www.stutteringhelp.org • 1-800-992-9392 • www.tartamudez.org THE STUTTERING FOUNDATION ᭨

A Nonprofit Organization WINTER 2008 Since 1947... Helping Those Who Stutter

Communication Trouble at Recess: A Sure Hit Disorders and new 30-page book written “The plot of Trouble at Recess Temperament and illustrated by 8 year- was formed when Jamie started By Lisa Scott, Ph.D. old Jamie therapy with me. The Florida State University describes the We read books Atribulations that about stuttering, Professionals are becoming in- many children watched other creasingly in- who stutter en- kids who stutter terested in un- counter both in on the DVD derstanding the classroom and Stuttering: For how child tem- on the play- Kids, By Kids, and perament influ- ground. learned more ences various Jamie was en- about how others communication couraged to write deal with teasing,” disorders. One the book by her added Gasway. of the world’s speech-language Molly, the main leading re- Jerome Kagan, Ph.D. pathologist, Julie character who searchers on Gasway, M.A., stutters, learns temperament, CCC-SLP. what to do when Jerome Kagan, “The initial she is teased. She Ph.D., a Daniel of writing the also learns what and Amy Starch story was to help makes a good Professor of Jamie develop a friend and how to Psychology at positive feeling teach classmates H a r v a r d about stuttering about stuttering. University, de- Lisa Scott, Ph.D. and an awareness Jamie shares, livered a fasci- that all kids have problems they “I’m very excited that my book nating two-hour seminar entitled, have to deal with,” said Gasway. might help other children who The Nature of Human Continued on page 16 Temperament at the most recent American Speech-Language- Hearing Association convention. Dr. Kagan began his presentation by first defining the difference between temperament, personali- ty, and mood. Temperament is the child’s biological contribution to his own emotional, cognitive, and Annenberg Foundation Grant Makes a Difference Continued on page 13 Thanks to a generous grant from Now in its 4th revised edition, the Annenberg Foundation, the The Child Who Stutters: To the Stuttering Foundation mailed The Pediatrician was written by Child Who Stutters: To the Edward G. Conture, Ph. D., and Inside... Pediatrician to 15,656 newly Board- Barry Guitar, Ph. D., with edito- Neural risk for stuttering . . 3 certified pediatri- rial input from  3 cians across the leading authori- Pakistan research continues . United States. ties in the field Media awards ...... 5 Because concerned parents of stuttering and pediatrics.  first reach out to their child’s The book presents information Letters from young readers. 6 doctor for answers about speech, about the most recent research into International workshop . . . . 9 giving pediatricians the tools early childhood stuttering by Ehud  they need to help these parents is Yairi, Ph.D. and his colleagues at Dave Taylor scores ...... 11 of utmost importance. Continued on page 8 Years 60of Service 2 www.stutteringhelp.org 1-800-992-9392

Neurological Incidents as Background Factors in Developmental Stuttering By Per Alm, Ph.D. Prevalence of stuttering in Lund University, Sweden, groups with early neurological and The Stuttering Information incidents? Center of Denmark Another way to investigate this question is to study groups with Several studies of heredity and suspected neurological incidents. genetics have shown that genes Böhme (1968) investigated a group Christian, 7, with Cabinet Minister Ed play an important role in the causal of 802 children and adults with Balls MP and Michael Palin. background of stuttering. In addi- supposed cerebral lesions, related tion, these studies have shown that to early adverse events. According Praise for Michael non-genetic factors also play a sig- to this report the prevalence of stut- Palin Centre for nificant role. The tering was surprisingly high. In the nature of these group with normal intelligence KudosStammering for Stuttering ChildrenFoundation’s non-genetic fac- 24% were diagnosed as stuttering. Overseas Partner tors has been ob- Interestingly, the prevalence of scure. However, stuttering was lower in groups with On Nov. 26, 2007, Member of there is mounting impaired intelligence, with only Parliament Emily Thornberry joined evidence indicat- 2.4% in the group regarded to have Cabinet Ministers Ed Balls MP and ing that some the lowest intelligence. Some spe- John Bercow MP — who is leading early neurologi- cific risk factors mentioned were an independent review into provi- cal incidents may Per Alm, Ph.D. concussion, with stuttering in 6 out sion for children and young people contribute to the of 11 cases, and premature birth with speech, language and commu- risk for develop- with forceps delivery, with stutter- nications needs — to visit the world- ment of stuttering. ing in 5 out of 5 cases. leading Michael Palin Centre for Higher frequency of early inci- A possible relation between con- Stammering Children in London. dents in cases without stuttering cussion and stuttering was also re- During the visit they met children relatives ported by Segalowitz and Brown and young people who have been One way to find indications (1991). In a survey of high-school helped by the centre and discussed about non-genetic factors is to students 16% of 607 nonstuttering what should be done to improve the compare groups of stuttering adolescents reported head injury support for young people who stam- persons with and without stutter- with unconsciousness, to be com- mer. They were welcomed to the ing relatives. An early study of pared with 6 of the 9 stuttering stu- centre by staff and writer, actor and this type was performed by dents in this survey (i.e., 67%). broadcaster Michael Palin himself, Robert West and coworkers The frequency of all reported head who gave his name to the centre, (1939), comparing two groups of injuries, also without unconscious- following his portrayal of a stam- about 100 stuttering persons ness, was 30% in the nonstuttering mering character in A Fish Called each, with and without stuttering group, in contrast to 8 out of 9 stut- Wanda. He based the role on his relatives. The result indicated tering students. own father who struggled with that several background factors New study in Sweden stammering all his life. were more common in the group New data regarding the role of “It is exciting that MP without stuttering relatives, for early neurological incidents comes Thornberry and Cabinet Ministers example infectious disease, dis- from a study of stuttering adults, at Ed Balls and John Bercow took eases of the nervous system, in- Lund University, Sweden, recently the time to visit the MPC and are juries, and surgery. published in Alm and Risberg leading the effort to improve ser- The same tendency was found (2007). In this study background fac- vices for those who stutter,” said in a more recent study, by Poulos tors and heredity were analyzed in Jane Fraser. “We must work to and Webster (1991). Early inci- relation to childhood traits of atten- build this level of national interestK dents were reported in 21 of 57 tion deficits, using a questionnaire in the United States as well.” cases without family history of for retrospective diagnosis of child- stuttering, to be compared with hood ADHD or ADD (Attention only 3 out of 112 cases with stut- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or tering relatives. Most of these fac- Attention Deficit Disorder, without tors were physical, such as head hyperactivity). The questionnaire was a subset of the Wender Utah injury or birth complications, but Cabinet Minister Ed Balls MP and also three cases of intense fear Rating Scale (WURS). Michael Palin pose for pictures with a were included. Continued on page 10 group outside the Michael Palin Centre. Years WINTER 2008 60of Service 1-800-992-9392 3

