAT Den2NewGuineaC CTACAAAGGAAATATGGAGGAGCCTTAGTGAGGAATCCACTCTCACGAAACTCCACACAT Den2TSV01 CTACAAAGGAAATACGGAGGAGCTTTGGTGAGGAATCCACTCTCACGAAATTCCACACAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi CTACAAAGGAAACATGGAGGAATGCTTGTGAGAAATCCACTCTCACGAAACTCCACGCAC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTACAAAGGAAACATGGAGGAATGCTTGTGAGAAATCCACTTTCACGAAACTCCACGCAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTACAAAGGAAACATGGAGGAATGCTTGTGAGAAATCCACTTTCACGAAACTCCACGCAC Den4 CTGCAGAGAAAACATGGTGGGAACCTTGTCAGATGCCCGCTGTCCAGGAACTCCACCCAT เมื่อDen4814669 09/10/2564 CTGCAGAGAAAACATGGTGGGAACCTTGTCAGATGCCCGCTGTCCAGGAACTCCACCCAT 02:27:14 Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CTGCAGAGAAAATATGGTGGAAGTCTTGTCAGATGCCCGTTATCTAGGAATTCCACTCAT YF8582H CTCCAAAGGAGGTTTGGTGGAACAGTGATCAGGAACCCTCTTTCCAGAAATTCCACTCAT YFTrinidad79A788 CTCCAAAGGAGGTTTGGCGGAACAGTGATCAGGAACCCTCTCTCCAGGAATTCCACTCAT
[661 720] CFA GAGATGTACTACATCTCCGGGGCTAGGTCTAACGTGGTGCGCACCACATACATGACGCTG JEBeijing1 GAGATGTATTGGGTCAGTGGAGCCGCTGGCAATGTGGTGCACGCTGTGAACATGACCAGC JEJa0ArS982 GAGATGTATTGGGTTAGTGGAGCCGCTGGCAATGTGGTGCACGCTGTGAACATGACCAGC JEK94P05 GAGATGTACTGGGTGAGTGGAGCTGCTGGCAATGTGGTGCATGCGGTCAACATGACCAGC JELing GAGATGTATTGGGTCAGTGGAGCCGCTGGCAATGTGGTGCACGCGGTGAACATGACCAGC JEVellorep20778 GAGATGTATTGGGTTAGTGGAGCCGCTGGCAACGTGGTGCACGCTGTGAACATGACCAGC KunjinMRM61C GAAATGTATTGGGTGAGTCGAGCCTCAGGCAATGTGGTGCACTCAGTGAACATGACCAGC MVE GAGATGTACTGGGTCAGTGGAGCCTCGGGGAACATCGTGCACGCGGTGAACATGACCAGT TBEVasilchenko GAAATGTACTACTCGACCGCCGTTACTGGGAACATCGTGAACTCCGTCAACATCCAGTCA WN2741 GAGATGTATTGGGTGAGTCGAGCTTCAGGCAATGTGGTACATTCAGTGAATATGACCAGC WNChin01 GAGATGTATTGGGTAAGTCGAGCTTCAGGCAATGTGGTGCACTCAGTGAACATGACTAGC WNNY99eqhs GAGATGTATTGGGTGAGTCGAGCTTCAGGCAATGTGGTACATTCAGTGAATATGACCAGC Den1280par00 GAAATGTACTGGGTTTCATGTGGAACAGGAAACATTGTGTCGGCAGTGAACATGACATCC Den1293arg00 GAAATGTACTGGGTTTCATGTGGAACAGGAAACATTGTGTCGGCAGTGAACATGACATCC DEN1S27590 GAAATGTATTGGGTTTCATGTGGAACAGGAAACATTGTGTCAGCAGTAAACATGACATCT Den2JamaicaN1409 GAGATGTACTGGGTATCCAATGCATCCGGGAACATAGTGTCATCAGTGAACATGATTTCA Den2NewGuineaC GAGATGTACTGGGTATCCAATGCCTCCGGGAACATAGTGTCATCAGTGAACATGATTTCA Den2TSV01 GAGATGTACTGGGTATCCAATGCTTCCGGGAACATAGTGTCATCAGTGAACATGATTTCA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GAAATGTATTGGATATCCAATGGTACAGGCAACATCGTCTCTTCAGTCAACATGGTATCC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAATGTACTGGATATCTAATGGCACAGGTAACATTGTCGCTTCAGTCAATATGGTATCT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAATGTACTGGATATCTAATGGCACAGGTAACATTGTCTCTTCAGTCAACATGGTGTCT Den4 GAGATGTATTGGGTGTCAGGAGCGTCGGGAAACATTGTGAGCTCTGTGAACACAACATCA Den4814669 GAGATGTATTGGGTGTCAGGAGCGTCGGGAAACATTGTGAGCTCTGTGAACACAACATCA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GAGATGTATTGGGTGTCAGGTGTGTCGGGAAACATCGTGAGCTCTGTAAACACAACATCA YF8582H GAGATGTACTACGTGTCTGGAGCCCGCAGTAATGTCACATTTACTGTGAACCAAACATCT YFTrinidad79A788 GAAATGTACTACGTGTCTGGAGCCCGCAGCAATGTCACATTTACTGTGAACCAAACATCT
[721 780] CFA GCCGCCTTAATGGCCCGATTCTCCCGACACTTG------GACAGCGTTGTCCTCCCGAGT JEBeijing1 CAGGTACTACTGGGGCGAATGGATCGCACAGTGTGGAGAGGGCCAAAGTATGAGGAAGAT JEJa0ArS982 CAGGTACTACTGGGGCGAATGGATCGCACAGTGTGGAGAGGGCCAAAGTATGAGGAAGAT JEK94P05 CAAGTGCTGCTAGGGCGAATGGATCGCACAGTGTGGAGAGGGCCAAAGTATGAAGAGGAT JELing CAGGTACTACTGGGGCGAATGGATCGCACAGTGTGGAGAGGGCCAAAGTATGAGGAAGAT JEVellorep20778 CAGGTACTACTGGGGCGAATGGATCGCACAGTGTGGAGAGGGCCAAAGTATGAGGAAGAT KunjinMRM61C CAGGTACTCTTAGGAAGGATGGAGAAGAAGACCTGGAAGGGACCTCAGTACGAAGAAGAC MVE CAGGTGCTCATTGGAAGAATGGACAAGAAGATTTGGAAAGGCCCAAAATATGAGGAAGAT TBEVasilchenko AGGAAACTCCTAGCCCGGTTTGGAGACCAG------AGAGGACCCACCAGAGTGCCTGAG WN2741 CAGGTGCTCCTAGGAAGAATGGAAAAAAGGACCTGGAAGGGACCCCAATACGAGGAAGAC WNChin01 CAGGTGCTTCTGGGAAGAATGGAGAAAAGGACCTGGAAGGGACCCCAATACGAGGAAGAT WNNY99eqhs CAGGTGCTCCTAGGAAGAATGGAAAAAAGGACCTGGAAGGGACCCCAATACGAGGAAGAT Den1280par00 AGAATGTTACTGAATCGATTCACAATGACTCACAGGAAG---CCAACATATGAAAGAGAC Den1293arg00 AGAATGTTACTGAATCGATTCACAATGACTCACAGGAAG---CCAACATATGAAAGAGAC DEN1S27590 AGAATGTTGCTAAATCGATTCACAATGGCTCACAGGAAA---CCAACATATGAAAGAGAC Den2JamaicaN1409 AGGATGTTGATTAACAGATTCACAATGAAACACAAGAAA---GCCACCTACGAGACAGAT Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 182
Den2NewGuineaC AGGATGTTGATCAACAGATTCACAATGAGACACAAGAAA---GCCACTTACGAGCCAGAT Den2TSV01 AGAATGTTGATTAACAGATTCACAATGAGACATAAGAAG---GCCACATACGAGCCAGAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi AGATTGCTACTGAACAGATTCACAATGACACACAGGAGA---CCCACCATAGAGAAAGAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AGACTGCTACTGAACAGGTTCACGATGACACACAGAAGA---CCCACCATTGAGAAAGAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AGATTGCTACTGAACAGGTTCACGATGACACACAGGAGA---CCCACCATAGAGAAAGAT Den4 AAGATGTTGTTGAACAGGTTCACAACAAGGCATAGGAAA---CCCACTTATGAGAAGGAC Den4814669 AAGATGTTGTTGAACAGGTTCACAACAAGGCATAGGAAA---CCCACTTATGAGAAGGAC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 AAAATGTTGTTGAACAGATTTACAACAAGGCATAGAAAA---CCCACTTATGAGAAGGAC YF8582H CGTCTCCTAATGAGGAGAATGAGACGTCCAACTGGCAAA---GTGACCCTGGAAGCTGAT YFTrinidad79A788 CGCCTCCTGATGAGGAGAATGAGGCGTCCAACTGGAAAA---GTTACCCTAGAGGCTGAC
[781 840] CFA CCTGTGTTGCCCAAAGGCACACGGGCTGACCCGGCTGCTAGTGTGGCATCCATGAATACC JEBeijing1 GTCAACCTAGGGAGCGGAACAAGAGCCGTGGGAAAGGGAGAAGTCCATAGC---GATCAG JEJa0ArS982 GTCAACCTAGGGAGCGGAACAAGAGCCGTGGGAAAGGGAGAAGTCCATAGC---AATCAG JEK94P05 GTCAACCTGGGCAGCGGGACGAGAGCTGTGGGGAAGGGAGAAGTCCATAGT---AACCAG JELing GTCAACCTAGGGAGCGGAACAAGAGCCGTGGGAAAGGGAGAAGTCCATAGC---GATCAG JEVellorep20778 GTCAACCTAGGGAGCGGAACAAGAGCCGTGGGAAAGGGAGAAGTCCATAGC---AATCAG KunjinMRM61C GTGAACTTGGGAAGCGGAACGAGAGCAGTGGGAAAACCTCTACTCAACTCA---GACACC MVE GTCAACCTGGGCAGCGGCACGAGAGCAGTAGGAAAAGGTGTGCAGCACACG---GATTAC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3TBEVasilchenko TTGGATCTGGGAATCGGAACTCGGTGCGTGGTTTTGGCTGAGGACAGAGTG---AGAGAA WN2741 GTAAACTTGGGAAGTGGAACCAGGGCGGTGGGAAAACCCCTGCTCAACTCA---GACACC WNChin01 GTGAACTTGGGAAGTGGAACCAGGGCGGTGGGGAAACCCCTACTCAACTCA---GACACT เมื่อWNNY99eqhs 09/10/2564 GTAAACTTGGGAAGTGGAACCAGGGCGGTGGGAAAACCCCTGCTCAACTCA---GACACC 02:27:14 Den1280par00 GTGGACTTAGGCGCTGGAACAAGACATGTGGCAGTGGAACCAGAGGTAGCC---AACCTA Den1293arg00 GTGGACTTAGGCGCTGGAACAAGACATGTGGCAGTGGAACCAGAGGTAGCC---AACCTA DEN1S27590 GTGGACTTAGGCGCTGGAACAAGACATGTGGCAGTGGAACCAGAGGTAGCC---AACCTA Den2JamaicaN1409 GTTGACCTAGGAAGCGGAACCCGCAACATTGGAATTGAAAGTGAGATACCA---AATCTA Den2NewGuineaC GTAGACCTCGGAAGCGGAACCCGCAACATCGGAATTGAAAGTGAGATACCA---AACCTA Den2TSV01 GTTGACCTCGGAAGCGGAACCCGCAACATCGGAATTGAAAGTGAGACACCA---AATTTA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTGGATTTAGGAGCAGGAACCCGACATGTCAATGCGGAACCAGAAACACCC---AACATG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTGGATTTAGGAGCAGGAACTCGACATGTTAATGCGGAACCAGAAACACCC---AACATG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTGGATTTAGGAGCAGGAACTCGACATGTTAATGCGGAACCAGAAACACCC---AACATG Den4 GTAGATCTTGGGGCAGGAACGAGAAGTGTCTCCACTGAAACAGAAAAACCA---GACATG Den4814669 GTAGATCTTGGGGCAGGAACGAGAAGTGTCTCCACTGAAACAGAAAAACCA---GACATG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GTAGACCTTGGAGCAGGAACGAGAAGTGTCTCCACTGAAACAGAAAAACCG---GACATG YF8582H GTCATTCTCCCAATTGGGACACGCAGTGTCGAGACAGACAAAGGACCCCTG---AATAGA YFTrinidad79A788 GTCACCCTCCCAATTGGGACACGCAGTGTTGAGACAGATAAGGGACCCCTG---GACAAA
[841 900] CFA AGTGACATGATGGACCGTGTTGAACGCCTAATGAACGAGAACCGTGGAACATGGTTTGAA JEBeijing1 GAGAAAATCAAGAAGAGAATCCAGAAGCTTAAAGAGGAATTTGCCACAACGTGGCACAAA JEJa0ArS982 GAGAAAATCAAGAAGAGAATCCAGAAGCTCAAAGAAGAATTCGCCACAACGTGGCACAAA JEK94P05 GATAAAATTAGGAGGAGAATCCAGAAACTTAGAGAGGAATTCGGTACAACGTGGCACAAA JELing GAGAAAATCAAGAAGAGAATCCAGAAGCAAAAAGAGGAATTTGCCACAACGTGGCACAAA JEVellorep20778 GAGAAAATCAAGAAGAGAATCCAGAAGCTTAAAGAAGAATTCGCCACAACATGGCACAAA KunjinMRM61C AGCAAGATAAAGAACAGGATTGAACGACTTAGGCGTGAGTACAGCTCGACATGGCATCAT MVE AAGAGGATCAAATCCAGAATAGAAAAACTGAAGGAGGAGTATGCAGCCACGTGGCACACG TBEVasilchenko AAAGATGTGCAGGAGAGGATCAGAGCGTTGAGGGAACAGTACGGCGAAACTTGGCACGTG WN2741 AGTAAAATCAAGAACAGGATTGAACGACTCAGGCGTGAGTACAGTTCGACGTGGCACCAC WNChin01 AGTAAAATCAAGAACAGGATTGAACGACTCAGGCGTGAGTACAGTTCGACGTGGCACCAC WNNY99eqhs AGTAAAATCAAGAACAGGATTGAACGACTCAGGCGTGAGTACAGTTCGACGTGGCACCAC Den1280par00 GATATTATTGGCCAGAGGATAGAGAATATAAAAAATGAACACAAGTCAACATGGCATTAT Den1293arg00 GATATTATTGGCCAGAGGATAGAGAATATAAAAAATGAACACAAGTCAACATGGCATTAT DEN1S27590 GATATCATTGGCCAGAGGATAGAGAACATAAAACATGAACATAAGTCAACATGGCATTAT Den2JamaicaN1409 GACATAATAGGAAAGAGAATAGAGAAAATAAAGCAAGAGCATGAAACATCATGGCACTAT Den2NewGuineaC GACATAATCGGGAAAAGAATAGAAAAAATAAAACAAGAGCATGAAACATCATGGCACTAT Den2TSV01 GACATAATTGGGAAAAGAATAGAGAAAATAAAACAAGAGCATGAAACATCATGGCACTAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi GATGTCATTGGGGAAAGAATAAAAAGGATCAAAGAGGAGCATAGTTCAACATGGCACTAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GATGTCATTGGGGAAAGAATAAAAAGGATCAAGGAGGAGCATAATTCAACATGGCACTAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GATGTCATTGGGGAAAGAATAAAAAGGATCAAGGAGGAGCATAATTCAACATGGCACTAT Den4 ACAATCATTGGGAGAAGGCTTCAGCGATTGCAAGAAGAGCACAAAGAAACCTGGCATTAT Den4814669 ACAATCATTGGGAGAAGGCTTCAGCGATTGCAAGAAGAGCACAAAGAAACCTGGCATTAT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ACAATCATCGGGAGAAGGCTCCAGCGACTGCAAGAAGAGCACAAAGAAACCTGGCACTAT YF8582H GAGGCCATAGAAGAGAGAGTTGAGAGAATAAAATCTGAGTACATGACTACCTGGTTTTAT YFTrinidad79A788 GAGGCCATAAAAGAAAGGGTTGAGAGGATAAAATCTGAGTACATGACCTCTTGGTTTTAT
[901 960] CFA GATCAACAACACCCCTACAAGAGTTTCAAGTATTTTGGATCGTTTGTCACCGATGATGTG JEBeijing1 GACCCCGAGCATCCATATCGTACTTGGACATACCACGGAAGCTATGAAGTGAAGGCTACT JEJa0ArS982 GACCCTGAGCATCCATACCGCACTTGGACATACCATGGAAGCTATGAAGTGAAGGCTACT JEK94P05 GACCCCGAGCATCCATACCGCAATTGGACATATCACGGAAGCTACGAAGTGAAGGCCACT JELing GACCCCGAGCATCCATATCGTACTTGGACATACCACGGAAGCTATGAAGTGAAGGCTACT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 183
JEVellorep20778 GACCCCGAGCATCCATACCGTACTTGGACATACCACGGAAGCTATGAAGTGAAGGCTACT KunjinMRM61C GATGAGAACCACCCATATAGAACCTGGAACTACCACGGTAGCTACGAAGTGAAGCCAACA MVE GATGATAACCACCCGTATAGAACTTGGACTTATCATGGGAGTTATGAGGTGAAGCCATCG TBEVasilchenko GACGGAGAGCACCCGTATCGGACATGGCAGTATTGGGGCAGTTACCGAACTGCGCCAACT WN2741 GATGAGAACCACCCATATAGAACCTGGAACTATCACGGCAGTTATGATGTGAAGCCCACA WNChin01 GATGAGAACCACCCATATAGAACCTGGAACTATCACGGCAGTTATGATGTGAAACCTACA WNNY99eqhs GATGAGAACCACCCATATAGAACCTGGAACTATCACGGCAGTTATGATGTGAAGCCCACA Den1280par00 GATGAAGACAATCCATACAAAACATGGGCCTATCATGGATCATATGAGGTCAAACCATCA Den1293arg00 GATGAAGACAATCCATACAAAACATGGGCCTATCATGGATCATATGAGGTCAAACCATCA DEN1S27590 GATGAGGACAATCCATATAAAACATGGGCCTATCATGGATCATATGAGGTCAAGCCATCA Den2JamaicaN1409 GACCAAGACCACCCATACAAAACGTGGGCTTACCATGGCAGCTATGAAACAAAACAAACT Den2NewGuineaC GACCAAGACCACCCATACAAAACGTGGGCTTACCATGGCAGCTATGAAACAAAACAAACT Den2TSV01 GACCAAGACCACCCATACAAAACGTGGGCCTACCATGGCAGCTACGAAACAAAACAGACT Den3802ChinaGuangxi GATGATGAAAATCCTTACAAAACGTGGGCTTACCATGGATCCTATGAAGTAAAAGCCACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GATGACGAAAACCCCTACAAAACGTGGGCTTACCATGGATCTTATGAAGTCAAAGCCACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GATGACGAAAACCCCTACAAAACGTGGGCTTACCATGGATCCTATGAAGTCAAAGCCACA Den4 GATCAGGAAAACCCATACAGAACCTGGGCGTATCATGGAAGCTATGAAGCTCCTTCGACA Den4814669 GATCAGGAAAACCCATACAGAACCTGGGCGTATCATGGAAGCTATGAAGCTCCTTCGACA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GATCAGGAAAACCCATACAGAACCTGGGCGTATCATGGAAGCTATGAAGCTCCCTCGACA YF8582H GACAATGACAACCCTTACAGGACTTGGCATTACTGTGGCTCCTATGTTACTAAAACCTCA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YFTrinidad79A788 GACAATGACAACCCCTACAGGACTTGGCACTACTGTGGCTCCTATGTCACAAAAACCTCA [961 1020] เมื่อCFA 09/10/2564 AAGGTGGGAGGGCAAGCGGTGAACCCCCTCGTTAGGAAGATCATGTGGCCATGGGAGACT 02:27:14 JEBeijing1 GGCTCAGCCAGCTCTCTCGTCAACGGAGTGGTGAAGCTCATGAGCAAACCTTGGGACGCC JEJa0ArS982 GGCTCAGCCAGCTCTCTCGTCAACGGAGTGGTGAAGCTCATGAGCAAACCTTGGGACGCC JEK94P05 GGCTCAGCAAGCTCTCTCGTCAATGGGGTGGTAAAGCTCATGAGCAAACCCTGGGACGCC JELing GGCTCAGCCAGCTCTCTCGTCAACGGAGTGGTGAAGCTCATGAGCAAACCTTGGGACGCC JEVellorep20778 GGCTCAGCCAGTTCTCTCGTCAACGGAGTGGTGAAGCTCATGAGCAAACCTTGGGACGCC KunjinMRM61C GGCTCTGCAAGCTCACTGGTCAATGGAGTGGTCAGGCTCCTCTCGAAACCATGGGACACC MVE GGGTCAGCCAGCACGTTGGTAAATGGAGTGGTGCGGCTTTTGAGCAAACCATGGGACGCT TBEVasilchenko GGCTCAGCGGCGTCTCTGATCAATGGAGTTGTTAAACTACTCAGCTGGCCATGGAACGCA WN2741 GGCTCCGCCAGTTCGCTGGTCAATGGAGTGGTCAGGCTCCTCTCAAAACCATGGGACACC WNChin01 GGCTCCGCCAGCTCGCTGGTCAATGGAGTGGTTAGGCTCCTCTCAAAACCATGGGACACC WNNY99eqhs GGCTCCGCCAGTTCGCTGGTCAATGGAGTGGTCAGGCTCCTCTCAAAACCATGGGACACC Den1280par00 GGATCAGCCTCATCTATGGTGAATGGCGTGGTGAGATTGCTCACAAAACCATGGGATGTC Den1293arg00 GGATCAGCCTCATCTATGGTGAATGGCGTGGTGAGATTGCTCACAAAACCATGGGATGTC DEN1S27590 GGATCAGCCTCATCCATGGTCAATGGCGTGGTGAAACTGCTCACCAAACCATGGGATGCC Den2JamaicaN1409 GGATCAGCATCATCTATGGTGAACGGAGTGGTCAGACTGCTGACAAAACCCTGGGACGTC Den2NewGuineaC GGATCAGCATCATCCATGGTGAACGGAGTGGTCAGACTGCTGACAAAACCTTGGGACGTC Den2TSV01 GGATCAGCATCATCCATGGTGAACGGAGTGGTTAGGCTGCTAACAAAACCTTGGGACATC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GGCTCAGCCTCCTCCATGATAAATGGAGTCGTGAAACTCCTCACAAAACCATGGGATGTG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GGCTCAGCCTCCTCCATGATAAATGGAGTCGTGAAACTCCTCACTAAACCATGGGATGTG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GGCTCAGCCTCCTCCATGATAAATGGAGTCGTGAAACTCCTCACCAAACCATGGGATGTG Den4 GGCTCTGCATCCTCCATGGTGAACGGGGTGGTAAAACTGCTAACAAAACCCTGGGATGTG Den4814669 GGCTCTGCATCCTCCATGGTGAACGGGGTAGTAAAACTGCTAACAAAACCCTGGGATGTG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GGCTCAGCATCCTCCATGGTGAACGGGGTGGTAAAATTGCTGACAAAACCCTGGGACGTG YF8582H GGGAGCGCGGCAAGCATGGTCAATGGTGTCATCAAGATTTTGACGTATCCATGGGACAGA YFTrinidad79A788 GGAAGTGCGGCGAGCATGGTAAATGGTGTTATTAAACTTCTGACATACCCATGGGACAAG
[1021 1080] CFA CTCACGAGTGTGGTGGGGTTTTCCATGACTGACGTGTCAACCTACTCACAGCAGAAGGTG JEBeijing1 ATTGCCAACGTCACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACCACCCCTTTTGGACAGCAAAGAGTT JEJa0ArS982 ATTGCCAACGTCACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACCACCCCTTTTGGACAGCAAAGAGTC JEK94P05 ATCGCCAATGTCACCACAATGGCCATGACCGACACCACCCCCTTTGGCCAGCAGAGGGTC JELing ATTGCCAACGTCACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACCACCCCTTTTGGACAGCAAAGAGTT JEVellorep20778 ATTGCCAACGTCACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACCACCCCCTTCGGACAGCAAAGAGTT KunjinMRM61C ATCACAAATGTCACCACAATGGCCATGACGGACACCACCCCTTTTGGACAACAGCGAGTG MVE ATCACTGGAGTCACCACCATGGCCATGACTGATACCACACCATTTGGCCAGCAGCGAGTG TBEVasilchenko CGGGAGGATGTTGTGCGCATGGCTATGACTGACACCACAGCTTTCGGGCAGCAGAGGGTG WN2741 ATCACGAATGTTACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACTACTCCCTTCGGGCAGCAGCGAGTG WNChin01 ATCACGAATGTTACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACTACTCCCTTCGGACAGCAGCGGGTG WNNY99eqhs ATCACGAATGTTACCACCATGGCCATGACTGACACTACTCCCTTCGGGCAGCAGCGAGTG Den1280par00 ATCCCCATGGTCACACAAATAGCCATGACCGATACCACACCCTTCGGACAACAGAGAGTG Den1293arg00 ATCCCCATGGTCACACAAATAGCCATGACCGATACCACACCCTTCGGACAACAGAGAGTG DEN1S27590 ATCCCCATGGTCACACAAATAGCCATGACTGACACCACACCCTTTGGACAACAGAGGGTG Den2JamaicaN1409 GTCCCTATGGTGACACAGATGGCAATGACAGACACGACTCCATTTGGACAACAACGCGTT Den2NewGuineaC GTCCCCATGGTGACACAGATGGCAATGACAGACACGACTCCATTTGGACAACAGCGCGTT Den2TSV01 ATCCCTATGGTGACACAGATGGCAATGACAGACACGACTCCATTTGGGCAACAGCGCGTT Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTGCCCATGGTGACACAGATGGCAATGACAGATACAACTCCATTTGGCCAGCAAAGAGTT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTGCCCATGGTGACACAGATGGCAATGACAGATACAACTCCATTTGGCCAGCAGAGAGTC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTGCCCATGGTGACACAGATGGCAATGACAGACACAACTCCATTTGGCCAGCAGAGAGTC Den4 ATTCCAATGGTGACTCAGTTAGCCATGACAGATACAACCCCTTTTGGGCAACAAAGAGTG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 184
Den4814669 ATTCCAATGGTGACTCAGTTAGCCATGACAGATACAACCCCTTTTGGGCAACAAAGAGTG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ATTCCAATGGTGACCCAGTTGGCTATGACAGACACAACCCCTTTTGGGCAACAGAGAGTG YF8582H ATAGAGGAGGTTACAAGAATGGCAATGACTGACACAACCCCCTTTGGACAGCAGAGGGTG YFTrinidad79A788 ATAGAGGAGGTCACAAGAATGGCAATGACTGACACAACCCCTTTTGGACAGCAAAGAGTG
[1081 1140] CFA CTGAGGGAGAAGGTGGACACTGTCATCCCCCCCCACCCACAGCATATACGGCGGGTCAAC JEBeijing1 TTTAAGGAGAAAGTTGACACGAAGGCTCCTGAGCCACCAGCTGGAGCCAAGGAAGTG--- JEJa0ArS982 TTCAAGGAGAAAGTTGACACGAAGGCTCCTGAGCCACCAGCTGGAGCCAAGGAAGTG--- JEK94P05 TTTAAAGAGAAGGTTGACACGAAGGCTCCAGAGCCACCAGCAGGAGTCAAGGAAGTG--- JELing TTTAAGGAGAAAGTTGACACGAAGGCTCCTGAGCCACCAGCTGGAGCCAAGGAAGTG--- JEVellorep20778 TTCAAGGAGAAAGTTGACACGAAGGCTCCTGAGCCACCAGCTGGAGTCAGGGAAGTG--- KunjinMRM61C TTCAAAGAGAAGGTGGACACGAAAGCTCCGGAACCGCCAGAAGGAGTGAAGTATGTG--- MVE TTCAAAGAGAAGGTTGACACAAAAGCTCCTGAGCCTCCCCAAGGAGTGAAGACTGTG--- TBEVasilchenko TTCAAGGAGAAGGTTGACACCAAGGCTCAAGAGCCTCAGCCTGGCACAAAGGTCATC--- WN2741 TTCAAAGAGAAGGTGGACACGAAAGCTCCTGAACCGCCAGAAGGAGTGAAGTACGTG--- WNChin01 TTCAAAGAGAAGGTGGACACGAAAGCTCCCGAACCGCCAGAAGGAGTGAAGTATGTG--- WNNY99eqhs TTCAAAGAGAAGGTGGACACGAAAGCTCCTGAACCGCCAGAAGGAGTGAAGTACGTG--- Den1280par00 TTTAAAGAGAAAGTAGACACGCGCACGCCGAGAGCAAAACGAGGCACAGCACAAATT--- Den1293arg00 TTTAAAGAGAAAGTAGATACGCGCACGCCGAGAGCAAAACGAGGCACAGCACAAATT--- 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3DEN1S27590 TTTAAAGAGAAAGTTGACACGCGCACACCAAAAGCAAAACGAGGCACAGCACAAATC--- Den2JamaicaN1409 TTCAAAGAGAAAGTGGACACGAGAACCCAAGAACCGAAGGAAGGCACAAAGAAACTG--- Den2NewGuineaC TTTAAAGAAAAAGTGGACACGAGAACCCAAGAACCGAAAGAAGGCACAAAGAAACTA--- เมื่อDen2TSV01 09/10/2564 TTCAAAGAGAAAGTGGACACGAGAACCCAAGAACCGAAAGAAGGCACGAAAAAACTA--- 02:27:14 Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTTAAAGAGAAAGTGGACACCAGGACACCTAGGCCCATGCCAGGAACAAGAAAGGTT--- Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTTAAAGAGAAAGTGGACACCAGGACACCCAGGTCCATGCCAGGAACAAGAAGGGTC--- Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTTAAAGAGAAAGTGGACACCAGGACGCCCAGGCCCATGCCAGGGACAAGAAAGGCT--- Den4 TTCAAAGAGAAGGTGGATACCAGAACACCACAACCAAAACCCGGTACACGAATGGTT--- Den4814669 TTCAAAGAGAAGGTGGATACCAGAACACCACAACCAAAACCCGGTACACGAATGGTT--- Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TTTAAAGAGAAGGTGGACACCAGAACACCACAACCAAAGCCTGGCACACGAATGGTC--- YF8582H TTCAAAGAAAAAGTTGACACCAGAGCAAAGGATCCACCCGCGGGAACCAGAAAAATC--- YFTrinidad79A788 TTTAAAGAAAAAGTTGACACCAGAGCAAAGGATCCACCAGCGGGAACCAGGAAGATC---
[1141 1200] CFA AGGACGATTACAAAGCATTTTATTCGGCTCTTCAAGAATCGCAACTTACGACCGCGTATT JEBeijing1 CTCAACGAGACCACCAACTGGCTGTGGGCCCACTTGTCACGGGAAAAAAGACCCCGCTTG JEJa0ArS982 CTCAACGAGACCACCAACTGGCTGTGGGCCCACTTGTCACGGGAAAAAAGACCCCGCTTG JEK94P05 CTCAACGAGACCACCAACTGGCTGTGGGCCCACTTGTCACGGGAGAAACGACCCCGCTTG JELing CTCAACGAGACCACCAACTGGCTGTGGGCCCACTTGTCACGGGAAAAAAGACCCCGCTTG JEVellorep20778 CTCAATGAGACCACCAATTGGCTGTGGGCCCACTTGTCACGGGAAAAAAGACCTCGCTTG KunjinMRM61C CTCAATGAAACCACCAACTGGTTGTGGGCGTTCCTGGCACGAGAAAAGCGTCCCAGAATG MVE ATGGATGAGACCACCAACTGGCTGTGGGCTTATTTGGCTAGGAACAAAAAAGCCAGACTG TBEVasilchenko ATGAGAGCGGTGAATGACTGGATCTTGGAACGACTGGCACAAAAGAGTAAACCACGAATG WN2741 CTCAACGAGACCACCAACTGGTTGTGGGCGTTTTTGGCCAGAGAAAAACGTCCCAGAATG WNChin01 CTCAACGAAACCACCAACTGGTTGTGGGCTTTTCTGGCCAGAGAAAAACGTCCCAGAATG WNNY99eqhs CTCAACGAGACCACCAACTGGTTGTGGGCGTTTTTGGCCAGAGAAAAACGTCCCAGAATG Den1280par00 ATGGAGGTGACAGCCAAGTGGCTATGGGGTTTCCTTTCCAGAAACAAAAAACCCAGAATC Den1293arg00 ATGGAGGTGACAGCCAAGTGGCTATGGGGTTTCCTTTCCAGAAACAAAAAACCCAGAATC DEN1S27590 ATGGAGGTGACAGCCAGGTGGTTATGGGGTTTTCTCTCTAGAAACAAAAAACCAAGAATT Den2JamaicaN1409 ATGAAAATCACGGCAGAGTGGCTTTGGAAAGAACTAGGAAAGAAAAAGACACCTAGGATG Den2NewGuineaC ATGAAAATCACGGCAGAGTGGCTTTGGAAAGAACTAGGGAAGAAAAAGACACCTAGGATG Den2TSV01 ATGAAAATCACGGCAGAATGGCTCTGGAAAGAACTAGGAAAGAAAAAGACACCTAGGATG Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATGGAGATCACAGCGGAGTGGCTTTGGAGGACCCTGGGAAGGAACAAAAGACCCAGATTA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATGGGGATCACAGCGGAGTGGCTCTGGAGAACCCTGGGAAGGAACAAAAAACCCAGGTTA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATGGAGATCACAGCGGAGTGGCTCTGGAGAACCCTGGGAAGGAACAAAAGACCCAGATTA Den4 ATGACCACGACAGCCAATTGGCTGTGGGCCCTCCTTGGAAAGAAGAAAAATCCCAGACTG Den4814669 ATGACCACGACAGCCAATTGGCTGTGGGCCCTCCTTGGAAAGAAGAAAAATCCCAGACTG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ATGACCACGACAGCCAATTGGCTGTGGGCTCTCCTCGGGAAGAAGAAAAAACCCAGACTG YF8582H ATGAAAGTTGTCAACAGATGGCTCTTCCGTCACTTGGCCAGGGAGAAGAATCCTAGACTG YFTrinidad79A788 ATGAAAGTTGTCAACAGGTGGCTGTTCCGCCACCTGGCCAGAGAAAAGAACCCCAGACTG
[1201 1260] CFA TTATCAAAAGAAGAATTCGTCGCCAACGTTCGAAATGACGCGGCTGTGGGATCG---TGG JEBeijing1 TGCACCAAGGAAGAATTCATGAAGAAAGTCAATAGCAGCGCGGCTCTTGGAGCAGTGTTC JEJa0ArS982 TGCACCAAGGAAGAATTTATAAAGAAAGTCAACAGCAACGCGGCTCTTGGAGCAGTGTTC JEK94P05 TGCACTAAGGAAGAATTCATAAACAAAGTCAACAGCAACGCGTCTCTCGGAACAGTGTTC JELing TGCACCAAGGAAGAATTCATAAAGAAAGTCAATAGCAGCGCGGCTCTTGGAGCAGTGTTC JEVellorep20778 TGCACCAAGGAAGAATTCATAAAGAAAGTTAATAGCAACGCGGCTCTTGGAGCAGTGTTT KunjinMRM61C TGCTCGCGAGAGGAATTTATAAGGAAGGTCAATAGTAATGCAGCTCTGGGCGCCATGTTT MVE TGCACCAGAGAGGAGTTTGTGAAAAAAGTGAACAGCCACGCCGCCTTGGGAGCCATGTTT TBEVasilchenko TGCAGTAAAGAGGAATTCATAGCAAAGGTGAAATCCAATGCGGCCCTGGGGGCGTGGTCT WN2741 TGCTCTCGAGAGGAATTCATAAGAAAGGTCAACAGCAATGCAGCTTTGGGTGCCATGTTT WNChin01 TGCTCTCGAGAGGAATTCATAAAAAAGGTCAATAGCAACGCAGCTCTGGGTGCCATGTTT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 185
WNNY99eqhs TGCTCTCGAGAGGAATTCATAAGAAAGGTCAACAGCAATGCAGCTTTGGGTGCCATGTTT Den1280par00 TGCACAAGAGAGGAGTTCACAAGAAAGGTTAGGTCAAACGCAGCAATAGGAGCAGTGTTC Den1293arg00 TGCACAAGAGAGGAGTTCACAAGAAAGGTTAGGTCAAACGCAGCAATAGGAGCAGTGTTC DEN1S27590 TGTACAAGAGAGGAGTTCACAAGAAAAGTTAGGTCAAACGCAGCCATTGGAGCAGTGTTC Den2JamaicaN1409 TGTACCAGAGAAGAATTCACAAGAAAGGTGAGAAGCAATGCAGCCTTGGGGGCCATATTC Den2NewGuineaC TGCACTAGAGAAGAATTCACAAGAAAGGTGAGAAGCAATGCAGCCTTGGGGGCCATATTC Den2TSV01 TGCACCAGAGAAGAATTCACAAGAAAGGTGAGAAGCAATGCAGCCTTAGGTGCCATATTC Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGCACAAGGGAGGAGTTCACAAAGAAGGTCAGAACCAACGCAGCTATGGGCGCTGTCTTC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGCACAAGGGAAGAGTTTACAAAAAAGGTCAGAACTAACGCAGCCATGGGCGCCGTTTTC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGCACAAGGGAAGAGTTTACAAAAAAGGTCAGAACTAACGCAGCCATGGGCGCCGTTTTC Den4 TGCACAAGGGAAGAGTTCATCTCAAAAGTTAGATCAAACGCAGCCATAGGCGCAGTCTTT Den4814669 TGCACAAGGGAAGAGTTCATCTCAAAAGTTAGATCAAACGCAGCCATAGGCGCAGTCTTT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TGTACAAGGGAAGAGTTCATCTCAAAAGTTAGGTCAAATGCAGCCATAGGCGCAGTCTTT YF8582H TGCACAAAAGAAGAATTCATTGCAAAGGTCCGCAGCCACGCAGCCATTGGAGCCTACCTG YFTrinidad79A788 TGCACAAAGGAAGAATTTATTGCAAAAGTCCGAAGTCATGCAGCCATTGGAGCTTACCTG
[1261 1320] CFA AGCAGGGATGTGCCATGGCGGGATGTGCAAGAAGCCATTCAGGACCAGTGCTTCTGGGAT JEBeijing1 GCTGAACAGAATCAATGGAGCACAGCACGTGAGGCTGTGAATGACCCGCGGTTTTGGGAG JEJa0ArS982 GCTGAACAGAATCAATGGAGCACGGCTCGTGAGGCTGTGGATGACCCGCGGTTCTGGGAG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEK94P05 GCTGAACAGAATCAATGGAGCACGGCTCGTGAGGCTGTGGATGACCCGCGGTTCTGGGAG JELing GCTGAACAGAATCAATGGAGCACAGCACGTGAGGCTGTGAATGACCCGCGGTTTTGGGAG JEVellorep20778 GCTGAACAGAATCAATGGAGCACAGCACGTGAGGCTGTGAATGACCCACGGTTTTGGGAG เมื่อKunjinMRM61C 09/10/2564 GAGGAGCAGAATCAATGGAGGAGTGCTAGAGAAGCGGTTGAAGATCCAAAATTCTGGGAA 02:27:14 MVE GAAGAGCAAAACCAGTGGAAGAACGCACGAGAAGCTGTGGAAGACCCAAAGTTCTGGGAA TBEVasilchenko GATGAGCAGAACAGATGGTCAAATGCGAAAGAGGCTGTGGAAGACCCCGTTTTCTGGCAG WN2741 GAAGAGCAGAATCAATGGAGGAGCGCCAGAGAAGCAGTTGAAGATCCAAAATTTTGGGAG WNChin01 GAGGAGCAGAACCAATGGAGGAGCGCCAGAGAAGCAGTTGAGGATCCAAAATTTTGGGAG WNNY99eqhs GAAGAGCAGAATCAATGGAGGAGCGCCAGAGAAGCAGTTGAAGATCCAAAATTTTGGGAG Den1280par00 GTTGATGAAAACCAATGGAACTCAGCAAAAGAAGCAGTGGAAGACGAAAGGTTTTGGGAT Den1293arg00 GTTGATGAAAACCAATGGAACTCAGCAAAAGAAGCAGTGGAAGACGAAAGGTTTTGGGAT DEN1S27590 GTTGATGAAAATCAATGGAACTCAGCAAAAGAAGCAGTGGAAGATGAGCGGTTCTGGGAC Den2JamaicaN1409 ACTGATGAGAACAAATGGAAATCGGCACGTGAGGCTGTTGAAGATAGTAGGTTTTGGGAG Den2NewGuineaC ACTGATGAGAACAAGTGGAAGTCGGCACGTGAGGCTGTTGAAGATAGTAGGTTTTGGGAG Den2TSV01 ACTGATGAGAACAAGTGGAAGTCGGCACGTGAGGCTGTTGAAGATAGTGGATTTTGGGAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi ACAGAAGAGAACCAATGGGACAGTGCGAGAGCTGCTGTTGAGGACGAAGAATTTTGGAAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ACAGAGGAGAACCAATGGGACAGCGCGAAAGCTGCTGTTGAGGATGAGGATTTTTGGAAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ACAGAGGAGAACCAATGGGACAGTGCGAAAGCTGCTGTTGAGGATGAAGAATTTTGGAAA Den4 CAGGAAGAACAGGGATGGACATCAGCCAGTGAAGCTGTGAATGACAGCCGGTTTTGGGAA Den4814669 CAGGAAGAACAGGGATGGACATCAGCCAGTGAAGCTGTGAATGACAGCCGGTTTTGGGAA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CAGGAAGAACAGGGATGGACATCAGCCAGTGAAGCTGTGAATGACAGCCGATTTTGGGAA YF8582H GAAGAACAAGAACAGTGGAAGACTGCCAACGAGGCTGTCCAGGACCCGAAGTTTTGGGAA YFTrinidad79A788 GAAGAACAAGATCAGTGGAAGACTGCCAACGAGGCCGTCCAAGACCCAAAGTTCTGGGAA
[1321 1380] CFA CTCGTCGGAAAGGAACGGGCCCTCCATCTGCAAGGGAAGTGTGAAATGTGTATCTACAAC JEBeijing1 ATGGTCGATGAAGAGAGGGAAAACCATCTGCGAGGAGAGTGTCACACATGTATCTACAAC JEJa0ArS982 ATGGTTGATGAAGAGAGGGAAAACCATCTGCGAGGAGAGTGTCATACATGTATCTACAAC JEK94P05 ATGGTTGATGAAGAGAGGGAAAACCATCTGCGAGGAGAGTGTCATACATGTATCTACAAC JELing ATGGTCGATGAAGAGAGGGAAAACCATCTGCGAGGAGAGTGTCACACATGTATCTACAAC JEVellorep20778 ATGGTCGATGAAGAGAGGGAAAACCACCTGCGAGGAGAGTGTCACACATGTATCTACAAC KunjinMRM61C ATGGTGGATGAAGAGCGTGAGGCGCACTTACGCGGAGAATGTCATACTTGCATTTACAAC MVE ATGGTGGATGAGGAAAGGGAATGCCACCTCCGAGGGGAATGCCGAACCTGCATATATAAC TBEVasilchenko CTTGTGGACGAAGAGAGAGAGAGACACCTTGCCGGGAGATGCGCCCATTGCGTGTACAAC WN2741 ATGGTGGATGAGGAGCGCGAGGCACATCTGCGGGGGGAATGTCACACTTGCATTTACAAC WNChin01 ATGGTGGATGAGGAGCGCGAGGCACACCTGCGGGGGGAATGTCACACTTGCATCTACAAC WNNY99eqhs ATGGTGGATGAGGAGCGCGAGGCACATCTGCGGGGGGAATGTCACACTTGCATTTACAAC Den1280par00 CTCGTGCACAGAGAGAGGGAACTTCATAAACAGGGAAAATGTGCCACGTGTGTCTACAAC Den1293arg00 CTCGTGCACAGAGAGAGGGAACTTCATAAACAGGGAAAATGTGCCACGTGTGTCTACAAC DEN1S27590 CTTGTGCACAGAGAGAGGGAGCTTCACAAACAGGGAAAATGTGCCACGTGTGTTTACAAC Den2JamaicaN1409 CTGGTTGACAGGGAAAGAAATCTCCATCTTGAAGGAAAGTGTGAAACATGTGTGTACAAC Den2NewGuineaC CTGGTTGACAAGGAAAGGAATCTCCATCTTGAAGGAAAGTGTGAAACATGTGTGTATAAC Den2TSV01 TTGGTTGACAAGGAAAGGAATCTCCATCTTGAAGGAAAGTGTGAGACATGTGTGTATAAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi CTTGTGGACAGAGAACGTGAACTCCACAAACTGGGCAAGTGTGGAAGCTGCGTTTACAAC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTTGTGGACAGAGAACGTGAACTCCACAAATTGGGCAAGTGTGGAAGCTGTGTTTACAAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTTGTGGACAGAGAACGTGAACTCCACAAATTGGGCAAATGTGGAAGCTGCGTTTATAAC Den4 CTGGTTGACAAAGAAAGGGCCCTACACCAGGAAGGGAAATGTGAATCGTGTGTCTATAAC Den4814669 CTGGTTGACAAAGAAAGGGCCCTACACCAGGAAGGGAAATGTGAATCGTGTGTCTATAAC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CTGGTTGACAAAGAAAGGACTCTGCACCAGGAAGGGAAATGTGAATCGTGTGTCTACAAC YF8582H TTGGTGGATGAAGAAAGGAGGCTGCACCAACAAGGCAGGTGCCGGACTTGCGTGTACAAC YFTrinidad79A788 CTGGTGGATGAAGAAAGGAAGCTGCACCAACAAGGCAGGTGTCGGACTTGTGTGTACAAC
[1381 1440] Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 186
CFA ACCATGGGCAAGAAGGAGAAAAAGCCCAGCCTAGCTGGCGAGGCCAAGGGCTCAAGGACC JEBeijing1 ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAAAAGAAGCCTGGAGAGTTTGGAAAAGCTAAAGGAAGCAGGGCC JEJa0ArS982 ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAGAAGAAGCCTGGAGAGTTTGGAAAAGCTAAAGGAAGCAGGGCC JEK94P05 ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAGAAGAAGCCTGGAGAGTTTGGAAAAGCTAAAGGAAGCAGGGCC JELing ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAAAAGAAGCCTGGAGAGTTTGGAAAAGCTAAAGGAAGCAGGGCC JEVellorep20778 ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAGAAGAAACCTGGAGAGTTTGGAAAAGCTAAAGGAAGCAGGGCC KunjinMRM61C ATGATGGGAAAGAGGGAGAAAAAACCCGGAGAGTTTGGGAAAGCCAAGGGAAGCAGGGCC MVE ATGATGGGCAAACGTGAGAAAAAACCCGGAGAATTTGGAAAGGCCAAGGGAAGCAGAGCC TBEVasilchenko ATGATGGGCAAGAGAGAGAAGAAGCTTGGAGAGTTTGGAGTGGCCAAGGGAAGCCGAGCC WN2741 ATGATGGGAAAGAGAGAGAAAAAACCCGGAGAGTTCGGAAAGGCCAAGGGAAGCAGAGCC WNChin01 ATGATGGGGAAGAGAGAAAAGAAACCTGGAGAGTTCGGAAAGGCCAAGGGAAGCAGAGCC WNNY99eqhs ATGATGGGAAAGAGAGAGAAAAAACCCGGAGAGTTCGGAAAGGCCAAGGGAAGCAGAGCC Den1280par00 ATGATGGGGAAGAGAGAGAAAAAATTGGGAGAGTTTGGAAAGGCAAAAGGAAGTCGTGCA Den1293arg00 ATGATGGGGAAGAGAGAGAAAAAATTGGGAGAGTTTGGAAAGGCAAAAGGAAGTCGTGCA DEN1S27590 ATGATGGGGAAGAGAGAGAAAAAACTAGGAGAGTTCGGAAAGGCAAAAGGAAGTCGTGCA Den2JamaicaN1409 ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAGAAGAAACTAGGGGAGTTCGGCAAGGCAAAAGGTAGCAGAGCC Den2NewGuineaC ATGATGGGAAAAAGAGAGAAGAAGCTAGGGGAGTTCGGCAAGGCAAAAGGCAGCAGAGCC Den2TSV01 ATGATGGGAAAGAGAGAGAAGAAGCTAGGGGAGTTCGGCAAAGCAAAAGGCAGCAGAGCC Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATGATGGGCAAGAGAGAGAAAAAACTTGGAGAGTTTGGTAAAGCAAAAGGCAGTAGGGCT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATGATGGGCAAGAGAGAGAAGAAACTTGGAGAGTTTGGCAAAGCAAAAGGCAGTAGAGCT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATGATGGGCAAGAGAGAGAAAAAACTTGGAGAGTTTGGCAAAGCAAAAGGCAGTAGAGCT Den4 ATGATGGGAAAACGTGAGAAAAAGTTAGGAGAGTTTGGCAGAGCCAAGGGAAGCCGAGCA Den4814669 ATGATGGGAAAACGTGAGAAAAAGTTAGGAGAGTTTGGCAGAGCCAAGGGAAGCCGAGCA เมื่อDen4ChinaGuanzhouB5 09/10/2564 ATGATGGGAAAACGTGAGAAAAAGTTAGGAGAGTTTGGTAGAGCCAAGGGAAGCCGAGCA 02:27:14 YF8582H ATGATGGGGAAAAGAGAGAAGAAGTTGTCAGAGTTTGGGAAAGCAAAAGGAAGCCGTGCC YFTrinidad79A788 ATGATGGGGAAAAGAGAGAAGAAGCTGTCAGAGTTTGGGAAAGCAAAGGGAAGCCGTGCC
[1441 1500] CFA ATCTGGTACATGTGGCTTGGGAGCCGGTTCCTTGAATTTGAGGCTCTCGGCTTTCTTAAT JEBeijing1 ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGGTATCTAGAGTTTGAAGCTTTGGGGTTCCTGAAT JEJa0ArS982 ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGGTATCTAGAGTTTGAAGCTTTGGGGTTCCTGAAT JEK94P05 ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGGTATCTAGAGTTTGAAGCTTTGGGGTTCCTAAAT JELing ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGGTATCTAGAGTTTGAAGCTTTGGGGTTCCTGAAT JEVellorep20778 ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTCGGAGCACGGTATCTAGAGTTTGAAGCTTTGGGATTCCTGAAT KunjinMRM61C ATCTGGTTTATGTGGCTGGGAGCTCGCTTCCTAGAGTTTGAGGCTCTGGGCTTTCTTAAT MVE ATCTGGTTCATGTGGCTGGGAGCCAGATTCTTGGAGTTTGAAGCTCTAGGATTCCTCAAT TBEVasilchenko ATTTGGTACATGTGGCTGGGAAGCCGCTTTCTGGAGTTTGAGGCACTCGGATTCCTAAAT WN2741 ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTCGGAGCTCGCTTTCTGGAGTTCGAGGCTCTGGGTTTTCTCAAT WNChin01 ATATGGTTCATGTGGCTCGGAGCTCGCTTTCTGGAGTTCGAAGCTCTGGGCTTTCTCAAC WNNY99eqhs ATTTGGTTCATGTGGCTCGGAGCTCGCTTTCTGGAGTTCGAGGCTCTGGGTTTTCTCAAT Den1280par00 ATATGGTACATGTGGCTGGGAGCACGCTTTCTAGAGTTCGAAGCCCTTGGTTTCATGAAT Den1293arg00 ATATGGTACATGTGGCTGGGAGCACGCTTTCTAGAGTTCGAAGCCCTTGGTTTCATGAAT DEN1S27590 ATATGGTACATGTGGTTGGGAGCACGCTTTCTAGAGTTCGAAGCTCTTGGTTTCATGAAC Den2JamaicaN1409 ATATGGTACATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGCTTCTTAGAGTTTGAAGCCCTAGGATTCTTGAAT Den2NewGuineaC ATATGGTACATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGCTTCTTAGAGTTTGAAGCCCTAGGATTCTTGAAT Den2TSV01 ATATGGTACATGTGGCTTGGAGCACGCTTCTTAGAGTTTGAAGCCCTAGGATTCTTGAAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATATGGTACATGTGGTTGGGAGCCAGGTACCTTGAGTTCGAGGCGCTCGGATTCCTCAAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATATGGTACATGTGGTTGGGAGCCAGGTACCTTGAGTTCGAAGCCCTTGGATTCTTAAAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATATGGTACATGTGGTTGGGAGCCAGGTACCTTGAGTTCGAAGCCCTTGGATTCTTAAAT Den4 ATCTGGTACATGTGGCTGGGAGCGCGGTTTCTGGAATTTGAAGCCCTGGGTTTTTTGAAT Den4814669 ATCTGGTACATGTGGCTGGGAGCGCGGTTTCTGGAATTTGAAGCCCTGGGTTTTTTGAAT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ATCTGGTACATGTGGCTAGGAGCGCGGTTTCTGGAATTTGAAGCCCTGGGTTTTTTGAAT YF8582H ATCTGGTACATGTGGCTGGGGGCGCGGTATCTTGAGTTTGAAGCCCTAGGATTCCTGAAT YFTrinidad79A788 ATATGGTATATGTGGCTGGGAGCGCGGTATCTTGAGTTTGAGGCCCTGGGATTCCTGAAT
[1501 1560] CFA GCGGATCACTGGGTCAGTAGGGAGCACTTCCCTGGGGGTGTTGGAGGCGTTGGTGTCAAT JEBeijing1 GAAGACCATTGGCTGAGCCGAGAGAATTCAGGAGGTGGGGTGGAAGGCTCGGGCGTCCAA JEJa0ArS982 GAAGACCATTGGCTGAGCCGAGAGAATTCAGGAGGTGGAGTGGAAGGCTCAGGCGTCCAA JEK94P05 GAAGACCATTGGCTGAGCCGAGAGAATTCAGGAGGTGGGGTGGAAGGTTCAGGCGTCCAA JELing GAAGACCATTGGCTGAGCCGAGAGAATTCAGGAGGTGGGGTGGAAGGCTCGGGCGTCCAA JEVellorep20778 GAAGACCATTGGCTGAGCCGAGAGAATTCAGGAGGTGGAGTGGAAGGCTCAGGCGTCCAA KunjinMRM61C GAGGACCACTGGCTTGGAAGAAAGAACTCGGGGGGCGGGGTCGAGGGTCTGGGCCTCCAG MVE GAAGACCATTGGATGAGTAGAGAGAATTCAGGAGGAGGAGTTGAAGGAGCTGGTATTCAG TBEVasilchenko GAAGACCACTGGGCCTCTAGAGAGTCCAGTGGAGCTGGAGTGGAAGGAATAAGCCTGAAC WN2741 GAAGACCACTGGCTTGGAAGAAAGAACTCAGGAGGAGGTGTCGAGGGCTTGGGCCTCCAA WNChin01 GAAGACCACTGGCTTGGAAGAAAGAACTCAGGAGGCGGGGTCGAGGGCTTGGGCCTCCAA WNNY99eqhs GAAGACCACTGGCTTGGAAGAAAGAACTCAGGAGGAGGTGTCGAGGGCTTGGGCCTCCAA Den1280par00 GAAGATCACTGGTTCAGTAGAGAGAATTCATTCAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACTGCAC Den1293arg00 GAAGATCACTGGTTCAGTAGAGAGAATTCATTCAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACTGCAC DEN1S27590 GAAGATCACTGGTTCAGTAGAGAGAATTCACTCAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACTCCAC Den2JamaicaN1409 GAAGATCACTGGTTCTCCAGAGGGAACTCCCTGAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGGCTGCAC Den2NewGuineaC GAAGATCACTGGTTCTCCAGAGAGAACTCCTTGAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGGCTGCAC Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 187
Den2TSV01 GAAGATCACTGGTTTTCCAGAGAGAACTCCCTGAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGGCTGCAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GAAGACCACTGGTTCTCGCGTGAAAACTCTTACAGTGGAGTAGAAGGAGAAGGACTGCAC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAGACCACTGGTTCTCGCGTGAGAACTCTTACAGTGGAGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACTGCAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAGACCACTGGTTCTCGCGTGAAAACTCTTACAGTGGAGTAGAAGGAGAAGGACTGCAC Den4 GAAGATCACTGGTTTGGCAGAGAAAATTCATGGAGTGGAGTGGAAGGGGAAGGTCTGCAC Den4814669 GAAGATCACTGGTTTGGCAGAGAAAATTCATGGAGTGGAGTGGAAGGGGAAGGTCTGCAC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GAAGATCATTGGTTTGGCAGAGAAAACTCATGGAGTGGAGTGGAAGGGGAAGGCCTGCAC YF8582H GAAGACCATTGGGCATCCAGAGAGAATTCGGGGGGAGGAGTAGAAGGCATTGGTTTACAG YFTrinidad79A788 GAGGACCATTGGGCTTCCAGGGAAAACTCAGGAGGAGGAGTGGAAGGCATTGGCTTACAA
[1561 1620] CFA TATTTCGGGTACTACTTGAAGGACATTGCCAGCAGG---GGAAAATACCTTATCGCGGAC JEBeijing1 AAGCTAGGATACATCATCCGTGACATAGCAGGAAAGCAAGGAGGGAAAATGTACGCTGAT JEJa0ArS982 AAGCTGGGATACATCCTCCGTGACATAGCAGGAAAGCAAGGAGGGAAAATGTACGCTGAT JEK94P05 AAGTTGGGATACATTTTCCGTGACATAGCAGGGAAGCAAGGAGGTAAAATGTATGCCGAT JELing AAGCTAGGATACATCCTCCGTGACATAGCAGGAAAGCAAGGAGGGAAAATGTACGCTGAT JEVellorep20778 AAGCTGGGATACATCCTCCGTGACATAGCAGGAAAGCAAGGAGGGAAAATGTACGCTGAT KunjinMRM61C AAATTAGGCTACATCCTGCGTGAAGTTGGCACCCGACCCGGAGGCAGAATCTACGCTGAT MVE AAGCTGGGATACATCTTGAGAGATGTGGCTCAAAAGCCTGGAGGGAAAATTTATGCCGAT TBEVasilchenko TACCTGGGCTGGCACCTAAAAAAATTGTCAACATTGGAAGGAGGCCTCTTCTATGCGGAT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3WN2741 AAACTGGGTTACATCCTGCGTGAAGTTGGCACCCGGCCTGGGGGCAAGATCTATGCTGAT WNChin01 AAACTGGGTTACATCCTGCGTGAAGTTGGCACCCGACCTGGAGGCAAGATCTATGCTGAT WNNY99eqhs AAACTGGGTTACATCCTGCGTGAAGTTGGCACCCGGCCTGGGGGCAAGATCTATGCTGAT เมื่อDen1280par00 09/10/2564 AAACTTGGATACATACTCAGAGACATATCAAAGATCCCGGGGGGAAACATGTATGCAGAT 02:27:14 Den1293arg00 AAACTTGGATACATACTCAGAGACATATCAAAGATCCCGGGGGGAAACATGTATGCAGAT DEN1S27590 AAACTCGGATATATACTCAGAGACATATCAAAGATTCCAGGGGGAAATATGTATGCAGAT Den2JamaicaN1409 AAGCTAGGCTACATTTTAAGAGACGTGAGCAAGAAGGAAGGGGGAGCAATGTACGCCGAT Den2NewGuineaC AAGCTAGGTTACATTTTAAGAGACGTGAGCAAGAAAGAGGGAGGAGCAATGTATGCCGAT Den2TSV01 AAACTAGGCTACATTTTAAGAGACGTGAGTAAGAAAGAAGGAGGAGCAATGTACGCCGAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi AAGCTGGGATACATCTTGAGAGATATTTCCAAGATACCCGGAGGAGCCATGTATGCTGAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AAGCTAGGCTATATATTAAGGGACATTTCCAAGATACCCGGAGGAGCTATGTATGCTGAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AAGCTAGGCTACATATTAAGGGACATTTCCAAGATACCCGGAGGAGCCATGTATGCTGAT Den4 AGATTGGGATATATCCTGGAGGAGATAGACAAGAAGGATGGAGACCTAATGTATGCTGAT Den4814669 AGATTGGGATATATCCTGGAGGAGATAGACAAGAAGGATGGAGACCTAATGTATGCTGAT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 AGATTGGGATATATCCTGGAGGACATTGACAAGAAGGATGGAGACCTGATATATGCTGAT YF8582H TACCTAGGATATGTGATCAGAGACTTGGCTGCAATGGATGGTGGGGGATTCTACGCGGAT YFTrinidad79A788 TACCTAGGATATGTGATCAGAGACCTGGCTGCAATGGATGGTGGTGGACTCTACGCGGAT
