THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
Vol. 5, No. 4 FEBRUARY, 1913 Whole No. 28
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY Why You Should Purchase Your Jewelry from Us
Three blocks from our office is Maiden Lane—the world's greatest jewelry market. Lower Broadway, with its massive buildings, and Wall Street three blocks beyond, with a golden arm enbosoms it in the financial district and protects it from the world beyond. Into this world there runs a steady stream of salesmen bearing a precious burden to jobber, wholesaler and retailer, for in Maiden Lane are the largest diamond merchants, jewelry manufacturers and watch factories. When you purchase jewelry from your local dealer you must pay tribute to these middlemen all along the line, making a final price to you from 50% to 100% beyond the original cost. By our fortunate location we are enabled to secure goods direct from manu facturer and importer and sell them to you at prices which your local dealer cannot duplicate. With us there are no middlemen. We do not require expensive showrooms and salespeople. The pages of THE CRISIS and our catalogue (soon to be issued) will be our salesmen and showroom, so by dealing with us you not only get the benefit of these savings, but the manufacturer's guarantee goes with each piece of jewelry shipped from this office. Space will not permit us to describe the many splendid bargains in store for you. Therefore, what you don't see, please ask for. Diamonds, rings, mesh bags, lockets, bracelets, lavallieres, etc., representing the most value for your money, await your orders. 20-YEAR CASE 10-YEAR CASE Guaranteed Guaranteed
A-24. 16-size Hunting case, Elgin or Waltham, 7-jeweled move A-25. 16-size Hunting case, Elgin ment, $13.50. or Waltham, 7-jeweled move 17-jeweled movement, $18.75 ment, $8.00. Of course, we have the DOLLAR WATCH, guaranteed for one year THE DUNBAR CO., 26 Vesey St., New York
Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED "BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT!. OF COLORED PEOPLE. AT 26 VESEY STREET. NEW YORK CITY Edited by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, with the co-operation of Oswald Garrison Villard, W. S. Braithwaite, M. W. Ovington, Charles Edward Russell and others.
Contents for February, 1913
CENTER PICTURE: Emancipation. The Third Generation.
ARTICLES PAGE ABOLITION AND FIFTY YEARS AFTER. By Rabbi Stephen S. Wise 188
THE REPRESENTATIVE. A Story. By Virgil Cooke 187
THE ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY. By Charles H. Garvin 196
FATHER, FATHER ABRAHAM. A Poem. By James Weldon Johnson.. 172
DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 163
OPINION 173
EDITORIAL 180
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 190
THE BURDEN 194
TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscription is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. 160 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Atlanta University
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High School, Nor mal School and College, with, manual training and domestic science. Among the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith and Wellesley. * Forty-two years of successful work have been completed. Students come from all parts of the South. Graduates are almost universally successful.
For further information address
President EDWARD T. WARE
ATLANTA, GA. Knoxville College Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. Offers full courses in the following departments: College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Opportunity for Self-help. Fall Term Began September, 1912. For information address
President R. W. McGRANAHAN KNOXVILLE, TENN.
