Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

ISSN 1848-6789

INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND FISHERIES

Biennial REPORT

2011 - 2012

www.izor.hr INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND FISHERIES

Biennial REPORT 2011 - 2012

Editor:

Ivona Marasović

Editorial board:

Branka Grbec Olja Vidjak Ante Žuljević

Contributors:

Ingrid Čatić, Vlado Dadić, Boris Antolić, Branko Dragičević, Jakov Dulčić, Živana Ninčević-Gladan, Vanja Čikeš Keč, Nada Krstulović, Grozdan Kušpilić, Jasna Maršić Lučić, Mira Morović, Vedran Nikolić, Mladen Šolić, Ivana Ujević, Melita Peharda Uljević, Gordana Beg Paklar, Ivona Mladineo, Damir Ivanković, Vesna Milun, Anita Marušić

Layout and design: Ante Žuljević

Split, February 2013.

ISSN 1848-6789

1 Contents

Preface 3 Institute of Ocanography and Fisheries 4 80 years of Acta Adriatica 7 Dr. Otmar Karlovac (1902-1980) – 110th Anniversary of birth 9 Mission and Vision of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries 10 Laboratory for Aquaculture 11 Laboratory for Benthos 15 Laboratory of Marine Microbiology 19 Laboratory for Ichthyology and Coastal Fisheries 23 Laboratory of Physical Oceanography 27 Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology 33 Laboratory of Fisheries Science and Management of Pelagic and Demersal Resources 37 Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity 41 Library of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries 45 Computing Center 46 Institute Core Projects 48 Institute Studies 72 Educational Activities of the Institute 75

2 PREFACE Over the past two years, despite the significant reduction of the research activities funding in the Republic of Croatia, the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries has operated successfully and achieved very good results in the scientific, developmental and educational field. This is confirmed by the three National Science Awards, which were assigned to the Institute’s scientists in 2011 and 2012 and the City of Split During this period, the Institute was the organizer of over ten Award for scientific research, awarded in 2011. Especially international conferences, among which the most important valuable recognition was given to the Institute in March 2012 was the international congress of the European Association when it was appointed by the Croatian Government a National of Fish Pathologists, which was attended by more than 200 Marine Reference Center of the Croatian Environment Agency. scientists from all over the world.

In the middle of 2011 the Institute became a member of The Institute also organized a dozen of international workshops the Marine Board of the European Science Foundation, with the participation of scientists from ten Mediterranean entering the exclusive club of European scientific and research countries. In 2011 and 2012 the Institute began working on institutions, which means that the value of this Institute is six new international projects, as well as on a dozen of the recognized at the international level, too. Very good results national ones, which secured the majority of funds for the were achieved in the education of young scientists, as in the scientific research. In fact the work on the international, but previous two-year period, eight research assistants completed also on the national projects, both fundamental and applied, successfully the doctoral studies and earned a PhD degree. is the only way to successfully pursue with the scientific work in the present circumstances. Consequently, the Institute is The scientific activity of the Institute in 2011 and 2012 was increasingly focused on the use of international funds, as due undertaken within about thirty national and international to the high cost of oceanographic research, the budget funding scientific-research projects, and the results of these activities for science is insufficient to conduct regular surveys at sea. are manifested through 110 scientific papers published in journals indexed in Current Contents database, as well as through a number of other scientific papers that were presented by the scientists of Institute at about fifty international conferences and published within the congress materials. Director of the Institute Prof. Ivona Marasović, Ph.D.

3 Institute of Ocanography and Fisheries Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split Telephone: +(385) (21) 408000 Fax: +(385) (21) 358650

Director of the Institute: Prof. Ivona Marasović, Ph. D. [email protected]

ORGANIZATION OF THE Institute At the Institute there are 100 employees of whom 54 belong to scientific staff, 16 associates, 6 crew members of a research vessel Bios 2, together with 24 members of the administrative and support staff.

Eight scientific research laboratories IT Services - Computing Center Library Editorial Board of Acta Adriatica Technical Service & Maintenance Research vessel Bios 2 Accounting Office General and Legal Affairs Office

4 Laboratory of Physical Oceanography - research done thermohaline properties of sea currents, surface waves, sea level changes, the emergence tidal waves under the influence of synoptic disturbances (meteo-tsunami) and the optical properties of the sea. Laboratory staff are working on the development of numerical hydrodynamic models, and improving measurement systems operational oceanography.

LABORATORY OF CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE SEA - conducts research chemical oceanography and sedimentology, study of nutrient cycles in the marine environment, and contamination with heavy metals and organohalogen compounds in marine organisms and sediment. Laboratory deals with sedimentology studies, including examination of grain size and redox potential of the sediment and organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment.

Laboratory of Marine Microbiology - explores the role of viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria and heterotrophic nanoplankton (composition, abundance, biomass, production and activity) in the pelagic food chain. In the issue of alien organisms, is conducted study on the indicators of faecal contamination in seawater and biota, and occasionally some groups of pathogenic microorganisms.

LABORATORY OF PLANKTON AND SHELLFISH TOXICITY - examines the role of phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, protozoa, and mikrometazoa mesozooplankton (primary production, abundance, biomass, chlorophyll a) in the pelagic food chain. Within shellfish toxicity issues, research is focused on composition and effects biotoxins which cause PSP, DSP, YTX, ASP toxicity, taxonomy and ecology of toxic phytoplankton.

LABORATORY FOR ICHTHYOLOGY AND COASTAL FISHERY - conducts research in the field of ichthyology and fisheries biology, ecology, fish, coastal fisheries, management and protection, as well as fishing gear and techniques. This research involves the study of systematics and zoogeography of fish, biology and ecology of plankton, juvenile and adult stages of fish, and the status of the Adriatic ichthyofauna assessment of living resources especially commercially important coastal fish species.

LABORATORY FOR BENTOS - examines the composition and distribution of benthic flora and fauna and the benthic animal communities. Of particular importance are studies on invasive species. The lab is developing methods for monitoring the state of the marine environment using bioindicators. The herbarium collection of algae is held; lab staff creates a basis of microscopic and underwater photography. Research on qualitative and quantitative composition of meiofauna in sediment and on vegetation is carried out.

LABORATORY FOR fisheries and management of demersal and pelagic SETTLEMENTS - engaged in research in the field of applied biology, ichthyology, ecology and population dynamics of the most economically important pelagic and demersal fish, cephalopods, crustaceans and shellfish. Special attention is given to the most sensitive areas of research, such as fry carp growing ponds and hatcheries of economically important species, as well as the deep Adriatic.

LABORATORY FOR AQUACULTURE - research conducted by the introduction of new species in aquaculture, which includes studies of the reproductive cycle, feeding and ecophysiology of juvenile and adults, but also zootechnics. The Laboratory is investigating diseases of marine organisms, and population-genetic studies of microsatellites in wild and farmed populations. Research also provided farming issues of bluefin tuna.

5 Research vessels

BIOS 2 - research vessel length is 36.60 m. It is designed according to the specific research needs of the Institute. It can accommodate up to 18 members of the research team. Six crew members look after the ship.

NAVICULA - boat length is 10.8 m, type Calafuria. This boat is used for smaller coastal research and service activities at the operational oceanographic equipment. inflatable boat - 3.80m long inflatable boat, type Mistral. Serves in numerous studies in the Split area and beyond for mapping the coast, transporting divers or collecting samples in the shallow areas of difficult access.

Real time measurement systems

Oceanographic station Punta Jurana System of oceanographic bouys Microbarographic measurements The station is located in front of the It consists of two oceanographic buoys, To detect high-frequency atmospheric Institute’building. The station sensors both designed and manufactured in phenomena that may have significant are for air and sea measurements. Croatia. One is located in central part impact on the sea, the measurements They measure the air temperature, of the bay, and the other after the frequency should be minute or second. wind direction, speed and gust annual general overhaul is planned to One such processes, which often occurs (speed is instantaneous, and gust be deployed in waters close to the island in the Adriatic is called meteorological is the maximum value between Vis. They are equipped for standard tsunami, which was the reason to two measurements), humidity, meteorological measurements and the place the microbarographs in Vis, rainfall and air pressure. Sensors in oceanographic sensors measure wave Vrbovska and Vela Luka. The core of the sea measure temperature and direction, temperature, salinity, dissolved the microbarographs is a Vaisalaa conductivity of the sea (salinity). oxygen, turbidity and chlorophyll in the pressure sensor, which allows 1 second http://www.izor.hr/web/guest/ surface layer of the sea and speed and measurement resolution, and has an postaja-punta-jurana direction of sea currents throughout the accuracy of 0.01 hPa. The data are water column. The total height of the transferred to the database of the buoy is 6 m, and weighs 1300 kg. Institute for Oceanography and Fisheries http://www.izor.hr/web/guest/ via internet. sustavoceanografskih-plutaca http://jadran.izor.hr/barograf/

6 80 years of ACTA ADRIATICA (1932.-2012.)

Prepared by Dr sc Jakov Dulčić

“Acta Adriatica” is the primary scientific publication withan international review, a long tradition, which the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split continuously published since 1932. Political and administrative circumstances have changed several times over the last eighty years period (swept through two wars and five states), but the main goal of publishing has always remained the same - the publication of scientific papers from different disciplines that help to better understanding of the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean. Journal has gained a great reputation, especially in the Mediterranean countries, because Croatian as well as foreign scientists in the fields that sea studies the (natural sciences, bio-sciences) show enormous interest to publish in Acta Adriatica. At the beginning Journal detergents and pesticides, the impact of humans and their was an internal newsletter of the Institute, and today it is activities on the marine ecosystem). What is necessary to respected journal which publishes the research papers by highlight is the fact that the first papers containing the first scientists and experts from almost all over the world. By the data on the dynamics of primary production in the Adriatic end of 2012 there were a total of 53 volumes with a total of were published in this journal, which in the sixties of the last 852 scientific papers written by over 900 authors. Types of work century to ensured exceptional visibility of Acta Adriatica at the that may be taken into consideration for the review process by international level. the Editorial Board of the journal are: a) the original scientific In our journal were published numerous papers dealing with papers, b) review articles, and c) short communications. The the biology and ecology of pelagic and demersal fish species, papers mainly comprise the given issues related to the Adriatic both in the Adriatic Sea, as well as those in the waters around and the Mediterranean Sea, but we also accept works that may the Mediterranean. In a number of works were presented include other areas or have a contribution of general interest the problems of fish diet, as well as problems in the fieldof (description of the new methodology, a description ofnew aquaculture, shellfish farming and fishing in the lagoon. species, etc). The journal is published semi-annually with the Among the published works can be found papers that deal with financial support of the Ministry of Science, Education and issues of the impact of certain fishing gear on the population Sports of the Republic of Croatia and is distributed through the status of fish and other marine organisms, as well as papers that exchange to 350 addresses of scientific institutions in Croatia present the results of the fish biomass estimates of indirect and and around the world. direct methods used in fishery biology. There are many articles on issues in physical oceanography from the area around the Topics of the Scientific Papers Adriatic Sea and parts of the Mediterranean (Egypt, Greece Out of the total number of papers published so far about 60% is and Turkey). Printed papers also include the issue of seasonal covering an area of marine biology (biology and ecology of fishes variation of the basic hydrographic properties in certain areas in the Adriatic and the Mediterranean, taxonomy and ecology and the impact of Levantine Intermediate Water (“Adriatic of plankton, marine microbiology); 16% covers the problems ingressions”) on hydrographic properties in the Adriatic Sea. of physics (physical oceanography) (seasonal and long-term fluctuations in temperature and salinity, temperature rise, There is a growing presence of multidisciplinary papers covering dynamic conditions, geostrophic flow, «upwelling “Adriatic issues of long-term trends and fluctuations of abiotic and biotic ingressions”, optics sea); 12% are dealing with issues of parameters in relation to the Adriatic ingressions. A certain importance to fishing (fish biomass estimates using direct and number of papers refer to optics of the sea and issues related to indirect methods, aquaculture, lagoon fisheries and shellfish), the dynamics of water masses are represented in more than 25 and 11% by chemistry and marine pollution (quantity and volumes of the journal. The spatial coverage of the entire area distribution of nutrients, eutrophication, heavy metals in of the Adriatic and the Gulf of Trieste until the Strait of Otranto seawater and sediments, the content of contaminants: oil, was carried out.

7 In Acta Adriatica, for the first time, were published the results of calculation of geostrophic currents in the Adriatic andthe eastern Mediterranean. The paper which shows the impact of the construction of the Aswan Dam on the fisheries and oceanographic features of the Mediterranean and the Adriatic has also been published. Inclusion of the world’s scientific courses requires the international visibility and recognition; therefore Editorial invested and continues to invest great efforts in order to get Acta Adriatica included in international databases, with published papers which become available to the general scientific community. The efforts result in success, and since 2007, the papers in the journal are indexed in a number of scientific journal databases such as: Agricola, ASFA (CSA) – Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts CSA, CAB Abstracts, CNRS - INIST, Dialog, DOAJ, EBSCOhost Fish & Fisheries Worldwide produced by NICS, South Africa, Georeference, HRČAK, ISI Web of Knowledge, Oceanic Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts Referativnij Zhurnal, WoS-Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS, Water Resources Abstracts and Zoological Record. Entry into international databases results with a significant response of the scientific community, and the number of papers that come to the editors is constantly increasing. It also allows Editorial stricter selection and consequently reduces the percentage of publications. All this leads to an increase in impact factor (Impact Factor), which first appeared in 2009 and it was 0,459, while for 2011 was 0,500. In addition, by the number of citations of articles from Acta Adriatica in SCI (Science Citation Index) Journal in the period (1975-2001) occupied second place (Andreis & Jokić,2008 *). Today, compared to all the Croatian scientific journals covering all scientific fields, Acta Adriatica is in fourth place, based on the criteria proposed by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia (personal communication). In the time of increased globalization, where scientific standards become almost equal there is a great interest to be chosen in a group of selected journals that are in the CC (Current Contents) database; to raise the quality even more and subsequently the citation (higher IF) and be able to give even better services for those who submit their papers to be published in Acta Adriatica. Yet despite all the changes and future aspirations the main goal of publishing Acta Adriatica remains unchanged: to publish high- quality papers on a multidisciplinary level, which will help to better understand the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean, and thus become even richer treasure of knowledge for these seas.

*Andreis , M. & M. Jokić. 2008. An impact of Croatian journals measured by citation analysis from SCI-expanded database in time span 1975–2001. Scientometrics, 75 (2): 263–288.

Changing of appearance of Acta Adriatica from 1930 to date.

8 Dr. Otmar Karlovac (1902-1980) – 110th Anniversary of birth

Prepared by Dr sc Jakov Dulčić

Dr. Otmar Karlovac (1902-1980) – 110th Anniversary of birth

Dr. Otmar Karlovac was born February 7, 1902 in Split, where he attended elementary and high school, and in 1919 he went to Belgrade and enrolled the group of biological sciences at the Faculty of Philosophy. After returning to Split, he was hired as a professor at the Classical High School, while simultaneously worked in the Biological Oceanography Institute in Split. During 1935, he was perfecting in the microscopic technique at the Morpho-biological Institute of the Medical Faculty. This was followed by employment in the City Museum of Natural History, the Zoo and Marine Aquarium in Split, first as a volunteer and then as Curator and Director of the institution from 1940 to 1946. Following that duty, Dr. Karlovac goes to work at the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split where he spent He has received from town of Split the Award for Lifetime his best years. In 1953 he has completed his doctoral studies in Achievement in 1971. In the scientific and professional work Belgrade with a defense of his Ph.D. thesis entitled: “Ecological he was thorough, an excellent fisheries biologist, educator and Study of prawns Nephrops norvegicus in the open waters of popularizer of biological sciences. He has published 66 titles, of the Adriatic Sea”. Shortly after his arrival to the Institute of which 29 original papers, 28 professional and 9 popular-scientific Oceanography and Fisheries in Split, Dr. Otmar Karlovac was works. In addition, he has also published 62 short articles on appointed as the Head the Laboratory of Ichthyobenthos and issues in fisheries and fisheries biology in two editions of the he held that job position until his retirement. Maritime Encyclopedia. His most important research includes: Together with Dr. Tonko Šoljan actively involved in organizing shrimp Neprohps norvegicus, small mollusks Latreilia elegans, and preparing Fishery-biological expedition Hvar, and from orange shrimp Stenopus spinosus, red shrimp Aristaeomorpha 1948 to 1949 takes over the whole organization of the field foliacea and golden shrimp Plesionika acanthoanatus. research activities. He was also the first Head of the public and Dr. Karlovac’s prominent researches were: study of three types the experimental aquarium at the Institute of Oceanography of diet family Scorpaenidae (Scorpaena scrofa S. porcus, S. and Fisheries. Dr. Karlovac was also Chairman of the Group ustulata) (together with Dr. Tonko Šoljan); investigation of early and to coordinate research at the General Fisheries Council for and adult stages of various species of fish(Boops boops, Lophius the Mediterranean, FAO, and the editor of the first and second piscatorius, Trachurus trachurus, Lepidopus caudate - along editions of the Maritime Encyclopedia. with Dr. Jožica Karlovac) and exploring of the Adriatic Sea sharks from families Squalidae.

Dr. Otmar Karlovac, Head of the Hvar Expedition, lists the inedible trawl catch.

9 Mission and Vision of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

Mission of THE Institute OF Oceanography and Fisheries is to be a center for scientific excellence within the area of marine research and marine fisheries, following the international research standards and respecting the specific interests of the Republic of Croatia. The mission of the Institute is accomplished through:

–– Strategic national and international scientific research, –– Research motivated by new ideas and curiosity, –– Professional activities, technological development and cooperation with economy, –– Conducting and maintaining of the oceanographic and fishery services, –– Education and transfer of knowledge.

Vision of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries is to be0 a national center for marine research and fisheries in the Republic of Croatia and to become an inevitable factor and center of the oceanographic and fishery research activities concerning the Adriatic Sea. Accomplishment of the Institute’s vision includes creation of the human and infrastructural capacities necessary for accomplishing the vision of the Institute and realization of the specific aims, especially the following ones:

–– Reinforcement of the quantity and quality of the research teams, –– Establishment of the new research activities based on multidisciplinary approach, –– Encouraging the mobility of the scientists, to and from the Institute, –– Strengthening of the professional and management staff, and the administrative support, –– Solution of the strategic infrastructural needs.

10 Laboratory for Aquaculture

Head of the Laboratory Taking into account the economic value of the tuna and the Prof. Ivan Katavić, Ph.D., Senior research scientist (katavic@izor. impact they may suffer from a poor diet, in the purchase of hr) - aquaculture, new species in mariculture frozen food it is especially important to check its safety based on the content of volatile amines. By the method of visual Staff observations the impact of tuna farms is estimated, as well as of Jasna Maršić Lučić, Ph.D., Senior associate, ([email protected]) - white fish and shellfish farms, on the natural ichtyopopulations aquaculture, population genetics of fish and shellfish that live in the vicinity. The spatial and temporal distribution Leon Grubišić, Ph.D., Senior research scientist (grubisic@izor. of natural populations is examined, their biodiversity and hr) - aquaculture, new species in mariculture, cryopreservation biometrics, and it is compared with habitats outside the of gametes impact of the farms. The genetic characterization of wild and Ivona Mladineo, Ph.D., Senior research scientist (mladineo@ farmed gilthead sea bream populations using microsatellite izor.hr) - ichtyopathology loci are in progress. Also, the population-genetic assessment of Mladen Tudor, Ph.D., Research associate ([email protected]) - commercially important fish species from the eastern coast of modeling of impact of aquaculture on the environment the Adriatic is investigated. Tanja Šegvić Bubić, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow ([email protected]) Laboratory conducts research on the diseases of marine - aquaculture, new species in mariculture organisms, with emphasis on parasitic diseases of fish and Ivana Lepen Pleić, B.Sc., research fellow ([email protected]) - fish shellfish in aquaculture, especially those with zoonotic immunology characteristics (Anisakis spp, Cryptosporidium spp.). Mladen Jozić, senior technician ([email protected]) The approach to research is holistic and includes the basic microscopic identification of parasites (light and transmission Overview of the laboratory activities electron microscopy), molecular identification and phylogeny

Within the Laboratory of Aquaculture research is focused on the issue of introducing new species in aquaculture with emphasis on high-value species: Pink dentex (Dentex gibbosus) and red scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa). A method is determined for collecting individual brood fish, their adaptability to conditions of captivity and feeding. Biotechnological research is based on the experiments concerning the possibility of cryopreservation of fish milt and production of polyploid, monosex or sterile culture materials. The farming of tuna (Thunnus thynnus) based on fishing is also covered by the research.

11 of the parasites (COX markers, ITS, rDNA), and the detection of pathological changes induced in the host (the classic histology, IHC, IF). To complete the picture of the effect of pathogens on hosts in the system of susceptible breeding in aquaculture, we have initiated a study of functional genomics of fish, with emphasis on the expression of genes involved in immune response (cytokines, Toll-like receptors, lysozyme) as well as indicators of stress genes (qPCR, microarray). One of the activities of the Laboratory of Aquaculture is also the mathematical modeling of the impact of fish farms on the environment. Two computer programs (TunaMod and AquaKult) are made and used in making the studies of environmental impact of tuna, gilthead sea bream and sea bass farms. Banner for the 15th international conference of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. The most important laboratory activities

In September 2011 Laboratory has organized 15th conference of the European Association of Fish pathologists that gather more than 200 delegates from countries from almost all around the world. Conference lasted five days and was preceded by workshop on the management of diseases in aquaculture, aiming to Croatian finfish and tuna farmers. Laureate for the Croatian National Award for Science, field biomedicine in 2011 was Ivona Mladineo, Ph.D.

Ongoing laboratory projects

Research of zootechnical and environmental conditions for fish and cephalopods farming Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project Leader: Ivan Katavić

Population-genetic assessment of fish species interested to sport - recreational fishing and aquaculture long the eastern Adriatic (greater amberjack, common dentex, sea bass and sea bream) Financed by: Croatian association for angling at sea Project Leader: Ivan Katavić

Interaction of wild tuna with purse seine catch Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, Fisheries Directorate Project Leader: Ivan Katavić

Monitoring of tuna fishing and farming Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, Fisheries Directorate Project Leader: Leon Grubišić Development of the Atlantic bluefin tuna: (a) embryo formed, appearance of Kupffer’s vesicle; (b) embryo 3 hours before hatching; (c) yolk-sac larvae 3 hours after hatching; (d) 1.5 dph yolk-sac larvae; (e) 2.5 dph larvae, mouth developed, first feeding; (f) 4 dph larvae. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

12 Using a stereoscopic camera in assessing farmed tuna Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja; Boban, Josip; Grubišić, Leon; Trumbić, Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Željka; Radman, Margita; Perčić, Marin; Čož-Rakovac, Rosalinda. Development, Fisheries Directorate 2012. Effects of propolis enriched diet on growth performance Project Leader: Leon Grubišić and plasma biochemical parameters of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) under acute low temperature Dynamic and pathology of parasitofauna in the cage-reared fish stress. Aquaculture Nutrition (In press). system Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Gračan, Romana; Buršić, Moira; Mladineo, Ivona; Kučinić, Project Leader: Ivona Mladineo Mladen; Lazar, Bojan; Lacković, Gordana. 2012. Gastrointestinal helminth community of loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, MikroTuna – new diagnostic tool for monitoring of diseases on in the Adriatic Sea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 99: 227-236. tuna farms Financed by: Croatian Business and Innovation Center BICRO Haenen, Olga; Mladineo, Ivona; Konecny, Robert; Yoshimizu, Project Leader: Ivona Mladineo M; Groman, David, Munoz, Pilar, Saraiva, Aurelia, Bergmann, Sven; van Beurden, SJ. 2012. Diseases of eels in an international AQUAMED: Future research of aquaculture in the Mediterranean perspective: Workshop on Eel Diseases at the 15th International region Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shellfish, Split, Croatia, Financed by: EU FP7 2011. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Project Leader: Ivona Mladineo 32: 109-115.