[1621 1680] CFA GACATTGCTGGATGGGACACAAAAATTAGTGAGGAGGATCTGGAGGATGAGGAAGCTCTT JEBeijing1 GATACCGCTGGGTGGGACACTAGAATTACCAGAACTGATTTAGAAAATGAGGCTAAGGTG JEJa0ArS982 GACACCGCCGGATGGGACACTAGAATTACCAGAACTGATTTAGAAAATGAAGCCAAGGTG JEK94P05 GACACCGCCGGGTGGGACACCAGAATCACTAGAACCGACTTGGAAAATGAAGCCAAAGTG JELing GATACCGCTGGGTGGGACACTAGAATTACCAGAACTGATTTAGAAAATGAGGCTAAGGTG JEVellorep20778 GACACCGCCGGGTGGGACACTAGAATTACCAGAACTGACTTAGAAAATGAAGCTAAGGTG KunjinMRM61C GACACAGCCGGTTGGGACACCCGCATCACAAGAGCTGACCTGGAGAATGAAGCCAAGGTT MVE GACACAGCTGGTTGGGACACCCGCATCACACAAGCTGACCTTGAGAACGAAGCTAAAGTT TBEVasilchenko GACACGGCTGGCTGGGACACCAAGGTCACCAATGCAGATCTAGAGGATGAGGAGCAGATC WN2741 GACACAGCTGGCTGGGACACCCGCATCACGAGAGCTGACTTGGAAAATGAAGCTAAGGTG WNChin01 GACACAGCTGGCTGGGACACCCGCATCACGAGAGCTGATTTGGAAAATGAAGCTAAGGTT WNNY99eqhs GACACAGCTGGCTGGGACACCCGCATCACGAGAGCTGACTTGGAAAATGAAGCTAAGGTG Den1280par00 GACACAGCCGGATGGGACACAAGAATAACAGAGGATGATCTTCAGAATGAGGCCAAAATC Den1293arg00 GACACAGCCGGATGGGACACAAGAATAACAGAGGATGATCTTCAGAATGAGGCCAAAATC DEN1S27590 GACACAGCCGGATGGGATACAAGGATAACAGAGGATGATCTTCAGAATGAGGCCAAAATT Den2JamaicaN1409 GACACAGCAGGATGGGACACAAGAATCACACTAGAAGACTTAAAAAATGAAGAAATGGTA Den2NewGuineaC GACACCGCAGGATGGGACACAAGAATCACACTAGAAGACCTAAAAAATGAAGAAATGGTA Den2TSV01 GACACCGCAGGATGGGACACAAGAATCACACTAGAGGACTTAAAAAATGAAGAAATGGTG Den3802ChinaGuangxi GACACAGCCGGTTGGGACACAAGAATAACAGAAGATGACCTGCACAATGAGGAAAAAATC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GACACAGCTGGTTGGGACACAAGAATAACAGAAGATGACCTGCACAATGAGGAAAAGATC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GACACAGCTGGTTGGGACACAAGAATAACAGAAGATGACCTGCACAATGAGGAAAAGATC Den4 GACACAGCAGGCTGGGACACAAGAATCACTGAGGATGACCTTCAAAATGAGGAACTGATC Den4814669 GACACAGCAGGCTGGGACACAAGAATCACTGAGGATGACCTTCAAAATGAGGAACTGATC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GATACAGCTGGTTGGGACACAAGAATCACTGAAGATGACCTTCTAAATGAAGAACTGATC YF8582H GATACCGCTGGGTGGGACACACGCATCACAGAGGCAGACCTTGATGATGAACAGGAGATC YFTrinidad79A788 GACACCGCTGGATGGGACACGCGCATCACAGAGGCAGACCTTGATGATGAACAGGAGATC
[1681 1740] CFA CTAACAGCCCTCACGGAAGACCCCTACCACAGAGCGTTGATGGCGGCTACCATGCGACTG JEBeijing1 CTGGAGCTCCTAGACGGTGAA------CACCGCATGCTCGCCCGAGCCATAATTGAACTG JEJa0ArS982 CTGGAGCTCCTAGACGGTGAA------CACCGCATGCTCGCTCGAGCCATAATTGAACTG JEK94P05 CTGGAGCTTTTGGATGGTGAA------CACCGCATGCTCGCCCGAGCCATAATTGAACTA JELing CTGGAGCTCCTAGACGGTGAA------CACCGCATGCTCGCCCGAGCCATAATTGAACTG JEVellorep20778 CTGGAGCTCCTAGACGGTGAA------CACCGCAAGCTCGCCCGAGCCATAATCGAACTC Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 188
KunjinMRM61C CTTGAGTTGTTGGACGGGGAG------CACCGGCGCCTGGCCAGGGCCATCATTGAGCTC MVE CTGGAGTTGATGGAAGGTGAG------CAGCGGACTTTGGCAAGAGCAATCATTGAGCTG TBEVasilchenko TTGCGTTACATGGAGGGTGAG------CACAGACAGCTGGCGGCCACGATAATGCAAAAG WN2741 CTTGAGCTGCTTGATGGGGAA------CATCGGCGTCTTGCCAGGGCCATCATTGAGCTC WNChin01 CTTGAGCTGCTGGATGGGGAA------CATCGGCGTCTTGCCAGGGCCATCATTGAGCTC WNNY99eqhs CTTGAGCTGCTTGATGGGGAA------CATCGGCGTCTTGCCAGGGCCATCATTGAGCTC Den1280par00 ACTGACATCATGGAGCCTGAA------CACGCTCTATTAGCTACGTCAATTTTTAAGCTG Den1293arg00 ACTGACATCATGGAGCCTGAA------CACGCTCTATTAGCTACGTCAATTTTTAAGCTG DEN1S27590 ACTGACATCATGGAGCCCGAA------CATGCCCTACTGGCTACGTCAATCTTCAAGCTG Den2JamaicaN1409 ACAAACCACATGGAAGGAGAA------CACAAGAAACTAGCCGAGGCCATATTCAAATTA Den2NewGuineaC ACAAACCACATGGAAGGAGAA------CACAAGAAACTAGCCGAGGCCATTTTCAAATTA Den2TSV01 ACAAACCACATGGAAGGAGAA------CACAAGAAACTTGCTGAAGCCATTTTCAAATTA Den3802ChinaGuangxi ACACAGCAGATGGACCCTGAA------CACAGGCAGCTAGCGAACGCTATATTCAAGCTC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ACACAGCAAATGGACCCTGAA------CACAGGCAGTTAGCGAACGCTATATTTAAGCTC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATACAGCAAATGGACCCTGAA------CACAGGCAGTTAGCGAACGCTATATTCAAGCTC Den4 ACGGAACAGATGGCTCCCCAC------CACAAGATCCTAGCCAAAGCCATTTTCAAACTA Den4814669 ACGGAACAGATGGCTCCCCAC------CACAAGATCCTAGCCAAAGCCATTTTCAAACTA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ACGGAACAGATGGCCCCTCAC------CATAAGATCCTAGCCAAAGCTATTTTCAAACTA YF8582H CTGAATTACATGAGCTCACAT------CACAAAAAACTGGCACAAGCAGTGATGGAAATG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YFTrinidad79A788 TTGAACTACATGAGCCCACAT------CACAAAAAACTGGCACAAGCAGTGATGGAAATG [1741 1800] CFA GCATATCAGAACATTGTGGCCATGTTTCCACGAACACACTCAAAATACGGCAGCGGCACG เมื่อJEBeijing1 09/10/2564 ACTTACAGGCACAAAGTGGTCAAGGTCATGAGACCTGCAGCA------GAAGGAAAGACC 02:27:14 JEJa0ArS982 ACTTACAGGCACAAAGTGGTCAAGGTCATGAGACCTGCAGCA------GAAGGAAAGACC JEK94P05 ACGTACAGGCACAAAGTGGTCAAGGTTATGAGACCTGCAGCA------GGAGGAAAGACA JELing ACTTACAGGCACAAAGTGGTCAAGGTCATGAGACCTGCAGCA------GAAGGAAAGACC JEVellorep20778 ACTTACAGGCACAAAGTGGTCAAGGTCATGAGACCTGCAGCA------GAAGGAAAGACT KunjinMRM61C ACCTATCGCCACAAAGTAGTGAAGGTAATGCGCCCGGCTGCT------GATGGAAGAACC MVE ACATACAGGCACAAAGTGGTCAAGGTCATGCGCCCGGCAGCT------GGAGGAAAGACT TBEVasilchenko GCATACCACGCAAAAGTGGTGAAAGTTGCCAGGCCTTCCCGC------GATGGAGGCTGC WN2741 ACCTATCGTCACAAAGTTGTGAAAGTGATGCGCCCGGCTGCT------GATGGAAGAACC WNChin01 ACCTACCGTCACAAAGTTGTGAAAGTGATGCGCCCGGCTGCT------GATGGAAGAACC WNNY99eqhs ACCTATCGTCACAAAGTTGTGAAAGTGATGCGCCCGGCTGCT------GATGGAAGAACC Den1280par00 ACCTACCAAAACAAGGTGGTAAGGGTGCAAAGACCAGCAAAA------AATGGA---ACC Den1293arg00 ACCTACCAAAACAAGGTGGTAAGGGTGCAAAGACCAGCAAAA------AATGGA---ACC DEN1S27590 ACCTACCAAAATAAGGTGGTAAGGGTACAGAGACCAGCGAAA------AATGGA---ACC Den2JamaicaN1409 ACGTACCAAAACAAGGTGGTGCGTGTGCAAAGACCAACACCA------AGAGGC---ACA Den2NewGuineaC ACGTACCAAAACAAGGTGGTGCGTGTGCAAAGACCAACACCA------AGAGGC---ACA Den2TSV01 ACGTACCAAAACAAGGTGGTGCGTGTGCAAAGACCAACACCA------AGAGGC---ACA Den3802ChinaGuangxi ACATACCAAAACAAAGTAGTCAAAGTCCAACGACCAACTCCA------AAGGGC---ACG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ACATACCAAAACAAAGTGGTCAAAGTTCAACGACCGACTCCA------ACAGGC---ACG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ACATACCAAAACAAAGTGGTCAAAGTTCAACGACCGACTCCA------ACGGGC---ACG Den4 ACCTATCAAAACAAAGTGGTGAAAGTCCTCAGACCCACACCG------AGAGGA---GCG Den4814669 ACCTATCAAAACAAAGTGGTGAAAGTCCTCAGACCCACACCG------AGAGGA---GCG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ACTTATCAAAACAAAGTGGTGAAAGTCCTCAGACCCACACCG------AAAGGA---GCG YF8582H ACATACAAGAATAAGGTGGTGAAAGTGCTGAGACCAACACCA------GGCGGGAAAGCC YFTrinidad79A788 ACATACAAGAACAAAGTGGTGAAAGTGTTGAGACCAGCCCCA------GGAGGGAAAGCC
[1801 1860] CFA GTGATGGACGTCGTTGGCCGTCGAGACCAACGTGGGTCAGGGCAAGTAGTCACATATGCG JEBeijing1 GTGATGGACGTGATATCAAGAGAAGATCAAAGGGGGAGTGGACAGGTGGTCACTTATGCA JEJa0ArS982 GTAATGGACGTGATATCAAGAGAAGATCAAAGGGGGAGTGGACAGGTGGTCACTTATGCC JEK94P05 GTGATGGACGTGATATCACGAGAAGACCAAAGGGGGAGCGGGCAGGTGGTGACATACGCT JELing GTGATGGACGTGATATCAAGAGAAGATCAAAGGGGGAGTGGACAGGTGGTCACTTATGCA JEVellorep20778 GTGATGGACGTGATATCAAGAGAAGACCAAAGGGGGAGTGGACAGGTGGTCACTTATGCC KunjinMRM61C GTCATGGACGTCATCTCCAGGGAAGACCAGAGAGGAAGTGGGCAAGTTGTCACCTACGCT MVE GTGATGGATGTCATTTCACGCGAAGATCAAAGAGGAAGTGGACAAGTAGTGACCTATGCT TBEVasilchenko ATCATGGATGTCATCACGAGAAGAGACCAGAGGGGATCAGGCCAGGTTGTGACCTATGCT WN2741 GTCATGGATGTTATCTCCAGAGAAGATCAGAGGGGGAGTGGACAAGTTGTCACCTACGCC WNChin01 GTCATGGATGTTATCTCCAGAGAAGATCAGAGGGGGAGTGGACAAGTTGTCACCTACGCT WNNY99eqhs GTCATGGATGTTATCTCCAGAGAAGATCAGAGGGGGAGTGGACAAGTTGTCACCTACGCC Den1280par00 GTGATGGATGTTATATCCAGACGAGACCAGAGAGGAAGTGGGCAGGTCGGAACCTATGGC Den1293arg00 GTGATGGATGTTATATCCAGACGAGACCAGAGAGGAAGTGGGCAGGTCGGAACCTATGGC DEN1S27590 GTGATGGATGTCATATCCAGACGTGACCAGAGAGGAAGTGGCCAGGTCGGAACTTATGGC Den2JamaicaN1409 GTAATGGATATCATATCGAGAAGAGACCAAAGAGGCAGTGGGCAAGTCGGCACCTATGGC Den2NewGuineaC GTAATGGATATCATATCGAGAAGAGACCAAAGAGGTAGTGGACAAGTTGGTACCTATGGA Den2TSV01 GTAATGGACATTATATCGAGAAGAGACCAAAGAGGTAGTGGACAAGTTGTCACCTACGGC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTAATGGACATCATATCTAGGAAAGACCAAAGAGGCAGTGGACAGGTGGGAACTTATGGT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTAATGGACATCATATCTAGGAAAGACCAAAGAGGCAGTGGACAGGTAGGAACTTATGGT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTAATGGATATTATATCTAGGAAAGACCAAAGGGGCAGTGGACAACTGGGAACTTATGGC Den4 GTGATGGATATCATATCCAGGAAAGACCAAAGAGGTAGTGGACAAGTTGGAACATATGGT Den4814669 GTGATGGATATCATATCCAGGAAAGACCAAAGAGGTAGTGGACAAGTTGGAACATATGGT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 189
Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GTGATGGACATAATATCCAGGAAAGACCAAAGAGGTAGTGGACAGGTCGGAACATATGGT YF8582H TACATGGATGTCATAAGCCGGAGAGACCAAAGAGGGTCCGGGCAGGTGGTGACCTATGCC YFTrinidad79A788 TACATGGATGTCATAAGTCGACGAGACCAGAGAGGATCCGGGCAGGTAGTGACTTATGCT
[1861 1920] CFA TTGAACACCATAACAAATGGTAAGGTCCAGGTGGCGAGAGTTTTAGAAAGTGAAGGACTA JEBeijing1 CTTAACACTTTCACGAATATCGCTGTCCAGCTCGTCAGGCTGATGGAGGCTGAGGGGGTC JEJa0ArS982 CTTAACACTTTCACGAACATTGCTGTCCAGCTCGTCAGGCTGATGGAGGCTGAGGGGGTC JEK94P05 CTCAACACATTCACGAACATTGCCGTCCAGCTTGTCCGCTTGATGGAGGCTGAAGGGGTC JELing CTTAACACTTTCACGAATATCGCTGTCCAGCTCGTCAGGCTGATGGAGGCTGAGGGGGTC JEVellorep20778 CTCAACACTTTTACGAACATCGCTGTCCAGCTCGTCCGGCTGATGGAGGCTGAGGGGGTC KunjinMRM61C CTAAACACCTTTACCAACCTGGCTGTCCAATTGGTGAGAATGATGGAAGGAGAGGGTGTG MVE TTAAACACATTCACCAACATCGCTGTGCAATTGGTTAGACTCATGGAAGCCGAAGCGGTC TBEVasilchenko CTCAATACCCTCACTAACATAAAGGTGCAGTTGATCCGAATGATGGAGGGGGAAGGAGTC WN2741 CTAAACACTTTCACCAACCTGGCCGTCCAGCTGGTGAGGATGATGGAAGGGGAAGGAGTG WNChin01 CTAAACACCTTCACCAACCTGGCCGTCCAGTTGGTGAGGATGATGGAAGGGGAAGGAGTG WNNY99eqhs CTAAACACTTTCACCAACCTGGCCGTCCAGCTGGTGAGGATGATGGAAGGGGAAGGAGTG Den1280par00 CTAAATACTTTCACCAATATGGAGGTCCAACTAATAAGACAAATGGAGTCTGAAGGAATT Den1293arg00 CTAAATACTTTCACCAATATGGAGGTCCAACTAATAAGACAAATGGAGTCTGAAGGAATT DEN1S27590 TTAAACACTTTCACTAACATGGAAGCCCAGCTAATAAGACAAATGGAGTCTGAGGGAATC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den2JamaicaN1409 CTTAATACTTTCACCAACATGGAAGCTCAATTAATTAGACAGATGGAGGGAGAAGGAATC Den2NewGuineaC CTCAATACTTTCACCAATATGGAAGCCCAACTAATCAGACAGATGGAGGGAGAAGGAGTC Den2TSV01 CTCAATACTTTCACCAACATGGAAGCCCAACTGATCAGACAGATGGAGGGAGAAGGAGTC เมื่อDen3802ChinaGuangxi 09/10/2564 CTGAACACATTCACCAACATGGAAGCCCAGCTAATCAGACAAATGGAAGGAGAAGGCGTG 02:27:14 Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTGAATACATTCACCAACATGGAAGCCCAGTTAATCAGACAAATGGAAGGAGAAGGTGTG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTGAATACATTCACCAACATGGAAGCCCAGTTAGTCAGACAAATGGAAGGAGAAGGTGTG Den4 TTGAACACATTCACCAACATGGAAGTTCAACTCATCCGCCAAATGGAAGCTGAAGGAGTC Den4814669 TTGAACACATTCACCAACATGGAAGTTCAACTCATCCGCCAAATGGAAGCTGAAGGAGTC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TTGAACACATTCACTAACATGGAAGTACAACTCATCCGCCAAATGGAAGCTGAAGGAGTC YF8582H CTGAACACCATCACCAACCTGAAAGTCCAATTGATCAGGATGGCAGAAGCAGAGATGGTG YFTrinidad79A788 CTGAACACCATCACCAACTTGAAAGTCCAATTGATCAGAATGGCAGAAGCAGAGATGGTG
[1921 1980] CFA CTGCAAGCGGATGAA------TCGGTGTTGGATGCGTGG JEBeijing1 ATTGGACCACAGCACTTGGAACAGCTACCCAGAAAAAACAAGATAGCTGTCAGGACCTGG JEJa0ArS982 ATTGGACCACAACACTTGGAACAGCTACCTAGAAAAACCAAGATAGCTGTCAGGACCTGG JEK94P05 ATTGGACCACAACACTTGGAACAGCTGCCCAGAAAAAACAAGATAGCTGTTAGGACCTGG JELing ATTGGACCACAGCACTTGGAACAGCTACCCAGAAAAAACAAGATAGCTGTCAGGACCTGG JEVellorep20778 ATTGGACCACAGCACTTGGAACAGCTACCCAGGAAAAACAAGATAGCTGTCAGAACCTGG KunjinMRM61C ATCGGCCCAGATGATGTGGAGAAACTCACAAAGGGGAAAGGGCCCAAGGTTAGAACCTGG MVE ATAGGTCCAGATGACATTGAAAGCATTGAAAGGAAAAAGAAATTTGCAGTCCGCACATGG TBEVasilchenko ATAGAGGCATCAGACGCACATAAC------CCAAGACTACTCCGTGTGGAACGATGG WN2741 ATTGGCCCAGATGATGTGGAGAAACTCACAAAAGGGAAAGGACCCAAAGTCAGGACCTGG WNChin01 ATTGGCCCAGAAGATGTGGAGAAACTCACGAAGGGGAAAGGACCCAAAGTCAGGACCTGG WNNY99eqhs ATTGGCCCAGATGATGTGGAGAAACTCACAAAAGGGAAAGGACCCAAAGTCAGGACCTGG Den1280par00 TTTTTACCCAGCGAATTGGAAACC---CCCAATCTAGCTGAGAGA---GTTCTTAACTGG Den1293arg00 ATTTTACCCAGCGAATTGGAAACC---CCCAATCTAGCTGAGAGA---GTTCTTAACTGG DEN1S27590 TTTTCACCCAGCGAATTGGAGACC---CCAAATTTAGCCGAGAGA---GTTCTCGACTGG Den2JamaicaN1409 TTCAAAAGCATTCAG---CACCTG---ACAGTCACAGAAGAAATCGCTGTACAGAACTGG Den2NewGuineaC TTCAAAAGCATTCAG---CACCTG---ACAGTCACAGAAGAAATCGCCGTGCAAAACTGG Den2TSV01 TTCAAAAGCATCCAG---CACCTG---ACAGTCACAGAAGAAATTGCAGTGAAAAACTGG Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTGTCAAAGGCAGACCTCGAGAAC---CCCCATCCGCTAGAGAAGAAAATTACACAATGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTGTCAAAGGCAGACCTCGAGAAC---CCTCATCTGCCAGAGAAGAAAATTACACAATGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTGACAAAGGCAGACCTCGAGAAC---CCTCATCTGCTAGAGAAGAAAATCACACAATGG Den4 ATCACACAAGATGACATGCAGAAC---CCAAAAGGGTTGAAAGAAAGAGTTGAGAAATGG Den4814669 ATCACACAAGATGACATGCAGAAC---CCAAAAGGGTTGAAAGAAAGAGTTGAGAAATGG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ATCACACAAGATGACATGCACAAC---CCAAAAGGGTTGAAAGAAAGAGTTGAGAAATGG YF8582H ATACATCATCATCATGTTCAAGATTGTGATGACTCGACCTTGGTTAGACTGGAGGCATGG YFTrinidad79A788 ATACATCACCAACATGTTCAAGATTGTGATGAATCAGTTCTGACCAGGCTGGAGGCATGG
[1981 2040] CFA TTGGAAAAACACCTTGAAGAAGCTCTCGGAAACATGGTCATTGCTGGAGACGACGTTGTT JEBeijing1 CTCTTTGAGAATGGAGAGGAGAGAGTGACCAGGATGGCGATCAGCGGAGATGACTGTGTC JEJa0ArS982 CTCTTTGAGAATGGAGAGGAGAGAGTGACCAGGATGGCGATCAGCGGAGATGACTGTGTC JEK94P05 CTCTTTGAGAATGGAGAGGAGAGAGTGACTAGGATGGCGATCAGTGGAGACGACTGCGTC JELing CTCTTTGAGAATGGAGAGGAGAGAGTGACCAGGATGGCGATCAGCGGAGACGACTGTGTC JEVellorep20778 CTCTTTGAGAATGGAGAAGAGAGAGTGACCAGGATGGCGATCAGCGGAGACGACTGTGTC KunjinMRM61C CTGTCTGAGAATGGGGAGGAAAGACTCAGCCGCATGGCTGTCAGTGGAGATGACTGTGTG MVE CTTTTTGAGAACGCAGAAGAAAGAGTGCAGCGCATGGCTGTTAGTGGTGATGACTGTGTT TBEVasilchenko CTGAAAGAACATGGAGAAGAACGCCTTGGAAGAATGCTCGTCAGTGGTGACGACTGTGTG WN2741 CTGTTTGAGAATGGGGAAGAAAGACTCAGCCGCATGGCTGTCAGTGGAGATGACTGTGTG WNChin01 CTGTTTGAGAATGGGGAGGAAAGACTCAGCCGCATGGCTGTCAGCGGGGATGACTGTGTG WNNY99eqhs CTGTTTGAGAATGGGGAAGAAAGACTCAGCCGCATGGCTGTCAGTGGAGATGACTGTGTG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 190
Den1280par00 TTGGAAAAACATGGTACTGAAAGGCTGAAAAGAATGGCAATTAGCGGAGATGATTGTGTG Den1293arg00 TTGGAAAAACATGGTACTGAAAGGCTGAAAAGAATGGCAATTAGCGGAGATGATTGTGTG DEN1S27590 CTGGAAAAATATGGCGTCGAAAGGCTGAAAAGAATGGCAATCAGCGGAGATGACTGCGTG Den2JamaicaN1409 TTAGCAAGAGTGGGGCGTGAAAGGCTATCAAGAATGGCCATCAGTGGAGATGATTGTGTT Den2NewGuineaC TTAGCAAGAGTAGGGCGCGAAAGGTTATCAAGAATGGCCATCAGTGGAGATGATTGTGTT Den2TSV01 TTAGTAAGAGTGGGGCGTGAGAGGTTATCAAGAATGGCCATCAGTGGAGATGATTGTGTT Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTGGAAACTAAAGGAGTGGAGAGGTTAAAAAGAATGGCCATCAGCGGGGATGATTGCGTA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTGGAAACCAAAGGAGTGGAGAGGTTAAAAAGAATGGCCATTAGCGGGGATGATTGCGTA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTGGAAACCAAAGGAGTGGAGAGGTTAAAAAGAATGGCCATTAGCGGGGATGATTGCGTG Den4 CTGAAAGAGTGTGGTGTCGACAGGTTAAAGAGGATGGCAATCAGTGGAGACGATTGCGTG Den4814669 CTGAAAGAGTGTGGTGTCGACAGGTTAAAGAGGATGGCAATCAGTGGAGACGATTGCGTG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CTGAAAGAGTGTGGTGTCGATAGGTTGAAAAGGATGGCAATCAGTGGAGACGATTGTGTG YF8582H CTCATTGAGCATGGATGTGACAGACTGAATAGGATGGCGGTGAATGGAGACGACTGCGTG YFTrinidad79A788 CTCACTGAGCACGGATGTGACAGACTGAGGAGAATGGCGGTGAGTGGAGACGACTGTGTG
[2041 2100] CFA GTGTCGACAGACAATCGCGATTTCTCATCAGCTCTCGAATATCTCGAGCTGACGGGAAAG JEBeijing1 GTCAAGCCGCTGGACGACAGATTCGCCACGGCCCTCCACTTCCTCAACGCAATGTCAAAG JEJa0ArS982 GTCAAGCCGCTGGATGACAGATTCGCCACAGCCCTCCACTTCCTCAACGCAATGTCAAAG JEK94P05 GTCAAGCCGCTGGATGATAGATTCGCCACAGCTCTCCATTTTCTCAACGCAATGTCTAAA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JELing GTCAAGCCGCTGGACGACAGATTCGCCACGGCCCTCCACTTCCTCAACGCAATGTCAAAG JEVellorep20778 GTCAAGCCGCTGGACGACAGATTCGCCACGGCCCTCCACTTCCTCAACGCAATGTCAAAG KunjinMRM61C GTAAAGCCCTTGGATGATCGCTTTGCCACCTCTCTCCACTTTCTCAACGCCATGTCAAAG เมื่อMVE 09/10/2564 GTCAAACCATTGGATGATAGATTTTCCACTGCTTTGCATTTCTTGAACGCCATGTCAAAG 02:27:14 TBEVasilchenko GTGAGACCAATTGATGACAGGTTTGGGAAAGCGCTTTACTTTCTGAATGACATGGCCAAG WN2741 GTAAAGCCCCTGGACGATCGCTTTGCCACCTCGCTCCACTTCCTCAATGCTATGTCAAAG WNChin01 GTAAAGCCCCTAGATGATCGCTTCGCCACCTCTCTCCACTTCCTCAACGCCATGTCAAAG WNNY99eqhs GTAAAGCCCCTGGACGATCGCTTTGCCACCTCGCTCCACTTCCTCAATGCTATGTCAAAG Den1280par00 GTGAAACCAGTTGATGACAGGTTTGCAACAGCCTTAATAGCTCTGAATGACATGGGAAAA Den1293arg00 GTGAAACCAGTTGATGACAGGTTTGCAACAGCCTTAATAGCTCTGAATGACATGGGAAAA DEN1S27590 GTGAAACCAATTGATGACAGGTTCGCAACAGCCTTAACAGCTCTGAATGATATGGGAAAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GTAAAACCTTTAGATGACAGATTTGCAAGTGCTTTAACAGCTCTAAATGACATGGGAAAA Den2NewGuineaC GTGAAACCTTTAGATGACAGGTTCGCAAGCGCTTTAACAGCTCTAAATGACATGGGAAAG Den2TSV01 GTGAAACCCTTAGATGACAGGTTTGCAAGCGCTCTAACAGCTCTAAATGACATGGGAAAG Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTGAAACCAATCGACGACAGATTCGCCAATGCCCTGCTTGCCCTGAACGATATGGGAAAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTGAAACCAATCGATGACAGGTTCGCTAATGCCCTGCTCGCTCTGAACGATATGGGGAAG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTGAAACCAATCGATGACAGGTTCGCTAATGCCCTGCTTGCTTTGAACGATATGGGAAAG Den4 GTGAAGCCCCTAGATGAGAGGTTTGGCACTTCCCTCCTCTTCTTGAACGACATGGGAAAG Den4814669 GTGAAGCCCCTAGATGAGAGGTTTGGCACTTCCCTCCTCTTCTTGAACGACATGGGAAAG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GTGAAGCCTCTGGATGAAAGGTTCAGCACTTCTCTCCTCTTTTTGAACGACATGGGAAAG YF8582H GTCCGGCCTATTGATGACAGGTTCGGCATGGCCTTGTCCCACCTCAACGCCATGTCCAAG YFTrinidad79A788 GTCCGGCCCATCGATGACAGGTTCGGCCTGGCCCTGTCCCATCTCAACGCCATGTCCAAG
[2101 2160] CFA ACCCGGAAAAACGTCCCTCAGGGAGCTCCCTCCAGGATGGAGAGCAACTGGGAAAAGGTG JEBeijing1 GTCAGAAAAGACATCCAGGAATGGAAGCCTTCACATGGCTGGCACGACTGGCAGCAAGTT JEJa0ArS982 GTCAGAAAAGACATCCAGGAATGGAAGCCTTCGCATGGCTGGCACGACTGGCAGCAAGTT JEK94P05 GTCACGAAAGATATCCAGCAATGGAAGCCTTCGCATGGTTGGCACGACTGGCTGCATGTT JELing GTCAGAAAAGACATCCAGGAATGGAAGCCTTCACATGGCTGGCACGACTGGCAGCAAGTT JEVellorep20778 GTCAGAAAAGACATCCAGGAATGGAAGCCTTCGCATGGCTGGCACGACTGGCAGCAAGTT KunjinMRM61C GTGCGCAAGGACATCCAAGAGTGGAAACCATCAACCGGATGGTATGATTGGCAGCAAGTT MVE GTGAGAAAAGACATCCAGGAGTGGAAACCCTCACAAGGCTGGTATGACTGGCAACAAGTC TBEVasilchenko ACCAGGAAGGACATCGGGGAGTGGGAGCACTCGGTCGGATTTTCTAGCTGGGAAGAGGTC WN2741 GTTCGCAAAGACATCCAAGAGTGGAAACCGTCAACTGGATGGTATGATTGGCAGCAGGTT WNChin01 GTTCGCAAAGACATCCAGGAGTGGAAACCATCAACTGGATGGTATGACTGGCAGCAGGTT WNNY99eqhs GTTCGCAAAGACATCCAAGAGTGGAAACCGTCAACTGGATGGTATGATTGGCAGCAGGTT Den1280par00 GTAAGAAAAGACATACCGCAGTGGGAACCTTCAAAAGGATGGAATGACTGGCAGCAAGTG Den1293arg00 GTAAGAAAAGACATACCGCAGTGGGAACCTTCAAAAGGATGGAATGACTGGCAGCAAGTG DEN1S27590 GTAAGAAAAGATATACCACAATGGGAACCCTCAAAAGGATGGAATGATTGGCAACAGGTG Den2JamaicaN1409 GTTAGGAAAGATATACAACAATGGGAACCTTCAAGAGGATGGAACGATTGGACACAAGTG Den2NewGuineaC GTTAGGAAAGACATACAACAATGGGAACCTTCAAGAGGATGGAACGATTGGACACAAGTG Den2TSV01 GTTAGGAAAGACATACAACAATGGGAACCTTCAAGAGGATGGAACGATTGGACACAAGTG Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTTAGGAAGGACATACCTCAATGGCAGCCATCAAAGGGATGGCATGATTGGCAACAGGTC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTTCGGAAAGACATACCTCAATGGCAGCCATCAAAGGGATGGCATGATTGGCAACAGGTT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTTCGGAAAGACATACCTCAATGGCAGCCATCAAAGGGATGGCATGATTGGCAACAGGTT Den4 GTGAGGAAAGACATTCCGCAGTGGGAACCATCTAAGGGATGGAAAAACTGGCAAGAGGTT Den4814669 GTGAGGAAAGACATTCCGCAGTGGGAACCATCTAAGGGATGGAAAAACTGGCAAGAGGTT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GTGAGGAAAGACATTCCGCAGTGGGAACCATCTAAGGGATGGAAAAACTGGCAAGAGGTC YF8582H GTTAGAAAGGACATATCTGAATGGCAGCCATCAAAAGGGTGGAATGACTGGGAGAATGTG YFTrinidad79A788 GTTAGAAAGGACATATCTGAATGGCAGCCATCAAAAGGGTGGAATGATTGGGAGAATGTG
[2161 2220] CFA GAGTTTTGTTCTCACCATTACCATGAAATGTCCCTGAAAGACGGCAGAATCATCATAGCA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 191
JEBeijing1 CCCTTCTGCTCTAACCATTTTCAGGAGATTGTGATGAAAGATGGAAGGAGTATAGTTGTC JEJa0ArS982 CCCTTCTGCTCTAACCATTTTCAGGAGATTGTGATGAAAGATGGAAGGAGCATAGTTGTC JEK94P05 CCCTTTTGCTCCAATCATTTTCATGAGATTGTGATGAAAGATGGAAGGAGCCTACTCGTC JELing CCCTTCTGCTCTAACCATTTTCAGGAGATTGTGATGAAAGATGGAAGGAGTATAGTTGTC JEVellorep20778 CCCTTCTGCTCTAACCATTTTCAGGAGATTGTGATGAAAGATGGAAGGAGTATAGTCGAC KunjinMRM61C CCATTCTGTTCAAACCACTTCACTGAACTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAACACTGGTGACT MVE CCCTTCTGTTCGAATCATTTCCAGGAAGTCATCATGAAAGATGGGAGGACCTTGGTGGTG TBEVasilchenko CCATTCTGTTCACACCATTTCCACGAGCTGGTGATGAAAGATGGGCGTGCCCTGGTGGTG WN2741 CCATTTTGCTCAAACCATTTCACTGAATTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAACACTGGTGGTT WNChin01 CCTTTCTGCTCGAACCATTTCACTGAATTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAACACTGGTGGTT WNNY99eqhs CCATTTTGCTCAAACCATTTCACTGAATTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAACACTGGTGGTT Den1280par00 CCTTTCTGTTCACACCATTTCCACCAGCTGATCATGAAGGATGGGAGGGAAATAGTGGTG Den1293arg00 CCTTTCTGTTCACACCATTTCCACCAGCTGATCATGAAGGATGGGAGGGAAATAGTGGTG DEN1S27590 CCTTTTTGTTCACACCATTTCCACCAGCTGATTATGAAGGATGGGAGGGAAATAGTGGTG Den2JamaicaN1409 CCTTTCTGTTCACACCATTTTCATGAGTTAGTCATGAAAGATGGTCGCGTGCTCGTAGTC Den2NewGuineaC CCCTTCTGTTCACACCATTTCCATGAGTTAATCATGAAAGACGGCCGCGTACTTGTAGTT Den2TSV01 CCCTTTTGTTCACACCATTTCCATGAGTTAATCATGAAGGACGGTCGTGTACTCGTAGTT Den3802ChinaGuangxi CCTTTCTGCTCCCACCACTTTCATGAATTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAAAGTTGGTAGTT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CCTTTCTGCTCCCACCACTTTCATGAATTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAAAGTTGGTGGTT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CCTTTCTGCTCCCACCACTTTCATGAATTGATCATGAAAGATGGAAGAAAGTTGGTGGTT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4 CCTTTTTGCTCCCACCACTTTCACAAGATCTTTATGAAGGATGGCCGCTCACTAGTTGTT Den4814669 CCTTTTTGCTCCCACCACTTTCACAAGATCTTTATGAAGGATGGCCGCTCACTAGTTGTT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CCTTTTTGCTCCCACCACTTTCACAAGATCTTCATGAAGGATGGCCGCTCACTCGTAGTT เมื่อYF8582H 09/10/2564 CCCTTTTGTTCCCACCACTTCCACGAACTGCAGCTGAAGGACGGCAGGAGGATTGTGGTG 02:27:14 YFTrinidad79A788 CCCTTCTGTTCCCACCACTTCCATGAACTACAGCTGAAGGATGGCAGGAGGATTGTGGTG
[2221 2280] CFA CCCTGCAGACATGAGAACGAAGTGCTTGGTCGTAGCCGATTGCAAAAGGGAGGGGTAGTC JEBeijing1 CCGTGCAGAGGACAGGATGAGTTGATAGGCAGGGCTCGCATCTCCCCAGGAGCTGGATGG JEJa0ArS982 CCGTGCAGAGGACAGGATGAGCTGATAGGCAGGGCTCGCATCTCTCCAGGAGCTGGATGG JEK94P05 CCGTGCAGAGGGCAGGATGAGCTGATTGGCCGGGCGCGCATCTCCCCAGGAGCTGGATGG JELing CCGTGCAGAGGACAGGATGAGTTGATAGGCAGGGCTCGCATCTCCCCAGGAGCTGGATGG JEVellorep20778 CCGTGCAGAGGACAGGATGAGCTGATAGGCAGGGCTCGCATCTCCCCAGGAGCTGGATGG KunjinMRM61C CCATGCCGAGGGCAGGATGAGTTAGTGGGCAGAGCTCGCATCTCCCCAGGGGCTGGATGG MVE CCCTGCAGAGGACAGGACGAGCTGATTGGAAGAGCACGAATATCCCCTGGCTCAGGATGG TBEVasilchenko CCGTGCCGAGACCAGGATGAACTGGTTGGAAGGGCTCGTGTCTCACCGGGCTGCGGCTGG WN2741 CCATGCCGAGGACAGGATGAATTGGTAGGCAGAGCTCGCATATCTCCAGGGGCCGGATGG WNChin01 CCATGCCGAGGACAGGACGAACTGGTAGGCAGAGCTCGTATTTCTCCAGGGGCCGGATGG WNNY99eqhs CCATGCCGAGGACAGGATGAATTGGTAGGCAGAGCTCGCATATCTCCAGGGGCCGGATGG Den1280par00 CCATGCCGCAACCAAGATGAACTTGTGGGCAGGGCTAGAGTATCACAAGGCGCCGGATGG Den1293arg00 CCATGCCGCAACCAAGATGAACTTGTGGGCAGGGCTAGAGTATCACAAGGCGCCGGATGG DEN1S27590 CCATGCCGCAACCAAGATGAACTTGTGGGTAGGGCTAGAGTATCACAAGGTGCTGGATGG Den2JamaicaN1409 CCATGCAGAAACCAAGATGAACTGATTGGTAGAGCCCGAATTTCCCAGGGAGCCGGGTGG Den2NewGuineaC CCATGCAGAAACCAAGATGAACTGATTGGTAGAGCCCGAATTTCCCAAGGAGCTGGGTGG Den2TSV01 CCATGTAGAAACCAAGATGAACTGATTGGTAGGGCCCGAATTTCCCAGGGAGCCGGGTGG Den3802ChinaGuangxi CCCTGCAGACCCCAGGACGAACTAATAGGAAGAGCGAGAATCTCTCAAGGAGCAGGATGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CCCTGCAGACCCCAGGACGAACTAATAGGAAGAGCAAGAATCTCTCAAGGAGCGGGATGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CCCTGCAGACCCCAGGACGAACTAATAGGAAGAGCAAGAATCTCTCAAGGAGCGGGATGG Den4 CCATGTAGAAACCAGGATGAACTGATAGGGAGAGCCAGAATCTCGCAGGGAGCTGGATGG Den4814669 CCATGTAGAAACCAGGATGAACTGATAGGGAGAGCCAGAATCTCGCAGGGAGCTGGATGG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 CCATGTAGAAACCAGGATGAACTGATAGGGAGAGCCAGAATCTCGCAAGGGGCTGGATGG YF8582H CCCTGCCGGGAACAAGATGAGCTCATTGGGAGAGGAAGGGTGTCTCCAGGAAATGGCTGG YFTrinidad79A788 CCTTGCCGAGAACAGGACGAGCTCATTGGGAGAGGAAGGGTGTCTCCAGGAAACGGCTGG
[2281 2340] CFA AGCATCTCGGAGAGTGCCTGCATGGCCAAGGCCTATGCCCAGATGTGGGCACTGTATTAT JEBeijing1 AATGTGAAGGACACAGCTTGCTTGGCCAAAGCATATGCACAGATGTGGCTACTCCTATAC JEJa0ArS982 AATGTGAAGGACACAGCTTGTCTGGCCAAAGCATATGCACAGATGTGGCTACTCCTATAC JEK94P05 AATGTGAAGGACACAGCTTGCCTGGCGAAAGCATATGCACAGATGTGGCTACTCCTATAC JELing AATGTGAAGGACACAGCTTGTCTGGCCAAAGCATATGCACAGATGTGGCTACTCCTATAC JEVellorep20778 AATGTGAAGGACACGGCTTGCCTGGCTAAAGCATATGCACAGATGTGGCTGCTCCTATAC KunjinMRM61C AATGTTCGAGACACTGCTTGCTTAGCCAAATCTTATGCTCAGATGTGGTTGCTCCTGTAC MVE AACGTCAGGGACACGGCATGCTTAGCAAAAGCATATGCACAGATGTGGCTTGTGTTGTAC TBEVasilchenko AGCGTCCGCGAGACGGCCTGTCTTTCAAAAGCCTACGGACAAATGTGGCTGCTGAGCTAT WN2741 AACGTCCGCGACACTGCTTGTCTGGCTAAGTCTTATGCCCAGATGTGGCTGCTTCTGTAC WNChin01 AACGTCCGCGACACTGCTTGCTTGGCCAAGTCCTATGCCCAGATGTGGCTGCTCCTGTAC WNNY99eqhs AACGTCCGCGACACTGCTTGTCTGGCTAAGTCTTATGCCCAGATGTGGCTGCTTCTGTAC Den1280par00 AGCCTGAGAGAAACTGCTTGCCTAGGCAAGTCATATGCACAAATGTGGCAGCTGATGTAC Den1293arg00 AGCCTGAGAGAAACTGCTTGCCTAGGCAAGTCATATGCACAAATGTGGCAGCTGATGTAC DEN1S27590 AGCCTGAGAGAAACTGCATGCCTAGGCAAGTCATATGCACAAATGTGGCAGCTGATGTAC Den2JamaicaN1409 TCTTTGAAGGAGACGGCCTGTTTGGGGAAGTCTTACGCCCAAATGTGGACCCTGATGTAC Den2NewGuineaC TCTTTGCGAGAGACGGCCTGTTTGGGGAAGTCCTACGCCCAAATGTGGAGCTTGATGTAC Den2TSV01 TCCTTGCGGGAAACAGCCTGTTTGGGGAAGTCTTACGCCCAAATGTGGAGCCTGATGTAC Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 192
Den3802ChinaGuangxi AGCCTTAGAGAAACTGCATGTCTAGGGAAAGCCTACGCTCAAATGTGGACTCTCATGTAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AGCCTTAGAGAAACCGCATGTCTGGGGAAAGCCTACGCTCAAATGTGGAGTCTCATGTAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AGCCTTAGAGAAACTGCATGTCTGGGGAAAGCCTACGCCCAAATGTGGAGTCTCATGTAT Den4 AGCTTAAGAGAAACAGCCTGCCTGGGCAAAGCTTACGCCCAGATGTGGTCGCTTATGTAC Den4814669 AGCTTAAGAGAAACAGCCTGCCTGGGCAAAGCTTACGCCCAGATGTGGTCGCTTATGTAC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 AGTTTAAGAGAAACAGCTTGCCTGGGCAAAGCTTACGCCCAGATGTGGTCACTCATGTAC YF8582H ATGATCAAGGAAACGGCATGCCTTAGCAAAGCCTATGCCAACATGTGGTCACTGATGTAC YFTrinidad79A788 ATGATCAAGGAAACAGCCTGCCTCAGCAAAGCCTATGCCAACATGTGGTCACTGATGTAT
[2341 2400] CFA TTCCACCGGCGTGATTTGCGCCTAGGTTTCATTGCTATCTCATCGGCTGTGCCAACCAAT JEBeijing1 TTCCATCGCAGGGACTTGCGTCTCATGGCAAATGCAATCTGCTCAGCAGTGCCAGTGGAT JEJa0ArS982 TTCCATCGTAGGGACTTGCGTCTCATGGCAAATGCGATTTGCTCAGCAGTGCCAGTGGAT JEK94P05 TTCCATCGGAGGGACCAACGCCTCATGGCAAATGCAATCTGCTCAGCAGTTCCAGTGGAC JELing TTCCATCGCAGGGACTTGCGTCTCATGGCAAATGCAATTTGCTCAGCAGTGCCAGTGGAT JEVellorep20778 TTCCATCGTAGGGACTTGCGTCTCATGGCAAATGCGATTTGCTCAGCAGTGCCAGTGGAC KunjinMRM61C TTCCACAGAAGAGATCTGCGGTTGATGGCCAACGCCATCTGCTCTGCCGTACCTGTAAAC MVE TTCCATCGACGGGATCTGCGCCTGATGGCCAACGCCATATGCTCTTCAGTCCCAGTTGAC TBEVasilchenko TTCCATCGGCGTGACTTGAGAACACTTGGGCTTGCCATTTGCTCGGCGGTACCCGTGGAC WN2741 TTCCACAGAAGAGACCTGCGGCTCATGGCCAACGCCATTTGCTCCGCTGTCCCTGTGAAT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3WNChin01 TTCCACAGAAGAGACCTGCGGCTAATGGCCAATGCCATTTGCTCCGCTGTCCCTGTGAAC WNNY99eqhs TTCCACAGAAGAGACCTGCGGCTCATGGCCAACGCCATTTGCTCCGCTGTCCCTGTGAAT Den1280par00 TTCCACAGGAGAGACCTAAGACTAGCGGCTAATGCTATCTGTTCAGCTGTCCCAGTTGAC เมื่อDen1293arg00 09/10/2564 TTCCACAGGAGAGACCTAAGACTAGCGGCTAATGCTATCTGTTCAGCTGTCCCAGTTGAC 02:27:14 DEN1S27590 TTCCACAGGAGAGACCTGAGACTAGCTGCTAATGCTATCTGTTCAGCCGTTCCAGTTGAT Den2JamaicaN1409 TTCCACAGACGTGACCTCAGACTGGCGGCAAATGCTATTTGCTCGGCAGTCCCGTCACAT Den2NewGuineaC TTCCACAGACGTGACCTCAGGCTGGCGGCTAATGCTATTTGCTCGGCAGTCCCATCACAT Den2TSV01 TTCCACAGACGTGACCTTAGGCTGGCGGCAAATGCCATTTGCTCGGCAGTCCCATCACAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTTCACAGAAGAGATCTTAGACTAGCATCCAACGCCATATGTTCAGCAGTACCAGTCCAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTTCACAGAAGAGACCTCAGACTAGCATCCAACGCCATATGTTCAGCAGTACCAGTCCAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTTCACAGAAGAGATCTCAGATTAGCATCCAACGCCATATGTTCAGCAGTACCAGTCCAC Den4 TTCCACAGAAGGGATCTGCGTTTAGCCTCCATGGCCATATGCTCAGCAGTTCCAACGGAA Den4814669 TTCCACAGAAGGGATCTGCGTTTAGCCTCCATGGCCATATGCTCAGCAGTTCCAACGGAA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TTTCACAGAAGGGACCTGCGTTTAGCCTCCATGGCGATATGCTCAGCAGTTCCAACAGAA YF8582H TTTCACAAGAGGGACATGAGATTGTTGTCATTGGCTGTTTCCTCGGCCGTTCCCACCTCA YFTrinidad79A788 TTTCACAAAAGGGACATGAGGCTGTTGTCATTGGCTGTTTCCTCAGCTGTTCCCACCTCA
[2401 2460] CFA TGGTTCCCACTAGGACGCACCTCGTGGTCAGTCCACCAGTATCACGAATGGATGACCACT JEBeijing1 TGGGTGCCCACAGGCAGGACATCCTGGTCAATACACTCGAAAGGAGAGTGGATGACCACG JEJa0ArS982 TGGGTGCCCACAGGCAGGACGTCCTGGTCAATACACTCGAAAGGAGAGTGGATGACCACG JEK94P05 TGGGTGCCCACAGGCAGAACATCCTGGTCAATACACTCAAAAGGAGAGTGGATGACCACT JELing TGGGTGCCCACAGGCAGGACGTCCTGGTCAATACACTCGAAAGGAGAGTGGATGACCACG JEVellorep20778 TGGGTGCCCACAGGTAGGACATCCTGGTCAATACACTCGAAAGGAGAGTGGATGACCACA KunjinMRM61C TGGGTCCCTACTGGAAGAACCACATGGTCCATCCACGCTGGAGGAGAGTGGATGACAACG MVE TGGGTTCCAACCGGCAGGACTACTTGGTCCATCCATGGAAAAGGAGAATGGATGACAACA TBEVasilchenko TGGGTCCCTACCGGCCGCACAACCTGGAGCATTCATGCCAGTGGAGCTTGGATGACCACA WN2741 TGGGTCCCTACCGGAAGAACCACGTGGTCCATCCATGCAGGAGGAGAGTGGATGACAACA WNChin01 TGGGTCCCTACCGGAAGAACCACGTGGTCCATCCATGCCGGAGGGGAGTGGATGACAACA WNNY99eqhs TGGGTCCCTACCGGAAGAACCACGTGGTCCATCCATGCAGGAGGAGAGTGGATGACAACA Den1280par00 TGGGTTCCAACCAGCCGCACAACCTGGTCAATCCATGCTCACCATCAATGGATGACAACA Den1293arg00 TGGGTTCCAACCAGCCGCACAACCTGGTCAATCCATGCTCACCATCAATGGATGACAACA DEN1S27590 TGGGTCCCAACCAGCCGCACCACTTGGTCGATCCATGCCCATCACCAATGGATGACAACA Den2JamaicaN1409 TGGGTTCCAACAAGTCGAACAACCTGGTCCATACACGCTAAGCATGAATGGATGACGACG Den2NewGuineaC TGGGTTCCAACAAGTAGAACAACCTGGTCCATACACGCCAAACATGAATGGATGACAACG Den2TSV01 TGGGTTCCAACAAGTCGAACAACCTGGTCCATACACGCCACACATGAGTGGATGACAACA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGGGTCCCCACGAGCAGAACGACATGGTCTATTCATGCTCACCATCAGTGGATGACTACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGGGTCCCCACAAGTAGAACGACATGGTCTATTCATGCTCACCATCAGTGGATGACCACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGGGTTCCCACAAGTAGAACGACATGGTCTATTCATGCTCACCATCAGTGGATGACTACA Den4 TGGTTTCCAACAAGCAGAACAACATGGTCAATCCACGCTCATCACCAGTGGATGACCACT Den4814669 TGGTTTCCAACAAGCAGAACAACATGGTCAATCCACGCTCATCACCAGTGGATGACCACT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TGGTTTCCAACAAGCAGAACAACATGGTCAATCCACGCCCATCATCAGTGGATGACTACT YF8582H TGGGTCCCACAAGGACGCACGACATGGTCGATTCATGGGAAAGGGGAGTGGATGACCACG YFTrinidad79A788 TGGGTTCCACAAGGACGCACAACATGGTCGATTCATGGGAAAGGGGAGTGGATGACCACG
[2461 2520] CFA GATGATATGCTTCGGGTTTGGAATGACGTGTGGGTGCACAACAACCCGTGGATGCTAAAC JEBeijing1 GAGGACATGCTGCAGGTCTGGAACAGAGTCTGGATTGAAGAAAATGAATGGATGATGGAC JEJa0ArS982 GAAGACATGCTGCAGGTCTGGAACAGAGTCTGGATTGAAGAAAATGAATGGATGATGGAC JEK94P05 GAAGACATGCTGCAAGTCTGGAACAGGGTATGGATTGAAGAAAATGAATGGATGATGGAC JELing GAGGACATGCTGCAGGTCTGGAACAGAGTCTGGATTGAAGAAAATGAATGGATGATGGAC JEVellorep20778 GAAGACATGCTGCAGGTCTGGAACAGAGTCTGGATTGAAGAAAATGAATGGATGATGGAC KunjinMRM61C GAAGACATGCTGGAGGTCTGGAATCGTGTCTGGATTGAGGAAAATGAATGGATGGAGGAC Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 193
MVE GAAGACATGCTAAGCGTGTGGAACCGTGTGTGGATTTTGGAAAATGAATGGATGGAGGAC TBEVasilchenko GAGGACATGTTGGATGTCTGGAACCGAGTATGGATTCTGGACAATCCCTTCATGCAGAAC WN2741 GAGGACATGTTGGAGGTCTGGAACCGTGTTTGGATAGAGGAGAATGAATGGATGGAAGAC WNChin01 GAGGGCATGCTGGAGGTCTGGAACCGTGTTTGGATAGAGGAGAATGAATGGATGGAAGAC WNNY99eqhs GAGGACATGTTGGAGGTCTGGAACCGTGTTTGGATAGAGGAGAATGAATGGATGGAAGAC Den1280par00 GAAGATATGTTATCAGTGTGGAATAGGGTTTGGATAGAGGAAAACCCATGGATGGAGGAT Den1293arg00 GAAGATATGTTATCAGTGTGGAATAGGGTTTGGATAGAGGAAAACCCATGGATGGAGGAT DEN1S27590 GAAGACATGTTGTCAGTGTGGAATAGGGTTTGGATAGAGGAAAACCCATGGATGGAGGAC Den2JamaicaN1409 GAAGACATGCTGGCAGTCTGGAATAGGGTGTGGATCCAAGAAAACCCGTGGATGGAAGAC Den2NewGuineaC GAAGACATGCTGACAGTCTGGAACAGGGTGTGGATTCAAGAAAACCCATGGATGGAAGAC Den2TSV01 GAAGACATGCTGACAGTCTGGAACAGGGTGTGGATTCAAGAAAACCCATGGATGGAAGAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GAAGACATGCTTACTGTCTGGAACAGGGTGTGGATAGAGGACAATCCATGGATGGAAGAC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAGACATGCTTACTGTCTGGAACAGGGTGTGGATCGAGGACAATCCATGGATGGAAGAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAGACATGCTTACTGTTTGGAACAGGGTGTGGATAGAGGAAAATCCATGGATGGAAGAC Den4 GAAGATATGCTCAAAGTGTGGAACAGAGTGTGGATAGAAGACAACCCTAATATGACTGAC Den4814669 GAAGATATGCTCAAAGTGTGGAACAGAGTGTGGATAGAAGACAACCCTAATATGACTGAC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 GAAGATATGCTCAAAGTGTGGAACAGAGTGTGGATAGAAGACAACCCCAATATGACTGAC YF8582H GAAGACATGCTTGAGGTGTGGAACAGGGTGTGGATAACCAATAACCCGCACATGCAGGAC YFTrinidad79A788 GAAGACAGGCTTGAGGTGTGGAACAGAGTATGGATAACCAACAACCCACACATGCAGGAC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3[2521 2580] CFA AAGGAGTCGATTGAATCCTGGGATGACATCCCTTACCTGCACAAGAAACAGGACATAACC JEBeijing1 AAGACTCCAATTACAAGTTGGACAGATGTTCCGTACGTGGGAAAGCGTGAGGACATCTGG เมื่อJEJa0ArS982 09/10/2564 AAGACTCCAATCACAAGCTGGACAGACGTTCCGTATGTGGGAAAGCGTGAGGACATCTGG 02:27:14 JEK94P05 AAGACCCCAATCACAAGCTGGACAGACGTTCCGTACGTGGGAAAGCGTGAGGACATCTGG JELing AAGACTCCAATTACAAGTTGGACAGATGTTCCGTACGTGGGAAAGCGTGAGGACATCTGG JEVellorep20778 AAGACTCCAATTGCAAGTTGGACAGATGTTCCGTACGTGGGAAAGCGTGAGGACATCTGG KunjinMRM61C AAAACCCCAGTGGAGAAGTGGAGCGATGTTCCATACTCTGGCAAACGAGAGGACATTTGG MVE AAGACCACGGTTTCCGACTGGACGGAAGTCCCATATGTAGGGAAGAGAGAAGACATCTGG TBEVasilchenko AAGGAAAAGGTTACAGAGTGGAGAGACATTCCGTATCTCCCCAAGGCCCATGACATGTTG WN2741 AAAACCCCAGTGGAGAAATGGAGTGACGTCCCATATTCAGGAAAACGAGAGGACATCTGG WNChin01 AAAACCCCAGTGGAGAAATGGAGTGACGTCCCATACTCAGGGAAACGGGAGGACATCTGG WNNY99eqhs AAAACCCCAGTGGAGAAATGGAGTGACGTCCCATATTCAGGAAAACGAGAGGACATCTGG Den1280par00 AAAACTCATGTATCCAGCTGGGAAGAAGTCCCATACTTAGGGAAAAGGGAAGATCAATGG Den1293arg00 AAAACTCATGTATCCAGCTGGGAAGAAGTCCCATACTTAGGGAAAAGGGAAGATCAATGG DEN1S27590 AAAACCCATGTATCCAGTTGGGAAGATGTTCCATATTTAGGAAAAAGGGAAGATCAGTGG Den2JamaicaN1409 AAAACTCCAGTGGAATCATGGGAAGAAGTCCCATACTTGGGAAAAAGAGAAGACCAATGG Den2NewGuineaC AAAACTCCAGTGGAATCATGGGAGGAAATCCCATACTTGGGGAAAAGAGAAGACCAATGG Den2TSV01 AAAACTCCAGTAGAATCATGGGAGGAAATCCCATATTTGGGGAAAAGAGAAGACCAATGG Den3802ChinaGuangxi AAAACTCCAATCACAACGTGGGAAGATGTTCCATATCTAGGAAAGAGAGAAGACCAATGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AAAACTCCAGTCACAACCTGGGAAAATGTTCCATATCTAGGGAAGAGAGAAGACCAATGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AAAACTCCAGTTACAACTTGGGAAAATGTTCCATATCTAGGAAAGAGAGAAGACCAATGG Den4 AAGACTCCAGTCCATTCGTGGGAAGATATACCTTACCTAGGGAAAAGAGAGGATTTGTGG Den4814669 AAGACTCCAGTCCATTCGTGGGAAGATATACCTTACCTAGGGAAAAGAGAGGATTTGTGG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 AAGACTCCAGTTCATTCGTGGGAAGACATACCTTACCTAGGAAAAAGAGAAGACTTGTGG YF8582H AAAACAGTGGTGAAAGAATGGAGGGATGTCCCCTATCTGACCAAGAGACAAGACAAGCTG YFTrinidad79A788 AAGACAATGGTGAAAGAATGGAGAGATGTCCCTTATCTAACCAAGAGACAAGACAAGCTG
[2581 2640] CFA TGCGGAAGCCTGATCGGGGTCAAGGAGCGCGCAACGTGGGCACGGGAAATTGAGAATAGT JEBeijing1 TGTGGCAGCCTTATCGGAACGCGATCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCTGAGAACATCTATGCGGCG JEJa0ArS982 TGTGGTAGCCTCATCGGAACGCGATCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCTGAGAACATCTATGCGGCG JEK94P05 TGTGGCAGTCTCATCGGAACGCGATCCAGGGCAACATGGGCTGAGAACATTTACGCGGCA JELing TGTGGCAGCCTTATCGGAACGCGATCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCTGAGAACATCTATGCGGCG JEVellorep20778 TGTGGCAGCCTCATCGGAACGCGATCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCTGAGAACATCTACGCGGCG KunjinMRM61C TGTGGCAGCCTGATTGGCACAAGAGCCCGGGCCACGTGGGCAGAAAACATTCAAGTGGCC MVE TGCGGAAGTCTCATAGGGACCAGGACCAGGGCAACATGGGCTGAGAACATCTACGCCGCC TBEVasilchenko TGCTCCTCCCTTGTTGGAAGGAAGGAGAGGGCTGAGTGGGCCAAGAACATTTGGGGAGCG WN2741 TGTGGCAGCCTGATTGGCACAAGAGCCCGAGCCACGTGGGCAGAAAACATCCAGGTGGCT WNChin01 TGTGGCAGCTTGATTGGCACAAGAACCCGAGCCACGTGGGCAGAAAACATCCAGGTAGCC WNNY99eqhs TGTGGCAGCCTGATTGGCACAAGAGCCCGAGCCACGTGGGCAGAAAACATCCAGGTGGCT Den1280par00 TGTGGATCCCTGATAGGCTTGACAGCGAGGGCCACTTGGGCCACTAACATACAAGTTGCC Den1293arg00 TGTGGATCCCTGATAGGCTTGACAGCGAGGGCCACTTGGGCCACTAACATACAAGTTGCC DEN1S27590 TGTGGATCCCTGATAGGCTTAACAGCAAGGGCTACCTGGGCCACCAACATACAAGTGGCC Den2JamaicaN1409 TGCGGCTCATTGATTGGGCTAACAAGCAGGGCTACCTGGGCAAAGAACATCCAAACAGCA Den2NewGuineaC TGCGGCTCATTGATTGGGCTAACAAGCAGGGCCACCTGGGCAAAGAACATCCAAACAGCA Den2TSV01 TGCGGCTCATTGATTGGGCTAACAAGCAGGGCCACCTGGGCAAAGAACATCCAAACAGCA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGCGGATCACTCATAGGTCTCACTTCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCCCAGAACATACTCACAGCA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGCGGATCACTTATTGGTCTCACTTCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCCCAGAACATACCCACAGCA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGTGGATCACTTATTGGTCTCACTTCCAGAGCAACCTGGGCCCAGAACATACCCACAGCA Den4 TGTGGATCCCTGATTGGACTTTCTTCCAGAGCCACCTGGGCGAAGAACATTCACACGGCC Den4814669 TGTGGATCCCTGATTGGACTTTCTTCCAGAGCCACCTGGGCGAAGAACATTCACACGGCC Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TGTGGATCCTTGATTGGACTTTCCTCCAGGGCCACCTGGGCGAAGAACATACACACAGCC Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 194
YF8582H TGCGGATCACTGATTGGAATGACCAACAGGGCCACCTGGGCCTCCCACATCCATTTGGTA YFTrinidad79A788 TGCGGATCACTGATTGGAATGACCAATAGGGCCACCTGGGCCTCCAACATCCATTTGGTC
[2641 2700] CFA GTCATCAGCGTCCGGAGGATAATCGACGCAGAAACTGGGGTCCTGAACACCTACAAGGAC JEBeijing1 ATAAACCAGGTTAGAGCTGTCATTGGGAAAGAAAAT------TATGTTGAC JEJa0ArS982 ATAAACCAGGTCAGAGCTGTCATAGGGAAAGAAAAT------TATGTTGAC JEK94P05 ATAAACCAAGTGAGGGCCATCATTGGAAAAGAAGAT------TATGTTGAT JELing ATAAACCAGGTTAGAGCTGTCATTGGGAAAGAAAAT------TATGTTGAC JEVellorep20778 ATAAACCAGGTTAGAGCTGTCATTGGGAAAGAAAAT------TATGTTGAC KunjinMRM61C ATCAACCAAGTCAGATCAATAATTGGAGATGAGAAA------TATGTGGAT MVE ATCAACCAAGTGAGGTCAGTCATAGGGAAAGAAAAA------TATGTAGAC TBEVasilchenko GTGGAAAAGGTCAGGAAGATGGTGGGGCCTGAAAAG------TTTAGGGAC WN2741 ATCAACCAAGTCAGAGCAATCATCGGAGATGAGAAG------TATGTGGAT WNChin01 ATCAACCAAGTCAGAGCAATCATTGGAGATGAGAAG------TATGTGGAT WNNY99eqhs ATCAACCAAGTCAGAGCAATCATCGGAGATGAGAAG------TATGTGGAT Den1280par00 ATAAACCAAGTGAGAAGGCTCATCGGAAATGAGAAT------TATCTAGAT Den1293arg00 ATAAACCAAGTGAGAAGGCTCATCGGAAATGAGAAT------TATCTAGAT DEN1S27590 ATAAACCAAGTGAGAAGACTAATCGGGAATGAGAAT------TATCTAGAT Den2JamaicaN1409 ATAAATCAAGTCAGATCCCTTATAGGCAATGAGGAA------TACACAGAC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den2NewGuineaC ATAAATCAAGTTAGATCCCTTATAGGCAATGAGGAA------TACACAGAT Den2TSV01 ATAAATCAAGTTAGATCCCTAATAGGCAATGAGGAA------TACACAGAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATCCAACAGGTGAGAAGCCTCATAGGCAATGAAGAG------TTTCTGGAC เมื่อDen3IMTSSAMART1243 09/10/2564 ATTCAACAGGTGAGAAGCCTTATAGGCAATGAAGAG------TTTCTGGAC 02:27:14 Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATTCAACAGGTGAGAAGCCTTATAGGCAATGAAGAG------TTCCTGGAC Den4 ATAACCCAGGTCAGGAACCTGATCGGAAAAGAGGAA------TACGTGGAT Den4814669 ATAACCCAGGTCAGGAACCTGATCGGAAAAGAGGAA------TACGTGGAT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 ATAACCCAGGTCAGGAACCTGATCGGAAAAGAGGAG------TATGTGGAT YF8582H ATCCATCGCATCCGAACACTGATTGGACAGGAGAAA------TATACTGAC YFTrinidad79A788 ATCCACCGTATCCGAACGCTAGTTGGACAGGAGAAA------TATACTGAC