FORWARD Virginia Union University RICHMOND, VA. MARCH YOUR SON OFF TO Wilberforce University A College Department, of high standards and modern curriculum. A Theological Department, with all subjects The only school in the country for Negro generally required in the best theological seminaries. Youth which has a Military Department An Academy, with manual training, giving a equipped by the National Government, and preparation for life or for college. commanded by a detailed United States Army Officer. The positive moral and religious aim of the school, its high standards of entrance and of class DEPARTMENTS work, its fine new buildings and well-equipped laboratories and library prepare a faithful student MILITARY SCIENTIFIC for a life of wide usefulness. NORMAL TECHNICAL COMMERCIAL THEOLOGICAL GEORGE RICE HOVEY, President CLASSICAL MUSICAL PREPARATORY Daytona Educational and Industrial Banking- taught by the actual operations School for Negro Girls in the Students' Savings Bank. Twelve In dustries, 180 acres of beautiful campus, Ten DAYTONA, FLORIDA Buildings. Healthful surroundings, excep tional community. Maintained in part by the It reaches, by reason of its location, a large State of Ohio which supplies facilities for the territory of Negro children deprived of educa thorough training of teachers. tional privileges. , Fall term began September, 1912. Write Its comfortable home life and Christian in for Catalog. fluences insure a certain individual attention and superior training impossible in larger in stitutions of its kind. W. S. SCARBOROUGH, President Mrs. Frances R. Keyser, formerly in charge WM. A. JOINER, Superintendent, C. N. I. of the White Rose Home for Working Girls, Department. in New York City, has been elected Principal of the Academic Department. Write for catalog Address all communications to and detailed information. BOX 36 WILBERFORCE, OHIO MARY McLEOD BETHUNE Founder and Principal
Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 161 SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE AND HAIR DRESSING
Manicuring, Shampooing, Hair Dressing, Marcel Wav- ing, Facial and Body Massage, Hair Making, Chiropody, KELSEYS etc., scientifically taught. Unlimited practice in parlor day and night. Pupils taught at home, if desired. 328 Lenox Avenue Diplomas. Special Summer Course, $7.50 up. Send (or Telephone Harlem 1896 booklet. Mm». A. Carter Kelsey, Gen'l Intr.; Dr. Samuel 126th Street, NEW YORK. A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager.
Atlanta University Agricultural and Studies of the Mechanical College Negro Problems 16 Monographs. Sold Separately. Address: Open all. year 'round. For Males A. G. DILL only. Facilities unsurpassed. Strong Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. Faculty. Practical Courses. F A NARRATIVE of F Board, Lodging and Tuition $7 o o per month. Ri THE NEGRO R By Mrs. Leila Amos Pendleton Winter Term Began December 2, B A comprehensive history of the E Negro race from the earliest period 1912. i Y to the present time; told in pleas R ing narrative style; may be read E Write to-day for catalog or free t and understood by children. Bound R tuition. H in cloth and illustrated. Y d Address: Price $1.50 A MRS. L. A. PENDLETON D A y 1824 11th Street, N. W., s Washington, D. C. Y JAS. B. DUDLEY, President GREENSBORO. N. C. Fisk University NASHVILLE. TENN. Founded 1866 H. H. Wright, Dean Southern Business College Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educa BIRMINGHAM, ALA. tional and Social Science Courses. Pioneer Day and night school, teaching Shorthand, Type writing, Business English, Business Arithmetic, in Negro music. Special study, in Negro Bookkeeping and preparing for Civil Service. A history. high-grade commercial school with competent in structors and healthy surroundings. The only Negro Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds. school of its kind in the world. For catalogue and further information address Well-equipped Science building. Southern Business College Christian home life. 4th Avenue and 15th Street W. J. ECHOLS, Principal High standards of independent manhood J. P. BOND Secretary-Manager and womanhood.
Telephone 1943 Flushing Send your boy South—the land of Opportunity. The Prairie View State Normal and Industrial D. H. VAN DE WATER College of Texas. E. L. Blackshear, Principal. W. FINE GROCERIES C. Rollins, Treasurer. Largest State institution for 111 Main Street Flushing, N. Y. colored youth in the United States. Excellent literary, scientific and industrial advantages. Ex Established 1858 penses low—ideal climate—new buildings. "THE BURK CIGAR STORE" For particulars address: H. J. MASON, Secretary HAVANA AND DOMESTIC CIGARS Prairie View, Waller County, Texas 5 Main Street Flushing, N. Y.
