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Rural Tourism a Solution for Ghost Villages of Uttarakhand

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Rural Tourism a Solution for Ghost Villages of Uttarakhand International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR) ISSN:2454-4116, Volume-2, Issue-6, June 2016 Pages 52-60 Rural Tourism a Solution for Ghost Villages of Uttarakhand Pankaj, Ashish Pant Abstract—The rural areas in India have experienced substantial changes in the last two decades. The share of rural population in Indian was 74.28% in 1991 which decreases to 68.84 % in 2011. One of the reason for the decreasing in rural population is migration from rural to urban area. The pace of rural to urban migration has gradually accelerated with each passing decade. As per census of India, rural to urban migration increased from 42% in 2001 to 56% in 2011.People from rural area migrate to urban area in search of better job, education Fig 1: World & India Rural Population (%) (Source –www.Data.worldbank.org) and life. Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand) was carved out of the state of Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000 as the 27th state of the Republic of India. It occupies 53,483 sq. km. of total land Migration is the movement of people from one place to area out of which 86% is mountainous. As per the Census of another with the purposes of taking up permanent or India the rural population of Uttarakhand was 74.33% in 2001 semi-permanent residence in the new location.One of the and it decreases to 69.45% in 2011.Uttarakhand has a high rate most significant migration patterns has been rural to urban of out-migration and majority of the population migrate to migration in search of opportunities. In the rural areas, various urban areas for better education and economic sluggish agricultural growth and restricted development of opportunities. The reasons of out migration is due to regional backwardness, small landholding size, unemployment and the rural non-farm sector increases the rural poverty, under-employment. As the result of migration 33 villages no unemployment and underemployment. Due to lack of longer exist in the state’s map and about 1053 villages are employment opportunities people migrated from rural to completely abandoned and uninhabited and have turned into urban areas in search of jobs. Migration results in ghost villages. The present study focuses on the hill abandonment of villages and causes congestion in the cities. out-migration from rural areas of Uttarakhand, its reasons, it Migration is not new to Uttarakhand. It reached a peak in impact and rural tourism as a solution. Index Terms— Ghost Villages, Migration, Rural Tourism, the 1980s and fuelled the demand for a separate state, which Rural Development, Sustainable Development. everyone hoped would lead to economic growth and check migration. But according to census data the rate of migration from the hilly areas of the state has increased after it was I. INTRODUCTION formed in 2000, only the destination of migrants has changed. As per the World Bank the global share of rural population In fact, the migration to cities has been in such great numbers was 57 % in 1991 whichdecreased to 53% in 2001 and 48% in that Uttarakhand has recorded the highest increase in the 2011. In India also condition is not any more different. The share of urban population in any of the Himalayan states of rural share of the Indian population was decrease from 74% in the country while its rural decadal growth rate is the lowest. 1991 to 72 % in 2001 and 69% in 2011. As the rural Difficult terrain, lack of transport, the lack of employment population decrease the agriculture contribution to GDP has along with small landholding sizes and low farm incomes has gradually decline in past two decade. Decrease in farming fuelled large migration from rural areas of the state to the activities may lead to food insecurity.The main problem of cities across the country. Migration leads to abandonment of decreasing rural population is migration from rural to urban villages which causes degradation of land, makes villages area.People from rural area migrate to urban area in search of unliveable .Rural tourism can be a solution for these abandon better education and employment opportunity. Activities like villages of Uttarakhand, to decrease migration and to generate Industries, trade and commerce, education centre in the city sustainable employment opportunities in the rural areas of influence rural people to migrate from rural areas to urban Uttarakhand. areas. II. STUDY AREA The Uttarakhand state formerly known as Uttaranchal was carved out of the state of Uttar Pradesh in 2000 and became the 27th state in the country of India. Uttarakhand is situated in the central Himalayan