Parasite: Risk analysis of parasite and tool integration in EU fish Mladineo, Ivona; Petrić, Mirela; Hrabar, Jerko; Bočina, Ivana; production value chains Peharda, Melita. 2012. Reaction of the mussel Mytilus Financed by: EU FP7 galloprovincialis (Bivalvia) to Eugymnanthea inquilina (Cnidaria) Project Leader: Ivona Mladineo and Urastoma cyprinae (Turbellaria) concurrent infestation. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110: 118-125. Selected publications Mladineo, Ivona; Šimat, Vida; Miletić, Jelena; Beck, Relja, Poljak, Mladineo, Ivona; Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja; Stanić, Rino; Desdevises, Vedran. 2012. Molecular identification and population dynamic Yves. 2012. Pathogen transfer between wild and reared of Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae Dujardin, 1845) sea bream (Sparus aurata) population: morphological and isolated from the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) phylogenetic consequences. PLOS One, in press. in the Adriatic Sea. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 157: 224-229.

13 Šimat, Vida; Bogdanović, Tanja; Krželj, Maja; Soldo, Alen; Maršić Petrić, Mirela; Mladineo, Ivona; Krstulović Šifner, Svjetalana. Lučić, Jasna. 2012. Differences in chemical, physical and sensory 2011. Insight in the short-finned squid Illex coindetii properties during shelf life assessment of wild and farmed (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) feeding ecology: is there a gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Journal of Applied link between helminth parasites and food composition? Journal Ichthyology, 28 1: 95-101. of Parasitology, 97/1: 55-62.

Mišlov Jelavić, Krstina; Stepanowska, Katarzyna; Grubišić, Leon; Tański, Adam; Korzelecka-Orkisz, Agata; Grubišić, Leon; Tičina, Šegvić Bubić, Tanja; Katavić, Ivan. 2012. Reduced feeding effects Vjekoslav; Szulc, Joanna; Formicki, Krzysztof. 2011. Directional to the blood and muscle chemistry of farmed juvenile bluefin responses of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream tuna in the Adriatic Sea. Aquaculture Research, 43/2: 317-320. (Sparus aurata) fry under static magnetic field. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 14. Lepen, Ivana; Puzina, Jasna. 2011. Fish mapping of 18S-5.8S- 26S rRNA genes and fluorochrome banding in the triploid Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja; Grubišić, Leon; Karaman, Nikola; Tičina, viviparous onion Allium x Cornutum clementi ex visiani, 1842. Vjekoslav; Mišlov Jelavić, Krstina; Katavić, Ivan. 2011. Damages Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 53/1: 1–6. on mussel farms potentially caused by fish predation - self service on the ropes? Aquaculture (Amsterdam). 319 3/4; 497- Bošnjak, Ivana; Šegvić, Tanja, Smital, Tvrko; Franekić Čolić, 504. Jasna; Mladineo, Ivona. 2011. Sea Urchin Embryotoxicity Test for Determination of Environmental Contaminants – Potential Šegvić Bubić, Tanja; Grubišić, Leon; Tičina, Vjekoslav; Katavić, Role of the MRP Proteins. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 217: Ivan. 2011. Temporal and spatial variability of pelagic wild fish 627-636. assemblages around tuna fish farms in the Eastern Adriatic. Journal of Fish Biology. 78/ 1: 78-97. Mladineo, Ivona; Lovy, Jan. (2011): A new xenoma-forming microsporidium infecting intestinal tract of Atlantic bluefin tuna Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja; Lepen, Ivana; Trumbić, Željka; Ljubković, (Thunnus thynnus). Acta Parasitologica, 56: 339-347. Jelena; Sutlović, Davorka; Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Grubišić, Leon; Glamuzina, Branko; Mladineo, Ivona. 2011. Population Mladineo, Ivona; Zrnčić, Snježana; Lojkić, Ivona; Oraić, Dražen. genetic structure of the reared and wild gilthead sea bream 2011. Molecular identification of a new strain of infectious (Sparus aurata) in the Adriatic inferred with microsatellite loci. pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Croatian rainbow trout Aquaculture (Amsterdam), 318 3/4: 309-315. (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27: 1165-1168. Tičina, Vjekoslav; Grubišić, Leon; Šegvić Bubić, Tanja; Katavić, Ivan. 2011. Biometric characteristics of small Atlantic bluefin Mladineo, Ivona; Šegvić, Tanja; Petrić, Mirela. 2011. Do captive tuna (Thunnus thynnus, Linnaeus, 1758) of Mediterranean Sea conditions favor shedding of parasites in the reared Atlantic origin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27/4: 971-976. bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)? Parasitology International, 60:25-33.

14 Laboratory for Benthos Researchers from the Laboratory are also involved in applied investigations conducted by the Institute, such as monitoring Head of the Laboratory and ecological studies with the aim to determine possible Boris Antolić, Ph.D., Senior research associate ([email protected]) changes in the composition and distribution of benthos resulting – Phytobenthos, taxonomy, phytocenology from natural changes or anthropogenic impact. Important activity of the laboratory concerns the monitoring Staff of the appearance and spread of invasive benthic species and Ivana Grubelić, Ph.D., Senior research associate research of their biology and ecology in the new environment. ([email protected]) – Zoobenhtos, taxonomy, biology, ecology Another subject is qualitative and quantitative research of Ante Žuljević, Ph.D., Senior research associate ([email protected]) meiofauna composition in the sediment and flora, and various – Phytobenthos, invasive species, Natura 2000, education ecological aspects of this faunal component. Marija Despalatović, Ph.D., Senior research associate (mare@ Laboratory staff takes part in university teaching and actively izor.hr) – Zoobenthos, taxonomy, biology, ecology, biocenology participates in public education about the biology, ecology and Ivan Cvitković, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow ([email protected]) nature protection of the Adriatic Sea. – Zoobenthos, taxonomy, biology, ecology, meiofauna Vedran Nikolić, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow ([email protected]) Top activities – Macroalgae, seagrasses, taxonomy, ecology Srđana Rožić, B.Sc., Associate ([email protected]) – Water Framework Within the project of implementation of European Water Directive monitoring (seagrasses and macroalgae) Framework Directive in Croatia, researchers from the Laboratory intensively tested bioindicator methods that use phytobenthos Overview of the Laboratory’s activities as bioindicator of the coastal water quality in the middle and south Adriatic Sea. Methods like CARLIT (Cartography of Laboratory for Benthos investigates composition and littoral rocky-shore communities), POMI (Posidonia oceanica distribution of benthic communities (flora and fauna) along the eastern Adriatic coastmateju. The research is based on field sampling (SCUBA divers, drag, bottom trawl, grab, corer) and processing of collected samples in the laboratory (microscopic analysis, chemical and molecular-genetic analysis). Basic taxonomic research is finalized with inventory lists of algae and invertebrates which serves as a baseline for applied research in benthic ecology. Photography and videorecording (in situ or in the laboratory) of benthic organisms and biological processes are one of the basic methods for research and documentation.

15 Multivariate Index) and CYMOX (Cymodocea nodosa index) have been successfully implemented into the national monitoring and the results will also be used within the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Collaboration with the majority of laboratories for benthos from the Mediterranean Sea is established through several international projects in which our laboratory actively participates. One of the most important international projects is the research of biodiversity and ecology of the brown algae in the eastern Mediterraenan Sea which is funded by the Foundation Total. We have started the organisation and digitalization of the herbarium collection which now has over 4000 categorized herbarium sheets. The newly organized computer database of photographs contains over 25000 microscope photos and over 60000 photographs taken during the fieldwork. The red list of marine macroalgae and seagrasses has been compiled according to IUCN guidelines, and the inventory list of echinoderms.

Ongoing laboratory projects

Biodiversity of benthos in the middle Adriatic Sea Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project leader: Boris Antolić

Brown algal biodiversity and ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Financed by: TOTAL Foundation Project leader: Prof. Christos Katsaros Fieldwork for the implementation of CYMOX bioindicator method

Seagrass productivity: From genes to ecosystem management PERSEUS (Policy-orientated marine Environmental Research for Financed by: COST (European Cooperation in Science and the Southern European Seas) Technology) Financed by: EU FP7 Project leader: Prof. Rui Santos National coordinator: Ivona Marasović National representatives: Vedran Nikolić and Ante Žuljević Initial assessment of the state and pressures on Croatian part Characterization of the area, drafting of monitoring program of the Adriatic Sea and execution of monitoring of water quality in transitional and Financed by: Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection coastal waters in the Adriatic Sea, according to the requirements Project leader: Nada Krstulović of the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Financed by: Croatian Waters Biological Baseline Survey Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Financed by: Ministry of maritime affairs, transport and infrastructure SOLEMON (Solea monitoring) project Project leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan Financed by: FAO ADRIAMED Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč and Marija Despalatović, national Analysis of the impact of petroleum product storage and ballast coordinators waters to the marine environment and the living resources of the Kaštela Bay Financed by: HANDA (The Croatian Compulsory Oil Stocks Agency) Project leader: Ivona Marasović 16 Recent publications

Despalatović M, Cvitković I, Žuljević A, Grubelić I, Piccinetti C.(2012) Distribution and abundance of the knobby swimcrab, cropipus tuberculatus (Roux, 1830) (Decapoda, Portunidae), in the northern and middle Adriatic Sea. Crustaceana 85 (7): 835- 845.

Puizina J, Despalatović M, Vladislavić N, Šamanić I, Cvitković I. Fieldwork for the implementation of CARLIT method. (2012) Characterization of potential marine invasive mollusc Siphonaria pectinata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in the Adriatic Sea using molecular markers – preliminary results. Vie et milieu – life and environment 62 (2): 61-68.

Mascaró O, Alcoverro T, Dencheva K, Díez I, Gorostiaga J M, Krause-Jensen D, Balsby TJS, Marbà N, Muxika I, Neto JM, Nikolic ́ V, Orfanidis S, Pedersen A, Pérez M, Romero J. (2012) Exploring the robustness of macrophyte-based classification methods to assess the ecological status of coastal and transitional ecosystems under the WFD. Hydrobiologia, DOI 10.1007/ s10750-012-1426-0 Sampling in Ploče city harbour for the project Biological Baseline Survey. Mascaró O, Bennett S, Marbà N, Nikolić V, Romero J, Duarte CM, Alcoverro T. (2012) Uncertainty analysis along the ecological quality status of water bodies: the response of the Posidonia oceanica multivariate index (POMI) in three Mediterranean regions. Marine pollution bulletin 64: 926-931

Žuljevic A, Thibaut T, Despalatović M, Cottalorda JM, Nikolić V, Cvitković I, Antolić B. (2011) Invasive alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea makes a strong impact on the Mediterranean sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus. Biological invasions 13 (10): 2303-2308

Cvitković I, Travizi A, Despalatović M, Grubelić I, Bogner D, Nikolić V, Žuljevic A, Antolić B. (2011) Spatio-temporal variability of meiofauna community structure in abandoned salina of Velike soline and adjacent area (Mediterranean, Adriatic sea). Fresenius environmental bulletin 20 (3): 645-655

Antolić B, Špan A, Žuljevic A, Nikolić V, Grubelić I, Despalatović M, Cvitković I. (2011) A checklist of the benthic marine macroalgae from the eastern Adriatic coast: III. Rhodophyta 1: Ceramiales. Acta Adriatica. 52 (1); 67-86

Sampling in the Ionian Sea for the project Brown algal biodiversity and ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

17 Žuljevic A, Antolić B, Nikolić V, Despalatović M, Cvitković I. (2012) Absence of successful sexual reproduction of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the Adriatic Sea. Phycologia 51 (3): 283-286

Doctoral disertations

Nikolić Vedran (2012). Macroalgal communities as bioindicator of ecological status of coastal waters in the Adriatic Sea. Doctoral disertation, University of Zagreb: Faculty of Science. 176 pp. (mentor Boris Antolić) Cvitković Ivan (2011). Influence of invasive alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh on structure and dynamic of meiofauna in phytal and sediment. Doctoral disertation. University of Zagreb: Faculty of Science, 145 pp. (mentor: Travizi, Ana).

Selected links www.izor.hr/kaulerpa

Labaratory of Bentos’s herbarium base, counting over 4000 scanned herbarium sheets.

18 Laboratory of Marine Microbiology

Head of the laboratory indicators in sea water and organisms (especially shellfish) Prof. Nada Krstulović, Ph. D., Senior research scientist and occasionally, of some groups of patogenic microorganisms ([email protected]) - ecology of marine microorganisms, pelagic as well, is being monitored. The results of these studies are microbial trophic chain, sanitary aspects of marine microbiology essential for assessing the sanitary quality of water and marine organisms and potential risks to human health. Research of Staff microorganism survival in the marine environment, and the Prof Mladen Šolić, Ph. D., Senior research scientist (solic@ rate of their concentration in shellfish in different enviromental izor.hr) - ecology of marine microorganisms, pelagic microbial conditions, is also being carried out. Within this issue, trophic chain, sanitary aspects of marine microbiology Laboratory of Microbiology organizes national and international Stefanija Šestanović, Ph. D., Research Associate ([email protected]) workshops related to the introduction of new methods and – bacterial biomass and production in training in their implementation. Laboratory of Microbiology is marine sediments, trophic relationships in microbial the authorized research laboratory for testing and evaluation communities of marine sediments of water quality, according to the resolution of the Ministry of Danijela Šantić, Ph. D., Research Associate ([email protected]) – Regional Development, Forestry and Water Economy of the trophic and size structure of marine microbial communities Republic of Croatia, the Board of Water Management (Class: Slaven Jozić, Ph. D. – Associate ([email protected]) UP/Io-034-04/08-01/16; URBROJ: 538-10/1- 4-64-08/6; of 10th Mate Pavlović, Technician of December 2008. In the framework of the cooperation with the Croatian Minis- Overview of the laboratory activities try of Environmental and Nature Protection we would like to stress activities of the scientists in the working groups dealing Work of the Laboratory of Microbiology includes research with the preparation of directives and documents related to of ecology of marine microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic nanoplankton), as well as research of allochthonous microorganisms which from different sources enter the marine environment. Field of marine microorganisms ecology includes research of microbial community structure (composition, number, biomass, production and activity), and the role of microbial trophic web in the flow of matter and energy through the pelagic ecosystem. Given the importance of bacteria in biogeochemical processes in the sea, research of numbers and biomass of bacteria have recently been carried out in the sediment as well. As part of the allochthonous microorganisms research, the presence of fecal pollution

19 Ongoing laboratory projects

Role of plankton communities in the energy and matter flow in the Adriatic Sea Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project Leader: Nada Krstulović

Residence time of bacteria Escherichia coli in seawater and marine organisms Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project Leader: Mladen Šolić

Fluorescence microscopy (left). Flow cytometry: bacteria with high (HNA), and low (LNA) DNA content (right). Initial assessment of the state and pressures on Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea Financed by: Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection Project leader: Nada Krstulović

Monitoring of the environmental impact of the submarine outfall Stobreč Financed by: Water and Sewage Company of Split Project Leader: Nada Krstulović

Environmental Impact Assessment “Hotel and apartment complex with mooring Vela Borovica, community Marina” Financed by: Vela Borovica koncern d.o.o. Viral production in the Kaštela Bay. Project Leader (Part: Marine Environment): Mladen Šolić

Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern the Adriatic protection. Some scientists of the Laboratory were EUropean Seas (PERSEUS) very active as experts at the consultation meetings of the WHO/ Financed by: EU Seventh Framework Project (FP7-OCEAN-2011) UNEP for the finalization and approval of criteria and standards Project leader: Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) for bathing waters along with beach profiles. In the framework Project leader in IOF: Ivona Marasović of these activities pilot project „Beach Profile for Coastal Bath- For details, see the Laboratory of plankton and shellfish toxicity ing Waters in the Mediterranean: Beach profile of five beaches in the Republic of Croatia” was prepared taking into consider- Determination of transitional and coastal shellfish waters under ation the WHO guidelines which are in conformity with the new Directive 2006/11/EC EC directive and were considered as a step forward in moni- Financed by: Hrvatske vode toring bathing waters particularly in applying the proposed Project leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan methodology for completing the coastal water quality profiles in Croatia related to the obligation according Directive of the Quality control of the Coastal Adriatic Sea (Pag-Konavle Project) bathing water quality. In the period 2011-2012 some scientists Financed by: Water Protection Division, Croatian Waters of the Laboratory were included in the number of activities on Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić the implementation of Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Within the framework of these activities some scientists of lab- Systematic Investigation of Transitional and Coastal Waters oratory were engaged in the process applying Ecosystems Ap- Quality during the period 2012-2013 proach in the Mediterranean Sea within the BC/MAP Project Financed by: Water Protection Division, Croatian Waters which is driven by contracting parties. Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić

20 Publications Chapters in books

PhD Theses Šantić, D. & N. Krstulović. 2011. Identification and characterisation of microbial populations using flow cytometry Šantić, D. 2010. Raspodjela i aktivnost prokariotskih in the Adriatic Sea. In: Flow Cytometry/ Book 1. Schmid Ingrid mikroorganizama u području srednjeg i južnog Jadrana. (ed) In Tech. ISBN 979-953-307-355-1. Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Zagrebu. 165 str. (voditeljica Nada Krstulović) Šolić, M., N. Krstulović, D. Šantić, S. Šestanović. 2012. Kaštela Bay and Stončica (Sites 60-61). In: O’Brien, T.D., W.K.W. Li, X.A.G. Carić, H. 2011. Model vrednovanja onečišćenja u funkciji Moran (Eds), ICES Phytoplankton and Microbial Plankton Status upravljanja morskim okolišem – primjer crusing turizma. Report 2009/2010. ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 310. Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Splitu. 186 str. (voditelji 196 pp: 150-152. SBN 978-87-7482-115-1. Mladen Šolić i Maja Fredotović) Collos, Y., M. Gasol, M. Šolić, D. Soudant, A. Zingone. 2012. Ordulj, M. 2012. Raspodjela i aktivnost virusa na području Phytoplankton and Microbial Plankton of the Mediterranean srednjeg i južnog Jadrana. Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Sea. In: O’Brien, T.D., W.K.W. Li, X.A.G. Moran (Eds), ICES Splitu. 149 str. (voditeljica Nada Krstulović) Phytoplankton and Microbial Plankton Status Report 2009/2010. ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 310. 196 pp: 136-37. SBN Jozić, S. 2012. Vrijeme zadržavanja indikatora fekalnog 978-87-7482-115-1. onečišćenja u moru i morskim organizmima. Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Splitu, 118 str. (voditelj Mladen Šolić)

Books

Šolić, M. 2012. Umijeće življenja: Iz kuta jednog ekologa. Izvori, Zagreb, 330 str.

21 Research papers

Kušpilić, G., I. Marasović, N. Krstulović, M. Šolić, Ž. Ninčević- Krstulović, N., M. Šolić, D. Šantić, S. Šestanović, G. Kušpilić, Gladan, N. Bojanić, O. Vidjak, S. Matijević. 2010. Restoration N. Bojanić. 2011. Responses of microbial food web to potential of eutrophic waters adjacent to large cities: eutrophication decreasing. Proceedings of the Tenth Conference lessons from the coastal zone of Croatia // Proceedings of on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment, MEDCOAST 11 the International workshop on the Impact of large coastal Erdal Ozhan (ed.). Rhodes, Mediterranean Coastal Foundation, Mediterranean cities on marine ecosystems, Alexandria, Egypt 2011, 2: 533-543. - 10-12 Feb. 2009 / Angelidis, Michael ; Briand, Frederic ; Cadiou, Jean-Francois ; Kholeif, Suzan ; Oh, Jae ; Rodriguez Y Bojanić, N., O. Vidjak, M. Šolić, N. Krstulović, I. Brautović, S. Baena, Alessia ; Scoullos, Michael (ur.). La Seyne/Mer (France) Matijević, G. Kušpilić, S. Šestanović, Ž. Ninčević Gladan, I. : Imprimerie MARIM - 83000 Toulon (France), 2010, 117-120. Marasović. 2012. Community structure and seasonal dynamics of tintinnid ciliates in Kaštela Bay (middle Adriatic Sea). Journal Šantić, D., N. Krstulović, M. Šolić, G. Kušpilić. 2011. Distribution of plankton research. 34: 510-530. of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus in the central Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 52: 101-113. Šantić, D., N. Krstulović, M. Šolić, G. Kušpilić. 2012. HNA and LNA bacteria in relation to the activity of heterotrophic bacteria. Krstulović, N., M. Šolić, D. Šegvić, S. Šestanović, G. Kušpilić. Acta Adriatica, 53: 25-40. 2011. Praćenje utjecaja podmorskog ispusta Stobreč na okoliš. Hrvatske vode, 19: 127-132. Šantić, D., N. Krstulović, M. Šolić, M. Ordulj and G. Kušpilić. .2012. Dynamics of prokaryotic picoplankton community in the Šolić, M., N. Krstulović, D. Šantić, S. Šestanović, G. Kušpilić, central and southern Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Helgoland Mar Res. N. Bojanić. 2011. Inter-annual variability in the bottom-up DOI: 10.1007/s10152-012-0336-x and top-down control of bacteria in the middle Adriatic Sea. Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on the Mediterranean Jozić, S., Šolić, M. and N. Krstulović. The accumulation of Coastal Environment, MEDCOAST 11 Erdal, Ozhan (ed.). Rhodes, the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in mussels (Mytilus Mediterranean Coastal Foundation, 2011, 2: 545-556. galloprovincialis) and oysters (Ostrea edulis) under experimental conditions. Acta adriatica. (u tisku).

Impact of UVA spectrum of solar radiation on the survival of E. coli. The ratio of the concentration of E. coli in mussels and seawater.