[2701 2760] CFA GAGCTCTCAGTCATGAGTCGATATCGA------AGAGGAAATGATGTC JEBeijing1 TACATGACTTCACTCAGGAGATATGAA---GAT---GTCTTGATCCAGGAAGACAGGGTC JEJa0ArS982 TACATGACCTCACTCAGGAGATACGAA---GAC---GTCCTGATCCAGGAAGACAGGGTC JEK94P05 TACATGACCTCCCTCAGAAGATATGAG---GAT---GTATTGATTCAGGAGGACAGGGTC JELing TACATGACTTCACTCAGGAGATATGAA---GAT---GTCTTGATCCAGGAAGACAGGGTC JEVellorep20778 TACATGACTTCACTCAGGAGATATGAA---GAC---GTCTTGACCCAGGAAGACAGGGTC KunjinMRM61C TACATGAGTTCATTGAAGAGATATGAA---GAC---ACAACATTGGTTGAGGATACAGTA MVE TACGTGCAGTCGCTGAGGAGGTATGAA---GAA---ACTCATGTGAGTGAAGATAGGGTC TBEVasilchenko TACCTTTCCTGCATGGACCGACATGACTTGCACTGGGAGCTCAGACTGGAAAGCTCAATT WN2741 TACATGAGTTCACTAAAGAGATATGAA---GAC---ACAACTTTGGTTGAGGACACAGTA WNChin01 TACATGAGTTCACTAAAGAGATATGAA---GAC---ACAACTTTGGTTGAGGACACAGTA WNNY99eqhs TACATGAGTTCACTAAAGAGATATGAA---GAC---ACAACTTTGGTTGAGGACACAGTA Den1280par00 TACATGACATCAATGAAGAGATTCAAG---AAT---GAGAGTGATCCCGAAGGGGCACTC Den1293arg00 TACATGACATCAATGAAGAGATTCAAG---AAT---GAGAGTGATCCCGAAGGGGCACTC DEN1S27590 TACATGACATCAATGAAGAGATTCAAG---AAC---GAGAGTGATCCCGAAGGGGCACTC Den2JamaicaN1409 TACATGCCATCCATGAAGAGATTCAGA---AGG---GAAGAGGAAGAGGCAGGTGTCCTG Den2NewGuineaC TACATGCCATCCATGAAAAGATTCAGA---AGA---GAAGAGGAAGAGGCAGGAGTCCTG Den2TSV01 TACATGCCATCCATGAAAAGATTCAGA---AGA---GAAGAGGAAGAGGCAGGAGTCTTG Den3802ChinaGuangxi TACATGCCTTCGATGAAGAGATTCAGG---AAG---GAGGAGGAGTCAGAGGGAGCCATT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TACATGCCTTCAATGAAGAGATTTAGG---AAG---GAGGAGGAGTCGGAGGGAGCCATT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TACATGCCTTCAATGAAGAGATTCAGG---AAG---GAAGAGGAGTCGGAGGGAGCCATT Den4 TACATGCCAGTAATGAAAAGATACAGT---GCT---CCTTCAGAGAGTGAAGGAGTTCTG Den4814669 TACATGCCAGTAATGAAAAGATACAGT---GCT---CCTTCAGAGAGTGAAGGAGTTCTG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 TACATGCCAGTCATGAAAAGATACAGC---GCT---CCCTTCGAGAGTGAAGGAGTTCTG YF8582H TATCTGACAGTCATGGACAGATACTCTGTGGAT---GCTGACCTGCAACCAGGTGAGCTT YFTrinidad79A788 TACCTAACAGTCATGGACAGATATTCTGTGGAT---GCTGACCTACAACCGGGTGAGCTT
[2761 2763] CFA ATT JEBeijing1 ATC JEJa0ArS982 ATC JEK94P05 ATT JELing ATC JEVellorep20778 ATC KunjinMRM61C TTG MVE TTG TBEVasilchenko ATC WN2741 CTG WNChin01 CTG WNNY99eqhs CTG Den1280par00 TGG Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 195
Den1293arg00 TGG DEN1S27590 TGG Den2JamaicaN1409 TGG Den2NewGuineaC TGG Den2TSV01 TGG Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGG Den4 --- Den4814669 --- Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 --- YF8582H ATT YFTrinidad79A788 ATC
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 196
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX H Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 197
APPENDIX H AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF NS-5 GENE OF MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES
[1 60] CFA ALEKSTTIGLGMKWKMTLNALDGDAFTRYKSRGVNETER------GDYVSRG JEBeijing1 G--RPGGRTLGEQWKEKLNAMSREEFFKYRREAIIEVDRTEARRARRENNIVGGHPVSRG JEJa0ArS982 G--RPGGRTLGEQWKEKLNAMSREEFFKYRREAIIEVDRTEARRARRENNIVGGHPVSRG JEK94P05 G--GPGGRTLWEQWKEKLNAMSRDEFFKYRREAIIEVDRTEARRARRENNIVGGHPVSRG JELing G--RPGGRTLGEQWKEKLNAMSREEFFKYRREAIIEVDRTEARRARRENNIVGGHPVSRG JEVellorep20778 G--RPGGRTLGEQWKEKLNAMSREEFFKYRREAIIEVDRTEARRARRENNIVGGHPVSRG KunjinMRM61C G--GAKGRTLGEVWKERLNQMTKEEFIRYRKEAITEVDRSAAKHARKERNITGGHPVSRG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3MVE G--RAGGRTLGEQWKEKLNAMGKEEFFSYRKEAILEVDRTEARRARREGNKVGGHPVSRG TBEVasilchenko G--GAEGDTLGDLWKQRLNSCTKEEFFVYRRTGILETERDKARELLRKGETNTGLAVSRG WN2741 G--GAKGRTLGEVWKERLNQMTKEEFTRYRKEAIIEVDRSAAKHARKEGNVTGGHPVSRG เมื่อWNChin01 09/10/2564 G--GAKGRTLGEVWKERLNQMTKEEFTRYRKEAIIEVDRSAAKHARKEGNVTGGHPVSRG 02:27:14 WNNY99eqhs G--GAKGRTLGEVWKERLNQMTKEEFTRYRKEAIIEVDRSAAKHARKEGNVTGGHPVSRG Den1280par00 G-TGAQGETLGEKWKRQLNQLSKSEFNTYKRSGIMEVDRSEAKEGLKRGETTK-HAVSRG Den1293arg00 G-TGAQGETLGEKWKRQLNQLSKSEFNTYKRSGIMEVDRSEAKEGLKRGETTK-HAVSRG DEN1S27590 G-TGAKGKHWERNGKDRLNQLSKSEFNTYKRSGIMEVDRSEAKEGLKRGETTK-HAVSRG Den2JamaicaN1409 G-TGNIGETLGEKWKSRLNALGKSEFQIYKKSGIQEVDRTLAKEGIKRGETDH-HAVSRG Den2NewGuineaC G-TGNIGETLGEKWKSRLNALGKSEFQIYKKSGIQEVDRTLAKEGIKRGETDH-HAVSRG Den2TSV01 G-TGNTGETLGEKWKNRLNALGKSEFQIYKKSGIQEVDRTLAKEGIKRGETDH-HAVSRG Den3802ChinaGuangxi G-TGSQGETLGEKWKKKLNQLSRKEFDLYKKSGITEVDRTEAKEGLKRGEITH-HAVSRG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 G-TGSQGETLGEKWKKKLNQLSRKEFDLYKKSGITEVDRTEAKEGLKRGEITH-HAVSRG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 G-TGSQGETLGEKWKKKLNQLSRKEFDLYKKSGITEVDRTEAKEGLKRGETTH-HAVSRG Den4 G-TGTTGETLGEKWKRQLNSLDRKEFEEYKRSGILEVDRTEAKSALKDGSKIK-HAVSRG Den4814669 G-TGTTGETLGEKWKRQLNSLDRREFEEYKRSGILEVDRTEAKSALKDGSKIK-HAVSRG Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 G-TGTTGETLGEKWKRQLNSLDRKEFEEYKRSGILEVDRTEAKSALKDGSKIK-HAVSRG YF8582H G-R-ANGKTLGEVWKRELNLLDRQQFELYKRTDIVEVDRDTARRHLAEGKVDTGVAVSRG YFTrinidad79A788 G-T-ANGKTLGEVWKRELNLLDKQQFELYKRTDIVEVDRDTARRHLAEGKVDTGVAVSRG
[61 120] CFA GLKLNEIISKYEWRPSGRVVDLGCGRGGWSQRAVMEETVSSALGFTIGGAEKENPQRFVT JEBeijing1 SAKLRWLVEKGFVSPIGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYAATLKKVQEVRGYTKGGAGHEEPMLMQS JEJa0ArS982 SAKLRWLVEKGFVSPIGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYAATLKKVQEVRGYTKGGAGHEEPMLMQS JEK94P05 SAKLRWLVEKGFVSPIGKVIDLGCGRGSWNYYAATLKKVQEFRGYTKGGAGHEEPMLMQS JELing SAKLRWLVEKGFVSPIGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYAATLKKVQEVRGYTKGGAGHEEPMLMQS JEVellorep20778 SAKLRWLVEKGFVSPIGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYAATLKRVQEVRGYTKGGAGHEEPMLMQS KunjinMRM61C TAKLRWLVERRFLEPVGKVIDLGCGRGGWCYYMATQKRVQEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPQLVQS MVE TAKLRWLVERRFVQPIGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYAATMKNVQEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPMLMQS TBEVasilchenko TAKLAWLEERGYATLKGEVVDLGCGRGGWSYYAASRPAVMSVKAYTIGGKGHETPKMVTS WN2741 TAKLRWLVERRFLEPVGKVIDLGCGRGGWCYYMATQKRVQEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPQLVQS WNChin01 TAKLRWLVERRFLEPVGKVIDLGCGRGGWCYYMATQKRVQEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPQLVQS WNNY99eqhs TAKLRWLVERRFLEPVGKVIDLGCGRGGWCYYMATQKRVQEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPQLVQS Den1280par00 TAKLRWFVERNLVKPEGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYCAGLKKVTEVKGYTKGGPGHEEPIPMAT Den1293arg00 TAKLRWFVERNLVKPEGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYCAGLKKVTEVKGYTKGGPGHEEPIPMAT DEN1S27590 TAKLRWFVERNLVKPEGKVIDLGCGRGGWSYYCAGLKKVTEVKGYTKGGPGHEEPIPMAT Den2JamaicaN1409 SAKLRWFVERNMVTPEGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYCGGLKNVREVKGLTKGGPGHEEPIPMST Den2NewGuineaC SAKLRWFVERNMVTPEGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYCGGLKNVREVKGLTKGGPGHEEPIPMST Den2TSV01 SAKLRWFVERNLVTPEGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYCGGLKNVKEVKGLTKGGPGHEEPIPMST Den3802ChinaGuangxi SAKLQWFVERNMVIPEGRVIDLGCGRGGWSYYCAGLKKVTEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPVPMST Den3IMTSSAMART1243 SAKLQWFVERNMVIPEGRVIDLGCGRGGWSYYCAGLKKVTEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPVPMST Den3IMTSSASRI1266 SAKLQWFVERNMVVPEGRVIDLGCGRGGWSYYCAGLKKVTEVRGYTKGGPGHEEPVPMST Den4 SSKIRWIVERGMVKPKGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYMATLKNVTEVKGYTKGGPGHEEPIPMAT Den4814669 SSKIRWIVERGMVKPKGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYMATLKNVTEVKGYTKGGPGHEEPIPMAT Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 SSKIRWIVERGMVKPKGKVVDLGCGRGGWSYYMATLKNVTEVKGYTKGGPGHEEPIPMAT YF8582H TAKLRWFHERGYVKLEGRVTDLGCGRGGWCYYAAAQKEVSGVKGFTLGREGHEKPMNVRS YFTrinidad79A788 TAKLRWFHERGYVKLEGRVIDLGCGRGGWCYYAAAQKEVSGVKGFTLGRDGHEKPMNVQS
[121 180] CFA KGYNLATLKTGVDVHRLTPFRCDTIMCDIGESDPSPIKEKTRTLKVLQLLENWLLVNPGA JEBeijing1 YGWNLVSLKSGVDVFYKPSEPSDTLFCDIGESSPSPEVEEQRTLRVLEMTSDWLHRGPRE JEJa0ArS982 YGRNLVSLKSGVDVFYKPSEPSDTLFCDIGESSPSPEVEEQRTLRVLEMTSDWLHRGPRE JEK94P05 YGRNLVSLKSGVDVFYKPSEPSDTLFCDIGESSPSPEVEEQRTLRVLEMTSDWLHRGPRE Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 198
JELing YGWNLVSLKSGVDVFYKPSEPSDTLFCDIGESSPSPEVEEQRTLRVLEMTSDWLHRGPRE JEVellorep20778 YGWNLVSLKSGVDVFYKPSEPSDTLFCDIGESSPSPEVEEQRTLRVLEMTSDWLHRGPRE KunjinMRM61C YGWNIVTMKSGVDVFYRPSECCDTLLCDIGESSSSAEVEEHRTLRVLEMVEDWLHRGPKE MVE YGWNIVTMKSGVDVFYKPSEISDTLLCDIGESSPSAEIEEQRTLRILEMVSDWLSRGPKE TBEVasilchenko LGWNLIKFRAGMDVFSMQPHRADTIMCDIGESSPDAAVEGERTRRVILLMEQWKNRNPTA WN2741 YGWNIVTMKSGVDVFYRPSECCDTLLCDIGESSSSAEVEEHRTIRVLEMVEDWLHRGPRE WNChin01 YGWNIVTMKSGVDVFYRPSECCDTLLCDIGESSSSAEVEEHRTIRVLEMVEDWLHRGPKE WNNY99eqhs YGWNIVTMKSGVDVFYRPSECCDTLLCDIGESSSSAEVEEHRTIRVLEMVEDWLHRGPRE Den1280par00 YGWNLVKLYSGKDVFFTPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPNPTIEEGRTLRVLKMVEPWLRGN--Q Den1293arg00 YGWNLVKLYSGKDVFFTPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPNPTIEEGRTLRVLKMVEPWLRGN--Q DEN1S27590 YGWNLVKLYSGKDVFFTPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPNPTIEEGRTLRVLKMVEPWLRGN--Q Den2JamaicaN1409 YGWNLVRLQSGVDVFFTPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPNPTIEAGRTLRVLNLVENWLNNNT-Q Den2NewGuineaC YGWNLVRLQSGVDVFFTPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPNPTVEAGRTLRVLNLVENWLNNNT-Q Den2TSV01 YGWNLVRLQSGVDVFFTPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPNPTVEAGRTLRVLNLVENWLNNNT-Q Den3802ChinaGuangxi YGWNIVKLMSGKDVFYLPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPSPTVEESRTIRVLKMVEPWLKNN--Q Den3IMTSSAMART1243 YGWNIVKLMSGKDVFYLPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPSPTVEESRTIRVLKMVEPWLKNN--Q Den3IMTSSASRI1266 YGWNIVKLMSGKDVFYLPPEKCDTLLCDIGESSPSPTVEESRTIRVLKMVEPWLKNN--Q Den4 YGWNLVKLHSGVDVFYKPTEQVDTLLCDIGESSSNPTIEEGRTLRVLKMVEPWLSSKP-E Den4814669 YGWNLVKLHSGVDVFYKPTEQVDTLLCDIGESSSNPTIEEGRTLRVLKMVEPWLSSKP-E Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 YGWNLVKLHSGVDVFYKPTEQVDTLLCDIGESSSNPTIEEGRTLRVLKMVEPWLSSKP-E 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YF8582H LGWNIITFKDKTDIHHLEPVKCDTLLCDIGESSSSSVTEGERTMRVLDTVEKWLACGVDN YFTrinidad79A788 LGWNIITFKDKTDVHPLEPVKCDTLLCDIGESSSSSVTEGERTVRVLDTVEKWLACGVDN เมื่อ 09/10/2564[181 02:27:14 240] CFA HFVCKILSPYSLEVLRKIESLQHLYNGRLVRLSHSRNSSVEMYYISGARSNVVRTTYMTL JEBeijing1 FCI-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMEVLQRRFGGGLVRLPLSRNSNHEMYWVSGAAGNVVHAVNMTS JEJa0ArS982 FCI-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMEVLQRRFGGGLVRLPLSRNSNHEMYWVSGAAGNVVHAVNMTS JEK94P05 FCI-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMEVLQRRFGGGVVRLPLSRNSNHEMYWVSGAAGNVVHAVNMTS JELing FCI-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMEVLQRRFGGGLVRLPLSRNSNHEMYWVSGAAGNVVHAVNMTS JEVellorep20778 FCI-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMEVLQRRFGGGLVRLPLSRNSNHEMYWVSGAAGNVVHAVNMTS KunjinMRM61C FCV-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMELLQRRYGGGLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSRASGNVVHSVNMTS MVE FCI-KILCPYMPKVIEKLESLQRRFGGGLVRVPLSRNSNHEMYWVSGASGNIVHAVNMTS TBEVasilchenko ACVFKVLAPYRPEVIEALHRFQLRWGGGLVRTPFSRNSTHEMYYSTAVTGNIVNSVNIQS WN2741 FCV-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMELLQRRYGGGLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSRASGNVVHSVNMTS WNChin01 FCV-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMELLQRRYGGGLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSRASGNVVHSVNMTS WNNY99eqhs FCV-KVLCPYMPKVIEKMELLQRRYGGGLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSRASGNVVHSVNMTS Den1280par00 FCI-KILNPYMPSVVETLEQMQRKHGGMLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSCGTGNIVSAVNMTS Den1293arg00 FCI-KILNPYMPSVVETLEQMQRKHGGMLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSCGTGNIVSAVNMTS DEN1S27590 FCI-KILNPYMPSVVETLEQMQRKHGGMLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSCGTGNIVSAVNMTS Den2JamaicaN1409 FCI-KVLNPYMPSVIEKMETLQRKYGGALVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSNASGNIVSSVNMIS Den2NewGuineaC FCI-KVLNPYMPSVIEKMEALQRKYGGALVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSNASGNIVSSVNMIS Den2TSV01 FCI-KVLNPYMPSVIEKMEALQRKYGGALVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWVSNASGNIVSSVNMIS Den3802ChinaGuangxi FCI-KVLNPYMPTVIEHLERLQRKHGGMLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWISNGTGNIVSSVNMVS Den3IMTSSAMART1243 FCI-KVLNPYMPTVIEHLERLQRKHGGMLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWISNGTGNIVASVNMVS Den3IMTSSASRI1266 FCI-KVLNPYMPTVIEHLERLQRKHGGMLVRNPLSRNSTHEMYWISNGTGNIVSSVNMVS Den4 FCI-KVLNPYMPTVIEELEKLQRKHGGNLVRCPLSRNSTHEMYWVSGASGNIVSSVNTTS Den4814669 FCI-KVLNPYMPTVIEELEKLQRKHGGNLVRCPLSRNSTHEMYWVSGASGNIVSSVNTTS Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 FCI-KVLNPYMPTVIEELEKLQRKYGGSLVRCPLSRNSTHEMYWVSGVSGNIVSSVNTTS YF8582H FCV-KVLAPYMPDVLEKLELLQRRFGGTVIRNPLSRNSTHEMYYVSGARSNVTFTVNQTS YFTrinidad79A788 FCV-KVLAPYMRDVLEKLELLQRRFGGTVIRNPLSRNSTHEMYYVSGARSNVTFTVNQTS
[241 300] CFA AALMARFSRHL--DSVVLPSPVLPKGTRADPAASVASMNTSDMMDRVERLMNENRGTWFE JEBeijing1 QVLLGRMDRTVWRGPKYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKGEVHS-DQEKIKKRIQKLKEEFATTWHK JEJa0ArS982 QVLLGRMDRTVWRGPKYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKGEVHS-NQEKIKKRIQKLKEEFATTWHK JEK94P05 QVLLGRMDRTVWRGPKYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKGEVHS-NQDKIRRRIQKLREEFGTTWHK JELing QVLLGRMDRTVWRGPKYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKGEVHS-DQEKIKKRIQKQKEEFATTWHK JEVellorep20778 QVLLGRMDRTVWRGPKYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKGEVHS-NQEKIKKRIQKLKEEFATTWHK KunjinMRM61C QVLLGRMEKKTWKGPQYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKPLLNS-DTSKIKNRIERLRREYSSTWHH MVE QVLIGRMDKKIWKGPKYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKGVQHT-DYKRIKSRIEKLKEEYAATWHT TBEVasilchenko RKLLARFGDQ--RGPTRVPELDLGIGTRCVVLAEDRV-REKDVQERIRALREQYGETWHV WN2741 QVLLGRMEKRTWKGPQYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKPLLNS-DTSKIKNRIERLRREYSSTWHH WNChin01 QVLLGRMEKRTWKGPQYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKPLLNS-DTSKIKNRIERLRREYSSTWHH WNNY99eqhs QVLLGRMEKRTWKGPQYEEDVNLGSGTRAVGKPLLNS-DTSKIKNRIERLRREYSSTWHH Den1280par00 RMLLNRFTMTHRK-PTYERDVDLGAGTRHVAVEPEVA-NLDIIGQRIENIKNEHKSTWHY Den1293arg00 RMLLNRFTMTHRK-PTYERDVDLGAGTRHVAVEPEVA-NLDIIGQRIENIKNEHKSTWHY DEN1S27590 RMLLNRFTMAHRK-PTYERDVDLGAGTRHVAVEPEVA-NLDIIGQRIENIKHEHKSTWHY Den2JamaicaN1409 RMLINRFTMKHKK-ATYETDVDLGSGTRNIGIESEIP-NLDIIGKRIEKIKQEHETSWHY Den2NewGuineaC RMLINRFTMRHKK-ATYEPDVDLGSGTRNIGIESEIP-NLDIIGKRIEKIKQEHETSWHY Den2TSV01 RMLINRFTMRHKK-ATYEPDVDLGSGTRNIGIESETP-NLDIIGKRIEKIKQEHETSWHY Den3802ChinaGuangxi RLLLNRFTMTHRR-PTIEKDVDLGAGTRHVNAEPETP-NMDVIGERIKRIKEEHSSTWHY Den3IMTSSAMART1243 RLLLNRFTMTHRR-PTIEKDVDLGAGTRHVNAEPETP-NMDVIGERIKRIKEEHNSTWHY Den3IMTSSASRI1266 RLLLNRFTMTHRR-PTIEKDVDLGAGTRHVNAEPETP-NMDVIGERIKRIKEEHNSTWHY Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 199
Den4 KMLLNRFTTRHRK-PTYEKDVDLGAGTRSVSTETEKP-DMTIIGRRLQRLQEEHKETWHY Den4814669 KMLLNRFTTRHRK-PTYEKDVDLGAGTRSVSTETEKP-DMTIIGRRLQRLQEEHKETWHY Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 KMLLNRFTTRHRK-PTYEKDVDLGAGTRSVSTETEKP-DMTIIGRRLQRLQEEHKETWHY YF8582H RLLMRRMRRPTGK-VTLEADVILPIGTRSVETDKGPL-NREAIEERVERIKSEYMTTWFY YFTrinidad79A788 RLLMRRMRRPTGK-VTLEADVTLPIGTRSVETDKGPL-DKEAIKERVERIKSEYMTSWFY
[301 360] CFA DQQHPYKSFKYFGSFVTDDVKVGGQAVNPLVRKIMWPWETLTSVVGFSMTDVSTYSQQKV JEBeijing1 DPEHPYRTWTYHGSYEVKATGSASSLVNGVVKLMSKPWDAIANVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV JEJa0ArS982 DPEHPYRTWTYHGSYEVKATGSASSLVNGVVKLMSKPWDAIANVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV JEK94P05 DPEHPYRNWTYHGSYEVKATGSASSLVNGVVKLMSKPWDAIANVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV JELing DPEHPYRTWTYHGSYEVKATGSASSLVNGVVKLMSKPWDAIANVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV JEVellorep20778 DPEHPYRTWTYHGSYEVKATGSASSLVNGVVKLMSKPWDAIANVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV KunjinMRM61C DENHPYRTWNYHGSYEVKPTGSASSLVNGVVRLLSKPWDTITNVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV MVE DDNHPYRTWTYHGSYEVKPSGSASTLVNGVVRLLSKPWDAITGVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV TBEVasilchenko DGEHPYRTWQYWGSYRTAPTGSAASLINGVVKLLSWPWNAREDVVRMAMTDTTAFGQQRV WN2741 DENHPYRTWNYHGSYDVKPTGSASSLVNGVVRLLSKPWDTITNVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV WNChin01 DENHPYRTWNYHGSYDVKPTGSASSLVNGVVRLLSKPWDTITNVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV WNNY99eqhs DENHPYRTWNYHGSYDVKPTGSASSLVNGVVRLLSKPWDTITNVTTMAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den1280par00 DEDNPYKTWAYHGSYEVKPSGSASSMVNGVVRLLTKPWDVIPMVTQIAMTDTTPFGQQRV 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den1293arg00 DEDNPYKTWAYHGSYEVKPSGSASSMVNGVVRLLTKPWDVIPMVTQIAMTDTTPFGQQRV DEN1S27590 DEDNPYKTWAYHGSYEVKPSGSASSMVNGVVKLLTKPWDAIPMVTQIAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den2JamaicaN1409 DQDHPYKTWAYHGSYETKQTGSASSMVNGVVRLLTKPWDVVPMVTQMAMTDTTPFGQQRV เมื่อDen2NewGuineaC 09/10/2564 DQDHPYKTWAYHGSYETKQTGSASSMVNGVVRLLTKPWDVVPMVTQMAMTDTTPFGQQRV 02:27:14 Den2TSV01 DQDHPYKTWAYHGSYETKQTGSASSMVNGVVRLLTKPWDIIPMVTQMAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den3802ChinaGuangxi DDENPYKTWAYHGSYEVKATGSASSMINGVVKLLTKPWDVVPMVTQMAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den3IMTSSAMART1243 DDENPYKTWAYHGSYEVKATGSASSMINGVVKLLTKPWDVVPMVTQMAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den3IMTSSASRI1266 DDENPYKTWAYHGSYEVKATGSASSMINGVVKLLTKPWDVVPMVTQMAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den4 DQENPYRTWAYHGSYEAPSTGSASSMVNGVVKLLTKPWDVIPMVTQLAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den4814669 DQENPYRTWAYHGSYEAPSTGSASSMVNGVVKLLTKPWDVIPMVTQLAMTDTTPFGQQRV Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 DQENPYRTWAYHGSYEAPSTGSASSMVNGVVKLLTKPWDVIPMVTQLAMTDTTPFGQQRV YF8582H DNDNPYRTWHYCGSYVTKTSGSAASMVNGVIKILTYPWDRIEEVTRMAMTDTTPFGQQRV YFTrinidad79A788 DNDNPYRTWHYCGSYVTKTSGSAASMVNGVIKLLTYPWDKIEEVTRMAMTDTTPFGQQRV
[361 420] CFA LREKVDTVIPPHPQHIRRVNRTITKHFIRLFKNRNLRPRILSKEEFVANVRNDAAVGS-W JEBeijing1 FKEKVDTKAPEPPAGAKEV-LNETTNWLWAHLSREKRPRLCTKEEFMKKVNSSAALGAVF JEJa0ArS982 FKEKVDTKAPEPPAGAKEV-LNETTNWLWAHLSREKRPRLCTKEEFIKKVNSNAALGAVF JEK94P05 FKEKVDTKAPEPPAGVKEV-LNETTNWLWAHLSREKRPRLCTKEEFINKVNSNASLGTVF JELing FKEKVDTKAPEPPAGAKEV-LNETTNWLWAHLSREKRPRLCTKEEFIKKVNSSAALGAVF JEVellorep20778 FKEKVDTKAPEPPAGVREV-LNETTNWLWAHLSREKRPRLCTKEEFIKKVNSNAALGAVF KunjinMRM61C FKEKVDTKAPEPPEGVKYV-LNETTNWLWAFLAREKRPRMCSREEFIRKVNSNAALGAMF MVE FKEKVDTKAPEPPQGVKTV-MDETTNWLWAYLARNKKARLCTREEFVKKVNSHAALGAMF TBEVasilchenko FKEKVDTKAQEPQPGTKVI-MRAVNDWILERLAQKSKPRMCSKEEFIAKVKSNAALGAWS WN2741 FKEKVDTKAPEPPEGVKYV-LNETTNWLWAFLAREKRPRMCSREEFIRKVNSNAALGAMF WNChin01 FKEKVDTKAPEPPEGVKYV-LNETTNWLWAFLAREKRPRMCSREEFIKKVNSNAALGAMF WNNY99eqhs FKEKVDTKAPEPPEGVKYV-LNETTNWLWAFLAREKRPRMCSREEFIRKVNSNAALGAMF Den1280par00 FKEKVDTRTPRAKRGTAQI-MEVTAKWLWGFLSRNKKPRICTREEFTRKVRSNAAIGAVF Den1293arg00 FKEKVDTRTPRAKRGTAQI-MEVTAKWLWGFLSRNKKPRICTREEFTRKVRSNAAIGAVF DEN1S27590 FKEKVDTRTPKAKRGTAQI-MEVTARWLWGFLSRNKKPRICTREEFTRKVRSNAAIGAVF Den2JamaicaN1409 FKEKVDTRTQEPKEGTKKL-MKITAEWLWKELGKKKTPRMCTREEFTRKVRSNAALGAIF Den2NewGuineaC FKEKVDTRTQEPKEGTKKL-MKITAEWLWKELGKKKTPRMCTREEFTRKVRSNAALGAIF Den2TSV01 FKEKVDTRTQEPKEGTKKL-MKITAEWLWKELGKKKTPRMCTREEFTRKVRSNAALGAIF Den3802ChinaGuangxi FKEKVDTRTPRPMPGTRKV-MEITAEWLWRTLGRNKRPRLCTREEFTKKVRTNAAMGAVF Den3IMTSSAMART1243 FKEKVDTRTPRSMPGTRRV-MGITAEWLWRTLGRNKKPRLCTREEFTKKVRTNAAMGAVF Den3IMTSSASRI1266 FKEKVDTRTPRPMPGTRKA-MEITAEWLWRTLGRNKRPRLCTREEFTKKVRTNAAMGAVF Den4 FKEKVDTRTPQPKPGTRMV-MTTTANWLWALLGKKKNPRLCTREEFISKVRSNAAIGAVF Den4814669 FKEKVDTRTPQPKPGTRMV-MTTTANWLWALLGKKKNPRLCTREEFISKVRSNAAIGAVF Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 FKEKVDTRTPQPKPGTRMV-MTTTANWLWALLGKKKKPRLCTREEFISKVRSNAAIGAVF YF8582H FKEKVDTRAKDPPAGTRKI-MKVVNRWLFRHLAREKNPRLCTKEEFIAKVRSHAAIGAYL YFTrinidad79A788 FKEKVDTRAKDPPAGTRKI-MKVVNRWLFRHLAREKNPRLCTKEEFIAKVRSHAAIGAYL
[421 480] CFA SRDVPWRDVQEAIQDQCFWDLVGKERALHLQGKCEMCIYNTMGKKEKKPSLAGEAKGSRT JEBeijing1 AEQNQWSTAREAVNDPRFWEMVDEERENHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA JEJa0ArS982 AEQNQWSTAREAVDDPRFWEMVDEERENHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA JEK94P05 AEQNQWSTAREAVDDPRFWEMVDEERENHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA JELing AEQNQWSTAREAVNDPRFWEMVDEERENHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA JEVellorep20778 AEQNQWSTAREAVNDPRFWEMVDEERENHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA KunjinMRM61C EEQNQWRSAREAVEDPKFWEMVDEEREAHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA MVE EEQNQWKNAREAVEDPKFWEMVDEERECHLRGECRTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA TBEVasilchenko DEQNRWSNAKEAVEDPVFWQLVDEERERHLAGRCAHCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGVAKGSRA WN2741 EEQNQWRSAREAVEDPKFWEMVDEEREAHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 200
WNChin01 EEQNQWRSAREAVEDPKFWEMVDEEREAHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA WNNY99eqhs EEQNQWRSAREAVEDPKFWEMVDEEREAHLRGECHTCIYNMMGKREKKPGEFGKAKGSRA Den1280par00 VDENQWNSAKEAVEDERFWDLVHRERELHKQGKCATCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den1293arg00 VDENQWNSAKEAVEDERFWDLVHRERELHKQGKCATCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA DEN1S27590 VDENQWNSAKEAVEDERFWDLVHRERELHKQGKCATCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den2JamaicaN1409 TDENKWKSAREAVEDSRFWELVDRERNLHLEGKCETCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den2NewGuineaC TDENKWKSAREAVEDSRFWELVDKERNLHLEGKCETCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den2TSV01 TDENKWKSAREAVEDSGFWELVDKERNLHLEGKCETCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TEENQWDSARAAVEDEEFWKLVDRERELHKLGKCGSCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TEENQWDSAKAAVEDEDFWKLVDRERELHKLGKCGSCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TEENQWDSAKAAVEDEEFWKLVDRERELHKLGKCGSCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGKAKGSRA Den4 QEEQGWTSASEAVNDSRFWELVDKERALHQEGKCESCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGRAKGSRA Den4814669 QEEQGWTSASEAVNDSRFWELVDKERALHQEGKCESCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGRAKGSRA Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 QEEQGWTSASEAVNDSRFWELVDKERTLHQEGKCESCVYNMMGKREKKLGEFGRAKGSRA YF8582H EEQEQWKTANEAVQDPKFWELVDEERRLHQQGRCRTCVYNMMGKREKKLSEFGKAKGSRA YFTrinidad79A788 EEQDQWKTANEAVQDPKFWELVDEERKLHQQGRCRTCVYNMMGKREKKLSEFGKAKGSRA
[481 540] CFA IWYMWLGSRFLEFEALGFLNADHWVSREHFPGGVGGVGVNYFGYYLKDIASR-GKYLIAD JEBeijing1 IWFMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWLSRENSGGGVEGSGVQKLGYIIRDIAGKQGGKMYAD 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEJa0ArS982 IWFMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWLSRENSGGGVEGSGVQKLGYILRDIAGKQGGKMYAD JEK94P05 IWFMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWLSRENSGGGVEGSGVQKLGYIFRDIAGKQGGKMYAD JELing IWFMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWLSRENSGGGVEGSGVQKLGYILRDIAGKQGGKMYAD เมื่อJEVellorep20778 09/10/2564 IWFMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWLSRENSGGGVEGSGVQKLGYILRDIAGKQGGKMYAD 02:27:14 KunjinMRM61C IWFMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWLGRKNSGGGVEGLGLQKLGYILREVGTRPGGRIYAD MVE IWFMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWMSRENSGGGVEGAGIQKLGYILRDVAQKPGGKIYAD TBEVasilchenko IWYMWLGSRFLEFEALGFLNEDHWASRESSGAGVEGISLNYLGWHLKKLSTLEGGLFYAD WN2741 IWFMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWLGRKNSGGGVEGLGLQKLGYILREVGTRPGGKIYAD WNChin01 IWFMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWLGRKNSGGGVEGLGLQKLGYILREVGTRPGGKIYAD WNNY99eqhs IWFMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWLGRKNSGGGVEGLGLQKLGYILREVGTRPGGKIYAD Den1280par00 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFMNEDHWFSRENSFSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDISKIPGGNMYAD Den1293arg00 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFMNEDHWFSRENSFSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDISKIPGGNMYAD DEN1S27590 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFMNEDHWFSRENSLSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDISKIPGGNMYAD Den2JamaicaN1409 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWFSRGNSLSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDVSKKEGGAMYAD Den2NewGuineaC IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWFSRENSLSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDVSKKEGGAMYAD Den2TSV01 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWFSRENSLSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDVSKKEGGAMYAD Den3802ChinaGuangxi IWYMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWFSRENSYSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDISKIPGGAMYAD Den3IMTSSAMART1243 IWYMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWFSRENSYSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDISKIPGGAMYAD Den3IMTSSASRI1266 IWYMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWFSRENSYSGVEGEGLHKLGYILRDISKIPGGAMYAD Den4 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWFGRENSWSGVEGEGLHRLGYILEEIDKKDGDLMYAD Den4814669 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWFGRENSWSGVEGEGLHRLGYILEEIDKKDGDLMYAD Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 IWYMWLGARFLEFEALGFLNEDHWFGRENSWSGVEGEGLHRLGYILEDIDKKDGDLIYAD YF8582H IWYMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWASRENSGGGVEGIGLQYLGYVIRDLAAMDGGGFYAD YFTrinidad79A788 IWYMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWASRENSGGGVEGIGLQYLGYVIRDLAAMDGGGLYAD
[541 600] CFA DIAGWDTKISEEDLEDEEALLTALTEDPYHRALMAATMRLAYQNIVAMFPRTHSKYGSGT JEBeijing1 DTAGWDTRITRTDLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRMLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--EGKT JEJa0ArS982 DTAGWDTRITRTDLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRMLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--EGKT JEK94P05 DTAGWDTRITRTDLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRMLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--GGKT JELing DTAGWDTRITRTDLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRMLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--EGKT JEVellorep20778 DTAGWDTRITRTDLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRKLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--EGKT KunjinMRM61C DTAGWDTRITRADLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRRLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--DGRT MVE DTAGWDTRITQADLENEAKVLELMEGE--QRTLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--GGKT TBEVasilchenko DTAGWDTKVTNADLEDEEQILRYMEGE--HRQLAATIMQKAYHAKVVKVARPSR--DGGC WN2741 DTAGWDTRITRADLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRRLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--DGRT WNChin01 DTAGWDTRITRADLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRRLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--DGRT WNNY99eqhs DTAGWDTRITRADLENEAKVLELLDGE--HRRLARAIIELTYRHKVVKVMRPAA--DGRT Den1280par00 DTAGWDTRITEDDLQNEAKITDIMEPE--HALLATSIFKLTYQNKVVRVQRPAK--NG-T Den1293arg00 DTAGWDTRITEDDLQNEAKITDIMEPE--HALLATSIFKLTYQNKVVRVQRPAK--NG-T DEN1S27590 DTAGWDTRITEDDLQNEAKITDIMEPE--HALLATSIFKLTYQNKVVRVQRPAK--NG-T Den2JamaicaN1409 DTAGWDTRITLEDLKNEEMVTNHMEGE--HKKLAEAIFKLTYQNKVVRVQRPTP--RG-T Den2NewGuineaC DTAGWDTRITLEDLKNEEMVTNHMEGE--HKKLAEAIFKLTYQNKVVRVQRPTP--RG-T Den2TSV01 DTAGWDTRITLEDLKNEEMVTNHMEGE--HKKLAEAIFKLTYQNKVVRVQRPTP--RG-T Den3802ChinaGuangxi DTAGWDTRITEDDLHNEEKITQQMDPE--HRQLANAIFKLTYQNKVVKVQRPTP--KG-T Den3IMTSSAMART1243 DTAGWDTRITEDDLHNEEKITQQMDPE--HRQLANAIFKLTYQNKVVKVQRPTP--TG-T Den3IMTSSASRI1266 DTAGWDTRITEDDLHNEEKIIQQMDPE--HRQLANAIFKLTYQNKVVKVQRPTP--TG-T Den4 DTAGWDTRITEDDLQNEELITEQMAPH--HKILAKAIFKLTYQNKVVKVLRPTP--RG-A Den4814669 DTAGWDTRITEDDLQNEELITEQMAPH--HKILAKAIFKLTYQNKVVKVLRPTP--RG-A Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 DTAGWDTRITEDDLLNEELITEQMAPH--HKILAKAIFKLTYQNKVVKVLRPTP--KG-A YF8582H DTAGWDTRITEADLDDEQEILNYMSSH--HKKLAQAVMEMTYKNKVVKVLRPTP--GGKA YFTrinidad79A788 DTAGWDTRITEADLDDEQEILNYMSPH--HKKLAQAVMEMTYKNKVVKVLRPAP--GGKA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 201
[601 660] CFA VMDVVGRRDQRGSGQVVTYALNTITNGKVQVARVLESEGLLQADE------SVLDAW JEBeijing1 VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNIAVQLVRLMEAEGVIGPQHLEQLPRKNKIAVRTW JEJa0ArS982 VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNIAVQLVRLMEAEGVIGPQHLEQLPRKTKIAVRTW JEK94P05 VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNIAVQLVRLMEAEGVIGPQHLEQLPRKNKIAVRTW JELing VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNIAVQLVRLMEAEGVIGPQHLEQLPRKNKIAVRTW JEVellorep20778 VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNIAVQLVRLMEAEGVIGPQHLEQLPRKNKIAVRTW KunjinMRM61C VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNLAVQLVRMMEGEGVIGPDDVEKLTKGKGPKVRTW MVE VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNIAVQLVRLMEAEAVIGPDDIESIERKKKFAVRTW TBEVasilchenko IMDVITRRDQRGSGQVVTYALNTLTNIKVQLIRMMEGEGVIEASDAHN---PRLLRVERW WN2741 VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNLAVQLVRMMEGEGVIGPDDVEKLTKGKGPKVRTW WNChin01 VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNLAVQLVRMMEGEGVIGPEDVEKLTKGKGPKVRTW WNNY99eqhs VMDVISREDQRGSGQVVTYALNTFTNLAVQLVRMMEGEGVIGPDDVEKLTKGKGPKVRTW Den1280par00 VMDVISRRDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEVQLIRQMESEGIFLPSELET-PNLAER-VLNW Den1293arg00 VMDVISRRDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEVQLIRQMESEGIILPSELET-PNLAER-VLNW DEN1S27590 VMDVISRRDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEAQLIRQMESEGIFSPSELET-PNLAER-VLDW Den2JamaicaN1409 VMDIISRRDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEAQLIRQMEGEGIFKSIQ-HL-TVTEEIAVQNW Den2NewGuineaC VMDIISRRDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEAQLIRQMEGEGVFKSIQ-HL-TVTEEIAVQNW Den2TSV01 VMDIISRRDQRGSGQVVTYGLNTFTNMEAQLIRQMEGEGVFKSIQ-HL-TVTEEIAVKNW Den3802ChinaGuangxi VMDIISRKDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEAQLIRQMEGEGVLSKADLEN-PHPLEKKITQW 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den3IMTSSAMART1243 VMDIISRKDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEAQLIRQMEGEGVLSKADLEN-PHLPEKKITQW Den3IMTSSASRI1266 VMDIISRKDQRGSGQLGTYGLNTFTNMEAQLVRQMEGEGVLTKADLEN-PHLLEKKITQW Den4 VMDIISRKDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEVQLIRQMEAEGVITQDDMQN-PKGLKERVEKW เมื่อDen4814669 09/10/2564 VMDIISRKDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEVQLIRQMEAEGVITQDDMQN-PKGLKERVEKW 02:27:14 Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 VMDIISRKDQRGSGQVGTYGLNTFTNMEVQLIRQMEAEGVITQDDMHN-PKGLKERVEKW YF8582H YMDVISRRDQRGSGQVVTYALNTITNLKVQLIRMAEAEMVIHHHHVQDCDDSTLVRLEAW YFTrinidad79A788 YMDVISRRDQRGSGQVVTYALNTITNLKVQLIRMAEAEMVIHHQHVQDCDESVLTRLEAW
[661 720] CFA LEKHLEEALGNMVIAGDDVVVSTDNRDFSSALEYLELTGKTRKNVPQGAPSRMESNWEKV JEBeijing1 LFENGEERVTRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFATALHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSHGWHDWQQV JEJa0ArS982 LFENGEERVTRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFATALHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSHGWHDWQQV JEK94P05 LFENGEERVTRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFATALHFLNAMSKVTKDIQQWKPSHGWHDWLHV JELing LFENGEERVTRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFATALHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSHGWHDWQQV JEVellorep20778 LFENGEERVTRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFATALHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSHGWHDWQQV KunjinMRM61C LSENGEERLSRMAVSGDDCVVKPLDDRFATSLHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSTGWYDWQQV MVE LFENAEERVQRMAVSGDDCVVKPLDDRFSTALHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSQGWYDWQQV TBEVasilchenko LKEHGEERLGRMLVSGDDCVVRPIDDRFGKALYFLNDMAKTRKDIGEWEHSVGFSSWEEV WN2741 LFENGEERLSRMAVSGDDCVVKPLDDRFATSLHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSTGWYDWQQV WNChin01 LFENGEERLSRMAVSGDDCVVKPLDDRFATSLHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSTGWYDWQQV WNNY99eqhs LFENGEERLSRMAVSGDDCVVKPLDDRFATSLHFLNAMSKVRKDIQEWKPSTGWYDWQQV Den1280par00 LEKHGTERLKRMAISGDDCVVKPVDDRFATALIALNDMGKVRKDIPQWEPSKGWNDWQQV Den1293arg00 LEKHGTERLKRMAISGDDCVVKPVDDRFATALIALNDMGKVRKDIPQWEPSKGWNDWQQV DEN1S27590 LEKYGVERLKRMAISGDDCVVKPIDDRFATALTALNDMGKVRKDIPQWEPSKGWNDWQQV Den2JamaicaN1409 LARVGRERLSRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFASALTALNDMGKVRKDIQQWEPSRGWNDWTQV Den2NewGuineaC LARVGRERLSRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFASALTALNDMGKVRKDIQQWEPSRGWNDWTQV Den2TSV01 LVRVGRERLSRMAISGDDCVVKPLDDRFASALTALNDMGKVRKDIQQWEPSRGWNDWTQV Den3802ChinaGuangxi LETKGVERLKRMAISGDDCVVKPIDDRFANALLALNDMGKVRKDIPQWQPSKGWHDWQQV Den3IMTSSAMART1243 LETKGVERLKRMAISGDDCVVKPIDDRFANALLALNDMGKVRKDIPQWQPSKGWHDWQQV Den3IMTSSASRI1266 LETKGVERLKRMAISGDDCVVKPIDDRFANALLALNDMGKVRKDIPQWQPSKGWHDWQQV Den4 LKECGVDRLKRMAISGDDCVVKPLDERFGTSLLFLNDMGKVRKDIPQWEPSKGWKNWQEV Den4814669 LKECGVDRLKRMAISGDDCVVKPLDERFGTSLLFLNDMGKVRKDIPQWEPSKGWKNWQEV Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 LKECGVDRLKRMAISGDDCVVKPLDERFSTSLLFLNDMGKVRKDIPQWEPSKGWKNWQEV YF8582H LIEHGCDRLNRMAVNGDDCVVRPIDDRFGMALSHLNAMSKVRKDISEWQPSKGWNDWENV YFTrinidad79A788 LTEHGCDRLRRMAVSGDDCVVRPIDDRFGLALSHLNAMSKVRKDISEWQPSKGWNDWENV
[721 780] CFA EFCSHHYHEMSLKDGRIIIAPCRHENEVLGRSRLQKGGVVSISESACMAKAYAQMWALYY JEBeijing1 PFCSNHFQEIVMKDGRSIVVPCRGQDELIGRARISPGAGWNVKDTACLAKAYAQMWLLLY JEJa0ArS982 PFCSNHFQEIVMKDGRSIVVPCRGQDELIGRARISPGAGWNVKDTACLAKAYAQMWLLLY JEK94P05 PFCSNHFHEIVMKDGRSLLVPCRGQDELIGRARISPGAGWNVKDTACLAKAYAQMWLLLY JELing PFCSNHFQEIVMKDGRSIVVPCRGQDELIGRARISPGAGWNVKDTACLAKAYAQMWLLLY JEVellorep20778 PFCSNHFQEIVMKDGRSIVDPCRGQDELIGRARISPGAGWNVKDTACLAKAYAQMWLLLY KunjinMRM61C PFCSNHFTELIMKDGRTLVTPCRGQDELVGRARISPGAGWNVRDTACLAKSYAQMWLLLY MVE PFCSNHFQEVIMKDGRTLVVPCRGQDELIGRARISPGSGWNVRDTACLAKAYAQMWLVLY TBEVasilchenko PFCSHHFHELVMKDGRALVVPCRDQDELVGRARVSPGCGWSVRETACLSKAYGQMWLLSY WN2741 PFCSNHFTELIMKDGRTLVVPCRGQDELVGRARISPGAGWNVRDTACLAKSYAQMWLLLY WNChin01 PFCSNHFTELIMKDGRTLVVPCRGQDELVGRARISPGAGWNVRDTACLAKSYAQMWLLLY WNNY99eqhs PFCSNHFTELIMKDGRTLVVPCRGQDELVGRARISPGAGWNVRDTACLAKSYAQMWLLLY Den1280par00 PFCSHHFHQLIMKDGREIVVPCRNQDELVGRARVSQGAGWSLRETACLGKSYAQMWQLMY Den1293arg00 PFCSHHFHQLIMKDGREIVVPCRNQDELVGRARVSQGAGWSLRETACLGKSYAQMWQLMY DEN1S27590 PFCSHHFHQLIMKDGREIVVPCRNQDELVGRARVSQGAGWSLRETACLGKSYAQMWQLMY Den2JamaicaN1409 PFCSHHFHELVMKDGRVLVVPCRNQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLKETACLGKSYAQMWTLMY Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 202
Den2NewGuineaC PFCSHHFHELIMKDGRVLVVPCRNQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKSYAQMWSLMY Den2TSV01 PFCSHHFHELIMKDGRVLVVPCRNQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKSYAQMWSLMY Den3802ChinaGuangxi PFCSHHFHELIMKDGRKLVVPCRPQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKAYAQMWTLMY Den3IMTSSAMART1243 PFCSHHFHELIMKDGRKLVVPCRPQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKAYAQMWSLMY Den3IMTSSASRI1266 PFCSHHFHELIMKDGRKLVVPCRPQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKAYAQMWSLMY Den4 PFCSHHFHKIFMKDGRSLVVPCRNQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKAYAQMWSLMY Den4814669 PFCSHHFHKIFMKDGRSLVVPCRNQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKAYAQMWSLMY Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 PFCSHHFHKIFMKDGRSLVVPCRNQDELIGRARISQGAGWSLRETACLGKAYAQMWSLMY YF8582H PFCSHHFHELQLKDGRRIVVPCREQDELIGRGRVSPGNGWMIKETACLSKAYANMWSLMY YFTrinidad79A788 PFCSHHFHELQLKDGRRIVVPCREQDELIGRGRVSPGNGWMIKETACLSKAYANMWSLMY