zone extending between 77° 34’ and 81° 02’ E longitude and 28° 43’ to 31° 27’ N latitude. Pankaj , Faculty of Architecture, DIT University, Dehradun, India. Uttarakhand share borders with China in the north and Nepal Ashish Pant, Faculty of Architecture, DIT University, Dehradun, India. to the east, while itsneighboring States is Himachal Pradesh 52 www.ijntr.org to the west and Uttar Pradesh in the south. The high graduallyaccelerated with each passing decade. Earlier the Himalayan ranges and glaciers form most of the northern pattern of migration was from plain to hilly areas, in the parts of the state while the lower reaches are densely forested. search of better environmental condition and scenic beauty. The state is spread over an area of about 53,483 sq. km. out of But now the direction of migration has changed visa a versa, which 86% is mountainous. Dehradun is the provisional now migration takes place from hilly rural areas to plains in capital of the state. The state is comprised of13 districts, of search of better job, education and health. Uttarakhand state which four districts (Nainital, Haridwar, Dehradun and has a high rate of out-migration and majority of the Udham Singh Nagar) have large areas in the plains, whereas population migrate from rural areas to various urban areas. the other nine districts comprise the hill region of the state. Migration in the Uttarakhand hilly region is intra-regional (i.e., from remote rural locations to developed urban centres in the hills) as well as inter-regional (i.e., from the hill regions to the developed plains).Earlier the rate of out migration has accelerated due tomale-out migration in search of employment,in contrast to the earlier pattern of only men going out, now entire families are migrating form hilly rural area tourban areas in plains. Out of the 13 districts of Uttarakhand, migration has hit 9 hill districts over the last decade, this is reflected in the 2001–2011 decadal population growth data. The Garhwal (PauriGarhwal) and Almora districts witnessed negative rural population growth rates during the decade. Among the TehriGarhwal and Rudrapraya districts, population growth was near zero, and among the Fig 2: Uttarakhand state Map with its Districts Chamoli, Bageshwar, and Pithoragarh regions, growth rates (Source – www.mapsofindia.com) were low. Depopulation of the Garhwal and Almora districts and the significantly low population growth rates in other hill districts is the result of rural to urban migration of peoples. The Population of Uttarakhandwas 10,086,292 (census 2011), making it the 20th most populated state on 1.69% of Table 1: Percentage Decadal Growth of Districts of land of India.Out of total population 69.44 % (7,025,583) of Uttarakhand (Persons) 2001-11 the people living in 16,793 villages. The 30.55%( 3,091,169) (Source – census of India) of urban population is mostly settled in the southern Terai S.N INDIA/UTTARAKHA PERCENTAGE DECADAL region and the Doon valley. More than 90 % of the people in O. ND /DISTRICTS GROWTH(PERSONS) the mountain districts live in rural areas. More than 82.5% of this urbanized population is concentrated in the plains of 4 2001-11 districts and rests 17.5 % also largely belong to the district TOTAL RURAL URBAN headquarter towns of the remaining 9 districts. The density of INDIA 17.64 12.18 31.80 population per sq. Km. is about 189 (census, 2011)which is fairly below than the national average of 382 per sq. Km.The 00 UTTARAKHAND 19.17 11.34 41.86 state has a growth rate of about 19.17% which slightly 01 UTTARKASHI 11.75 12.27 5.67 exceeds the national growth rate of about 17.64%, is somewhat lower than the previous (1991-2001) growth rate 02 CHAMOLI 5.60 3.87 16.54 03 RUDRAPRAYAG 4.14 0.99 263.03 04 TEHRIGARHWAL 1.93 0.27 17.06 05 DEHRADUN 32.48 24.13 39.90 06 GARHWAL -1.51 -5.49 25.37 07 PITHORAGARH 5.13 3.47 16.26 08 BAGESHWAR 5.13 4.76 16.51 09 ALMORA -1.73 -3.24 14.36 Fig. 3: Rural – Urban proportion of Uttarakhand state (2001 & 2011) 10 CHAMPAWAT 15.49 15.83 13.52 11 NAINITAL 25.20 18.10 38.22 of 20.41%. 12 UDHAM SINGH 33.40 27.53 45.53 III. MIGRATION IN STUDY AREA NAGAR Migration in Uttarakhand is both a historical and present 13 HARDWAR 33.16 19.80 63.11 phenomenon. It has started since nineties and has 53 www.ijntr.org International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR) ISSN:2454-4116, Volume-2, Issue-6, June 2016 Pages 52-60 electricity, water supply, roads, housing, school, collages, hospital, markets and marketing facilities.Major portion of IV. CAUSES OF MIGRATIONIN STUDY AREA state have to depend on the urban area in plains for major Migration in Uttarakhand is a combination of push and pull health care and educational facilities. factors. The push factors force people to migrate from the D.
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