22 Laboratory for Ichthyology and Coastal Fisheries

Head of laboratory Overview of the laboratory activities Jakov Dulčić, Ph. D., Senior research scientist ([email protected]) – fish fry, population dynamics, systematics, biology and ecology Scientists of this laboratory are engaged in research of of fishes, Adriatic ichthyofauna biodiversity, invasive species ichthyology, fisheries biology, and ecology, coastal fisheries, management and conservation, fishing gears and fishing Staff techniques. This research includes the study of systematics and zoogeography of fishes, biology and ecology of plankton, Miro Kraljević, Ph. D., Senior research scientist (kraljevic@izor. juvenile and adult fish stages, status and evaluation of the hr) – fish fry, population dynamics, mariculture, nutrition Adriatic ichthyofauna, especially the commercially important Armin Pallaoro, Ph. D., Senior research scientist (pallaoro@izor. species, as well as effectiveness assessment of resources’ hr) – systematics, biology and ecology of fishes, coastal fisheries protection in marine protected areas. Special attention is given Sanja Matić Skoko, Ph. D., Senior research scientist (sanja@izor. to population dynamics of the coastal fish species and the hr) – fish fry, population dynamics, systematics, coastal fisheries, impact of coastal fisheries on fish, crustacean and cephalopod biology and ecology of fishes, management and protection of populations. coastal resources Regarding fishing gear and techniques, field of research Pero Tutman, Ph. D., senior research associate (tutman@izor. encompasses methods and purposes of fishing, catchability, hr) – fish fry, population dynamics, systematics, biology and selectivity and harmfulness of certain tools used in coastal ecology of fishes, Dubravka Bojanić Varezić, Ph. D., Postdoctoral fellow (dbojanic@ izor.hr) – zooplankton, ichthyoplankton, fish diet Branko Dragičević, Ph. D., Postdoctoral fellow (brankod@izor. hr) – biology and ecology of fishes, coastal fisheries, invasive species Nika Stagličić, Research fellow ([email protected]) – fish biology, coastal fisheries, marine protected area Robert Grgičević, Associate ([email protected]) – coastal fisheries

23 fisheries. In recent years, laboratory is engaged in monitoring the impact of global climate change on the diversity of fishes and other marine organisms. Also, in the last three years the Laboratory was deeply involved in researching the effectiveness assessment of protected marine areas in terms of coastal recovery of fish communities, but also the potentials for establishing new marine reserves. Activities of the Laboratory are supported by various national and international projects. It is important to emphasize that the Institute regularly conduct those studies of coastal ichthyofauna during past 65 years. Also, there is very proper collaboration with marine biologists from neighbouring countries, who as postdoctoral students or within Fulbright scholarships are often involved in our studies.

The most important activities of the laboratory

Besides a number of published papers resulting from ongoing Figure 2. Cover of the book “History scientific projects, the results of research were used as a basis in making research of the Adriatic Sea”. key documents for rational management of living resources of the Adriatic Sea (Strategy for Fisheries, Marine Fisheries Act Two books “The new fishes from the Adriatic and Mediterranean and accompanying regulations). Scientists are actively involved Sea “ (Figure 1) and “History of natural science Research of the in the development management plans of active fishing gears. Adriatic Sea “ (Figure 2), whose co-authors are members of the Laboratory participates in monitoring of coastal fisheries Laboratory, were promoted. Employees were participating in (PRIME). the organization and leadership of the international workshop “AdriaMed Technical Meeting on Small Scale Fisheries in the Adriatic Sea “, which was held in Split, 13 - 14 November, 2012.

Ongoing laboratory projects

Management of living marine resources and biodiversity in the Croatian coastal areas Financed by: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Republic of Croatia Project coordinator: Jakov Dulčić

Control of the coastal waters (Project Vir-Konavle) Financed by: Croatian waters, Department for Water Protection Project coordinator: Grozdan Kušpilić

Characterization of the area and making of programme proposals and monitoring water status in transitional and coastal waters of the Adriatic Sea, according to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Financed by: Croatian Waters Project coordinator: Grozdan Kušpilić

Figure 1. Cover of the book “New fishes from the Adriatic Framework for data collection in fisheries of RH - (OPP) and Mediterranean Sea“. Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Croatia Project coordinator: Jakov Dulčić

24 Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Ferri, Josipa; Kraljević, Miro; Pallaoro, Armin. 2012. Age estimation and specific growth pattern of boxlip mullet, Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) in the eastern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28 (2): 182-188.

Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Ferri, Josipa; Tutman, Pero; Skaramuca, Daria; Đikić, Domagoj; Lisičić, Duje; Franić, Zdenko; Skaramuca, Boško. 2012. The age, growth and feeding habits of the European conger eel, Conger conger (L.) in the Adriatic Sea. Mar. biol. research 8, 1012-1018.

Selected publications Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Stagličić, Nika; Pallaoro, Armin; Kraljević, Miro; Dulčić, Jakov; Tutman, Pero; Dragičević, Branko. 2011. Books Effectiveness of conventional management in Mediterranean Dulčić, J., Kršinić, F. 2012. Povijest prirodoznanstvenih type artisanal fisheries. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science 91 istraživanja Jadranskoga mora. HAZU i IOR, pp. 211. (2): 314-324. Papers Codinal, E.; Kéver, Loïc; Compère, Philippe; Dragičević, Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Tutman, Pero; Petrić, Mirela; Skaramuca, Branko; Dulčić, Jakov; Parmentier, Eric. 2012. The barbel-like Daria; Đikić, Domagoj; Lisičić, Duje; Skaramuca, Boško specialization of the pelvic fins in Ophidion rochei (Ophidiidae), 2011. Mediterranean moray eel, Muraena helena (Pisces: Journal of morphology 27 (12): 1367-1376. Muraenidae): biological indices for life history. Aquatic biology 13( 3): 275-284. Dulčić, J.; Tutman, P.; Matić-Skoko, S.; Glamuzina, B.2011. Six years from first record to population establishment : the case Stagličić, Nika; Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Pallaoro, Armin; Grgičević, of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (Brachyura, Robert; Kraljević, Miro; Tutman, Pero; Dragičević, Branko; Portunidae) in the Neretva River delta (South-eastern Adriatic Dulčić, Jakov. 2011. Long-term trends in the structure of eastern Sea, Croatia). Crustaceana (Leiden) 84:1211-1220. Adriatic littoral ﬁsh assemblages: Consequences for ﬁsheries management. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science 94 (3): 263- Dulčić, Jakov; Tutman, Pero. 2012. Northernmost record of 271. the shamefaced crab Calappa granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Brachyura: Calappidae) in the Mediterranean area. Crustaceana Dulčić, Jakov; Dragičević, Branko. 2011. First record of the (Leiden) 85 (4/5):601-606. Atlantic tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790), in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27 (6): 1385-1386. Tzanatos, E., Castro, J., Forcada, A., Matić-Skoko, S., Gaspar, M., Koutsikopoulos, C., 2012. A Métier-Sustainability-Index Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Ferri, Josipa; Škeljo, Frane; Bartulović, (MSI25) to evaluate fisheries components: assessment of cases Vlasta; Glavić, Katarina; Glamuzina, Branko. 2011. Age, growth from data-poor fisheries from southern Europe. ICES Journal of and validation of otolith morphometrics as predictors of age in Marine Science; doi.10.1093/icesjms/fss161. the forkbeard, Phycis phycis (Gadidae). Fisheries research 112 (1/2): 52-58. Ferri, Josipa; Stagličić, Nika; Matić-Skoko, Sanja. 2012. The black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus (Scorpaenidae): could it serve as reliable indicator of Mediterranean coastal communities’ health? Ecol. indicators. 18: 25-30.

Kéver, L.; Boyle, Kelly S.; Dragičević, B.; Dulčić, J.; Casadevall, M.; Parmentier, E. 2012. Sexual dimorphism of sonic apparatus and extreme intersexual variation of sounds in Ophidion rochei (Ophidiidae): first evidence of a tight relationship between morphology and sound characteristics in Ophidiidae. Front. In Zool., 9 (34): 1-16.

25 Paranthias furcifer - new allochthonous species recorded in the Adriatic Holacanthus ciliaris – new allochthonous species recorded in the Sea Adriatic Sea

Dulčić, Jakov; Pallaoro, Armin; Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Dragičević, Bartulović, Vlasta; Dulčić, Jakov; Bogut, Ivan; Pavličević, Jerko; Branko; Tutman, Pero; Grgičević, Robert; Stagličić, Nika, Bukvić, Hasković Edhem; Glamuzina, Branko. 2011.First record of the Višnja; Pavličević, Jerko; Glamuzina, Branko; Kraljević, Miro. freshwater bream, Abramis brama in the river Mala Neretva, 2011. Age, growth and mortality of common two-banded Adriatic drainage system of Croatia. Cybium 35 (2):165-166. seabream, Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817), in the eastern Adriatic Sea (Croatian coast). Journal of Applied Matić-Skoko, S.; Tutman, P.; Dulčić, J.; Prusina, I.; Đođo, Ž.; Ichthyology 27(5): 1254-1258. Pavličević, J.; Glamuzina, B. 2011. Growth pattern of the endemic Neretvan roach, Rutilus basak (Heckel, 1843) in the Hutovo Kožul, Valter; Glavić, Nikša; Tutman, Pero; Bolotin, Jakša; Onofri, Blato wetland. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27 (3):813-819. Vladimir. 2011. The spawning, embryonic and early larval development of the green wrasse Labrus viridis (Linnaeus, Dulčić, Jakov; Dragičević, Branko. 2012. (in press) Paranthias 1758) (Labridae) in controlled conditions. Animal reproduction furcifer (Perciformes: Serranidae), a new alien fish in the science 125( ¼): 196-203. Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Fish Biology (in press, December, 2012). Lipej, Lovrenc; Furlan, Borut; Antolović, Nenad; Golani, Daniel; Dulčić, Jakov. 2011. The first record of fangtooth moray Dulčić, J.; Dragičević, B. 2012. (in press). Holacanthus ciliaris Enchelycore anatina (Lowe, 1839) in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae), first record from Applied Ichthyology 27 ( 6):1385-1386. the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology (in press, December, 2012). Dulčić, Jakov; Dragičević, Branko. 2011. Nove ribe Jadranskog i Sredozemnog mora.Split : Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo ; Bojanić Varezić, D; Tutman, P; Matić-Skoko, S; Pallaoro, A; Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, pp. 160. Tičina, V; Dulčić, J. 2012 (in press). First record of leptocephali of bandtooth conger Ariosoma balearicum (Pisces: Congridae) in Bartulović, Vlasta; Dulčić, Jakov; Matić-Skoko, Sanja; Glamuzina, the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology (in press, 2012). Branko. 2011. Reproductive cycles of Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada and Liza aurata (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Journal of Fish Biology 78 (7): 2067-2073.

26 Laboratory of Physical Oceanography

Head of the laboratory Overview of the laboratory activities Mira Morović, Ph. D., Senior research associate (morovic@izor. hr) - marine physics, marine optics, remote sensing, climate, Investigations of physical properties are the basis of physics of marine ecosystem. oceanographic research and have been conducted since the foundation of the Institute. Laboratory of physics explores the Staff impact of climatic factors to thermohaline properties, circulation Vlado Dadić, Ph.D., Senior research scientist ([email protected]) in the sea, influence of synoptic disturbances (meteo-tsunami) - oceanographic instrumentation and measurement systems, on sea level oscillations, the optical properties of the sea and data handling, the use of geographic information systems the relationship of biotic and abiotic factors. Hydrodynamic Branka Grbec, Ph.D., Senior research scientist ([email protected]) modeling simulates the processes and properties in the sea - marine physics, thermohaline properties, air-sea interaction, providing currents and thermohaline fields in the sea. The climatology Institute has a long-term data series of temperature and Gordana Beg Paklar, Ph.D., Research research associate (beg@ salinity collected during oceanographic cruises, whose meta- izor.hr)- marine physics, hydrodynamical models of the sea, air- data are available to the public through the database MEDAS sea interaction Database of the Adriatic Sea) at the web site (http://jadran.izor. Ivica Vilibić, Ph.D., Senior research scientist ([email protected]) hr/roscop/) while the data can be obtained with authorization. - meteo-tsunamis, waves, sea level oscillations The Laboratory maintains the buoy Jadranka and coastal station Frano Matić, Ph.D., Associate ([email protected]) - marine physics, Jurana, both with meteorological and oceanographic sensors. air-sea interaction, climate regimes,climatology Jadranka Šepić, B.Sc., Assistant ([email protected]) - meteotsunamis, waves, sea level oscillations, hydrodynamic modeling Žarko Kovač, ([email protected]) Assistant – marine optics, coupled biological-physical dynamic systems, Monte Carlo simulations, biological optimisation algoritms Tomislav Džoić, ([email protected] ) Assistant – marine physics, Dynamcs of coastal seas, hydrodynamic models Nikola Bubić, ([email protected]) Associate Josip Bašić, ([email protected]) Associate Ivan Vučić, ([email protected]) Associate Mašće Toni, ([email protected]) Associate

27 reanalysis over the sea for the period of oceanographic measurements from SMHS are available to users in near-real time after the oceanographic cruises. Following the initiative of scientists in the laboratory, and referring to the years of cooperation with scientists from other fields at the First Internal Symposium of the Institute (2011) presented was the cooperation in the frame of an interdisciplinary group with the scope to monitor and explain the impact of climate change on marine ecosystem, or to answer how the physics of the atmosphere is responsible for the variability of biotic properties of the sea, from the plankton communities to the abundance and composition of fish population. Existing research results of these changes on decadal, interannual and climate scale indicate that changes in the atmosphere at the regional and even larger spatial scales cause changes in the circulation of the Adriatic, which has implications for the overall ecosystem. This initiative resulted in the establishment of the group SECCHI (Sea Ecosystem Climate Change Interactions) which aims to defining and monitoring indicators of Adriatic ecosystem variability under the influence of climate changes and shifts (http://www. izor.hr/web/guest/secchi). In addition to the research activities the Physics Laboratory participates in series of professional studies within the Institute in the frame of which carried out are research of thermohaline properties and currents, optical properties, suspended matter and other parameters relevant Mean surface currents field during the storm blowing fromth 18 to to ecosystem and the categorizations of water within the 20th February 2009 obtained from the ASHELF-2 model with the use European directives. of meteorological fields from prognostic meteorological model ALADIN Laboratory members were organizers of several local and (above) and ECMWF (middle) and their difference (bottom) (from international meetings: Bencetić Klaic et al., Ocean Science, 2011). Dr. Sc. Vilibić I. was the organizer and the head of the section NH015. Meteotsunamis and High-Frequency Sea- Tide gauge station Jurana operates since 1949, and in 1993 was Level Phenomena Origin of Meteorological held at the equipped with digital tide gauge, whose data are available in AGU Fall Meeting, 3-7 December 2012, San Francisco, USA. real time. Most of the data collected at these stations and their Dr.Sc. Morović M. organized an international meeting products, the graphs, are available to the public via the web, “Climate and Ecosystem”, IOR, Split, 24-26 November 2011. in real time (http://www.izor.hr/web/guest/mjerni-sustavi-u- Our work was also presented on a series of international realnom-vremenu). The buoys Višanka and Rovinjka and the scientific meetings: coastal station Veli Rat are in preparation phase. The system -International Symposium “Geophysical challenges of three microbarographs was set up in Vis, Vrboska and Vela of the 21st Century, “ Zagreb, 2 December 2011. Luka, with the aim of detecting high-frequency atmospheric -Congress “Advances in Fluid Mechanics”, Split, June 2012 fluctuations that can significantly affect the sea level and -Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference, Kochi, 5-11.11.2012 cause the so-called meteorological tsunami. Measurements We have participated in the work of a number of international data are available on the Web in real time (http://jadran. committees and groups: izor.hr/barograf/). Agreement between the IOF and the -8th Session of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group DHMZ (Meteorological and Hydrological Service) has enabled for the establishment of warning systems and mitigation of collaboration and synergy between research results of both tsunami in North-East Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the organizations. This resulted in a shared virtual laboratory accompanying seas, Santander, Spain, 22-24. November 2011. for monitoring the variability of physical parameters in the -45th Meeting of the Executive Committee of atmosphere, boundary layer air-sea and the sea. At the website the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic of Virtual Laboratory (http://www.izor.hr/ web / guest / virtual- Commission, Paris, 26-28. June 2012. lab) the results of thermohaline measurements of IOF and -International Meeting “Climate change in the coastal zone” the measurements of surface temperature and atmospheric June 2011, Rabat, Morocco

28 Visits of foreign scientists dr. sc. Andrei Ivanov, Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia (24-30.10. 2011) dr. sc. Anna Zrobek- Sokolnika, University of Warmia snd Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland (8–30.09.2012.) dr. sc. Piotr Dynowski, University of Warmia snd Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland (8– 30.09.2012.)

Ongoing laboratory projects

Investigation and monitoring systems for the unusual Adriatic dynamics Financed by: MZOŠ Project leader: Ivica Vilibić

Co-oscillations of atmosphere and the sea important for the Adriatic ecosystem Financed by: MZOŠ Project leader: Mira Morović

Marine referent center Financed by: Croatian guvernment/Environmental protection agency Project leader: Vlado Dadić

Initial assessment of the state and loads of the marine Hovmöllerov diagram of mean summer sea temperatures at the Split- environment in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea Gargano transect, for stations Pelegrin (a), Stončica (b) and Palagruža Financed by: Environmental protection Ministry (c). Project leader: Nada Krstulović

Lab members participated in the work of the Executive Board Monitoring the environmental impact of the submarine outfall of the Croatian Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics of the Stobreč Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (HAZU), the Council for Financed by: Vodovod i kanalizacije d.o.o. Split. Remote Sensing and Photointerpretation (HAZU), the National Project leader: Nada Krstulović Committee for monitoring the Framework Research Programme of the European Commission, the Croatian Science Foundation as well as working through various committees, evaluation and monitoring the projects of the European Commission. We have also participated at two international meetings connected to establishing a Regional Maritime Meteorological Center: -Workshop on Establishing WIS DCPC / WIGOS Marine Meteorological Centre as a RA VI Sub-Regional Facility for Adriatic Sea Area, May 17-18, 2012, Zagreb, Croatia -The First Meeting of the Expert Team on Establishment of Marine Meteorological Centre for Adriatic, 18-19.10.2012., Split, Croatia. On the 28th October 2011, the Workshop on “Remote sensing, GIS and web technologies” was held with the presence of more participants from governmental and other state institutions. Optical radiometer PRR800 (Biospherical Instrument Inc.) can measure The workshop was held by Dr. Andrei Ivanov form the Institute diffuse downward Solar attenuation of light and upward radiance at 14 of oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. wavelengths in visible spectrum and is lowered to o 150m.

29 Changes of atmospheric oscillation, heat flux and sea temperature.

Determining areas of water ideal for life and growth of shellfish MEDIAS: Monitoring the distribution and abundance of small in transitional and coastal waters of the Adriatic Sea pelagic fish in the Adriatic Sea ultrasonic detection (echo- Financed by: Hrvatske vode monitoring) Project leader: Živana Ninčević Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries and the EU (DCF) Water quality controlin the coastal seas (Project Pag-Konavle) Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina Financed by: Sector for environmental protection, Hrvatske vode PELMON-MEDIAS: Echo-monitoring of small pelagic fish - Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić alignment with OPP Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Department of fisheries A systematic examination of the quality of transitional and Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina coastal waters in 2012 and 2013 Financed by: Sector for environmental protection, Hrvatske Exploring the physical, chemical and biological properties of the vode sea near the Smrka bay area (island Brač) (2012). Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Financed by: Municipality Nerežišće Project leader: Vlado Dadić Determination of transitional and coastal waters for shellfish according to Directive 2006/113/EC Towards a meteotsunami warning system along the U.S. Financed by: Hrvatske vode coastline (TMEWS) Project leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan Financed by: NOAA / NWS, USA Duration: 1.11.2011-30.6.2013. Analysis of the impact of petroleum product storage and ballast Project leader: Ivica Vilibić water to the marine environment and the living resources of the Kaštela Bay Financed by: HANDA Project leader: Ivona Marasović

Measuring currents in the bay Dugovača (setlement Draga, municipality Pakoštane) (2011). Financed by: Municipality Pakoštane Project leader: Vlado Dadić

Report on indicators of the marine environment, fisheries and aquaculture in 2010 and 2011. Financed by: Environmental Protection Agency Project leader: Vlado Dadić

Oceanographic buoy and its removal from the sea for maintenance.

30 Seadatanet-II (Pan-European infrastructure for ocean & marine data management) Financed by: EU (FP-7) Project leader: Vlado Dadić

HAZADR (Strengthening common reaction capacity to fight sea pollution of oil, toxic and hazardous substances in Adriatic Sea) Financed by: EU (IPA) Project leader in IOF: Vlado Dadić

Selected publications

Output from indicators Database for the state of marine environment, fisheries and aquaculture (www.izor.hr/azo). Book chapter Lončar, Goran; Beg Paklar, Gordana; Andročec, Vladimir (2012): Numerical analysis of the circulation variability in the Zadar channel area (east Adriatic). In: Rahman, M. & Brebbia, C.A. (Eds.), Advances in Fluid Mechanics IX. Southampton, WIT Press, 521-532 pp.

Doctoral thesis F. Matić, 20.12.2011. The impact of hemispheric atmospheric processes on thermohaline characteristics of the Adriatic Sea, Ph.D., Geology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia (Head: prof. PhD. Branka Grbec)

Scientific papers Lončar, G., Beg Paklar, G., Janeković, I., 2012. Numerical Modelling of Oil Spills in the Area of Kvarner and Rijeka Bay (The Northern Adriatic Sea). Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2012, doi: 10.1155/2012/497936, 1-20. View from the database about the bathing water quality (www.izor.hr/kakvoca). Carić, M., Jasprica, N., Kršinić, F., Vilibić, I., Batistić, M., 2012. Hydrography, nutrients, and plankton along the longitudinal Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern section of the Ombla Estuary (Southeastern Adriatic). Journal EUropean Seas (PERSEUS) of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92, Financed by: EU Seventh Framework Project (FP7-OCEAN-2011) 1227-1242. Glavni ugovaratelj projekta: Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) Vilibić, I., Matijević, S., Šepić, J., Kušpilić, G., 2012. Changes in Project leader: Evangelos Papanathassiou the Adriatic oceanographic properties induced by the Eastern Projet leader in IOF: Ivona Marasović Mediterranean Transient. Biogeosciences, 9, 2085-2097.