[781 840] CFA FHRRDLRLGFIAISSAVPTNWFPLGRTSWSVHQYHEWMTTDDMLRVWNDVWVHNNPWMLN JEBeijing1 FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVDWVPTGRTSWSIHSKGEWMTTEDMLQVWNRVWIEENEWMMD JEJa0ArS982 FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVDWVPTGRTSWSIHSKGEWMTTEDMLQVWNRVWIEENEWMMD JEK94P05 FHRRDQRLMANAICSAVPVDWVPTGRTSWSIHSKGEWMTTEDMLQVWNRVWIEENEWMMD JELing FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVDWVPTGRTSWSIHSKGEWMTTEDMLQVWNRVWIEENEWMMD JEVellorep20778 FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVDWVPTGRTSWSIHSKGEWMTTEDMLQVWNRVWIEENEWMMD KunjinMRM61C FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVNWVPTGRTTWSIHAGGEWMTTEDMLEVWNRVWIEENEWMED MVE FHRRDLRLMANAICSSVPVDWVPTGRTTWSIHGKGEWMTTEDMLSVWNRVWILENEWMED 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3TBEVasilchenko FHRRDLRTLGLAICSAVPVDWVPTGRTTWSIHASGAWMTTEDMLDVWNRVWILDNPFMQN WN2741 FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVNWVPTGRTTWSIHAGGEWMTTEDMLEVWNRVWIEENEWMED WNChin01 FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVNWVPTGRTTWSIHAGGEWMTTEGMLEVWNRVWIEENEWMED เมื่อWNNY99eqhs 09/10/2564 FHRRDLRLMANAICSAVPVNWVPTGRTTWSIHAGGEWMTTEDMLEVWNRVWIEENEWMED 02:27:14 Den1280par00 FHRRDLRLAANAICSAVPVDWVPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLSVWNRVWIEENPWMED Den1293arg00 FHRRDLRLAANAICSAVPVDWVPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLSVWNRVWIEENPWMED DEN1S27590 FHRRDLRLAANAICSAVPVDWVPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLSVWNRVWIEENPWMED Den2JamaicaN1409 FHRRDLRLAANAICSAVPSHWVPTSRTTWSIHAKHEWMTTEDMLAVWNRVWIQENPWMED Den2NewGuineaC FHRRDLRLAANAICSAVPSHWVPTSRTTWSIHAKHEWMTTEDMLTVWNRVWIQENPWMED Den2TSV01 FHRRDLRLAANAICSAVPSHWVPTSRTTWSIHATHEWMTTEDMLTVWNRVWIQENPWMED Den3802ChinaGuangxi FHRRDLRLASNAICSAVPVHWVPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLTVWNRVWIEDNPWMED Den3IMTSSAMART1243 FHRRDLRLASNAICSAVPVHWVPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLTVWNRVWIEDNPWMED Den3IMTSSASRI1266 FHRRDLRLASNAICSAVPVHWVPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLTVWNRVWIEENPWMED Den4 FHRRDLRLASMAICSAVPTEWFPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLKVWNRVWIEDNPNMTD Den4814669 FHRRDLRLASMAICSAVPTEWFPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLKVWNRVWIEDNPNMTD Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 FHRRDLRLASMAICSAVPTEWFPTSRTTWSIHAHHQWMTTEDMLKVWNRVWIEDNPNMTD YF8582H FHKRDMRLLSLAVSSAVPTSWVPQGRTTWSIHGKGEWMTTEDMLEVWNRVWITNNPHMQD YFTrinidad79A788 FHKRDMRLLSLAVSSAVPTSWVPQGRTTWSIHGKGEWMTTEDRLEVWNRVWITNNPHMQD
[841 900] CFA KESIESWDDIPYLHKKQDITCGSLIGVKERATWAREIENSVISVRRIIDAETGVLNTYKD JEBeijing1 KTPITSWTDVPYVGKREDIWCGSLIGTRSRATWAENIYAAINQVRAVIGKEN-----YVD JEJa0ArS982 KTPITSWTDVPYVGKREDIWCGSLIGTRSRATWAENIYAAINQVRAVIGKEN-----YVD JEK94P05 KTPITSWTDVPYVGKREDIWCGSLIGTRSRATWAENIYAAINQVRAIIGKED-----YVD JELing KTPITSWTDVPYVGKREDIWCGSLIGTRSRATWAENIYAAINQVRAVIGKEN-----YVD JEVellorep20778 KTPIASWTDVPYVGKREDIWCGSLIGTRSRATWAENIYAAINQVRAVIGKEN-----YVD KunjinMRM61C KTPVEKWSDVPYSGKREDIWCGSLIGTRARATWAENIQVAINQVRSIIGDEK-----YVD MVE KTTVSDWTEVPYVGKREDIWCGSLIGTRTRATWAENIYAAINQVRSVIGKEK-----YVD TBEVasilchenko KEKVTEWRDIPYLPKAHDMLCSSLVGRKERAEWAKNIWGAVEKVRKMVGPEK-----FRD WN2741 KTPVEKWSDVPYSGKREDIWCGSLIGTRARATWAENIQVAINQVRAIIGDEK-----YVD WNChin01 KTPVEKWSDVPYSGKREDIWCGSLIGTRTRATWAENIQVAINQVRAIIGDEK-----YVD WNNY99eqhs KTPVEKWSDVPYSGKREDIWCGSLIGTRARATWAENIQVAINQVRAIIGDEK-----YVD Den1280par00 KTHVSSWEEVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTARATWATNIQVAINQVRRLIGNEN-----YLD Den1293arg00 KTHVSSWEEVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTARATWATNIQVAINQVRRLIGNEN-----YLD DEN1S27590 KTHVSSWEDVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTARATWATNIQVAINQVRRLIGNEN-----YLD Den2JamaicaN1409 KTPVESWEEVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTSRATWAKNIQTAINQVRSLIGNEE-----YTD Den2NewGuineaC KTPVESWEEIPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTSRATWAKNIQTAINQVRSLIGNEE-----YTD Den2TSV01 KTPVESWEEIPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTSRATWAKNIQTAINQVRSLIGNEE-----YTD Den3802ChinaGuangxi KTPITTWEDVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTSRATWAQNILTAIQQVRSLIGNEE-----FLD Den3IMTSSAMART1243 KTPVTTWENVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTSRATWAQNIPTAIQQVRSLIGNEE-----FLD Den3IMTSSASRI1266 KTPVTTWENVPYLGKREDQWCGSLIGLTSRATWAQNIPTAIQQVRSLIGNEE-----FLD Den4 KTPVHSWEDIPYLGKREDLWCGSLIGLSSRATWAKNIHTAITQVRNLIGKEE-----YVD Den4814669 KTPVHSWEDIPYLGKREDLWCGSLIGLSSRATWAKNIHTAITQVRNLIGKEE-----YVD Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 KTPVHSWEDIPYLGKREDLWCGSLIGLSSRATWAKNIHTAITQVRNLIGKEE-----YVD YF8582H KTVVKEWRDVPYLTKRQDKLCGSLIGMTNRATWASHIHLVIHRIRTLIGQEK-----YTD YFTrinidad79A788 KTMVKEWRDVPYLTKRQDKLCGSLIGMTNRATWASNIHLVIHRIRTLVGQEK-----YTD
[901 921] CFA ELSVMSRYR------RGNDVI JEBeijing1 YMTSLRRYE-D-VLIQEDRVI JEJa0ArS982 YMTSLRRYE-D-VLIQEDRVI JEK94P05 YMTSLRRYE-D-VLIQEDRVI JELing YMTSLRRYE-D-VLIQEDRVI Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 203
JEVellorep20778 YMTSLRRYE-D-VLTQEDRVI KunjinMRM61C YMSSLKRYE-D-TTLVEDTVL MVE YVQSLRRYE-E-THVSEDRVL TBEVasilchenko YLSCMDRHDLHWELRLESSII WN2741 YMSSLKRYE-D-TTLVEDTVL WNChin01 YMSSLKRYE-D-TTLVEDTVL WNNY99eqhs YMSSLKRYE-D-TTLVEDTVL Den1280par00 YMTSMKRFK-N-ESDPEGALW Den1293arg00 YMTSMKRFK-N-ESDPEGALW DEN1S27590 YMTSMKRFK-N-ESDPEGALW Den2JamaicaN1409 YMPSMKRFR-R-EEEEAGVLW Den2NewGuineaC YMPSMKRFR-R-EEEEAGVLW Den2TSV01 YMPSMKRFR-R-EEEEAGVLW Den3802ChinaGuangxi YMPSMKRFR-K-EEESEGAIW Den3IMTSSAMART1243 YMPSMKRFR-K-EEESEGAIW Den3IMTSSASRI1266 YMPSMKRFR-K-EEESEGAIW Den4 YMPVMKRYS-A-PSESEGVL- Den4814669 YMPVMKRYS-A-PSESEGVL- Den4ChinaGuanzhouB5 YMPVMKRYS-A-PFESEGVL- YF8582H YLTVMDRYSVD-ADLQPGELI 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YFTrinidad79A788 YLTVMDRYSVD-ADLQPGELI เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14 Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 204
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX I Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 205
APPENDIX I NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF NS-3 GENE OF MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES
[1 60] CFA TCTGATGATCTCTTGGGACTCGGCGGACCTGTTGAAACTGACCTCCAGACCAGCTTTCAA JEBeijing1 GGGGGCGTGTTTTGGGACACGCCATCCCCAAAACCTTGC---TCAAAAGGA------GAC JEJa0ArS982 GGGGGCGTGTTTTGGGACACGCCATCCCCAAAACCTTGC---TCAAAAGGA------GAC JEK94P05 GGGGGCGTGTTCTGGGACACGCCATCTCCAAAGCCTTGC---TTAAAGGGG------GAC JELing GGGGGCGTGTTTTGGGACACGCCATCCCCAAAACCTTGC---TCAAAAGGA------GAC JEVellorep20778 GGGGGCGTGTTTTGGGACACGCCATCCCCAAAACCTTGC---TCAAAAGGA------GAC KunjinMRM61C GGAGGTGTGCTGTGGGACACTCCCTCTCCAAAGGAGTAC---AAGAGAGGG------GAC MVE GGGGGTGTTTTTTGGGATACGCCTTCCCCAAAAGTGTAT---CCCAAGGGG------GAT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3TBEVasilchenko TCTGACTTGGTCTTCTCCGGACAGGGGGGGCGCGAGCGAGGTGATAAACCT------TTC WN2741 GGAGGCGTGTTGTGGGACACTCCCTCACCAAAGGAGTAC---AAAAAGGGG------GAC WNChin01 GGAGGTGTGCTGTGGGACACTCCCTCACCAAAGGAGTAC---AAAAAGGGG------GAC WNNY99eqhs GGAGGCGTGTTGTGGGACACTCCCTCACCAAAGGAGTAC---AAAAAGGGG------GAC เมื่อYF8582H 09/10/2564 GGGGATGTCCTGTGGGACATTCCCACTCCTAAGATCATT---GAAGAATGT------GAA 02:27:14 YFTrinidad79A78 GGGGATGTCTTGTGGGACATTCCCACTCCTAAGATCATT---GAGGAATGT------GAA Den1280par00 TCAGGAGTGTTATGGGACACACCCAGCCCTCCGGAAGTG---GAAAGAGCA------GTT Den1293arg00 TCAGGAGTGTTATGGGACACACCCAGCCCTCCGGAAGTG---GAAAGAGCA------GTT Den1S27590 TCTGGAGTGTTATGGGACACACCTAGCCCTCCAGAAGTG---GAAAGAGCA------GTC Den2JamaicaN1409 GCTGGAGTATTGTGGGACGTCCCTTCACCCCCACCAGTG---GGAAAAGCC------GAA Den2NewGuineaC GCTGGAGTATTGTGGGATGTCCCTTCACCCCCACCCGTG---GGAAAGGCT------GAA Den2TSV01 GCCGGAGTATTGTGGGATGTCCCTTCACCCCCACCTGTG---GGAAAGGCC------GAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TCCGGCGTCCTATGGGACGTACCCAGCCCCCCAGAGACA---CAGAAAGCG------GAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TCCGGCGTTCTATGGGACGTACCCAGCCCCCCAGAGACA---CAGAAAGCA------GAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TCCGGCGTTTTATGGGACGTACCCAGCCCCCCAGAGACA---CAGAAAGCA------GAA Den4 TCAGGAGCCCTGTGGGACGTCCCCTCACCCGCTGCCACT---AAAAAAGCC------GCA Den4814669 TCAGGAGCCCTGTGGGACGTCCCCTCACCCGCTGCCACT---AAAAAAGCC------GCA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TCAGGAGCCTTGTGGGACGTCCCCTCACCTGCTGCCGCT---CAGAAAGCC------ACA
[61 120] CFA GACATTCCCAATGGAGTGTATCGCATCGTTGTTCGCAGCTTATTT---GGCGACCGGCAA JEBeijing1 ---ACCACTACAGGAGTCTACCGAATCATGGCTAGAGGGATTCTT---GGCACTTACCAG JEJa0ArS982 ---ACTACTACAGGAGTCTACCGAATTATGGCTAGAGGGATTCTT---GGCACTTACCAG JEK94P05 ---ACCACCACAGGAGTTTACCGAATTATGGCTAGGGGGATTCTC---GGCACTTACCAG JELing ---ACTACTACAGGAGTCTACCGAATCATGGCTAGAGGGATTCTT---GGCACTTACCAG JEVellorep20778 ---ACCACCACAGGAGTTTACCGAATCATGGCTAGAGGGATTCTT---GGCACCTACCAG KunjinMRM61C ---ACGACCACTGGTGTCTATAGGATCATGACTCGTGGATTACTT---GGTAGTTACCAA MVE ---ACGACGCCAGGAGTCTACCGAATAATGGCCAGAGGTATCCTG---GGAAGGTACCAA TBEVasilchenko GAGGTCAGGGATGGTGTCTACAGGATCTTCAGCCCTGGTCTGCTCTGGGGCCAACGTCAG WN2741 ---ACGACCACCGGCGTCTACAGGATCATGACTCGTGGGCTGCTC---GGCAGTTATCAA WNChin01 ---ACGACCACTGGCGTCTACAGGATCATGACTCGTGGGTTGCTC---GGCAGTTATCAA WNNY99eqhs ---ACGACCACCGGCGTCTACAGGATCATGACTCGTGGGCTGCTC---GGCAGTTATCAA YF8582H CATCTGGAGGATGGGATTTATGGCATATTCCAGTCAACCTTCTTG---GGAGCCTCCCAG YFTrinidad79A78 CATCTGGAGGATGGAATTTATGGCATATTCCAGTCAACCTTCTTG---GGGGCCTCCCAG Den1280par00 ---CTTGATGATGGCATCTATAGAATCCTGCAAAGAGGACTGTTG---GGCAGGTCCCAA Den1293arg00 ---CTTGATGATGGCATCTATAGAATCCTGCAAAGAGGACTGTTG---GGCAAGTCCCAA Den1S27590 ---CTTGATGATGGTATCTATAGAATTATGCAGAGAGGACTGTTG---GGCAGGTCCCAA Den2JamaicaN1409 ---CTGGAAGATGGAGCCTATAGAATCAAGCAAAGAGGGATTCTT---GGATACTCTCAG Den2NewGuineaC ---CTGGAAGATGGAGCCTATAGAATCAAGCAAAAAGGGATTCTT---GGATATTCCCAG Den2TSV01 ---CTGGAAGATGGAGCCTATAGAATCAAGCAGAAAGGGATTCTA---GGATACTCGCAG Den3802ChinaGuangxi ---CTGGAAGAAGGGGTCTATAGGATCAAACAGCAAGGAATTTTT---GGGAAAACCCAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ---CTGGAAGAAGGGGTCTATAGGATCAAACAGCAAGGAATTTTT---GGGAAAACCCAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ---CTGGAAGAAGGGGTTTATAGGATCAAACAGCAAGGAATTTTT---GGGAAAACCCAA Den4 ---CTGTCTGAAGGAGTGTACAGGATCATGCAAAGAGGGTTATTC---GGGAAAACTCAG Den4814669 ---CTGTCTGAAGGAGTGTACAGGATCATGCAAAGAGGGTTATTC---GGGAAAACTCAG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ---CTGACTGAAGGAGTGTACCGGATCATGCAGAGAGGGTTGTTT---GGGAAAACTCAG
[121 180] CFA CGAGGGGCTGGCTTTTCGAAAAATGGGGTGTTTCACACTCTCATGCACGTCACTCGAGGT JEBeijing1 GCCGGCGTCGGAGTCATGTACGAGAATGTTTTCCACACACTATGGCACACAACTAGAGGA JEJa0ArS982 GCCGGCGTCGGAGTCATGTACGAGAATGTTTTCCACACACTATGGCACACAACTAGAGGA JEK94P05 GCCGGCGTTGGAGTCATGTACGAGAATGTTTTCCACACATTGTGGCACACAACTAGAGGA JELing GCCGGCGTCGGAGTCATGTACGAGAATGTTTTCCACACACTATGGCACACAACTAGAGGA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 206
JEVellorep20778 GCCGGCGTTGGAGTCATGTACGAAAATGTTTTCCACACACTATGGCACACAACTAGAGGA KunjinMRM61C GCAGGAGCAGGCGTGATGGTTGAAGGTGTTTTCCACACCCTCTGGCACACGACAAAAGGA MVE GCTGGGGTAGGAGTCATGCATGAGGGTGTGTTCCACACGCTGTGGCACACAACTAGAGGA TBEVasilchenko GTGGGAGTCGGATATGGCTTCAAGGGTGTTCTGCACACGATGTGGCATGTGACAAGAGGA WN2741 GCAGGAGCGGGCGTGATGGTTGAAGGTGTTTTCCACACCCTTTGGCATACAACAAAAGGA WNChin01 GCAGGAGCGGGCGTGATGGTTGAAGGTGTTTTCCACACCCTTTGGCACACAACAAAAGGA WNNY99eqhs GCAGGAGCGGGCGTGATGGTTGAAGGTGTTTTCCACACCCTTTGGCATACAACAAAAGGA YF8582H CGAGGAGTGGGAGTAGCACAAGGAGGGGTGTTCCACACAATGTGGCATGTCACAAGAGGA YFTrinidad79A78 CGAGGAGTGGGAGTGGCACAGGGAGGGGTGTTCCACACAATGTGGCATGTCACAAGAGGA Den1280par00 GTAGGAGTGGGAGTTTTCCAGGACGGCGTGTTCCACACAATGTGGCACGTCACCAGGGGA Den1293arg00 GTAGGAGTGGGAGTTTTCCAGGACGGCGTGTTCCACACAATGTGGCACGTCACCAGGGGA Den1S27590 GTAGGAGTGGGAGTTTTCCAAGACGGCGTGTTCCACACAATGTGGCACGTCACCAGGGGA Den2JamaicaN1409 ATTGGAGCCGGAGTTTACAAAGAAGGAACATTCCATACAATGTGGCACGTCACACGTGGT Den2NewGuineaC ATCGGAGCCGGAGTTTACAAAGAAGGAACATTCCATACAATGTGGCATGTCACACGCGGC Den2TSV01 ATCGGAGCCGGAGTTTACAAAGAAGGAACATTCCACACAATGTGGCATGTCACACGTGGT Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTGGGGGTTGGAGTACAGAAAGAAGGAGTTTTCCACACCATGTGGCACGTCACAAGAGGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTAGGGGTTGGAGTACAGAAAGAAGGAGTCTTCCACACCATGTGGCACGTTACAAGAGGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTAGGGGTTGGAGTACAGAAAGAAGGAGTCTTCCACACCATGTGGCACGTCACAAGAGGG Den4 GTTGGAGTAGGGATACACATGGAAGGTGTATTTCACACAATGTGGCATGTAACAAGAGGA Den4814669 GTTGGAGTAGGGATACACATGGAAGGTGTATTTCACACAATGTGGCATGTAACAAGAGGA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTTGGAGTAGGGATACACATGGAAGGTGTGTTTCACACAATGTGGCATGTAACAAGAGGA [181 240] เมื่อCFA 09/10/2564 GAACCAGTCAAATGGCGTGGGCGAGTTGTCGTTCCTCACTCTGGTAGCGCCTTGCGCGAC 02:27:14 JEBeijing1 GCAGCCATTATGAGTGGAGAAGGAAAATTGACGCCATACTGGGGTAGTGTGAAAGAAGAC JEJa0ArS982 GCAGCCATTATGAGTGGAGAAGGAAAATTGACGCCATACTGGGGTAGTGTGAAAGAAGAC JEK94P05 GCAGCCATCATGAGTGGAGAAGGAAAGCTAACGCCATACTGGGGTAGTGTGAAGGAAGAC JELing GCAGCCATTATGAGTGGAGAAGGAAAATTGACGCCATACTGGGGTAGTGTGAAAGAAGAC JEVellorep20778 GCAGCTATTATGAGTGGAGAAGGAAAATTGACGCCATACTGGGGTAGTGTGAAAGAAGAC KunjinMRM61C GCCGCTCTGATGAGCGGAGAAGGCCGCCTGGATCCATATTGGGGCAGCGTCAAGGAGGAT MVE GCTGCCATAATGAGTGGTGAAGGAAGATTGACACCATACTGGGGCAATGTGAAAGAGGAC TBEVasilchenko GCGGCGTTGTCCATCAATGACGCTGTGGCAGGTCCATATTGGGCTGATGTCAAGGAAGAC WN2741 GCCGCTTTGATGAGCGGAGAGGGCCGCCTGGACCCATACTGGGGCAGTGTCAAGGAGGAT WNChin01 GCCGCTTTGATGAGCGGAGAAGGCCGCCTGGACCCATACTGGGGTAGCGTCAAGGAGGAT WNNY99eqhs GCCGCTTTGATGAGCGGAGAGGGCCGCCTGGACCCATACTGGGGCAGTGTCAAGGAGGAT YF8582H GCTTTCCTTGTCAGGAATGGCAAGAAGCTGATTCCATCTTGGGCTTCAGTAAAAGAGGAC YFTrinidad79A78 GCTTTCCTTGTTTGGAATGGCAAGAAGTTGATCCCATCTTGGGCTTCAGTAAAGGAAGAC Den1280par00 GCTGTCCTTATGTACCAAGGGAAGAGGTTGGAACCAAGCTGGGCCAGTGTCAAAAAGGAC Den1293arg00 GCTGTCCTTATGTACCAAGGGAAGAGGTTGGAACCAAGCTGGGCCAGTGTCAAAAAGGAC Den1S27590 GCTGTCCTTATGTACCAAGGGAAGAGGCTGGAACCAAGCTGGGCCAGTGTCAAAAAAGAC Den2JamaicaN1409 GCTGTTCTGATGCATAAAGGGAAGAGGATTGAACCATCATGGGCAGACGTCAAGAAAGAC Den2NewGuineaC GCTGTTCTAATGCATAAAGGAAAGAGGATTGAACCATCATGGGCGGACGTTAAGAAAGAC Den2TSV01 GCTGTCCTAATGCATAAAGGGAAGAGAATTGAACCATCATGGGCGGACGTCAAGAAAGAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GCAGTGTTGACACACAATGGGAAAAGACTGGAACCAAACTGGGCTAGCGTGAAAAAAGAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GCAGTGTTGACATATAATGGGAAAAGACTGGAACCGAACTGGGCTAGCGTGAAAAAAGAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GCAGTGTTGACACATAATGGGAAAAGACTGGAACCAAACTGGGCTAGTGTGAAAAAAGAT Den4 TCAGTGATCTGCCACGAGACTGGGAGATTGGAGCCATCTTGGGCTGACGTCAGGAATGAC Den4814669 TCAGTGATCTGCCACGAGACTGGGAGATTGGAGCCATCTTGGGCTGACGTCAGGAATGAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TCAGTGATCTGCCATGAGACTGGGAGACTGGAGCCATCTTGGGCTGATGTCAGGAACGAC
[241 300] CFA GTGGTGTCGTATGGTGGACCTTGGCAGTTGGACACCCCC---ACCACCACGGAAGACCTC JEBeijing1 CGCATAGCTTACGGAGGCCCATGGAGGTTTGATCGAAAATGGAATGGAACAGATGACGTG JEJa0ArS982 CGCATAGCTTACGGAGGCCCATGGAGGTTTGACCGAAAATGGAATGGAACAGATGACGTG JEK94P05 CGCATAAGCTATGGAGGCCCGTGGAGGTTCGACCGGAAGTGGAATGGAACAGATGATGTG JELing CGCATAGCTTACGGAGGCCCATGGAGGTTTGATCGAAAATGGAATGGAACAGATGACGTG JEVellorep20778 CGCATAGCTTACGGAGGCCCATGGAGGTTTGATCGAAAATGGAATGGAACTGATGACGTG KunjinMRM61C CGACTTTGTTATGGTGGACCCTGGAAACTGCAGCACAAGTGGAATGGGCAAGATGAGGTG MVE AGAGTGACCTATGGTGGCCCATGGAAATTAGATCAAAAATGGAATGGAGTGGATGACGTC TBEVasilchenko GTCGTGTGCTACGGTGGAGCCTGGAGCCTGGAGGAAAAATGGAAAGGT---GAAACAGTG WN2741 CGACTTTGTTACGGAGGACCCTGGAAATTGCAGCACAAGTGGAACGGGCAGGATGAGGTG WNChin01 CGACTTTGCTACGGAGGACCCTGGAAATTGCAGTGCAAGTGGAATGGGCAGGATGAGGTG WNNY99eqhs CGACTTTGTTACGGAGGACCCTGGAAATTGCAGCACAAGTGGAACGGGCAGGATGAGGTG YF8582H CTTGTCGCCTATGGTGGCTCATGGAAATTGGAAGGTAGATGGGATGGGGAAGAAGAGGTC YFTrinidad79A78 CTTGTCGCCTATGGTGGCTCATGGAAGTTGGAAGGCAGATGGGATGGAGAGGAAGAAGTC Den1280par00 TTGATCTCATATGGAGGAGGTTGGAGATTTCAAGGATCATGGAACACGGGAGAAGAGGTG Den1293arg00 TTGATCTCATATGGAGGAGGTTGGAGATTTCAAGGATCATGGAACACGGGAGAAGAGGTG Den1S27590 TTGATCTCATATGGAGGAGGTTGGAGGTTTCAAGGATCCTGGAACACGGGAGAAGAAGTG Den2JamaicaN1409 CTAATATCATATGGAGGAGGCTGGAAGCTAGAAGGAGAATGGAAGGAAGGAGAGGAAGTC Den2NewGuineaC CTAATATCATATGGAGGAGGCTGGAAGCTAGAAGGAGAATGGAAGGAAGGAGAAGAAGTC Den2TSV01 CTAATATCGTATGGAGGAGGCTGGAAGCTAGAAGGAGAATGGAAGGAAGGAGAAGAAGTC Den3802ChinaGuangxi CTGATTTCATACGGAGGAGGATGGAGATTGAGTGCACAATGGCAAAAGGGGGAGGAGGTG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTGATTTCATACGGAGGAGGATGGAGATTGAGCGCACAATGGCAAAAGGGGGAGGAGGTG Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 207
Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTGATTTCATATGGAGGAGGATGGAGACTGAGCGCACAATGGCAAAAGGGGGAGGAGGTG Den4 ATGATATCATACGGTGGGGGATGGAGGCTTGGAGACAAATGGGACAAAGAAGAAGACGTT Den4814669 ATGATATCATACGGTGGGGGATGGAGGCTTGGAGACAAATGGGACAAAGAAGAAGACGTT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATGATATCATACGGTGGGGGATGGAGGCTCGGAGACAAATGGGACAAAGAAGAAGATGTT
[301 360] CFA GTGCTGATGGCTTGCAAACCGGATAAGACCATTGAGTACCATAGGTACAGGCCGGGAGTC JEBeijing1 CAAGTGATTGTGGTAGAACCAGGGAAGGCTGCAGTAAACATCCAGACAAAACCAGGAGTG JEJa0ArS982 CAAGTGATCGTGGTAGAACCGGGGAAGGCTGCAGTAAACATCCAGACAAAACCAGGAGTG JEK94P05 CAAGTGATCGTGGTGGAACCAGGGAAACCTGCAGTAAACATCCAGACAAAACCGGGAATT JELing CAAGTGATTGTGGTAGAACCAGGGAAGGCTGCAGTAAGCATCCAGACGAAACCAGGAGTG JEVellorep20778 CAAGTGATCGTGGTAGAACCAGGGAAGGCTGCAGTAAACATCCAGACAAAACCAGGAGTG KunjinMRM61C CAAATGATTGTGGTGGAACCAGGGAAGAATGTCAAGAACGTCCAGACTAAGCCGGGGGTG MVE CAGATGATAGTGGTGGAACCAGGAAAGCCAGCAATAAACGTGCAGACCAAGCCCGGGATT TBEVasilchenko CAGGTCCATGCCTTCCCACCGGGGAGGGCCCATGAGGTGCATCAGTGCCAGCCTGGAGAA WN2741 CAGATGATTGTGGTGGAACCTGGCAAGAACGTTAAGAACGTCCAGACGAAACCAGGGGTG WNChin01 CAAATGATTGTGGTGGAACCTGGCAAGAACGTTAAAAACGTCCAGACGAAACCAGGGGTG WNNY99eqhs CAGATGATTGTGGTGGAACCTGGCAAGAACGTTAAGAACGTCCAGACGAAACCAGGGGTG YF8582H CAGTTGATTGCTGCTGTACCAGGGAAGAATGTGGTCAATGTCCAGACGAAACCTAGCTTG YFTrinidad79A78 CAGCTGATCGCGGCTGCTCCAGGAAAGAACGTGGTCAACGTCCAGACAAAACCGAGCTTG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den1280par00 CAGGTGATAGCCGTTGAACCAGGAAAAAATCCTAAAAATGTACAGACAACGCCGGGTACC Den1293arg00 CAGGTGATAGCCGTTGAACCAGGAAAAAATCCTAAAAATGTACAGACAACGCCGGGTACC Den1S27590 CAGGTGATTGCTGTTGAACCAGGAAAAAACCCCAAAAATGTACAGACAGCGCCGGGTACC เมื่อDen2JamaicaN1409 09/10/2564 CAAGTCCTGGCATTGGAACCTGGAAAAAATCCAAGAGCCGTCCAAACGAAACCTGGACTT 02:27:14 Den2NewGuineaC CAGGTCTTGGCATTGGAGCCTGGAAAAAATCCAAGAGCCGTCCAAACAAAACCTGGTCTT Den2TSV01 CAGGTCCTGGCATTAGAGCCTGGAAAGAATCCAAGAGCCGTCCAAACAAAACCCGGTCTT Den3802ChinaGuangxi CAGGTTATTGCCGTAGAGCCTGGGAAGAACCCAAAGAACTTTCAAACCATGCCAGGCATT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CAGGTTATTGCCGTAGAGCCTGGGAAGAACCCAAAGAACTTTCAAACCATGCCAGGCACT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CAGGTTATTGCCGTAGAGCCAGGGAAGAACCCAAAGAACTTTCAAACCACGCCAGGCACT Den4 CAGGTCCTCGCCATAGAACCAGGAAAAAATCCTAAACATGTCCAAACGAAACCTGGCCTT Den4814669 CAGGTCCTCGCCATAGAACCAGGAAAAAATCCTAAACATGTCCAAACGAAACCTGGCCTT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CAGGTTCTAGCTATAGAACCAGGAAAAAACCCGAAGCACGTCCAAACGAAGCCCGGTCTT
[361 420] CFA ATGAGTATTGAC---GGTGAGCCTGTCATGTTCATTAGTGATGATTTCGGAAAAGGATCT JEBeijing1 TTTCGAACTCCCTTCGGG---GAGGTTGGGGCTGTCAGTCTGGATTACCCGCGAGGAACA JEJa0ArS982 TTTCGGACTCCCTTCGGG---GAGGTTGGGGCTGTTAGTCTGGATTACCCGCGAGGAACA JEK94P05 TTTCCCCCCCCTTTCGGG---GAGGTTGGAGCAGTCAGCTTGGACTACCCACGGGGAACA JELing TTTCGAACTCCCTTCGGG---GAGGTTGGGGCTGTCAGTCTGGATTACCCGCGAGGAACA JEVellorep20778 TTTAGGACTCCCCTCGGG---GAGGTTGGGGCTGTTAGTCTGGATTACCCGCGGGGAACA KunjinMRM61C TTCAAAACACCTGAAGGG---GAGATCGGGGCCGTGACTCTGGATTTCCCCACTGGAACA MVE TTTAAGACAGCACATGGA---GAAATTGGAGCCGTGAGCTTGGATTACCCGATTGGAACT TBEVasilchenko CTGCTCTTGGACACAGGGAGAAGGATGGGAGCAGTACCGATTGACCTGGCCAAGGGAACA WN2741 TTCAAAACACCTGAAGGA---GAAATCGGGGCCGTGACTTTGGACTTCCCCACTGGAACA WNChin01 TTCAAAACACCTGAAGGA---GAAATCGGGGCTGTGACTCTGGACTTCCCCACTGGAACA WNNY99eqhs TTCAAAACACCTGAAGGA---GAAATCGGGGCCGTGACTTTGGACTTCCCCACTGGAACA YF8582H TTCAAAGTGAGGAATGGGGGAGAAATCGGGGCGGTTGCTCTTGATTACCCAAGTGGCACT YFTrinidad79A78 TTTAAAGTGAGGAATGGGGGAGAAATCGGGGCTGTCGCTCTTGACTATCCGAGTGGCACT Den1280par00 TTCAAGACTCCCGAAGGC---GAAGTTGGAGCTATAGCTCTAGATTTTAAACCCGGCACA Den1293arg00 TTCAAGACTCCCGAAGGC---GAAGTTGGAGCTATAGCTCTAGATTTTAAACCCGGCACA Den1S27590 TTCAAGACCCCTGAAGGT---GAAGTTGGAGCTATTGCCCTAGATTTTAAACCCGGCACA Den2JamaicaN1409 TTCAAAACCAACACCGGA---ACCATAGGCGCCGTATCTCTGGACTTTTCCCCTGGAACG Den2NewGuineaC TTCAAAACCAACGCCGGA---ACCATAGGTGCCGTATCTCTGGACTTTTCTCCTGGAACC Den2TSV01 TTTAAAACTAACACTGGA---ACCATAGGCGCCGTATCTCTGGACTTCTCTCCTGGAACG Den3802ChinaGuangxi TTTCAGACAACAACAGGG---GAAATAGGAGCAATTGCACTGGATTTCAAGCCTGGAACT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTTCAGACTACAACAGGG---GAAATAGGAGCAATTGCACTGGATTTCAAGCCTGGAACT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTCCAGACTACTACAGGG---GAAATAGGAGCAATTGCACTGGATTTCAAGCCTGGAACT Den4 TTCAAGACCCTAACTGGA---GAAATTGGAGCAGTAACATTAGATTTCAAACCCGGAACG Den4814669 TTCAAGACCCTAACTGGA---GAAATTGGAGCAGTAACATTAGATTTCAAACCCGGAACG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TTCAAAACCCTAACTGGA---GAAATTGGAGCAGTGACATTGGATTTTAAACCTGGAACG
[421 480] CFA TCTGGCTCACCGTTCTTC---ATCAATGGCGAGCCCGTCGGGTTCTATGGTTTTGGGTTC JEBeijing1 TCCGGCTCACCCATTCTGGATTTCAATGGAGACATCATAGGCCTATACGGCAATGGAGTT JEJa0ArS982 TCCGGCTCACCCATTCTGGATTCTAATGGAGACATCATAGGCCTATACGGCAATGGAGTT JEK94P05 TCCGGCTCACCCATCCTAAATTCCAATGGAGACGTCGTGGGCTGTTTGGGCAATGGAGTT JELing TCCGGCTCACCCATTCTGGATTTCAATGGAGACATCATAGGCCTATACGGCAATGGAGTT JEVellorep20778 TCCGGCTCACCCATTCTGGATTCCAATGGAGACATCATAGGCCTATACGGCAATGGAGTT KunjinMRM61C TCAGGCTCGCCCATAGTGGACAAAAACGGTGATGTGATTGGGCTTTATGGCAACGGAGTC MVE TCAGGATCCCCAATAGTCAATAGCAATGGAGAAATCATTGGCCTTTATGGAAATGGAGTG TBEVasilchenko TCTGGCAGCCCCATCCTGAATGCTCAAGGAGCAGTAGTGGGACTGTATGGAAATGGACTG WN2741 TCAGGCTCACCAATAGTGGACAAAAACGGTGATGTGATTGGGCTTTATGGCAATGGAGTC WNChin01 TCAGGCTCACCAATAGTGGACAAAAACGGTGATGTGATCGGGCTCTATGGCAATGGAGTC Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 208
WNNY99eqhs TCAGGCTCACCAATAGTGGACAAAAACGGTGATGTGATTGGGCTTTATGGCAATGGAGTC YF8582H TCGGGATCTCCTATTGTCAACAGGAATGGAGAGGTGATTGGTCTGTATGGCAATGGCATT YFTrinidad79A78 TCAGGATCTCCTATTGTTAACAGGAACGGAGAGGTGATTGGGCTGTACGGCAATGGCATC Den1280par00 TCTGGATCTCCCATCGTGAACAGAGAGGGAAAAATAGTAGGTCTTTATGGAAATGGAGTG Den1293arg00 TCTGGATCTCCCATCGTGAACAGAGAGGGAAAAATAGTAGGTCTTTATGGAAATGGAGTG Den1S27590 TCTGGATCTCCCATCGTGAACAGAGAAGGAAAAATAGTAGGTCTTTATGGAAATGGAGTA Den2JamaicaN1409 TCAGGATCTCCAATTGTCGACAGAAAAGGAAAAGTTGTGGGTCTTTACGGTAATGGTGTT Den2NewGuineaC TCAGGATCTCCAATCATCGACAAAAAAGGAAAAGTTGTGGGTCTTTATGGTAATGGTGTT Den2TSV01 TCAGGATCTCCAATTGTCGACAAAAAAGGAAAAGTTGTGGGCCTTTATGGCAACGGTGTC Den3802ChinaGuangxi TCAGGATCTCCCATCATAAACAGAGAGGGAAAGGTAGTGGGACTGTATGGCAATGGAGTG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TCAGGATCTCCTATCATAAACAGAGAGGGAAAGGTAGTGGGACTGTATGGCAATGGAGTG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TCAGGATCTCCTATCATAAATAGAGAGGGAAAGGTAGTGGGACTGTATGGCAATGGAGTG Den4 TCTGGTTCTCCCATCATCAACAGGAAAGGAAAAGTCATCGGACTCTATGGAAATGGAGTA Den4814669 TCTGGTTCTCCCATCATCAACAGGAAAGGAAAAGTCATCGGACTCTATGGAAATGGAGTA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TCTGGTTCTCCCATCATTAACAGGAAAGGAAAAGTCATCGGACTCTACGGAAATGGAGTG
[481 540] CFA TATGTG---AACGGTATTTACCGCTCAACAGTAGCAGGTGGCAAACCAACCGAT------JEBeijing1 GAGCTTGGCGATGGCTCATACGTCAGCGCCATCGTGCAGGGTGACCGTCAGGAGGAGCCA JEJa0ArS982 GAGCTTGGCGATGGCTCATACGTCAGCGCCATCGTGCAGGGTGACCGTCAGGAGGAACCA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEK94P05 GAACTCGGCGATGGATCATACGTCAGCGCCATTGTGCAGGGCGACCGTCAAGAAGAACCA JELing GAGCTTGGCGATGGCTCATACGTCAGCGCCATCGTGCAGGGTGACCGTCAGGAGGAGCCA JEVellorep20778 GAGCTTGGTGATGGCTCATACGTCAGCGCCATTGTGCAGGGTGACCGTCAGGAGGAACCA เมื่อKunjinMRM61C 09/10/2564 ATAATGCCCAATGGCTCATACATAAGCGCGATAGTGCAAGGTGAAAGGATGGATGAGCCG 02:27:14 MVE ATACTAGGTAATGGGGCCTACGTCAGTGCTATTGTTCAAGGAGAAAGAGTAGAGGAACCA TBEVasilchenko ---AAAACCAATGAGACTTATGTCAGCAGCATTGCTCAAGGAGAGGTTGAAAAAAGCCGA WN2741 ATAATGCCCAACGGCTCATACATAAGCGCGATAGTGCAGGGTGAAAGGATGGATGAGCCA WNChin01 ATAATGCCCAACGGCTCATACATAAGCGCGATAGTGCAGGGTGAAAGGATGGATGAGCCG WNNY99eqhs ATAATGCCCAACGGCTCATACATAAGCGCGATAGTGCAGGGTGAAAGGATGGATGAGCCA YF8582H CTTGTCGGTGACAATTCATTCGTGTCCGCCATTTCCCAGACTGAGGTGAAGGAGGAAGGA YFTrinidad79A78 CTTGTCGGTGACAACTCCTTCGTGTCCGCCATATCTCAGACTGAGGTGAAGGAAGAAGGA Den1280par00 GTGACAACAAGTGGAACCTACGTCAGTGCCATTGCCCAAGCTAAAACATCACAAGAAGGG Den1293arg00 GTGACAACAAGTGGAACCTACGTCAGTGCCATTGCCCAAGCTAAAACATCACAAGAAGGG Den1S27590 GTGACAACAAGTGGAACCTACGTCAGTGCCATAGCCCAAGCCAAAGCATCACAAGAAGGG Den2JamaicaN1409 GTCACAAGGAGTGGAGCATATGTGAGTGCTATAGCCCAGACCGAAAAAAGCATTGAAGAC Den2NewGuineaC GTTACAAGGAGTGGAGCATATGTGAGTGCTATAGCCCAGACTGAAAAAAGTATTGAAGAC Den2TSV01 GTCACAAGGAGTGGAGCATATGTGAGTGCCATAGCCCAGACTGAAAAAAGCATCGAAGAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTTACAAAGAATGGAGGCTATGTTAGTGGAATAGCGCAAACAAATGCAGAACCAGATGGA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTTACAAAGAATGGTGGCTACGTCAGCGGAATAGCGCAAACGAATGCAGAACCAGATGGA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTTACAAAGAATGGTGGCTATGTCAGCGGAATAGCGCAAACAAATGCAGAACCAGATGGA Den4 GTTACCAAATCAGGTGATTACGTCAGTGCCATAACGCAAGCCGAAAGAATTGGAGAG--- Den4814669 GTTACCAAATCAGGTGATTACGTCAGTGCCATAACGCAAGCCGAAAGAATTGGAGAG--- Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTCACTAAATCAGGTGATTACGTTAGTGCCATAACGCAAGCCGAAAGAACTGGTGAG---
[541 600] CFA GTCACGGAGAGCTTGAACTGTGATTCGACCAGGCGGTTT------JEBeijing1 GTCCCAGAAGCCTACACC---CCAACCATG------TTGAGAAAGAGACAGATGACTGTG JEJa0ArS982 GTCCCAGAAGCTTACACC---CCAAACATG------TTGAGAAAGAGACAGATGACTGTG JEK94P05 GTTCCAGATGCCTACACT---CCAAGCATG------CTAAAAAAGAAACAGATGACTGTG JELing GTCCCAGAAGCCTACACC---CCAACCATG------TTGAGAAAGAGACAGATGACTGTG JEVellorep20778 GTCCCAGAAGCTTACACC---CCAAACATG------TTAAAAAAGAGACAGATGACTGTG KunjinMRM61C GTTCCCGCCGGATTCGAA---CCTGAGATG------TTGAGGAAAAAACAGATCACCGTT MVE GTGCCAGAGGCCTACAAT---CCTGAGATG------CTAAAGAAAAGGCAACTAACCGTG TBEVasilchenko CCCAACCTCCCGCAGGCAGTTGTGGGCATGGGGTGGACAGCAAAAGGCCAAATCACAGTG WN2741 ATCCCAGCCGGATTCGAA---CCTGAGATG------CTGAGGAAAAAACAGATCACTGTA WNChin01 ATCCCAGCCGGATTCGAG---CCTGAGATG------CTGAGGAAAAAACAGATCACAGTT WNNY99eqhs ATCCCAGCCGGATTCGAA---CCTGAGATG------CTGAGGAAAAAACAGATCACTGTA YF8582H AAGGAGGAGCTTCAGGAGATCCCGACAATG------TTGAAGAAAGGAATGACAACTATC YFTrinidad79A78 AAAGAGGAACTCCAAGAGATCCCGACAATG------CTAAAGAAAGGAAAGACAACCATC Den1280par00 CCTCTACCAGAGATTGAG---GAGGAGGTG------TTTAAGAAAAGGAACTTAACAATA Den1293arg00 CCTCTACCAGAGATTGAG---GAGGAGGTG------TTTAAGAAAAGGAACTTAACAATA Den1S27590 CCCCTACCAGAGATTGAG---GACGAGGTG------TTTAGGAAAAGAAACTTAACAATA Den2JamaicaN1409 AAT---CCAGAGATCGAA---GATGACATT------TTCCGAAAGAAAAGATTGACCATT Den2NewGuineaC AAT---CCAGAGATCGAA---GATGATATT------TTTCGAAAGAGAAAATTGACCATC Den2TSV01 AAT---CCAGAGATTGAA---GATGACATC------TTTCGAAAGAAAAGATTGACCATC Den3802ChinaGuangxi CCGACACCAGAGTTGGAA---GAAGAGATG------TTCAAAAAGCGAAATCTAACCATA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CCGACACCAGAATTGGAA---GAAGAGATG------TTCAAAAAGCGAAATCTAACCATA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CCGACACCAGAGTTGGAA---GAAGAGATG------TTCAAAAAGCGAAACCTGACCATA Den4 CCAGATTATGAAGTGGAT---GAGGACATT------TTTCGAAAGAAAAGATTAACTATA Den4814669 CCAGATTATGAAGTGGAT---GAGGACATT------TTTCGAAAGAAAAGATTAACTATA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CCAGATTATGAAGTGGAT---GAGGACATT------TTTCGAAAGAAAAGACTAACTATA
[601 660] Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 209
CFA GTGACATGGCATCCAGGAAAAGGAAAGACGCGCAAGGTTATTGTCGAAGAAACCAAGAAG JEBeijing1 CTAGATTTGCACCCAGGTTCAGGGAAAACCAGGAAAATTCTGCCACAAATAATTAAGGAC JEJa0ArS982 CTAGATTTGCACCCTGGCTCAGGGAAGACCAGGAAAATTCTGCCACAGATAATCAAGGAC JEK94P05 CTGGACCTGCCCCCTGGTTCGGGAAAAACCAGGAAGATCCTACCCCAAATAATCAAGGAC JELing CTAGATTTGCACCCAGGTTCAGGGAAAACCAGGAAAATTCTGCCACAAATAATTAAGGAC JEVellorep20778 CTAGATCTGCATCCAGGTTCAGGGAAAACCAGGAAAATTCTGCCACAAATAATTAAGGAC KunjinMRM61C TTGGATCTTCACCCTGGTGCTGGTAAAACAAGGAGGATTCTGCCACAGATCATCAAAGAG MVE CTGGACCTGCACCCAGGTGCTGGGAAAACACGACGCATACTCCCCCAAATAATTAAAGAT TBEVasilchenko CTGGACATGCACCCAGGCTCTGGGAAGACCCACAGAGTCCTCCCGGAGCTCATCCGCCAA WN2741 CTGGATCTCCATCCCGGCGCCGGTAAAACAAGGAGGATTCTGCCACAGATCATCAAAGAG WNChin01 CTGGACCTTCATCCCGGTGCTGGTAAAACAAGAAGGATACTGCCACAGATCATCAAAGAG WNNY99eqhs CTGGATCTCCATCCCGGCGCCGGTAAAACAAGGAGGATTCTGCCACAGATCATCAAAGAG YF8582H CTCGACTACCATCCTGGAGCTGGGAAGACGCGACGGTTTCTCCCACAGATCTTGGCTGAA YFTrinidad79A78 CTTGATTTTCATCCTGGAGCTGGGAAGACAAGACGTTTTCTCCCGCAGATCTTGGCCGAG Den1280par00 ATGGACCTGCACCCAGGATCGGGAAAAACAAGAAGATATCTTCCAGCCATAGTCCGTGAG Den1293arg00 ATGGACCTGCACCCAGGATCGGGAAAAACAAGAAGATATCTTCCAGCCATAGTCCGTGAG Den1S27590 ATGGACCTACATCCAGGATCGGGGAAAACAAGAAGATATCTTCCAGCCATAGTCCGTGAG Den2JamaicaN1409 ATGGACCTTCATCCAGGAGCAGGAAAGACAAAAAGATACCTTCCAGCCATAGTTAGAGAA Den2NewGuineaC ATGGACCTCCACCCAGGAGCGGGAAAGACGAAGAGATACCTTCCGGCCATAGTCAGAGAG Den2TSV01 ATGGACCTCCACCCAGGAGCGGGAAAAACAAAGAGATACCTTCCAGCAATAGTTAGAGAA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATGGATCTTCATCCTGGGTCAGGAAAGACGCGGAAATATCTTCCAGCTATTGTTAGAGAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATGGATCTTCATCCTGGGTCAGGAAAGACACGGAAATACCTTCCAGCTATTGTTAGAGAG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATGGATCTTCATCCTGGGTCAGGAAAGACACGGAAATACCTTCCAGCTATTGTCAGAGAG เมื่อDen4 09/10/2564 ATGGACTTACACCCCGGAGCTGGAAAGACAAAAAGAATTCTTCCATCAATAGTGAGAGAA 02:27:14 Den4814669 ATGGACTTACACCCCGGAGCTGGAAAGACAAAAAGAATTCTTCCATCAATAGTGAGAGAA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATGGACCTACACCCCGGAGCCGGAAAGACAAAAAGAATTCTCCCATCAATAGTCAGAGAA
[661 720] CFA AACTATGATTCCAACCAACGGACCGTGATCTTAACACCCACCCGGGTAGTCATGGCTGAG JEBeijing1 GCTATTCAGCAGCGCCTAAGAACAGCTGTGTTGGCACCGACGCGGGTGGTAGCAGCAGAA JEJa0ArS982 GCCATCCAGCAGCGCCTAAGAACAGCTGTGCTGGCACCGACGCGGGTGGTAGCAGCAGAA JEK94P05 GCCATCCAGCAGCGCTTGAGAACAGCCGTGCTGGCACCCACACGAGTGGTAGCAGCAGAA JELing GCTATTCAGCAGCGCCTAAGAACAGCTGTGTTGGCACCGACGCGGGTGGTAGCAGCAGAA JEVellorep20778 GCTATCCAGCAGCGCCTAAGAACAGCTGTGTTGGCACCGACGCGGGTGGTAGCAGCAGAG KunjinMRM61C GCTATAAACAGGAGGCTGAGGACGGCTGTGCTGGCGCCAACTAGGGTTGTGGCCGCTGAG MVE GCCATCCAAAAAAGACTACGAACAGCTGTTCTTGCACCAACGAGGGTGGTTGCAGCAGAA TBEVasilchenko TGCATCGACAGACGCCTGAGGACTCTGGTGTTGGCACCAACTCGCGTGGTGCTCAAGGAA WN2741 GCCATAAACAGAAGACTGAGAACAGCCGTGCTAGCACCAACCAGGGTTGTGGCTGCTGAG WNChin01 GCCATAAATAGAAGATTGAGAACAGCCGTGCTAGCACCAACTAGGGTTGTAGCCGCTGAG WNNY99eqhs GCCATAAACAGAAGACTGAGAACAGCCGTGCTAGCACCAACCAGGGTTGTGGCTGCTGAG YF8582H TGCGCACGGAGACGCCTACGCACGCTTGTGCTGGCTCCTACCAGGGTTGTTCTTTCTGAA YFTrinidad79A78 TGCGCACGGAGACGCTTGCGCACTCTTGTGTTGGCCCCCACCAGGGTTGTTCTTTCTGAA Den1280par00 GCCATAAAAAGGAAACTGCGCACGTTAATCTTGGCTCCCACAAGAGTTGTCGCCTCTGAA Den1293arg00 GCCATAAAAAGGAAACTGCGCACGTTAATCTTGGCTCCCACAAGAGTTGTCGCCTCTGAA Den1S27590 GCCATAAGAAGGAACGTGCGCACACTAATTTTGGCTCCCACAAGGGTTGTCGCTTCCGAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GCCATAAAACGTGGCTTGAGAACATTAATCCTGGCTCCCACTAGAGTCGTGGCAGCTGAA Den2NewGuineaC GCTATAAAACGGGGCCTGAGGACATTAATCCTGGCCCCCACTAGAGTCGTGGCAGCTGAA Den2TSV01 GCCATAAAACGAGGCTTGAGAACACTAATCCTGGCCCCCACTAGAGTTGTGGCGGCTGAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GCAATCAAGAGACGCTTAAGGACTCTAATTTTGGCACCAACAAGGGTAGTTGCAGCTGAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GCAATCAAGAGACGTTTAAGAACTCTAATTTTGGCACCGACAAGGGTGGTTGCAGCTGAG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GCAATCAAGAGACGTTTAAGAACCTTAATTTTGGCACCGACAAGGGTGGTTGCAGCTGAG Den4 GCCTTAAAAAGGAGGCTACGAACTTTGATTTTAGCTCCCACGAGAGTGGTGGCGGCCGAG Den4814669 GCCTTAAAAAGGAGGCTACGAACTTTGATTTTAGCTCCCACGAGAGTGGTGGCGGCCGAG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GCCTTAAAAAGGAGGCTGCGGACCTTGATTTTGGCTCCCACGAGAGTGGTGGCGGCCGAG
[721 780] CFA GTCGTTGAGGCCTTGAATAACTCAGGCATGAGG------AGTGATAAGAACCTGTCG JEBeijing1 ATGGCAGAAGCTTTGAGAGGGCTCCCAGTACGATATCAAACTTCAGCAGTGCAGAGAGAG JEJa0ArS982 ATGGCAGAAGCTTTGAGAGGGCTCCCAGTGCGATATCAAACTTCAGCAGTGCAGAGAGAG JEK94P05 ATGGCGGAAGCTTTGAGAGGACTCCCAGTACGATATCAAACCTCAGCAGTGCAGAGGGAG JELing ATGGCAGAAGCTTTGAGAGGGCTCCCAGTACGATATCAAACTTCAGCAGTGCAGAGAGAG JEVellorep20778 ATGGCAGAAGCTTTGAGAGGGCTCCCAGTACGATATCAAACTTCAGCAGTGCAGAGAGAG KunjinMRM61C ATGGCTGAAGCCCTAAGAGGATTGCCTATCCGATACCAAACATCTGCGGTGGCCAGAGAG MVE ATGGCAGAAGCTTTGAGGGGCCTTCCAGTTAGGTATTTGACTCCAGCTGTACAAAGAGAA TBEVasilchenko ATGGAACGTGCACTAAATGGGAAGAGAGTCAGGTTCCACTCTCCCGCGGTAAGTGACCAA WN2741 ATGGCTGAAGCACTGAGAGGACTGCCCATCCGGTACCAGACATCCGCAGTGCCCAGAGAA WNChin01 ATGGCTGAAGCCCTGAGAGGACTGCCCATCCGATATCAGACATCTGCAGTGACCAGAGAA WNNY99eqhs ATGGCTGAAGCACTGAGAGGACTGCCCATCCGGTACCAGACATCCGCAGTGCCCAGAGAA YF8582H ATGAAGGAGGCTTTCCATGGCTTGGACGTGAAATTTCACACACAGGCTTTCTCCGCCCAC YFTrinidad79A78 ATGAAGGAGGCTTTTCACGGCCTGGACGTGAAATTCCACACACAGGCTTTCTCCGCTCAC Den1280par00 ATGGCAGAGGCGCTCAAGGGAATGCCAATAAGATATCAGACAACAGCAGTGAAGAGTGAA Den1293arg00 ATGGCAGAGGCGCTCAAGGGAATGCCAATAAGATATCAGACAACAGCAGTGAAGAGTGAA Den1S27590 ATGGCAGAGGCGCTCAAGGGAATGCCAATAAGGTACCAAACAACAGCAGTGAAGAGTGAA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 210
Den2JamaicaN1409 ATGGAGGAAGCTCTTAGAGGACTTCCGATAAGATACCAAACCCCAGCCATCAGAGCCGAG Den2NewGuineaC ATGGAGGAAGCCCTAAGAGGACTTCCAATAAGATACCAAACCCCAGCCATCAGAGCTGAG Den2TSV01 ATGGAAGAAGCTCTCAGAGGACTTCCAATAAGATACCAAACCCCAGCTATCAGAGCTGAG Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATGGAAGAAGCATTGAAAGGGCTCCCAATAAGGTATCAAACAACTGCAACAAAATCTGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATGGAAGAAGCATTGAAAGGGCTCCCAATAAGGTACCAAACAACAGCAACAAAATCTGAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATGGAAGAAGCATTGAAAGGGCTCCCAATAAGGTACCAAACAACAGCAACAAAATCTGAA Den4 ATGGAAGAGGCCCTACGTGGACTGCCAATCCGTTATCAGACCCCAGCTGTGAAATCAGAA Den4814669 ATGGAAGAGGCCCTACGTGGACTGCCAATCCGTTATCAGACCCCAGCTGTGAAATCAGAA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATGGAAGAGGCCCTACGTGGACTGCCAATCCGTTATCAGACTCCAGCTGTGAAATCAGAG
[781 840] CFA TACTGCACCAGGAACCTAATAACGGTTGCATGTCACGCAACGTTCACGAAATTTGTTCTT JEBeijing1 CACCAAGGGAATGAAATAGTGGACGTGATGTGCCACGCCACTCTGACCCACAGACTGATG JEJa0ArS982 CACCAAGGGAATGAAATAGTGGATGTGATGTGCCACGCCACTCTGACCCATAGACTGATG JEK94P05 CATCAGGGAAATGAAATAGTAGACGTAATGTGCCATGCCACTCTGACCCATAGACTAATG JELing CACCAAGGGAATGAAATAGTGGACGTGATGTGCCACGCCACTCTGACCCACAGACTGATG JEVellorep20778 CACCAAGGGAATGAAATAGTGGATGTGATGTGTCACGCCACTCTGACCCACAGACTGATG KunjinMRM61C CACAATGGAAATGAGATCGTCGACGTCATGTGCCATGCAACCCTCACCCATAGGCTGATG MVE CACAGTGGAAACGAGATAGTGGATGTGATGTGCCATGCGACACTAACACATCGATTGATG TBEVasilchenko CAGATGGGAGGGGCAATCGTCGATGTCATGTGCCACGCCACCTATGTCAACAGACGGTTG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3WN2741 CATAATGGAAATGAGATTGTTGATGTCATGTGTCATGCTACCCTCACCCACAGGCTGATG WNChin01 CACAATGGAAATGAGATTGTTGATGTCATGTGCCATGCTACCCTCACTCACAGGCTGATG WNNY99eqhs CATAATGGAAATGAGATTGTTGATGTCATGTGTCATGCTACCCTCACCCACAGGCTGATG เมื่อYF8582H 09/10/2564 GGCAGTGGAAGAGAAGTCATTGATGCCATGTGCCATGCCACTCTAACATATAGAATGTTG 02:27:14 YFTrinidad79A78 GGCAGCGGGAGAGAAGTCATTGATGTCATGTGCCATGCCACCCTAACTTACAGGATGTTG Den1280par00 CACACAGGAAGGGAGATAGTTGACCTCATGTGCCATGCCACTTTTACCATGCGTCTCTTA Den1293arg00 CACACAGGAAGGGAGATAGTTGACCTCATGTGCCATGCCACTTTTACCATGCGTCTCTTA Den1S27590 CACACAGGAAAAGAGATAGTTGACCTCATGTGTCACGCCACTTTCACCATGCGTCTCCTG Den2JamaicaN1409 CACACCGGGCGGGAGATCGTGGACCTAATGTGTCATGCCACATTTACCATGAGGCTGCTA Den2NewGuineaC CACACCGGGCGGGAGATTGTGGACCTAATGTGTCATGCCACATTCACTATGAGGCTGCTA Den2TSV01 CACACTGGGCGGGAGATTGTGGATCTAATGTGTCACGCCACATTTACCATGAGGCTGCTA Den3802ChinaGuangxi CACACAGGAAGAGAGATTGTTGATCTAATGTGTCACGCAACGTTCACAATGCGCTTGCTG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CACACAGGAAGAGAGATTGTTGATCTAATGTGCCACGCAACGTTCACAATGCGTCTGCTG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CACACAGGAAGAGAGATTGTTGATCTAATGTGCCACGCAACGTTCACAATGCGTTTGCTG Den4 CACACAGGAAGAGAGATTGTAGACCTCATGTGTCATGCAACCTTCACAACAAGACTTTTG Den4814669 CACACAGGAAGAGAGATTGTAGACCTCATGTGTCATGCAACCTTCACAACAAGACTTTTG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CACACAGGAAGAGAGATCGTGGACCTCATGTGTCATGCAACCTTCACAACAAGACTTTTA
[841 900] CFA AGCCATGGCGCCAAGAAAGTGCGGGTTGCCATGATCATCATGGATGAGTGCCATTTCATG JEBeijing1 TCACCGAAC---AGAGTGCCCAACTATAACCTATTTGTCATGGATGAAGCTCATTTCACC JEJa0ArS982 TCACCGAAC---AGAGTGCCCAACTACAACCTATTTGTCATGGATGAAGCTCATTTCACT JEK94P05 TCACCAAAC---AGGGTGCCCAACTACAATTTATTCGTGATGGATGAGGCTCACTTCACT JELing TCACCGAAC---AGAGTGCCCAACTACAACCTATTTGTCATGGATGAAGCTCATTTCACC JEVellorep20778 TCACCGAAC---AGAGTGCCCAACTACAACTTATTTGTCATGGATGAGGCCCACTTCACC KunjinMRM61C TCTCCTCAT---AGGGTGCCTAATTACAACCTATTTGTGATGGACGAGGCCCACTTCACC MVE TCGCCGCTA---AGAGTCCCGAATTACAACCTGTTTGTCATGGATGAAGCCCATTTCACA TBEVasilchenko CTCCCGCAG---GGGAGACAAAACTGGGAGGTGGCAATCATGGACGAAGCCCATTGGACA WN2741 TCTCCTCAC---AGGGTGCCGAACTACAACCTGTTCGTGATGGATGAGGCTCATTTCACC WNChin01 TCTCCTCAC---AGGGTGCCGAACTACAATCTATTCGTGATGGATGAGGCTCATTTCACC WNNY99eqhs TCTCCTCAC---AGGGTGCCGAACTACAACCTGTTCGTGATGGATGAAGCTCATTTCACC YF8582H GAACCAACC---AGGATTGTCAACTGGGAAGTGATCATTATGGATGAAGCCCATTTCCTG YFTrinidad79A78 GAACCAACT---AGGATTGTTAACTGGGAAGTGATCATCATGGATGAAGCCCATTTTTTG Den1280par00 TCTCCAGTG---AGAGTTCCCAATTACAACATGATTATCATGGATGAAGCACATTTTACC Den1293arg00 TCTCCAGTG---AGAGTTCCCAATTACAACATGATTATCATGGATGAAGCACATTTTACC Den1S27590 TCTCCCGTG---AGAGTTCCCAATTACAACATGATTATCATGGATGAAGCACATTTTACC Den2JamaicaN1409 TCACCAGTC---AGAGTGCCAAATTACAACCTGATCATCATGGACGAAGCCCACTTCACA Den2NewGuineaC TCACCAGTT---AGAGTGCCAAATTACAACCTGATCATCATGGACGAAGCCCATTTCACA Den2TSV01 TCACCAATT---AGAGTGCCAAATTACAACCTGATCATCATGGATGAAGCCCATTTCACA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TCACCAGTC---AGGGTTCCAAACTACAACTTGATAATAATGGATGAGGCTCATTTCACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TCACCAGTT---AGGGTTCCAAACTATAACTTGATAATAATGGATGAAGCCCATTTCACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TCACCAGTT---AGGGTTCCAAATTACAACTTGATAATAATGGATGAGGCCCATTTCACA Den4 TCATCAACC---AGGGTTCCAAATTACAACCTTATAGTGATGGATGAAGCACATTTCACC Den4814669 TCATCAACC---AGGGTTCCAAATTACAACCTTATAGTGATGGATGAAGCACATTTCACC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TCATCAACC---AGGGTTCCAAATTACAACCTCATAGTGATGGATGAAGCACATTTCACA