ResearchBy Dennis Drayna, inPh.D. Pakistanders Movesin families and Forwardmake them more Atypical Cerebral NIDCD accessible for study by scientists. Laterality: Neural Research on genetic factors in stut- The NIDCD-/CEMB collaboration Risk for Stuttering? tering moved ahead is further reinforced by the participa- tion of Mr. Hashim Raza, a Ph.D. in November with By Anne L. Foundas, MD meetings between student enrolled at the University of Punjab, who is pursuing his thesis re- Tulane University Health researchers at the Sciences Center National Institute on search on stuttering in Dr. Drayna’s Deafness and Other laboratory at the NIDCD. Editor’s note: The Stuttering “Our previous stuttering re- Foundation is pleased to support Communication Dr. Foundas’ new research. Disorders (NIDCD) search in Pakistan has made sig- and scientists at the Dennis Drayna, Ph.D. nificant progress, and on this visit Atypical cerebral laterality Centre of Excellence I had the chance to meet a number was proposed as a potential cen- in Molecular Biology (CEMB) at the of our research subjects, which tral defect in developmental stut- University of Punjab, in Lahore, was wonderful. We also identified tering in 1927 when Orton wrote Pakistan. several new families in which that stuttering may be the result The NIDCD team was led by there are many cases of stuttering, of incomplete Dr. Dennis Drayna, who met with providing important resources for cerebral domi- university officials and Dr. S. our future work,” said Dr. Drayna. nance. Support Riazuddin, the director of the The overall goal of genetic research for this early CEMB, to on stuttering speculation c o o r d i n a t e is to identify may be found the identifi- the specific in the more re- cation and genetic alter- cent theory of sampling of ations that cerebral lateral- P a k i s t a n i give rise to ity (for review: Anne L. Foundas, M.D. families with stuttering in Geschwind & m u l t i p l e some fami- Galaburda, 1985). According to cases of stut- lies, to better this theory, brain organization tering. Mohammad Rafeeq, M. Hashim Raza, Dennis understand can be defined as “typical” or Traditional Drayna, Mohammad Amjad, and Mohammad Yousaf. the funda- “atypical” (anomalous). marriage cus- mental causes Typical brain organization in- toms in Pakistan result in frequent of the disorder. A better understand- cludes left hemispheric domi- marriages between cousins, giving ing of the causes of stuttering may nance for language and right the Pakistani population a relatively lead to improved diagnosis and hemispheric dominance for emo- high degree of inbreeding. Such in- treatment, and provide new avenuesK tion and attention. Typical brain breeding can bring out genetic disor- for research in speech disorders. organization occurs in about 70 per cent of the population. Anomalous dominance exists Just What the Doc Ordered in about 30 per cent of the pop- By June Campbell ulation. Geschwind and Galaburda suggested that atypi- Pediatricians and related health  cal brain structure and function professionals from throughout the June Campbell works would be found in individuals United States and international sites at a busy booth. with developmental stuttering. Diane Hill speaks with including Israel, the Phillippines,  A variety of studies seem to Peru, Kuala Lumplur, and the a pediatrician. have supported this notion. Bahamas were welcomed by and counts of how patients or they them- We have proposed a unify- visited with Diane Hill and June selves have been aided by the ing anatomical model based on Campbell at the American Academy Foundation’s wide-ranging services. a motor control theory of of Pediatrics Annual Conference in Diane and June always thanked the speech production (Foundas et San Francisco this October. physicians for their interest and re- al, 2004). According to this Conversations ranged from grati- minded them they are frequently the model, two main neural cir- tude for providing materials for their Foundation’s first source of contact cuits work together to coordi- patients to specific questions regard- for families. A record number of nate speech production. These ing children who stutter to consulta- physicians requested to receive circuits or loops include an tion regarding children and adult SFA’s newsletter and informationK re- Continued on page 12 family members to first hand ac- garding new products. Years 60of Service 4 www.stutteringhelp.org 1-800-992-9392

 1,000 lbs of books and DVDs After Before

Bird's eye view from entrance hall

Crowds gather in Boston for 2007 ASHA convention This year’s American Speech- Patrice Language-Hearing Association con- Carothers answers vention in Boston drew 12,000 speech questions therapists from all over the world. about SFA And SFA’s exhibit booth was in materials “prime time.” The hottest new products were Cluttering with Ken St. Louis and Florence Myers and Basic Clinical Skills with Ali Biggart, Jane Bligh, Willie Botterill, Frances Cook, Barry Guitar, Alison Nichols, Peter Ramig, Patricia Zebrowski and June Campbell. Working hard in the SFA booth were the many volunteers who made the 2007 con- Joe Donaher, Fran Cook, and Sheryl vention such a success: Steffi Schopick, Gottwald greet SLPs Katerina Ntourou, Willie Botterill, Frances Cook, Joan Babin, Patrice Carothers, Robin Jones, Lisa Scott, Sheryl Gottwald, Joseph Donaher, Barry Guitar, Mark Shohet, Rita Thurman, Patricia Kraus-Lehrman, Maureen Tardelli, Mark Pellowski, Courtney Byrd, Vivian Sisskin, Adriana DiGrande, Judy Kuster, Kathleen Chase, Jennifer Watson, Booth is buzzing - all 30 feet! Charlie Healey, Nancy Ribbler, Julie Gasway, Tricia Zebrowski, John Ellis, Diane Parris, Wendy Wingard-Gay, Anthony Buhr, Rick Arenas, JamesK Panico, and Ryan Pollard.