HyMex (HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment) Šepić, J., Vilibić, I., Jord., G., Marcos, M., 2012. Mediterranean Financed by: French guvernment sea level forced by atmospheric pressure and wind: variability Coordinators: V. Ducrocq, O. Roussot, K. Béranger, I. Braud, A. of the present climate and future projections for several period Chanzy, G. Delrieu, P. Drobinski, C. Estournel, B. Ivancan-Picek, bands. Global and Planetary Change, 86-87, 20-30. S. Josey, K. Lagouvardos, P. Lionello, M.C. Llasat, W. Ludwig, C. Lutoff, A. Mariotti, A. Montanari, E. Richard, R. Romero, I. Ruin, Šepić, J., Vilibić, I., Strelec Mahović, N., 2012. Northern Adriatic S. Somot. meteorological tsunamis: Observations, link to the atmosphere, National coordinator: Branka Picek (DHMZ) and predictability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, Project coordinators in IOF: Branka Grbec and Mira Morović C02002, doi:10.1029/2011JC007608.

31 Supić, N., Kraus, R., Kuzmić, M., Paschini, E., Precali, R., Russo, Mira Morović and Andrei Ivanov, Oil Spill Monitoring in the A., Vilibić, I., 2012. Predictability of northern Adriatic winter Croatian Adriatic Waters: needs and possibilities Acta Adriatica., conditions. Journal of Marine Systems, 90, 42-57. 52 (2011), 1; 45 - 56.

Gangai, B., Lučić, D., Morović, M., Brautović, I., & Miloslavić, Lučić, D.; Benović, A.; Batistić, M.; Morović, M.; Onofri, M., 2012. Population structure and diel vertical migration of I., Molinero, J.-C.; Gangai, B.; Miloslavić, M. A short-term euphausiid larvae in the open southern Adriatic Sea (July 2003). investigation of diel vertical migration of the calycophoran International Journal of Crustacean Research (Crustaceana - Siphonofora in the open South Adriatic Sea (July 2003). Acta Leiden) 85 (2012) (6): 659-684. Adriatica. 52 (2011), 2; 159-172.

Morović,M., Flander Putrle,V., Lučić,D., Grbec,B., Gangai,B., B.Grbec, M. Morović i A. Bajić. 2011. Virtualni laboratorij– sustav Malej,A., and Matić,F. 2012. Signatures of pigments and za praćenje promjenjivosti fizikalnih parametara u atmosferi, processes in the south Adriatic Sea- project MEDUZA, Acta graničnom sloju atmosfera-more i u moru, 5th Croatian water Adriatica 53(3): 303-322. conference with international participation, Hrvatske vode pred izazovom klimatskih promjena, Croatian waters facing the Kovač,Ž., Morović,M. and Matić,F, 2012. Space and time structure challenge of climate changes, Opatija, 2011. of the Adriatic Sea color satellite data, PORSEC2012-31-00056. Matić, F., Grbec, B., Morović, M. Indications of Climate Regime Morović,M., Grbec,B., Kovač, Ž. and Matić, F, 2012. Ocean color shifts in the Middle Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica. 52 (2) (2011), variability of the Adriatic Sea, PORSEC2012-31-00023. 235-246.

Orlić, M.; Beg Paklar, G.; Dadić, V.; Leder, N.; Mihanović, H.; Lončar, G.; Beg Paklar, G.; Andročec, V. (2012): Numerical Pasarić, M.; Pasarić, Z. 2011. Diurnal upwelling resonantly driven analysis of the circulation variability in the Zadar channel area by sea breezes around an Adriatic island. Journal of Geophysical (east Adriatic). In: Rahman, M. & Brebbia, C.A. (Eds.), Advances Research, 116, C09025-1 C09025-10. in Fluid Mechanics IX. Southampton, WIT Press, 521-532 pp.

Mihanović, H., Cosoli, S., Vilibić, I., Ivanković, D., Dadić, V., Gačić, Selected links of the laboratory M., 2011. Surface current patterns in the northern Adriatic http://www.izor.hr/web/guest/virtual-laboratory extracted from High Frequency radar data using Self-Organizing http://jadran.izor.hr/barograf/ Map analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, C08033, http://jadran.izor.hr/roscop/ doi:10.1029/2011JC007104.

Vilibić, I., Mihanović, H., Šepić, J., Matijević, S., 2011. Using Self-Organising Maps to investigate long-term changes in deep Adriatic water patterns. Continental Shelf Research, 31, 695- 711.

Šepić, J., Vilibić, I., 2011. The development and implementation of a real-time meteotsunami warning network for the Adriatic Sea. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 83-91.

Bencetić Klaić, Zvjezdana; Pasarić, Zoran; Beg Paklar, Gordana; Oddo, Paolo 2011. Coastal sea responses to atmospheric forcings at two different resolutions. Ocean science, 7, 521-532. Diver helps with lowering current meter for measuring currents in the Lončar, G., Beg Paklar, G., Janeković, I., 2011. Influence of density Drage Bay. stratification on the effluent plume dynamics. Oceanologia, 53 (2), 565-585.

32 Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology

Head of the laboratory Overview of the laboratory activities Grozdan Kušpilić, Ph.D., Senior research associate (kuspe@izor. hr) – marine pollution, chemical oceanography, biogeochemical Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology cycle of nutrients in the water column and sediments, conducts research pertaining to biogeochemical processes and implementation of the EU Water and Marine Strategy cycles of different elements in the water column, sediment Framework Directives for areas of transitional, coastal and open and marine organisms (algae, bivalves and fish species) of the waters within the territorial sea of The Republic of Croatia Adriatic Sea. Field research work is carried out in the areas of different trophic Staff status (river mouths, estuaries, bays, open sea waters, fish farms) Danijela Bogner, Ph.D., Senior research associate (bogner@izor. with the aim to detect potential changes, anthropogenically or hr) – marine geology, granulometric composition, carbonates, climatologically induced. organic matter, heavy metals and foraminifers in marine In addition to the basic chemical parameters, concentrations sediment of inorganic and organic nutrients are measured in sea water Slavica Matijević, Ph.D., Research associate ([email protected]) samples, to investigate the flux of matter and energy through – chemical oceanography; biogeochemical the marine ecosystem and in order to set the national ecological cycles of nutrients in the water column and sediments; status class boundaries. phosphorus speciation in marine sediment Sediment investigations (granulometric composition, redox Jelena Lušić, Research fellow ([email protected]) – heavy metals in conditions, distribution of inorganic and organic forms of marine sediment and biota carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous) are focused on the Jelena Mandić, Research fellow ([email protected]) – polyaromatic processes of sedimentation and remineralisation of organic hydrocarbons in marine sediment and biota Krešimir Markulin, Research fellow ([email protected]) – biogeochemical processes in marine sediment Vesna Milun, Ph.D., Associate ([email protected]) – organic pollutants in marine sediment and biota Ivan Pezo, Associate ([email protected]) Jere Veža, Associate ([email protected])

33 matter in sediments including the exchange of organic matter at the sediment-water interface. The degree of contamination of the marine environment by heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants is monitored via their accumulation in sediments and marine organisms. In addition to their engagement in scientific research activities, members of the Laboratory are involved in the development of the national indicators and implementation of EU Water and Marine Strategy Framework Directives and are also active members of the academic staff at the University of Split. The Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology is authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Croatia to conduct sampling and investigations of physico- chemical and chemical indicators in transitional, coastal and open waters within the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia.

The most significant lab activities

Beside the engagement in the listed projects sponsored by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports and the Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection of the Republic of Croatia, UNEP and Croatian Waters, one of the most significant activities of the Laboratory has been the development of the program proposal and implementation of the monitoring of ecological and chemical status of transitional and coastal Field research for the purpose of monitoring the state of the marine environment in tuna farms. waters of the Adriatic Sea, according to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), as well as Quality control of the Coastal Adriatic Sea (Pag-Konavle Project) the initial assessment of the state and pollution of the marine Financed by: Water Protection Division, Croatian Waters environment in the Croatian part of the Adriatic (with respect to Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić the state of the physico-chemical parameters) according to the requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive Classification of the Area and Making a Program Proposal and (2008/56/EC). Implementation of Monitoring of Transitional and Coastal Waters of the Adriatic Sea, according to Ongoing laboratory projects the Requirements of the Water Framework Directive of EU (2000/60/EC) Role of Plankton Communities in the Flow and Cycling of Energy Financed by: Croatian Waters and Matter in the Adriatic Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Financed by: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia Systematic Investigation of Transitional and Coastal Waters Project Leader: Nada Krstulović Quality during the period 2012-2013 Financed by: Sector of Water Protection, Croatian Waters Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić European Seas (PERSEUS) Financed by: EU Seventh Framework Project (FP7- OCEAN-2011) Ecological Investigation of Toxic Phytoplankton and Bivalve Principal project contractor: Hellenic Centre for Marine Toxicity Research (HCMR) Financed by: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Project Leader at the Institute of oceanography and fisheries: Republic of Croatia Ivona Marasović Project Leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan

34 MED POL Report on the Hydrographic and Chemical Characteristics of Financed by: UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) the Marine Environment along the Wider Area of Dugovača Bay Project Leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan (Locality Drage, Municipality Pakoštane) Financed by: Municipality Pakoštane Initial Assessment of the State and Pollution of the Marine Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Environment in the Croatian Part of the Adriatic Financed by: Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection Environmental Impact Study for the Hotel-Apartment Resort of the Republic of Croatia and Marina „Vela borovica“, Municipality Marina Project Leader: Nada Krstulović Financed by: Vela Borovica koncern d.o.o. Project Leader: Mladen Šolić Reports on the State of the Marine Environment, Fisheries and Mariculture Indicators for the years 2010 and 2011 Investigation of Physical, Chemical and Biological Sea Water Financed by: Croatian Environment Agency Characteristics along the Wider Area of Smrka Bay (Brač Island) Financed by: Municipality Nerežišće Monitoring of the Marine Environment in the Tuna Farm Area in Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Grška Bay, Brač Island, during the period 2011.-2012 Financed by: Sardina d.o.o. Selected publications Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Bojanić, Natalia; Vidjak, Olja; Šolić, Mladen; Krstulović, Nada; Brautović, Igor; Matijević, Slavica; Kušpilić, Grozdan; Šestanović, Stefanija; Ninčević Gladan, Živana; Marasović, Ivona. 2012. Community structure and seasonal dynamics of tintinnid ciliates in Kaštela Bay (middle Adriatic Sea). Journal of Plankton Research. 34(6); 510-530.

Vilibić, Ivica; Matijević, Slavica; Šepić, Jadranka; Kušpilić, Grozdan. 2012. Changes in the Adriatic oceanographic properties induced by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. Biogeosciences 9: 2085-2097.

Davenport, John; Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Peharda, Melita; Skejić, Sanda; Ninčević-Gladan, Živana; Matijević, Slavica. 2011. Sizedifferential feeding in Pinna nobilis L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia): exploitation of detritus, phytoplankton and zooplankton.

Area of transitional waters of the Cetina River. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 92 (2):246-254.

35 Vilibić, Ivica; Mihanović, Hrvoje; Šepić, Jadranka; Matijević, Skejić, Sanda; Marasović, Ivona; Vidjak, Olja; Kušpilić, Grozdan; Slavica. 2011. Using Self-Organising Maps to investigate Ninčević Gladan, Živana; Šestanović, Stefanija; Bojanić, Natalia. longterm changes in deep Adriatic water patterns. Continental 2011. Effects of cage fish farming on phytoplankton community Shelf Research. 31 (6): 695-711. structure, biomass and primary production in an aquaculture area in the middle Adriatic Sea. Aquaculture Research. 42 (9): Matijević, Slavica; Kušpilić, Grozdan; Ninčević, Živana; Krstulović, 1393-1405. Nada; Bojanić, Natalia; Bogner, Danijela. 2011. The influence of the wastewater outlet on the water column Buljac, Maša; Bogner, Danijela; Cerjan-Stefanović, Štefica; and sediment at the middle Adriatic area. 5. Croatian water Bolanča, Tomislav; Margeta, Karmen. 2011. Cr and Zn conference with international participation; Croatian waters distribution in sediment from the semi-enclosed Kaštela Bay, facing the challenge of climate changes: Conference proceedings the Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20 / Biondić, Danko; Holjević, Danko; Tropan, Ljudevit, editor(s). (4): 853-860. Zagreb: Croatian waters, 655-663. Cvitković, Ivan; Travizi, Ana; Despalatović, Marija; Grubelić, Bosak, Sunčica; Šilović, Tina; Ljubešić, Zrinka; Kušpilić, Grozdan; Ivana; Bogner, Danijela; Nikolić, Vedran; Žuljević, Ante; Pestorić, Branka; Krivokapić, Sladjana; Viličić, Damir. 2012. Antolić, Boris. 2011. Spatio-temporal variability of meiofauna Phytoplankton size structure and species composition as an community structure in abandoned salina of Velike Soline indicator of trophic status in transitional ecosystems: the case and adjacent area (Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea). Fresenius study of a Mediterranean fjord-like karstic bay. Oceanologia. 54 Environmental Bulletin, 20 (3): 645-655. (2): 2; 255-286. Matijević, Slavica; Bilić Jadranka; Ribičić Deni; Dunatov Josipa. Krivokapić, Slađana; Pestorić, Branka; Bosak, Sunčica; Kušpilić, 2012. Distribution of phosphorus species in below-cage Grozdan; Wexels Riser, Christian. 2011. Trophic state of sediments at the tuna farms in the middle Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Boka Kotorska Bay (south-eastern Adriatic Sea). Fresenius Acta Adriatica, 53 (3): 399-412. Environmental Bulletin 20 (8): 1960-1969.

36 Laboratory of Fisheries Science and Management of Pelagic and Demersal Resources

Head of Laboratory with special attention devoted to commercially most important Nedo Vrgoč, Ph. D. , Senior research scientist ([email protected]) – species in the Adriatic. We systematically follow state of marine fisheries biology, population dynamics of demersal resources, populations through scientific monitoring of communities stock assessment and monitoring of commercial fishery. Our activities include stock assessments and participation in creating proposals Staff for fisheries regulation and protection measures. In addition Vjekoslav Tičina , Ph. D., Senior research scientist (ticina@izor. to our research devoted to most important populations and hr) – fisheries acoustics, fisheries biology & ecology, dynamics marine communities, we pay special attention to investigation and management of pelagic fish populations, pelagic fishery, of most sensitive areas, such as spawning and nursery areas of capture based mariculture, pelagic ecosystem commercially most important species, as well as to investigation Melita Peharda Uljević , Ph. D., Senior research scientist (melita@ of the deep Adriatic. We continued research of biological and izor.hr) – biology and ecology of bivalves, population dynamics, ecological characteristics of different species of fish, crustaceans, sclerochronology, fisheries biology, bivalve aquaculture cephalopods and bivalves what resulted in publications related Vanja Čikeš Keč, Ph. D., Research associate ([email protected]) to reproduction, feeding ecology and population dynamics. – identification, morphology, biology, ecology, fish population Laboratory staff members has actively participated inall dynamics, management of pelagic resources, pelagic fisheries important national and international activities related to Barbara Zorica, Ph. D., Research associate ([email protected]) fisheries, what includes participation in negotiation withEU research scientist – identification, morphology, biology, ecology, related to Chapter 13 (Fisheries), creation of Management fish population dynamics, management of pelagic resources, plans, and representation of state in various scientific and pelagic fisheries expert bodies such as SAC GFCM, AdriaMed, STCEF, ICCAT. Daria Ezgeta Balić, Research fellow ([email protected]) – biology and ecology of bivalves, trophic ecology, sclerochronology Igor Isajlović ([email protected]) – Associate Dragi Bašković – Associate Goran Brzulja – Associate Ivo Marušić – Associate Vanja Vlahović – Associate

Overview of the Laboratory’s activities For a number of years Laboratory of Fisheries Science and Management of Pelagic and Demersal Resources has been conducting fisheries biology research of pelagic and demersal resources including fish, cephalopods, crustaceans and bivalves

37 Most important activities SOLEMON Evaluation of stock of common sole (Solea solea) in the northern Adriatic using different fishing gears - Coordination and participation in significant number of Financed by: FAO AdriaMed national and international scientific and applied projects Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč (National coordinator) - Publication of scientific and professional papers - Publication of monography on state of demersal resources in DemMon – Assessment of distribution and abundance of the Adriatic Sea demersal fish species and other marine organisms in the - Collaboration with fisherman and Ministry of Agriculture Adriatic Sea - Participation of Maboratory staff members in preparation Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries of Management plans for certain fishing gear in the marine Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč fisheries, Republic of Croatia - Organization and participation in different international OPP DemMon – Data collection framework for demersal meetings (AdriaMed, GFCM, MEDITS, WKMTCH- ICES) fisheries Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Projects Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč

Biodiversity and management of pelagic and demersal resources LME-EAF - Strategic partnership for the Mediterranean Large of the Adriatic (001-0013077-0532) Marine Ecosystem (Ecosystem approach to fisheries) Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Financed by: FAO Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč

MEDITS (Mediterranean International Bottom Trawl Survey) CREAM: Coordinating research in support to application of Financed by: EC Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) and management advice Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Financed by: EU – FP7 ADRIJA- state of demersal resources along the eastern Adriatic Responsible scientists at IOF: Nedo Vrgoč and Vjekoslav Tičina coast and recommendations for the sustainable management and protection MEDIAS: Acoustic survey (echo-monitoring) for the assessment Financed by: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of spatial distribution and abundance of small pelagic fish Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč populations in the Adriatic Sea. Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries AdriaMed Deep Sea Survey and EU (DCF) Financed by: FAO AdriaMed Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina Project leader: Igor Isajlović (National coordinator) TUNE-CPUE: Analyses of purse seiners fishing activities and their UWTV Survey in Central Adriatic Jabuka Pit effectiveness in bluefin tuna fishery in the Adriatic Sea (CPUE) Financed by: FAO AdriaMed Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč (National coordinator) Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina

Pelagic trawl used for sampling during echo-monitoring and collected sample of fish for biological analysis.

38 PELMON-MEDIAS: Acoustic survey on small pelagic fish – Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Peharda, Melita; Richardson, Chris A.; harmonization with DCF requirements Kuzmanić, Marina; Vrgoč, Nedo; Isajlović, Igor. 2011. Age, Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries growth, and population structure of the smooth clam Callista Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina chione in the eastern Adriatic Sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 65 (4): 457-465. Monitoring of pelagic commercial fishery (PERIMON) Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Rinaldi, Alessandro; Peharda, Melita; Prusina, Project leader: Vanja Čikeš Keč Ivana; Montalto, Valeria; Niceta, Natalia; Sarà, Gianluca. 2011. An energy budget for the subtidal bivalve Modiolus barbatus Detection of main spawning grounds of sardine and anchovy in (Mollusca) at different temperatures. Marine Environmental the Adriatic Sea Research, 71 (1): 79-85. Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Barbara Zorica Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Najdek, Mirjana; Peharda, Melita; Blažina, Maria. 2012. Seasonal fatty acid profile analysis to trace origin OPP PERIMON – Data Collection framework for purse seiners of food sources of four commercially important bivalves. Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Aquaculture, 334: 89-100. Project leader: Vanja Čikeš Keč Krstulović Šifner, Svjetlana; Peharda, Melita; Vrgoč, Nedo; Bivalve feeding, competition and predation – what is at play? Isajlović, Igor; Dadić, Vlado; Petrić, Mirela. 2012. Biodiversity Financed by: Unity through Knowledge (www.ukf.hr), 3A project and distribution of cephalopods caught by trawling along the line Northern and Central Adriatic Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, Project leader: Melita Peharda Uljević 52 (3): 291-302.

Selected publications Mladineo, Ivona; Petrić, Mirela; Hrabar, Jerko; Bočina, Ivana; Peharda, Melita. 2012. Reaction of the mussel Mytilus Čikeš Keč, Vanja; Zorica, Barbara. 2012. The reproductive traits galloprovincialis (Bivalvia) to Eugymnanthea inquilina (Cnidaria) of Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) in the Eastern Adriatic and Urastoma cyprinae (Turbellaria) concurrent infestation. Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28: 15-21. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110 (1): 118-125.

Čikeš Keč, Vanja; Zorica, Barbara; Sinovčić, Gorenka. 2012. Morton, Brian; Peharda, Melita; Petrić, Mirela. 2012. Functional Diet of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the eastern morphology of Rocellaria dubia (Bivalvia: Gastrochaenidae) Adriatic Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 53 (1): 89-94. with new interpretations of crypt formation and adventitious tube construction, and a discussion of evolution within the Davenport, John; Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Peharda, Melita; Skejić, family. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 104 (4): 786- Sanda; Ninčević-Gladan, Živana; Matijević, Slavica. 2012. Size- 804. differential feeding in Pinna nobilis L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia): exploitation of detritus, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 92 (2): 246-25. 39 Piccinetti, Corrado; Vrgoč, Nedo; Marčeta, Bojan; Manfredi, Tugores, Maria Pilar; Giannoulaki, Marianna; Iglesias, Chiara. 2012. Recent state of demersal resources in the Adriatic Magdalena; Bonanno, Angelo; Tičina, Vjekoslav; Leonori, Iole; Sea. Acta Adriatica, Monograph Series no.5, 220 pp. Machias, Athanassios; Tsagarakis, Konstantinos; Díaz, Núria; Giráldez, Ana; Patti, Bernando; De Felice, Andrea; Basilone, Peharda, Melita; Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Davenport, John; Bojanić, Gualtiero; Valavanis, Vasilis. 2011. Habitat suitability modelling Natalia; Vidjak, Olja; Ninčević-Gladan, Živana. 2012. Differential for sardine Sardina pilchardus in a highly diverse ecosystem: the ingestion of zooplankton by four species of bivalves (Mollusca) Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 443: 181- in Mali Ston Bay, Croatia. Marine Biology, 159 (4): 881-895. 205.

Peharda, Melita; Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Radman, Margita; Zorica, Barbara; Sinovčić, Gorenka; Čikeš Keč, Vanja. 2011. Sinjkević, Nela; Vrgoč, Nedo; Isajlović, Igor. 2012. Age, growth Reproductive cycle, size at maturity and fecundity of garfish and population structure of Acanthocardia tuberculata (Belone belone, L. 1761) in the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea (Bivalvia: Cardiidae) in the eastern Adriatic Sea. Scientia Marina, (Croatia). Helgoland Marine Research, 65 (4): 435-444. 76 (1): 59-66. Selected links Skejić, Sanda; Ninčević Gladan, Živana; Ezgeta-Balić, Daria; Peharda, Melita. 2012. Differences in phytoplankton http://www.izor.hr/web/guest/ribarstvo_uvod accumulation between Mediterranean mussel Mytilus http://www.izor.hr/web/guest/pelmon galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 and European flat oysterOstrea http://jadran.izor.hr/pelmon/hr/index.htm edulis Linneaus, 1758 after natural exposure to toxicDinophysis bloom. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 53 (2): 189-195.

Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja; Grubišić, Leon; Karaman, Nikola; Tičina, Vjekoslav; Mišlov Jelavić, Krstina; Katavić, Ivan. 2011. Damages on mussel farms potentially caused by fish predation - self service on the ropes? Aquaculture, 319 (3/4): 497-504.

Šegvić Bubić, Tanja; Grubišić, Leon; Tičina, Vjekoslav; Katavić, Ivan. 2011. Temporal and spatial variability of pelagic wild fish assemblages around tuna fish farms in the Eastern Adriatic. Journal of Fish Biology, 78 (1): 78-97.