[901 960] CFA GATCCTATGTCCATTGCTGCGCGCGGA---ATCCTGGAACATCTCCACGGCCAAGGAACA JEBeijing1 GACCCAGCCAGTATAGCCGCACGAGGATATATTGCTACCAAAGTGGAATTAGGGGAGGCA JEJa0ArS982 GACCCAGCCAGCATAGCCGCACGAGGATACATTGCTACCAAGGTGGAATTAGGGGAGGCA JEK94P05 GACCCAGCTAGCATCGCCGCTCGGGGTTATATCGCAACTAAGGTGGAACTGGGGGAGGCA JELing GACCCAGCCAGCATAGCCGCACGAGGATACATTGCTACCAAAGTGGAATTAGGGGAGGCA JEVellorep20778 GACCCAGCCAGTATTGCCGCACGAGGATATATTGCTACCAAGGTGGAATTAGGGGAGGCA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 211
KunjinMRM61C GACCCAGCCAGCATCGCGGCTAGAGGATACATTTCCACGAGAGTTGAGCTGGGGGAGGCA MVE GATCCAGCCAGTATAGCAGCTCGTGGATATATTGCCACCCGTGTTGAAGCTGGAGAGGCC TBEVasilchenko GATCCGCACAGCATAGCCGCCAGGGGTCATTTGTATACTCTGGCAAAAGAAAACAAATGC WN2741 GACCCAGCTAGCATTGCAGCAAGAGGTTACATTTCCACAAAGGTCGAGCTAGGGGAGGCG WNChin01 GACCCAGCTAGCATTGCAGCAAGAGGTTACATTTCCACAAAAGTCGAGCTGGGGGAGGCG WNNY99eqhs GACCCAGCTAGCATTGCAGCAAGAGGTTACATTTCCACAAAGGTCGAGCTAGGGGAGGCG YF8582H GACCCAGCCAGCATAGCAGCTAGAGGCTGGGCAGCACACAGAGCCAGGGCAAATGAAAGT YFTrinidad79A78 GATCCAGCTAGCATAGCCGCCAGAGGTTGGGCAGCACACAGAGCTAGGGCAAATGAAAGT Den1280par00 GATCCAGCCAGCATAGCGGCCAGAGGGTACATCTCAACTCGAGTGGGTATGGGTGAAGCA Den1293arg00 GATCCAGCCAGCATAGCGGCCAGAGGGTACATCTCAACTCGAGTGGGTATGGGTGAAGCA Den1S27590 GATCCAGCCAGCATAGCGCGCAGAGGGTACATCTCAACCCGAGTGGGCATGGGTGAAGCA Den2JamaicaN1409 GACCCAGCAAGTATAGCAGCTAGAGGATACATTTCAACTCGAGTAGAGATGGGTGAAGCA Den2NewGuineaC GACCCAGCAAGTATAGCGGCTAGAGGATACATCTCAACTCGAGTAGAGATGGGTGAGGCA Den2TSV01 GACCCAGCAAGCATAGCAGCTAGAGGATACATTTCAACTCGAGTAGAGATGGGTGAAGCA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GACCCAGCCAGTATAGCGGCTAGAGGGTACATATCAACTCGTGTAGGAATGGGAGAGGCA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GACCCAGCCAGTATAGCGGCTAGAGGGTACATATCGACTCGTGTTGGAATGGGAGAGGCA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GACCCAGCCAGTATAGCGGCTAGAGGGTACATATCAACTCGTGTTGGAATGGGAGAGGCA Den4 GATCCTTCTAGTGTCGCGGCTAGAGGATACATCTCGACCAGGGTGGAAATGGGAGAGGCA Den4814669 GATCCTTCTAGTGTCGCGGCTAGAGGATACATCTCGACCAGGGTGGAAATGGGAGAGGCA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GACCCTTCTAGTGTCGCGGCTAGAGGATACATCTCAACCAGGGTGGAAATGGGAGAGGCA [961 1020] CFA AAATTGATTTACCTTAGTGCAACACCACCCGGCCACGCG------CCTGATACAGGC เมื่อJEBeijing1 09/10/2564 GCAGCCATCTTTATGACAGCGACCCCGCCTGGAACCACGGATCCCTTTCCTGACTCAAAT 02:27:14 JEJa0ArS982 GCAGCCATCTTCATGACAGCGACCCCGCCTGGAACCACGGATCCTTTTCCTGACTCAAAT JEK94P05 GCAGCCATTTTTATGACGGCGACCCCGCCCGGGACCACTGATCCCTTTCCCGACTCAAAT JELing GCAGCCATCTTTATGACAGCGACCCCGCCTGGAACCACGGATCCCTTTCCTGACTCAAAT JEVellorep20778 GCAGCCATCTTTATGACAGCGACCCCGCCTGGAACCACGGATCCTTTTCCTGACTCAAAC KunjinMRM61C GCTGCAATATTCATGACTGCCACCCCACCAGGTACCTCAGACCCATTTCCAGAGTCCAAT MVE GCGGCCATCTTTATGACGGCCACCCCTCCAGGCACATCTGACCCATTCCCGGACACCAAT TBEVasilchenko GCTTTGGTCCTCATGACGGCAACACCGCCTGGGAAGAGTGAGCCCTTCCCGGAGTCCAAT WN2741 GCGGCAATATTCATGACAGCCACCCCACCAGGCACTTCAGATCCATTCCCAGAGTCCAAT WNChin01 GCGGCAATATTCATGACAGCCACCCCACCAGGCACTTCAGACCCATTCCCAGAGTCCAAT WNNY99eqhs GCGGCAATATTCATGACAGCCACCCCACCAGGCACTTCAGATCCATTCCCAGAGTCCAAT YF8582H GCAACAATTCTGATGACGGCCACACCGCCAGGGACCAGTGATGAATTCCCACATTCAAAT YFTrinidad79A78 GCAACAATCTTGATGACAGCCACACCGCCTGGGACTAGTGATGAATTTCCACATTCAAAT Den1280par00 GCTGCGATCTTTATGACAGCCACTCCCCCAGGATCGGTGGAGGCCTTTCCACAAAGTAAT Den1293arg00 GCTGCGATCTTTATGACAGCCACTCCCCCAGGATCGGTGGAGGCCTTTCCACAAAGTAAT Den1S27590 GCTGCGATCTTCATGACAGCCACTCCCCCAGGATCGGTGGAGGCCTTTCCACAGAGCAAT Den2JamaicaN1409 GCTGGGATTTTCATGACAGCCACTCCTCCGGGAAGTAGAGACCCATTTCCTCAGAGCAAT Den2NewGuineaC GCTGGGATTTTCATGACAGCCACTCCTCCGGGAAGCAGAGACCCATTCCCTCAGAGCAAT Den2TSV01 GCTGGGATTTTCATGACAGCTACTCCTCCTGGAAGCAGAGACCCATTTCCTCAGAGCAAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi GCCGCAATTTTCATGACAGCAACACCCCCTGGAACAGCTGATGCCTTTCCTCAGAGCAAC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GCCGCAATTTTCATGACAGCAACGCCCCCTGGAACAGCTGATGCCTTTCCTCAGAGCAAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GCCGCAATCTTCATGACAGCAACACCCCCTGGAACAGCTGATGCCTTTCCTCAGAGCAAC Den4 GCAGCCATCTTCATGACCGCAACCCCTCCCGGAGCGACAGATCCCTTTCCCCAGAGCAAC Den4814669 GCAGCCATCTTCATGACCGCAACCCCTCCCGGAGCGACAGATCCCTTTCCCCAGAGCAAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GCAGCCATCTTTATGACTGCGACTCCTCCTGGAGCCACAGATCCCTTTCCCCAGAGCAAC
[1021 1080] CFA TCGAATTATGCAATAAGTGACCAATCCATTAGCTTCCCAACTTGGCTGAGTCCA---GCG JEBeijing1 GCCCCAATCCATGATTTGCAAGATGAGATTCCAGACAGGGCATGGAGCAGTGGATACGAA JEJa0ArS982 GCCCCAATCCATGATTTGCAAGATGAGATACCAGACAGGGCATGGAGCAGTGGATACGAA JEK94P05 GCCCCAATTCATGACCTGCAGGATGAGATCCCAGACAGGGCATGGAGCAGTGGATACGAA JELing GCCCCAATCCATGATTTGCAAGATGAGATTCCAGACAGGGCATGGAGCAGTGGATACGAA JEVellorep20778 GCCCCAATTCATGATTTGCAAGATGAGATTCCAGACAGGGCATGGAGCAGTGGATACGAA KunjinMRM61C GCACCAATATCCGACTTACAGACCGAAATCCCGGACCGAGCCTGGAACTCAGGGTATGAG MVE TCACCAGTCCATGATGTATCCAGTGAAATCCCAGACAGAGCATGGAGCAGTGGATTTGAG TBEVasilchenko GGAGCCATCACCAGTGAAGAGAAACAGATCCCCGAGGGAGAGTGGCGTGATGGGTTTGAC WN2741 TCACCAATTTCCGACTTACAGACTGAGATCCCGGATCGAGCTTGGAACTCTGGATACGAA WNChin01 TCACCTATTTCTGACTTACAGACTGAGATCCCGGATCGGGCCTGGAACTCTGGATACGAG WNNY99eqhs TCACCAATTTCCGACTTACAGACTGAGATCCCGGATCGAGCTTGGAACTCTGGATACGAA YF8582H GGTGAAATAGAAGATGTCCAAACGGACATACCCAGTGAACCCTGGAACACAGGGCATGAT YFTrinidad79A78 GGTGAAATAGAGGATGTTCAAACGGACATACCCAGTGAGCCCTGGAACACAGGGCATGAC Den1280par00 GCAGTTATCCAAGATGAGGAAAGAGACATTCCTGAGAGATCATGGAATTCAGGCTACGAC Den1293arg00 GCAGTTATCCAAGATGAGGAAAGAGACATTCCTGAGAGATCATGGAATTCAGGCTACGAC Den1S27590 GCAGTTATCCAAGATGAGGAAAGAGACATTCCTGAGAGATCATGGAACTCAGGCTATGAG Den2JamaicaN1409 GCACCAATCATGGATGAGGAAAGAGAAATCCCTGAGCGTTCGTGGAATTCAGGACATGAA Den2NewGuineaC GCACCAATCATGGATGAAGAAAGAGAAATCCCTGAACGTTCGTGGAGTTCTGGACATGAG Den2TSV01 GCACCAATCATGGATGAAGAAAGGGAAATCCCTGAGCGTTCGTGGAACTCTGGACATGAG Den3802ChinaGuangxi GCTCCAATTCAAGATGAAGAGAGAGACATACCGGAACGCTCATGGAATTCAGGCAATGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GCTCCAATTCAAGATGAAGAAAGGGACATACCAGAACGCTCATGGAATTCAGGCAATGAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GCTCCAATTCAAGATGAAGAAAGGGACATACCAGAACGCTCATGGAATTCAGGCAATGAA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 212
Den4 AGCCCAATAGAAGACATCGAGAGGGAAATTCCGGAAAGGTCATGGAACACAGGGTTCGAC Den4814669 AGCCCAATAGAAGACATCGAGAGGGAAATTCCGGAAAGGTCATGGAACACAGGGTTCGAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 AGCCCAATAGAAGACATCGAGAGAGAAATTCCAGAAAGGTCATGGAACACAGGGTTCGAC
[1081 1140] CFA TGGATTGGAAACGTCCAAAAATCCGTGGGGGCTAAGAAGACCATTTTATTCGTCCCATCG JEBeijing1 TGGATCACAGAATATGCGGGC------AAAACCGTGTGGTTTGTGGCGAGC JEJa0ArS982 TGGATCACAGAATATGCGGGC------AAAACCGTGTGGTTTGTGGCGAGC JEK94P05 TGGATCACGGACTATGCGGGA------AAAACTGTGTGGTTCGTGGCAAGC JELing TGGATCACAGAATATGCGGGT------AAAACCGTGTGGTTTGTGGCGAGC JEVellorep20778 TGGATCACAGAATATGCGGGT------AAAACCGTGTGGTTTGTGGCGAGC KunjinMRM61C TGGATTACAGAATATATCGGG------AAGACGGTTTGGTTTGTGCCTAGT MVE TGGATAACCGACTATGCTGGA------AAGACCGTCTGGTTCGTGGCAAGC TBEVasilchenko TGGATCACCGAGTATGAGGGG------CGCACCGCTTGGTTCGTTCCATCG WN2741 TGGATCACAGAATACACCGGG------AAGACGGTTTGGTTTGTGCCTAGT WNChin01 TGGATTACAGAATACATCGGG------AAAACGGTTTGGTTTGTGCCTAGT WNNY99eqhs TGGATCACAGAATACACCGGG------AAGACGGTTTGGTTTGTGCCTAGT YF8582H TGGATCCTGGCAGACAAAAGG------CCCACGGCATGGTTCCTCCCTTCC YFTrinidad79A78 TGGATCCTGGCTGACAAAAGG------CCCACGGCATGGTTCCTTCCATCC Den1280par00 TGGATCACTGATTTTCCAGGT------AAAACAGTCTGGTTTGTTCCAAGC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den1293arg00 TGGATCACTGATTTTCCAGGT------AAAACAGTCTGGTTTGTTCCAAGC Den1S27590 TGGATCACTGACTTCCCAGGT------AAAACAGTCTGGTTTGTTCCAAGC Den2JamaicaN1409 TGGGTCACGGATTTTAAAGGG------AAGACTGTTTGGTTTGTTCCAAGT เมื่อDen2NewGuineaC 09/10/2564 TGGGTCACGGATTTTAAAGGG------AAGACTGTTTGGTTCGTTCCAAGT 02:27:14 Den2TSV01 TGGGTTACGGATTTTAAAGGG------AAGACTGTTTGGTTTGTTCCAAGT Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGGATTACTGACTTTGTTGGG------AAGACAGTGTGGTTTGTCCCTAGC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGGATTACCGACTTCGCTGGG------AAAACGGTGTGGTTTGTCCCCAGC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGGATTACCGACTTCGCTGGG------AAAACGGTGTGGTTTGTCCCTAGC Den4 TGGATAACAGACTACCAAGGG------AAAACTGTGTGGTTTGTTCCCAGC Den4814669 TGGATAACAGACTACCAAGGG------AAAACTGTGTGGTTTGTTCCCAGC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TGGATAACCGACTACCAAGGG------AAAACTGTGTGGTTTGTTCCCAGC
[1141 1200] CFA CACAACCAAGCTAACACCCTGGCTAGTGCTATTCCTGGATCC------GTTCCA JEBeijing1 GTAAAAATGGGGAATGAGATTGCAATGTGCCTCCAAAGAGCGGGGAAAAAGGTCATCCAA JEJa0ArS982 GTAAAAATGGGGAATGAGATTGCAATGTGCCTCCAAAGAGCGGGGAAAAAGGTCATCCAA JEK94P05 GTGAAAATGGGGAATGAGATCGCAATGTGCCTTCAAAGAGCGGGGAAAAAGGTCATCCAG JELing GTAAAAATGGGGAATGAGATTGCAATGTGCCTCCAAAGAGCGGGGAAAAAGGTCATCCAA JEVellorep20778 GTAAAAATGGGGAATGAGATTGCAATGTGCCTCCAAAGAGCGGGGAAAAAGGTTATTCAA KunjinMRM61C GTGAAGATGGGAAATGAGATAGCCCTCTGTCTGCAGCGCGCTGGCAAAAAAGTCATCCAG MVE GTAAAAATGAGCAATGAGATCGCGCAGTGCTTGCAACGAGCAGGGAAGCGAGTTATCCAA TBEVasilchenko ATTGCAAAGGGTGGTGTCATTGCCCGCACCTTGAGACAAAAAGGGAAAAGCGTGATTTGT WN2741 GTCAAGATGGGGAATGAGATTGCCCTTTGCCTACAACGTGCTGGAAAGAAAGTAGTCCAA WNChin01 GTGAAAATGGGGAATGAGATTGCCCTTTGTCTACAACGTGCCGGCAAAAAAGTAGTCCAA WNNY99eqhs GTCAAGATGGGGAATGAGATTGCCCTTTGCCTACAACGTGCTGGAAAGAAAGTAGTCCAA YF8582H ATCAGGGCTGCAAATGTCATGGCTGCTTCCTTGCGCAAGGCTGGAAAGAGCGTGGTGGTC YFTrinidad79A78 ATCAGAGCTGCAAATGTCATGGCTGCCTCTTTGCGCAAGGCCGGAAAGAGTGTGGTGGTC Den1280par00 ATCAAGTCAGGAAATGACATTGCTAACTGTTTAAGAAAGAACGGAAAACGGGTGATCCAA Den1293arg00 ATCAAGTCAGGAAATGACATTGCTAACTGTTTAAGAAAGAACGGAAAACGGGTGATCCAA Den1S27590 ATCAAATCAGGAAATGACATTGCCAACTGCTTAAGAAAGAATGGGAAACGGGTGATTCAA Den2JamaicaN1409 ATAAAAGCAGGAAATGACATAGCAGCTTGTCTTAGGAAAAATGGAAAGAAAGTGATACAA Den2NewGuineaC ATAAAAGCAGGAAATGATATAGCAGCTTGCCTGAGAAAAAATGGAAAGAAAGTGATACAA Den2TSV01 ATAAAAGCAGGAAATGATATAGCAGCTTGCCTGAGAAAGAATGGAAAGAAAGTGATACAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi ATCAAAGCCGGAAATGACATAGCAAACTGCTTGCGGAAAAATGGAAAAAAGGTCATTCAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATTAAAGCCGGAAATGACATAGCAAACTGCTTGCGGAAAAACGGGAAAAAGGTCATTCAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATTAAAGCCGGAAATGACATAGCAAACTGCTTGCGAAAAAACGGGAAAAAAGTCATTCAA Den4 ATAAAAGCTGGAAATGACATTGCAAATTGTTTGAGAAAGTCGGGAAAGAAAGTTATCCAG Den4814669 ATAAAAGCTGGAAATGACATTGCAAATTGTTTGAGAAAGTCGGGAAAGAAAGTTATCCAG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATAAAAGCTGGCAATGATATTGCAAACTGCTTGAGAAAGTCGGGAAAGAAGGTGATCCAA
[1201 1260] CFA TTGCATCGAGCAAACTTTTCCTCTAACTATGCACAAGCAGGTGATGCAGCCACCGCCCTG JEBeijing1 CTCAACCGCAAGTCCTATGACACAGAATACCCAAAATGTAAGAATGGAGACTGGGATTTT JEJa0ArS982 CTCAACCGCAAGTCCTATGATACAGAATACCCAAAATGTAAGAATGGAGACTGGGACTTT JEK94P05 CTCAATCGTAAGTCTTATGACACAGAATACCCAAAATGCAAAAATGGAGATTGGGACTTT JELing CTCAACCGCAAGTCCTATGACACAGAATACCCAAAATGTAAGAATGGAGACTGGGATTTT JEVellorep20778 CTCAACCGCAAGTCCTATGACACAGAATACCCAAAATGCAAGAATGGAGACTGGGATTTT KunjinMRM61C CTAAACAGAAAGTCGTACGAGACAGAGTATCCAAAATGCAAGAACGATGATTGGGACTTT MVE TTGAACAGGAAGTCCTATGATACGGAATACCCGAAATGCAAAAATGGTGATTGGGACTTT TBEVasilchenko CTGAACAGCAAAACCTTTGAGAAGGACTACACCAGGGTGAGAGATGAAAAGCCTGACTTT WN2741 TTGAACAGAAAGTCGTACGAGACGGAGTACCCAAAATGTAAGAACGATGATTGGGACTTT WNChin01 CTGAACAGAAAGTCGTATGAGACGGAGTACCCAAAGTGCAAGAACGATGATTGGGACTTT WNNY99eqhs TTGAACAGAAAGTCGTACGAGACGGAGTACCCAAAATGTAAGAACGATGATTGGGACTTT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 213
YF8582H CTGAACAGAAAAACCTTTGAGAAAGAATACCCCACGATAAAACAGAAGAAACCTGATTTC YFTrinidad79A78 CTGAACAGGAAAACCTTTGAGAGAGAATACCCCACGATAAAGCAGAAGAAACCTGACTTT Den1280par00 TTGAGCAGAAAAACCTTTGACACTGAGTACCAGAAAACAAGAAACAATGACTGGGACTAT Den1293arg00 TTGAGCAGAAAAACCTTTGACACTGAGTACCAGAAAACAAGAAACAATGACTGGGACTAT Den1S27590 TTGAGCAGGAAAACCTTTGATACAGAGTACCAAAAAACAAAAAACAACGACTGGGACTAT Den2JamaicaN1409 CTCAGTAGGAAGACTTTTGACTCTGAGTATGTTAAGACTAGAGCCAATGATTGGGACTTT Den2NewGuineaC CTCAGTAGGAAGACCTTTGATTCTGAGTATGTCAAGACTAGAACCAATGATTGGGACTTC Den2TSV01 CTCAGCAGGAAGACCTTTGATTCTGAATATATCAAGACTAGGACCAATGATTGGGACTTT Den3802ChinaGuangxi CTCAGCAGGAAGACCTTTGACACAGAATATCAAAAGACCAAACTGAATGATTGGGACTTT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTTAGTAGGAAGACTTTTGACACAGAATATCAGAAAACTAAACTGAATGATTGGGACTTC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTTAGTAGGAAGACTTTTGACACAGAATATCAGAAGACTAAACTGAATGATTGGGACTTT Den4 TTGAGTAGGAAAACCTTTGATACAGAGTATCCAAAAACGAAACTCACGGACTGGGACTTT Den4814669 TTGAGTAGGAAAACCTTTGATACAGAGTATCCAAAAACGAAACTCACGGACTGGGACTTT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TTGAGTAGAAAAACCTTTGACACAGAGTATCCAAAAACGAAACTCACAGACTGGGATTTT
[1261 1320] CFA GTGATCTCCACCGACATCTCAGAAATGGGGGCGAATTTGGGCGTCGATCTGGTTATAGAC JEBeijing1 GTCATCACCACCGACATCTCTGAAATGGGGGCCAACTTCGGTGCGAGCAGGGTCATCGAC JEJa0ArS982 GTCATTACCACCGACATCTCTGAAATGGGGGCCAACTTCGGTGCGAGCAGGGTCATCGAC JEK94P05 GTTATCACCACTGACATCTCTGAGATGGGGGCCAATTTTGGTGCGAGCAGGGTCATTGAC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JELing GTCATCACCACCGACATCTCTGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTCGGTGCGAGCAGGGTCATCGAC JEVellorep20778 GTCATTACCACCGACATCTCTGAAATGGGGGCCAACTTCGGTGCGAGCAGGGTCATCGAC KunjinMRM61C GTCGTCACAACAGATATATCTGAGATGGGAGCAAACTTTAAGGCAAGCAGGGTGATTGAC เมื่อMVE 09/10/2564 GTGATAACAACTGACATCTCGGAAATGGGAGCAAATTTTGGGGCAAGCAGAGTGATTGAT 02:27:14 TBEVasilchenko GTGGTGACGACCGACATATCTGAAATGGGGGCCAACCTTGATGTGAGCCGTGTCATAGAT WN2741 GTTATCACAACAGACATATCTGAAATGGGGGCTAACTTCAAGGCGAGCAGGGTGATTGAC WNChin01 GTTATCACAACAGACATATCTGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTTAAGGCGAGCAGGGTGATTGAC WNNY99eqhs GTTATCACAACAGACATATCTGAAATGGGGGCTAACTTCAAGGCGAGCAGGGTGATTGAC YF8582H ATCTTGGCCACTGACATAGCTGAGATGGGAGCCAACCTTTGCGTGGACAGAGTGCTGGAC YFTrinidad79A78 ATATTGGCCACTGACATAGCTGAAATGGGAGCCAACCTTTGCGTGGAGCGAGTGCTGGAT Den1280par00 GTCGTCACAACAGACATTTCCGAAATGGGGGCAAATTTCCGGGCCGACAGGGTAATAGAC Den1293arg00 GTCGTCACAACAGACATTTCCGAAATGGGGGCAAATTTCCGGGCCGACAGGGTAATAGAC Den1S27590 GTCGTCACAACAGATATCTCCGAAATGGGAGCAAACTTCCGAGCCGACAGGGTGATAGAC Den2JamaicaN1409 GTGGTCACAACTGACATTTCAGAAATGGGTGCCAACTTCAAGGCTGAGAGGGTTATAGAC Den2NewGuineaC GTGGTCACAACTGACATTTCAGAAATGGGTGCCAACTTCAAGGCTGAGAGGGTTATAGAC Den2TSV01 GTGGTCACGACAGACATTTCAGAAATGGGTGCTAACTTCAAGGCTGAGAGGGTTATAGAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi GTGGTGACAACAGACATTTCAGAAATGGGAGCCAATTTCAAAGCAGATAGAGTGATCGAC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTGGTGACAACTGACATTTCAGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTCAAAGCAGATAGAGTGATCGAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTGGTGACAACTGACATTTCAGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTCAAAGCAGATAGAGTGATCGAC Den4 GTGGTCACTACAGACATATCTGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTTAGAGCCGGGAGAGTGATAGAC Den4814669 GTGGTCACTACAGACATATCTGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTTAGAGCCGGGAGAGTGATAGAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTGGTTACCACAGACATATCAGAAATGGGGGCCAATTTTAGAGCTGGGAGAGTGATAGAC
[1321 1380] CFA ACTCGAAGGGCTTTGCGACCCCTTGTG------GATTCTGCCACGCGTGTGAAGCTGGTT JEBeijing1 TGTAGGAAGAGCGTGAAGCCCACCATCTTAGAAGAGGGAGAGGGCAGAGTCATCCTCGGA JEJa0ArS982 TGTAGAAAGAGCGTGAAACCCACCATCTTAGAAGAGGGAGAAGGCAGAGTCATCCTCGGA JEK94P05 TGCAGAAAGAGTGTGAAACCCACCATCCTAGAGGAGGGAGAAGGTAGAGTCTTTCTTGGA JELing TGTAGGAAGAGCGTGAAGCCCACCATCTTAGAAGAGGGAGAGGGCAGAGTCATCCTCGGA JEVellorep20778 TGCAGAAAGAGCGTGAAGCCCACCATCTTAGAAGAGGGAGAAGGCAGAGTCATTCTCGGA KunjinMRM61C AGCCGGAAGAGTGTGAAACCGACTATCATCACGGAAGGAGAGGGAAGAGTAATCTTGGGG MVE TGTCGCAAGAGTGTCAAGCCAACGATCTTGGACGAAGGAGAGGGAAGAGTCATTCTCAGT TBEVasilchenko GGGCGAACAAACATCAAGCCG------GAAGAGGTTGACGGGAGAGTTGAGCTCACC WN2741 AGCCGGAAGAGTGTGAAACCAACCATCATAACAGAAGGAGAAGCGAGAGTGATCCTGGGA WNChin01 AGCCGGAAGAGTGTGAAACCAACCATCATCACAGAAGGAGAAGGGAGGGTGATCCTGGGA WNNY99eqhs AGCCGGAAGAGTGTGAAACCAACCATCATAACAGAAGGAGAAGGGAGAGTGATCCTGGGA YF8582H TGCAGGACGGCTTTTAAGCCTGTACTTGTGGATGAAGGAAGG---AAGGTGGCAATAAAG YFTrinidad79A78 TGCAGGACGGCTTTTAAGCCTGTGCTTGTGGATGAAGGGAGG---AAGGTGGCAATAAAA Den1280par00 CCAAGGCGGTGCTTGAAACCAGTGATACTAAAAGATGGTCCAGAGCGTGTCATTCTAGCC Den1293arg00 CCAAGGCGGTGCTTGAAACCAGTGATACTAAAAGATGGTCCAGAGCGTGTCATTCTAGCC Den1S27590 CCAAGACGGTGTCTGAAACCGGTAATACTAAAAGATGGTCCAGAGCGCGTCATTCTAGCC Den2JamaicaN1409 CCCAGACGTTGCATGAAACCAGTTATATTAACAGATGGCGAAGAGCGGGTGATCTTGGCA Den2NewGuineaC CCCAGACGCTGCATGAAACCAGTTATACTAACAGATGGTGAAGAGCGGGTGATCCTGGCA Den2TSV01 CCCAGACGCTGCATGAAACCAGTCATACTAACTGACGGTGAAGAGCGGGTGATCTTGGCA Den3802ChinaGuangxi CCAAGAAGATGTCTCAAGCCGGTGATTTTGACAGATGGACCCGAGCGGGTGATCCTGGCT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CCAAGAAGATGTCTCAAACCAGTGATCCTGACAGATGGACCAGAGCGGGTGATCCTGGCT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CCAAGAAGATGTCTCAAACCAGTGATCTTGACAGATGGACCAGAGCGGGTGATCCTGGCC Den4 CCTAGAAGATGCCTCAAGCCAGTTATCCTACCAGATGGGCCAGAGAGAGTCATTTTAGCA Den4814669 CCTAGAAGATGCCTCAAGCCAGTTATCCTAACAGATGGGCCAGAGAGAGTCATTTTAGCA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CCCAGGAGATGTCTCAAGCCAGTTATTTTAACTGACGGGCCAGAGAGAGTTATTTTGGCA
[1381 1440] CFA GAAACGAAC---ATAACCACATCATCCATGATCCAGAGGAGAGGGAGGACGGGTAGA--- Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 214
JEBeijing1 AACCCATCTCCCATAACCAGTGCAAGCGCAGCTCAACGGAGGGGCAGAGTAGGCAGAAAC JEJa0ArS982 AACCCATCTCCCATAACCAGTGCAAGCGCAGCTCAACGGAGGGGCAGAGTAGGCAGAAAC JEK94P05 AACCCATCCCCCATAACCAGTGCAAGTGCAGCCCAACGGAGAGGTAGAGTGGGCAGAAAC JELing AACCCATCTCCCATAACCAGTGCAAGCGCAGCTCAACGGAGGGGCAGAGTAGGCAGAAAC JEVellorep20778 AACCCATCTCCCATAACCAGTGCAAGCGCGGCTCAACGGAGGGGCAGAGTAGGCAGAAAC KunjinMRM61C GAACCATCCGCTGTGACGGCAGCCAGTGCAGCCCAGAGACGAGGACGCACTGGTAGGAAT MVE GTGCCGTCAGCCATCACTAGTGCCAGTGCTGCCCAACGGAGAGGTAGAGTGGGCAGGAAT TBEVasilchenko GGGACCAGGCGTGTGACCACGGCCTCCGCAGCGCAACGCCGTGGGAGAGTCGGCAGACAT WN2741 GAACCATCTGCAGTGACAGCAGCTAGTGCCGCCCAGAGACGTGGACGTATCGGTAGAAAT WNChin01 GAACCATCCGCTGTGACAGCAGCTAGTGCAGCCCAAAGACGTGGACGCATCGGTAGGAAT WNNY99eqhs GAACCATCTGCAGTGACAGCAGCTAGTGCCGCCCAGAGACGTGGACGTATCGGTAGAAAT YF8582H GGGCCACTCCGCATCTCTGCATCTTCTGCTGCCCAAAGAAGAGGACGCATTGGGAGAAAT YFTrinidad79A78 GGGCCACTTCGCATATCCGCATCCTCTGCTGCTCAAAGGAGGGGGCGCATTGGGAGAAAC Den1280par00 GGACCGATGCCAGTGACTGTGGCCAGTGCTGCCCAGAGAAGAGGAAGAATTGGAAGGAAC Den1293arg00 GGACCGATGCCAGTGACTGTGGCCAGTGCTGCCCAGAGAAGAGGAAGAATTGGAAGGAAC Den1S27590 GGACCGATGCCAGTGACTGTGGCCAGTGCTGCCCAGAGGAGAGGAAGAATTGGAAGGAAC Den2JamaicaN1409 GGACCTATGCCAGTGACCCACTCTAGTGCAGCGCAAAGAAGAGGGAGAATAGGAAGAAAT Den2NewGuineaC GGACCTATGCCAGTGACCCACTCTAGTGCAGCACAAAGAAGAGGGAGAATAGGAAGAAAT Den2TSV01 GGACCCATGCCAGTGACCCACTCTAGTGCAGCACAAAGAAGAGGGAGAGTAGGAAGAAAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi GGACCAATGCCAGTCACCGTAGCGAGCGCTGCGCAAAGGAGAGGGAGAGTTGGCAGGAAC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GGACCAATGCCAGTCACCGCGGCGAGTGCTGCGCAAAGGAGAGGGAGAGTTGGCAGGAAC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GGACCAATGCCAGTCACCGCGGCGAGTGCTGCGCAAAGGAGAGGGAGAGTTGGCAGGAAC Den4 GGTCCTATTCCAGTGACTCCAGCAAGCGCTGCTCAGAGAAGAGGGCGAATAGGAAGGAAC เมื่อDen4814669 09/10/2564 GGTCCTATTCCAGTGACTCCAGCAAGCGCTGCTCAGAGAAGAGGGCGAATAGGAAGGAAC 02:27:14 Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GGTCCCATTCCAGTGACTCCAGCAAGCGCTGCTCAGAGAAGAGGGCGAATAGGTAGGAAC
[1441 1500] CFA ------CGGGAACCAGGAACGTATGTGTATCCTATTGATAGCCAAACGGAGGAAAATCCA JEBeijing1 CCCAACCAAGTTGGAGATGAATACCATTAT------GGGGGGGCTACTAGTGAAGATGAC JEJa0ArS982 CCCAACCAAGTTGGAGATGAATATCACTAT------GGGGGGGCTACCAGTGAAGATGAC JEK94P05 CCCAACCAAGTTGGAGATGAATATCACTAT------GGGGGGGCTACCAGTGAAGATGAC JELing CCCAACCAAGTTGGAGATGAATACCATTAT------GGGGGGGCTACTAGTGAAGATGAC JEVellorep20778 CCCAACCAAGTTGGAGATGAATACCACTAC------GGGGGGGCTACTAGTGAAGACGAC KunjinMRM61C CCATCACAAGCTGGAGATGAGTACTGCTAT------GGAGGGCACACGAATGAGGATGAC MVE CCAAGTCAAATAGGAGATGAGTACCACTAT------GGAGGCGGAACCAGTGAGGATGAC TBEVasilchenko GAAGGACGAACA---GATGAATACATATAC------TCTGGACAGTGTGATGATGATGAC WN2741 CCGTCGCAAGTTGGTGATGAGTACTGTTAT------GGGGGGCACACGAATGAAGACGAC WNChin01 CCATCGCAAGTTGGTGATGAGTACTGCTAC------GGGGGGCACACGAATGAAGACGAC WNNY99eqhs CCGTCGCAAGTTGGTGATGAGTACTGTTAT------GGGGGGCACACGAATGAAGACGAC YF8582H CCCAATAGAGATGGAGATTCATACTACTAT------TCTGAGCCCACAAGTGAGGATAAT YFTrinidad79A78 CCCAACAGAGATGGAGACTCATACTACTAT------TCTGAGCCTACAAGTGAAGATAAT Den1280par00 CAAAACAAGGAAGGTGATCAGTACGTTTAT------ATGGGACAGCCTTTAAATAATGAT Den1293arg00 CAAAACAAGGAAGGTGATCAGTACGTTTAT------ATGGGACAGCCTTTAAATAATGAT Den1S27590 CAAAACAAAGAAGGTGATCAGTACGTTTAC------ATGGGACAGCCTTTAAATAATGAT Den2JamaicaN1409 CCAAAAAATGAAAATGACCAGTACATATAC------ATGGGGGAACCTCTGGAAAATGAT Den2NewGuineaC CCAAAAAATGAAAATGACCAGTACATATAC------ATGGGGGAACCTCTGGAAAATGAT Den2TSV01 CCAAAAAATGAAAATGACCAGTACATATAC------ATGGGGGAACCTCTGGAAAATGAT Den3802ChinaGuangxi CCACAAAAAGAAAATGACCAGTACATATTC------ATGGGCCAGCCTCTCAACAAAGAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CCACAAAAAGAAAATGACCAGTACATATTC------ACGGGCCAGCCTCTCAACAATGAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CCACAAAAAGAGAATGACCAGTACATATTC------ACGGGCCAGCCTCTCAACAATGAT Den4 CCAGCACAAGAAGACGACCAATACGTTTTC------TCCGGAGACCCACTAAAAAATGAT Den4814669 CCAGCACAAGAAGACGACCAATACGTTTTC------TCCGGAGACCCACTAAAAAATGAT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CCTACACAAGAAGATGACCAATATGTCTTC------TCCGGAGACCCACTAAAAAATGAC
[1501 1560] CFA GTGTCATGGGTGTGTTGGCCTGAAGCCCAAATGATCCTGGACCAGCTCGGCATGACT--- JEBeijing1 AGTAACCTAGCCCATTGGACAGAGGCAAAGATCATGTTAGACAACATACATATGCCCAAT JEJa0ArS982 AGTAACCTAGCCCATTGGACAGAGGCAAAGATCATGTTAGACAACATACACATGCCCAAT JEK94P05 AGTAACCTAGCCCATTGGACAGAGGCAAAGATCATGTTAGACAACATACATATGCCTAAT JELing AGTAATCTAGCCCATTGGACAGAGGCAAAGATCATGTTAGACAACATACACATGCCCAAT JEVellorep20778 AGTAACCTAGCCCATTGGACAGAGGCAAAGATCATGTTAGACAACATACACATGCCCAAT KunjinMRM61C TCGAACTGTGCTCACTGGACTGAGGCACGAATCATGCTCGATAACATCAACATGCCAAAC MVE ACCATGCTGGCGCACTGGACTGAAGCAAAAATTCTTTTGGACAACATCCACCTCCCAAAT TBEVasilchenko AGTGGACTCGTGCAGTGGAAGGAGGCGCAGATACTCCTCGATAACATAACAACTTTACGA WN2741 TCGAACTTCGCCCATTGGACTGAGGCACGAATCATGCTGGACAACATCAACATGCCAAAC WNChin01 TCGAACTTCGCCCATTGGACTGAGGCACGAATCATGCTGGACAACATCAACATGCCAAAC WNNY99eqhs TCGAACTTCGCCCATTGGACTGAGGCACGAATCATGCTGGACAACATCAACATGCCAAAC YF8582H GCCCACCACGTCTGCTGGCTGGAGGCCTCAATGCTCCTGGACAACATGGAGGTGAGGGGT YFTrinidad79A78 GCCCACCACGTTTGCTGGTTGGAGGCCTCAATGCTCTTGGACAACATGGAGGTGAGAGGT Den1280par00 GAGGATCACGCTCATTGGACAGAAGCAAAAATGCTCCTTGACAATATAAACACACCAGAA Den1293arg00 GAGGATCACGCTCATTGGACAGAAGCAAAAATGCTCCTTGACAATATAAACACACCAGAA Den1S27590 GAGGATCACGCTCATTGGACAGAAGCAAAAATGCTCCTTGACAATATAAACACACCAGAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GAAGACTGTGCACATTGGAAAGAAGCTAAAATGCTCCTAGATAACATCAACACACCTGAA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 215
Den2NewGuineaC GAAGACTGTGCACACTGGAAAGAAGCTAAAATGCTCCTAGATAACATCAACACACCTGAA Den2TSV01 GAAGACTGTGCACACTGGAAAGAAGCTAAGATGCTTCTAGATAACATCAACACGCCTGAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GAAGACCATGCTCACTGGACAGAAGCAAAAATGCTGCTGGACAACATCAACACACCAGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAGACCATGCTCACTGGACAGAAGCAAAAATGCTGCTGGACAACATTAATACACCAGAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAGACCATGCTCACTGGACAGAAGCAAAAATGCTGCTGGACAACATCAACACACCAGAA Den4 GAAGATCATGCCCACTGGACAGAAGCAAAGATGCTGCTTGACAATATCTACACCCCAGAA Den4814669 GAAGATCATGCCCACTGGACAGAAGCAAAGATGCTGCTTGACAATATCTACACCCCAGAA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GAAGATCATGCCCACTGGACAGAAGCAAAGATGCTGCTTGATAATATCTACACCCCAGAA
[1561 1620] CFA ------TTTATGCTAGAGGAAGCTGCATACAGCCAGCCTCCGGGGAGA JEBeijing1 GGACTGGTGGCCCAGCTTTATGGACCAGAGAGGGGAAAAGCTTTTACAATGGATGGCGAG JEJa0ArS982 GGACTGGTGGCCCAGCTCTATGGACCAGAGAGGGAAAAGGCTTTTACAATGGATGGTGAA JEK94P05 GGATTAGTGGTTCAGCTGTACGGGCCAGAGAGGGAAAAGGCTTTCACAATGGATGGAGAG JELing GGACTGGTGGCCCAGCTTTATGGACCAGAGAGGGAAAAGGCTTTTACAATGGATGGCGAG JEVellorep20778 GGACTGGTGGCCCAACTTTATGGACCAGAGAGGGAAAAGGCTTTCACAATGGACGGCGAA KunjinMRM61C GGATTGATTGCTCAATTCTACCAACCAGAGCGCGAGAAGGTATACACCATGGACGGGGAA MVE GGCCTAGTAGCTCAGCTGTACGGTCCCGAAAGAGATAAAACTTACACCATGGATGGAGAG TBEVasilchenko GGACCAGTGGCCACCTTCTACGGACCAGAACAGGACAAGATGCCAGAGGTGGCAGGCCAC WN2741 GGACTGATCGCTCAATTCTACCAACCAGAGCGTGAGAAGGTATATACCATGGATGGGGAA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3WNChin01 GGACTGATCGCTCAATTCTACCAACCAGAGCGTGAAAAGGTATATACCATGGATGGAGAA WNNY99eqhs GGACTGATCGCTCAATTCTACCAACCAGAGCGTGAGAAGGTATATACCATGGATGGGGAA YF8582H GGAATGGTCGCCCCACTCTATGGCATTGAAGGGACAAAAACACCAGTTTCCCCTGGTGAA เมื่อYFTrinidad79A78 09/10/2564 GGAATGGTCGCCCCACTCTATGGCGTTGAAGGAATTAAAACACCAGTTTCCCCTGGTGAG 02:27:14 Den1280par00 GGGATCATTCCAGCCCTCTTTGAGCCAGAGAGAGAAAAGAGTGCAGCAATAGATGGGGAG Den1293arg00 GGGATCATTCCAGCCCTCTTTGAGCCAGAGAGAGAAAAGAGTGCAGCAATAGATGGGGAG Den1S27590 GGGATCATCCCAGCCCTCTTTGAGCCAGAGAGAGAAAAGAGTGCAGCAATAGACGGGGAG Den2JamaicaN1409 GGAATCATTCCTAGTATGTTCGAACCAGAGCGTGAAAAGGTGGATGCCATTGATGGTGAA Den2NewGuineaC GGAATCATTCCTAGCATGTTCGAACCAGAGCGTGAAAAGGTGGATGCCATTGATGGTGAA Den2TSV01 GGAATCATTCCCAGCATGTTCGAACCAGAGCGTGAAAAGGTGGATGCCATTGATGGTGAA Den3802ChinaGuangxi GGGATTATACCAGCTCTCTTTGAACCAGAAAGGGAGAAGTCAGCCGCCATAGACGGCGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GGGATCATACCAGCTCTCTTTGAGCCAGAAAGGGAGAAGTCAGCCGCCATAGACGGTGAG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GGGATTATACCAGCTCTCTTTGAACCAGAAAGGGAGAAGTCAGCCGCCATAGACGGTGAG Den4 GGGATCATTCCAACATTGTTTGGTCCGGAAAGGGAAAAAACCCAAGCCATTGATGGAGAG Den4814669 GGGATCATTCCAACATTGTTTGGTCCGGAAAGGGAAAAAACCCAAGCCATTGATGGAGAG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GGGATCATTCCAACATTGTTTGGTCCGGAAAGAGAAAAAAGTCAAGCCATTGATGGAGAG
[1621 1680] CFA TTCACCCTAGTGGGAGAGGATAGAATGCGATTTTTAAAGCTTATGGACCGGGATGACATT JEBeijing1 TACCGCCTCAGAGGTGAAGAAAAGAAAAACTTCTTAGAGCTGCTTAGGACGGCTGACCTT JEJa0ArS982 TACCGTCTCAGAGGTGAAGAAAAGAAAAACTTCTTGGAGCTGCTTAGGACGGCTGACCTC JEK94P05 TACCGTCTCAGAGGTGAGGAGAAGAAGAACTTCTTGGAGCTGCTTAGAACGGCTGACCTC JELing TACCGTCTCAGAGGTGAAGAAAAGAAAAACTTCTTGGAGCTGCTTAGGACGGCTGACCTC JEVellorep20778 TACCGTCTCAGAGGTGAAGAAAAGAAAAACTTCTTAGAGCTGCTTAGGACGGCTGACCTT KunjinMRM61C TACCGACTTAGAGGAGAGGAGAGGAAAAACTTCCTGGAATTGTTGAGAACTGCAGACTTG MVE TACCGACTCAGAGGCGAAGAACGCAAGACATTCCTCGAGCTCATAAAAACAGCCGATTTG TBEVasilchenko TTCCGACTTACCGAGGAGAAGAGAAAGCACTTTCGACACCTTCTCACTCATTGCGACTTC WN2741 TACCGGCTCAGAGGAGAAGAGAGAAAAAACTTTCTGGAACTGTTGAGGACTGCAGATCTG WNChin01 TACCGACTCAGAGGAGAGGAGAGGAAAAACTTTCTGGAACTATTGAGGACTGCAGATCTG WNNY99eqhs TACCGGCTCAGAGGAGAAGAGAGAAAAAACTTTCTGGAACTGTTGAGGACTGCAGATCTG YF8582H ATGAGACTGAGAGATGACCAGAGGAGAGTCTCCAGAGAATTGGTGAGGAACTGTGATCTG YFTrinidad79A78 ATGAGACTGAGGGATGACCAGAGGAAAGTCTTCAGAGAACTAGTGAGGAATTGTGACCTG Den1280par00 TACAGACTGCGGGGAGAAGCAAGGAAAACGTTCGTGGAGCTCATGAGAAGAGGAGATCTA Den1293arg00 TACAGACTGCGGGGAGAAGCAAGGAAAACGTTCGTGGAGCTCATGAGAAGAGGAGATCTA Den1S27590 TACAGACTGCGGGGAGAAGCAAGAAAAACGTTTGTGGAGCTCATGAGAAGAGGAGATCTA Den2JamaicaN1409 TACCGTTTGAGAGGAGAAGCAAGGAAAACCTTTGTGGACCTAATGAGAAGAGGGGACTTG Den2NewGuineaC TACCGCTTGAGAGGAGAAGCAAGGAAAACCTTTGTGGACCTAATGAGAAGAGGAGACCTA Den2TSV01 TACCGCTTGAGAGGAGAAGCGAGGAAAACTTTTGTGGACCTAATGAGAAGAGGAGACCTA Den3802ChinaGuangxi TACCGCCTGAAGGGTGAGTCCAGGAAGACTTTCGTGGAACTCATGAGGAGGGGTGACCTC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TATCGCTTGAAAGGTGAGTCCAGGAAGACTTTCGTGGAACTCATGAGGAGGGGTGACCTT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TATCGCCTGAAGGGTGAGTCCAGGAAGACTTTCGTGGAACTCATGAGGAGGGGTGACCTT Den4 TTTCGCCTCAGAGGGGAACAAAGGAAGACTTTTGTGGAATTAATGAGGAGAGGAGACCTT Den4814669 TTTCGCCTCAGAGGGGAACAAAGGAAGACTTTTGTGGAATTAATGAGGAGAGGAGACCTT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TTCCGCCTCAGAGGGGAACAAAGGAAGACTTTTGTAGAATTAATGAGGAGAGGAGACCTC
[1681 1740] CFA CCCATTTGGCTGGCGTGG------CACTGG JEBeijing1 CCGGTGTGGCTGGCCTACAAGGTGGCGTCCAACGGCATTCAGTACACCGACAGAAGGTGG JEJa0ArS982 CCGGTGTGGCTGGCCTACAAGGTGGCGTCCAATGGCATTCAGTACACCGACAGAAGGTGG JEK94P05 CCAGTATGGCTAGCCTACAAGGTAGCGTCCAATGGCATTCAGTACACTGACAGAAAATGG JELing CCGGTGTGGCTGGCCTACAAGGTGGCGTCCAACGGCATTCAGTACACCGACAGAAGGTGG JEVellorep20778 CCGGTGTGGCTAGCCTACAAGGTGGCGTCCAACGGCATTCAGTACACCGACAGAAAGTGG KunjinMRM61C CCAGTATGGCTAGCTTATAAGGTGGCAGCAGCTGGGGTGTCATATCATGACCGGAGGTGG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 216
MVE CCGGTGTGGCTTGCTTACAAGGTAGCGTCAAATGGCATCCAGTACAATGACAGGAAATGG TBEVasilchenko ACACCGTGGTTGGCATGGCATGTTGCGGCGAATGTGTCCAGTGTGACAAGCCGAAACTGG WN2741 CCAGTTTGGCTGGCTTACAAGGTTGCAGCGGCTGGAGTGTCATACCACGACCGGAGGTGG WNChin01 CCAGTCTGGCTGGCTTACAAGGTGGCAGCGGCTGGAGTGTCATACCACGATCGGAGGTGG WNNY99eqhs CCAGTTTGGCTGGCTTACAAGGTTGCAGCGGCTGGAGTGCCATACCACGACCGGAGGTGG YF8582H CCTGTCTGGCTGTCCTGGCAAGTGGCCAAGGCTGGTTTGAAGACGAATGACCGGAAATGG YFTrinidad79A78 CCCGTTTGGCTCTCGTGGCAAGTGGCCAAGGCTGGTTTGAAGACGAATGATCGTAAGTGG Den1280par00 CCAGTTTGGCTATCCTACAAAGTTGCCTCAGAAGGTTTCCAGTACTCCGACAGAAGGTGG Den1293arg00 CCAGTTTGGCTATCCTACAAAGTTGCCTCAGAAGGTTTCCAGTACTCCGACAGAAGGTGG Den1S27590 CCTGTCTGGCTATCCTACAAAGTTGCCTCAGAAGGCTTCCAGTACTCTGACAGAAGATGG Den2JamaicaN1409 CCAGTCTGGTTGGCCTACAGAGTGGCAGCTGAAGGCATCAACTACGCAGACAGAAGGTGG Den2NewGuineaC CCAGTCTGGTTGGCCTACAGAGTGGCAGCTGAAGGCATCAACTACGCAGACAGAAGGTGG Den2TSV01 CCAGTCTGGCTAGCCTACAGAGTGGCTGCTGAAGGTATCAACTACGCAGACAGAAGATGG Den3802ChinaGuangxi CCAGTTTGGCTAGCCCATAAAGTAGCATCAGAAGGGATCAAATATACAGATAGAAAATGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CCAGTCTGGTTAGCCCATAAAGTAGCATCAGAAGGGATCAAATATACAGATAGAAAATGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CCAGTTTGGTTAGCCCATAAAGTAGCATCAGAAGGAATCAAATACACAGATAGAAAATGG Den4 CCGGTGTGGCTGAGCTATAAGGTAGCTTCTGCTGGCATTTCTTACAAAGATCGGGAATGG Den4814669 CCGGTGTGGCTGAGCTATAAGGTAGCTTCTGCTGGCATTTCTTACAAAGATCGGGAATGG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CCGGTGTGGCTGAGCTATAAGGTAGCTTCTGCTGGTATCTCTTACAAAGACCGGGAATGG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3[1741 1800] CFA GCAGAAGCTGGAGACCGACGGCACTCAGCCCTGTTTCAGGGCGCAGGAACCGGAAAGATC JEBeijing1 TGTTTTGATGGGCCGCGCACGAATGCCATACTGGAGGACAACACCGAG---GTAGAGATA เมื่อJEJa0ArS982 09/10/2564 TGTTTTGATGGGCCGCGCACGAATGCCATACTGGAGGACAACACCGAG---GTAGAGATA 02:27:14 JEK94P05 TGCTTTGATGGACCACGCACAAATGCCATACTAGAAGATAACACTGAG---GTGGAGATA JELing TGTTTTGATGGGCCGCGCACGAATGCCATACTGGAGGACAACACCGAG---GTAGAGATA JEVellorep20778 TGTTTTGATGGGCCGCGCACGAATGCCATACTGGAGGACAACACCGAG---GTAGAGATA KunjinMRM61C TGTTTTGATGGCCCTAGGACAAATACAATCCTTGAAGACAACAATGAA---GTGGAAGTC MVE TGTTTTGATGGACCCCGATCCAACATTATCCTCGAAGACAACAACGAA---GTGGAAATC TBEVasilchenko ACATGGGAAGGCCCAGAGGAAAATGCAGTGGATGAGGCCAATGGAGATCTGGTCACCTTC WN2741 TGCTTTGATGGTCCTAGGACAAACACAATTTTAGAAGACAACAACGAA---GTGGAAGTC WNChin01 TGCTTTGATGGCCCTAGGACAAACACAATTCTAGAAGACAACAACGAA---GTGGAAGTC WNNY99eqhs TGCTTTGATGGTCCTAGGACAAACACAATTTTAGAAGACAACAACGAA---GTGGAAGTC YF8582H TGTTTCGATGGCCCTAAGGAACATGAAATTTTGAACGATAGTGGTGAAACAGTGAAGTGC YFTrinidad79A78 TGTTTTGAAGGCCCTGAGGAACATGAGATCTTGAATGACAGCGGTGAAACGGTGAAGTGC Den1280par00 TGCTTTGACGGGGAAAGGAACAACCAGGTGTTGGAGGAGAACATGGAC---GTGGAGATC Den1293arg00 TGCTTTGACGGGGAAAGGAACAACCAGGTGTTGGAGGAGAACATGGAC---GTGGAGATC Den1S27590 TGCTTTGACGGGGAAAGGAACAACCAGGTGTTGGAGGAGAACATGGAC---GTGGAGATG Den2JamaicaN1409 TGTTTTGATGGAATTAAGAACAACCAAATACTGGAAGAAAACGTGGAA---GTGGAAATC Den2NewGuineaC TGTTTTGATGGAATTAAGAACAACCAAATCTTGGAAGAAAATGTGGAG---GTGGAAATC Den2TSV01 TGCTTTGATGGAGTCAAGAACAACCAAATCTTGGAAGAAAATGTGGAA---GTGGAAATT Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGCTTTGATGGAGAACGTAATAATCAAATTTTAGAGGAGAATATGGAT---GTGGAAATC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGCTTTGATGGACAACGTAATAATCAAATTTTAGAGGAGAACATGGAT---GTGGAAATC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGCTTTGATGGGCAACGCAATAATCAAATTTTAGAGGAGAACATGGAT---GTGGAAATT Den4 TGCTTCACAGGGGAAAGAAATAACCAAATTTTAGAAGAAAACATGGAG---GTTGAAATT Den4814669 TGCTTCACAGGGGAAAGAAATAACCAAATTTTAGAAGAAAACATGGAG---GTTGAAATT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TGCTTCACAGGGGAAAGGAATAACCAAATTCTAGAAGAAAACATGGAG---GTTGAAATT
[1801 1860] CFA ATCGAAAACCGATTTGGCAAACAAGAGTATCGACCACAATACGTTGATGACCGCTTTGAG JEBeijing1 GTCACCCGGATGGGTGAGAGGAAAATCCTCAAGCCGAGATGGCTTGATGCAAGAGTTTAT JEJa0ArS982 GTCACCCGGATGGGTGAGAGGAAAATCCTCAAGCCGAGATGGCTTGATGCAAGAGTTTAT JEK94P05 GTCACCCGAATGGGTGAGAGAAAGATCCTCAAGCCGAGATGGCTCGATGCGAGGGTTTAT JELing GTCACCCGGATGGGTGAGAGGAAAATCCTCAAGCCGAGATGGCTTGATGCAAGAGTTTAT JEVellorep20778 GTCACCCGGATGGGTGAAAGGAAAATCCTCAAGCCGAGATGGCTTGATGCAAGAGTTTAT KunjinMRM61C ATCACAAAGCTTGGTGAAAGGAAGATTCTGAGGCCACGCTGGATTGATGCAAGGGTGTAC MVE ATAACAAGAATAGGAGAAAGAAAAGTTTTGAAGCCACGATGGTTAGATGCACGCGTGTAT TBEVasilchenko AGGAGCCCGAATGGAGCTGAAAGAACGTTGAGGCCGGTGTGGAGAGATGCGCGTATGTTC WN2741 ATCACGAAGCTTGGTGAAAGGAAGATTCTGAGGCCGCGCTGGATTGACGCCAGGGTGTAC WNChin01 ATCACGAAGCTTGGTGAAAGGAAGATTCTGAGGCCGCGCTGGATTGACGCCAGGGTGTAC WNNY99eqhs ATCACGAAGCTTGGTGAAAGGAAGATTCTGAGGCCGCGCTGGATTGACGCCAGGGTGTAC YF8582H AGGGCTCCTGGAGGAGCGAAGAGGCCTCTGCGCCCAAGGTGGTGTGATGAAAGGGTGTCA YFTrinidad79A78 AGGGCTCCTGGGGGAGCAAAGAAACCTCTGCGCCCAAGGTGGTGTGATGAAAGGGTGTCA Den1280par00 TGGACAAAGGAAGGAGAAAGGAAGAAATTGCGACCCCGCTGGTTGGATGCCAGAACATAC Den1293arg00 TGGACAAAGGAAGGAGAAAGGAAGAAATTGCGACCCCGCTGGTTGGATGCCAGAACATAC Den1S27590 TGGACAAAAGAAGGAGAACGAAAGAAACTACGACCCCGCTGGCTGGATGCCAGAACATAC Den2JamaicaN1409 TGGACAAAAGAAGGGGAAAGGAAGAAATTAAAACCCAGATGGTTGGATGCTAGGATCTAT Den2NewGuineaC TGGACAAAAGAAGGGGAAAGGAAGAAATTAAAACCCAGATGGTTGGATGCCAGGATCTAC Den2TSV01 TGGACAAAAGAAGGAGAAAGGAAGAAATTAAAACCCAGATGGTTGGATGCCAGGATCTAC Den3802ChinaGuangxi TGGACAAAGGAAGGAGAAAAGAAAAAACTGAGACCTAGGTGGCTCGATGCCCGCACTTAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGGACAAAGGAAGGAGAAAAGAAAAAATTGAGACCTAGGTGGCTTGATGCCCGCACTTAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGGACAAAGGAAGGAGAAAAGAAAAAATTGAGACCTAGGTGGCTTGATGCCCGCACTTAT Den4 TGGACTAGAGAGGGAGAAAAGAAAAAGCTAAGGCCAAGATGGTTAGATGCACGTGTATAC Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 217
Den4814669 TGGACTAGAGAGGGAGAAAAGAAAAAGCTAAGGCCAAGATGGTTAGATGCACGTGTATAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TGGACTAGAGAGGGAGAGAAGAAAAAACTCAGGCCAAAATGGTTAGATGCGCGTGTTTAC
[1861 1914] CFA AGCATTGAGTGGGAGACGCGAAAGGTGTCCATTGATTTCTACATGAACTGCCGC JEBeijing1 GCA---GATCACCAAGCCCTCAAGTGGTTCAAAGACTTTGCAGCAGGGAAGAGA JEJa0ArS982 GCA---GATCACCAAGCCCTCAAGTGGTTCAAAGACTTTGCAGCAGGGAAGAGA JEK94P05 GCA---GACCACCAGGCCCTCAAGTGGTTTAAGGATTTTGCAGCGGGCAAGAGA JELing GCA---GATCACCAAGCCCTCAAGTGGTTCAAAGACTTTGCAGCAGGGAAGAGA JEVellorep20778 GCA---GATCACCAAGCCCTCAAGTGGTTCAAAGACTTTGCAGCAGGGAAGAGA KunjinMRM61C TCA---GACCATCAGGCGCTGAAATCATTCAAGGACTTCGCCTCAGGGAAGCGC MVE TCA---GACCACCAGTCCTTAAAATGGTTCAAGGACTTTGCAGCTGGGAAGCGG TBEVasilchenko AGA---GAAGGACGTGACATCAGAGAATTTGTGGCGTACGCTTCAGGGCGGCGC WN2741 TCG---GATCACCAGGCACTAAAGGCGTTCAAGGACTTCGCCTCGGGAAAACGT WNChin01 TCG---GACCATCAGGCATTGAAGGCGTTCAAGGACTTTGCCTCGGGAAAGCGT WNNY99eqhs TCG---GATCACCAGGCACTAAAGGCGTTCAAGGACTTCGCCTCGGGAAAACGT YF8582H TCT---GATCAGAGTGCGCTTGCTGACTTCATAAAGTTCGCTGAAGGTAGAA-- YFTrinidad79A78 TCT---GACCAGAGTGCGCTGTCTGAATTTATTAAGTTTGCTGAAGGTAGGA-- Den1280par00 TCT---GATCCACTGGCCCTTCGTGAGTTTAAAGAGTTTGCAGCAGGAAGAAGA Den1293arg00 TCT---GATCCACTGGCCCTTCGTGAGTTTAAAGAGTTTGCAGCAGGAAGAAGA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den1S27590 TCA---GACCCACTGGCCCTGCGCGAGTTTAAAGAGTTTGCAGCAGGAAGAAGA Den2JamaicaN1409 TCT---GACCCACTGGCACTAAAAGAATTCAAGGAATTTGCAGCTGGAAGAAAG Den2NewGuineaC TCT---GACCCACTGACGCTAAAGGAATTCAAGGAGTTTGCAGCTGGAAGAAAG เมื่อDen2TSV01 09/10/2564 TCT---GACCCACTGGCGCTCAAAGAATTCAAGGAATTCGCAGCTGGAAGAAAG 02:27:14 Den3802ChinaGuangxi TCA---GATCCTTTAGCACTCAAGGAATTCAAGGATTTTGCAGCTGGCAGAAAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TCA---GATCCCTTAGCACTCAAGGAATTCAAGGACTTTGCGGCTGGCAGAAAG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TCA---GATCCATTGGCACTCAAGGAATTCAAGGACTTTGCGGCTGGCAGAAAG Den4 GCT---GACCCCATGGCTTTGAAGGATTTCAAGGAGTTTGCCAGTGGAAGGAAG Den4814669 GCT---GACCCCATGGCTTTGAAGGATTTCAAGGAGTTTGCCAGTGGAAGGAAG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GCT---GACCCCATGGCTTTGAAGGATTTCAAGGAGTTTGCCAGTGGAAGAAAG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 218
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX J Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 219
APPENDIX J AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF NS-3 GENE OF MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES
[1 60] CFA SDDLLGLGGPVETDLQTSFQDIPNGVYRIVVRSLF-GDRQRGAGFSKNGVFHTLMHVTRG JEBeijing1 GGVFWDTPSPKPC-SKG--D-TTTGVYRIMARGIL-GTYQAGVGVMYENVFHTLWHTTRG JEJa0ArS982 GGVFWDTPSPKPC-SKG--D-TTTGVYRIMARGIL-GTYQAGVGVMYENVFHTLWHTTRG JEK94P05 GGVFWDTPSPKPC-LKG--D-TTTGVYRIMARGIL-GTYQAGVGVMYENVFHTLWHTTRG JELing GGVFWDTPSPKPC-SKG--D-TTTGVYRIMARGIL-GTYQAGVGVMYENVFHTLWHTTRG JEVellorep20778 GGVFWDTPSPKPC-SKG--D-TTTGVYRIMARGIL-GTYQAGVGVMYENVFHTLWHTTRG KunjinMRM61C GGVLWDTPSPKEY-KRG--D-TTTGVYRIMTRGLL-GSYQAGAGVMVEGVFHTLWHTTKG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3MVE GGVFWDTPSPKVY-PKG--D-TTPGVYRIMARGIL-GRYQAGVGVMHEGVFHTLWHTTRG TBEVasilchenko SDLVFSGQGGRERGDKP--FEVRDGVYRIFSPGLLWGQRQVGVGYGFKGVLHTMWHVTRG WN2741 GGVLWDTPSPKEY-KKG--D-TTTGVYRIMTRGLL-GSYQAGAGVMVEGVFHTLWHTTKG เมื่อWNChin01 09/10/2564 GGVLWDTPSPKEY-KKG--D-TTTGVYRIMTRGLL-GSYQAGAGVMVEGVFHTLWHTTKG 02:27:14 WNNY99eqhs GGVLWDTPSPKEY-KKG--D-TTTGVYRIMTRGLL-GSYQAGAGVMVEGVFHTLWHTTKG YF8582H GDVLWDIPTPKII-EEC--EHLEDGIYGIFQSTFL-GASQRGVGVAQGGVFHTMWHVTRG YFTrinidad79A78 GDVLWDIPTPKII-EEC--EHLEDGIYGIFQSTFL-GASQRGVGVAQGGVFHTMWHVTRG Den1280par00 SGVLWDTPSPPEV-ERA--V-LDDGIYRILQRGLL-GRSQVGVGVFQDGVFHTMWHVTRG Den1293arg00 SGVLWDTPSPPEV-ERA--V-LDDGIYRILQRGLL-GKSQVGVGVFQDGVFHTMWHVTRG Den1S27590 SGVLWDTPSPPEV-ERA--V-LDDGIYRIMQRGLL-GRSQVGVGVFQDGVFHTMWHVTRG Den2JamaicaN1409 AGVLWDVPSPPPV-GKA--E-LEDGAYRIKQRGIL-GYSQIGAGVYKEGTFHTMWHVTRG Den2NewGuineaC AGVLWDVPSPPPV-GKA--E-LEDGAYRIKQKGIL-GYSQIGAGVYKEGTFHTMWHVTRG Den2TSV01 AGVLWDVPSPPPV-GKA--E-LEDGAYRIKQKGIL-GYSQIGAGVYKEGTFHTMWHVTRG Den3802ChinaGuangxi SGVLWDVPSPPET-QKA--E-LEEGVYRIKQQGIF-GKTQVGVGVQKEGVFHTMWHVTRG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 SGVLWDVPSPPET-QKA--E-LEEGVYRIKQQGIF-GKTQVGVGVQKEGVFHTMWHVTRG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 SGVLWDVPSPPET-QKA--E-LEEGVYRIKQQGIF-GKTQVGVGVQKEGVFHTMWHVTRG Den4 SGALWDVPSPAAT-KKA--A-LSEGVYRIMQRGLF-GKTQVGVGIHMEGVFHTMWHVTRG Den4814669 SGALWDVPSPAAT-KKA--A-LSEGVYRIMQRGLF-GKTQVGVGIHMEGVFHTMWHVTRG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 SGALWDVPSPAAA-QKA--T-LTEGVYRIMQRGLF-GKTQVGVGIHMEGVFHTMWHVTRG
[ 61 120] CFA EPVKWRGRVVVPHSGSALRDVVSYGGPWQLDTP-TTTEDLVLMACKPDKTIEYHRYRPGV JEBeijing1 AAIMSGEGKLTPYWGSVKEDRIAYGGPWRFDRKWNGTDDVQVIVVEPGKAAVNIQTKPGV JEJa0ArS982 AAIMSGEGKLTPYWGSVKEDRIAYGGPWRFDRKWNGTDDVQVIVVEPGKAAVNIQTKPGV JEK94P05 AAIMSGEGKLTPYWGSVKEDRISYGGPWRFDRKWNGTDDVQVIVVEPGKPAVNIQTKPGI JELing AAIMSGEGKLTPYWGSVKEDRIAYGGPWRFDRKWNGTDDVQVIVVEPGKAAVSIQTKPGV JEVellorep20778 AAIMSGEGKLTPYWGSVKEDRIAYGGPWRFDRKWNGTDDVQVIVVEPGKAAVNIQTKPGV KunjinMRM61C AALMSGEGRLDPYWGSVKEDRLCYGGPWKLQHKWNGQDEVQMIVVEPGKNVKNVQTKPGV MVE AAIMSGEGRLTPYWGNVKEDRVTYGGPWKLDQKWNGVDDVQMIVVEPGKPAINVQTKPGI TBEVasilchenko AALSINDAVAGPYWADVKEDVVCYGGAWSLEEKWKG-ETVQVHAFPPGRAHEVHQCQPGE WN2741 AALMSGEGRLDPYWGSVKEDRLCYGGPWKLQHKWNGQDEVQMIVVEPGKNVKNVQTKPGV WNChin01 AALMSGEGRLDPYWGSVKEDRLCYGGPWKLQCKWNGQDEVQMIVVEPGKNVKNVQTKPGV WNNY99eqhs AALMSGEGRLDPYWGSVKEDRLCYGGPWKLQHKWNGQDEVQMIVVEPGKNVKNVQTKPGV YF8582H AFLVRNGKKLIPSWASVKEDLVAYGGSWKLEGRWDGEEEVQLIAAVPGKNVVNVQTKPSL YFTrinidad79A78 AFLVWNGKKLIPSWASVKEDLVAYGGSWKLEGRWDGEEEVQLIAAAPGKNVVNVQTKPSL Den1280par00 AVLMYQGKRLEPSWASVKKDLISYGGGWRFQGSWNTGEEVQVIAVEPGKNPKNVQTTPGT Den1293arg00 AVLMYQGKRLEPSWASVKKDLISYGGGWRFQGSWNTGEEVQVIAVEPGKNPKNVQTTPGT Den1S27590 AVLMYQGKRLEPSWASVKKDLISYGGGWRFQGSWNTGEEVQVIAVEPGKNPKNVQTAPGT Den2JamaicaN1409 AVLMHKGKRIEPSWADVKKDLISYGGGWKLEGEWKEGEEVQVLALEPGKNPRAVQTKPGL Den2NewGuineaC AVLMHKGKRIEPSWADVKKDLISYGGGWKLEGEWKEGEEVQVLALEPGKNPRAVQTKPGL Den2TSV01 AVLMHKGKRIEPSWADVKKDLISYGGGWKLEGEWKEGEEVQVLALEPGKNPRAVQTKPGL Den3802ChinaGuangxi AVLTHNGKRLEPNWASVKKDLISYGGGWRLSAQWQKGEEVQVIAVEPGKNPKNFQTMPGI Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AVLTYNGKRLEPNWASVKKDLISYGGGWRLSAQWQKGEEVQVIAVEPGKNPKNFQTMPGT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AVLTHNGKRLEPNWASVKKDLISYGGGWRLSAQWQKGEEVQVIAVEPGKNPKNFQTTPGT Den4 SVICHETGRLEPSWADVRNDMISYGGGWRLGDKWDKEEDVQVLAIEPGKNPKHVQTKPGL Den4814669 SVICHETGRLEPSWADVRNDMISYGGGWRLGDKWDKEEDVQVLAIEPGKNPKHVQTKPGL Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 SVICHETGRLEPSWADVRNDMISYGGGWRLGDKWDKEEDVQVLAIEPGKNPKHVQTKPGL
[121 180] CFA MSID-GEPVMFISDDFGKGSSGSPFF-INGEPVGFYGFGFYV-NGIYRSTVAGGKPTD-- JEBeijing1 FRTPFG-EVGAVSLDYPRGTSGSPILDFNGDIIGLYGNGVELGDGSYVSAIVQGDRQEEP JEJa0ArS982 FRTPFG-EVGAVSLDYPRGTSGSPILDSNGDIIGLYGNGVELGDGSYVSAIVQGDRQEEP JEK94P05 FPPPFG-EVGAVSLDYPRGTSGSPILNSNGDVVGCLGNGVELGDGSYVSAIVQGDRQEEP Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 220
JELing FRTPFG-EVGAVSLDYPRGTSGSPILDFNGDIIGLYGNGVELGDGSYVSAIVQGDRQEEP JEVellorep20778 FRTPLG-EVGAVSLDYPRGTSGSPILDSNGDIIGLYGNGVELGDGSYVSAIVQGDRQEEP KunjinMRM61C FKTPEG-EIGAVTLDFPTGTSGSPIVDKNGDVIGLYGNGVIMPNGSYISAIVQGERMDEP MVE FKTAHG-EIGAVSLDYPIGTSGSPIVNSNGEIIGLYGNGVILGNGAYVSAIVQGERVEEP TBEVasilchenko LLLDTGRRMGAVPIDLAKGTSGSPILNAQGAVVGLYGNGL-KTNETYVSSIAQGEVEKSR WN2741 FKTPEG-EIGAVTLDFPTGTSGSPIVDKNGDVIGLYGNGVIMPNGSYISAIVQGERMDEP WNChin01 FKTPEG-EIGAVTLDFPTGTSGSPIVDKNGDVIGLYGNGVIMPNGSYISAIVQGERMDEP WNNY99eqhs FKTPEG-EIGAVTLDFPTGTSGSPIVDKNGDVIGLYGNGVIMPNGSYISAIVQGERMDEP YF8582H FKVRNGGEIGAVALDYPSGTSGSPIVNRNGEVIGLYGNGILVGDNSFVSAISQTEVKEEG YFTrinidad79A78 FKVRNGGEIGAVALDYPSGTSGSPIVNRNGEVIGLYGNGILVGDNSFVSAISQTEVKEEG Den1280par00 FKTPEG-EVGAIALDFKPGTSGSPIVNREGKIVGLYGNGVVTTSGTYVSAIAQAKTSQEG Den1293arg00 FKTPEG-EVGAIALDFKPGTSGSPIVNREGKIVGLYGNGVVTTSGTYVSAIAQAKTSQEG Den1S27590 FKTPEG-EVGAIALDFKPGTSGSPIVNREGKIVGLYGNGVVTTSGTYVSAIAQAKASQEG Den2JamaicaN1409 FKTNTG-TIGAVSLDFSPGTSGSPIVDRKGKVVGLYGNGVVTRSGAYVSAIAQTEKSIED Den2NewGuineaC FKTNAG-TIGAVSLDFSPGTSGSPIIDKKGKVVGLYGNGVVTRSGAYVSAIAQTEKSIED Den2TSV01 FKTNTG-TIGAVSLDFSPGTSGSPIVDKKGKVVGLYGNGVVTRSGAYVSAIAQTEKSIED Den3802ChinaGuangxi FQTTTG-EIGAIALDFKPGTSGSPIINREGKVVGLYGNGVVTKNGGYVSGIAQTNAEPDG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 FQTTTG-EIGAIALDFKPGTSGSPIINREGKVVGLYGNGVVTKNGGYVSGIAQTNAEPDG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 FQTTTG-EIGAIALDFKPGTSGSPIINREGKVVGLYGNGVVTKNGGYVSGIAQTNAEPDG Den4 FKTLTG-EIGAVTLDFKPGTSGSPIINRKGKVIGLYGNGVVTKSGDYVSAITQAERIGE- 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4814669 FKTLTG-EIGAVTLDFKPGTSGSPIINRKGKVIGLYGNGVVTKSGDYVSAITQAERIGE- Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 FKTLTG-EIGAVTLDFKPGTSGSPIINRKGKVIGLYGNGVVTKSGDYVSAITQAERTGE- เมื่อ 09/10/2564[181 02:27:14 240] CFA VTESLNCDSTRRF------VTWHPGKGKTRKVIVEETKKNYDSNQRTVILTPTRVVMAE JEBeijing1 VPEAYT-PTM--LRKRQMTVLDLHPGSGKTRKILPQIIKDAIQQRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE JEJa0ArS982 VPEAYT-PNM--LRKRQMTVLDLHPGSGKTRKILPQIIKDAIQQRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE JEK94P05 VPDAYT-PSM--LKKKQMTVLDLPPGSGKTRKILPQIIKDAIQQRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE JELing VPEAYT-PTM--LRKRQMTVLDLHPGSGKTRKILPQIIKDAIQQRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE JEVellorep20778 VPEAYT-PNM--LKKRQMTVLDLHPGSGKTRKILPQIIKDAIQQRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE KunjinMRM61C VPAGFE-PEM--LRKKQITVLDLHPGAGKTRRILPQIIKEAINRRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE MVE VPEAYN-PEM--LKKRQLTVLDLHPGAGKTRRILPQIIKDAIQKRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE TBEVasilchenko PNLPQAVVGMGWTAKGQITVLDMHPGSGKTHRVLPELIRQCIDRRLRTLVLAPTRVVLKE WN2741 IPAGFE-PEM--LRKKQITVLDLHPGAGKTRRILPQIIKEAINRRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE WNChin01 IPAGFE-PEM--LRKKQITVLDLHPGAGKTRRILPQIIKEAINRRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE WNNY99eqhs IPAGFE-PEM--LRKKQITVLDLHPGAGKTRRILPQIIKEAINRRLRTAVLAPTRVVAAE YF8582H KEELQEIPTM--LKKGMTTILDYHPGAGKTRRFLPQILAECARRRLRTLVLAPTRVVLSE YFTrinidad79A78 KEELQEIPTM--LKKGKTTILDFHPGAGKTRRFLPQILAECARRRLRTLVLAPTRVVLSE Den1280par00 PLPEIE-EEV--FKKRNLTIMDLHPGSGKTRRYLPAIVREAIKRKLRTLILAPTRVVASE Den1293arg00 PLPEIE-EEV--FKKRNLTIMDLHPGSGKTRRYLPAIVREAIKRKLRTLILAPTRVVASE Den1S27590 PLPEIE-DEV--FRKRNLTIMDLHPGSGKTRRYLPAIVREAIRRNVRTLILAPTRVVASE Den2JamaicaN1409 N-PEIE-DDI--FRKKRLTIMDLHPGAGKTKRYLPAIVREAIKRGLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den2NewGuineaC N-PEIE-DDI--FRKRKLTIMDLHPGAGKTKRYLPAIVREAIKRGLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den2TSV01 N-PEIE-DDI--FRKKRLTIMDLHPGAGKTKRYLPAIVREAIKRGLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den3802ChinaGuangxi PTPELE-EEM--FKKRNLTIMDLHPGSGKTRKYLPAIVREAIKRRLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den3IMTSSAMART1243 PTPELE-EEM--FKKRNLTIMDLHPGSGKTRKYLPAIVREAIKRRLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den3IMTSSASRI1266 PTPELE-EEM--FKKRNLTIMDLHPGSGKTRKYLPAIVREAIKRRLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den4 PDYEVD-EDI--FRKKRLTIMDLHPGAGKTKRILPSIVREALKRRLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den4814669 PDYEVD-EDI--FRKKRLTIMDLHPGAGKTKRILPSIVREALKRRLRTLILAPTRVVAAE Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 PDYEVD-EDI--FRKKRLTIMDLHPGAGKTKRILPSIVREALKRRLRTLILAPTRVVAAE
[241 300] CFA VVEALNNSGMR---SDKNLSYCTRNLITVACHATFTKFVLSHGAKKVRVAMIIMDECHFM JEBeijing1 MAEALRGLPVRYQTSAVQREHQGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPN-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT JEJa0ArS982 MAEALRGLPVRYQTSAVQREHQGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPN-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT JEK94P05 MAEALRGLPVRYQTSAVQREHQGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPN-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT JELing MAEALRGLPVRYQTSAVQREHQGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPN-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT JEVellorep20778 MAEALRGLPVRYQTSAVQREHQGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPN-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT KunjinMRM61C MAEALRGLPIRYQTSAVAREHNGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPH-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT MVE MAEALRGLPVRYLTPAVQREHSGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPL-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT TBEVasilchenko MERALNGKRVRFHSPAVSDQQMGGAIVDVMCHATYVNRRLLPQ-GRQNWEVAIMDEAHWT WN2741 MAEALRGLPIRYQTSAVPREHNGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPH-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT WNChin01 MAEALRGLPIRYQTSAVTREHNGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPH-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT WNNY99eqhs MAEALRGLPIRYQTSAVPREHNGNEIVDVMCHATLTHRLMSPH-RVPNYNLFVMDEAHFT YF8582H MKEAFHGLDVKFHTQAFSAHGSGREVIDAMCHATLTYRMLEPT-RIVNWEVIIMDEAHFL YFTrinidad79A78 MKEAFHGLDVKFHTQAFSAHGSGREVIDVMCHATLTYRMLEPT-RIVNWEVIIMDEAHFL Den1280par00 MAEALKGMPIRYQTTAVKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNMIIMDEAHFT Den1293arg00 MAEALKGMPIRYQTTAVKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNMIIMDEAHFT Den1S27590 MAEALKGMPIRYQTTAVKSEHTGKEIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNMIIMDEAHFT Den2JamaicaN1409 MEEALRGLPIRYQTPAIRAEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNLIIMDEAHFT Den2NewGuineaC MEEALRGLPIRYQTPAIRAEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNLIIMDEAHFT Den2TSV01 MEEALRGLPIRYQTPAIRAEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPI-RVPNYNLIIMDEAHFT Den3802ChinaGuangxi MEEALKGLPIRYQTTATKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNLIIMDEAHFT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 221
Den3IMTSSAMART1243 MEEALKGLPIRYQTTATKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNLIIMDEAHFT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 MEEALKGLPIRYQTTATKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTMRLLSPV-RVPNYNLIIMDEAHFT Den4 MEEALRGLPIRYQTPAVKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTTRLLSST-RVPNYNLIVMDEAHFT Den4814669 MEEALRGLPIRYQTPAVKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTTRLLSST-RVPNYNLIVMDEAHFT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 MEEALRGLPIRYQTPAVKSEHTGREIVDLMCHATFTTRLLSST-RVPNYNLIVMDEAHFT
[301 360] CFA DPMSIAARG-ILEHLHGQGTKLIYLSATPPGHA---PDTGSNYAISDQSISFPTWLSP-A JEBeijing1 DPASIAARGYIATKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTTDPFPDSNAPIHDLQDEIPDRAWSSGYE JEJa0ArS982 DPASIAARGYIATKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTTDPFPDSNAPIHDLQDEIPDRAWSSGYE JEK94P05 DPASIAARGYIATKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTTDPFPDSNAPIHDLQDEIPDRAWSSGYE JELing DPASIAARGYIATKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTTDPFPDSNAPIHDLQDEIPDRAWSSGYE JEVellorep20778 DPASIAARGYIATKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTTDPFPDSNAPIHDLQDEIPDRAWSSGYE KunjinMRM61C DPASIAARGYISTRVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTSDPFPESNAPISDLQTEIPDRAWNSGYE MVE DPASIAARGYIATRVEAGEAAAIFMTATPPGTSDPFPDTNSPVHDVSSEIPDRAWSSGFE TBEVasilchenko DPHSIAARGHLYTLAKENKCALVLMTATPPGKSEPFPESNGAITSEEKQIPEGEWRDGFD WN2741 DPASIAARGYISTKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTSDPFPESNSPISDLQTEIPDRAWNSGYE WNChin01 DPASIAARGYISTKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTSDPFPESNSPISDLQTEIPDRAWNSGYE WNNY99eqhs DPASIAARGYISTKVELGEAAAIFMTATPPGTSDPFPESNSPISDLQTEIPDRAWNSGYE YF8582H DPASIAARGWAAHRARANESATILMTATPPGTSDEFPHSNGEIEDVQTDIPSEPWNTGHD 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YFTrinidad79A78 DPASIAARGWAAHRARANESATILMTATPPGTSDEFPHSNGEIEDVQTDIPSEPWNTGHD Den1280par00 DPASIAARGYISTRVGMGEAAAIFMTATPPGSVEAFPQSNAVIQDEERDIPERSWNSGYD Den1293arg00 DPASIAARGYISTRVGMGEAAAIFMTATPPGSVEAFPQSNAVIQDEERDIPERSWNSGYD เมื่อDen1S27590 09/10/2564 DPASIARRGYISTRVGMGEAAAIFMTATPPGSVEAFPQSNAVIQDEERDIPERSWNSGYE 02:27:14 Den2JamaicaN1409 DPASIAARGYISTRVEMGEAAGIFMTATPPGSRDPFPQSNAPIMDEEREIPERSWNSGHE Den2NewGuineaC DPASIAARGYISTRVEMGEAAGIFMTATPPGSRDPFPQSNAPIMDEEREIPERSWSSGHE Den2TSV01 DPASIAARGYISTRVEMGEAAGIFMTATPPGSRDPFPQSNAPIMDEEREIPERSWNSGHE Den3802ChinaGuangxi DPASIAARGYISTRVGMGEAAAIFMTATPPGTADAFPQSNAPIQDEERDIPERSWNSGNE Den3IMTSSAMART1243 DPASIAARGYISTRVGMGEAAAIFMTATPPGTADAFPQSNAPIQDEERDIPERSWNSGNE Den3IMTSSASRI1266 DPASIAARGYISTRVGMGEAAAIFMTATPPGTADAFPQSNAPIQDEERDIPERSWNSGNE Den4 DPSSVAARGYISTRVEMGEAAAIFMTATPPGATDPFPQSNSPIEDIEREIPERSWNTGFD Den4814669 DPSSVAARGYISTRVEMGEAAAIFMTATPPGATDPFPQSNSPIEDIEREIPERSWNTGFD Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 DPSSVAARGYISTRVEMGEAAAIFMTATPPGATDPFPQSNSPIEDIEREIPERSWNTGFD
[361 420] CFA WIGNVQKSVGAKKTILFVPSHNQANTLASAIPGS----VPLHRANFSSNYAQAGDAATAL JEBeijing1 WITEYAG-----KTVWFVASVKMGNEIAMCLQRAGKKVIQLNRKSYDTEYPKCKNGDWDF JEJa0ArS982 WITEYAG-----KTVWFVASVKMGNEIAMCLQRAGKKVIQLNRKSYDTEYPKCKNGDWDF JEK94P05 WITDYAG-----KTVWFVASVKMGNEIAMCLQRAGKKVIQLNRKSYDTEYPKCKNGDWDF JELing WITEYAG-----KTVWFVASVKMGNEIAMCLQRAGKKVIQLNRKSYDTEYPKCKNGDWDF JEVellorep20778 WITEYAG-----KTVWFVASVKMGNEIAMCLQRAGKKVIQLNRKSYDTEYPKCKNGDWDF KunjinMRM61C WITEYIG-----KTVWFVPSVKMGNEIALCLQRAGKKVIQLNRKSYETEYPKCKNDDWDF MVE WITDYAG-----KTVWFVASVKMSNEIAQCLQRAGKRVIQLNRKSYDTEYPKCKNGDWDF TBEVasilchenko WITEYEG-----RTAWFVPSIAKGGVIARTLRQKGKSVICLNSKTFEKDYTRVRDEKPDF WN2741 WITEYTG-----KTVWFVPSVKMGNEIALCLQRAGKKVVQLNRKSYETEYPKCKNDDWDF WNChin01 WITEYIG-----KTVWFVPSVKMGNEIALCLQRAGKKVVQLNRKSYETEYPKCKNDDWDF WNNY99eqhs WITEYTG-----KTVWFVPSVKMGNEIALCLQRAGKKVVQLNRKSYETEYPKCKNDDWDF YF8582H WILADKR-----PTAWFLPSIRAANVMAASLRKAGKSVVVLNRKTFEKEYPTIKQKKPDF YFTrinidad79A78 WILADKR-----PTAWFLPSIRAANVMAASLRKAGKSVVVLNRKTFEREYPTIKQKKPDF Den1280par00 WITDFPG-----KTVWFVPSIKSGNDIANCLRKNGKRVIQLSRKTFDTEYQKTRNNDWDY Den1293arg00 WITDFPG-----KTVWFVPSIKSGNDIANCLRKNGKRVIQLSRKTFDTEYQKTRNNDWDY Den1S27590 WITDFPG-----KTVWFVPSIKSGNDIANCLRKNGKRVIQLSRKTFDTEYQKTKNNDWDY Den2JamaicaN1409 WVTDFKG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIAACLRKNGKKVIQLSRKTFDSEYVKTRANDWDF Den2NewGuineaC WVTDFKG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIAACLRKNGKKVIQLSRKTFDSEYVKTRTNDWDF Den2TSV01 WVTDFKG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIAACLRKNGKKVIQLSRKTFDSEYIKTRTNDWDF Den3802ChinaGuangxi WITDFVG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIANCLRKNGKKVIQLSRKTFDTEYQKTKLNDWDF Den3IMTSSAMART1243 WITDFAG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIANCLRKNGKKVIQLSRKTFDTEYQKTKLNDWDF Den3IMTSSASRI1266 WITDFAG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIANCLRKNGKKVIQLSRKTFDTEYQKTKLNDWDF Den4 WITDYQG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIANCLRKSGKKVIQLSRKTFDTEYPKTKLTDWDF Den4814669 WITDYQG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIANCLRKSGKKVIQLSRKTFDTEYPKTKLTDWDF Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 WITDYQG-----KTVWFVPSIKAGNDIANCLRKSGKKVIQLSRKTFDTEYPKTKLTDWDF
[421 480] CFA VISTDISEMGANLGVDLVIDTRRALRPLV--DSATRVKLVETN-ITTSSMIQRRGRTGR- JEBeijing1 VITTDISEMGANFGASRVIDCRKSVKPTILEEGEGRVILGNPSPITSASAAQRRGRVGRN JEJa0ArS982 VITTDISEMGANFGASRVIDCRKSVKPTILEEGEGRVILGNPSPITSASAAQRRGRVGRN JEK94P05 VITTDISEMGANFGASRVIDCRKSVKPTILEEGEGRVFLGNPSPITSASAAQRRGRVGRN JELing VITTDISEMGANFGASRVIDCRKSVKPTILEEGEGRVILGNPSPITSASAAQRRGRVGRN JEVellorep20778 VITTDISEMGANFGASRVIDCRKSVKPTILEEGEGRVILGNPSPITSASAAQRRGRVGRN KunjinMRM61C VVTTDISEMGANFKASRVIDSRKSVKPTIITEGEGRVILGEPSAVTAASAAQRRGRTGRN MVE VITTDISEMGANFGASRVIDCRKSVKPTILDEGEGRVILSVPSAITSASAAQRRGRVGRN TBEVasilchenko VVTTDISEMGANLDVSRVIDGRTNIKP---EEVDGRVELTGTRRVTTASAAQRRGRVGRH WN2741 VITTDISEMGANFKASRVIDSRKSVKPTIITEGEARVILGEPSAVTAASAAQRRGRIGRN Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 222
WNChin01 VITTDISEMGANFKASRVIDSRKSVKPTIITEGEGRVILGEPSAVTAASAAQRRGRIGRN WNNY99eqhs VITTDISEMGANFKASRVIDSRKSVKPTIITEGEGRVILGEPSAVTAASAAQRRGRIGRN YF8582H ILATDIAEMGANLCVDRVLDCRTAFKPVLVDEGR-KVAIKGPLRISASSAAQRRGRIGRN YFTrinidad79A78 ILATDIAEMGANLCVERVLDCRTAFKPVLVDEGR-KVAIKGPLRISASSAAQRRGRIGRN Den1280par00 VVTTDISEMGANFRADRVIDPRRCLKPVILKDGPERVILAGPMPVTVASAAQRRGRIGRN Den1293arg00 VVTTDISEMGANFRADRVIDPRRCLKPVILKDGPERVILAGPMPVTVASAAQRRGRIGRN Den1S27590 VVTTDISEMGANFRADRVIDPRRCLKPVILKDGPERVILAGPMPVTVASAAQRRGRIGRN Den2JamaicaN1409 VVTTDISEMGANFKAERVIDPRRCMKPVILTDGEERVILAGPMPVTHSSAAQRRGRIGRN Den2NewGuineaC VVTTDISEMGANFKAERVIDPRRCMKPVILTDGEERVILAGPMPVTHSSAAQRRGRIGRN Den2TSV01 VVTTDISEMGANFKAERVIDPRRCMKPVILTDGEERVILAGPMPVTHSSAAQRRGRVGRN Den3802ChinaGuangxi VVTTDISEMGANFKADRVIDPRRCLKPVILTDGPERVILAGPMPVTVASAAQRRGRVGRN Den3IMTSSAMART1243 VVTTDISEMGANFKADRVIDPRRCLKPVILTDGPERVILAGPMPVTAASAAQRRGRVGRN Den3IMTSSASRI1266 VVTTDISEMGANFKADRVIDPRRCLKPVILTDGPERVILAGPMPVTAASAAQRRGRVGRN Den4 VVTTDISEMGANFRAGRVIDPRRCLKPVILPDGPERVILAGPIPVTPASAAQRRGRIGRN Den4814669 VVTTDISEMGANFRAGRVIDPRRCLKPVILTDGPERVILAGPIPVTPASAAQRRGRIGRN Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 VVTTDISEMGANFRAGRVIDPRRCLKPVILTDGPERVILAGPIPVTPASAAQRRGRIGRN
[481 540] CFA --REPGTYVYPIDSQTEENPVSWVCWPEAQMILDQLGMT------FMLEEAAYSQPPGR JEBeijing1 PNQVGDEYHY--GGATSEDDSNLAHWTEAKIMLDNIHMPNGLVAQLYGPERGKAFTMDGE 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEJa0ArS982 PNQVGDEYHY--GGATSEDDSNLAHWTEAKIMLDNIHMPNGLVAQLYGPEREKAFTMDGE JEK94P05 PNQVGDEYHY--GGATSEDDSNLAHWTEAKIMLDNIHMPNGLVVQLYGPEREKAFTMDGE JELing PNQVGDEYHY--GGATSEDDSNLAHWTEAKIMLDNIHMPNGLVAQLYGPEREKAFTMDGE เมื่อJEVellorep20778 09/10/2564 PNQVGDEYHY--GGATSEDDSNLAHWTEAKIMLDNIHMPNGLVAQLYGPEREKAFTMDGE 02:27:14 KunjinMRM61C PSQAGDEYCY--GGHTNEDDSNCAHWTEARIMLDNINMPNGLIAQFYQPEREKVYTMDGE MVE PSQIGDEYHY--GGGTSEDDTMLAHWTEAKILLDNIHLPNGLVAQLYGPERDKTYTMDGE TBEVasilchenko EGRT-DEYIY--SGQCDDDDSGLVQWKEAQILLDNITTLRGPVATFYGPEQDKMPEVAGH WN2741 PSQVGDEYCY--GGHTNEDDSNFAHWTEARIMLDNINMPNGLIAQFYQPEREKVYTMDGE WNChin01 PSQVGDEYCY--GGHTNEDDSNFAHWTEARIMLDNINMPNGLIAQFYQPEREKVYTMDGE WNNY99eqhs PSQVGDEYCY--GGHTNEDDSNFAHWTEARIMLDNINMPNGLIAQFYQPEREKVYTMDGE YF8582H PNRDGDSYYY--SEPTSEDNAHHVCWLEASMLLDNMEVRGGMVAPLYGIEGTKTPVSPGE YFTrinidad79A78 PNRDGDSYYY--SEPTSEDNAHHVCWLEASMLLDNMEVRGGMVAPLYGVEGIKTPVSPGE Den1280par00 QNKEGDQYVY--MGQPLNNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPALFEPEREKSAAIDGE Den1293arg00 QNKEGDQYVY--MGQPLNNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPALFEPEREKSAAIDGE Den1S27590 QNKEGDQYVY--MGQPLNNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPALFEPEREKSAAIDGE Den2JamaicaN1409 PKNENDQYIY--MGEPLENDEDCAHWKEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPSMFEPEREKVDAIDGE Den2NewGuineaC PKNENDQYIY--MGEPLENDEDCAHWKEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPSMFEPEREKVDAIDGE Den2TSV01 PKNENDQYIY--MGEPLENDEDCAHWKEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPSMFEPEREKVDAIDGE Den3802ChinaGuangxi PQKENDQYIF--MGQPLNKDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPALFEPEREKSAAIDGE Den3IMTSSAMART1243 PQKENDQYIF--TGQPLNNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPALFEPEREKSAAIDGE Den3IMTSSASRI1266 PQKENDQYIF--TGQPLNNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNINTPEGIIPALFEPEREKSAAIDGE Den4 PAQEDDQYVF--SGDPLKNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNIYTPEGIIPTLFGPEREKTQAIDGE Den4814669 PAQEDDQYVF--SGDPLKNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNIYTPEGIIPTLFGPEREKTQAIDGE Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 PTQEDDQYVF--SGDPLKNDEDHAHWTEAKMLLDNIYTPEGIIPTLFGPEREKSQAIDGE
[541 600] CFA FTLVGEDRMRFLKLMDRDDIPIWLAW------HWAEAGDRRHSALFQGAGTGKI JEBeijing1 YRLRGEEKKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVASNGIQYTDRRWCFDGPRTNAILEDNTE-VEI JEJa0ArS982 YRLRGEEKKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVASNGIQYTDRRWCFDGPRTNAILEDNTE-VEI JEK94P05 YRLRGEEKKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVASNGIQYTDRKWCFDGPRTNAILEDNTE-VEI JELing YRLRGEEKKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVASNGIQYTDRRWCFDGPRTNAILEDNTE-VEI JEVellorep20778 YRLRGEEKKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVASNGIQYTDRKWCFDGPRTNAILEDNTE-VEI KunjinMRM61C YRLRGEERKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVAAAGVSYHDRRWCFDGPRTNTILEDNNE-VEV MVE YRLRGEERKTFLELIKTADLPVWLAYKVASNGIQYNDRKWCFDGPRSNIILEDNNE-VEI TBEVasilchenko FRLTEEKRKHFRHLLTHCDFTPWLAWHVAANVSSVTSRNWTWEGPEENAVDEANGDLVTF WN2741 YRLRGEERKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVAAAGVSYHDRRWCFDGPRTNTILEDNNE-VEV WNChin01 YRLRGEERKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVAAAGVSYHDRRWCFDGPRTNTILEDNNE-VEV WNNY99eqhs YRLRGEERKNFLELLRTADLPVWLAYKVAAAGVPYHDRRWCFDGPRTNTILEDNNE-VEV YF8582H MRLRDDQRRVSRELVRNCDLPVWLSWQVAKAGLKTNDRKWCFDGPKEHEILNDSGETVKC YFTrinidad79A78 MRLRDDQRKVFRELVRNCDLPVWLSWQVAKAGLKTNDRKWCFEGPEEHEILNDSGETVKC Den1280par00 YRLRGEARKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLSYKVASEGFQYSDRRWCFDGERNNQVLEENMD-VEI Den1293arg00 YRLRGEARKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLSYKVASEGFQYSDRRWCFDGERNNQVLEENMD-VEI Den1S27590 YRLRGEARKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLSYKVASEGFQYSDRRWCFDGERNNQVLEENMD-VEM Den2JamaicaN1409 YRLRGEARKTFVDLMRRGDLPVWLAYRVAAEGINYADRRWCFDGIKNNQILEENVE-VEI Den2NewGuineaC YRLRGEARKTFVDLMRRGDLPVWLAYRVAAEGINYADRRWCFDGIKNNQILEENVE-VEI Den2TSV01 YRLRGEARKTFVDLMRRGDLPVWLAYRVAAEGINYADRRWCFDGVKNNQILEENVE-VEI Den3802ChinaGuangxi YRLKGESRKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLAHKVASEGIKYTDRKWCFDGERNNQILEENMD-VEI Den3IMTSSAMART1243 YRLKGESRKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLAHKVASEGIKYTDRKWCFDGQRNNQILEENMD-VEI Den3IMTSSASRI1266 YRLKGESRKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLAHKVASEGIKYTDRKWCFDGQRNNQILEENMD-VEI Den4 FRLRGEQRKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLSYKVASAGISYKDREWCFTGERNNQILEENME-VEI Den4814669 FRLRGEQRKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLSYKVASAGISYKDREWCFTGERNNQILEENME-VEI Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 FRLRGEQRKTFVELMRRGDLPVWLSYKVASAGISYKDREWCFTGERNNQILEENME-VEI Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 223
[601 638] CFA IENRFGKQEYRPQYVDDRFESIEWETRKVSIDFYMNCR JEBeijing1 VTRMGERKILKPRWLDARVYA-DHQALKWFKDFAAGKR JEJa0ArS982 VTRMGERKILKPRWLDARVYA-DHQALKWFKDFAAGKR JEK94P05 VTRMGERKILKPRWLDARVYA-DHQALKWFKDFAAGKR JELing VTRMGERKILKPRWLDARVYA-DHQALKWFKDFAAGKR JEVellorep20778 VTRMGERKILKPRWLDARVYA-DHQALKWFKDFAAGKR KunjinMRM61C ITKLGERKILRPRWIDARVYS-DHQALKSFKDFASGKR MVE ITRIGERKVLKPRWLDARVYS-DHQSLKWFKDFAAGKR TBEVasilchenko RSPNGAERTLRPVWRDARMFR-EGRDIREFVAYASGRR WN2741 ITKLGERKILRPRWIDARVYS-DHQALKAFKDFASGKR WNChin01 ITKLGERKILRPRWIDARVYS-DHQALKAFKDFASGKR WNNY99eqhs ITKLGERKILRPRWIDARVYS-DHQALKAFKDFASGKR YF8582H RAPGGAKRPLRPRWCDERVSS-DQSALADFIKFAEGRR YFTrinidad79A78 RAPGGAKKPLRPRWCDERVSS-DQSALSEFIKFAEGRR Den1280par00 WTKEGERKKLRPRWLDARTYS-DPLALREFKEFAAGRR Den1293arg00 WTKEGERKKLRPRWLDARTYS-DPLALREFKEFAAGRR Den1S27590 WTKEGERKKLRPRWLDARTYS-DPLALREFKEFAAGRR Den2JamaicaN1409 WTKEGERKKLKPRWLDARIYS-DPLALKEFKEFAAGRK Den2NewGuineaC WTKEGERKKLKPRWLDARIYS-DPLTLKEFKEFAAGRK 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den2TSV01 WTKEGERKKLKPRWLDARIYS-DPLALKEFKEFAAGRK Den3802ChinaGuangxi WTKEGEKKKLRPRWLDARTYS-DPLALKEFKDFAAGRK Den3IMTSSAMART1243 WTKEGEKKKLRPRWLDARTYS-DPLALKEFKDFAAGRK เมื่อDen3IMTSSASRI1266 09/10/2564 WTKEGEKKKLRPRWLDARTYS-DPLALKEFKDFAAGRK 02:27:14 Den4 WTREGEKKKLRPRWLDARVYA-DPMALKDFKEFASGRK Den4814669 WTREGEKKKLRPRWLDARVYA-DPMALKDFKEFASGRK Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 WTREGEKKKLRPKWLDARVYA-DPMALKDFKEFASGRK Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 224
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX K Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 225
APPENDIX K NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF E GENE OF MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES
[1 60] CFA GTAAAG---GGGGAGTTTGTTGAACCGTTATACACGCTGAAAGCGGAACAGATGACCATG JEBeijing1 TTCAACTGTCTGGGAATGGGCAATCGTGACTTCATAGAAGGAGCCAGTGGAGCCACTTGG JEJa0ArS982 TTTAATTGTCTGGGAATGGGCAATCGTGACTTCATAGAAGGAGCCAGTGGAGCCACTTGG JEK94P05 TTTAACTGTCTGGGAATGGGGAATCGGGATTTCATAGAAGGAGCCAGTGGAGCCACGTGG JELing TTCAACTGTCTGGGAATGGGCAATCGTGACTTCATAGAAGGAGCCAGTGGAGCCACTTGG JEVellorep20778 TTCAACTGTCTGGGAATGGGCAATCGTGACTTCGTAGAAGGAGCCAGCGGAGCCACCTGG KunjinMRM61C TTTAACTGTCTTGGAATGAGCAACAGAGATTTCCTGGAGGGAGTGTCCGGAGCAACATGG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3MVE TTTAACTGTCTGGGAATGAGCAGCCGTGATTTCATTGAAGGTGCTTCAGGAGCTACATGG TBEVasilchenko TCACGATGCACACATCTGGAGAACAGGGATTTTGTCACTGGCACTCAGGGAACTACGAGG WN2741 TTCAACTGCCTTGGAATGAGCAACAGAGACTTCTTGGAAGGAGTGTCTGGAGCAACATGG เมื่อWNChin01 09/10/2564 TTTAACTGCCTTGGAATGAGCAACAGAGACTTCTTAGAGGGAGTGTCTGGAGCAACATGG 02:27:14 WNNY99eqhs TTCAACTGCCTTGGAATGAGCAACAGAGACTTCTTGGAAGGAGTGTCTGGAGCAACATGG YF8582H GCTCACTGCATTGGAATCACTGACAGGGATTTCATTGAGGGGGTGCACGGAGGAACCTGG YFTrinidad79A788379 GCTCACTGCATTGGAGTTGCTGACAGGGATTTCATTGAGGGGGTGCATGGAGGAACTTGG Den1280par00 ATGCGATGTGTGGGAATAGGCAACAGGGACTTCGTTGAAGGACTGTCAGGAGCAACGTGG Den1293arg00 ATGCGATGTGTGGGAATAGGCAACAGGGACTTCGTTGAAGGACTGTCAGGAGCAACGTGG Den1S27590 ATGCGATGCGTGGGAATAGGCAGCAGGGACTTCGTGGAAGGACTATCAGGAGCAACTTGG Den2JamaicaN1409 ATGCGTTGCATAGGAATATCAAATAGAGACTTTGTAGAAGGGGTTTCAGGAGGAAGCTGG Den2NewGuineaC ATGCGTTGCATAGGAATATCAAATAGAGACTTTGTAGAAGGGGTTTCAGGAGGAAGCTGG Den2TSV01 ATGCGTTGTATAGGAATATCAAATAGGGACTTTGTGGAAGGGGTTTCAGGAGGAAGCTGG Den3802ChinaGuanxi ATGAGATGTGTGGGAGTAGGAAACAGAGATTTTGTGGAAGGCCTATCGGGAGCTACGTGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATGAGATGTGTGGGAGTAGGAAACAGAGATTTTGTGGAAGGTCTATCAGGAGCTACGTGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATGAGATGTGTGGGAGTAGGAAACAGAGATTTTGTGGAAGGGCTATCAGGAGCTACGTGG Den4 ATGCGATGCGTAGGAGTAGGAAACAGAGACTTTGTGGAAGGAGTCTCAGGTGGAGCATGG Den4814669 ATGCGATGCGTAGGAGTAGGAAACAGAGACTTTGTGGAAGGAGTCTCAGGTGGAGCATGG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATGCGATGCGTGGGAGTGGGGAACAGAGACTTTGTGGAAGGAGTCTCAGGTGGAGCATGG
[61 120] CFA CTACAGACCATCGTGAGACCGGAGGAAGGGTAC---GTCGTGGCCACGCCAAACGGTCTC JEBeijing1 GTGGACTTGGTGCTAGAAGGAGACAGCTGCTTGACAATCATGGCAAACGACAAACCAACA JEJa0ArS982 GTGGACTTGGTGCTAGAAGGAGATAGCTGCTTGACAATCATGGCAAACGACAAACCAACA JEK94P05 GTGGATCTGGTGTTAGAAGGAGATAGCTGTTTGACAATTATGGCAAACGACAAACCAACA JELing GTGGACTTGGTGCTAGAAGGAGATAGCTGCTTGACAATCATGGCGAACGACAAACCAACA JEVellorep20778 GTGGACTTGGTGTTAGAAGGAGACAGCTGCTTGACAATTATGGCAAACGACAAACCAACA KunjinMRM61C GTGGACTTGGTCCTTGAAGGTGACAGCTGTGTGACCATTATGTCCAAGGACAAGCCCACC MVE GTCGATTTGGTGCTGGAGGGCGACAGTTGCATCACCATCATGGCCGCTGACAAACCCACC TBEVasilchenko GTGACTCTGGTGTTGGAGCTGGGTGGATGTGTCACGATCACTGCTGAGGGGAAGCCCTCA WN2741 GTGGATTTGGTTCTCGAAGGCGACAGCTGCGTGACTATCATGTCTAAGGACAAGCCTACC WNChin01 GTGGATTTGGTTCTCGAAGGCGACAGCTGTGTGACCATCATGTCCAAGGACAAGCCCACC WNNY99eqhs GTGGATTTGGTTCTCGAAGGCGACAGCTGCGTGACTATCATGTCTAAGGACAAGCCTACC YF8582H GTTTCAGCCACCTTGGAGCAAGACAAGTGTGTCACTGTCATGGCCCCTGACAAGCCTTCA YFTrinidad79A788379 GTCTCAGCCACCCTGGAGCAAGACAAGTGTGTCACTGTTATGGCCCCTGACAAGCCTTCA Den1280par00 GTGGACGTGGTATTGGAGCATGGAAGCTGCGTCACCACCATGGCAAAAGATAAACCAACA Den1293arg00 GTGGACGTGGTATTGGAGCATGGAAGCTGCGTCACCACCATGGCAAAAGATAAACCAACA Den1S27590 GTAGACGTGGTACTGGAACATGGAAGTTGCGTCACCACCATGGCAAAAGACAAACCAACA Den2JamaicaN1409 GTTGACATAGTCTTAGAACATGGAAGTTGTGTGACGACGATGGCAAAAAATAAACCAACA Den2NewGuineaC GTTGACATAGTCTTAGAACATGGAAGCTGTGTGACGACGATGGCAAAAAACAAACCAACA Den2TSV01 GTTGACATAGTCTTGGAACATGGAAGCTGTGTGACGACGATGGCGAAAAATAAACCAACA Den3802ChinaGuanxi GTTGACGTGGTGCTCGAGCACGGTGGGTGTGTGACTACCATGGCTAAGAACAAGCCCACG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTTGACGTGGTGCTCGAGCACGGGGGGTGTGTGACTACCATGGCTAAGAACAAGCCAACG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTTGACGTGGTGCTCGAGCACGGGGGGTGTGTGACTACCATGGCTAAGAACAAGCCCACG Den4 GTCGACCTGGTGCTAGAACATGGAGGATGCGTCACAACCATGGCCCAGGGAAAACCAACC Den4814669 GTCGACCTGGTGCTAGAACATGGAGGATGCGTCACAACCATGGCCCAGGGAAAACCAACC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTCGATTTAGTGCTAGAACATGGAGGATGTGTCACAACCATGGCCCAGGGAAAACCAACC
[121 180] CFA CTCGAGTTTAAAACAGGACCGGCGGAGATCTACGGGGGGCAATGGCTGCGCGAGTTACTC JEBeijing1 TTGGACGTCCGCATGATCAACATCGAAGCTAGCCAACTTGCTGAGGTCAGAAGTTACTGC JEJa0ArS982 TTGGACGTCCGCATGATTAACATCGAAGCTAGCCAACTTGCTGAGGTCAGAAGTTACTGC JEK94P05 CTAGATGTCCGCATGATCAACATTGAAGCTAGCCAACTTGCTGAAGTCAGGAGTTACTGT Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 226
JELing TTGGACGTCCGCATGATCAACATCGAAGCTAGCCAACTTGCTGAGGTCAGAAGTTACTGC JEVellorep20778 TTGGACGTCCGCATGATCAACATCGAAGCTAGCCAACTTGCTGAGGTCAGAAGTTACTGC KunjinMRM61C ATCGATGTGAAGATGATGAACATGGAGGCCGCTAACTTAGCAGAAGTCCGCAGTTATTGC MVE CTTGACATAAGAATGATGAACATTGAAGCCACCAATCTTGCACTGGTTAGAAATTACTGC TBEVasilchenko ATGGACGTGTGGCTTGATTCCATCTATCAGGAGAACCCGGCCAAAACACGCGAGTACTGT WN2741 ATCGATGTGAAGATGATGAATATGGAGGCGGCCAACCTGGCAGAGGTCCGCAGTTATTGC WNChin01 ATCGATGTGAAGATGATGAATATGGAGGCTGCCAACCTGGCAGAAGTCCGCAGTTATTGC WNNY99eqhs ATCGATGTGAAGATGATGAATATGGAGGCGGCCAACCTGGCAGAGGTCCGCAGTTATTGC YF8582H CTGGACATCTCACTGGAGACAGTGGCCATTGATGGACCTGCTGAGGCAAGAAAAGTGTGT YFTrinidad79A788379 TTGGACATCTCACTAGAGACAGTAGCCATTGATGGACCTGTTGAGGCGAGGAAAGTGTGT Den1280par00 TTGGACATTGAACTCTTGAAGACGGAGGTCACAAACCCTGCCGTCTTGCGCAAACTGTGC Den1293arg00 TTGGACATTGAACTCTTGAAGACGGAGGTCACAAACCCTGCCGTCTTGCGCAAACTGTGC Den1S27590 TTGGACATTGAACTCCTGAAAACGGAGGTCACGAACCCTGCCGTCCTGCGCAAACTGTGC Den2JamaicaN1409 TTGGATTTTGAACTGATAAAAACAGAAGCCAAACAACCTGCCACTCTAAGGAAGTACTGT Den2NewGuineaC TTGGATTTTGAACTGATAAAAACAGAAGCCAAACAACCTGCCACTCTAAGGAAGTACTGT Den2TSV01 TTGGATTTTGAACTGGTAAAAACAGAAGCCAAACATCCCGCCACTCTAAGGAAGTATTGT Den3802ChinaGuanxi CTGGACATAGAGCTTCAGAAGACCGAGGCCACTCAACTGGCGACCCTAAGGAAGCTATGC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTGGATATAGAGCTTCAGAAGACCGAGGCCACCCAATTGGCGACCCTAAGGAAGCTATGC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTGGATATAGAGCTTCAGAAGACCGAGGCCACCCAACTGGCGACCCTAAGGAAGCTATGC Den4 TTGGATTTTGAACTGACTAAGACAACAGCCAAGGAAGTGGCTCTGTTAAGAACCTATTGC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4814669 TTGGATTTTGAACTGACTAAGACAACAGCCAAGGAAGTGGCTCTGTTAAGAACCTATTGC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TTGGATTTTGAACTGATCAAGACAACAGCCAAGGAAGTGGCTCTGTTAAGAACCTATTGC เมื่อ 09/10/2564[181 02:27:14 240] CFA GCAGATTGCCACGTCAACGCATCCTATTCGACTGACGTGTGTCCCGGTGGATCGCAGCTC JEBeijing1 TATCATGCTTCAGTCACTGACATCTCGACGGTGGCTCGGTGCCCCACGACTGGAGAAGCC JEJa0ArS982 TATCATGCTTCAGTCACTGACATCTCGACGGTGGCTCGGTGCCCCACGACTGGAGAAGCT JEK94P05 TATCACGCTTCAGTCACTGACATTTCAACGGTGGCTCGATGCCCCATGACTGGAGAAGCC JELing TATCATGCTTCAGTCACTGACATCTCGACGGTGGCTCGGTGCCCCACGACTGGAGAAGCC JEVellorep20778 TATCATGCTTCAGTCACTGACATCTCGACGGTGGCTCGGTGCCCCACGACTGGAGAAGCC KunjinMRM61C TACTTAGCCACTGTCAGTGAACTCTCCACCAAGGCTGCGTGCCCAACCATGGGGGAAGCC MVE TATGCAGCTACTGTGTCAGACGTTTCTACGGTGTCAAACTGTCCCACTACAGGGGAGTCA TBEVasilchenko CTGCATGCCAAGCTATCGGACACCAAGGTTGCGGCCAGATGCCCAACAATGGGACCCGCC WN2741 TATTTGGCTACCGTCAGCGATCTCTCCACCAAAGCTGCGTGCCCGACCATGGGAGAAGCT WNChin01 TATCTGGCTACCGTCAGCGATCTCTCCACCAAAGCTGCGTGCCCGACTATGGGAGAAGCT WNNY99eqhs TATTTGGCTACCGTCAGCGATCTCTCCACCAAAGCTGCGTGCCCGACCATGGGAGAAGCT YF8582H TACAATGCAGTCCTTACCCATGTGAAGATCAATGACAAGTGCCCTAGCACTGGTGAGGCC YFTrinidad79A788379 TACAATGCAGTTCTCACTCATGTGAAGATTGATGACAAGTGCCCCAGCACTGGAGAGGCC Den1280par00 ATTGAAGCTAAAATATCAAACACCACCACCGATTCAAGGTGTCCAACACAAGGAGAGGCC Den1293arg00 ATTGAAGCTAAAATATCAAACACCACCACCGATTCAAGGTGTCCAACACAAGGAGAGGCC Den1S27590 ATTGAAGCTAAAATATCAAACACCACCACCGATTCAAGATGTCCAACACAAGGAGAAGCT Den2JamaicaN1409 ATAGAAGCAAAGCTGACCAATACAACAACAGAATCTCGTTGCCCAACACAAGGGGAACCC Den2NewGuineaC ATAGAGGCAAAGCTGACCAACACAACAACAGATTCTCGCTGCCCAACACAAGGAGAACCC Den2TSV01 ATAGAAGCAAAGCTGACCAACACAACAACAGCATCTCGCTGCCCAACACAAGGAGAACCT Den3802ChinaGuanxi ATTGAGGGAAAAATTACCAACATAACAACCGACTCAAGATGTCCCACCCAAGGGGAAGCG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATTGAGGGGAAAATTACCAACATAACAACTGACTCAAGATGTCCTACCCAAGGGGAAGCG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATTGAGGGGAAAATTACCAACATAACAACTGACTCAAGATGTCCTACCCAAGGGGAAGCG Den4 ATTGAAGCCTCAATATCAAACATAACTACGGCAACAAGATGTCCAACGCAAGGAGAGCCT Den4814669 ATTGAAGCCTCAATATCAAACATAACTACGGCAACAAGATGTCCAACGCAAGGAGAGCCT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATTGAAGCCTCGATATCAAACATAACCACGGCAACAAGATGCCCAACGCAAGGAGAACCT
[241 300] CFA AACATGGCAGATATCATGGCCAAGGAACGAGTATGCTCGACCCAACCATACAACCGCGGT JEBeijing1 CACAACGAGAAGCGAGCTGATAGTAGCTATGTGTGCAAACAAGGCTTCACTGATCGTGGG JEJa0ArS982 CACAACGAGAAGCGAGCTGATAGTAGCTATGTGTGCAAACAAGGCTTCACTGATCGTGGG JEK94P05 CACAACGAAAAACGTGCTGACAGCAGCTACGTGTGCAAACAAGGCTTTACTGACCGCGGA JELing CACAACGAGAAGCGAGCTGATAGTAGCTATGTGTGCAAACAAGGCTTCACTGATCGTGGG JEVellorep20778 CACAACGAGAAGGGAGCTGATAGTAGCTATGTGTGCAAACAAGGCTTCACCGATCGTGGG KunjinMRM61C CATAATGACAAGCGGGCTGACCCATCTTTTGTGTGCAAACAAGGAGTAGTGGATAGAGGT MVE CACAACACGAAGCGGGCAGATCACAATTACTTGTGCAAACGAGGTGTGACCGACAGAGGC TBEVasilchenko ACTCTGGCTGAAGAGCATCAGAGTGGTACGGTGTGCAAGAGGGACCAGAGTGACCGAGGC WN2741 CACAATGACAAACGTGCTGACCCAGCTTTTGTGTGCAGACAAGGAGTGGTGGACAGGGGC WNChin01 CACAATGACAAACGTGCTGACCCAGCTTTTGTGTGCAAACAAGGAGTAGTGGACAGAGGT WNNY99eqhs CACAATGACAAACGTGCTGACCCAGCTTTTGTGTGCAGACAAGGAGTGGTGGACAGGGGC YF8582H CATTTAGCTGAAGAGAATGAGGGGGATAATGCGTGTAAGCGCACCTATTCGGACAGAGGC YFTrinidad79A788379 CACCTAGCTGAAGAGAACGAAGGGGACAATGCGTGCAAGCGCACTTATTCTGATAGAGGC Den1280par00 ACACTGGTGGAAGAACAAGACTCGAACTTTGTGTGTCGACGAACGTTTGTGGACAGAGGC Den1293arg00 ACACTGGTGGAAGAACAAGACTCGAACTTTGTGTGTCGACGAACGTTTGTGGACAGAGGC Den1S27590 ACACTGGTGGAAGAACAAGACGCGAACTTTGTGTGTCGACGAACGTTCGTGGACAGAGGC Den2JamaicaN1409 AGTCTAAATGAAGAGCAGGACAAAAGGTTCCTCTGCAAACACTCCATGGTAGACAGAGGA Den2NewGuineaC AGCCTAAATGAAGAGCAGGACAAAAGGTTCGTCTGCAAACACTCCATGGTGGACAGAGGA Den2TSV01 AGCCTAAATGAAGAACAGGACAAAAGATTTGTCTGCAAACACTCCATGGTAGACAGAGGA Den3802ChinaGuanxi ATTTTACCTGAGGAGCAGGACCAGAACTACGTGTGTAAGCATACATACGTGGACAGAGGC Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 227
Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTTTTGCCTGAGGAGCAGGACCAGAACTACGTGTGTAAGCATACATACGTAGACAGAGGC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTTTTGCCTGAGGAGCAGGACCAGAACTACGTGTGTAAGCATACATACGTAGACAGAGGT Den4 TATCTGAAAGAGGAACAGGACCAACAGTACATTTGCCGGAGAGATGTGGTAGACAGAGGG Den4814669 TATCTGAAAGAGGAACAGGACCAACAGTACATTTGCCGGAGAGATGTGGTAGACAGAGGG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TATCTCAAAGAGGAACAAGATCAACAGTACATCTGCCGGAGAGATGTGGTAGACAGAGGG