Willie Botterill, Joe Donaher an- swer queries about the workbook handouts Sheryl Gottwald, Patrice Carothers, and Carol Ecke, Jane Fraser, Katerina Ntourou Wendy Wingard-Gay help field questions brace themselves for Opening Day rush Years WINTER 2008 60of Service 1-800-992-9392 5

Documentary winsreporter, media The Pueblo award Chieftain, Pueblo, Colo., for Speaking Up. Third runner-up was Eric-Paul Johnson, The Press-Enterprise, Riverside, Calif., for Letting His Game Do the Talking. The winners were announced Kirk and John Tarver during the annual Bob Love speaks with Susan on Oct. 22, which is International Tin-cup Golf Tournament. Hamilton, his former therapist, dur- Stuttering Awareness Day. ing filming of his documentary. “Journalists in a On Track to Help Kids variety of media Kirk and John Tarver and their The Stuttering Foundation have done an out- standing job of fo- Memphis-based Shelby Railroad awarded the documentary, Find Services, Inc., donated a record Yourself a Dream: The Bob Love cusing on the caus- es and treatment of $4,000 on Oct. 4 following the Story, its 2007 first-place media company’s annual Tin-Cup Golf award. A special $1,000 cash prize Eric-Paul stuttering over the past year,” said Tournament. will be presented to Bob Love and Johnson The company teamed with the America’s Film Fund to celebrate Jane Fraser, presi- dent of the nonprofit foundation. Stuttering Foundation for the the Foundation’s 60th year. sixth year to honor the late Ruth The Foundation also selected “We were particularly pleased with the entries during our 16th year of McGuiness Tarver. three runner-up winners for suc- “My mother would be so cessfully enhancing public under- honoring journalists.” pleased to know of all the help standing of this complex speech America’s Film Fund produced available today to make a differ- disorder during the past year. First the documentary, Find Yourself a Dream: The Bob Love Story ence for both children and adults runner-up winner . Love who stutter” said John. Jane will receive $250, knows first-hand the experiences Fraser remarked, “We are so second runner-up of someone who stutters and over- grateful for the dedicated friend- winner will get came significant setbacks even ship the Tarvers and ShelbyK $100, and third run- after his glory years with the Railroad have shown SFA.” ner-up winner will Chicago Bulls. be awarded $50. “Bob is more than a great bas- Karen Rivers The three runner-up ketball star and community lead- Whoʼs the A new celebrity will winners were in the newspaper cate- er,” said Fraser. “He is an out- Mystery be added to our Celeb? Famous People Who gory. First runner-up winner was standing role model for young Stutter brochure and Karen Rivers, staff people everywhere.” poster this spring. writer, South Bend One judge said, “It demonstrated Who do y o u Tribune, South that even with all the adversity in his think it is? life, Bob Love never gave up. This The first person Bend, Ind., for to e-mail us at Stopping the Stutter. true story is an inspiration for all.” info@stutteringhelp Second runner-up Information about other famous .org with the correct winner was Amy people who overcame stuttering canK answer wins a t-shirt.K Amy Matthew Matthew, features be found at www.stutteringhelp.org. Good luck! Self-Therapy Aging Gracefully: Book Turns 30 years old The book Self-Therapy for the set myself some assignments, and He continues, “My task is to Stutterer by Malcolmabout the founder Fraser con- the fact that I’m conducting work- hear their evaluation on the use of Malcolm Fraser knew from personal experience what the person who stutters is up against, having struggled T E N T H E D I T I O N

with stuttering since early childhood. efteayfrtestutterer the for self-therapy He first received therapy at age fifteen with Frederick Martin, M.D., Superintendent of Speech Correction for the New York City schools. tinues to help peopleA few years later, he worked with J. Stanleyaround Smith, L.L.D., a self-therapy shops for teachers provides the book prior to giving them a re- philanthropist who stuttered who founded the Kingsley Clubs in Philadelphia and New York. These support groups were named after the English author, Charles Kingsley, who also stuttered. Fraser often led the discussions at both clubs. for the In 1928, he joined his older brother Carlyle who founded the the world. NAPA-Genuine Parts Company that year in Atlanta, Georgia. stutterer the perfect situations for the fresher course. This task provides Malcolm Fraser became an important leader in the company and was particularly outstanding in training others for leadership roles. In 1947, with a successful career under way, he founded the Stuttering Foundation of America. In subsequent years, he added MALCOLM FRASER generously to the endowment so that at the present time, endowment The following e-mailincome covers over fifty percent of the operating budget.came assignments.” me with the perfect opportunity to In 1984, Malcolm Fraser received the fourth annual National Council FRASER MALCOLM on Communicative Disorders’ Distinguished Service Award. The NCCD, a council of 32 national organizations, recognized the from a research Foundation’s assistant efforts in “adding to in “I’m currently holding study my stuttering and attend to stutterers’, parents’, clinicians’, and

the public’s awareness and ability to Edition 10th deal constructively with stuttering.” Dr. Kathleen Griffin (left) presents the In 1989, Hamilton College, NCCD 1984 Distinguished Service Award to Clinton, New York, presented Fraser with theMalcolm honorary Fraser. degree of Doctor of Humane Letters for his outstanding work on behalf of those

Zimbabwe who, wholike stutter. conser- 0012 No. Publication SFA workshops every day about a it as per the self-therapy recom- Malcolm Fraser was honored posthumously with the Charles Van Riper Award, presented by actor James Earl Jones at the 16th annual NCCD Awards Ceremony in Washington, D.C. Established by the American Speech-Language- Hearing Association in 1995, the Van Riper Award vationist Alan Rabinowitz,was given to Fraser for “his outstanding commit- cheetah awareness campaign mendations. I find out that I’m ment to people who stutter.”

THE STUTTERING FOUNDATION ® is using his voice to help the PUBLICATION NO. 0012 that involves the use of a even gaining enough confidence animals who have no voice. schoolbook that integrates to continue talking and expressing “I’m beginning to realize subjects in the education cur- what I want to say. I feel this book some positives from the stuttering ricula with cheetah conservation could soon help me move out ofK self-therapy book,” he wrote. “I’ve aspects.” my cocoon.” Years 6 www.stutteringhelp.org 60of Service 1-800-992-9392 Dear SFA: Reader Response Send letters to SFA, P.O. Box 11749, Memphis, TN 38111-0749 or email [email protected].