Tičina, Vjekoslav; Grubišić, Leon; Šegvić Bubić, Tanja; Katavić, Ivan. 2011. Biometric characteristics of small Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, Linnaeus, 1758) of Mediterranean Sea origin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27 (4): 971-976.

Tičina, Vjekoslav; Grubišić, Leon; Šegvić Bubić, Tanja; Katavić, Ivan. 2012. Biometric characteristics of small Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, Linnaeus, 1758) of Mediterranean Sea origin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27 (4): 971-976.

Tičina, Vjekoslav; Matić-Skoko, Sanja. 2012. Age, growth and mortality of scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna Walbaum, 1792) from the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28: 836- 841.

40 Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity

Head of the laboratory Overview of the laboratory activities Ivona Marasović, Ph. D., Senior research scientist (marasovic@ Activities within the Laboratory encompass the ecological izor.hr) - Biology and taxonomy of phytoplankton, primary and taxonomical research of phyto- and zooplankton, production, eutrophication and shellfish toxicity the investigations of the primary production process and investigation of toxic phytoplankton species, toxin production Staff and phycotoxins analysis. Taxonomical research is directed Živana Ninčević Gladan, Ph. D., Senior research scientist towards microzoo-, mesozoo- and microphytoplankton, ([email protected]), Deputy Head of Laboratory – Biology and while the ecological research focuses on the investigations taxonomy of phytoplankton, primary production, cyanobacteria, of fluctuations of phytoplankton and zooplankton dynamics eutrophication, shellfish toxicity caused by the anthropogenic and natural impact. These Frano Kršinić, Academician ([email protected]) – Ecology and investigations are greatly facilitated by the existence of long- taxonomy of protozoa and micrometazoans, taxonomy of term data sets on phytoplankton and zooplankton population planktonic fauna from an anchialine cave structure, chlorophyll a concentrations and primary production, Ivana Ujević, Ph. D., Senior research associate (ujevic@izor. available from the early days of the Institute’s activities, hr) – Shellfish toxicity, biological and chemical methods of which today present the special value of the Institute and phycotoxins determination, traces metals in sediment and this particular Laboratory. The specialized and more recent marine organisms activities of the Laboratory are linked to the basic investigations Natalia Bojanić, Ph. D., Senior research associate (bojanic@izor. of toxic phytoplankton species, which gave rise to the applied hr) – Ecology and taxonomy of microzooplankton investigations through regular monitoring of shellfish toxicity Olja Vidjak, Ph. D., ([email protected]) Research associate – Ecology events along the Adriatic coast. Since, phytoplankton was and taxonomy of mesozooplankton, sampling tools, taxonomy considered as the main food source for bivalve, research of of Copepods bivalve feeding was conducted. Sanda Skejić, Ph. D., Research associate ([email protected]) – Biology and taxonomy of phytoplankton, primary production, eutrophication, shellfish feeding Jasna Arapov, Research fellow ([email protected]) – Determination of phycotoxins in shellfish and phytoplankton, ecology of toxic phytoplankton Mia Bužančić, Research fellow ([email protected]) – Biology and taxonomy of phytoplankton, primary production Nikša Nazlić, ([email protected]) Associate Heliodor Prelesnik, ([email protected]) Associate Roman Garber, ([email protected]) Associate Ana Jelačić, ([email protected]) Associate Romana Roje, ([email protected]) Associate 41 Fundamental research of toxic phytoplankton species and secondary metabolites of phytoplankton is one of the most important activities of the Laboratory. Since, these topics is closely related to human health, applied investigations as shellfish toxicity analysis are arose from these fundamental research. Bivalves are tested on presence of PSP, DSP, YTX and ASP toxins. Results obtained through these analyses were used in our effort to get answers on influence of eutrophication process, antrophogenic activity and climate changes of the frequency and distribution of toxic shellfish event.

The most significant lab activities Based on the publications of the Laboratory’s researchers and their participations in international intercalibrations in the field of phytoplankton toxicity and toxin analyses, in 2008 this Laboratory gained the ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation Certificate in the field of qualitative and quantitative determination of phytoplankton community structure in seawater and determination of phycotoxins in shellfish. In 2011 Laboratory was nominated as National Reference Laboratory for Shellfish Toxicity by Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fishery. Laboratory employees are included in international calibration exercise for phycotoxin analyses conducted by QUASIMEME and phytoplankton identification and abundance determination conducted by BEQUALM –IOC. HPLC-FLD chromatogram of PSP toxins in mixture of standard solution on the reverse column after oxidation with peroxide solution: dcGTX2,3 Ongoing laboratory projects - decarbamoylgonyautoxins 2, 3; GTX gonyautoxin 1,4; dcSTX - Role of plankton communities in the energy and matter flow in decarbamoil saxitoxin; GTX2,3 - decarbamoylgonyautoxins 2, 3; GTX5 – the Adriatic Sea gonyuatoxin 5; STX-e - saxitoxin Financed by: Ministry of Science Project Leader: Nada Krstulović

Ecological studies of toxic phytoplankton and shellfish toxicity Financed by: Ministry of Science Project Leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan sesame Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem Changes Financed by: EU FP6 National Coordinator: Ivona Marasović HPLC-FLD chromatogram of PSP toxins in the shellfish Acanthocardia PERSEUS Policy-orientated marine Environmental Research for tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758). These cockles accumulated and stored the Southern European Seas PSP toxins, particulatly the saxitoxin (STX). PSP toxins have been retained for a long time (up to 12 months) after toxic phytoplankton Financed by: EU FP7 species occurred in the community. PSP toxin profile analyses were National Coordinator: Ivona Marasović performed in the cocles A. tuberculata collected at estuary of Cetina River in the period from March, 2009. to February 2010. Measured EMBOS – Development and implementation of a pan-European concentrations were up to 100 μg STX eq. kg-1, what is significantly Marine Biodiversity Observatory System lower than maximum allowed concentration (800 μg STX eq. kg-1 ) Financed by: COST (European Cooperation in the field of according to National and EU Regulation. Scientific and Technical Research) National Coordinator: Natalia Bojanić 42 MED POL Financed by: UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) Coordinator for National Report: Živana Ninčević Gladan

Determination of transitional and coastal shellfish waters under Directive 2006/11/EC Financed by: Hrvatske vode Project Leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan

Biological Baseline Survey in Croatian Ports Financed by: Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Project Leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan

Quality control of the Coastal Adriatic Sea (Pag-Konavle Project) Financed by: Water Protection Division, Hrvatske vode Project Leader: Grozdan Kušpilić

Coastal Cities Water pollution Control Project, APL 7226/HR The oldest and also one of the basic methods of phytoplankton Financed by: Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection community investigation used in Laboratory is sedimentation method Project Leader: Vladimir Andročec by Utermohl. The method allows insight into the community, monitoring the changes in the community under the influence of climate change Analysis of the impact of petroleum product storage and ballast and the various human activities. The method allows monitoring of waters to the marine environment and the living resources of introduction of alien and invasive species. the Kaštela Bay Financed by: HANDA Project leader: Ivona Marasović

Publications Arapov,J., Ezgeta-Balić, D., Peharda, M, Ninčević Gladan, Ž. (2010) Bivalve feeding- How and what they eat? Ribarstvo, 68 (3): 105-116.

Berline, L., Siokou-Frangou,I., Marasović, I., Vidjak, O., Luz Fernández de Puelles, M., Grazia Mazzocchi, M., Assimakopoulou, G., Zervoudaki, S., Fonda Umani, S., Conversi, A., Garcia-Comas, C., Ibanez, F., Gasparini, S., Stemmann, L., Gorsky, G. (2012) Intercomparison of six Mediterranean zooplankton time series. Progress in Oceanography, 97-100: 76–91.

Bojanić, N., O. Vidjak, M. Šolić, N. Krstulović, I. Brautović, S. Matijević, G. Kušpilić, S. Šestanović, Ž. Ninčević Gladan and I. Dinoflagellates cysts. The number of cysts producing species islow. Marasović (2012) Community structure and seasonal dynamics From about of 2000 dinoflagellates about 80 marine and 15 freshwater of tintinnid ciliates in Kaštela Bay (middle Adriatic Sea). J. species have the ability of creating a cyst. The cysts allow them survival Plankton Res., 34(6): 510-530. in adverse conditions environment. Cysts are dormant stage in their life cycle. Knowing the composition of cysts in the sediment it is possible to predict the dinoflagellate bloom in a particular area when favorable Carić, Marina; Jasprica, Nenad; Kršinić, Frano; Vilibić, condition for its growth appeared. Ivica; Batistić, Mirna. (2012) Hydrography, nutrients, and plankton along the longitudinal section of the Ombla Estuary (southeastern Adriatic). JMBA UK 92: 1227-1242.

Čustović, S., Orhanović, S., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., Milandri, A., Pavela-Vrančić, M. (2012) The presence of yessotoxins and gymnodimine in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the southern part of Adriatic Sea (Dubrovnik area, Croatia). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 21: 3842-3846.

Jasprica, Nenad; Carić, Marina; Kršinić, Frano; Kapetanović, Tatjana; Batistić, Mirna; Njire, Jakica (2012). Planktonic diatoms and their environment in the lower Neretva River estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean). Nova Hedwigia. 141: 405-429.

Kršinić, F. (2010) Tintinnids (Tintinnida, Choreotrichia, Ciliata) in the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Part II. Ecology. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, (monograph).

Kršinić, F. (2010)Tintinnids (Tintinnida, Choreotrichia, Ciliata) in the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Part I. Taxonomy. Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, (monograph).

Kršinić, F. (2012) Description of Stephos boettgerschnackae sp. nov., a new copepod (Calanoida, Stephidae) from an anchialine cave in the Adriatic Sea. Crustaceana (Leiden). 85: 1525-1539 .

Ljubešić, Z., Bosak, S., Viličić, D., Kralj Borojević K., Marić, D., Skejić, S. Ninčević Gladan, Ž., Ezgeta-Balić, D., Peharda, M. Godrijan, J., Ujević, I., Peharec, P. and Đakovac, T. (2011) Ecology (2012) Differences in phytoplankton accumulation between and taxonomy of potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck,1819 Lim Bay (north-eastern Adriatic Sea) Harmful Algae 10: 713-722. and European flat oyster Ostrea edulis Linneaus,1758 after natural exposure to toxic Dinophysis bloom. Cahiers de Biologie Marić, D., Ljubešić, Z., Godrijan, J., Viličić, D., Ujević, I. and Marine, 53,189-195. Precali, R. (2011) The potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia callianta Lundholm, Moestrup & Hasle forms blooms in coastal Skejić, S., I. Marasović, O. Vidjak, G. Kušpilić, Ž. Ninčević Gladan, waters of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Estuarine, Coastal S. Šestanović and N. Bojanić (2011) Effects of cage fish farming and Shelf Science. 92: 323-331. on phytoplankton community structure, biomass and primary production ina n aquaculture area int he middle Adriatic Sea. Ninčević Gladan, Ž., I. Ujević, A. Milandri, I. Marasović, A. Ceredi, Aquacult. Res., 42: 1393-1405. S. Pigozzi, J. Arapov,S. Skejić. (2011) Lipophilic toxin profile in Mytilus galloprovincialis during episodes of diarrhetic shellfish Ujević, I., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., Roje, R., Skejić, S.. Arapov, J., poisoning (DSP) in the NE Adriatic Sea in 2006. Molecules, 16: Marasović, I. (2010) Domoic acid – a new toxin in the Croatian 888-899. Adriatic shellfish toxin profile Molecules, 15:6835-6849.

Ninčević Gladan, Ž., Ujević, I., Milandri, A., Marasović, I., Ceredi, Ujević, I., Roje, R., Ninčević-Gladan, Ž., Marasović, I. (2012) First A., Pigozzi, S., Arapov, J., Skejić, S., Orhanović S. and Isajlović, I. report of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) in mussels (Mytilus (2010) Is Yessotoxin the Main Phycotoxin in Croatian Waters? galloprovincialis) from eastern Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Food Marine drugs. 8: 460-470. control. 25: 285-291.

Peharda, M., D. Ezgeta-Balić, J. Davenport, N. Bojanić, O. Vidjak, O., N. Bojanić, S. Matijević, G. Kušpilić, Ž. Ninčević Vidjak and Ž. Ninčević-Gladan (2012) Differential ingestion of Gladan, S. Skeić, B. Grbec and I. Brautović (2012) Enviromental zooplankton by four species of bivalves (Mollusca) int he Mali drivers of zooplankton variability in the coastal eastern Adriatic Ston Bay, Croatia. Mar. Biol., 159(4): 881-895. (Mediterranean Sea). Acta Adriat., 52(2): 159-172.

44 Library of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Head of the Library: Ingrid Čatić, prof. ([email protected]) Staff: Vlatka Kamber, technician ([email protected])

History of the Library The specialized Library within the Institute of Oceanography The Library holdings and services meet the needs of scientists and Fisheries in Split was founded in 1930. The first scientists and all the parties involved. The activities and services of the at the Institute personally took care of completing the Library Library include as follows: book loan service, interLibrary loan fund with the most important books on oceanography and and information exchange, as well as photocopying and printing fisheries. Ever since the beginning the Library has been receiving of materials. periodicals and other library material mostly by exchange with other countries across Europe and all over the world. Since 1932 Membership in various relevant organizations the Institute has been publishing the journal Acta Adriatica. The Library is a part of the Institute, the largest and oldest Croatian scientific institution for the marine research Library’s fund and activities involved in the international scientific cooperation, and The Library offers scientific and professional literature in consequently it is the Central Croatian Marine Research Library. oceanography, fisheries, biology, chemistry, physics and As a part of its services to Member States, the Intergovernmental environmental sciences to the Institute’s scientists, researchers Oceanographic Commission has agreed to supply one officially all over Croatia and students. The very rich Library’s fund designated IOC Depository Centre in each country with copies includes also more than 6000 titles of books and journals, as of its publications and main documentation. So, the Library of well as theses, studies of the Institute and a very rich reference the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split is the IOC / collection (e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica, and many other UNESCO Depository Centre for Croatia. encyclopaedia, specialized lexicons, dictionaries, atlases …) This Library is also a member of European Association of Within this fund especially valuable are the collections of Aquatic Sciences Libraries and Information Centres - EURASLIC, the very important maritime expeditions, for example the which is a network linking European aquatic sciences libraries Expedition “Hvar“, “Pola“ Expedition, “ Princess Alice“- Monaco and information centres and a regional group of IAMSLIC - Expedition, Voyage of H.M.S. “ Challenger“ and so on. the International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centres. Old and rare books take a special place in the Library’s fund, with more than 200 titles from the period 1750 – 1910, and the The 14th Biennial Meeting of EURASLIC, Caught in the “fishing oldest book in the Library of the Institute of Oceanography net” of information, was held in Lyon, France, 17‐20 May 2011 and Fisheries is: and the Head of the Library Ingrid Čatić participated representing Donati V.,S esler L., Della storia naturale marina dell’ Adriatico: the Library of the Institute by the poster created in co-operation saggio, from 1750. with Anita Marušić, Technical Editor of Acta Adriatica. Joint There are many more interesting titles, such as: ODINECET (Ocean Data and Information Network for European - Olivi G., Zoologia Adriatica: ossia catalogo ragionato degli Countries in Economic Transition) /ODINBlackSea Workshop animali del Golfo e delle Lagune di Venezia, from 1792. was held in Sevastopol (Ukraine), from 12 to 14 September - Faber, G.L., The Fisheries of the Adriatic and the Fish thereof, 2011. Twenty two persons from eight countries participated at from 1883. the ODINECET Workshop, one of them being the head of our - Lorini, P., Ribanje i ribarske sprave: pri istočnim obalama Library. Jadranskog mora, from 1903.

45 Computing Center

Head of the computing center Main activities in the last two years Damir Ivanković, ([email protected]) data manager - database Development of mobile version of “Sea bathing water quality programming, web programming, data visualizations, web on beaches in the Republic of Croatia” - web application. This oriented GIS, system administrator is first web application developed on the Institute especially for small screen devices – smart phones and tablets. Staff (http://www.izor.hr/bathing) Stipe Muslim, ([email protected]) system administrator - local network development and management, real time automatic measurements systems development and management, oceanographic instrumentation

Overview of the center main activities - Maintenance of server computers (3 database servers, 2 numeric modeling servers, 2 web and mail servers, 2 data storage servers) - Maintenance of local computer network (120 network ports in two buildings, 8 network routers) - Maintenance of personal IT equipment (about 100 PC computers) - Development and Management of oceanographic databases with network interface - Development and maintenance of real-time data collection applications with automatic verification and database recording - Application and development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - Development and maintenance of oceanographic data measuring systems

46 For web oriented GIS we choose GeoServer 2.2, because of New production database server DELL PowerEdge R720 (32Gb its good references, open source and easy implementation. RAM, 2x Intel Xeon 2.3GHz 6 cores, 8x300Gb SAS HD) is recently GeoServer is running under Tomcat 5 application server. installed. Oracle database 11.2 and Oracle Application server GeoServer can store geospatial data in two basic ways: onto file 11.2 are used onto this server (migration from previously used system as files and into external database. We use both ways 10.2 version). to produce web interfaces for displaying and management of GIS layers. Further development of basic Institute multiparameters database. For web interface new modern techniques are used (Javascript, CSS, Jquery, AJAX).

47 Institute Core Projects

ADRIJA- state of demersal resources along the eastern Adriatic coast and recommendations for the sustainable management and protection Financed by: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč

This research project was implemented in the framework of a bilateral Croatian-Montenegro cooperation for 2011 and 2012. Project was conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Marine Biology in Kotor, Montenegro and the project leader was Dr. Aleksandar Joksimović. Main objective of this project was to make a review of previous research on demersal resources in the Adriatic Sea and to create common database of it. Further on, we wanted to perform evaluation and standardization of collected data and to asses a recent state of demersal resources along the eastern Adriatic coast that occurred as a consequence of longterm intensive exploitation. Special attention was devoted to analysis of populations of commercially most important species including the analysis of biomass trends and demographic population structure. On the basis of collected data and assessment of resources we prepared recommendations for future mesaures related to regulation of and protection with the aim of seting long term sustainable management.

48 Benthic research in area of Blitvenica Island.

Biodiversity of the benthos in the middle Adriatic Sea Caulerpa); completion of herbarium collection Ercegović/Špan; Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports preparation of red list and book of the marine flora; education of Project leader: Boris Antolić public through brochures and internet. Results of this research will be the base for further fundamental scientific research and Composition and distribution of endemic species, will have important role in education and nature protection (red geomorphological and climatic characteristics make the Middle book, marine flora database, internet presentations on invasive Adriatic one of 10 biogeographic areas of the Mediterranean. species, legislative regulations, etc.). Middle Adriatic is divided in coastal, island and open areas with classification of transitional, coastal, channel and open waters that result in diversity of benthic species and their communities. Biodiversity and management of pelagic and demersal Littoralisation of the coast, over fishing and aquaculture are the resources of the Adriatic main reasons of decreased biological diversity. Changes which Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports occur in the Adriatic benthos and coastal water quality should Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč be measured by universal metric methods developed for the whole Mediterranean (WFD). Particularly important areas and During 2011 and 2012 we continued research activities on species should be protected (Natura 2000, CroNEN) and public project Biodiversity and management of pelagic and demersal needs to be educated in this matter. resources of the Adriatic that started in year 2008. We Here are the hypotheses of the project: 1) Biodiversity of investigated reproductive characteristics, feeding, population Middle Adriatic benthos is increasing from coast towards open structure, age and growth of several marine species including seas; 2) Human impact, non indigenous and invasive species fish chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), sardine (Sardina lead towards measurable changes of benthos in the Middle pilchardus) and garfish (Belone belone). Studied bivalve species Adriatic; 3) Methods of water quality evaluation of coastal includes mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), European flat oyster waters developed for Mediterranean Sea (WFD) are applicable (Ostrea edulis), horse bearded mussel (Modiolus barbatus), for Middle Adriatic; 4) Education of public and global availability smooth clam (Callista chione), noble fan shell (Pinna nobilis) and and application of scientific data help to preserve the benthos cockle (Acanthocardia tubercolata). Besides research targeting in the Adriatic Sea. certin species, we investigated biodiversity and distribution of Expected results are the following: creation of algae check list cephalopods in north and middle Adriatic, as well as demersal from taxa Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta in the Middle Adriatic community composition in the deep Adriatic. Due to variations and creation of check list of Porifera from Croatian part of the in community composition and distribution of renewable, Adriatic; standardization of coastal water quality assesment commercially important pelagic and demersal species in the methods (WFD); a new contribution to the knowledge of Adriatic, we continued their systematic monitoring. Another the marine and brackish seagrasses; analysis of epifauna on research object was commercially very important large rhizome and leaves of seagrass P. oceanica and composition of pelagic fish – Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus, especially macroalgae in the upper infralittoral on investigated transect specimens in cage culture. During two year period Laboratory coast-open sea in the Middle Adriatic; taxonomic revision staff members published total of 22 papers in journals indexed of some algal taxa; human impact, non indigenous and in Current Contents database and six papers in journals with invasive species impact on benthic communities and species; international peer-review. During this period three PhD thesis development of control methods for invasive species (genus were successfully completed as well as seven graduate thesis.

49 Dynamic and pathology of parasitofauna in the cage-reared Ecological studies of toxic phytoplankton and fish system shellfish toxicity Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project leader: Ivona Mladineo Project leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan

Parasite population in cage-reared fish and shellfish is shaped Increased frequency of shellfish toxicity in our farms, obligate us by external (environment) and internal factors of the host to participate in international investigation with data obtained organisms. Assessing the appearance of parasite population through the national research. This project encompasses month by month, we gain an insight of the dynamic of biological and chemical research of shellfish toxicity as well as community increase or decrease. Correlating this with the investigation of life cycle of determined phytoplankton species external and internal factors, we can define those factors that and its ecological features. At the same time the examination have the greatest impact in shaping of parasite populations. of shellfish toxicity level fluctuations in response to various The organisms near the cages (wild fish, cage biofouling) are biotic and abiotic factors were performed through the statistical possible parasite resources for reared fish. Determining their analyses of obtained data. The main goal is to determine the parasite populations, we could distinguish at which extent key mechanisms that are responsible for blooming of certain they affect the invasion of reared fish or if the process runs species, particularly for those species that belong to the same in opposite direction. The most interesting is the population ecological niche. Better knowledge of environmental strategy of Myxosporidia, which we suspect contains developmental of some toxic species indicates the possibility of the prediction stages in the polychaetans from cage fouling. The range of these phenomena and to take measures to mitigate adverse of pathological effects on host depend of the host status effects. (condition, physiological state), although it is conditioned by environmental factors (salinity, temperature, organic matter). Thus under the specific conditions parasite invasions could pass unnoticeable, while under the others could cause disturbance of the existing equilibrium in the host–parasite relationship and disease breakout. By correlating the seasonal parasite dynamic with the onset of fish mortalities on the farm, would indicate the most sensitive period in the rearing cycle, and conclusively would aid in the planning of appropriate zoo-prophylactic measures.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) CY3 labeled 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA probe (red signals) on metaphase chromosomes (a, b) and interphase of the fish nuclei (c-d).