Mention THE CRISIS. 162 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER GO TO COLLEGE OF INTEREST TO The World To-day Is Calling for VOCAL STUDENTS College - trained Men and Women. Tone Placing and It has been found that out of every one hundred Voice Development pupils in the graded schools only seven reach the Practical method of singing for high school and less than two per cent, go to daily practice, based upon artistic college. Lack of means is found to be the primary principles, together with a care cause. But a way has been opened by the World's fully prepared number of exercises. Cyclopedia Company to overcome the handicap of From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: A very practical little book is money. A little energy on your part and the goal "Tone Placing and Voice Develop is won ! ment* by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal We want high-class student canvassers, and a exercises, and should be in the hands of all vocal Little work on their part will insure a college career students. at Harvard, Yale, Brown, Dartmouth, Smith, Welles- WORDS OF APPRECIATION ley, Radcliffe, etc. I offer you the heartiest possible endorsement of your work, which I believe to be the most com The tuition fee at any of the colleges named plete course of the kind that has ever come averages $150.00, and to any high school student under my notice.— Glenn Dillard Gunn, Chicago who secures one hundred and fifty bona fide sub ' 'Tribune-'' scriptions to Murray's Historical and Biographical From ''Music News,'' Chicago* Ill.: Accordingly Encyclopedia of the Colored Race Throughout the his "Practical Method of Singing" is a most con World, the World's Cyclopedia Company will pay one cise and practical little manual, containing many hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) as a bonus in valuable vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be addition to a regular commission of 10 per cent. helpful to all ambitious vocal students. Even if you fail to reach the mark you will have CANNOT FAIL OF GOOD RESULTS your 10 per cent. The work is especially commendable because it treats in a clear and systematic manner all the vital If you are now in college you are also eligible points so essential to the student, making it easy to enter this contest. Note that it is not limited for him to advance to the highest point of to the first student, but open to every student. development.— Geo. I. Holt, Des Moines, Iowa. If you are ambitious, and wish to take advantage PRICE $1.00 of this splendid offer, write the Scholarship Depart ment of the WORLD'S CYCLOPEDIA COMPANY at Address the publisher: Washington, D. C. —P. O. Box 2379—for full in formation and literary outfit. PEDRO T. TINSLEY 6448 Drexel Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. Reddick's World's Greatest Polishing Mitt Books on Socialism (With a Protected Tip) If you are not quite sure whether you FOE POLISHING ALL METALS, SIGNS, PIANOS, want to be classed as a Socialist or not, you FURNITURE, GUNS, HARNESS, AUTOMO need to study Socialism and find out. You BILE BODIES, LAMPS, HARDWOOD must take sides either for or against it FLOORS, ETC. some day. "Of Eugene V. Debs, the Socialist candi Fully Protects the Hand Saves Time and Labor date-, we can only say this frankly: if it lay An incomparable duster for the household. A in our power to make him President of combination shoe polisher second to none. the United States we would do so, for of the . Can be used four men mentioned he alone, by word and with or without deed, stands squarely on a platform of oil or polish. human rights regardless of race or class." Made of special tanned lamb's —THE CRISIS, August, 1912. wool on the hide, Woman and Socialism, thoroughly clean ed and combed of August Bebel $1.50 all grit. Will not scratch the finest surface. A Common Sense of Socialism, household wonder that simplifies housekeeping. Fits either hand and will last a long time of hard usage. John Spargo Cloth,. 1.00 Paper, .25 Adopted by the Pullman Company for porters' use on the best trains and used in the best hotels, The Class Struggle, office buildings, theatres, garages, furniture houses; Karl Kautsky Paper, .25 on dining cars, ocean liners, yachts and thousands of households because it's the best practical polish Socialism for Students, ing device on earth. Joseph E. Cohen .50 By mail postpaid 25c. each (stamps or currency). Theoretical System of Karl Marx, Special prices to large users. Louis B. Boudin.: 1.00 A splendid proposition for agents. Write to-day These and other books on Socialism sent for particulars. prepaid on receipt of price. J. E. REDDICK The DUNBAR COMPANY 1028 South 17th Street Philadelphia, Pa. 26 Vesey Street New York
Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS
Vol. 5, No. 4 FEBRUARY, 1913 Whole No. 28
ALONG E COLOR LINE
SOCIAL UPLIFT. ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE. THE Woman's League of Kansas City, A. B. C. 87, Morris Brown 0. Mo., has established a working girls' A. B. C. 48, Atlanta 0. A. B. C. 45, Clark 0. home. A. B. C. 12, Tuskegee 3. Two colored women and one white woman A. B. C. 13, Fisk 6.