The tuxedo-wearing birds re- is called a nephrologist. That place the flying with swim- means a doctor that takes care of ming, as I have replaced my kidneys. I stutter when I talk, but I stuttering with a new approach don’t stutter when I read out loud. to talking. With this new mode Drake, 7 of sustaining, I can now dive Holland, Mich. into language and speech and sur- vive among the icy waters that I Teacher gives ideas frequently belong to. This can Dear SFA: sometimes be a cold place and I don’t like my speech because I only if I explore the depths of the stop on words and say them two or George (second from left) with his friends three times. My speech teacher told in Nairobi, Kenya. ocean that surround it can I find my place in the world, and only me how I could improve on my We as a family would like to thank when I accept this place can I be speech. I sometimes use my slow rate you very much for the support you admired for my swimming and and sometimes I don’t. I forget to use gave toward our son. Our son has not my flying. Perhaps those who my full breath and slow rate. We use really improved his talking after have the sky and look down can a tape recorder so we can go back reading the books you gave us. We admire me gliding through the over my speech. I know I’ll get better. really thank you for that. The boy waters. Cole, 10 turned 12 years old on Oct. 16, and Ben Hurricane, W.V. he is in the sixth grade. Edmond, Okla. “I know I am not alone” Sincerely, Family provides support Dear SFA: George and Family Dear SFA: My name is Jillian. I stutter. Nairobi, Kenya Is stuttering really that bad? People make fun of me, but I try not to let it bother me. My family members help me to Sometimes it does bother me Like a penguin slow down. I believe that I am a penguin be- though, so I try and try to stop Naseer stuttering. neath my human skin. Penguins Ferguson, Mo. have wings but not the ability to fly. But I can’t. I don’t think it is I have a mouth but I do not have the right how people make fun of Future doctor works hard other people who stutter because luxury to talk without a care. My Dear SFA: wings were shortened throughout we all have problems. Some My name is Drake and I am 7 people might not be good at my youth. The de-evolution of my years old. I go to school in math or reading. Some problems confidence forced me to stay Holland, Mich. I work hard in might be personal like family or grounded and not fly with my school because I want to go to self problems. Some may just brothers, my sisters, my cousins. college. I want to be a doctor that Continued on page 7 Picture perfect I feel happy because I learn about stuttering in speech. Stuttering is like Damon Huard throwing the football for the Chiefs and there is a wall that blocks it. I don’t think my friends care that I stut- ter. I do all the things I like to do like race BMX bikes, play football, and skateboard. My teachers are all good and understand stuttering. Jeff, 8 Lee’s Summit, Mo. Jeff drew this picture of a football field. Do you have artwork to share? E-mail it to us at [email protected]. WINTER 2008 Years 60of Service 1-800-992-9392 7

Letters Continued from page 6 speak a different language. But, Jigger Continues to Spread the Word some like me and many others, Our favorite unofficial ambas- H.L. Mencken Collection among stutter, and I do not care what sador, Leon “Jigger” Sirois (see many other fascinating resources, others think because I like my- Summer 2007 SFA Newsletter) at www.prattlibrary.org.) self how I am. I am who I am. continues to tirelessly heighten He also recently donated up- Every one has feelings and some awareness of the Stuttering dated resources to the Summers people’s feelings get hurt easily. Foundation and the resources and County Public Library in My feelings get hurt easily. So if help that are available. Hinton, West Virginia, and the people make fun of me, I just try Jigger shared with us that, St. Joseph County Public to stay away from them and “Stuttering has evolved into a Library in South Bend, Indiana. major gift for me. I wouldn’t In addition, Jigger is enthusi- sometimes I need someone to change it now even if I could astic about talking to people in talk to so I do not just go around go back.” However, until some every-day life, wherever he being upset. Instead, I have years ago, it was a difficult and meets them. And Jigger, the most someone to talk to and I am sometimes distressing burden. down-to-earth and personable happy about that. And with the He likened the struggle to guy you’d ever want to meet, Stuttering Foundation, I can see speak to trying to get “water doesn’t know any strangers. In a what other people have to say out of a faucet with the pump sort of “pay it forward” way, he about stuttering so I know that I turned off! I finally learned, will give resources to his swim- am not alone. the more ‘tricks’ you try in ming coach, the clerk at the elec- order to work around the stut- trical supply store, fellow Jillian tering, the more undue pressure Toastmasters, or his physician. Lantana, Fla. you put on yourself.” And they, in turn, tell others. Jigger is particularly passion- Jigger won’t take one ounce Overcoming “sticky” speech ate about getting SFA resources of credit for being an ambas- Dear SFA: into public libraries. Currently sador. He says, “Stuttering is a I don’t like to be “sticky” be- Jigger has made a donation to the complex affliction that makes cause I don’t like to say words Foundation to supply a complete people uncomfortable some- again. Sticky speech is what I call set of SFA books and DVDs to times.” Perhaps that insight into stuttering. I used to be like this: the Enoch Pratt Free Library in others, sort of a heightened “d-d-dog.” My speech teacher is honor of Theodore L. DeWeese, sense of others’ needs, is what M.D., Professor and Chairman, drives him, now that he can, to helping me learn what to do. Department of Radiation keep talking and helping. Stuttering isn’t so bad. Oncology and Molecular “Knowledge is the antithesis of Katelyn, 9 Radiation Sciences, Johns ignorance,” Jigger said. KeepK Hurricane, W.V. Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, talking, friend! and his staff. I feel very good... (Editor’s Note: See this his- Dear SFA: toric library, which houses the I don’t actually feel that angry about my stuttering. I don’t know why, but I feel very good about

my stuttering. I’ll try to stop stut- IMS photo. Used with permission. tering but if I don’t, it’s OK with me. Andres, 8 Lynwood, Calif.

ʻI take my timeʼ When I stutter, I feel sad be- cause I want to feel like I don’t want to stutter. Then everyone laughs at me, but when I take my time, I feel a whole lot better. Ryan K E-mail Years 60of Service 8 www.stutteringhelp.org 1-800-992-9392