50 sea living resources. In order to determine the dynamics of target population in coastal area, the modern methods of fishery biology will be applied. A significance of the proposed project lies in research that enable reasonable and sustainable fishery management of Croatian coastal area and it adequate protection, as well as in better acquaintance with dynamic processes within fish populations.

Investigation and monitoring systems for the unusual Adriatic dynamics Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project leader: Ivica Vilibić

Management and biodiversity of sea living resources in The purpose of this project is to broaden the knowledge Croatian coastal area about unusual and extraordinary dynamics occurring in the Project leader: Jakov Dulčić Adriatic Sea, as well as the development of the monitoring, Financed by: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of communication and alarming systems for the mitigation of Republic of Croatia these phenomena which may be of real danger for the coastal regions, infrastructure and population. A coastal fishery on the Croatian part of the Adriatic is of The investigation of particular problems will be conducted in enormous importance for all fishery activities in the Republic the project, including: (i) unusual atmospheric phenomena of Croatia and according to statistical estimates of the catch and their manifestation in the sea, (ii) historical records and quantities takes second place. On the basis of 35 years of research instrumental measurements of the seismic and other tsunamis of composition and abundance of coastal fish communities, in the Adriatic Sea, (iii) extraordinary baroclinic waves (trapped cephalopods and crustaceans, we have established that their waves and internal tides), (iv) dense water currents and rapid catch has been constantly decreasing with increased fishing changes of deep biogeochemical properties, (v) design and effort since 1960 in the Croatian coastal area, while the catch building of the data acquisition systems in real or near-real quality is also lower and accompanied by different phenomena time, including those being useful for the alarming systems for related to catch composition. High exploitation of the Adriatic the destructive dynamic phenomena (e.g. tsunami), and (vi) coastal resources has influenced the state and changes in development and upgrading of numerical models, including many fish populations according to their biology, ecology and those being capable for the hindcasting and forecasting in real catch sensitiveness. The aim of proposed project is systematic or near-real time. The outcome of the research includes new research of state and changes in coastal areas, through findings about the unusual and extraordinary Adriatic dynamics, studies of population dynamics of commercially important fish, cephalopod and crustacean species. An additional aim is obtaining the new biological knowledge in order to enable realiation of reasonable and sustainable fishery management, together with protection of ichthyo-communities. Target fish species will be those suggested by Croatian Fishery Strategy, although other characteristic, important and dominant coastal species will also be studied. The assumption is that the coastal communities have significantly declined in number or even are overfished, thus their efficient protection is needed. Due to unreasonable exploitation, intra- and interspecies relationships in habitats are violated and detailed knowledge of population dynamics is a necessary prerequisite for sustainable management and effective protection.One of the major criteria for sustainable exploitation and efficacious protection is the detailed acquaintance with population dynamics. The Characteristic distribution of surface currents (white) and wind at 10 expected project results will be used as necessary scientific m (black) (as Aladdin’s) of the Bora strong blowing, isolated by using a support to reasonable and sustainable management of coastal method of self-organizing fields.

51 which may have an impact to the quality of the coastal and ocean used in numerical models. Novel statistical methods will be management, to the coastal infrastructure and human activities used to detect fast reorganisation of the ecosystem from one in the coastal regions. In addition, technological research and relatively stable state to another. The ecosystem regime control development will be a significant part of the project, including will be developed as a basis for timely alert at the beginning of the development of monitoring and communication systems in new climate regime in the atmosphere and sea. The goals of this real time, which is an essential component for the mitigation of project are: (1) Building a robust European standardized system any destructive dynamic process (e.g. tsunami). The usefulness for handling a large number of various data collected from of these systems became undoubtedly obvious after the Indian oceanographic research vessels and automatic measurement Ocean tsunami in December 2004, when tens of thousands of systems. (2) Connecting the oceanographic data centers in a human lives could have been saved by such a system, which unique network via the Internet, thus enabling easy search, was not available at the time. Furthermore, the investigations selection and retrieving of the oceanographic data regardless of of unusual dynamical phenomenon in the Adriatic should be the location of the national data center. The system will enable implemented in any applied study dealing with the sea and retrieving of various oceanographic data and the analysis from the coast, such as engineering of any hydrotechnical object all the seas surrounding Europe. in the sea (e.g. oil and water pipelines, piers, bridge towers, oil platforms) as well as for the investigations of accidental spreading of a pollutant in the surface (oil spills) and bottom (sewage discharges) layers.

Co-oscillations of atmosphere and the sea important for the Adriatic ecosystem Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project leader: Mira Morović

The studies and discussions about the climatic changes and their influence to the ecosystem assume a steady increase of the air temperature, as a consequence of increasing anthropogenic contribution to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In addition to these slow and long-lasting climatic changes, there occur abrupt changes which do not always have global character. A new paradigm about abrupt climatic changes assumes different regional regimes of shorter duration (decades). It is important to investigate climatic shifts for their influence to climate but also for influences that they can cause in the marine ecosystem. The main scope of the project is defining the stable climatic states and climatic indices with the purpose of prediction of the future states. Climate indices will be investigated from analysis of atmospheric fields like pressure, temperature, precipitation, heat and water fluxes, surface wind stress at spatial scales larger than the Adriatic that influence circulation, boundary layer conditions and thermohaline properties. The conditions in the sea will be monitored with systematic measurements at stations in the Middle Adriatic. Numerical models will be used for simulations on the decadal scales, to reveal response of the Adriatic to climatic variability of the atmospheric forcing. With results of numerical simulations we’ll try to interpret the causes of abrupt changes in the ecosystem within the last 50 years, and to give predictions of the future climate states and their influence to the ecosystem. Measurements of light attenuation Vertical distribution of temperature, salinity and density of sea water at and incoming radiation will allow better definition of parameters profile Split-Gargano during September, 2011.

52 Research of zootechnical and environmental conditions for Role of plankton communities in the energy and matter flow fish and cephalopods farming in the Adriatic Sea Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project Leader: Ivan Katavić Project Leader: Nada Krstulović

Insufficient involvement of scientific investigation is one of the The project investigates the role of plankton communities major problems in mariculture sector. Consequence of that is in the energy flow and organic matter cycling in the coastal orientation towards culturing of only two fish species, relatively and open Adriatic Sea, with particular reference to the low technological level of production, lack of automation, high spawning areas of small pelagic fish , mariculture areas and food conversion factor and in general low competitiveness. other areas under significant antropogenic influences. Special Further on, there is increasing concern for the ecological aspects attention will be paid to the Palagruža Sill area, since it is of of mariculture as consequence of insufficient knowledge about key importance for the functioning of the Adriatic ecosystem, impacts of culturing on marine communities. where waters originating from the continental shelf encounter Therefore, proposed project will aim to support sustainable, those from deep layers and therefore all the processes are best profitable and ecologically acceptable development of national observed. Plankton communities, including bacterioplankton, mariculture. Activities on the project will be directed towards phytoplankton and zooplankton, represent the fundamental gaining new knowledge and optimization of zootechnology of component of pelagic food webs Therefore the study of the mariculture, evaluation and introduction of new species into structure and functioning of each of them, as well as their mariculture, cultivation based on catch (tuna, octopus), as interactions, is highly important, especially since such data well as evaluation of mariculture impacts on natural ichthyo- provide the basis for establishing the production capacity of populations. Investigations will result in new findings that will an area. One of the central questions regarding functioning of enable establishing of brood stocks and adaptation of new marine ecosystems is the fate of primary production, namely species to conditions in captivity. significance of different pathways of carbon, from its fixation Investigation of biological response of new species to changing in the photosynthesis to higher trophic levels. Relationship environmental conditions will enable justified estimation of their between primary and secondary production, biomass and introduction to mariculture. We will define optimal methods for species composition of different plankton components at lower species whose cultivation is based on catch as well as for species trophic levels determine the main characteristics of trophic web that are cultivated during their entire life cycle. Biotechnological at higher levels. These interactions will be studied by analysing experiments will be directed towards gaining monosex and factors regulating the size and dynamics of populations in sterile juvenile populations that are characterized by better plankton communities. The project will investigate the cycling growth rates and in case of escape from culturing facilities will of nutrients and metals essential for the normal susteinance, not have impact on natural biodiversity. Through monitoring growth and reproduction of plankton populations («bottom- of reproductive biology of cultured tuna, we will collect data up» control) as well as factors affecting their elimination on gametogensis in cage conditions that will facilitate eventual (mortality, predation, viral activity) («top-down» control). By induction of spawning and cultivation of different development studying «bottomup » and «top-down» controls of plankton stages. Project will also encompass investigations on impacts communities we will attempt to determine main mechanisms of fish cage culturing on natural ichthyopopulations that form and control paths of characteristic phytoplankton blooms as assemblages near culture installations. Investigations and well as likely causes of the unusual occurrences («red tide», results will be verified in experimental hatchery on the basis of «mucilage»). Special attention will be given to the analysis of collected samples and compared with similar studies published response of plankton organisms to physical changes, on both, in journals dealing with aquaculture. short and long term time scales that is to the ways in which these changes are reflected upon the different levels of food chains and consequently the energy flow and cycling of matter.

53 Residence time of bacteria Escherichia coli in seawater and marine organisms Financed by: Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Project Leader: Mladen Šolić

Fecal origin wastewaters that enter into the sea directly or through sewage system discharge are one of the main sources of allochthonous microorganisms in marine environment. Some of these microorganisms are pathogen, and as such can cause different infections and diseases in humans and warm-blooded animals. Allochthonous microorganisms can accumulated in different marine organisms, especially in those that feed by filtration of sea water (filter feeders). One of the most important Period of intense top-down and bottom-up control of bacteria. groups of filter feeders in marine environment is Bivalvia. Since bivalves can accumulated all types of pollutants present in sea water including pathogen bacteria, they are, from the aspect of human health, a high-risk group of organisms. Proposed investigation is designed to test following two hypothesis: (1) Residence time of allochthonous microorganisms in marine environment is a direct function of their survival after they enter the sea, what is in turn result of synergic impact of number of environmental factors out of which the most important are sunlight intensity, temperature and salinity, and (2) Concentration of allochthonous microorganisms in bivalves is a result of concentration of these organisms in the sea where bivalves live, sea water filtration rates, habitat in which they live, bivalve species, size, and life cycle, as well as synergic impact of number of environmental factors out of which the most important is temperature. Main objective of this project is providing answers to the following questions: (1) How long is the survival time of bacteria Escherichia coli, as the most important indicator of faecal pollution, in marine environment in conditions of different sunlight intensities, temperature and salinity, (2) Is there a synergic action of investigated factors, (3) In which way survival time of bacteria E. coli changes with sea depth, (4) At which rate different bivalve species accumulate bacteria E. coli, and (5) In which way concentrations of E. coli in the sea, bivalve size, phase of the life cycle and temperature impact the above mentioned processes. We expect that results of this project will be very important for estimating impacts of sewage discharges and other sources of faecal pollution on sanitary quality of the sea, and will represent valuable entrance parameter for calculations related to design of underwater discharge systems. Moreover, these results may help in solving professional issues related to legislation. Further on, determination of factors that influence rate of concentration of marine microorganisms in bivalves will significantly improve Changes in microbial community structure in relation to the area trophic status. technology of bivalve aquaculture.

54 AQUAMED: Future research of aquaculture in the Mediterranean region Financed by: EU FP7 Project leader: Ivona Mladineo

The rapid development of Mediterranean aquaculture is developing common projects, and in planning for the increasingly confronted with a set of difficulties such as challenges Mediterranean aquaculture faces, now and into inadequate production systems and competition with other the future. AQUAMED will develop a cross-functional strategy users. Aquaculture development in the Mediterranean for aquaculture research in the Mediterranean region. It will countries is characterized by diverse levels of maturity in respect develop a multi-stakeholder platform to orchestrate research to research and development structures and capacities. Coastal activities, and it will publish a revolving implementation plan zones are of strategic importance to the EU. Many European aimed at the sustainable development of aquaculture. The citizens live, holiday and work in these areas and they area AQUAMED project will be based on a four step approach: major source of our food and raw materials. Consequently, a a) Database and map relevant policies, research activities and knowledge-based strategy for the sustainable development socio-economic characteristics for each partner country; b) of Mediterranean aquaculture has to be implemented using Identify common situations and constraints between countries; a flexible and concerted approach. AQUAMED will promote c) Group countries with similar driving forces, allowing for innovative Mediterranean research and focus on the most their engagement and to formulate scientifically-backed relevant issues needed to sustain aquaculture in the region. recommendations; d) Initiate a multi-stakeholder platform It will strengthen the EU-Mediterranean partnership in to promote research organization, shared objectives and a revolving implementation plan.

Reakcija tkiva dagnje Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia) na istovremenu infekciju hidrozoom Eugymnanthea inquilina (Cnidaria) i virnjakom Urastoma cyprinae (Turbellaria).

CREAM: Coordinating research in support to application of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) and management advice in the Mediterranean and Black Seas Financed by: EU – FP7 (KBBE20101.4.08 – Contract no. 265648 – 20112014) Responsible scientists at IOF: Nedo Vrgoč and Vjekoslav Tičina

The aim of the project is to establish network for future active collaboration of research organizations in order to organize well coordinated research and eventually enabling efficient practical implementation of the Ecosystem Approach in the management of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries.

55 PARASITE: Risk analysis of parasite and tool integration in EU fish production value chains Financed by: EU FP7 Project leader: Ivona Mladineo

Despite many efforts to ensure that only high-quality and safe The Work Plan has been organized in 9 work packages, each products are put on the market, fish-borne parasites continue to covering different stages of a risk assessment framework, pose risks to human health, with zoonotic infections and allergic providing new epidemiological data, monitoring tools, reactions mainly following consumption of raw, lightly cooked, development and implementation of parasite detection devices, or marinated seafood. The PARASITE proposal is presented technological tools for their mitigation, and dissemination by a multidisciplinary consortium of 12 European and 3 Asian of key results to all the stakeholders and the general public. research institutions and 6 European SMEs. It aims to provide Risk assessment of zoonotic parasites will ensure significant new scientific evidence and technological developments to progress beyond the state of the art. This will be achieved by detect, monitor, and mitigate impacts of zoonotic parasites, improving molecular hazard identification, antigen/allergen mainly anisakid nematodes but also trematode metacercariae, characterization, parasite exposure, assessment, detection occurring in European and imported fishery products. The methods and treatments for industrial and other end-users, Project will address the research needs identified by EFSA and an integrated quantitative risk analysis based on powerful regarding the risk of seafood-borne parasites. It also will statistics and modelling. facilitate close cooperation between scientists and end-users to The main results will impact by (1) contributing to enhanced produce new technological solutions and management tools for seafood safety, with consequent benefits for public health and both European and imported fishery products. consumer confidence, (2) strengthening the competitiveness of European seafood, from the net to the plate and (3) improving EU food safety policies.

Tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins TNFα1 Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus created by using SWISS MODEL Workspace (Arnold et al., 2006) server for homologous modeling: a) superposition assumed TNFα1 monomers bluefin tuna (blue) to human TNF injection moldings (green); (b) monomer TNFα1 bluefin tuna (c) the likely quaternary structure of the trimer TNFα1 Bluefin tuna: chain trimers are shown in different colors, spherical shapes represent disulfide bridges between chains.

56 PERSEUS - Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research for the Southern European Seas Financed by: EU FP7 National coordinator: Ivona Marasović

The overall scientific objectives of the project PERSEUS are to During this expedition the IOF and Italian scientists will conduct identify the interacting patterns of natural and human-derived the training activities for the other participants, with the aim of pressures on the Mediterranean and Black Seas (SES), assess joint implementation of MSFD in Adriatic waters. In addition, their impact on marine ecosystems and, using the objectives through this project Croatia is included in the Mediterranean and principles of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Global Ocean Observing System, since within the PERSEUS as a vehicle, to design an effective and innovative research Project there is the network of the oceanographic buoys of Italy, governance framework based on sound scientific knowledge. Spain, France, Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Turkey and Bulgaria. Well-coordinated scientific research and socio-economic analysis will be applied at wide-ranging scale from basin to coastal. The new knowledge will advance our understanding on the selection and application of the appropriate descriptors and indicators of the MSFD. New tools will be developed in order to evaluate the current environmental status by way of combining monitoring and modelling capabilities and existing observational systems will be upgraded and extended. In particular, it should develop the science-base needed to understand how the natural SeaDataNet-II (Pan-European infrastructure for Ocean & land-ocean processes that are characteristic of semi-enclosed Marine Data Management) basins (peculiar role of air-sea fluxes and fresh water fluxes, Financed by: EU (FP-7) specific water mass ventilation rates, hydraulic control of flows Responsible scientists at IOF: Vlado Dadić across straits) and the anthropogenic processes (effects of large cities, coastal development, pollution, recreational activities, SeaDataNet FP7 project (2011-2015), that continues to FP6 fishing and aquaculture activities) interact in these two basins (2006-2011), within which is evolving operational pan-Euro- In view of reaching Good Environmental Status (GES), a scenario- pean infrastructure for managing, indexing and access to data based framework of adaptive policies and management sets and information on the marine environment (e.g. physical, schemes will be developed. Scenarios of a suitable time frame chemical, geological and biological properties), and their long- and special scope will be used to explore interactions between term storage and preservation. Data are checked and managed projected anthropogenic and nature pressures. A feasible and in distributed data centers that are interconnected via SeaData- realistic adaptation policy framework will be defined and ranked Net infrastructure so users access them through an integrated in relation to vulnerable marine sectors/groups/regions in order portal: http://www.seadatanet.org. Data centers are mostly Na- to design management schemes for marine governance. Finally, tional Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs), which are part of the project will promote the principles and objectives outlined oceanographic research institutes involved in the IOC / Iode in the MSFD across the SES. network. Given that the data originate from various sources can Within the PERSEUS Project IOF will also organize an international impose large demands on the quality, removal of duplicate data expedition across the Adriatic Sea by the research vessel BIOS and the overall coherence of the integrated data set, what has II, in which with the Croatian scientists also the scientists from been achieved within the project SeaDataNet by establishing Italy, Albania, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina will and maintaining a unified directory metadata and data access participate. services, as well as the use the adopted standards.

57 Towards a meteotsunami warning system along the U.S. coastline (TMEWS) Financed by: NOAA/NWS, USA Duration: 1.11.2011-30.6.2013. Project leader: Ivica Vilibić

Meteotsunamis, or meteorological tsunamis, are atmospherically induced ocean waves in the tsunami frequency band that are found to affect coasts in a destructive way in a number of places in the World Ocean. The waves are not related to any seismic activity, volcanic explosions, submarine SESAME - Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modeling landslides or meteorite impacts but to atmospheric forcing, Ecosystem changes including atmospheric gravity waves, pressure jumps, frontal Financed by: EU FP6 passages, squalls, and tropical cyclones. Meteotsunami waves National coordinator: Ivona Marasović has been observed and intermittently studied along the U.S. coastline, but no comprehensive and interdisciplinary studies The general scientific objectives of SESAME are to assess and have been performed, especially on the source of meteotsunami predict changes in the Mediterranean and Black Sea ecosystems waves. Therefore, the first objective of the TMEWS project is as well as changes in the ability of these ecosystems to provide to improve our understanding of the sources and atmospheric goods and services. The Mediterranean and Black Sea will properties of U.S. meteotsunamis, their interaction with be approached as a coupled climatic/ecosystem entity, with coastal waters, and their amplification when approaching and links and feedbacks to the world ocean. The assessment of impacting the shoreline. Historical U.S. meteotsunamis, such as ecosystem changes will be based on the identification of the that at Daytona Beach FL in 1992 and Booth Bay MA in 2008, major regime shifts in ecosystems that occurred during the will be investigated by analyzing all available atmospheric and last 50 years. Mathematical models, validated and upgraded oceanic data, and by reproducing the events with atmospheric using existing and new observations, will be used to predict and oceanic numerical models. The acquired knowledge will be ecosystem responses to changes in climate and anthropogenic used for the assessment of the processes, and for determining forcings during the next five decades. SESAME will also study the parameters and variables that can be used in a timely the effect of the ecosystem variability on key goods and services detection of meteotsunamis. An assessment of the NWS/NOAA with high societal importance like tourism, fisheries, ecosystem observing facilities will be performed, and the applicability and stability through conservation of biodiversity and mitigation necessary modifications will be proposed in order to fulfill the of climate change through carbon sequestration in water and requirements for the timely detection of meteotsunamis. The sediments. The innovative character of SESAME is reflected in final objective of the TMEWS project is to develop a decision- the close merging of economic and natural sciences to study making meteotsunami matrix that will include associated the changes in the western and eastern Mediterranean and operational protocols and procedures, and a flowchart of the Black Sea within the period from 50 years in the past to the meteotsunami warning system from its detection on the 50 years in the future. SESAME will stimulate and strengthen observational network to the issuing of meteotsunami alerts. international cooperation in the Mediterranean and Black Sea As part of the overall objective of the TMEWS project to regions through the participation of research organizations build an efficient meteotsunami warning system, the project from Member States, Associated States, Associated Candidate will incorporate different groups of users (scientists, coastal countries, non-EU Mediterranean and NIS countries as well as engineers, coastal management authorities, etc.) and raise international organizations. public awareness in high-risk meteotsunami areas, resulting in The scientific objectives of SESAME are: an increased safety level of coastal population and in decreased - To assess changes in the SES ecosystems over the last 50 years. potential damage to property, goods and service along the U.S. - To assess the current status of the SES ecosystems through coastline. analysis of existing and newly collected data at basin scale as well as through model simulations - To predict changes in the SES ecosystems, using existing and new observations at a regional and basin scale in order to construct scenarios of the ecosystem responses to likely changes in climate and anthropogenic forcings during the next five decades.

58 Bivalve feeding, competition and predation – what is at play? Financed by: Unity through Knowledge (www.ukf.hr) Project leader: Melita Peharda Uljević

In the first half of 2011, project dealing with feeding ecology Scientists from several IOF laboratories participated in of commercially important bivalves, that lasted for a total of implementation of this project including those from Laboratory 18 months, was successfully completed. Main objective of of Fisheries Science and Management of Pelagic and Demersal this project was to determine if there is competition for food Resources, Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity and sources between different species of bivalves, what is the Physical Oceanography Laboratory. Further more, scientists extent of these relationships and in which way they impact from the Institute Ruđer Bošković in Rovinj and University bivalve seed collection and aquaculture production. We College Cork (Ireland) have give a significant contribution analyzed seasonal changes in plankton communities as well as to this project. Project results and recommendations for stomach contents of selected bivalve species (Figure 6). Project sustainable bivalve aquaculture were prepared in written form included investigation of four bivalves including mussel (Mytilus and distributed to stakeholders, while scientific results were galloprovincialis) and European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) from published in five papers in journals indexed in Current Contents commercial aquaculture, and Noah’s ark shell (Arca noae) data base, one paper published in IOF journal Acta Adriatica, as and Horse beaded mussel (Modiolus barbatus) from natural well as presented at four international conferences. populations and experimental aquaculture.