[301 360] CFA TGGGGCACTGGGTGCTTCAAGTGGGGGATTGGATTCGTTGGAACGTGCGTCGAACTCCAT JEBeijing1 TGGGGCAACGGATGTGGACTTTTCGGGAAGGGAAGTATTGACACATGTGCAAAATTCTCC JEJa0ArS982 TGGGGCAACGGATGTGGACTTTTCGGGAAGGGAAGCATTGACACATGTGCAAAATTCTCC JEK94P05 TGGGGAAATGGATGTGGACTTTTCGGGAAAGGAAGCATTGACACATGCGCAAAATTTTCT JELing TGGGGCAACGGATGTGGACTTTTCGGGAAGGGAAGTATTGACACATGTGCAAAATTCTCC JEVellorep20778 TGGGGTAACGGATGCGGACTTTTTGGGAAGGGAAGCATTGACACATGTGCAAAATTCTCC KunjinMRM61C TGGGGCAATGGGTGCGGACTTTTTGGTAAAGGAAGCATCGACACATGCGCCAAATTTGCC MVE TGGGGTAATGGATGTGGCTTGTTTGGTAAGGGGAGCATTGACACATGCGCAAAGTTCACC TBEVasilchenko TGGGGCAATCACTGCGGATTATTTGGAAAGGGCAGTATTGTGACCTGCGTCAAGGTGGCC WN2741 TGGGGCAACGGCTGCGGACTATTTGGCAAAGGAAGCATTGACACATGCGCCAAATTTGCC WNChin01 TGGGGCAACGGCTGTGGACTATTTGGCAAAGGAAGCATTGACACATGCGCCAAATTTGCC WNNY99eqhs TGGGGCAACGGCTGCGGACTATTTGGCAAAGGAAGCATTGACACATGCGCCAAATTTGCC YF8582H TGGGGAAACGGCTGTGGCCTGTTTGGGAAGGGAAGCATTGTGGCATGCGCCAAGTTCACT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YFTrinidad79A788379 TGGGGCAATGGCTGTGGCCTATTTGGGAAAGGAAGCATTGTGGCATGCGCCAAATTCACT Den1280par00 TGGGGTAATGGCTGCGGACTATTTGGAAAAGGAAGCCTACTGACGTGTGCTAAGTTCAAG Den1293arg00 TGGGGTAATGGCTGCGGACTATTTGGAAAAGGAAGCCTACTGACGTGTGCTAAGTTCAAG เมื่อDen1S27590 09/10/2564 TGGGGTAATGGCTGCGGACTATTTGGAAAAGGAAGCCTACTGACGTGTGCTAAGTTCAAG 02:27:14 Den2JamaicaN1409 TGGGGAAATGGATGTGGATTATTTGGAAAGGGAGGCATTGTGACCTGTGCTATGTTTACA Den2NewGuineaC TGGGGAAATGGATGTGGATTATTTGGAAAAGGAGGCATTGTGACCTGTGCTATGTTCACA Den2TSV01 TGGGGAAATGGATGCGGATTATTTGGAAAGGGAGGCATCGTGACCTGTGCAATGTTCACA Den3802ChinaGuanxi TGGGGAAACGGTTGTGGTTTGTTTGGCAAGGGAAGCTTGGTGACATGCGCGAAATTTCAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGGGGGAACGGATGTGGTTTGTTTGGCAAGGGAAGCTTGGTAACATGTGCGAAATTTCAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGGGGGAACGGTTGTGGTTTGTTTGGCAAAGGAAGCTTGGTAACATGTGCGAAATTTCAA Den4 TGGGGCAATGGCTGTGGCTTGTTTGGAAAAGGAGGAGTTGTGACATGTGCGAAGTTTTCA Den4814669 TGGGGCAATGGCTGTGGCTTGTTTGGAAAAGGAGGAGTTGTGACATGTGCGAAGTTTTCA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TGGGGCAATGGCTGTGGCTTGTTTGGGAAAGGAGGAGTTGTGACATGTGCGAAGTTCTCA
[361 420] CFA TGCGACAGAGGA------TTCAAC JEBeijing1 TGCACCAGCAAA------GCGATTGGAAGAACAATCCAGTCAGAAAACATCAAATACGAA JEJa0ArS982 TGCACCAGCAAA------GCGATTGGAAGAACAATCCAGCCAGAAAACATCAAATACGAA JEK94P05 TGTACCAGTAAG------GCCATTGGAAGAATGATCCAACCAGAGAACATCAAGTACGAG JELing TGCACCAGGAAA------GCGATTGGGAGAACAATCCAGCCAGAAAACATCAAATACGAA JEVellorep20778 TGCACCAGTAAA------GCGATTGGGAGAACAATCCAGCCAGAAAACATCAAATACGAA KunjinMRM61C TGTTCAACCAAG------GCAACGGGAAGGACTATCTTAAAGGAGAACATTAAGTATGAG MVE TGCTCTAACTCA------GCTGCGGGGAGACTTATCTTACCTGAGGACATCAAATATGAA TBEVasilchenko TGTGAGGCAAAGAAGAAGGCCACTGGACATGTGTATGACGCCAACAAGATCGTGTACACC WN2741 TGCTCTACCAAG------GCAATAGGAAGAACCATCTTGAAAGAGAATATCAAGTACGAA WNChin01 TGTTCCACCAAG------GCAACAGGAAGAACCATTCTGAAAGAGAACATCAAGTACGAA WNNY99eqhs TGCTCTACCAAG------GCAATAGGAAGAACCATCTTGAAAGAGAATATCAAGTACGAA YF8582H TGTGCCAAGTCC------ATGAGCTTGTTTGAGGTTGACCAGACAAAGATCCAGTACGTC YFTrinidad79A788379 TGTGCCAAATCC------ATGAGTTTGTTTGAGGTTGATCAGACCAAGATTCAGTATGTT Den1280par00 TGTGTGACAAAA------CTAGAAGGAAAGATAGTTCAATATGAAAACTTAAAATATTCA Den1293arg00 TGTGTGACAAAG------CTAGAAGGAAAGATAGTTCAATATGAAAACTTAAAATATTCA Den1S27590 TGTGTGACAAAA------CTAGAAGGAAAGATAGTTCAATATGAAAACTTAAAATATTCA Den2JamaicaN1409 TGCAAAAAGAAC------ATGGAAGGAAAAGTCGTGCTGCCAGAAAATTTGGAATACACC Den2NewGuineaC TGCAAAAAGAAC------ATGAAAGGAAAAGTCGTGCAACCAGAAAACTTGGAATACACC Den2TSV01 TGCAAAAAGAAC------ATGGAAGGAAAAGTCGTGCAACCAGAAAACTTGGAGTACACC Den3802ChinaGuanxi TGTTTAGAATCA------ATAGAGGGAAAAGTGGTGCAACATGAGAACCTCAAATACACC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGCCTGGAACCA------ATAGAGGGAAAAGTGGTGCAATATGAGAACCTCAAATACACC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGCCTGGAACCA------ATAGAGGGAAAAGTGGTGCAATATGAGAACCTCAAATACACC Den4 TGTTCGGGGAAG------ATAACAGGCAATTTGGTCCAAATTGAGAACCTTGAATACACA Den4814669 TGTTCGGGGAAG------ATAACAGGCAATTTGGTCCAAATTGAGAACCTTGAATACACA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TGCTCGGGAAAG------ATAACAGGCAATTTGGTCCAAATTGAGAACCTTGAATACACA
[421 480] CFA GTTTCTTCTATCGCTAGGTCAGCTATTGTTATGAACGTTACGGCTAGCTTCCACTCCGTT JEBeijing1 GTTGGCATTTTTGTGCATGGAACCACCACTTCGGAAAACCATGGGAATTATTCAGCGCAA JEJa0ArS982 GTTGGCATTTTTGTGCATGGAACCACCACTTCGGAAAACCATGGGAATTATTCAGCGCAA JEK94P05 GTTGGCATATTCGTGCACGGAACCACCACCTCGGAAAACCATGGGAATTACTCAGCGCAA JELing GTTGGCATTTTTGTGCATGGAACCACCACTTCGGAAAACCATGGGAATTATTCAGCGCAA JEVellorep20778 GTTGGCATTTTTGTGCATGGAACCACCACCTCGGAAAACCATGGGAATTATTCAGCGCAA KunjinMRM61C GTGGCTATCTTTGTGCATGGACCAACTACCGTGGAATCGCATGGGAACTACTTCACGCAA MVE GTTGGGGTTTTTGTTCACGGATCAACGGACTCAACCAGTCATGGAAATTATTCTACCCAA TBEVasilchenko GTTAAGGTTGAGCCACACACG------GGGGACTATGTTGCCGCC WN2741 GTGGCCATTTTTGTCCATGGACCAACTACTGTGGAGTCGCACGGAAACTACTCCACACAG Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 228
WNChin01 GTGGCTATCTTTGTCCATGGACCAACCACTGTGGAGTCGCATGGAAACTACCCCACACAG WNNY99eqhs GTGGCCATTTTTGTCCATGGACCAACTACTGTGGAGTCGCACGGAAACTACTCCACACAG YF8582H ATCAGAGCACAATTACAT------GTTGGGGCAAAGCAGGAAAATTGGAATACCGAT YFTrinidad79A788379 ATCAAAGCACAATTGCAT------GTAGGGGCCAAGCAGGAAGATTGGAAAACCGAC Den1280par00 GTGATAGTCACTGTCCAC------ACTGGGGACCAGCACCAG------GTGGGAAAC Den1293arg00 GTGATAGTCACTGTCCAC------ACTGGGGACCAGCACCAG------GTGGGAAAC Den1S27590 GTGATAGTCACTGTCCAC------ACTGGGGACCAGCACCAG------GTGGGAAAC Den2JamaicaN1409 ATCGTGATAACACCTCAC------TCAGGAGAAGAGCACGCT------GTAGGTAAT Den2NewGuineaC ATTGTGATAACACCTCAC------TCAGGGGAAGAGCATGCA------GTCGGAAAT Den2TSV01 ATTGTGATAACACCTCAC------TCAGGGGAAGAGAATGCA------GTCGGAAAT Den3802ChinaGuanxi GTCATCATCACAGTGCAC------ACAGGAGACCAACACCAG------GTGGGAAAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTCATCATCACAGTGCAC------ACAGGAGATCAACACCAG------GTGGGAAAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTCATCATTACAGTGCAC------ACAGGAGACCAACACCAG------GTGGGAAAT Den4 GTGGTTGTAACAGTCCAC------AATGGAGACACCCATGCA------GTAGGAAAT Den4814669 GTGGTTGTAACAGTCCAC------AATGGAGACACCCATGCA------GTAGGAAAT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTGGTTGTAACAGTCCAC------AATGGAGACACCCATGCA------GTAGGAAAT
[481 540] CFA AGTGACACACAACAGATGGTTGGCGACATACCGCTCACA------JEBeijing1 GTTGGGGCGTCCCAGGCGGCAAAGTTTACA---GTAACACCTAATGCTCCTTCGATAACC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEJa0ArS982 GTTGGGGCGTCCCAGGCGGCAAAGTTTACA---ATAACACCCAATGCTCCTTCGATAACC JEK94P05 GTAGGAGCGTCTCAAGCAGCAAAGTTTACT---GTAACTCCAAATGCTCCCTCAATAACC JELing GTTGGGGCGTCCCAGGCGGCAAAGTTTACA---GTAACACCTAATGCTCCTTCGATAACC เมื่อJEVellorep20778 09/10/2564 GTTGGGGCGTCCCAGGCGGCAAAGTTTACA---GTAACACCCAATGCTCCTTCGACAACC 02:27:14 KunjinMRM61C ACCGGAGCTGCTCAGGCTGGGAGATTTAGT---ATCACCCCCGCGGCACCCTCTTACACT MVE ATTGGAGCTAACCAAGCAGTCAGGTTCACC---ATTTCACCAAACGCTCCAGCCATCACA TBEVasilchenko AATGAAACCCACAGTGGGAGGAAGACGGCATCCTTCACGGTCTCCTCAGAAAAAACCATC WN2741 GTTGGAGCCACTCAGGCAGGGAGATTCAGC---ATCACTCCTGCAGCGCCTTCATACACA WNChin01 ATTGGGGCGACTCAGGCAGGGAGATTTAGC---ATCACTCCTGCGGCGCCTTCATACACA WNNY99eqhs GTTGGAGCCACTCAGGCAGGGAGATTCAGC---ATCACTCCTGCGGCGCCTTCATACACA YF8582H ATCAAAACT------CTCAAG---TTTGATGCGTTGTCAGGCTCTCAGGAA YFTrinidad79A788379 ATTAAGACT------CTCAAG---TTTGATGTCCTGTCAGGCTCCCAGGAA Den1280par00 GAGACTACAGAACATGGAACAATTGCAACT---ATAACACCTCAAGCTCCTACGTCGGAA Den1293arg00 GAGACTACAGAACATGGAACAATTGCAACT---ATAACACCTCAAGCTCCTACGTCGGAA Den1S27590 GAGACTACAGAACATGGAACAATTGCAACC---ATAACACCTCAAGCTCCTACGTCGGAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GACACAGGAAAACATGGCAAGGAAATCAAA---ATAACACCACAGAGTTCCATCACAGAA Den2NewGuineaC GACACAGGAAAACATGGCAAGGAAATCAAA---ATAACACCACAGAGTTCCATCACAGAA Den2TSV01 GACACAGGAAAACACGGCAAGGAAATTAAA---GTAACACCACAGAGTTCCATCACAGAA Den3802ChinaGuanxi GAAACG------CAGGGAGTTACGGCTGAG---ATAACATCCCAGGCATCAACCGCTGAA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAACG------CAGGGAGTCACGGCTGAG---ATAACACCTCAGGCATCAACCACTGAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAACG------CAAGGAGTCACGGCTGAG---ATAACACCTCAGGCATCAACCACTGAA Den4 GACACATCCAATCATGGAGTTACAGCCATG---ATAACTCCCAGGTCACCATCGGTGGAA Den4814669 GACACATCCAATCATGGAGTTACAGCCATG---ATAACTCCCAGGTCACCATCGGTGGAA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GATACATCCAACCATGGAGTTACAGCCACG---ATAACCCCCAGGTCACCATCGGTAGAA
[541 600] CFA TTTAGGTTTGCGAAACTCGGAAACGCGGCGATGACCTGCAGG------TTGGAG JEBeijing1 CTCAAACTTGGTGACTACGGAGAAGTCACACTGGACTGTGAGCCAAGGAGTGGACTAAAC JEJa0ArS982 CTCAAACTTGGTGACTACGGAGAAGTCACGCTGGACTGTGAGCCAAGGAGTGGACTGAAC JEK94P05 CTCAAGCTTGGTGATTATGGAGAAGTCACACTGGATTGTGAACCAAGGAGTGGACTGAAC JELing CTCAAACTTGGTGACTACGGAGAAGTCACACTGGACTGTGAGGCAAGGAGTGGACTAAAC JEVellorep20778 CTCAAACTTGGTGACTACGGAGAAGTCACACTGGATTGTGAGCCAAGGAGTGGATTAAAC KunjinMRM61C CTGAAGCTCGGAGAGTATGGAGAAGTAACAGTGGACTGTGAACCACGCTCAGGGATAGAC MVE GCAAAGATGGGCGACTATGGAGAAGTCACTGTGGAGTGTGAACCGAGGAGTGGACTGAAT TBEVasilchenko TTGACTATGGGGGATTATGGAGATGTGTCCTTGTTGTGCAGAGTCGCCAGTGGCGTTGAC WN2741 CTAAAGCTTGGAGAATATGGAGAGGTGACAGTGGACTGTGAACCACGGTCAGGGATTGAC WNChin01 CTAAAACTTGGAGAGTATGGAGAGGTGACGGTGGACTGTGAACCACGATCAGGGATTGAC WNNY99eqhs CTAAAGCTTGGAGAATATGGAGAGGTGACAGTGGACTGTGAACCACGGTCAGGGATTGAC YF8582H GCCGAGTTTACTGGGTATGGAAAAGCTACTCTGGAATGCCGGGTGCAGACTGCAGTAGAC YFTrinidad79A788379 GCCGAGTTCACTGGGTATGGAAAAGTTACACTGGAATGCCAGGTGCAAACTGCGGTGGAC Den1280par00 ATACAGCTGACTGACTACGGAGCTCTCACATTGGACTGCTCACCTAGAACAGGGCTGGAC Den1293arg00 ATACAGCTGACTGACTACGGAGCCCTCACATTGGACTGCTCACCTAGAACAGGGCTGGAC Den1S27590 ATACAGCTGACCGACTACGGAGCCCTCACATTGGACTGCTCACCTAGAACTGGGCTGGAC Den2JamaicaN1409 GCAGAACTGACAGGCTATGGCACTGTCACGATGGAGTGCTCTCCGAGAACGGGCCTCGAC Den2NewGuineaC GCAGAGTTGACAGGCTATGGCACTGTCACGATGGAGTGCTCTCCGAGAACGGGCCTCGAC Den2TSV01 GCAGAACTAACAGGCTATGGCACTGTCACGATGGAATGCTCTCCGAGAACGGGCCTCGAC Den3802ChinaGuanxi GCCATTTTACCTGAATATGGAACCCTCGGGCTAGAATGCTCACCACGGACAGGTTTGGAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GCCATCTTGCCTGAATATGGAACCCTTGGGCTAGAATGCTCACCACGGACAGGTTTGGAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GCCATCTTGCCTGAATATGGAACCCTTGGGCTAGAATGCTCACCACGGACAGGTTTGGAT Den4 GTCAAATTGCCGGACTATGGAGAACTAACACTCGATTGTGAACCCAGGTCTGGAATTGAC Den4814669 GTCAAATTGCCGGACTATGGAGAACTAACACTCGATTGTGAACCCAGGTCTGGAATTGAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTTAAATTACCGGATTATGGAGAATTGACACTTGATTGTGAACCCAGGTCCGGAATTGAC Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 229
[601 660] CFA TCTGAGCAGTTGCTG------CTTGATTACTATCATGTTACGGGA JEBeijing1 ACTGAAGCGTTTTACGTCATGACCGTGGGGTCAAAG------TCATTT JEJa0ArS982 ACTGAAGCGTTTTACGTCATGACCGTGGGGTCAAAG------TCATTT JEK94P05 ACTGAAGCGTTCTATGTCATGACCGTGGGTTCGAAG------TCATTC JELing ACTGAAGCGTTTTACGTCATGACCGTGGGGTCAAGG------TCATTT JEVellorep20778 ACTGAAGCGTTTTACGTCATGACCGTGGGGTCAAAG------TCATTG KunjinMRM61C ACCAGTGCATACTATGTGATGACTGTCGGGACAAAG------ACTTTC MVE ACAGAGGCCTACTACGTCATGACCATTGGAACGAAA------CACTTT TBEVasilchenko TTGGCTCAGACTGTCATTCTTGAGCTTGATAAGACTCTGGAACACCTTCCGACGGCCTGG WN2741 ACCAATGCATACTACGTGATGACTGTTGGAACAAAG------ACGTTC WNChin01 ACCAATGCATACTACGTGATGACTGTCGGAACAAAG------ACGTTC WNNY99eqhs ACCAATGCATACTACGTGATGACTGTTGGAACAAAG------ACGTTC YF8582H TTTGGCAACAGTTACATTGCTGAGATGGAGAAAGAG------AGTTGG YFTrinidad79A788379 TTTGGTAACAGTTACATCGCTGAGATGGAAAAAGAG------AGCTGG Den1280par00 TTTAATGAGATGGTTCTATTGACAATGAAAGAAAAA------TCATGG Den1293arg00 TTTAATGAGATGGTTCTATTGACAATGAAAGAAAAA------TCATGG Den1S27590 TTTAATGAGATGGTGCTATTGACAATGAAAGAAAAA------TCATGG Den2JamaicaN1409 TTCAATGAGATGGTGCTGCTGCAGATGGAAGACAAA------GCTTGG Den2NewGuineaC TTCAATGAGATGGTGTTGCTGCAAATGGAAAATAAA------GCTTGG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den2TSV01 TTCAATGAGATGGTGTTGCTGCAAATGGAAAACAAG------GCTTGG Den3802ChinaGuanxi TTCAATGAAATGATTTTATTGACAATGAAGAACAAA------GCATGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTCAATGAAATGATCTTGCTAACAATGAAGAACAAA------GCATGG เมื่อDen3IMTSSASRI1266 09/10/2564 TTCAATGAAATGATCTTACTAACAATGAAGAACAAA------GCATGG 02:27:14 Den4 TTTAATGAGATGATTCTGATGAAAATGAAAAAGAAA------ACATGG Den4814669 TTTAATGAGATGATTCTGATGAAAATGAAAAAGAAA------ACATGG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TTCAATGAGATGATTCTGATGAAAATGAAAAAGAAA------ACGTGG
[661 720] CFA AGCTCCCATGAGGGGCTGTTTTTGCGGTCTCAAGTTGACAGTTGG---CCTGGCGTGCAC JEBeijing1 TTGGTCCATAGGGAATGGTTTCATGACCTCGCTCTC---CCTTGGACGCCCCCTTCGAGC JEJa0ArS982 CTGGTCCATAGGGAATGGTTTCATGACCTCGCTCTC---CCCTGGACGTCCCCTTCGAGC JEK94P05 CTAGTCCATAGGGAATGGTTCCATGACCTTTCTCTT---CCCTGGACGTCCCCCTCGAGC JELing TTGGTCCATAGGGAATGGTTTCATGACCTCGCTCTC---CCTTGGACGCCCCCTTCGAGC JEVellorep20778 TTGGTCCACAGGGAATGGTTCCATGATCTCGCTCTC---CCTTGGACGTCCCCTTCGAGC KunjinMRM61C TTGGTCCACCGTGAGTGGTTTATGGACCTCAACCTC---CCCTGGAGCAGTGCTGAAAGT MVE CTAGTGCATCGTGAGTGGTTCAATGATTTGCTCTTG---CCATGGACATCACCTGCAAGC TBEVasilchenko CAGGTCCATCGGGACTGGTTCAATGATCTGGCTCTA---CCGTGGAAACACGAAGGAGCG WN2741 TTGGTCCATCGTGAGTGGTTCATGGACCTCAACCTC---CCTTGGAGCAGTGCTGGAAGT WNChin01 TTGGTCCATCGTGAGTGGTTTATGGACCTCAACCTC---CCCTGGAGCAGTGCCGGAAGC WNNY99eqhs TTGGTCCATCGTGAGTGGTTCATGGACCTCAACCTC---CCTTGGAGCAGTGCTGGAAGT YF8582H ATAGTGGACAGGCAATGGGCCCAGGATCTAACCTTA---CCATGGCAGAGCGGTAGCGGC YFTrinidad79A788379 ATAGTGGACAGACAGTGGGCCCAGGACTTGACCCTG---CCATGGCAGAGTGGAAGTGGC Den1280par00 CTTGTCCACAAACAATGGTTTCTAGACTTACCACTG---CCTTGGACTTCAGGAGCTTCA Den1293arg00 CTTGTCCACAAACAATGGTTTCTAGACTTACCACTG---CCTTGGACTTCAGGAGCTTCA Den1S27590 CTTGTTCACAAACAATGGTTTCTAGACTTACCACTG---CCTTGGACTTCGGGGGCTTCA Den2JamaicaN1409 CTGGTGCACAGGCAATGGTTCCTAGACCTGCCGTTA---CCATGGCTACCCGGAGCGGAC Den2NewGuineaC CTGGTGCACAGGCAATGGTTCCTAGACCTGCCGTTG---CCATGGCTGCCCGGAGCGGAC Den2TSV01 CTGGTGCACAGGCAATGGTTCTTAGACCTGCCGTTA---CCATGGCTGCCCGGAGCAGAC Den3802ChinaGuanxi ATGGTACATAGACAATGGTTCTTTGACTTACCCCTA---CCATGGACATCAGGAGCTACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ATGGTACATAGACAATGGTTTTTTGACCTACCTCTA---CCATGGACATCAGGAGCTACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ATGGTACATAGACAATGGTTCTTTGACCTACCTCTA---CCATGGGCATCAGGAGCTACA Den4 CTCGTGCATAAGCAATGGTTTTTGGATCTGCCTCTT---CCATGGACAGCAGGAGCAGAC Den4814669 CTCGTGCATAAGCAATGGTTTTTGGATCTGCCTCTT---CCATGGACAGCAGGAGCAGAC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CTTGTGCACAAGCAATGGTTTTTGGATCTACCTCTA---CCATGGGCAGCAGGAGCAGAT
[721 780] CFA TCTACTGCTAGTGGTCGGCACGGCATGGAGAAAGTTGTTGTGTGGGGAGATGCTAGGTCC JEBeijing1 ACAGCG------TGGAGAAACAGAGAACTCCTCATGGAATTTGAAGAGGCGCACGCC JEJa0ArS982 ACAGCG------TGGAGAAACAGAGAACTCCTCATGGAATTTGAAGAGGCGCACGCC JEK94P05 ACGGCA------TGGAGAAACAGAGAACTCCTCATGGAATTTGAACAGGCACATGCC JELing ACAGCG------TGGAGAAACAGAGAACTCCTCATGGAATTTGAAGAAGCGCACGCC JEVellorep20778 ACAGCG------TGGAGAAACAGAGAACTCCTCATGGAATTTGAAGAGGCGCACGCC KunjinMRM61C AATGTT------TGGAGGAACAGAGAGACGCTAATGGAGTTTGAAGAACCACACGCT MVE ACGGAA------TGGAGGAATAGAGAAATTCTCGTGGAGTTTGAAGAGCCACATGCC TBEVasilchenko ------CAACAATGGAACAATGCTGAGCGACTGGTTGAATTTGGAGCTCCGCATGCC WN2741 ACTGTG------TGGAGGAACAGAGAGACGTTAATGGAGTTTGAGGAACCACACGCC WNChin01 ACTGTG------TGGAGGAACAGAGAGACGTTGATGGAGTTTGAGGAACCACACGCC WNNY99eqhs ACTGTG------TGGAGGAACAGAGAGACGTTAATGGAGTTTGAGGAACCACACGCC YF8582H GGGGTG------TGGAGAGAAATGCACCATCTTGTTGAATTTGAACCCCCTCACGCC YFTrinidad79A788379 GGGGTG------TGGAGAGAGATGCATCATCTTGTCGAATTTGAACCTCCGCATGCC Den1280par00 ACATCTCAAGAGACTTGGAACAGACAAGATTTGCTGGTCACATTCAAGACAGCTCATGCA Den1293arg00 ACATCTCAAGAGACTTGGAACAGACAAGATTTGCTGGTCACATTCAAGACAGCTCATGCA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 230
Den1S27590 ACATCCCAAGAGACTTGGAACAGACAAGATTTGCTGGTCACATTCAAGACAGCTCATGCA Den2JamaicaN1409 ACACAAGGATCAAATTGGATACAGAAAGAGACATTGGTCACTTTCAAAAATCCCCACGCG Den2NewGuineaC ACACAAGGATCAAATTGGATACAGAAAGAGACATTGGTCACTTTCAAAAATCCCCATGCG Den2TSV01 ACACAAGGATCAAATTGGATACAGAAGGAGACATTGGTCACTTTCAAAAATCCCCATGCA Den3802ChinaGuanxi ACAAAAACACCAACTTGGAACAGGAAAGAGCTTCTTGTGACATTTAAAAATGCACATGCA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 ACGGAAACACCAACCTGGAACAGGAAGGAGCTTCTTGTGACATTTAAAAACGCACATGCG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 ACAGAAACACCAACCTGGAACAGGAAGGAGCTTCTTGTGACATTCAAAAACGCACATGCG Den4 ACATCAGAGGTTCACTGGAATTACAAAGAGAGAATGGTGACATTTAAGGTTCCTCATGCC Den4814669 ACATCAGAGGTTCACTGGAATTACAAAGAGAGAATGGTGACATTTAAGGTTCCTCATGCC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ACATCAGAAGTTCATTGGAATTACAAAGAGAGAATGGTAACATTCAAGGTTCCTCATGCC
[781 840] CFA AATGAGATTCTAGTAAAAAACGTA------ATTGAACCTTCGTTGTCC JEBeijing1 ACAAAACAGTCCGTTGTTGCTCTTGGGTCACAGGAAGGAGGCCTCCATCAGGCGTTGGCA JEJa0ArS982 ACAAAACAGTCCGTTGTTGCTCTTGGGTCACAGGAAGGAGGCCTCCATCAGGCGTTGGCA JEK94P05 ACAAAACAATCCGTCGTAGCTCTTGGGTCACAGGAGGGAGGCCTCCATCAAGCGTTGGCA JELing ACAAAACAGTCCGTTGTTGCTCTTGGGTCACAGGAAGGAGGCCTCCATCAGGCGTTGGCA JEVellorep20778 ACAAAACAGTCCGTTGTTGCTCTTGGGTCACAGGAAGGAAGCCTCCATCAGGCGTTGGCA KunjinMRM61C ACGAAGCAATCTGTGATAGCATTGGGCTCTCAAGAGGGAGCCCTGCATCAAGCTCTGGCA MVE ACCAAACAATCAGTGGTTGCCTTGGGTTCACAGGAAGGAGCTTTGCACCAAGCTCTGGCT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3TBEVasilchenko GTTAAAATGGATGTGTATAACCTTGGAGATCAAACTGGGGTGTTGCTAAAGTCACTTGCT WN2741 ACGAAGCAGTCTGTGATAGCATTGGGCTCACAAGAGGGAGCTCTGCATCAAGCTTTGGCT WNChin01 ACGAAGCAGTCTGTGATAGCATTGGGCTCACAAGAGGGAGCTCTGCATCAAGCTTTGGCT เมื่อWNNY99eqhs 09/10/2564 ACGAAGCAGTCTGTGATAGCATTGGGCTCACAAGAGGGAGCTCTGCATCAAGCTTTGGCT 02:27:14 YF8582H GCAACCATCAGAGTGTTAGCCCTAGGAAACCAGGAAGGCTCTTTGAAAACAGCCCTTACA YFTrinidad79A788379 GCCACTATCAGAGTACTGGCCCTGGGAGACCAGGAAGGCTCCTTGAAAACTGCTCTTACC Den1280par00 AAGAAACAGGAAGTAGTCGTACTGGGATCACAGGAAGGAGCAATGCACACTGCATTGACT Den1293arg00 AAGAAACAGGAAGTAGTCGTACTGGGATCACAGGAAGGAGCAATGCACACTGCATTGACT Den1S27590 AAGAAGCAGGAAGTAGTCGTACTGGGATCACAGGAAGGAGCAATGCACACTGCGTTGACT Den2JamaicaN1409 AAGAAACAAGATGTCGTTGTTTTAGGATCTCAAGAAGGGGCCATGCACACGGCACTCACA Den2NewGuineaC AAGAAACAGGATGTTGTTGTTTTGGGATCCCAAGAAGGGGCCATGCACACAGCACTCACA Den2TSV01 AAGAAACAGGATGTTGTTGTTTTAGGATCCCAAGAAGGGGCTATGCATACAGCACTCACA Den3802ChinaGuanxi AAAAAGCAAGAAGTAGTTGTCCTTGGATCACAGGAGGGAGCAATGCATACAGCACTGACA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AAAAAACAAGAAGTAGTTGTCCTTGGATCGCAAGAGGGAGCAATGCATACCGCATTGACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AAAAAACAAGAAGTAGTTGTCCTTGGATCGCAAGAGGGAGCAATGCATACCGCACTGACA Den4 AAGAGACAGGATGTGACAGTGCTGGGATCTCAGGAAGGAGCCATGCATTCTGCCCTCGCT Den4814669 AAGAGACAGGATGTGACAGTGCTGGGATCTCAGGAAGGAGCCATGCATTCTGCCCTCGCT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 AAGAGACAGGATGTGACAGTGCTAGGATCTCAGGAAGGAGCCATGCATTCTGCCCTCACC
[841 900] CFA TGGGAAGACGCGATCGCCACTCATGGTGGA------TTCCGTGACATC JEBeijing1 GGAGCCATCGTGGTGGAGTACTCAAGCTCA---GTG------AAGTTAACATCAGGC JEJa0ArS982 GGAGCCATCGTGGTGGAGTACTCAAGCTCA---GTG------AAGTTAACATCAGGC JEK94P05 GGAGCCATCGTGGTGGAGTACTCGAGCTCA---GTG------AAGTTGACATCAGGT JELing GGAGCCATCGTGGTGGAGTACTCAAGCTCA---GTG------AAGTTAACATCAGGC JEVellorep20778 GGAGCCATCGTGGTGGAGTACTCAAGCTCA---GTG------AAGTTAACATCAGGC KunjinMRM61C GGAGCCATTCCTGTGGAATTTTCAAGCAACACTGTC------AAGCTGACGTCAGGC MVE GGAGCCATACCAGTCGAGTTTTCGAGCAGCACACTT------AAACTCACTTCAGGA TBEVasilchenko GGGGTTCCTGTGGCGCACATTGATGGAGCAAAA------TACCACCTAAAAAGCGGC WN2741 GGAGCCATTCCTGTGGAATTTTCAAGCAACACTGTC------AAGTTGACGTCGGGT WNChin01 GGAGCCATTCCTGTGGAATTTTCAAGCAACACTGTC------AAGTTGACATCGGGT WNNY99eqhs GGAGCCATTCCTGTGGAATTTTCAAGCAACACTGTC------AAGTTGACGTCGGGT YF8582H GGTGCAATGAGGGTCACAAAGGACACCAATGATAACAATCTGTACAAACTACATGGTGGA YFTrinidad79A788379 GGCGCAATGAGGGTTACAAAGGACACAAATGACAACAACCTTTACAAACTACATGGTGGA Den1280par00 GGGGCGACAGAAATCCAGACGTCAGGAACGACAACG------ATCTTTGCA---GGA Den1293arg00 GGGGCGACAGAAATCCAGACGTCAGGAACGACAACG------ATCTTTGCA---GGA Den1S27590 GGGGCGACAGAAATCCAAACGTCTGGAACGACAACA------ATTTTTGCA---GGA Den2JamaicaN1409 GGGGCCACAGAAATCCAGATGTCATCAGGAAACTTA------CTGTTCACA---GGA Den2NewGuineaC GGGGCCACAGAAATCCAGATGTCATCAGGAAACTTA------CTGTTCACA---GGA Den2TSV01 GGGGCCACGGAAATCCAGATGTCATCAGGAAACTTA------CTGTTCACA---GGA Den3802ChinaGuanxi GGAGCTACAGAGATCCAAACCTTAGGAGGCACAAGT------ATTTTTGCG---GGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GGAGCCACAGAAATCCAAAACTCAGGAGGCACAAGT------ATTTTTGCG---GGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GGAGCTACAGAAATCCAAAACTCAGGAGGCACAAGC------ATTTTCGCG---GGG Den4 GGAGCCACAGAAGTGGACTCCGGTGATGGAAATCAC------ATGTTTGCA---GGA Den4814669 GGAGCCACAGAAGTGGACTCCGGTGATGGAAATCAC------ATGTTTGCA---GGA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GGAGCTACAGAAGTGGATTCCGGTGATGGAAACCAC------ATGTTTGCA---GGA
[901 960] CFA TCCTTTGTTTGTCAGATTATGCTCGACAAACTAGTC------AGTGGAGCTTTTCGAGAT JEBeijing1 CACCTAAAATGCAGGCTGAAAATGGACAAACTGGCTCTGAAAGGCACAACCTATGGTATG JEJa0ArS982 CACCTGAAATGTAGGCTGAAAATGGACAAACTGGCTCTGAAAGGCACAACCTATGGCATG JEK94P05 CACCTGAAATGCAGGCTAAAAATGGACAAACTGGCTCTGAAGGGCACGACTTATGGCATG JELing CACCTAAAATGTCGGCTGAAAATGGACAAATTGGCTCTGAAAGGCACAACCTATGGCATG Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 231
JEVellorep20778 CACCTGAAATGCAGGCTGAAAATGGACAAACTGGCTCTGAAAGGTACAACCTATGGCATG KunjinMRM61C CACCTCAAGTGTAGGGTGAAGATGGAAAAATTGCAGCTGAAGGGGACAACTTATGGCGTC MVE CACCTTAAGTGTCGCGTGAAAATGGAGAAATTGAAACTGAAAGGAACCACTTATGGGATG TBEVasilchenko CATGTAACATGCGAGGTTGGACTAGAAAAGCTCAAAATGAAGGGTCTCACATACACAATG WN2741 CATTTGAAGTGTAGAGTGAAGATGGAAAAATTGCAGTTGAAGGGAACAACCTATGGCGTC WNChin01 CATTTGAAGTGTAGAGTGAAGATGGAAAAATTGCAGTTGAAGGGAACAACCTACGGCGTC WNNY99eqhs CATTTGAAGTGTAGAGTGAAGATGGAAAAATTGCAGTTGAAGGGAACAACCTATGGCGTC YF8582H CATGTTTCCTGTAGAGTGAAACTGTCAGCTTTAACACTCAAGGGGACATCCTACAAAATG YFTrinidad79A788379 CATGTTTCTTGCAGAGTGAAATTGTCAGCTTTGACACTCAAGGGGACATCCTACAAAATG Den1280par00 CACCTGAAATGCAGACTAAAAATGGATAAACTGACTTTAAAAGGGATGTCATATGTAATG Den1293arg00 CACCTGAAATGCAGACTAAAAATGGATAAACTGACTTTAAAAGGGATGTCATATGTAATG Den1S27590 CACCTGAAATGTAGACTAAAAATGGACAAACTGACTCTAAAAGGGATGTCATATGTGATG Den2JamaicaN1409 CATCTCAAGTGCAGGCTGAGAATGGACAAACTACAGCTCAAAGGAATGTCATACTCTATG Den2NewGuineaC CATCTCAAGTGCAGGCTGAGGATGGACAAACTACAGCTCAAAGGAATGTCATACTCTATG Den2TSV01 CATCTTAAGTGCAGGCTGAGAATGGACAAACTACAGCTCAAAGGAATGTCATATTCTATG Den3802ChinaGuanxi CACTTAAAATGTAGACTCAAGATGGACAAATTGGAACTCAAGGGGATGAGCTATGCAATG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CACTTAAAATGTAGACTTAAGATGGACAAATTGGAACTCAAGGGGATGAGCTATGCAATG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CACTTAAAATGTAGACTTAAGATGGACAAATTGGAACTCAAGGGGATGAGCTATGCAATG Den4 CATCTTAAGTGCAAAGTCCGTATGGAGAAATTGAGAATCAAGGGAATGTCATACACGATG Den4814669 CATCTTAAGTGCAAAGTCCGTATGGAGAAATTGAGAATCAAGGGAATGTCATACACGATG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CATCTGAAATGCAAAGTTCGCATGGAGAAATTGAGAATTAAGGGAATGTCATACACGATG [961 1020] เมื่อCFA 09/10/2564 TGTCCAGGCCCAAAAATATCCACTTTTTCCCAGGACGGCTTCGGGTATAGTGGAGTGGTG 02:27:14 JEBeijing1 TGCACAGAA---AAATTCTCGTTCGCGAAAAATCCGGCGGACACTGGTCACGGAACAGTT JEJa0ArS982 TGTACAGAA---AAATTCTCGTTCGCGAAAAATCCGGCGGACACTGGCCACGGAACAGTT JEK94P05 TGTACAGAA---AAATTCTCGTTCGCGAAAAATCCAGCGGACACAGGCCATGGAACAGTT JELing TGCACAGAA---AAATTCTCGTTCGCGAAAAATCCGGCGGACACTGGTCACGGAACAGTT JEVellorep20778 TGCACAGAA---AAATTCTCGTTCGCGAAAAACCCGGCGGACACTGGTCACGGAACAGTT KunjinMRM61C TGTTCAAAG---GCCTTCAGATTCCTTGGGACTCCCGCAGACACGGGCCATGGTACTGTG MVE TGCACAGAA---AAATTTACTTTCTCAAAGAATCCAGCCGACACCGGTCATGGCACGGTA TBEVasilchenko TGTGACAAAACGAAGTTCGCATGGAAGCGGACCCCAACAGACAGCGGACATGACACAGTG WN2741 TGTTCAAAG---GCTTTCAAGTTTCTTGGGACTCCCGCAGACACAGGTCACGGCACTGTG WNChin01 TGTTCAAAG---GCTTTCAAATTTCTTGGGACTCCCGCAGATACAGGTCACGGCACTGTG WNNY99eqhs TGTTCAAAG---GCTTTCAAGTTTCTTGGGACTCCCGCAGACACAGGTCACGGCACTGTG YF8582H TGCACAGAT---AAAATGTCCTTTGTCAAGAACCCGACTGACACTGACCATGGCACTGTT YFTrinidad79A788379 TGCACTGAC---AAAATGTCTTTTGTCAAGAACCCAACTGACACTGGTCATGGCACTGTT Den1280par00 TGCACAGGC---TCATTCAAGCTAGAGAAGGAAGTGGCTGAGACCCAGCATGGAACTGTT Den1293arg00 TGCACAGGC---TCATTTAAGCTAGAGAAGGAAGTGGCTGAGACCCAGCATGGAACTGTT Den1S27590 TGCACAGGC---TCATTTAAGCTAGAGAAGGAAGTGGCTGAGACCCAGCATGGAACTGTT Den2JamaicaN1409 TGTACAGGA---AAGTTTAAAATTGTGAAGGAAATAGCAGAAACACAACATGGAACAATA Den2NewGuineaC TGCACAGGA---AAGTTTAAAGTTGTGAAGGAAATAGCAGAAACACAACATGGAACAATA Den2TSV01 TGTACAGGA---AAGTTTAAAGTTGTGAAGGAAATAGCAGAAACACAACATGGAACAATA Den3802ChinaGuanxi TGCTTGAAT---ACCTTTGTGTTGAAGAAAGAAGTCTCCGAAACGCAGCATGGGACAATA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TGCACGAAT---ACCTTTGTGTTGAAGAAAGAAGTCTCAGAAACGCAGCATGGGACAATA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TGCACGAAT---ACCTTTGTGTTGAAGAAAGAAGTCTCAGAAACGCAGCACGGGACAATA Den4 TGTTCAGGA---AAGTTTTCAATTGACAAAGAGATGGCAGAAACACAGCATGGGACAACA Den4814669 TGTTCAGGA---AAGTTTTCAATTGACAAAGAGATGGCAGAAACACAGCATGGGACAACA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TGCTCAGGA---AAGTTCTCAATTGACAAAGAGATGGCAGAAACACAGCATGGGACAACA
[1021 1080] CFA ATAACCACCCTCACC---GCTTCTTCTAATGAGACCTGTTCGCTTAGCTTAACGTGTCAC JEBeijing1 GTCATTGAACTTTCATACTCTGGGAGTGATGGCCCCTGCAAGATTCCGATTGTCTCCGTT JEJa0ArS982 GTCATTGAACTATCCTACTCTGGGAGTGATGGCCCCTGCAAAATTCCGATTGTCTCCGTT JEK94P05 GTCATTGAGCTCACATACTCTGGAAGTGATGGTCCCTGTAAAATTCCGATTGTCTCAGTC JELing GTCATTGAACTTTCATACTCTGGGAGTGATGGCCCCTGCAAGATTCCGATTGTCTCCGTT JEVellorep20778 GTCATCGAACTTTCCTACTCTGGGAGTGATGGCCCTTGCAAAATTCCGATTGTCTCCGTT KunjinMRM61C GTACTGGAACTGCAGTACACAGGCACGGATGGACCCTGCAAGATACCCATTTCATCAGTA MVE GTACTAGAACTGCAGTACACCGGGAGTGATGGACCATGCAAAATTCCAATATCCTCTGTA TBEVasilchenko GTCATGGAAGTCACGTTCTCTGGAACAAAA---CCCTGCAGGATCCCAGTACGGGCAGTG WN2741 GTGTTGGAATTGCAGTACACTGGCACGGATGGACCTTGCAAAGTTCCTATCTCGTCAGTG WNChin01 GTGTTGGAATTGCAGTACACTGGCACGGATGGACCTTGTAAAGTTCCCATCTCGTCAGTG WNNY99eqhs GTGTTGGAATTGCAGTACACTGGCACGGATGGACCTTGCAAAGTTCCTATCTCGTCAGTG YF8582H GTGATGCAGGTGAAA---GTGCCAAAAGGAGCTCCCTGCAAGATCCCAGTGATAGTGGCT YFTrinidad79A788379 GTGATGCAGGTGAAA---GTGCCAAAAGGAGCCCCCTGCAAGATTCCAGTGATAGTAGCT Den1280par00 CTAGTGCAGGTTAAATACGAAGGAACAGATGCGCCATGCAAGATCCCTTTT---TCGGCC Den1293arg00 CTAGTGCAGGTTAAATACGAAGGAACAGATGCGCCATGCAAGATCCCTTTT---TCGGCC Den1S27590 TTAGTGCAGGTTAAATACGAAGGAACAGATGCACCATGCAAGATCCCCTTT---TCGACC Den2JamaicaN1409 GTTATCAGAGTACAATATGAAGGGGACGGCTCTCCATGTAAGATCCCTTTT---GAGATA Den2NewGuineaC GTTATCAGAGTACAATATGAAGGGGACGGTTCTCCATGTAAGATCCCTTTT---GAGATA Den2TSV01 GTTATCAGAGTACAATATGAAGGGGACGGTTCTCCGTGCAAGATCCCTTTT---GAAATA Den3802ChinaGuanxi CTCATTAAGGTTGAGTACAAAGGGGAAGATGCACCCTGCAAGATTCCTTTC---TCCACG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CTCATTAAGGTCGAGTACAAAGGGGAAGATGCACCTTGCAAGATTCCTTTC---TCCACA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 232
Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CTCATTAAGGTTGAGTACAAAGGGGAAGATGCACCTTGCAAGATTCCCTTT---TCCACA Den4 GTGGTGAAAGTCAAGTATGAAGGTGCTGGAGCTCCGTGTAAAGTCCCCATA---GAGATA Den4814669 GTGGTGAAAGTCAAGTATGAAGGTGCTGGAGCTCCGTGTAAAGTCCCCATA---GAGATA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GTGATTAAAGTCAAATATGAAGGTGCTGGAGCTCCGTGTAAAGTTCCCATA---GAGATA
[1081 1140] CFA GGTTGTCTGCTGCAATCCACAAAAATGATCTTTCTCGCAGGGAAGACCACTTCTCGGGCA JEBeijing1 GCTAGCCTCAATGACATGACCCCCGTCGGGCGGCTG------GTGACGGTGAACCCC JEJa0ArS982 GCGAGCCTCAATGACATGACCCCCGTTGGGCGGCTG------GTGACAGTGAACCCT JEK94P05 GCGAGTTTAAACGACATGACCCCTGTGGGGAGGCTG------GTAACAGTAAACCCC JELing GCTAGCCTCAATGACATGACCCCCGTCGGGCGGCTG------GTGACAGTGAACCCC JEVellorep20778 GCGAGTCTTAATGACATGACCCCCGTCGGGCGGCTG------GTGACAGTGAACCCC KunjinMRM61C GCTTCATTGAATGACCTAACGCCAGTGGGCAGGTTA------GTTACCGTCAACCCC MVE GCAAGTCTCAATGACATGACGCCTGTCGGAAGAATG------GTGACAGCTAATCCA TBEVasilchenko GCACACGGCTTTCCAGATGTAAATGTGGCCATGCTG------ATAACACCAAACCCC WN2741 GCTTCATTGAACGACCTAACGCCAGTGGGCAGATTG------GTCACTGTCAACCCT WNChin01 GCTTCATTGAACGACCTAACGCCAGTGGGCAGGTTG------GTCACTGTCAACCCC WNNY99eqhs GCTTCATTGAACGACCTAACGCCAGTGGGCAGATTG------GTCACTGTCAACCCT YF8582H GATGATCTTACAGCAGCAATCAATAAAGGCATTTTG------GTTACAGTTAACCCC YFTrinidad79A788379 GATGACCTTACAGCGGCAATCAATAAAGGCATTTTG------GTTACAGTTAACCCC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den1280par00 CAAGATGAGAAAGGAGTGACCCAGAATGGGAGATTG------ATAACAGCCAACCCC Den1293arg00 CAAGATGAGAAAGGAGTGACCCAGAATGGGAGATTG------ATAACAGCCAACCCC Den1S27590 CAAGATGAGAAAGGAGTGACCCAGAATGGGAGATTG------ATAACAGCCAATCCT เมื่อDen2JamaicaN1409 09/10/2564 ATGGATTTGGAAAAAAGACACGTCTTAGGTCGCCTG------ATTACAGTTAACCCG 02:27:14 Den2NewGuineaC ATGGATTTGGAAAAAAGACATGTTTTAGGTCGCCTG------ATTACAGTCAACCCA Den2TSV01 ATGGATTTGGAAAAAAGACATGTCTTAGGTCGCTTG------ATTACAGTCAACCCA Den3802ChinaGuanxi GAGGATGGACAAGGGAAAGCTCACAATGGCAGACTG------ATCACAGCCAATCCA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAGGATGGACAAGGGAAAGCTCACAATGGCAGACTG------ATTACAGCCAACCCA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAGGATGGACAAGGGAAAGCTCATAATGGCAGACTG------ATCACAGCCAACCCT Den4 AGAGATGTAAACAAGGAAAAAGTGGTTGGGCGTATC------ATCTCATCCACCCCT Den4814669 AGAGATGTAAACAAGGAAAAAGTGGTTGGGCGTATC------ATCTCATCCACCCCT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 AGAGATGTGAACAAGGAAAAAGTGGTAGGGCGTGTC------ATCTCATCTACCCCT
[1141 1200] CFA TTTGTCAAGTGCGGGAACCATACAAGCACCTTGCTCGTT------GGG JEBeijing1 TTCGTCGCGACTTCCAGCGCCAACTCAAAGGTGCTGGTCGAGATGGAACCCCCCTTCGGA JEJa0ArS982 TTCGTCGCGACTTCCAGTGCCAACTCAAAGGTGCTGGTCGAGATGGAACCCCCCTTCGGA JEK94P05 TTCGTCGCGACATCTAGCTCCAACTCAAAGGTGCTGGTTGAGATGGAACCTCCCTTCGGA JELing TTCGTCGCGACTTCCAGCGCCAACTCAAAGGTGCTGGTCGAGATGGAACCCCCCTTCGGA JEVellorep20778 TTTGTCGCGACTTCCAGCGCCAACTCAAAGGTGCTGGTCGAGATGGAACCCCCCTTCGGA KunjinMRM61C TTTGTCTCCGTGTCAACGGCCAATGCTAAAGTCCTGATTGAGTTGGAACCACCCTTTGGA MVE TATGTAGCTTCATCAACTGCCAATGCTAAAGTTCTGGTGGAGATTGAACCACCCTTCGGA TBEVasilchenko ACCATT------GAGAACAACGGAGGAGGCTTCATAGAGATGCAGCTACCCCCAGGG WN2741 TTTGTTTCAATGGCCACGGCCAACGCTAAGGTCCTGATTGAATTGGAACCACCCTTTGGA WNChin01 TTCGTTTCAGTGGCCACGGCCAATGCCAAGGTCCTGATTGAATTGGAACCACCCTTTGGA WNNY99eqhs TTTGTTTCAGTGGCCACGGCCAACGCTAAGGTCCTGATTGAATTGGAACCACCCTTTGGA YF8582H ATCGCCTCAACCAATGATGATGAA------GTGCTGATTGAGGTGAATCCACCCTTTGGA YFTrinidad79A788379 ATCGCCTCAACCAATGATGATGAA------GTGCTGATTGAGGTGAACCCACCTTTTGGA Den1280par00 ATAGTCACT------GACAAAGAAAAACCAGTCAACATTGAGACAGAACCACCTTTTGGT Den1293arg00 ATAGTCACT------GACAAAGAAAAACCAGTCAACATCGAGACAGAACCACCTTTTGGT Den1S27590 ATAGTTACT------GACAAAGAAAAACCAGTCAACATTGAGACAGAACCACCTTTTGGT Den2JamaicaN1409 ATCGTAACA------GAAAAAGATAGCCCAGTCAACATAGAAGCAGAACCTCCATTCGGA Den2NewGuineaC ATCGTAACA------GAAAAAGATAGCCCAGTCAACATAGAAGCAGAACCTCCATTCGGA Den2TSV01 ATTGTTACA------GAAAAAGACAGCCCAGTCAACATAGAAGCAGAACCTCCATTCGGA Den3802ChinaGuanxi GTGGTGACC------AAGAAGGAGGAGCCTGTCAACATTGAGGCTGAACCTCCTTTTGGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTGGTGACT------AAGAAGGAGGAGCCTGTCAATATTGAGGCTGAACCTCCTTTTGGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTGGTGACT------AAGAAGGAGGAGCCTGTCAATATTGAGGCTGAACCTCCTTTTGGG Den4 TTGGCTGAG------AATACCAACAGTGTAACCAACATAGAATTAGAACCCCCCTTTGGG Den4814669 TTGGCTGAG------AATACCAACAGTGTAACCAACATAGAATTAGAACCCCCCTTTGGG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TTTGCTGAG------AATACCAACAGTGTAACCAACATAGAGTTGGAACCCCCTTTTGGG
[1201 1260] CFA AGCACTTCAGTTTCTATTGAGTGCGCCCTTAACCCTATCTCGCAAGGATGG---CGCCTA JEBeijing1 GACTCCTACATCGTAGTTGGAAGGGGAGACAAGCAGATTAACCACCATTGGTACAAGGCT JEJa0ArS982 GACTCCTACATCGTGGTTGGGAGGGGAGACAAGCAGATCAACCACCATTGGCACAAAGCT JEK94P05 GACTCTTATATCGTGGTTGGAAGAGGGGACAAGCAGATTAACCATCACTGGCACAAAGCT JELing GACTCCTACATCGTAGTTGGAAGGGGAGACAAGCAGATTAACCACCATTGGTACAAGGCT JEVellorep20778 GACTCCTACATCGTAGTTGGAAGGGGAGACAAGCAGATCAACCACCATTGGCACAAAGCC KunjinMRM61C GATTCGTACATAGTGGTGGGAAGAGGAGAGCAACAGATCAACCATCACTGGCACAAGTCT MVE GACTCATACATTGTGGTAGGCAGGGGAGACAAGCAGATCAATCACCACTGGCATAAGGAG TBEVasilchenko GACAACATCATTTATGTCGGG------GAGCTAAGCCATCAGTGGTTCCAGAAG WN2741 GACTCATACATAGTGGTGGGCAGAGGAGAACAACAGATCAATCACCATTGGCACAAGTCT WNChin01 GACTCATACATAGTGGTGGGCAGAGGAGAACAACAGATTAATCACCATTGGCACAAGTCT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 233
WNNY99eqhs GACTCATACATAGTGGTGGGCAGAGGAGAACAACAGATCAATCACCATTGGCACAAGTCT YF8582H GATAGTTACATCATAGTTGGAACGGGAGATTCACGTCTTACTTATCAGTGGCACAAAGAG YFTrinidad79A788379 GATAGCTACATTATCATTGGGACAGGAGATTCACGTCTCACTTACCAGTGGCACAAAGAG Den1280par00 GAGAGCTACATCGTGGTAGGGGCAGGTGAAAAAGCTTTGAAACTGAGCTGGTTCAAGAAA Den1293arg00 GAGAGCTACATCGTGGTAGGGGCAGGTGAAAAAGCTTTGAAACTGAGCTGGTTCAAGAAA Den1S27590 GAGAGCTACATCGTGGTAGGGGCAGGTGAAAAAGCTTTGAAACAATGCTGGTTCAAGAAA Den2JamaicaN1409 GACAGCTACATCATCATAGGAGTAGAGCCGGGACAATTGAAACTCAACTGGTTTAAGAAA Den2NewGuineaC GACAGCTACATCATCATAGGAGTAGAGCCGGGACAATTGAAGCTCAACTGGTTTAAGAAA Den2TSV01 GACAGCTACATCATTATAGGAGTAGAACCGGGACAACTGAAGCTCAGCTGGTTTAAGAAA Den3802ChinaGuanxi GAAAGTAATATAGTAATTGGAATTGGAGACAAAGCCCTGAAAATCAACTGGTACAGGAAG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GAAAGTAATATAGTGATTGGAATTGGAGACAACGCCTTGAAAATCAACTGGTATAAGAAA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GAAAGCAATATAGTAATTGGAATTGGAGACAACGCCTTGAAAATCAACTGGTACAAGAAG Den4 GACAGCTACATAGTGATAGGTGTTGGAAACAGCGCATTAACACTCCATTGGTTCAGGAAA Den4814669 GACAGCTACATAGTGATAGGTGTTGGAAACAGCGCATTAACACTCCATTGGTTCAGGAAA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GACAGCTACATAATAATAGGTGTTGGAGACAGTGCATTAACACTCCATTGGTTCAGGAAA
[1261 1320] CFA GCCCGACACGTGGTGGATCGGTAT------CGACGGTTTGGCGTG JEBeijing1 GGAAGCACGCTGGGCAAAGCCTTTTCAACGACTTTGAAGGGAGCTCAAAGACTGGCAGCG JEJa0ArS982 GGAAGCACGCTAGGCAAGGCCTTTTCAACAACTTTGAAGGGAGCTCAAAGACTGGCAGCG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEK94P05 GGAAGCACGCTGGGTAAAGCCTTCTCAACAACTTTGAAAGGGGCTCAGAGACTAGCAGCG JELing GGAAGCACGCTGGGCAAAGCCTTTTCAACAACTTTGAAGGGAGCTCAAAGACTGGCAGCG JEVellorep20778 GGAAGCACGCTGGGCAAGGCCTTTTCAACGACTTTGAAGGGAGCTCAAAGACTGGCAGCG เมื่อKunjinMRM61C 09/10/2564 GGAAGTAGCATTGGCAAAGCTTTCACAGCCACCCTCAAGGGAGCTCAGAGACTAGCAGCT 02:27:14 MVE GGTAGTTCAATTGGCAAAGCCTTCAGCACAACCTTGAAGGGAGCACAGAGATTGGCAGCT TBEVasilchenko GGGAGCAGCATCGGAAGGGTTTTTCAAAAGACCAGGAAGGGCATCGAGAGACTGACAGTG WN2741 GGAAGCAGCATTGGCAAAGCCTTTACAACCACCCTCAAAGGAGCGCAGAGACTAGCCGCT WNChin01 GGAAGCAGCATTGGCAAAGCTTTTACAACCACCCTCAAAGGGGCGCAGAGATTAGCCGCC WNNY99eqhs GGAAGCAGCATTGGCAAAGCCTTTACAACCACCCTCAAAGGAGCGCAGAGACTAGCCGCT YF8582H GGGAGTTCAATAGGAAAGCTGTTTACCCAGACCATGAAAGGCGCAGAACGCCTGGCTGTT YFTrinidad79A788379 GGAAGCTCAATAGGAAAGTTGTTCACTCAGACCATGAAAGGCGCGGAACGCCTGGCCGTC Den1280par00 GGGAGCAGCATAGGGAAAATGTTCGAAGCAACTGCCCGAGGAGCACGAAGGATGGCTATC Den1293arg00 GGGAGCAGCATAGGGAAAATGTTCGAAGCAACTGCCCGAGGAGCACGAAGGATGGCTATC Den1S27590 GGAAGCAGCATAGGGAAAATGTTCGAAGCAACCGCCCGAGGAGCACGAAGGATGGCTATC Den2JamaicaN1409 GGAAGTTCCATCGGCCAAATGTTTGAGACAACAATGAGAGGAGCGAAGAGAATGGCCATT Den2NewGuineaC GGAAGTTCTATCGGCCAAATGATTGAGACAACAATGAGGGGAGCGAAGAGAATGGCCATT Den2TSV01 GGAAGTTCTATTGGCCAAATGTTTGAGACAACAATGAGAGGAGCGAAGAGAATGGCCATT Den3802ChinaGuanxi GGAAGCTCGATTGGGAAGATGTTCGAGGCCACTGCCAGAGGTGCAAGGCGCATGGCCATC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GGAAGCTCTATTGGGAAGATGTTCGAGGCCACTGCCAGAGGTGCAAGGCGCATGGCCATC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GGGAGCTCGATTGGGAAGATGTTCGAGGCCACTGAAAGGGGTGCAAGGCGCATGGCCATC Den4 GGGAGTTCCATTGGCAAGATGTTTGAGTCCACATACAGAGGTGCAAAACGAATGGCCATT Den4814669 GGGAGTTCCATTGGCAAGATGTTTGAGTCCACATACAGAGGTGCAAAACGAATGGCCATT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GGGAGTTCCATTGGCAAGATGTTTGAGTCCACATACAGAGGTGCAAAGCGAATGGCCATT
[1321 1380] CFA TCTGGTGTTGCGGGAGTGTGGCAG------GATCTGGTCGGAAAGTTTTCGGTT------JEBeijing1 TTGGGC---GACACAGCCTGGGACTTTGGCTCTATTGGAGGGGTCTTCAACTCCATAGGG JEJa0ArS982 TTGGGC---GACACAGCCTGGGACTTTGGCTCCATTGGAGGGGTCTTCAACTCCATAGGA JEK94P05 CTAGGT---GACACAGCTTGGGACTTCGGCTCCATTGGAGGGGTATTCAACTCCATAGGG JELing TTGGGC---GACACAGCCTGGGACTTTGGCTCTATTGGAGGGGTCTTCAACTCCATAGGG JEVellorep20778 TTGGGC---GACACAGCCTGGGACTTTGGCTCTATTGGAGGGGTCTTCAACTCCATAGGG KunjinMRM61C CTGGGA---GACACAGCTTGGGACTTTGGATCGGTTGGAGGAGTGTTTACCTCCGTGGGA MVE CTTGGA---GACACGGCGTGGGACTTTGGATCAGTAGGCGGAGTCTTCAATTCAATCGGA TBEVasilchenko ATAGGA---GAACACGCCTGGGACTTCGGTTCCACTGGAGGTTTCTTGACCTCGGTAGGC WN2741 CTAGGA---GACACAGCTTGGGACTTTGGATCAGTTGGAGGGGTGTTCACCTCAGTTGGG WNChin01 CTAGGA---GATACAGCTTGGGATTTTGGATCAGTTGGAGGGGTGTTCACCTCAGTAGGG WNNY99eqhs CTAGGA---GACACAGCTTGGGACTTTGGATCAGTTGGAGGGGTGTTCACCTCAGTTGGG YF8582H ATGGGA---GACGCTGCCTGGGATTTTAGCTCTGCTGGGGGGCTCTTCACTTCGATTGGG YFTrinidad79A788379 ATGGGA---GACGCCGCCTGGGATTTCAGCTCCGCTGGAGGGTTCTTCACCTCGGTTGGG Den1280par00 CTGGGA---GACACCGCATGGGACTTTGGCTCTATAGGAGGAGTGTTCACATCAGTGGGA Den1293arg00 CTGGGA---GACACCGCATGGGACTTTGGCTCTATAGGAGGAGTGTTCACATCAGTAGGA Den1S27590 CTGGGA---GACACCGCATGGGACTTCGGTTCTATAGGAGGAGTGTTCACGTCTGTGGGA Den2JamaicaN1409 TTAGGT---GACACAGCCTGGGATTTTGGATCCCTGGGAGGAGTGTTTACATCTATAGGA Den2NewGuineaC TTAGGT---GACACAGCTTGGGATTTTGGATCCCTGGGAGGAGTGTTTACATCTATAGGA Den2TSV01 TTAGGT---GACACAGCTTGGGATTTTGGATCCCTGGGAGGAGTGTTCACATCTATAGGA Den3802ChinaGuanxi TTGGGA---GACACAGCCTGGGACTTTGGATCAGTGGGTGGTGTTTTGAATTCATTAGGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TTGGGA---GACACAGCTTGGGACTTTGGATCAGTGGGTGGTGTTCTGAACTCATTAGGC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TTGGGA---GACACAGCTTGGGACTTTGGATCAGTGGGTGGTGTTCTGAACTCATTAGGC Den4 CTAGGT---GAAACAGCTTGGGATTTTGGTTCCGTTGGTGGACTGTTCACATCATTGGGA Den4814669 CTAGGT---GAAACAGCTTGGGATTTTGGTTCCGTTGGTGGACTGTTCACATCATTGGGA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CTAGGT---GAAACAGCCTGGGATTTTGGTTCTGTTGGTGGATTGCTCACATCATTGGGA
[1381 1440] Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 234