MySpace is a place to call home on the Web WebComments notes from With the help of our friend Eva ing out physically. She is also www.stutteringhelp.org Woolwine as group leader, the pledging a sorority and studying Stuttering Foundation launched a hard to maintain top grades. FL … I am a SLP currently MySpace in October. And she still finds time to man- working with a teenage girl The purpose is to offer a place for age and enjoy the Stuttering who stutters and would like to teens and young adults who stutter Foundation’s MySpace page. give her some information to to go to share, “I was very read about stuttering specific get advice, ex- surprised to see to teenagers. It would help her change informa- how quickly so to know that sheK is not alone. tion, and find many people support. Eva joined,” Eva AZ … My daughter is almost 4 also shares her tells us. “Many years old and recently started to hope that this people have stutter a great deal. Up until now venue will offer sent messages she stumbled over a few words “…a great place telling me that but nothing like it is now. It's al- for non-stutter- they are most hard to understandK her. ers to learn thrilled there is about this mis- a group like NV … I would like some infor- u n d e r s t o o d this and that mation to provide to a parent of a challenge.” they have male 9 year old who stutters. If Eva has been a found support you have anything in Spanish, special friend of and help.” Eva that would be GREAT! Anything the Foundation also shared that you’ve got shouldK be helpful. since the sum- many people mer of 2005. MySpace members find support at: did not know NE … My 14 year old son has And special http://groups.myspace.com/ about the stuttered since before kinder- she is. stutteringfoundation S t u t t e r i n g garten. It has gotten progres- In addition Foundation and sively worse. Now he cannot to attending Northwestern State might not have found its re- answer the phone without long University in Alva, Oka., pursu- sources without logging in to its waits. Ordering in dinners is tor- ing a teaching degree in elemen- MySpace. ture. Not much available for tary education, Eva has many “I have updates planned for therapy in this area. Any help is other irons in the fire. As a pre- the page very soon and expect greatly appreciatedK vious contestant (and often win- it to continue to grow, offer- ner of) various beauty pageants, ing help, support, and comfort MN … I am 53 years old and she has her sights on the Miss to many people who stutter,” have a severe stuttering prob- Eva says. lem. I have suffered all my life Northwestern title. As an accomplished and sin- A win would send her on to and have tried speech therapy cerely terrific young lady who several times. I would give the Miss Oklahoma competi- just happens to stutter, we tion. Eva’s talent is magic, and know Eva will succeed at any- anything to be able to speak more fluently. K believe it or not, a successful act thing she puts her heart intoK takes a lot of practice and work- achieving. PA … My husband stutters and I have now noticed for the past 2 months that my 3 1/2 year old Grant Continued from front page a free copy of the DVD, Stuttering son is stuttering. I am asking for and Your Child: Help for Parents, two pamphlets one for my son the University of Illinois. A risk fac- and the response from physicians and one for my husband. tor chart helps physicians decide and their staff has been over- K when a child may be at risk and whelmingly positive. IL … My son is 3 years old and when to refer for treatment. “Early intervention is the name of began stuttering approx. 4 “Whenever I write up an evalua- the game,” said Lisa Scott, Ph.D. of months ago. He does not stutter tion on a preschooler, I always send The Florida State University. all the time, but I feel the along a copy (of this book) with my “Younger pediatricians are eager for amount he stutters has in- report to parents in the hopes that it more information on this topic, which creased and is more intense will also reach their pediatrician,” is rarely covered during their medical now. I just wanted some infor-K says Adriana DiGrande, M.S. school training. This nationwide mail-K mation on things we can do. The mailing included an offer for ing has filled an important need.” Years WINTER 2008 60of Service 9

Workshop attracts clinicians from around the world By Patricia Zebrowski The 2007 Workshop for Specialists brought together clinicians from Indiana, Kansas, Florida, South Carolina, New Mexico, Missouri, Wisconsin, China, Turkey, Argentina, Thailand, and Finland. As it has since its Iowa debut in 2003, the Workshop continues to Sally Pidge and Ponjit Waiting for the official Group photo without Parrish. have an international flavor, with Jithavech taking a photo of photo. American and international partici- the photographer. pants engaging in stimulating cross- cultural discussions about the treatment of stuttering. This year we were very fortunate to have Fran Cook and Willie Botterill from the Michael Palin Center in London, and Lisa Scott from The Florida State University (Class of 1998) as our guest speakers. In addition, as she did for our 2005 Workshop, 2003 alum Julie Gasway from Cedar Rapids came to talk with us about SpeechEasy and her experiences as a speech-language pathologist and SpeechEasy dispenser. In between class lectures and discussions we man- aged to fit in a number of outings, including dinner on pontoon boats on Lake McBride Front row: Sarah Myers, Dennis Cairns, Parrish Hill, Haiyin Huang. Middle row: Willie Botterill, Deborah Ostman (standing), Jane Fraser, Tricia Zebrowski, Frances Cook. Back for our last evening together. As row: Mara Luque, Ponjit Jithavech, Sanna Vehka-aho, Lia Raquel Bloj, Ann Webster, always, the Workshop was K a Deborah Rhein, Charlotte von Hertzen, Sally Pidge, Kay Darter, Stacey Simpson, Aksel highlight for us! Fikret Mehmet.

Stacey Simpson, Ann Webster, and Sanna Vehka-aho.

Deborah Rhein, Sally Fran Cook demonstrates prob- Pidge and Fran Cook lem solving. share a laugh.

Charlotte von Hertzen Sanna Vehko-aho, and Sara Dennis Cairns, Jane Myers Parrish Hill and Fran Fraser, Charlotte von Cook. Hertzen, and Kay Darter. Years 60of Service 10 www.stutteringhelp.org 1-800-992-9392