The extraction of stomach contents: (a) 70% ethanol injection, (b) measurement of specimens prior to extraction of the stomach, (c) opening the shell, and (d) extraction of the stomach using Pasteur pipettes.

59 EMBOS – Development and implementation of a pan- In EMBOS the needed large-scale network of research locations European Marine Biodiversity Observatory System in Europe will be installed to assess long-term changes in marine Financed by: COST (European Cooperation in the field of biodiversity and their possible causes taking into account Scientific and Technical Research) natural as well as anthropogenic gradients. EMBOS will also National coordinator: Natalia Bojanić extend and optimize this observatory system, including novel interdisciplinary approaches for research. Marine biodiversity varies over large scales of time and Laboratory of plankton is contributing to Project through the space, and requires a research strategy beyond the tradition/ fundamental taxonomical research of microphytoplankton, capabilities of classic research. ciliates, micrometazoa and mesozooplankton components, Researches that cover these scales require a permanent as well as with investigations regarding the impact of trophic international pan-European network of observation stations gradient on changes in plankton community dynamics and with an optimized and standardized methodology. structure. Additional efforts will be dedicated to the occurrence of toxic phytoplankton species and dynamics of tintinnid and copepod communities.

HyMex (HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment) Financed by: French guvernment National coordinator: Branka Picek (DHMZ) Coordinators at IOF: Branka Grbec and Mira Morović

The Mediterranean basin has quite a unique character that Mediterranean regions have been identified as one of the two results both from physiographic conditions and historical and main „hotspots” of the climate changes which means that the societal developments. The region features a nearly enclosed climate of this area is particularly sensitive to global changes. sea surrounded by very urbanized littorals and mountains Expected is a strong drop in average rainfall and increased from which numerous rivers originate. This results in a lot of rainfall variability during the dry (warm) season, as well as a interactions and feedbacks between oceanic-atmospheric- large increase in temperature. The evolution of the climate in hydrological processes that play a predominant role on the Mediterranean is however still largely uncertain. This region climate and ecosystems and highly imact the weather as is characterized by high population growth and urbanization, well. In the Mediterranean area concentrated are high imact putting increasing pressure on water resources. Required is weather events associated to hydrology cycle, including severe progress in monitoring and joint Modelling of the Mediterranean cyclogenesis, extreme events that produce heavy damages up climate system (atmosphere-soil-sea) to quantify the changes, to human losses; heavy precipitation and flash flooding during better predict their future development and gave guidance the fall season, severe cyclogeneses associated with strong for the development of adaptation measures. This social winds and large swell or heat waves and droughts accompanied and scientific issues are motivations for HyMeX program by forest fires during summer, highly impacting the population (Hydrological cycle in the editerranean Experiment, http://www. in the area. The capability to predict such dramatic events hymex.org/). The goal of HyMeX is a better quantification and remains weak because of the contribution of very fine scale understanding of the water cycle in the Mediterranean, with processes and their non-linear interactions with the larger scale an emphasis on intense events. HyMeX proposed monitoring processes. Water is a critical resource for a large part of the and associated modeling of air-soil-sea in the Mediterranean, Mediterranean. Fresh water is scarce and unevenly distributed and monitoring of social vulnerabilities associated with water in time and space with a few short periods of heavy rainfall and resources and extreme events. The variability of the system long periods of drought. Such situation, with increasing demand from individual events over seasonal to interannual scale will for water is worsening with climate changes. be monitored as well as characteristics of the system during a decade (2010-2020) in context of global changes.

60 Brown algal biodiversity and ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Financed by: TOTAL Foundation Project leader: Prof. Christos Katsaros Key objectives include pioneering studies of the largely National coorinator: Ante Žuljević and Vedran Nikolić unexplored Eastern Mediterranean’s deep-water flora, with the aid of submersible and ROVs and molecular-genetic research A 4-year international project “Brown algal biodiversity and with the aim to resolve uncertain taxonomic classification ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea” is funded with of some species. This project will be a great opportunity to € 300,000 by TOTAL Foundation. It aims to achieve a more focus on the effects of climate change, pollution and invasive comprehensive understanding of the Eastern Mediterranean species on the Mediterranean Ecosystem. During the spring seaweed biodiversity and its role in the functioning of the 2010 deepwater algal communites in the central Adriatic were marine ecosystem. The project is a multinational effort – even surveyed with the use of R/V BIOS DVA and fully equipped though it is centered in Greece, it has major contributions ROV Pollux II in cooperation with Italian scientists from ISPRA by scientists from Croatia (IOF-Split), Cyprus, Turkey, Israel, institute. A very rare deepwater alga Laminaria rodriguezii was California, France, Germany, Japan and Scotland. recorded near Palagruža island.

Rare deep alga Laminaria rodriguezii found near Palagruža Island at 95 m depth. Brown algae Dictyota dichotoma collected in the Ionian Sea for the purpose of herbarium collections as part of the research of brown algae.

HAZADR (Strengthening common reaction capacity to fight sea pollution of oil, toxic and hazardous substances inA driaticS ea Financed by: EU (IPA) Responsible scientists at IOF: Vlado Dadić

Summary: The main objective of the Project HAZADR Project immediate and long term effects in the environment of the (2012 - 2014) is to establish a common system for cross-border whole Adriatic, with profound socio-economic consequences risk prevention and management of emergencies in order to for all coastal communities.Institute participates in the HAZADR preserve the environment, and to strengthen the capacity of joint Project through the acquisition of two high-frequency radars rapid response in case of an environmental crisis in the Adriatic and their location in the central Dalmatia with objective to Sea. In fact, the Adriatic Sea is under heavy environmental measure surface currents in the Hvar and Vis channel. The pressure because of relatively high population density and radars will have a operating frequency 13 MHz to enable concentration of industry and other economic activities, including measurement of surface currents in the area and up to 3600 maritime traffic. Particularly important is transportation of km2.After placing the radars on the predicted position the large quantities of oil through the Strait of Otranto tothe Institute specialists will manage their operational work, and embarkation ports that are mostly located in the northern part will check the measurement data, analyze and store them in of the Adriatic. On the other side, the Adriatic Sea is relatively a specially developed data warehouse and shall deliver them small and closed, for the most part shallow and goes deep in real time to other participants in the project via network into the European continent so it is ecologically very sensitive. server: http :/ / www.izor. com / hazadr. It is foreseen that this Because of its relatively small dimensions occurrence of system will be used as operational system after completion of ecological problems in one region can easily cause the the project.

61 OPP - Data Collection Framework in Fisheries (DCF) SOLEMON Evaluation of stock of common sole (Solea solea) in Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries the northern Adriatic using different fishing gears Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč Financed by: FAO AdriaMed Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč (National coordinator) In a framework of multi-annual project on data collection in fisheries of the Republic of Croatia (2012-2013) collection This project was initiated in 2004 and it includes participation of biological data for most important métiers in commercial of three neighbouring countries: Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. fishery was initiated in accordance with DCF (EU regulations) Project objective is assessment of population of common sole (EC 199/2008, EC 665/2008, EC 949/2008). Sampling (Solea solea) and all other flat fish in the Adriatic Sea. Sampling methodology and dynamics were set up taking into account is conducted once a year using beam trawl in the area north of the above mentioned regulations as well as recommendations Jabuka pit. In addition, along Italian coast data on commercial provided by international expert team that was engaged by the catch of this group of marine organisms are collected. On board Directorate of Fisheries and that had a task to develop National analysis includes qualitative and quantitative catch composition plan for data collection in fisheries of the Republic of Croatia. of the beam trawl (including analysis of macrozoobenthos), Having in mind that IOF has a long term record of participation demographic population structure (length, age, sexual maturity) in monitoring of fisheries, these experiences have also been of all target species (common sole, all flat fish, angler fish), and used for determining sampling dynamics and modes of data genetic population structure of common sole. This project also collection. During year 2012 complete data collection was provides annual estimate of common sole population in GSA 17 initiated in accordance to the above mentioned DCF. that is presented at GFCM. Project has been suggested to STCEF to be included in list of compulsory project of the EU DCF.

PELMON-MEDIAS: Acoustic survey on small pelagic fish – harmonization with DCF requirements Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina

The basic aim of the Project PELMON-MEDIAS is assessment of overall resources needed for full harmonization of previous national pelagic monitoring project PELMON (2002-2010) with future implementation of these research activities fully harmonized with requirements as defined within EU Data Collection Framework (DCF). In addition, the aim of the Project is direct assessment of abundance and spatial distribution of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) resources in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, independently from the data from commercial fisheries. The project was carried out during 2011 year.

Field research for the project SOLEMON.

62 AdriaMed Deep Sea Survey Financed by: FAO AdriaMed Project leader: Igor Isajlović (National coordinator)

This project is organized as a part of FAO AdriaMed (Food and In the south Adriatic pit total of four expeditions were organized Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) regional project in 2008 and 2010, using specially modified bottom trawl net, and it includes investigation of the deepest parts of south Adri- pelagic trawl net, surface and bottom long lines and traps for atic pit. Its objectives include collecting fisheries biological data, crustaceans and fish. During 2011 and 2012 we worked on the description of bathyal fauna biodiversity (Figure 1), assessment analysis of collected samples, statistical analysis and prepara- of exploitation potential and preparation of measures for pro- tion of reports. tection of deepest parts of the Adriatic Sea. Additional objectives of this project include determination of most appropriate fishing gear and method for sampling at great depths, and their improvement.

Deep-sea organisms were recorded during the study South Adriatic Pit at depths of 1200 within project FAO AdriaMed Deep Sea: A) Dipturus nidarosiensis B) Notacanthus bonapartei C) Chaliodus sloan, D) Nemichthys scolopaceus E) Ancistroteuthis Lichtenstein, F) Chiroteuthis veranyi.

63 UWTV Survey in Central Adriatic Jabuka Pit MED POL Financed by: FAO AdriaMed Financed by: UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč (National coordinator) Project leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan

This project is conducted in the framework of FAO AdriaMed For the protection and monitoring of the marine environment project with the objective of introducing alternative of the Mediterranean Sea, cooperation between the methodology for assessment of demersal resources, primarily Mediterranean countries and the European Union›s have been Norwegian lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in the Jabuka Pit established through the Plan of action in the Mediterranean area. Participating institutions are IOF (Split, Croatia) and CNR (MAP - Mediteranean Action Plan), which is part of the United (Ancona, Italy). The objective of this project is assessment of Nations Convention on the protection of the environment Norwegian lobster biomass in the Jabuka Pit with the use of (United Nations Environmental Program, UNEP). Program underwater camera, and comparison of such data with data evaluation and control of pollution in the Mediterranean obtained by bottom trawling net (though projects MEDITS, FAO area started in 1975 as part of the Mediterranean Action Plan AdriaMed Trawl survey, GRUND, DCR and DemMon). (MAP), which is now in phase III (2006-2013). In line with the Barcelona Convention (Article 12) all member states are obliged to implement national monitoring program and determine the persons responsible for pollution monitoring. Land-Based Source Protocol (Article 8) provides systematic evaluations of pollution in the coastal zone with particular emphasis on the areas affected by various human activities, and evaluate the effectiveness of the action plan, and measures contained in the Protocol on reducing the impact of pollution on the marine environment as the main objectives of the program payment for.

Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) filmed with underwater towed. LME-EAF - Strategic partnership for the Mediterranean Large camera in their habitats during the project UWTV Marine Ecosystem (Ecosystem approach to fisheries) Financed by: FAO MEDITS (Mediterranean International Bottom Trawl Survey) Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč Financed by: EC Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč Main objective of this project is development of human potentials related to ecosystem approach in fisheries. Through MEDITS project is systematic and permanent monitoring of state workshops, technical support and individual training targeting of demersal communities in the Mediterranean Sea, including staff and scientists involved in fisheries, project creates the Adriatic Sea. Project is partially financed by European presumptions for strategic partnership between stakeholders Commission and in part by participating countries. Up to now in fisheries. Global trends demand approach that includes following countries have been involved in this project: Spain, simultaneous analysis of all fishing gear, all species, ecosystem France, Italy, Greece, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, characteristics as well as socioeconomic aspects of fishery to Malta and Cyprus. Croatia joined MEDITS project in 1996. Since gain a complete insight into complex fisheries issues. 2001, participation in MEDITS project is mandatory for all EU member countries and methodology of data collection and their analysis is standardized for all participants. Data collected through this project make up the basis for assessment of state of commercially most important species in the Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea, as well as for creation of national and international management plans for demersal resources.

64 Marine Reference Centre reporting purposes, in accordance with special regulations and Customer: Government of the Republic of Croatia / international agreements; Environmental Protection Agency it provides support in developing and establishing the Project leader: Vlado Dadić Marine Information System, which is an integral part of the Environmental Information System, including the establishment After several years of very good cooperation with the of relevant databases and georeferenced browsers, with the Institute in reporting on the state of the marine environment, development of technology, and it develops models, analytical fisheries and mariculture, and after the invitation to tender methods and predictions as tools to support the development of by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Croatian the marine monitoring programs, plans and measures to protect Government appointed the Institute of Oceanography the marine environment, national and regional strategies; and Fisheries in Split the Marine Reference Centre of the it participates in the work of professional bodies and working Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the period from groups within the European Topic Centre on Sea and Water, 2012 to 2015 pursuant to the Decision issued at the 15th as well as for the European Information and Observation Government Session on 15 March 2012 (Official Gazette of the Network and European Information System for Water. Republic of Croatia, No. 34/12). The Stated Marine Reference The annual work programs are made taking into account Centre is determined on the basis of Article 123 of the the requirements of the Government Decision, the Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of obligations contained in the annual work plan of the EPA Croatia No. 110/07) with the purpose of providing professional and the obligations under the relevant national regulations and scientific support to the EPA in collecting and analysing and international obligations assumed in connection the data on the state of the sea and its environment, fisheries with monitoring and reporting on the state of the marine and aquaculture, development and calculation of parameters environment under the jurisdiction of the Agency. (including the National List of Indicators), development and This especially applies to reporting to the European Environment use of the marine information system (ISM) as part of the Agency (EEA) within the European Environment Information and Environmental Information System (EIS), and for fulfilling the Observation Network (EIONET) and the European Information obligation to report on the state of the marine environment System for Water and Sea (WISE) and the mandatory reporting as per the national and international requirements (special to the European Commission (EC). Therefore, the EEA guidelines regulations and international agreements). are also taken into consideration, respectively its Information According to the Government Decision, the Marine Reference and Observation Network EIONET, since EEA established, in Centre performs for the EPA the following tasks: order to ensure the quality of data, reports and other services, It collects, compiles, analyzes and verifies data on the corresponding European topic centres (ETC-European Topic monitoring the state of the marine environment, fisheries Centres) helping in the realisation of the annual work program. and mariculture effected by the competent bodies and Herewith we should also note the activity of the Reference institutions as per the special regulations and international Centre for fulfilling the obligations set out in the MSFD and WFD agreements, and participates in suggesting and establishing Directives, like making the proposal of dividing the Adriatic a network of monitoring the mentioned state and developing Sea into 5 areas, development of descriptors, indicators and the plans for conducting the monitoring of the state; parameters as per each type of waters and completing of DIKE in collaboration with the EPA it maintains and updates tables by the descriptors on the initial state of the environment, the indicators on the state of the marine environment, more data and information concerning that being available on fisheries and mariculture, including the National List the website: http:/ / www.izor.hr / azo. of Indicators, and prepares for them the analysis of trends and develops and manufactures new features; it provides technical assistance to the implementation of the regulations, offering a framework for the implementation of the Community acquis of the European Union in the field of marine environmental protection, fisheries and mariculture, and it participates in the activities of professional bodies and working groups of the EPA in the preparation and implementation of conservation projects for the marine environment; it provides scientific, professional, and technical assistance for the preparation, development and validation of the reports and prepared assessments of the state of marine environment for

65 Initial assessment of the state and pressures onC roatian part Classification of the Area and Making a Program Proposal and of the AdriaticS ea Implementation of Monitoring of Transitional and Coastal Financed by: Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection Waters of the Adriatic Sea, according to the Requirements of Project leader: Nada Krstulović the Water Framework Directive of EU (2000/60/EC) Financed by: Croatian Waters In the framework of the implementation process of Marine Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EZ) and preparation of Strategy for marine environment protection, document The aim of the project is to design a proposal of a monitoring „Initial assessment of the state and pressures on Croatian plan and program for transitional and coastal waters according part of the Adriatic Sea“ is the first step in determination of the to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. environmental targets in the achieving good environmental The acceptance of the program proposal is followed by the status and preservation of marine environment. Document was implementation of monitoring of transitional and coastal waters prepared taking account of existing data where available and and by the establishment of the national classification system comprising the following: for “ecological status” assessment. - an analysis of the essential features and characteristics, and The project is divided into two phases: (Phase I): Analysis of the current environmental status of Adriatic waters, based on impacts and influences on the status of transitional and coastal the indicative lists of elements set out in Table 1 of Annex III waters, assessment of the risk of failing to achieve a good status, of MSFD (2008/56/EZ), and covering the physical and chemical and development of the monitoring plan and program proposal features, the habitat types, the biological features and the adapted to the requirements of WFD are planned based on the hydro-morphology; existing and available data and expert evaluation of the status - an analysis of the predominant pressures and impacts, of transitional and coastal waters. including human activity, on the Adriatic environmental status. (Phase II) includes monitoring of chemical and ecological status of transitional and coastal waters, formation ofa Quality control of the Coastal Adriatic Sea (Pag-Konavle proposal for national “ecological status” classification system, Project) and development of the initial assessment of ecological and Financed by: Department for Water Protection, Croatian Waters chemical status of transitional and coastal waters. Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić

The program “Quality Control of the Coastal Sea (Pag-Konavle Project)” is carried out for the “Water Protection Department of Croatian Waters” to gain insight into the quality of the Adriatic coastal sea from the Island Pag to Cavtat. The purpose of the investigation is to identify possible changes caused by natural processes or anthropogenic activities through systematic monitoring of sea water quality. Analyses include investigation of the most important indicators of sea water quality: physical, chemical and biological properties of sea water, characteristic contaminants and climate characteristics of the area as well Trophic index TRIX at studied stations during 2011. as water mass dynamics. Special attention is given to potential changes in the composition of plankton communities caused by anthropogenic factors in waters near urbanized areas along the coastline. The Laboratory is involved in investigation of spatial and temporal distribution of trophic state chemical indicators (oxygen concentration, inorganic and organic forms of nutrients, pH values) in coastal waters. Moreover, the Laboratory is also engaged in investigation of sediment and shellfish to determine the levels of contamination by hazardous compounds (heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons) in the coastal area from Pag to Konavle.

66 Systematic Investigation of Transitional and Coastal Waters Quality during the period 2012.-2013. Financed by: Department for Water Protection, Croatian Waters Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić

The program “Systematic Investigation of Transitional and Coastal Waters Quality in 2012. and 2013.” is conducted for the “Water Protection Department of Croatian Waters”, to determine the ecological quality status of water bodies in the area of transitional and coastal waters of the Adriatic basin. Through the surveillance monitoring ecological and biological quality elements are investigated: - Phytoplankton (including the related physico-chemical indicators), - Macroalgae, Monitoring stations for biological quality of phytoplankton (including - Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica in coastal waters and Cymodocea the related physical-chemical parameters) in the project “Systematic re- nodosa in transitional waters), view of the quality of transitional and coastal water in 2012 and 2013”. - Benthic invertebrates, - Fish (only in transitional waters), and the assessment of the ecological status of water bodies is developed. In water bodies of transitional and coastal waters, where an unsatisfactory ecological status had been previously determined, by means of this program the level of monitoring has been elevated from basic (surveillance) to higher level (operational) which includes a higher monitoring frequency and a higher number of additional indicators. Beside the implementation of the surveillance and operational monitoring, this program serves as a foundation for determination of ecological potential in waters proposed as candidates for heavily modified water bodies. Field research for the assessment of ecological status of transitional waters using CYMOX.

Field research for the assessment of ecological status of transitional waters using POMI.

67 MEDIAS: Acoustic survey (echo-monitoring) for the assessment of spatial distribution and abundance of small pelagic fish populations in the Adriatic Sea. Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina

Project MEDIAS is a scientific research at sea performed with research vessel „BIOS DVA“ within national framework of fisheries data collection (OPP), made in accordance with EU Data Collection Framework (DCF). The aim of the Project is direct assessment of abundance of commercially important pelagic fish in the Adriatic Sea, i.e. anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus), independently from the data from commercial fisheries, by means of acoustic survey. Acoustic sampling covers entire continental shelf within territorial waters and Protected Ecological-Fishery Zone (ZERP) of Republic of Croatia, that in the open sea is carried out along 30 parallel transects perpendicular to the coast line, in direction of 43°-223°, from the coast up to mid-line of the Adriatic Sea and randomly positioned transects in the inner sea (Figure 3.). Acoustic data are collected by calibrated scientific echo-sounder SIMRAD EK-60 (38 kHz) as echograms (Figure 4). EDSU (Elementary Distance Sampling Unit) for analysing echo integrals value, so called NASC (Nautical Acoustic Scattering Assess of ecological status of water bodies of transitional and coastal Coefficient) in m2/Nm2, is one nautical mile. Additional sampling waters in 2011. with aim to enable identification of echo traces and collect fish samples for further biological analyses is made with mid-water trawl.

OPP DemMon – Data collection framework for demersal fisheries Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč

This project started in year 2012 as a continuation of DemMon project. Samples are taken on board from commercial catches Sampling in the benthos for the purpose of Biological Baseline Survey as well as on landing sites. Targeted species include hake, project in Ploče harbour. red mullet, Norwegian lobster, musky and horned octopus. Biological Baseline Survey Sampling methodology is completely in accordance with EC-DCF. Financed by: Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Collected data serve as scientific base for assessment of state of Infrastructure demersal resources in Adriatic and preparation of measures for Project leader: Živana Ninčević Gladan regulation of fisheries and protection of renewable demersal resources in the fishing sea of the Republic of Croatia. In the frame of this project, composition of biological communities of plankton, nekton and benthic organisms have been determined according to CRIMP protocol. Besides biotical, abiotical parameters and sediment composition have been determined in Harbor Bakar, Harbor Omišalj, Harbor Raša, Harbor Rijeka, Harbor Split and Harbor Ploče. The main objective of the project is to develop a baseline list of species in an area and to provide the basis for possible early detection of invasive species in the Adriatic ports.