took the semi-annual examination for HOWARD UNIVERSITY. physicians before the State board of medical Howard 6, Annapolis Grays 0. examiners of Virginia. Howard 13, Hampton 7. Howard 20, Shaw 0. •J Sixteen new five-room houses were Howard 25, Livingston 0. recently built by a real-estate agent in Howard 13, Lincoln 0. Savannah, Ga. They were all sold to colored q The Monday Night Current Events Club people within a period of ninety days. of Washington is devoting the year to the The Germantown Site and Relic Society study of socialism. is marking the grave of the colored woman, ^ The Provident Hospital and Training Diana, who saved the town of Staunton, Pa., School of Chicago reports an income for the from destruction by the British soldiers. year ending June 1, 1912, of $25,373. It 9 The Excelsior Library, of Guthrie, Okla., has treated in the hospital in the last twenty- founded by a colored woman, reports 8,000 one years 13,878 patients and 80,872 visitors for the year, 3,296 books loaned, patients in the dispensary. The endowment 520 books added. The library now has 2,380 fund now amounts to $47,000, and it is the volumes and subscribes to 22 periodicals. earnest wish of the institution to raise this Mrs. J. C. Horton is librarian. to $100,000. «I The new colored Y. M. C. A. at Louis
*J T. S. Inborden makes the following state 2,000,000 acres to their farms and the value ment concerning three North Carolina coun of the land and buildings has increased dur ties where his school is situated. In Edge- ing the. decade from $106,500,000 to $273,- comb County Negroes own: Valued at 000,000, an increase of 156 per cent. The 14,665 acres of land $144,444 value of their land per acre is greater than 768 town lots 187,727 the value of white farmers' land. Some of 1,257 mules and horses 98,633 the increases in land ownership are indicated 5,137 goats, sheep, hogs and dogs 24,653 by the following figures: Implements and tools 14,315 House and kitchen furniture.... 17,324 No. of Farms Value The total of their personal and 1900 1910 1910 real property amounts to 562,511 Virginia 26,566 32,228 $28,059,534 In Nash County the Negroes own: North Carolina. . .17,520 21,443 22,810,089 Valued at South Carolina. . .18,970 20,372 22,112,291 20,349 acres of land $211,701 Georgia 11,375 15,698 20,540,910 549 town lots 131,510 Alabama 14,110 17,082 17,285,502 1,030 mules and horses 104,035 Mississippi 20,973 25,026 34,317,764 6,350 goats, sheep, hogs and dogs 37,929 Oklahoma 10,191 11,150 32,325,348 Implements and tools 6,772 Texas 21,139 21,232 30,687,272 Household and kitchen furniture 45,430 Other possessions 54,552 EDUCATION. The total real and personal JULIUS ROSENWALD offered Fisk Uni property amounts to 596,552 versity a year ago to be one of four In Halifax County the Negroes own: persons to raise $10,000 a year for five Valued at years toward the current expenses. The 53,937 aeres of land $377,236 353 town lots 161,275 conditions of Mr. Rosenwald's offer have 2,382 horses and mules 183,714 been met so that the $10,000 is assured for 3,119 cattle 50,465 the next five years; $181,000 has been 6,802 goats, sheep, hogs and dogs 20,620 pledged toward the $300,000 endowment The total real and personal which the institution is striving to raise. property amounts to 748,310 This excellent showing is due largely to the White House, Washington. farmers owned 186,676 farms in 1900 and Those present were President Taft, Andrew 218,467 in 1910. They have added over 166 THE CRISIS
Carnegie, Booker T. Washington, H. B. MEETINGS. Frissell, Dr. C. S. Mitchell, president of LOCAL emancipation celebrations were South Carolina Institute, George Foster held throughout the United States on Peabody, treasurer, R. R. Moten, secretary, January 1 and 5. H. T. Kealing, J. C. Napier, R. L. Smith, of United States Senate to promote instruction in agriculture, trades and the THE Baptist Sunday School Congress of like. It purposes to appropriate $3,000,000 * 1913 will meet in Muskogee, Okla., in a year, beginning in 1916, to the various June. This will be the eighth annual session. States. It also appropriates further moneys "The program was full of interest. * * * program, which is a suite—three character Mr. Hodges can take credit to himself for studies—called "Dwellers in the Western being the first to introduce to New Zealanders World"—the red man, the white man, the an olio of songs by New Zealand composers." black man. Mr. Hodges' program included songs from q The incidental music to "Julius Caesar," Muratori, Von Fieltiz, Schubert, Quitter, which William Faversham is reviving in Horrocks, Mallinson, Buckley, Hunt, Wright this country, was composed by Christopher and Queerie. The American numbers were Wilson and S. Coleridge-Taylor. from Arthur Foote and Charles