Neurological incidents from page 2 tors indicates that these traits were that these early incidents often re- not secondary effects of the stut- sult in mild traits of attention Of the 32 stuttering adults tering, but rather direct neurologi- deficits. This association further 41% showed childhood cal effects of the background fac- strengthens the likelihood that ADHD/ADD scores above the tors. However, it should be noted early neurological incidents actu- maximum score for the control that traits of ADHD often are ge- ally have a causal role in a substan- group. The high scores were re- netically transmitted, and results tial subgroup of developmental lated to the following aspects, from Oyler (1994) indicate that stuttering. The data from the recent in descending order: (a) being such traits in stuttering children study also suggest that genetic fac- inattentive, daydreaming; (b) may well be familiar. In other tors and early neurological inci- being tense, restless; (c) con- words, traits of attention deficits dents may have an additive effect. centration problems, easily dis- in stuttering children should not If this is the case, one would ex- tracted; (d) tendency to be or act be regarded as indications of neu- pect to find a continuum between irrationally; (e) anxious, worry- rological incidents. two hypothetical extreme groups ing; (f) hot- or short-tempered, What does "neurological inci- with "pure" genetic stuttering ver- low boiling point; (g) acting dents" imply? sus "pure" neurological incidents. without thinking, impulsive. If early neurological incidents The factors discussed above re- However, most of the stuttering are a factor behind some cases late to the biological basis for cases had scores below the level of stuttering, what does this stuttering. The possible influence for diagnosis of ADHD, mean- imply with regard to possible of the psychosocial environment ing that they showed some traits cerebral lesions? It is known during upbringing remains to be of ADHD or ADD but should that early neurological incidents established. not be regarded as having this may result in attention deficit There is a need for continued diagnosis. problems, related to the basal studies in this area, especially look- When splitting the stuttering ganglia system and the frontal ing at stuttering children and the group into two halves, with low lobe. Some of the incidents dis- risk for persistence of stuttering. versus high scores for child- cussed above were premature hood attention deficits, it was References birth, birth complications, and Alm, P.A. & Risberg, J. (2007). Stuttering clear that early neurological in- concussion. Both premature in adults: The acoustic startle response, tem- cidents were more common in birth and birth complications are peramental traits, and biological factors. the high-ADHD-group. The Journal of Communication Disorders, 40, 1-41. often related to hypoxia. The ef- Böhme, G. (1968). Stammering and cere- following list is a comparison fects of hypoxia depend on sev- bral lesions in early childhood. Examinations of various background factors eral factors, such as the degree, of 802 children and adults with cerebral le- in the group with high versus sions. Folia Phoniatrica, 20, 239-249. duration, if it is intermittent or Oyler, M. E. (1994). Vulnerability in stut- low ADHD/ADD scores (n = not, etc. The effects may be sub- tering children. Doctoral dissertation, 16 in both groups): tle, for example affecting the University of Colorado. UMI Microform, No. AAT9602431. a) Premature birth, average two dopamine system and resulting Poulos, M. G. & Webster, W. G. (1991). months: 3 versus 0 persons. in loss of neurons within the Family history as a basis for subgrouping peo- b) Other birth complications: 4 basal ganglia. In fact, the high ple who stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34, 5-10. versus 1 person. content of dopamine seems to Segalowitz, S. J. & Brown, D. (1991). Mild c) Head injury, resulting in un- make basal ganglia neurons es- head injury as a source of developmental dis- consciousness or medical care: 6 pecially sensitive to hypoxia. abilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 551-559. versus 1 person. There are indications that males West, R., Nelson, S., & Berry, M. (1939). The high and low ADHD may be more sensitive to early The heredity of stuttering. Quarterly Journal groups also differed with regard hypoxia than females. Also con- of Speech, 25: 23-30. to heredity: 13 cases showed cussion resulting in uncon- "only heredity", i.e., they had at sciousness might have subtle ef- Editor's Note: Given Dr. Alm’s least one stuttering relative but fects in this region of the brain, data and speculation, would we no report of early incidents. because of forces in the upper expect to see more stuttering in Eleven of these 13 cases were part of the brain stem. In gener- football players, boxers and soc- found in the low-ADHD/ADD- al, it seems as if lesions related cer players (the latter hitting the group. In contrast, 7 cases to stuttering typically do not af- ball with their head), especially showed "only neurological inci- fect intelligence. if these sports were begun early dents", i.e., no report of stutter- Summary in life? And what about all ing relatives but reports of early In summary, this study supports those knocks on the head most of physical incidents. Six out of previous studies reporting higher us experienced as children, why these 7 cases were found in the frequency of early neurological in- aren't more of us stuttering? high-ADHD/ADD-group. cidents in a stuttering group with- These and related issues seem The link between traits of out stuttering relatives. like intriguing possibilities re-K ADHD and the background fac- Furthermore, the results indicate quiring further study. Years WINTER 2008 60of Service 1-800-992-9392 11 CELEBRITY CORNER

FormerDave Taylor has beenHockey on the SFA’s clubPlayer in 1993. Inspires Ona significant and humanitarian Off contribution Ice list of “Famous People Who Stutter” In 1991, while still an active player, in his community. for many years, but probably few Taylor was honored with two awards by However, the year 1991 was most people know all of the unique accom- the , the Bill compelling in that on February 5 plishments of this former hockey Masterson Memorial Trophy and the Taylor scored his 1,000 career point, great who was born on December 4, King Clancy Memorial Trophy. The putting him into an elite group of 1955, in Levack, Ontario. Bill Masterson Memorial Trophy is NHL players throughout history. Taylor worked many summers as a awarded annually to the player who best Dave Taylor has always been open teenager in the nickel mines in his exemplifies the qualities of persever- about his stuttering. He has admitted hometown of Levack. He was a good ance, sportsmanship and dedication to in public that he once had to drop a player in his youth and even once beat hockey. The King Clancy Memorial class in college when he found out out Dale McCourt, a future first over- Trophy is awarded annually to the play- that an oral presentation was re- all pick in the 1977 NHL draft, for a er who best exemplifies leadership qual- quired. Also, early in his NHL career league scoring title. Taylor was ities on and off the ice and who has made Taylor when interviewed after games viewed as too light to play in amateur on the radio, Taylor would always hockey in Canada, so instead he took fake hyperventilation to guide him a scholarship to Clarkson College in to fluency. Taylor credits his tri- Potsdam, New York in 1973. Unlike umph over stuttering to his work today, very few college players made with famed SLP Vivian Sheehan in it into the National Hockey League. Los Angeles. Taylor set all the Clarkson scoring Taylor’s stutter- records and in his last year was named ing certainly did both an NCAA All-American and the not hold him ECAC player of the year. back after his re- After his outstanding college tirement in career, Taylor was selected in the 1994 as he fifteenth round as the 210th served from player overall. In those days, 1997 – 2006 as someone selected in the fif- the Kings’ teenth round never made it General Manager into the NHL. Some say his and Vice President; 150 pounds deemed him an he was named the NHL unlikely pro prospect. Executive of the Year for Taylor proved them wrong the 2000-2001 season by as he not only earned a spot the Hockey News. He now is on the Kings, but had an Director of Player Personnel outstanding rookie year in for the . Taylor 1977-1978 with 22 goals continues with his long-time and 21 assists. The next sea- Dave Taylor Golf Classic in Los son Taylor would start play- Angeles, which benefits the ing on famed “Triple Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Crown Line” with perenni- It is almost impossible in this al superstar era for someone to exclusively and top goal scorer Charlie play 17 seasons with the same Simmer. This trio tore up team in his career in the NHL the NHL for a few years. like Taylor did from 1977- The Kings became more 1994. Dave Taylor’s number popular in 1988 in the 18 was only the third number blockbuster trade that retired in brought superstar Wayne history. While videos of Gretzky to the Kings. Dave Taylor’s abilities on Taylor was definitely the the ice, both scoring and link between the “old guard” of the Los Angeles fighting, are available on Kings to the new “Gretzky YouTube, young people era” of the franchise. With who stutter will continue Gretzky leading the way, to be inspired by the Kings made the Taylor’s never-ending Stanley Cup finals for the triumphs over the first time in franchise his- odds. His enthusiasm tory during Taylor’s six- and dedication willK teenth season with the Photo provided by L.A. Kings never be retired. Years 60of Service 12 www.stutteringhelp.org 1-800-992-9392