68 Monitoring of pelagic commercial fishery (PERIMON) Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Vanja Čikeš Keč

The fact that Croatian fishing fleet mainly consist of purse seiners, which are generally used for exploitation of small pelagic fish species, and that its catches comprised an average of 85.4 % (2009) of total Croatian catches, indicates that sardine and anchovy are the most important commercially exploited fish species in Croatian part of Adriatic Sea. Therefore necessity for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of sardine and anchovy catches obtained with purse seiners occurred. In 2011 monitoring of purse seiners commercial Area of echo monitoring with the position of transects along which catches started. Main goals of this monitoring were: (i) describe were performed hydroacoustic samplings. qualitative and quantitative catch composition obtained by purse seines; (ii) describe length and age structure of two commercially most important pelagic fish, precisely sardine and anchovy, and provide information concerning their length- weight relationship ; (iii) describe the purse seine selectivity; (iv) describe qualitative and quantitative bycatch composition obtained by purse seines; (v) to critically review existing legal regulation measures in relation to the state of the pelagic resource; (vi) describe sardine and anchovy biomass trends and indexes; (vii) according to all collected and analysed data provide some recommendation that should provide more responsible and sustainable exploitation as well as better protection of these renewable resources.

OPP PERIMON – Data Collection framework for purse seiners Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project leader: Vanja Čikeš Keč Echogram of small pelagic fish school.

From 2012 Croatia started a program DCF (Data Collection Framework) by which Croatia tend to collect biological data from purse seine fishery in accordance with EU regulations (EC 199/2008, EC 665/2008 i EC 949/2008). Furthermore, in accordance with EU regulations as well as the guidelines set out by an international expert team committed to help Croatia to develop a National Plan for data collection in fisheries the scheme was set up by the dynamics and sampling methodology in order to monitor purse seine fishery that should be as far as possible in accordance with the regulations of DCF. Target species for which biological samples will be collected were determined according to their amount in the total Croatian fishery catches (annual catch of over 200 tons), as well as responsibility for the collection of data for individual stock due to DCF (group G1 according to EC 949/2008). During 2012 throughout this monitoring scheme samples of two pelagic fish species determined as target ones - sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) were collected.

69 Sardine and anchovy samples were collected from commercial DemMon – Assessment of distribution and abundance of purse seiners on board or at the landing sight. All collected demersal fish species and other marine organisms in the samples are analysed in the Laboratory. Total length (TL) (±0.1 Adriatic Sea mm) and total body weight (W) (±0.01 g) of each specimen were Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries measured. The length-weight relationship for both species was Project leader: Nedo Vrgoč calculated and allometric growth parameters were determined. Sex was macroscopically determined. Age was determined by Staring from year 2002, members of this Laboratory set up a reading the otoliths. Throughout this monitoring collected data permanent monitoring of demersal fisheries with the objective are: (i) metier-related variables, (ii) stock-related variables, (iii) of describing recent state of this type of fishery and creating transversal variables. recommendations for establishing a long term sustainable management. Demersal monitoring includes collection of TUNE-CPUE: Analyses of purse seiners fishing activities and fisheries, biological and socioeconomic data on demersal fishery their effectiveness in bluefin tuna fishery in the Adriatic Sea in the Republic of Croatia. Sampling is conducted on commercial (CPUE) fishing vessels in the entire fishing sea of the Republic of Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Croatia, as well as on main landing sites. Collected data are used Project leader: Vjekoslav Tičina as scientific background for creation of regulation measures for fisheries and protection of this potentially renewable marine The aim of this Project is to analyze the quantities of fish resource. This projected was conducted through year 2011. captured by individual fishing vessels (CPU) in bluefin tuna purse seine fishing in the eastern part of Adriatic Sea, taking Monitoring of tuna fishing and farming into account the fishing effort applied in this fishery (CPUE). Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, Fisheries Directorate Detection of main spawning grounds of sardine and anchovy Project Leader: Leon Grubišić in the Adriatic Sea Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Fisheries Project Monitoring of tuna farming, which in recent years has Project leader: Barbara Zorica been transformed into a project named Monitoring of tuna fishing and farming is conducted continuously since 2005. Despite long-term investigations of the Adriatic Sea in general During the last period, the staff of Institute of Oceanography and research done on sardine and anchovy as ecologically and and Fisheries in Split collected data of tuna fishing and farming economically important fish species, knowledge concerning which were guided by the requests and recommendations their spawning ecology is still incomplete. This specially of the International Organization for the Conservation of referees to their spawning grounds. Therefore necessity for Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and the applicable regulations ofthe intense investigations of this issue occurred in order to upgrade Croatian government. Therefore, in accordance with the existing protection measures that should enable sustainable recommendations of ICCAT (Rec 06-07 and 10-04) andEU development as one of the main Croatian strategically goals. regulations (EC Council Regulation (EC) No. 1559/2007 of17 The purpose of this research project is to determine the December 2007 establishing a multi-annual recovery plan spawning grounds of the most commercially important small for bluefin tuna in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean pelagic fish species (sardine and anchovy) in Adriatic Sea,so and amending Regulation (EC) No. 520/2007), and based that fragmented knowledge of their spawning ecology could be on the Regulations of the catch, farming and trade of bluefin completed. Determination of species reproduction cycle, size at tuna (Thunnus thynnus), swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and maturity and sex ratio with its area of spawning should insure Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone) (NN 26/11 and better purse seine fishery regulation concerning the time and 29/11) it is necessary to proceed further scientifically accurate the area of fishing. monitoring of farming and fishing tuna. The data obtained from monitoring are systematized and recorded for each farm. Collected, analyzed and updated information of tuna farming are verified by Fisheries Management before the ICCAT. In this way, the data provide insight into the mariculture production and statistically salves tuna fishing quotas approved by ICCAT, imports of live tuna and tuna quantities harvested after the farming.

70 MikroTuna – new diagnostic tool for monitoring of diseases on tuna farms. Financed by: Croatian Business and Innovation Center BICRO Project Leader: Ivona Mladineo

Losses that emerge in aquaculture caused by diseases and environmental stress are estimated to reach half a million of US$ per year, whilst therapy is usually based only on zootechnical principles. Therapy is rarely efficient when the disease already manifests itself clinically, which greatly affects economic moment of the farm production. Since export of the cage-reared bluefin tuna attributes to 50% of total fish export in Croatia (~60.000.000 USD), it is necessary to ensure Interaction of wild tuna with purse seine catch optimal factors for tuna undisturbed cage rearing, which in Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural intensive farming conditions can be afflicted by sudden and Development, Fisheries Directorate economically devastating diseases. The aim of MikroTuna is Project Leader: Ivan Katavić development of a sensitive and novel diagnostic tool, capable of early signalization of fish response to preclinical pathogen The task of the project is to monitor tuna behavior and proliferation that would enable prompt farmer’s action in order predation interactions with purse seine catch i.e. small pelagic to attenuate or completely eradicate the disease source before fish and to estimate direct and indirect damages of fishing gears fish mortality occurs. and distracted fishing operations. In period when tuna fishing is not allowed, using direct method of echo-detection, data about tuna presence and aggregations during fishing operations are systematically collected in different areas of the eastern Adriatic. The information are also collected by conducting questionnaires among purse seine fishermen investigating unwanted tuna catches, sizes and direct and indirect damages preformed during fishing operations on small pelagic fish.

Using a stereoscopic camera in assessing farmed tuna Financed by: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, Fisheries Directorate Project Leader: Leon Grubišić

The aim of the project is to optimize the method of stereoscopic cameras with accompanying analytical software package for assessing the number and individual weight of tuna caught by purse seine and intended for further farming. For the project purposes, which aims to estimate the size of live tuna using noninvasive method, stereoscopic cameras AQ1 SYSTEMS manufacturers will be used. Stereoscopic camera AQ100 that measures and counts fish allows innovative approach to noninvasive, and however, rapid sampling size of the fish and other marine organisms.

71 Institute Studies

Report on the Hydrographic and Chemical Characteristics of the Marine Environment along the Wider Area of Dugovača Bay (Locality Drage, Municipality Pakoštane) Financed by: Municipality Pakoštane Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić

For the purpose of constructing a public port and a special purpose port in Locality Drage, Municipality Pakoštane, an investigation of the state of hydrographic and chemical characteristics of the marine environment was carried out. Basic hydrographic properties of sea water (transparency and termohaline characteristics) as well as chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen and nutrients) were investigated during two sampling trips in the summer and winter season. Beside the investigation of the water column state, analyses of heavy metal content in surficial sediment layer were carried out.

72 Monitoring of the Marine Environment in the Tuna Farm Area in Grška Bay, Island Brač, during the period 2011.-2012. Financed by: Sardina d.o.o. Project leader: Grozdan Kušpilić

Monitoring program to assess the impact of the tuna farm on the marine environment in the area of Grška bay on the island Brač, started in 2003. During the period from 2011. to 2012. sediment and sea water samples were taken at two sampling sites in the area of the tuna farm in the Grška bay and at the referent site in the Kruščica bay. Monitoring included Sampling of benthic organisms for the purposes of tuna farms moni- investigation of the state of physico-chemical parameters in toring. water column (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) and sediment (redox-potential, mass fraction of organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus). Biological properties of the area were monitored by investigation of the composition and biomass of phytoplankton community as well as by investigation of the state of benthic communities.

Population-genetic assessment of fish species interested to Measuring of currents in the Dugovača Bay (Draga, sport - recreational fishing and aquaculture long the eastern Municipality of Pakoštane) (2011) Adriatic (greater amberjack, common dentex, sea bass and sea Financed by: Municipality of Pakoštane bream) Project Leader: Vlado Dadić Financed by: Croatian association for angling at sea Project Leader: Ivan Katavić Summary: According to the plan of Pakoštane Municipality, Over the last decade, catch of economically important fish in the Dugovača Bay, a village Drage intends to build more species is in significant decline. Amberjack, common dentex, infrastructure facilities including landing ports, moorings for sea bass and sea bream, recognized as excellent candidates local residents and rental and regulate beaches in its eastern in mariculture, are important catch for both commercial and part. Therefore it was necessary to investigate dynamic recreational fishing. However, intensive fishing is causing the properties in the wider area of the bay (currents and sea level), decline of natural populations in the environment which directly which would serve as a basis for assessing the potential negative affects the genetic diversity of species. Possible outcomes of the impact of the planned facilities on the marine environment. new situation are related to the reduction of inter-population Currents were measured during the summer which is from and intra-population polymorphisms, mutation, hybridization an ecological point of view the most unfavorable period, and and increased expression of recessive alleles, which ultimately during the winter time when occurs the strongest influence of affects the reduced ability for species survival. dynamic phenomena on infrastructure facilities in the sea. Therefore, it is necessary to know the genetic structure of commercially important species in order to preserve local biodiversity and to provide the basis for monitoring of potential genetic erosion that can become outcome of intensive exploitation.

73 Monitoring of the environmental impact of the submarine outfall Stobreč Financed by: Water and Sewage Company of Split Project Leader: Nada Krstulović The purpose of this research is to gain insight into the state of sea water quality in the area of the Brač Channel near the submarine outfall, in order to monitor and assess the possible influence of the submarine outfall sewage system Stobreč on the environment. Investigations include the most important indicators of the water quality: physical properties of the atmosphere and sea, chemical properties and biological characteristics of the investigated area, marine sediment and characteristic pollutants. Field research in the area of the Smrka Bay.

Environmental Impact Assessment “Hotel and apartment Exploring the physical, chemical and biological properties of complex with mooring Vela Borovica, community Marina” the sea near the Smrka Bay (Brač Island) (2012) Financed by: Vela Borovica koncern d.o.o. Financed by: Municipality of Nerežišće Project Leader (Part: Marine Environment): Mladen Šolić Project Leader: Vlado Dadić In this EIA Study the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the studied area, the review of the potential Summary: For the Municipality of Nerežišće were examined impacts on marine environment, and the measures to mitigation physical, chemical and biological properties of the sea near the influences were analyzed. Smrka Bay area within the preparation of the Environmental Impact Study of nautical tourism on the port, which is planned Report on indicators of the marine environment, fisheries for construction in this bay. In order to give a response to and aquaculture sector in 2010 and 2011 the potential impact of the planned facilities on the marine Financed by: Environmental Protection Agency environment, among other things, it is necessary to know Project Leader: Vlado Dadić both the dynamical, chemical and biological characteristics of the waters of Smrka Bay wider area including the channel Summary: During the nine-year collaboration with the Agency waters between the islands of Hvar and Brač. Given that for Environmental Protection our Institute has regularly drafted previous research in the broad area of Smrka Bay showed annual reports on indicators of the marine environment, that environmental conditions during the winter season are fisheries and aquaculture in the Croatian part of the Adriatic, favorable for preparation of the EIS substrates, there were and has also provided data on the indicators (EIONET table) examined physical, chemical and biological properties of the to the European Environment Agency. So in the last two years wider area of Smrka Bay during the summer period that is the IOF has consecutively developed and submitted to the environmentally the most unfavorable. Studies have shown Environmental Protection Agency report for the year 2010 and that the current ecological condition of Smrka Bay is good. 2011. Final annual report is automatically created from the input data and the text of the annual report on the state of Analysis of the impact of petroleum product storage and each active indicator for the current year. A data warehouse is ballast waters to the marine environment and the living constructed in a network environment to facilitate data entry resources of the Kaštela Bay and preparation of reports from any computer connected to the Financed by: HANDA Internet, which is very important because in the preparation of Project leader: Ivona Marasović annual reports were involved collaborators from Split, Zagreb, Rijeka and Rovinj. Synthesis Report for 2010 has been prepared In the framework of this study was carried out an assessment on the basis of individual reports on the status of 31 indicators, of potential impact of ballast waters and petroleum products while the report for the year 2011 was made on the basis of to the area Vranjic (immediate area coverage) and the area of 35 state indicators. In preparing the annual report took part 19 the Kaštela Bay (wider area coverage). The assessment was experts from the Institute and 9 colleagues from other Croatian conducted based on an analysis of long-term series of physical, institutions. chemical and biological data, using hydrodynamic flow models within covered area.

74 Educational Activities of the Institute

Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries is actively DESCRIPTION OF UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC PROGRAMS: involved in organizing and/or performance of university academic programs at undergraduate, graduate and Undergraduate university program: postgraduate levels: MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

1. Undergraduate university programs: The program of Marine biology and ecology educates the professionals for working in the field of biological 1.1. MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY oceanography, which includes a wide range of biological 1.2. MARINE FISHERIES researches from diversity of marine organisms to their distribution, characteristics, mutual relations and Organizer of academic programs: Department of Marine interactions with the marine environment. Due to the Studies of the University of Split increasing problem of disposal of a large number of Performer of academic programs: University of Split, harmful and hazardous substances into the sea, and Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries the irrational use of marine resources, special attention is given to protection of endangered species and 2. Graduate university programs: ecologically vulnerable areas. For better understanding of biological processes in the sea, it is necessary to 2.1. MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY become familiar with the functioning of the entire marine 2.2. MARINE FISHERIES ecosystem. That requires an extremely high degree of multidisciplinarity, which is achieved through the program Organizer of academic programs: Department of Marine of this study. Studies of the University of Split Marine biology and ecology program, organised by Performer of academic programs: University of Split, Department of Marine Studies of the University of Split is Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries performed as an undergraduate and graduate study. Duration of undergraduate study of Marine Biology and 3. Postgraduate university programs: Ecology is three years or 6 semesters, and by it at least 180 ECTS points are acquired. 3.1.INTER-UNIVERSITY POSTGRADUATE STUDIES IN Upon completion of undergraduate study a title of a APPLIED MARINE SCIENCES Bachelor/Bachelorette (baccalaureus / baccalaurea) of Marine Biology and Ecology is acquired. Organizers and performers of academic programs: University of Split, University of Dubrovnik, Institute of Head of Study: Oceanography and Fisheries Prof. Sanja Matić Skoko, PhD, 3.2.INTERDISCIPLINARY POSTGRADUATE STUDIES IN Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Šetalište I. OCEANOLOGY Meštrovića 63. E-mail: [email protected] Joint performers of academic programs: Faculty Phone: 385 21 408 030 of Natural Science of the University of Zagreb, Fax: 385 21 358 650 Institute Ruđer Bošković - Rovinj/Zagreb, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries - Split, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research of the University of Dubrovnik

More information on the studies in Oceanology on: http://geol.gfz.hr/poslijediplomski/doktorski_studij.htm

75 Graduate university program: MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

Graduate program of Marine Biology and Ecology is services of the fishing activities and in companies multidisciplinary in its content. During this study, the involved in fishery, farming, processing and marketing basic knowledge of the natural sciences is widened into of fish and other marine organisms, decay prevention, more specific knowledge related to issues in biology, management and protection of living marine resources. ecology and protection of the sea. Interaction of course The need for such professional staff will be even more contents with modern scientific knowledge, already pronounced after organizing the Coast Guard, but also established at the undergraduate level, becomes more after our country joins the European Union. Study pronounced during graduate study and thus represents of Marine fisheries, organized by the Department of the logical continuation on a higher level of education. Marine Studies of the University of Split is performed as Upon completion of graduate study a title of Master undergraduate and graduate study. (Magister) of Marine Biology and Ecology is acquired. Undergraduate study of Marine Fisheries lasts three years or 6 semesters, and by it at least 180 ECTS points are Head of Study: acquired. Upon completion of undergraduate study a title Prof. Mladen Šolić, PhD, of a Bachelor/Bachelorette (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) of Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Šetalište I. Marine Fisheries is acquired. Meštrovića 63. E-mail: [email protected] Head of Study: Phone: 385 21 408 006 Prof. Ivona Mladineo, PhD., Fax: 385 21 358 650 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63. E-mail: [email protected] Undergraduate university program: Phone: 385 21 408 047 MARINE FISHERIES Fax: 385 21 358 650 Information for future students (enrollment criteria and For the proper and responsible management and procedures, etc.) protection of renewable marine resources and development and progress of fisheries activities, farming, Graduate university program: conservation, processing and marketing of fish and other MARINE FISHERIES marine organisms, it is important to educate professionals necessary for successful operation of marine fisheries. Graduate Study of Marine Fisheries provides expert These professionals are educated at the undergraduate and scientific widening of knowledge acquired through Marine fisheries program, which is the only study in our undergraduate studies and thus represents the logical country educating highly qualified personnel for working continuation of education on higher level. The program is in the field of marine fisheries. multidisciplinary, in which on the basis of knowledge of Marine fisheries, as a theoretical and applied scientific natural and biotechnical sciences, knowledge of specific discipline, includes methods and activities of fishing, areas related to the issues of fisheries, aquaculture, and farming, processing and marketing of fish and other management of living marine resources as well as on the marine organisms, as well as methods, management, use of fisheries products is acquired. Upon completion of protection and exploitation of living marine resources. graduate study a title of a Master (Magister) of Marine Consequently, the undergraduate Marine fisheries Fisheries is acquired. program, which educates highly qualified professionals to work in this area, covers issues in marine biology Head of Study: and fisheries biology, exploitation, management and Prof. Ivan Jardas, PhD. conservation of renewable marine resources, use of University of Split, Center of Marine Studies, Split, fishing gears, fishing vessels and fishing ports, fish Livanjska 5/III. farming and farming of other marine organisms, E-mail: [email protected] processing technology and the prevention of sea products Phone: 385 21 558 253 decay, marketing of fish and other marine organisms Fax: 385 21 558 257 and economics and organization of marine fisheries. Considering that the professionals who are studying at this university study are rare not only in Croatia, but in Europe as well, they will certainly have a prominent role in all administrative bodies dealing with issues of marine fisheries, in economic and commercial chambers, in the inspection

76 Inter-University Postgraduate Studies in Applied Marine Sciences

The Adriatic Sea is of the utmost economic importance The Study is organized on the basis of the latest scientific for Croatia, but it is also important for its historical, knowledge and skills based on it, in cooperation with social and cultural heritage. Connection with the sea scientific institutions involved in marine research, such continuously improves the quality of our lives and our as the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split identity. Sea area over which the Republic of Croatia and the Institute for Marine and Coastal Research achieved full sovereignty (territorial sea) and sovereign of the University of Dubrovnik, which provides great rights (exclusive economic zone) is approximately equal to opportunities of practical training for students. Research its land area. A substantial share of material goods comes programs of the above mentioned institutions enable from maritime activities and services related to the sea, student involvement in the areas of scientific work that is however, resources are much larger than the present use. precisely the basis for the applied marine sciences. There are many priorities and possibilities of using the Duration of study: Postgraduate study in Applied Marine marine environment, its living and non-living resources, Sciences lasts three years or 6 semesters, and by it at and especially its unexplored and unused resources, both least 180 ECTS points are acquired. renewable and non-renewable. Academic title: Upon completion of postgraduate study a In order to use the undeniable potential of resources of title of Doctor of Science (Dr. sc.) in the field of Biology is the sea and seabed and its living wealth in a reasonable acquired. and long-term sustainable way, it is necessary to become Competencies acquired upon completion of the study: familiar with the environment, particularly with the • Experience gained through participation in research functioning of marine ecosystems. Only science can projects in scientific institutions and university initiate the development and provide practical application departments, of that knowledge in both social sciences and in the • Knowledge gained from a particular branch of marine natural and biotechnical marine sciences, in order to use science, depending on student’s interests, new and better solutions for economic purposes. For this • Interdisciplinary knowledge and skills that allow purpose, highly educated professionals are needed, who, critical analysis and creative solutions for the integral in close contact with European and world science, shall management of the sea and the coastline, seek the best solutions for research and rational use of • Development of biotechnological processes of marine resources, providing a reasonable management exploiting potentially renewable marine resources, of marine resources, directing regional development • Ability to apply specific knowledge in practice, through comprehensive planning and coordination • Ability to work in interdisciplinary teams for solving the of interests and needs of different users in the area specific problems within protection and management of (tourism, transport, aquaculture, fishing, etc.). the sea and the coastline. Some of these activities are not in harmony with one another and can be harmful to one another. Therefore, Head of Study: the development of a country needs experts who will Prof. Nada Krstulović, PhD., exploit the sea in a sustainable manner for the benefit Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Šetalište I. of its population and marine ecosystems. This task can Meštrovića 63. be achieved through systematic education with the E-mail: [email protected] following basic objectives: (1) acquiring basic knowledge Phone: 385 21 408 006 of social sciences of the sea so the legislation could Fax: 385 21 358 650 be properly created and applied, (2) becoming able to predict changes in marine ecosystems in response to various influences, (3) exploiting marine resources in controlled and sustainable manner, and (4) developing biotechnological processes for exploiting the potential of renewable marine resources. Postgraduate university studies in Applied Marine Sciences is markedly multidisciplinary in its content, because the basic knowledge of the natural sciences, especially biological, chemical and physical oceanography, is widened by the specific knowledge necessary for the design of proper (or sustainable) management and protection of the Adriatic Sea.