Wakefield q At the celebration of the fiftieth anniver Cadman. sary of the emancipation proclamation in One of the most admirable features of Boston, Mass., on January 1, by the Wendell Mr. Hodges' artistic work is his uncom Phillips Memorial Association, a chorus of promising standard for the development of fifty voices from the Handel and Haydn the colored musician along the line of absolute Society, Emil Mollenhauer, conductor, sang music, irrespective of any racial limitations. the "Hymn of Praise" and choruses from Mr. Hodges was engaged to sing in the "Elijah" and the "Messiah." "Messiah" which was produced by the q Francis Jackson Garrison has written a Fielding Choral Society on December 11, graphic account of the concert given in Bos and will also be heard in Coleridge-Taylor's ton on January 1, 1863, while everybody "A Tale of Old Japan," which is to be sung waited in suspense for Lincoln's second by the Royal Choral Society of Wellington. proclamation which made actual the emanci q The all-American program prepared by pation of the slaves. "Never," writes Mr. Frederick Stock for the Theodore Thomas Garrison, "was a concert more full of inspira Orchestra of Chicago, Ill., for the concerts of tion, and I wish that Boston might have December 13 and 14, opened with "Comedy signalized this semi-centennial anniversary of Overture on Negro Airs," by Henry F. the great proclamation by repeating it, with Gilbert, of Cambridge, Mass. The event, a the same choice program." program of all-American music, was the first of its kind in the history of the Chicago q In New York the Philharmonic Orchestra orchestra and one of importance and sig repeated two numbers on that program and nificance. also Dvorak's "New World Symphony," based in part on Southern echoes, and the q Mr. Arthur Abell, the well-known critic rhapsodic dance, "Ramboula," by the late of Berlin, Germany, writing in Musical Coleridge-Taylor. America of the remarkable voices possessed by. the two American Chippewa Indians, q Signor Pasquale Amato sang at one of Carlisle Bawbangam and Carlisle Kawbow- the Sunday concerts of the Metropolitan gam, comments on the beautiful voices found Opera House one of J. Rosamond Johnson's particularly among Negroes. dialect songs, "Since You Went Away." q It is related of the composer Massenet, The words are by J. W. Johnson. who died last August, that he was once q Mr. Rosamond Johnson and his partner, glancing through a score of one of Coleridge- Mr. Hart, have sailed for England, where Taylor's works, and without knowing at that they have several engagements. time the name of the composer, he declared q Twelve American composers were repre the musician must be of Negro extraction, sented at a matinee of new music sung by owing to the character of his music. the Schola Cantorum, a branch of the Mac- q The Colored Social Settlement of Wash Dowell Club, at Aeolian Hall, New York ington, D. C, gave a musical program in City. Among the composers represented were December at the Metropolitan Church, by Rosamond Johnson and Will Marion Cook. Joseph H. Douglass, violinist, Roy W. Tibbs, Mr. Kurt Schindler was conductor. pianist, and Howard University Glee Club. q An interesting exhibit of original paint Addresses were delivered by Professor Alain ings and drawings by colored artists was Le Roy Locke, formerly Oxford Rhodes held at the Carlton Avenue branch of the scholar, and Dr. Stephen Morrell Newman, Y. M. C. A., Brooklyn. The Evening Post president of Howard University. says: q John Philip Sousa and his band are pre "A number of the pictures shown are senting a novelty on this season's concert good enough to go in the average exhibi- ALONG THE COLOR LINE 169 tion. Several by Ernest Braxton show force cars. Already there is discrimination in and imaginative ability enough to compel amusement parks and colored people are not more than casual attention. able to get seats in first-class theatres. The exhibition comprises work of several 1 A proposed bill segregating colored grades and different styles, the color work, and white people in residence districts of on the whole, being more interesting than St. Louis has been declared unconstitutional the black and white, although in this latter by the lawyers of the organization which is field Braxton has some striking military pushing it. heads. The water colors of some of the students, it is pointed out, have been done Cfl Colored men working in the sawmills of at night and under necessarily difficult light Ellisville, Miss., have been warned to leave. conditions. All of the work by students *I Underground influences have succeeded in shows at least painstaking care. having the question of Negroes in the army "Braxton is represented by seven pictures discussed at the conference of army