Atypical cerebral laterality from page 3 there is strong evidence that adults therapy. We need to continue to with persistent developmental stut- examine competing theories of outer “linguistic” loop (speech- tering have anomalous anatomy in the etiological basis of stuttering. language areas) and an inner some speech, language, and motor We believe that Orton was wise to “phonatory” loop (motor regions). brain areas. There is controversy consider how central defects may The outer linguistic loop selects about whether one or several func- contribute to the ontogenesis of and monitors speech sounds; the tional-anatomical defects may rep- stuttering. It remains for modern- inner loop coordinates and acti- resent a “neural signature” of stut- day investigators to determine the vates the motor programs of the tering. Several “target” areas have qualitative as well as the quantita- vocal apparatus (see Alm, 2007 for been identified, and include the au- tive nature of those defects, how similar discussion of inner/medial ditory temporal cortex, supple- they might change over the lifes- and outer/lateral “loops” thought mentary motor areas, the cerebel- pan, and whether they exist for to be contributory to fluent and/or lum, and left hemisphere white most or differ among subgroups stuttered speech). Stuttering can matter pathways adjacent to the of people who stutter. be modeled as a momentary insta- motor speech and mouth area. bility in these systems when the REFERENCES timing between these two neural Alm, P. (2007). A new framework for un- derstanding stuttering: The dual premotor circuits is interrupted (see Smith, model. In J. Au-Yeung and M. Leahy (Eds.). Johnson, McGillem & Goffman, Research, treatment, and self-help in fluency 2000 for empirical attempts to Developmental disorders: New horizons (pp. 77-83). Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on measure “stability” in speech effects are critical to Fluency Disorders, Dublin, Ireland ISBN 978- movements and Smith & Kelly, study so that we can 9555700-0-1 1997, for discussion of Beal DS, Gracco VL, Lafaille SJ, De Nil “(in)stability” as a possible con- learn more about LF (2007). Voxel-based morphometry of au- ditory and speech-related cortex in stutterers. tributor to stuttering). compensatory brain Neuroreport, 18:1257-1260. Muscles that mediate speech changes... Brown S, Ingham RJ, Ingham JC, Laird functions (tongue, face, larynx) are AR, Fox PT (2005). Stuttered and fluent speech production: an ALE meta-analysis of paired structures. Muscles on the functional neuroimaging studies. Human right side receive input from the Brain Mapping, 25:105-117. left cerebral cortex (left hemi- Distinct features may be more Chang SE, Erickson KI, Ambrose NG, Hasegawa-Johnson MA, Ludlow CL (2007). sphere of the brain) and those on common in men versus women, Brain anatomy differences in childhood stut- the left side receive input from the and right versus left handers who tering. Neuroimage. Available online 13 right cerebral cortex. The impulses stutter. Furthermore, since most October, 2007 from the right and left hemispheres Cykowski MD, Kochunov PV, Ingham RJ, studies have not been conducted in Ingham JC, Mangin JF, Rivière D, Lancaster must be synchronized to assure both adults and children, it is un- JL, Fox PT (2007). Perisylvian sulcal mor- that speech production is fluent. certain whether some anatomical phology and cerebral asymmetry patterns in Orton (1927) originally suggested configurations may be distinct adults who stutter. Cerebral Cortex. Advance Access published on June 21, 2007. that this synchronization could hallmarks of the disease or more Foundas AL, Bollich AM, Feldman J, only occur if there was a “leading” reflective of compensatory or de- Corey DM, Hurley M, Lemen LC, Heilman hemisphere. velopmental changes in brain KM (2004). Aberrant auditory processing and atypical planum temporale in developmental The leading hemisphere would structure and function associated stuttering. Neurology, 63:1640-1646. then impose its timing patterns with experiences with stuttering Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. (1985). over the other hemisphere to pro- behavior. Cerebral lateralization: biological mecha- nisms, associations and pathology: A hypoth- duce fluent speech. Stuttering We speculate that there may be esis and a program for research. Archives of would result if the margin of dom- “biological subtypes” that differ Neurology. 42: Part I: 428-459; II: 34-552; III: inance was reduced. based on gender, hand preference, 634-654. Theoretically, disruption at any genetic factors, and stuttering Orton, S.T. (1927). Studies in stuttering. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, point within these two main neural severity. Developmental effects 18:671-672. circuits could induce stuttering by are critical to study so that we can Smith, A & Kelly, E. (1997). Stuttering: A disrupting the flow of information, learn more about compensatory dynamic, multifactorial model. In R. Curlee and G. Siegel (eds). Nature and treatment of which in turn would induce asyn- brain changes in contrast to more stuttering: New directions (pp.204-217). chronous activation of the paired biological, constitutional, intrin- Boston: Allyn & Bacon. muscles that mediate speech pro- sic or fixed deficits. It may be Smith, A., Johnson, M., McGillem, C. & that some brain anomalies can be Goffman, L. (2000). On the assessment of sta- duction. bility and patterning of speech movement. In this century many studies modified by specific therapeutic Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing have examined the anatomical treatments including the use of Research, 43, 277-286. basis of developmental stuttering, devices that alter auditory feed- Watkins K.E., Smith S.M., Davis S, Howell P (2007). Structural and functional ab- including several important studies back, pharmacological agents that normalities of the motor system in develop- published this year (see block dopamine uptake, cogni- mental stuttering. Brain Advance Access pub-K References). At this juncture, tive-behavioral and/or speech lished online October 10, 2007. Years WINTER 2008 60of Service 13