CFA ------GGTGCCTTC------TTCTCCAACACAGCCCTT JEBeijing1 AAAGCTGTTCACCAAGTGTTTGGTGGTGCCTTCAGAACACTCTTTGGGGGAATGTCTTGG JEJa0ArS982 AAAGCCGTTCACCAAGTGTTTGGTGGTGCCTTCAGAACACTCTTTGGGGGAATGTCTTGG JEK94P05 AAAGCTGTTCACCAAGTATTTGGCGGTGCATTCAGAACGCTCTTCGGGGGAATGTCTTGG JELing AAAGCTGTTCACCAAGTGTTTGGTGGTGCCTTCAGAACACTCTTTGGGGGAATGTCTTGG JEVellorep20778 AAAGCCGTTCACCAAGTGTTTGGTGGTGCCTTCAGAACACTCTTCGGGGGAATGTCTTGG KunjinMRM61C AAGGCTGTCCATCAAGTATTTGGTGGAGCATTCCGCTCATTGTTTGGAGGCATGTCTTGG MVE AAGGCAGTACACCAAGTCTTTGGAGGAGCATTTAGAACCCTCTTTGGAGGAATGTCATGG TBEVasilchenko AAAGCGCTGCACACAGTCCTCGGCGGTGCCTTCAACAGCATCTTTGGGGGAGTGGGGTTT WN2741 AAGGCTGTCCATCAAGTGTTCGGAGGAGCATTCCGCTCACTGTTCGGAGGCATGTCCTGG WNChin01 AAGGCTGTCCATCAAGTGTTCGGTGGAGCTTTCCGCTCACTGTTCGGAGGCATGTCTTGG WNNY99eqhs AAGGCTGTCCATCAAGTGTTCGGAGGAGCATTCCGCTCACTGTTCGGAGGCATGTCCTGG YF8582H AAAGGAAGTCACACGGTGTTTGGCTCTGCCTTTCAGGGATTGTTTGGTGGCTTGAGCTGG YFTrinidad79A788379 AAAGGAATTCATACGGTGTTTGGCTCTGCCTTTCAGGGGCTATTTGGTGGCTTGAACTGG Den1280par00 AAATTGGTGCACCAGGTTTTTGGAGCCGCATATGGGGTTCTGTTCAGCGGTGTTTCTTGG Den1293arg00 AAATTGGTACACCAGGTTTTTGGAGCCGCATATGGGGTTCTGTTCAGCGGTGTTTCTTGG Den1S27590 AAATTAGTGCATCAGGTTTTTGGAACCGCATATGGGGTTCTGTTCAGCGGTGTTTCTTGG Den2JamaicaN1409 AAGGCTCTCCACCAAGTTTTCGGAGCAATCTATGGGGCTGCTTTTAGTGGGGTCTCATGG Den2NewGuineaC AAGGCTCTCCACCAAGTTTTCGGAGCAATCTATGGGGCTGCCTTCAGTGGGGTCTCATGG Den2TSV01 AAGGCCCTCCACCAAGTCTTTGGAGCAATCTATGGGGCTGCCTTCAGTGGGGTTTCATGG 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den3802ChinaGuanxi AAAATGGTCCACCAAATATTTGGGAGTGCTTACACAGCCCTATTTAGTGGAGTCTCCTGG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AAAATGGTGCACCAAATATTCGGAAGTGCTTACACAGCCCTATTCAGTGGAGTCTCTTGG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AAAATGGTGCACCAAATATTTGGAAGTGCTTATACAGCCCTGTTCAGTGGAGTCTCTTGG เมื่อDen4 09/10/2564 AAGGCTGTGCACCAGGTTTTTGGAAGTGTGTATACAACCATGTTTGGAGGAGTCTCATGG 02:27:14 Den4814669 AAGGCTGTGCACCAGGTTTTTGGAAGTGTGTATACAACCATGTTTGGAGGAGTCTCATGG Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 AAGGCTGTACACCAGGTTTTTGGTAGTGTGTATACAACTATGTTTGGAGGAGTCTCATGG
[1441 1500] CFA CTGGTCATTCTCGTCCTCGCTGCCTTGATT------GACAAA JEBeijing1 ATCACACAAGGGCTAATGGGGGCCCTACTACTTTGGATGGGCATCAACGCACGAGACCGA JEJa0ArS982 ATCACACAAGGGCTAATGGGTGCCCTACTACTCTGGATGGGCGTCAACGCACGAGACCGA JEK94P05 ATCACACAAGGACTAATGGGGGCCTTACTTCTTTGGATGGGTGTCAACGCACGAAACCGG JELing ATCACACAAGGGCTAATGGGGGCCCTACTACTTTGGATGGGCATCAACGCACGAGACCGA JEVellorep20778 ATCACACAAGGGCTAATGGGGGCCCTACTACTCTGGATGGGCGTCAACGCACGAGACCGA KunjinMRM61C ATAACTCAGGGTCTGCTGGGGGCCCTCCTATTGTGGATGGGTATTAACGCTCGTGATAGA MVE ATCAGCCCAGGTCTGCTGGGGGCGTTACTGCTATGGATGGGGGTCAATGCTAGAGATAAA TBEVasilchenko CTGCCCAAGCTCCTGTTGGGTGTAGCTTTAGCCTGGTTGGGCCTGAACATGAGGAACCCT WN2741 ATAACGCAAGGATTGCTGGGGGCTCTCCTGTTGTGGATGGGCATCAATGCTCGTGATAGG WNChin01 ATAACGCAAGGATTGCTGGGGGCTCTGCTGTTGTGGATGGGCATCAATGCTCGTGACAGG WNNY99eqhs ATAACGCAAGGATTGCTGGGGGCTCTCCTGTTGTGGATGGGCATCAATGCTCGTGATAGG YF8582H ATAACGAAGGTCATTATGGGCGCGGTCCTCATATGGGTTGGCATCAACACAAGAAACATG YFTrinidad79A788379 ATAACAAAGGTCATCATGGGGGCGGTACTCATATGGGTTGGCTTCAACACAAGAAACATG Den1280par00 ACCATGAAAATAGGAATAGGGATTCTGCTGACATGGTTGGGATTAAATTCAAGGAGCACG Den1293arg00 ACCATGAAAATAGGAATAGGGATTCTGCTGACATGGTTGGGATTAAATTCAAGGAGCACG Den1S27590 ACCATGAAAATAGGAATAGGGATTCTGCTGACATGGTTGGGATTAAATTCAAGGAGCACG Den2JamaicaN1409 ACTATGAAAATCCTCATAGGAGTCATCATCACATGGATAGGAATGAATTCACGTAGCACC Den2NewGuineaC ACTATGAAAATACTCATAGGAGTCATTATCACATGGATAGGAATGAATTCACGCAGCACC Den2TSV01 ACTATGAAAATCCTCATAGGAGTCGTCATCACATGGATAGGAATGAATTCACGCAGCACC Den3802ChinaGuanxi ATAATGAAAATTGGAATAGGTGTCCTCTTAACCTGGATAGGGTTGAATTCAAAAAACACT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GTAATGAAAATCGGAATAGGAGTTCTCTTGACTTGGATAGGGTTGAATTCAAAAAACACA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GTGATGAAAATTGGAATAGGTGTCCTCTTGACTTGGATAGGGTTGAATTCAAAAAACACA Den4 ATGATTAGAATCCTAATTGGGTTCTTAGTGTTGTGGATTGGCACGAACTCGAGGAACACT Den4814669 ATGATTAGAATCCTAATTGGGTTCTTAGTGTTGTGGATTGGCACGAACTCAAGGAACACT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 ATGGTTAGAATCCTAATTGGGTTCCTAGTGTTGTGGATTGGCACGAATTCGAGAAACACC
[1501 1560] CFA CGCATAGCCTTT---CTATTGGTTTTAGGGGGGTACTTTTACTAT------GTG JEBeijing1 TCAATTGCTTTGGCCTTCTTAGCCACAGGAGGTGTGCTCGTGTTCTTAGCTACCAATGTG JEJa0ArS982 TCAATTGCTTTGGCCTTCTTAGCCACAGGAGGTGTGCTCGTGTTCTTAGCGACCAATGTG JEK94P05 TCAATCGCCCTGGCTTTTCTGGCCACGGGAGGTGTGCTCGTGTTTTTAGCGACCAATGTG JELing TCAATTGCTTTGGCCTTCTTAGCCACAGGAGGTGTGCTCGTGTTCTTAGCTACCAATGTG JEVellorep20778 TCAATTGCTTTGGCCTTCTTAGCCACAGGAGGTGTGCTCGTGTTCTTAGCGACCAATGTG KunjinMRM61C TCCATAGCCCTCACGTTCCTCGCGGTTGGAGGAGTTCTGCTCTTTCTCTCCGTGAACGTG MVE TCAATTGCTTTGGCTTTCCTAGCAACAGGAGGCGTTTTGTTGTTCCTGGCCACAAATGTC TBEVasilchenko ACTATGTCCATGAGCTTCCTCTTGGCTGGGGGACTGGTCCTGGCTATGACACTTGGAGTG WN2741 TCCATAGCTCTCACGTTTCTCGCAGTTGGAGGAGTTCTGCTCTTCCTCTCCGTGAACGTG WNChin01 TCCATAGCTCTTACGTTTCTCGCAATTGGAGGGGTCCTGCTCTTTCTCTCCGTGAACGTG WNNY99eqhs TCCATAGCTCTCACGTTTCTCGCAGTTGGAGGAGTTCTGCTCTTCCTCTCCGTGAACGTG YF8582H ACAATGTCCATGAGTATGATCTTGGTGGGAGTGATCATGATGTTCTTGTCTCTGGGAGTT YFTrinidad79A788379 ACAATGTCCATGAGCATGATCCTGGTAGGAGTGATCATGATGTTTTTGTCTCTAGGAGTT Den1280par00 TCACTTTCGATGACGTGCATTGCGGTTGGCATGGTCACACTGTACCTAGGAGTCATGGTT Den1293arg00 TCACTTTCGATGACGTGCATTGCGGTTGGCATGGTCACACTGTACCTAGGAGTCATGGTT Den1S27590 TCACTTTCGATGACGTGCATTGCAGTTGGCATGGTCACACTGTACCTAGGAGTCATGGTT Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 235
Den2JamaicaN1409 TCACTGTCTGTGTCACTAGTATTGGTGGGAGTCGTGACACTGTACCTGGGAGCTATGGTG Den2NewGuineaC TCACTGTCTGTGTCACTAGTATTGGTGGGAGTCGTGACGCTGTATTTGGGAGTTATGGTG Den2TSV01 TCACTGTCTGTGTCACTAGTATTAGTGGGGGTCGTGACATTATATTTGGGAGTTATGGTG Den3802ChinaGuanxi TCTATGTCATTTTCATGCATTGCGATAGGAATCATTACACTCTATCTGGGAGTCGTGGTG Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TCCATGTCATTTTCATGCATTGCGATAGGAATCATCACACTCTATCTGGGAGCTGTGGTG Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TCCATGTCATTTTCATGCATTGCGATAGGAATCATTACACTCTATCTGGGAGCTGTGGTA Den4 TCAATGGCTATGACGTGCATAGCTGTTGGAGGAATCACTCTGTTTCTGGGCTTCACAGTT Den4814669 TCAATGGCTATGACGTGCATAGCTGTTGGAGGAATCACTCTGTTTCTGGGCTTCACAGTT Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TCAATGGCAATGACGTGCATAGCTGTTGGAGGAATCACTCTGTTTCTAGGTTTCACAGTT
[1561 1566] CFA CGGGCT JEBeijing1 CATGCT JEJa0ArS982 CATGCT JEK94P05 CATGCC JELing CATGCT JEVellorep20778 CATGCT KunjinMRM61C CATGCT MVE CATGCT TBEVasilchenko GGTGCT 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3WN2741 CACG-- WNChin01 CACGCT WNNY99eqhs CACGCT เมื่อYF8582H 09/10/2564 ---GGG 02:27:14 YFTrinidad79A788379 ---GGG Den1280par00 CAAGCG Den1293arg00 CAAGCG Den1S27590 CAAGCG Den2JamaicaN1409 CAGGCT Den2NewGuineaC CAGGCC Den2TSV01 CAGGCC Den3802ChinaGuanxi CAAGCT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CAAGCT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CAAGCT Den4 CAAGCA Den4814669 CAAGCA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CAAGCA Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 236
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX L Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 237
APPENDIX L AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT OF E GENE OF MOSQUITO-BORNE FLAVIVIRUSES
[1 60] CFA VK-GEFVEPLYTLKAEQMTMLQTIVRPEEGY-VVATPNGLLEFKTGPAEIYGGQWLRELL JEBeijing1 FNCLGMGNRDFIEGASGATWVDLVLEGDSCLTIMANDKPTLDVRMINIEASQLAEVRSYC JEJa0ArS982 FNCLGMGNRDFIEGASGATWVDLVLEGDSCLTIMANDKPTLDVRMINIEASQLAEVRSYC JEK94P05 FNCLGMGNRDFIEGASGATWVDLVLEGDSCLTIMANDKPTLDVRMINIEASQLAEVRSYC JELing FNCLGMGNRDFIEGASGATWVDLVLEGDSCLTIMANDKPTLDVRMINIEASQLAEVRSYC JEVellorep20778 FNCLGMGNRDFVEGASGATWVDLVLEGDSCLTIMANDKPTLDVRMINIEASQLAEVRSYC KunjinMRM61C FNCLGMSNRDFLEGVSGATWVDLVLEGDSCVTIMSKDKPTIDVKMMNMEAANLAEVRSYC 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3MVE FNCLGMSSRDFIEGASGATWVDLVLEGDSCITIMAADKPTLDIRMMNIEATNLALVRNYC TBEVasilchenko SRCTHLENRDFVTGTQGTTRVTLVLELGGCVTITAEGKPSMDVWLDSIYQENPAKTREYC WN2741 FNCLGMSNRDFLEGVSGATWVDLVLEGDSCVTIMSKDKPTIDVKMMNMEAANLAEVRSYC เมื่อWNChin01 09/10/2564 FNCLGMSNRDFLEGVSGATWVDLVLEGDSCVTIMSKDKPTIDVKMMNMEAANLAEVRSYC 02:27:14 WNNY99eqhs FNCLGMSNRDFLEGVSGATWVDLVLEGDSCVTIMSKDKPTIDVKMMNMEAANLAEVRSYC YF8582H AHCIGITDRDFIEGVHGGTWVSATLEQDKCVTVMAPDKPSLDISLETVAIDGPAEARKVC YFTrinidad79A788379 AHCIGVADRDFIEGVHGGTWVSATLEQDKCVTVMAPDKPSLDISLETVAIDGPVEARKVC Den1280par00 MRCVGIGNRDFVEGLSGATWVDVVLEHGSCVTTMAKDKPTLDIELLKTEVTNPAVLRKLC Den1293arg00 MRCVGIGNRDFVEGLSGATWVDVVLEHGSCVTTMAKDKPTLDIELLKTEVTNPAVLRKLC Den1S27590 MRCVGIGSRDFVEGLSGATWVDVVLEHGSCVTTMAKDKPTLDIELLKTEVTNPAVLRKLC Den2JamaicaN1409 MRCIGISNRDFVEGVSGGSWVDIVLEHGSCVTTMAKNKPTLDFELIKTEAKQPATLRKYC Den2NewGuineaC MRCIGISNRDFVEGVSGGSWVDIVLEHGSCVTTMAKNKPTLDFELIKTEAKQPATLRKYC Den2TSV01 MRCIGISNRDFVEGVSGGSWVDIVLEHGSCVTTMAKNKPTLDFELVKTEAKHPATLRKYC Den3802ChinaGuanxi MRCVGVGNRDFVEGLSGATWVDVVLEHGGCVTTMAKNKPTLDIELQKTEATQLATLRKLC Den3IMTSSAMART1243 MRCVGVGNRDFVEGLSGATWVDVVLEHGGCVTTMAKNKPTLDIELQKTEATQLATLRKLC Den3IMTSSASRI1266 MRCVGVGNRDFVEGLSGATWVDVVLEHGGCVTTMAKNKPTLDIELQKTEATQLATLRKLC Den4 MRCVGVGNRDFVEGVSGGAWVDLVLEHGGCVTTMAQGKPTLDFELTKTTAKEVALLRTYC Den4814669 MRCVGVGNRDFVEGVSGGAWVDLVLEHGGCVTTMAQGKPTLDFELTKTTAKEVALLRTYC Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 MRCVGVGNRDFVEGVSGGAWVDLVLEHGGCVTTMAQGKPTLDFELIKTTAKEVALLRTYC
[61 120] CFA ADCHVNASYSTDVCPGGSQLNMADIMAKERVCSTQPYNRGWGTGCFKWGIGFVGTCVELH JEBeijing1 YHASVTDISTVARCPTTGEAHNEKRADSSYVCKQGFTDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFS JEJa0ArS982 YHASVTDISTVARCPTTGEAHNEKRADSSYVCKQGFTDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFS JEK94P05 YHASVTDISTVARCPMTGEAHNEKRADSSYVCKQGFTDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFS JELing YHASVTDISTVARCPTTGEAHNEKRADSSYVCKQGFTDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFS JEVellorep20778 YHASVTDISTVARCPTTGEAHNEKGADSSYVCKQGFTDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFS KunjinMRM61C YLATVSELSTKAACPTMGEAHNDKRADPSFVCKQGVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFA MVE YAATVSDVSTVSNCPTTGESHNTKRADHNYLCKRGVTDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFT TBEVasilchenko LHAKLSDTKVAARCPTMGPATLAEEHQSGTVCKRDQSDRGWGNHCGLFGKGSIVTCVKVA WN2741 YLATVSDLSTKAACPTMGEAHNDKRADPAFVCRQGVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFA WNChin01 YLATVSDLSTKAACPTMGEAHNDKRADPAFVCKQGVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFA WNNY99eqhs YLATVSDLSTKAACPTMGEAHNDKRADPAFVCRQGVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIDTCAKFA YF8582H YNAVLTHVKINDKCPSTGEAHLAEENEGDNACKRTYSDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIVACAKFT YFTrinidad79A788379 YNAVLTHVKIDDKCPSTGEAHLAEENEGDNACKRTYSDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIVACAKFT Den1280par00 IEAKISNTTTDSRCPTQGEATLVEEQDSNFVCRRTFVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSLLTCAKFK Den1293arg00 IEAKISNTTTDSRCPTQGEATLVEEQDSNFVCRRTFVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSLLTCAKFK Den1S27590 IEAKISNTTTDSRCPTQGEATLVEEQDANFVCRRTFVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSLLTCAKFK Den2JamaicaN1409 IEAKLTNTTTESRCPTQGEPSLNEEQDKRFLCKHSMVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGGIVTCAMFT Den2NewGuineaC IEAKLTNTTTDSRCPTQGEPSLNEEQDKRFVCKHSMVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGGIVTCAMFT Den2TSV01 IEAKLTNTTTASRCPTQGEPSLNEEQDKRFVCKHSMVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGGIVTCAMFT Den3802ChinaGuanxi IEGKITNITTDSRCPTQGEAILPEEQDQNYVCKHTYVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSLVTCAKFQ Den3IMTSSAMART1243 IEGKITNITTDSRCPTQGEAVLPEEQDQNYVCKHTYVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSLVTCAKFQ Den3IMTSSASRI1266 IEGKITNITTDSRCPTQGEAVLPEEQDQNYVCKHTYVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSLVTCAKFQ Den4 IEASISNITTATRCPTQGEPYLKEEQDQQYICRRDVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGGVVTCAKFS Den4814669 IEASISNITTATRCPTQGEPYLKEEQDQQYICRRDVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGGVVTCAKFS Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 IEASISNITTATRCPTQGEPYLKEEQDQQYICRRDVVDRGWGNGCGLFGKGGVVTCAKFS
[121 180] CFA CDRG------FNVSSIARSAIVMNVTASFHSVSDTQQMVGDIPLT------JEBeijing1 CTSK--AIGRTIQSENIKYEVGIFVHGTTTSENHGNYSAQVGASQAAKFT-VTPNAPSIT JEJa0ArS982 CTSK--AIGRTIQPENIKYEVGIFVHGTTTSENHGNYSAQVGASQAAKFT-ITPNAPSIT JEK94P05 CTSK--AIGRMIQPENIKYEVGIFVHGTTTSENHGNYSAQVGASQAAKFT-VTPNAPSIT Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 238
JELing CTRK--AIGRTIQPENIKYEVGIFVHGTTTSENHGNYSAQVGASQAAKFT-VTPNAPSIT JEVellorep20778 CTSK--AIGRTIQPENIKYEVGIFVHGTTTSENHGNYSAQVGASQAAKFT-VTPNAPSTT KunjinMRM61C CSTK--ATGRTILKENIKYEVAIFVHGPTTVESHGNYFTQTGAAQAGRFS-ITPAAPSYT MVE CSNS--AAGRLILPEDIKYEVGVFVHGSTDSTSHGNYSTQIGANQAVRFT-ISPNAPAIT TBEVasilchenko CEAKKKATGHVYDANKIVYTVKVEPHT------GDYVAANETHSGRKTASFTVSSEKTI WN2741 CSTK--AIGRTILKENIKYEVAIFVHGPTTVESHGNYSTQVGATQAGRFS-ITPAAPSYT WNChin01 CSTK--ATGRTILKENIKYEVAIFVHGPTTVESHGNYPTQIGATQAGRFS-ITPAAPSYT WNNY99eqhs CSTK--AIGRTILKENIKYEVAIFVHGPTTVESHGNYSTQVGATQAGRFS-ITPAAPSYT YF8582H CAKS--MSLFEVDQTKIQYVIRAQLH---VGAKQENWNTDIKT-----LK-FDALSGSQE YFTrinidad79A788379 CAKS--MSLFEVDQTKIQYVIKAQLH---VGAKQEDWKTDIKT-----LK-FDVLSGSQE Den1280par00 CVTK--LEGKIVQYENLKYSVIVTVH---TGDQHQ--VGNETTEHGTIAT-ITPQAPTSE Den1293arg00 CVTK--LEGKIVQYENLKYSVIVTVH---TGDQHQ--VGNETTEHGTIAT-ITPQAPTSE Den1S27590 CVTK--LEGKIVQYENLKYSVIVTVH---TGDQHQ--VGNETTEHGTIAT-ITPQAPTSE Den2JamaicaN1409 CKKN--MEGKVVLPENLEYTIVITPH---SGEEHA--VGNDTGKHGKEIK-ITPQSSITE Den2NewGuineaC CKKN--MKGKVVQPENLEYTIVITPH---SGEEHA--VGNDTGKHGKEIK-ITPQSSITE Den2TSV01 CKKN--MEGKVVQPENLEYTIVITPH---SGEENA--VGNDTGKHGKEIK-VTPQSSITE Den3802ChinaGuanxi CLES--IEGKVVQHENLKYTVIITVH---TGDQHQ--VGNET--QGVTAE-ITSQASTAE Den3IMTSSAMART1243 CLEP--IEGKVVQYENLKYTVIITVH---TGDQHQ--VGNET--QGVTAE-ITPQASTTE Den3IMTSSASRI1266 CLEP--IEGKVVQYENLKYTVIITVH---TGDQHQ--VGNET--QGVTAE-ITPQASTTE Den4 CSGK--ITGNLVQIENLEYTVVVTVH---NGDTHA--VGNDTSNHGVTAM-ITPRSPSVE 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Den4814669 CSGK--ITGNLVQIENLEYTVVVTVH---NGDTHA--VGNDTSNHGVTAM-ITPRSPSVE Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 CSGK--ITGNLVQIENLEYTVVVTVH---NGDTHA--VGNDTSNHGVTAT-ITPRSPSVE เมื่อ 09/10/2564[181 02:27:14 240] CFA FRFAKLGNAAMTCR----LESEQLL------LDYYHVTGSSHEGLFLRSQVDSW-PGVH JEBeijing1 LKLGDYGEVTLDCEPRSGLNTEAFYVMTVGSK------SFLVHREWFHDLAL-PWTPPSS JEJa0ArS982 LKLGDYGEVTLDCEPRSGLNTEAFYVMTVGSK------SFLVHREWFHDLAL-PWTSPSS JEK94P05 LKLGDYGEVTLDCEPRSGLNTEAFYVMTVGSK------SFLVHREWFHDLSL-PWTSPSS JELing LKLGDYGEVTLDCEARSGLNTEAFYVMTVGSR------SFLVHREWFHDLAL-PWTPPSS JEVellorep20778 LKLGDYGEVTLDCEPRSGLNTEAFYVMTVGSK------SLLVHREWFHDLAL-PWTSPSS KunjinMRM61C LKLGEYGEVTVDCEPRSGIDTSAYYVMTVGTK------TFLVHREWFMDLNL-PWSSAES MVE AKMGDYGEVTVECEPRSGLNTEAYYVMTIGTK------HFLVHREWFNDLLL-PWTSPAS TBEVasilchenko LTMGDYGDVSLLCRVASGVDLAQTVILELDKTLEHLPTAWQVHRDWFNDLAL-PWKHEGA WN2741 LKLGEYGEVTVDCEPRSGIDTNAYYVMTVGTK------TFLVHREWFMDLNL-PWSSAGS WNChin01 LKLGEYGEVTVDCEPRSGIDTNAYYVMTVGTK------TFLVHREWFMDLNL-PWSSAGS WNNY99eqhs LKLGEYGEVTVDCEPRSGIDTNAYYVMTVGTK------TFLVHREWFMDLNL-PWSSAGS YF8582H AEFTGYGKATLECRVQTAVDFGNSYIAEMEKE------SWIVDRQWAQDLTL-PWQSGSG YFTrinidad79A788379 AEFTGYGKVTLECQVQTAVDFGNSYIAEMEKE------SWIVDRQWAQDLTL-PWQSGSG Den1280par00 IQLTDYGALTLDCSPRTGLDFNEMVLLTMKEK------SWLVHKQWFLDLPL-PWTSGAS Den1293arg00 IQLTDYGALTLDCSPRTGLDFNEMVLLTMKEK------SWLVHKQWFLDLPL-PWTSGAS Den1S27590 IQLTDYGALTLDCSPRTGLDFNEMVLLTMKEK------SWLVHKQWFLDLPL-PWTSGAS Den2JamaicaN1409 AELTGYGTVTMECSPRTGLDFNEMVLLQMEDK------AWLVHRQWFLDLPL-PWLPGAD Den2NewGuineaC AELTGYGTVTMECSPRTGLDFNEMVLLQMENK------AWLVHRQWFLDLPL-PWLPGAD Den2TSV01 AELTGYGTVTMECSPRTGLDFNEMVLLQMENK------AWLVHRQWFLDLPL-PWLPGAD Den3802ChinaGuanxi AILPEYGTLGLECSPRTGLDFNEMILLTMKNK------AWMVHRQWFFDLPL-PWTSGAT Den3IMTSSAMART1243 AILPEYGTLGLECSPRTGLDFNEMILLTMKNK------AWMVHRQWFFDLPL-PWTSGAT Den3IMTSSASRI1266 AILPEYGTLGLECSPRTGLDFNEMILLTMKNK------AWMVHRQWFFDLPL-PWASGAT Den4 VKLPDYGELTLDCEPRSGIDFNEMILMKMKKK------TWLVHKQWFLDLPL-PWTAGAD Den4814669 VKLPDYGELTLDCEPRSGIDFNEMILMKMKKK------TWLVHKQWFLDLPL-PWTAGAD Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 VKLPDYGELTLDCEPRSGIDFNEMILMKMKKK------TWLVHKQWFLDLPL-PWAAGAD
[241 300] CFA STASGRHGMEKVVVWGDARSNEILVKNV------IEPSLSWEDAIATHGG------FRDI JEBeijing1 TA---WRNRELLMEFEEAHATKQSVVALGSQEGGLHQALAGAIVVEYSSS-V---KLTSG JEJa0ArS982 TA---WRNRELLMEFEEAHATKQSVVALGSQEGGLHQALAGAIVVEYSSS-V---KLTSG JEK94P05 TA---WRNRELLMEFEQAHATKQSVVALGSQEGGLHQALAGAIVVEYSSS-V---KLTSG JELing TA---WRNRELLMEFEEAHATKQSVVALGSQEGGLHQALAGAIVVEYSSS-V---KLTSG JEVellorep20778 TA---WRNRELLMEFEEAHATKQSVVALGSQEGSLHQALAGAIVVEYSSS-V---KLTSG KunjinMRM61C NV---WRNRETLMEFEEPHATKQSVIALGSQEGALHQALAGAIPVEFSSNTV---KLTSG MVE TE---WRNREILVEFEEPHATKQSVVALGSQEGALHQALAGAIPVEFSSSTL---KLTSG TBEVasilchenko ---QQWNNAERLVEFGAPHAVKMDVYNLGDQTGVLLKSLAGVPVAHIDGAK---YHLKSG WN2741 TV---WRNRETLMEFEEPHATKQSVIALGSQEGALHQALAGAIPVEFSSNTV---KLTSG WNChin01 TV---WRNRETLMEFEEPHATKQSVIALGSQEGALHQALAGAIPVEFSSNTV---KLTSG WNNY99eqhs TV---WRNRETLMEFEEPHATKQSVIALGSQEGALHQALAGAIPVEFSSNTV---KLTSG YF8582H GV---WREMHHLVEFEPPHAATIRVLALGNQEGSLKTALTGAMRVTKDTNDNNLYKLHGG YFTrinidad79A788379 GV---WREMHHLVEFEPPHAATIRVLALGDQEGSLKTALTGAMRVTKDTNDNNLYKLHGG Den1280par00 TSQETWNRQDLLVTFKTAHAKKQEVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQTSGTTT---IFA-G Den1293arg00 TSQETWNRQDLLVTFKTAHAKKQEVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQTSGTTT---IFA-G Den1S27590 TSQETWNRQDLLVTFKTAHAKKQEVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQTSGTTT---IFA-G Den2JamaicaN1409 TQGSNWIQKETLVTFKNPHAKKQDVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQMSSGNL---LFT-G Den2NewGuineaC TQGSNWIQKETLVTFKNPHAKKQDVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQMSSGNL---LFT-G Den2TSV01 TQGSNWIQKETLVTFKNPHAKKQDVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQMSSGNL---LFT-G Den3802ChinaGuanxi TKTPTWNRKELLVTFKNAHAKKQEVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQTLGGTS---IFA-G Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 239
Den3IMTSSAMART1243 TETPTWNRKELLVTFKNAHAKKQEVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQNSGGTS---IFA-G Den3IMTSSASRI1266 TETPTWNRKELLVTFKNAHAKKQEVVVLGSQEGAMHTALTGATEIQNSGGTS---IFA-G Den4 TSEVHWNYKERMVTFKVPHAKRQDVTVLGSQEGAMHSALAGATEVDSGDGNH---MFA-G Den4814669 TSEVHWNYKERMVTFKVPHAKRQDVTVLGSQEGAMHSALAGATEVDSGDGNH---MFA-G Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 TSEVHWNYKERMVTFKVPHAKRQDVTVLGSQEGAMHSALTGATEVDSGDGNH---MFA-G
[301 360] CFA SFVCQIMLDKLV--SGAFRDCPGPKISTFSQDGFGYSGVVITTLT-ASSNETCSLSLTCH JEBeijing1 HLKCRLKMDKLALKGTTYGMCTE-KFSFAKNPADTGHGTVVIELSYSGSDGPCKIPIVSV JEJa0ArS982 HLKCRLKMDKLALKGTTYGMCTE-KFSFAKNPADTGHGTVVIELSYSGSDGPCKIPIVSV JEK94P05 HLKCRLKMDKLALKGTTYGMCTE-KFSFAKNPADTGHGTVVIELTYSGSDGPCKIPIVSV JELing HLKCRLKMDKLALKGTTYGMCTE-KFSFAKNPADTGHGTVVIELSYSGSDGPCKIPIVSV JEVellorep20778 HLKCRLKMDKLALKGTTYGMCTE-KFSFAKNPADTGHGTVVIELSYSGSDGPCKIPIVSV KunjinMRM61C HLKCRVKMEKLQLKGTTYGVCSK-AFRFLGTPADTGHGTVVLELQYTGTDGPCKIPISSV MVE HLKCRVKMEKLKLKGTTYGMCTE-KFTFSKNPADTGHGTVVLELQYTGSDGPCKIPISSV TBEVasilchenko HVTCEVGLEKLKMKGLTYTMCDKTKFAWKRTPTDSGHDTVVMEVTFSGTK-PCRIPVRAV WN2741 HLKCRVKMEKLQLKGTTYGVCSK-AFKFLGTPADTGHGTVVLELQYTGTDGPCKVPISSV WNChin01 HLKCRVKMEKLQLKGTTYGVCSK-AFKFLGTPADTGHGTVVLELQYTGTDGPCKVPISSV WNNY99eqhs HLKCRVKMEKLQLKGTTYGVCSK-AFKFLGTPADTGHGTVVLELQYTGTDGPCKVPISSV YF8582H HVSCRVKLSALTLKGTSYKMCTD-KMSFVKNPTDTDHGTVVMQVK-VPKGAPCKIPVIVA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3YFTrinidad79A788379 HVSCRVKLSALTLKGTSYKMCTD-KMSFVKNPTDTGHGTVVMQVK-VPKGAPCKIPVIVA Den1280par00 HLKCRLKMDKLTLKGMSYVMCTG-SFKLEKEVAETQHGTVLVQVKYEGTDAPCKIPF-SA Den1293arg00 HLKCRLKMDKLTLKGMSYVMCTG-SFKLEKEVAETQHGTVLVQVKYEGTDAPCKIPF-SA เมื่อDen1S27590 09/10/2564 HLKCRLKMDKLTLKGMSYVMCTG-SFKLEKEVAETQHGTVLVQVKYEGTDAPCKIPF-ST 02:27:14 Den2JamaicaN1409 HLKCRLRMDKLQLKGMSYSMCTG-KFKIVKEIAETQHGTIVIRVQYEGDGSPCKIPF-EI Den2NewGuineaC HLKCRLRMDKLQLKGMSYSMCTG-KFKVVKEIAETQHGTIVIRVQYEGDGSPCKIPF-EI Den2TSV01 HLKCRLRMDKLQLKGMSYSMCTG-KFKVVKEIAETQHGTIVIRVQYEGDGSPCKIPF-EI Den3802ChinaGuanxi HLKCRLKMDKLELKGMSYAMCLN-TFVLKKEVSETQHGTILIKVEYKGEDAPCKIPF-ST Den3IMTSSAMART1243 HLKCRLKMDKLELKGMSYAMCTN-TFVLKKEVSETQHGTILIKVEYKGEDAPCKIPF-ST Den3IMTSSASRI1266 HLKCRLKMDKLELKGMSYAMCTN-TFVLKKEVSETQHGTILIKVEYKGEDAPCKIPF-ST Den4 HLKCKVRMEKLRIKGMSYTMCSG-KFSIDKEMAETQHGTTVVKVKYEGAGAPCKVPI-EI Den4814669 HLKCKVRMEKLRIKGMSYTMCSG-KFSIDKEMAETQHGTTVVKVKYEGAGAPCKVPI-EI Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 HLKCKVRMEKLRIKGMSYTMCSG-KFSIDKEMAETQHGTTVIKVKYEGAGAPCKVPI-EI
[361 420] CFA GCLLQSTKMIFLAGKTTSRAFVKCGNHTSTLLV------GSTSVSIECALNPISQGW-RL JEBeijing1 ASLNDMTPVGRL---VTVNPFVATSSANSKVLVEMEPPFGDSYIVVGRGDKQINHHWYKA JEJa0ArS982 ASLNDMTPVGRL---VTVNPFVATSSANSKVLVEMEPPFGDSYIVVGRGDKQINHHWHKA JEK94P05 ASLNDMTPVGRL---VTVNPFVATSSSNSKVLVEMEPPFGDSYIVVGRGDKQINHHWHKA JELing ASLNDMTPVGRL---VTVNPFVATSSANSKVLVEMEPPFGDSYIVVGRGDKQINHHWYKA JEVellorep20778 ASLNDMTPVGRL---VTVNPFVATSSANSKVLVEMEPPFGDSYIVVGRGDKQINHHWHKA KunjinMRM61C ASLNDLTPVGRL---VTVNPFVSVSTANAKVLIELEPPFGDSYIVVGRGEQQINHHWHKS MVE ASLNDMTPVGRM---VTANPYVASSTANAKVLVEIEPPFGDSYIVVGRGDKQINHHWHKE TBEVasilchenko AHGFPDVNVAML---ITPNPTI---ENNGGGFIEMQLPPGDNIIYVG----ELSHQWFQK WN2741 ASLNDLTPVGRL---VTVNPFVSMATANAKVLIELEPPFGDSYIVVGRGEQQINHHWHKS WNChin01 ASLNDLTPVGRL---VTVNPFVSVATANAKVLIELEPPFGDSYIVVGRGEQQINHHWHKS WNNY99eqhs ASLNDLTPVGRL---VTVNPFVSVATANAKVLIELEPPFGDSYIVVGRGEQQINHHWHKS YF8582H DDLTAAINKGIL---VTVNPIASTNDDE--VLIEVNPPFGDSYIIVGTGDSRLTYQWHKE YFTrinidad79A788379 DDLTAAINKGIL---VTVNPIASTNDDE--VLIEVNPPFGDSYIIIGTGDSRLTYQWHKE Den1280par00 QDEKGVTQNGRL---ITANPIVT--DKEKPVNIETEPPFGESYIVVGAGEKALKLSWFKK Den1293arg00 QDEKGVTQNGRL---ITANPIVT--DKEKPVNIETEPPFGESYIVVGAGEKALKLSWFKK Den1S27590 QDEKGVTQNGRL---ITANPIVT--DKEKPVNIETEPPFGESYIVVGAGEKALKQCWFKK Den2JamaicaN1409 MDLEKRHVLGRL---ITVNPIVT--EKDSPVNIEAEPPFGDSYIIIGVEPGQLKLNWFKK Den2NewGuineaC MDLEKRHVLGRL---ITVNPIVT--EKDSPVNIEAEPPFGDSYIIIGVEPGQLKLNWFKK Den2TSV01 MDLEKRHVLGRL---ITVNPIVT--EKDSPVNIEAEPPFGDSYIIIGVEPGQLKLSWFKK Den3802ChinaGuanxi EDGQGKAHNGRL---ITANPVVT--KKEEPVNIEAEPPFGESNIVIGIGDKALKINWYRK Den3IMTSSAMART1243 EDGQGKAHNGRL---ITANPVVT--KKEEPVNIEAEPPFGESNIVIGIGDNALKINWYKK Den3IMTSSASRI1266 EDGQGKAHNGRL---ITANPVVT--KKEEPVNIEAEPPFGESNIVIGIGDNALKINWYKK Den4 RDVNKEKVVGRI---ISSTPLAE--NTNSVTNIELEPPFGDSYIVIGVGNSALTLHWFRK Den4814669 RDVNKEKVVGRI---ISSTPLAE--NTNSVTNIELEPPFGDSYIVIGVGNSALTLHWFRK Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 RDVNKEKVVGRV---ISSTPFAE--NTNSVTNIELEPPFGDSYIIIGVGDSALTLHWFRK
[421 480] CFA ARHVVDRY------RRFGVSGVAGVWQ--DLVGKFSV------GAF---FSNTAL JEBeijing1 GSTLGKAFSTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFNSIGKAVHQVFGGAFRTLFGGMSW JEJa0ArS982 GSTLGKAFSTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFNSIGKAVHQVFGGAFRTLFGGMSW JEK94P05 GSTLGKAFSTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFNSIGKAVHQVFGGAFRTLFGGMSW JELing GSTLGKAFSTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFNSIGKAVHQVFGGAFRTLFGGMSW JEVellorep20778 GSTLGKAFSTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFNSIGKAVHQVFGGAFRTLFGGMSW KunjinMRM61C GSSIGKAFTATLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSVGGVFTSVGKAVHQVFGGAFRSLFGGMSW MVE GSSIGKAFSTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSVGGVFNSIGKAVHQVFGGAFRTLFGGMSW TBEVasilchenko GSSIGRVFQKTRKGIERLTVIG-EHAWDFGSTGGFLTSVGKALHTVLGGAFNSIFGGVGF WN2741 GSSIGKAFTTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSVGGVFTSVGKAVHQVFGGAFRSLFGGMSW Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 240
WNChin01 GSSIGKAFTTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSVGGVFTSVGKAVHQVFGGAFRSLFGGMSW WNNY99eqhs GSSIGKAFTTTLKGAQRLAALG-DTAWDFGSVGGVFTSVGKAVHQVFGGAFRSLFGGMSW YF8582H GSSIGKLFTQTMKGAERLAVMG-DAAWDFSSAGGLFTSIGKGSHTVFGSAFQGLFGGLSW YFTrinidad79A788379 GSSIGKLFTQTMKGAERLAVMG-DAAWDFSSAGGFFTSVGKGIHTVFGSAFQGLFGGLNW Den1280par00 GSSIGKMFEATARGARRMAILG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFTSVGKLVHQVFGAAYGVLFSGVSW Den1293arg00 GSSIGKMFEATARGARRMAILG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFTSVGKLVHQVFGAAYGVLFSGVSW Den1S27590 GSSIGKMFEATARGARRMAILG-DTAWDFGSIGGVFTSVGKLVHQVFGTAYGVLFSGVSW Den2JamaicaN1409 GSSIGQMFETTMRGAKRMAILG-DTAWDFGSLGGVFTSIGKALHQVFGAIYGAAFSGVSW Den2NewGuineaC GSSIGQMIETTMRGAKRMAILG-DTAWDFGSLGGVFTSIGKALHQVFGAIYGAAFSGVSW Den2TSV01 GSSIGQMFETTMRGAKRMAILG-DTAWDFGSLGGVFTSIGKALHQVFGAIYGAAFSGVSW Den3802ChinaGuanxi GSSIGKMFEATARGARRMAILG-DTAWDFGSVGGVLNSLGKMVHQIFGSAYTALFSGVSW Den3IMTSSAMART1243 GSSIGKMFEATARGARRMAILG-DTAWDFGSVGGVLNSLGKMVHQIFGSAYTALFSGVSW Den3IMTSSASRI1266 GSSIGKMFEATERGARRMAILG-DTAWDFGSVGGVLNSLGKMVHQIFGSAYTALFSGVSW Den4 GSSIGKMFESTYRGAKRMAILG-ETAWDFGSVGGLFTSLGKAVHQVFGSVYTTMFGGVSW Den4814669 GSSIGKMFESTYRGAKRMAILG-ETAWDFGSVGGLFTSLGKAVHQVFGSVYTTMFGGVSW Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 GSSIGKMFESTYRGAKRMAILG-ETAWDFGSVGGLLTSLGKAVHQVFGSVYTTMFGGVSW
[481 522] CFA LVILVLAALI------DKRIAF-LLVLGGYFYY----VRA JEBeijing1 ITQGLMGALLLWMGINARDRSIALAFLATGGVLVFLATNVHA 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3JEJa0ArS982 ITQGLMGALLLWMGVNARDRSIALAFLATGGVLVFLATNVHA JEK94P05 ITQGLMGALLLWMGVNARNRSIALAFLATGGVLVFLATNVHA JELing ITQGLMGALLLWMGINARDRSIALAFLATGGVLVFLATNVHA เมื่อJEVellorep20778 09/10/2564 ITQGLMGALLLWMGVNARDRSIALAFLATGGVLVFLATNVHA 02:27:14 KunjinMRM61C ITQGLLGALLLWMGINARDRSIALTFLAVGGVLLFLSVNVHA MVE ISPGLLGALLLWMGVNARDKSIALAFLATGGVLLFLATNVHA TBEVasilchenko LPKLLLGVALAWLGLNMRNPTMSMSFLLAGGLVLAMTLGVGA WN2741 ITQGLLGALLLWMGINARDRSIALTFLAVGGVLLFLSVNVHV WNChin01 ITQGLLGALLLWMGINARDRSIALTFLAIGGVLLFLSVNVHA WNNY99eqhs ITQGLLGALLLWMGINARDRSIALTFLAVGGVLLFLSVNVHA YF8582H ITKVIMGAVLIWVGINTRNMTMSMSMILVGVIMMFLSLGV-G YFTrinidad79A788379 ITKVIMGAVLIWVGFNTRNMTMSMSMILVGVIMMFLSLGV-G Den1280par00 TMKIGIGILLTWLGLNSRSTSLSMTCIAVGMVTLYLGVMVQA Den1293arg00 TMKIGIGILLTWLGLNSRSTSLSMTCIAVGMVTLYLGVMVQA Den1S27590 TMKIGIGILLTWLGLNSRSTSLSMTCIAVGMVTLYLGVMVQA Den2JamaicaN1409 TMKILIGVIITWIGMNSRSTSLSVSLVLVGVVTLYLGAMVQA Den2NewGuineaC TMKILIGVIITWIGMNSRSTSLSVSLVLVGVVTLYLGVMVQA Den2TSV01 TMKILIGVVITWIGMNSRSTSLSVSLVLVGVVTLYLGVMVQA Den3802ChinaGuanxi IMKIGIGVLLTWIGLNSKNTSMSFSCIAIGIITLYLGVVVQA Den3IMTSSAMART1243 VMKIGIGVLLTWIGLNSKNTSMSFSCIAIGIITLYLGAVVQA Den3IMTSSASRI1266 VMKIGIGVLLTWIGLNSKNTSMSFSCIAIGIITLYLGAVVQA Den4 MIRILIGFLVLWIGTNSRNTSMAMTCIAVGGITLFLGFTVQA Den4814669 MIRILIGFLVLWIGTNSRNTSMAMTCIAVGGITLFLGFTVQA Den4ChinaGuangzhouB5 MVRILIGFLVLWIGTNSRNTSMAMTCIAVGGITLFLGFTVQA Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 241
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX M Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 242
APPENDIX M MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MORPHOLOGICAL TREE OF CULEX MOSQUITOES IN THE SUBGENUS CULEX
1. Morphological character matrix of Culex mosquito in the Subgenus Culex 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 Species Characters (1-19) เมื่อ 09/10/2564Culex quinquefasciatus 02:27:142011312002000011110 Culex fuscocephala 0000200000000000000 Culex gelidus 0001221121120110101 Culex bitaeniorhynchus 3223123011221221112 Culex sitiens 2112222001121111220 Culex whitmorei 1002020121121112203 Culex vishnui 1011002011110111222 Culex. tritaeniorhynchus 1000110001210111222
2. Definition of characters 2.1 Wing size: (0) shorter than 2.8 mm; (1) 2.9-3.3 mm; (2) 3.4-3.8 mm; or (3) longer than 3.9 mm. 2.2 Forefemur size: (0) shorter than 1.6 mm; (1) 1.7-1.9 mm; or (2) longer than 2.0 mm. 2.3 Proboscis size: (0) shorter than 1.7 mm; (1) 1.8-1.9 mm; or (2) longer than 2.0 mm. 2.4 Abdomen size: (0) shorter than 2.4 mm; (1) 2.5-2.7 mm; (2) 2.8-3.0 mm; or (3) longer than 3.1 mm. 2.5 Setae of lateral row of tergum IX: (0) lower than 5.0 setae; (1) 5.1-6.0 setae; (2) 6.1-7.0 satae; or (3) greater than 7.1 setae. 2.6 Setae of insula taft: (0) 9 setae; (1) 10 setae; or (2) 11 setae. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 243
2.7 Body size: (0) small; (1) small medium; (2) medium; or (3) medium large. 2.8 Narrow decumbent scales on vertex: (0) yellow; or (1) white. 2.9 Erect scales on vertex: (0) dark brown; (1) golden brown; or (2) white. 2.10 Palpus compared to proboscis length (ratio): (0) 0.15; (1) 2.0; or (2) 0.25. 2.11 Proboscis scales; (0) entirely dark scaled; (1) median pale ring with entirely black scaled; or (2) median pale ring with sprinkle pale scaled. 2.12 Mesonotal integument: (0) brown; (1) reddish brown; or (2) dark brown to black. 10.14457/MU.the.2004.32.13 Anterior surfaces of fore and midfemor a: (0) entirely dark scaled; or (1) speckling of pale scaled. เมื่อ 09/10/25642.14 Wing scales: (0) black; 02:27:14 (1) dark brown; or (2) pale yellow and dark brown. 2.15 Terga II-VII pale band; (0) not present; (1) basal pale band; or (2) apical pale band. 2.16 Terga pale spots: (0) not present; (1) basolateral pale spots, or (2) apicolateral pale spots. 2.17 Sterna II-VII scales: (0) yellowish white, (1) pale yellow; or (2) pale white. 2.18 Sterna II-VII dark scaled: (0) not present; (1) apicolateral dark scaled; or (2) apical dark scaled. 2.19 Vaginal sclerite: (0) U-shaped; (1) V-shaped; (2) U or V-shaped; or (3) broadly curved shaped.
3. Culex mosquito morphological characteristics
Characters quin fus gel bit sit whit vish tri 1. Wing size 3.5 2.8 2.8 4.3 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 (mm) 2. Forefemur 1.6 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 size (mm) 3. Proboscis 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 244
Characters quin fus gel bit sit whit vish tri size (mm) 4. Abdomen 2.5 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.2 size (mm) 5. Tergum IX 11 7 6.5 5.5 6.5 4.5 5 5.5 setae 6. Insula taft 109 11111111910 setae 10.14457/MU.the.2004.37. Body size M S S-M M-L M S M S (S: small, M: medium, L: large) เมื่อ8. Decumbent 09/10/2564 Y Y 02:27:14 W Y Y W Y Y vertex scale (Y: yellow, W: white) 9. Erect vertex DB DB W GB DB W GB DB scales (DB: dark brown, W: white, GB: golden brown) 10. Palpus ratio 0.25 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 to proboscis 11. Proboscis entire entire pale pale pale pale pale pale scaled dark dark ring ring ring ring ring ring + + sprinkled sprinkled pale scale pale scale 12. Mesonotal B B DB DB DB BL RDB RDB integument (B: brown, DB: dark brown, BL: black, RDB: reddish brown) 13. Fore and dark dark dark pale pale pale dark dark midfrmora scales scales scales 14. Wing scaleBLBLDBY-DBDBDBDBDB (BL: black, DB: dark brown, Y-DB: pale yellow and dark brown) 15. Terga II-VII basal not basal apical basal basal basal basal Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 245
Characters quin fus gel bit sit whit vish tri pale band 16. Terga II-VII BL not not BL BL AL BL BL pale spots (BL: basolateral pale spot, AL: apicolateral pale spot) 17. Sterna II-VII PY WY PY PY PW PW PW PW scale (PY: pale yellow, WY: white yellow, PW: pale white) 10.14457/MU.the.2004.318. Sterna II-VII AL not not AL A not A A dark scale เมื่อ(AL: 09/10/2564 apicolateral dark scale, A: 02:27:14 apical dark scale) 19. Vagina U U V U,V U board U,V U,V sclerite shape curved
quin: Cx. quinquefasciatus fus: Cx. fuscocephala gel: Cx. gelidus bit: Cx. bitaeniorhynchus sit: Cx. sitiens whit: Cx. whitmorei vish: Cx. vishnui tri: Cx. triateniorhynchus Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 246
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
APPENDIX N Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 247
APPENDIX N PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF MOSQUITOES IN THE FAMILY CULICIDAE
Mosquito species and their GenBank accession number
Species GenBank accession number 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3An. albimanus AF417695 เมื่อ 09/10/2564An. albitarsis 02:27:14AF417696 An. marajoara AF417699 An. nuneztovari AF417700 An. aquasalis AF417697 An. rondoni AF417701 An. triannulatus AF417702 An. acanthotorynus AF417724 An. darlingi AF417698 An. judithae AF417722 An. fluviatilis AF116831 An. minimus AF417710 An. culicifacies AF117794 An. funestus AF417709 An. bellator AF417704 An. cruzii AF417703 An. stephensi AF417713 An. gambiae AF252878 An. arabiensis AF252877 An. dirus AF417707 An. subpictus AF417711 An. sundaicus AF417712 An. farauti AF417708 Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 248
Species GenBank accession number An. earlei AF425843 An. freeborni AF417717 An. punctipennis AF417720 An. quadrimaculatus NC_000875 An. coustani AF417715 An. barbirostris AF116836 An. atropos AF417714 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3An. eiseni AF417716 An. intermedius AF417718 เมื่อ 09/10/2564An. punctimacular 02:27:14AF417719 An. pseudopunctipennis AF417721 An. squamifemur AF417723 An. dunhami AF270931 An. claviger AF253042 Culiseta impatiens AF425848 Sabethes cyaneus AF425840 Tx. amboinensis AF417727 Tx. rutilus AF425849 Tx. (Toxorhynchites) sp. AF425850 Ad. squamipennis AF417729 Ur. lowii AF417728 Bi. gracilis AF417725 Ch. bathana AF417726 Cx. tarsalis AF425847 Ae. cataphylla AF253026 Ae. punctor AF253035 Ae. pullatus AF253034 Ae. cantans AF253023 Ae. rusticus AF253038 Ae. detritus AF253030 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 249
Species GenBank accession number Ae. sticticus AF253040 Ae. caspius AF253025 Ae. mariae AF253033 Ae. geniculatus AF253031 Ae. vexans AF253041 Ae. cinereus AF253027 Ae. atropalpus AF425845 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3Tx. splendens This study Ae. aegypti This study เมื่อ 09/10/2564Ae. albopictus 02:27:14This study Cx. bitaeniorhynchus This study Cx. quinquefasciatus This study Cx. sitiens This study Cx. tritaeniorhynchus This study Cx. gelidus This study Cx. whitmorei This study Cx. vishnui This study Cx. fuscocephala This study Cx. brevipalpis This study Cx. (Eumelanomyia) sp. This study Cx. nigropunctatus This study Cx. pallidothorax This study Ar. subalbatus This study Ar. magnus This study Mn. uniformis This study Ae. craggy Unpublished Ae. pseudoalbopictus Unpublished Ae. gardnerii imitator Unpublished Ae. perplexus Unpublished Ae. malayensis Unpublished Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 250
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Sticted consensus tree of eight parsimonious trees when given equal weight to all nucleotide characters of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. (tree length = 1,703 steps, CI = 0.287, RI = 0.478, RC = 0.137).The species in bold were obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 251
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Single most parsimonious tree of COI nucleotide sequences of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae produced by reweighted parsimony (rescaled consistency index). Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. The species in bold were obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 252
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Neighbor-joining tree based on COI nucleotide sequences with GTR + I model of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. The species in bold were obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 253
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Neighbor-joining tree based on COI amino acid sequences with GTR model of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. The species in bold were obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 254
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Stricted consensus tree of twenty-four parsimonious trees when given equal weight to all nucleotide characters of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. (tree length = 3,030 steps, CI = 0.185, RI = 0.465, RC = 0.086).The species with dark line obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 255
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Single most parsimonious tree of COI nucleotide sequences of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae produced by reweighted parsimony (rescaled consistency index). Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. The species with dark line were obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Tada Juthayothin Appendix / 256
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Neighbor-joining tree based on COI nucleotide sequences with GTR + I model of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. The species with dark line obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Sc. (Environmental Biology) / 257
10.14457/MU.the.2004.3 เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14
Neighbor-joining tree based on COI amino acid sequences with GTR model of mosquitoes in the Family Culicidae. Bootstrap values > 50% are shown above branches. The species with dark line obtained from direct sequencing in this study. Tada Juthayothin Biography / 258
BIOGRAPHY
NAME Mr. Tada Juthayothin
DATE OF BIRTH November 19, 1977
PLACE OF BIRTH Bangkok, Thailand 10.14457/MU.the.2004.3INSTITUTIONAL ATTENDED Kasetsart University, 1998: เมื่อ 09/10/2564 02:27:14Bachelor of Science (Biology) Mahidol University, 2003:
Master of Science
(Environmental Biology)
HOME -ADDRESS 998/3 Ratchadapisek 25,
Thaphra, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok,
Thailand 10600