officers. in oils and a series of studies in black and Nothing, of course, is expected as an imme white. Three of his pictures are 'After the diate result of the discussion, but Negro Shower,' showing a vague, wind-swept street, haters are hoping that this will be an opening with a suggestion of the after effects of a wedge. heavy rain; 'The Umbrella Mender' and 'In the Cove,' a Negro's head. Richard L. *I A colored pastor in Chicago alleges that hundreds of colored men and women have Brown is represented by four pictures of a been discharged from their work on account smaller size. One of them is called 'A Marshland Evening;' others are 'A Clearing' of the Jack Johnson episode. Meantime and 'Study of Clouds.' R. H. Lewis, another Mr. Johnson has bought himself a $35,000 professional, shows the only portraits in the house in a fashionable district and there are exhibition. Of the amateurs, A. Comither rumors of trouble there. shows five small paintings, not altogether ^ The unexplained movement which led to without merit, all depicting various moods the killing of seven or eight Negroes in North of nature. Besides these are two pictures Georgia several months ago has resulted in by the late J. C. de Villis, who was one of an attempt to drive out Negroes entirely. the best-known Negro artists in the city. One prominent white citizen, appealing to "Other exhibitors are Louise R. Latimer, the governor, says: John Bailey, J. S. Wilson, Jr., Gladys Doug "If something is not done to check this lass, I. S. Conway, Walter T. Brown, movement the labor situation in Jackson Anthony Queman and G. E. Livingston, all County will become quite acute, for the of whom are students. It is a significant Negroes, including some of the most trust fact that none of these students is working worthy and law-abiding, are becoming terror- for pleasure, but rather to fit himself or her stricken and are leaving there in large num self to earn a livelihood as an artist." bers. Our wives and daughters will soon be put to the necessity of doing the cooking, *I Mr. William Stanley Braithwaite, a con washing and performing other menial labor. tributing editor of THE CRISIS, has launched In addition, the farmers will suffer greatly, a new periodical, The Poetry Journal. It is for they will be deprived of field hands." published in Boston, and is a tasteful little magazine. A FRIEND. will wish to continue it indefinitely. This is FOR twenty-three years Nellie B. Adams, the prescription: go and visit Atlanta Uni a white daughter of the State of Maine, versity graduates and former students and has lived at Atlanta University as the wife of your cure will be so thorough that you will the dean. She was a keen, capable New cease to believe the disease ever existed. England worker, quick in word and deed, "We at the university know that those and devoted to the colored people not by who studied here in past years are doing good work and still love their school, but there is a difference between knowing and seeing. After twenty-three years of knowing from report it has been my privilege to come per sonally into contact with some of the Atlanta University people in their own homes and work. "All over the South there are just such groups of Atlanta University people; there are also the places where one or two are working bravely and carrying heavy burdens. I have always known this, but now I have seen and felt it. Let anybody who ever gets discouraged about Atlanta University, or about the ultimate outcome of the big prob lem that we are trying to help solve, drop everything and take a trip to visit former students of the school. He will return home, so inspired by their cheerfulness and courage, their devotion to their work, their love for alma mater and loyalty to the principles for which she stands, that he will surely never be discouraged again." Mrs. Adams was born in 1860, married in 1884 and died at Atlanta University June 27, 1912. A WRITER. JAMES W. JOHNSON, United States THE LATE MRS. N. B. ADAMS. consul in Nicaragua, and recently trans ferred to the Azores, is one of the most theory, but by a life full of friendships. As promising figures in Negro-American litera she herself wrote on her last journey in the ture. His poem on emancipation in the New world concerning pessimists: York Times is only the latest of a series of "No matter what local conditions have pro writings which show true poetic feeling and duced your own particular brand of this grasp of the English language. Mr. Johnson microbe, a sure and permanent cure has been has had a varied career. He was born in found. The remedy is so agreeable that you Florida forty-two years ago, and graduated 172 THE CRISIS at Atlanta University. Together with his gifted brother, the musician, he came to New