Temperament Continued from front page foods, or experiences, and re- motor profile. In other words, it’s spond to new stimuli by getting the emotional reactivity the child motorically tense. Once the child is born with, based on his biolog- “understands” the new stimulus, ical makeup. Personality, on the however, they will often then other hand, is how the child’s relax. Interestingly, when high- temperament is shaped by envi- reactive 11- to 15-year-olds com- ronmental influences. For exam- plete personality questionnaires, ple, children who are born with they will describe themselves as more inhibited personalities may worriers, more serious, and less be less likely to grow into anx- likely to smile or laugh than their A teacher stands outside a one-room peers. These self-reports were elementary school in the Valley of ious, introverted adults if raised San Carlos, near Viñales, Cuba. in a middle-class environment confirmed by observations of the versus those who are raised in researchers who interviewed the low-income environments. In children. Cuban Connection fact, Dr. Kagan emphasized that In contrast, children who are low- Dr. Frederick Murray is drawn although temperament is an in- reactive, or uninhibited children, are to Cuba. Since 2001, he has made herent biological trait, the child’s more social, exuberant, and likely to eleven visits! Through his numer- environment has been found to express positive emotions. ous visits to work primarily with have as much or more influence Compared to the high-reactive 11- the school system’s Head of on how the child develops than 15 year olds, low-reactive children Special Education, he has exam- does birth temperament. He cau- in this age group described them- ined the attitudes toward stutter- tioned against looking solely to selves as happy, easy-going, and ing and how stuttering is handled. genetics as explanation for human less serious than others their age. “It is my impression there is a behavior. The third factor, mood, Dr. Kagan went on to describe shift in how Cubans feel about results from a number of studies speech handicaps,” says Dr. is the child’s chronic emotional Murray after his recent fall trip. state such as happy, worried, or investigating whether differences between the groups exist in brain “They are becoming more en- serious, and is heavily influenced lightened and now have centers by the child’s temperament. function, heart rate, and on other physiological measures. He em- for help.” Evidence from twin studies re- Stuttering Foundation materials veals that an individual’s likeli- phasized the role of the amygdala, a brain structure that is responsi- are playing an important role in hood of inheriting a particular this shift. Dr. Murray makes a temperament is about 50%, but ble for the intake of sensory infor- mation and then acts like a “fire point of always taking Foundation temperament is not the only expla- brochures, DVDs and books with nation for our emotional lives. department” to send communica- tion to about 80% of the brain. him. In turn, the materials are Your temperament may bias you handed out to parents. to respond in certain ways, but Kagan and colleagues’ hypothesis is that high-reactive children in- Dr. Murray reports, “Self- your emotions and reactions are Therapy for the Stutterer herit a neurochemistry that takes is of par- also heavily influenced by the en- ticular interest to them. The SFA vironment around you. very little to fire up the amygdale, resources have helped them to noK Temperamental profiles are dis- which in turn creates tension in longer feel like a lost ship at sea.” tinct from one another rather than their bodies. He also shared his occurring on a continuum, and can hypothesis that high-reactive tem- be identified in children as early as peraments may be noted more fre- five months of age. Also, certain quently than other temperament developmental disorders, such as profiles in children who stutter, attention-deficit disorder, have those who exhibit selective their own temperamental profile. mutism, and those children who Dr. Kagan and colleagues have don’t make as much progress in studied two groups of children therapeutic relationships. extensively, those who exhibit ei- Dr. Kagan concluded his seminar Prof. Murray in an ther low-reactive or high-reactive by stating that our current under- area of Viñales where temperaments. High-reactive standing of temperament is equiva- tobacco is grown. children are those who would lent to how well diabetes was under- usually be described as inhibited stood in 1750; in other words, we or shy children. They demon- have much to learn about this impor- Dr. Murray, 79, strate high reactivity by being ex- tant developmental factor and its role hiking the Sierra Maestra tremely sensitive to anything new in how children develop and interactK Mountans in Cuba. such as new people, rooms, with their environments. Years 60of Service

Trouble at Recess from front page stutter.” Because it deals with problems that all children encounter, this book should have universal appeal. Editor’s Note: This book is a must- have for all kids and is sure to be Ka bestseller. Jamie’s speech-language pathologist Julie Gasway points to a poster of Trouble at Recess Our best wishes for at the ASHA convention. a happy new year!  The Stuttering Foundation’s Five Day The Eighth Oxford Dysfluency The SFA staff (front row, from left): Workshop, Cognitive Approaches to Conference, co-sponsored by the Stuttering Anne Edwards, Jane Fraser, Pat Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, will Foundation and the Michael Palin Hamm, Roberta Brugge. Back row: be in Boston, Mass., June 4- Centre for Stammering Children, will Susie Hall, Joan Warner, Terri Jones, Lisa Scott, and Lisa Hinton. Not pictured x 8, 2008. With Frances Cook, be held at St. Catherine’s College, MSc, Cert. CT (Oxford), Reg Oxford, July 3-6, 2008. It provides John Bell, Carol Ecke, Don Edwards, UKCP (PCT), Cert MRCSLT (Hons) and an ideal opportunity to meet people from all Joe Fulcher, Patty Reed, Renee Willie Botterill, MSc (Psych. Couns.), over the world who have an interest in stutter- Shepherd, and Scot Squires. Reg UKCP (PCT), Cert MRCSLT of the ing. Keynote speakers include: Professors Paul NEWSBRIEFSMichael Palin Centre for Stammering Dolan, Imperial College, London, Marc Shell, Children in London. Conference coordi- Harvard University, Patricia Zebrowski, This newsletter is published quarterly. nator is Diane Parris, M.S., of Boston University of Iowa and Dr. Per Alm, Danish Please [email protected]. address changes and University. Call 800-992-9392 or visit Information Centre for Stuttering. Visit story ideas to www.stutteringhelp.org and click on “Speech- www.odc.org. Volume17, Issue 1 language pathologists.” The Stuttering  Jane Fraser ...... Editor Foundation pays all tuition costs as well as European Symposium on Fluency Scot Squires ...... Writer/Designer room and board for this exceptional in-depth Disorders, focusing on the nature and treat- Patty Reed ...... Proofreader workshop. ment of stuttering, will be held at Special thanks to Joan Warner, Renee Lessius University College in Shepherd, Susie Hall, Pat Hamm, Lisa The Stuttering Foundation’s Five Day Mid- Antwerp, Belgium, on April 18 and 19, 2008. Hinton, Anne Edwards, and Carol Ecke. Atlantic Workshop, Treating Children and For a complete listing of keynote speakers, Adolescents Who Stutter, will be at Children’s seminar topics and presenters, as well as fees,K Hospital of Philadelphia, Pa., June 18-22, visit www.lessius.eu/symposiumstuttering. 2008. With Joseph Donaher, M.A., Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; The Stuttering Foundation of America is Lisa A. Scott, Ph.D., The Florida State Holiday Broadcast a tax-exempt organization under sec- University; and Kristin Chmela, M.A., Millions of shoppers na- tion 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Northwestern University. Call 800-992-9392 tionwide watched a Code and is classified as a private op- or visit www.stutteringhelp.org and click on erating foundation as defined in section “Speech-language pathologists.” Stuttering Foundation pub- 4942(j)(3). Charitable contributions and The Stuttering Foundation pays all tuition lic service ad when it aired several bequests to the Foundation are tax- costs as well as room and board for this excep- deductible, subject to limitations under times on QVC during the holidayK tional in-depth workshop. season. Thank you, QVC! the Code.

THE STUTTERING NONPROFIT ORG ᭨ US POSTAGE FOUNDATION PAID 3100 Walnut Grove Road, Suite 603 MEMPHIS, TN P.O. Box 11749 • Memphis, TN 38111- 0749 PERMIT # 2078

Years 60of Service