York and wrote the words to many a lilting song that set the world a-dancing. He then turned to more serious writing, studied at Columbia, and his work began to appear in the Independent and the Century. He accepted political office in order to have more leisure to write, and has in recent years pre pared two volumes for publication, one of which might almost be called epoch making. Mr. Johnson married Miss Grace Nail, of New York City. A SCHOOL TEACHER. THE recent appointment of Garnet Crum- mel Wilkinson as principal of the Armstrong Manual Training School, in the District of Columbia, brings another colored educator to the front. Mr. Wilkinson is a native of South Carolina, where he was born in 1879. He received his education in Wash THE HON. JAMES WELDON JOHNSON. ington and at Oberlin, where he took his bachelor's degree in 1902. He has been a outside the schoolroom. He represents a teacher in the Washington schools since that type of young, clean Negro, well trained and year and has been prominent in activities well bred, and ready to help in all good work. FATHER, FATHER ABRAHAM By JAMES WELDON JOHNSON Father, Father Abraham, Father, Father Abraham, To-day look on us from above; To-day we lift our hearts to thee, On us, the offspring of thy faith, Filled with the thought of what great price The children of thy Christlike love. Was paid, that we might ransomed be. For that which we have humbly wrought, To-day we consecrate ourselves Give us to-day thy kindly smile; Anew in hand and heart and brain, Wherein we've failed or fallen short, To send this judgment down the years Bear with us, Father, yet a while. The ransom was not paid in vain. Father, Father Abraham, To-day send on us from above A blessing of thy gentle strength, Of thy large faith, of thy deep love. James W. Johnson had a folk saw the golden gates of opportunity EMANCIPATION. , , . . .. long and interesting poem swing to their hand. The nation placed the in the New York Times of January 2, which Negro and the white man upon the same ends with these words: plane of citizenship, pledged equal protec No! Stand erect and without fear, tion for equal rights of life, liberty, property And for our foes let this suffice— and the pursuit of happiness. That was the We've bought a rightful sonship here, white man's pledge. The Negro, upon enter And we have more than paid the price. ing the compact, assumed all the obligations And yet, my brothers, well 1 know of citizenship, swore fealty to our common The tethered feet, the pinioned wings, The spirit bowed beneath the blow, country, pledged obedience to its laws and The heart grown faint from wounds and shouldered his share of taxation and of civic stings; and military service. That was the Negro's The staggering force of brutish might, pledge. That strikes and leaves us stunned and dazed; "How have the pledges been kept? The long, vain waiting through the night "Ignorant, debased and defiled as a race by To hear some voice, for justice raised. slavery, the Negro made his start. Here and Full well I know the hour when hope there a helping hand has grasped his own, Sinks dead, and 'round us everywhere but where one has helped a thousand have dis Hangs stifling darkness, and we grope couraged and hindered his progress. With With hands uplifted in despair. marvelous courage, optimism and faith in Courage! Look out, beyond and see God he has pressed on, and never in all The far horizon's beckoning span! Faith in your God-known destiny! history has a race made such progress in a We are a part of some great plan. half century. The worthy things that his Because the tongues of Garrison detractors said the, Negro could not do he And Phillips now are cold in death, has done. And the unworthy things pre Think you their work can be undone? dicted of him he has avoided as successfully Or quenched the fires lit by their breath? as the white man. It has been well said by Think you that John Brown's spirit stops? Judge Wendell P. Stafford, of the District of That Lovejoy was but idly slain? Columbia Supreme Court, that 'the black Or do you think those precious drops race in less than fifty years of freedom has From Lincoln's heart were shed in vain? justified every claim of the Abolitionists. It That for which millions prayed and sighed, has shown itself brave in battle, faithful in That for which tens of thousands fought, For which so many freely died, business, eager to learn, capable of acquiring God cannot let it come to naught. and controlling wealth and able to produce Perhaps the most notable utterance on the noble, far-seeing leaders of its own blood.' jubilee of emancipation comes from the "During the past fifty years the Negro Congregationalist. When we remember that race in America has increased from four a few years ago the Congregalionalist was million to ten million souls. Negroes have edited by one of the most contemptible dough established great schools, have become the faces that the North has bred in modern chief agricultural producers of the South, days, it is all the more reassuring to have have acquired millions of property and have from the new editors this splendid editorial. achieved success in every profession and call "On the Negro and the Nation," which we ing. Statistics show that a larger proportion quote in full: of Negroes in Virginia own their homes than "Fifty years ago President Lincoln pro of white people in Massachusetts. In Miss claimed emancipation for the Southern slaves. issippi and Louisiana are more Negro farm Upon that New Year's Day four million black 174 THE CRISIS owners than white. Throughout the country political rights of free government, there there are over a third more white paupers must be security for all men under that per thousand of population than Negro, and government. If the Constitution continues to the largest percentage of crime is committed be defied and made a mockery in South by white men. Carolina, it will one day crumble in Massa "The most bitter hatred and the most chusetts and Illinois. devilish retribution are meted out to the black "If justice for an oppressed race were the man whose brutal lust leads him to attack only issue, every Christian white man in white women. But the brutal lust of the white America should spring forward to right the man invades the Negro's home, ruins colored wrong. But all that is best in American girls by the thousands, and there is hardly institutions is at stake. The church in a protest from the race that esteems itself America is on trial. There is less danger superior. In his childhood of freedom and from the Bleases and Vardamans and Till- citizenship the Negro has made the mistakes mans, whose verbal violence and brutality of childhood. But against this are the defeat their own ends, than from indifference splendid successes of the rising race as it of the men of influence, culture, scholarship gains education and finds opportunity. and Christian profession, North and South, "In casting up accounts on this semi-cen who do not help to remove this blight upon tennial we behold to the shame of our nation our national life. that fifteen Southern States where the Negro "We have faith in the white man; we have is most numerous have resorted to con faith in the Negro; we have faith in the temptible subterfuges to exclude the colored future of democracy and of America. But we citizen from the polls, even the most cultured, cannot safely remain indifferent. The Negro able and virtuous, while admitting to full problem is our problem and, while demanding rights of citizenship the most ignorant, of the black man industry, virtue and good inferior and vicious white men. The citizenship, we must give him justice and Negro is taxed for the support of a opportunity. We must have just laws and government in which he is refused a voice, enforce them impartially. If suffrage be re to pay for schools in which he does not stricted—and it should be restricted—we receive his fair opportunity, for the main must bar all who are unfit and them only. tenance of public parks from which he is We must educate all and give proper place excluded. And railroad companies, for the to the ablest and best. same fare that the white man pays, force the "During the observance of this anniversary black man into a 'Jim Crow' car, dirty and season we need a new vision of the father cheap, while the white man rides in whole hood of God, a new consecration to human some comfort. A similar injustice is found in brotherhood the world around, a new the waiting rooms.- In the North the field recognition of the inherent rights of man for of industrial opportunity for the Negro is his manhood, regardless of color or race being steadily restricted. No words can history, a new appraisal of every man on his express the inhumanity which has condoned merits; we need a new birth of Christian the lynching without trial of sixty to one love, which shall put an end to cant about hundred colored men each year during the superior and inferior races and overlordship, past generation. and square all human relations by the Golden "All this injustice has not been because Rule of the Master." the Negro was ignorant or poor or vicious, The Philadelphia North American, in a but because he was a Negro, because of the long leading editorial, says: race prejudice which has outlived the institu "That giant of intellect, Frederick tion of slavery under which it began. What Douglass, foreshadowed the progress of his becomes of the pledges made by our great race before its shackles had been struck off. nation and who has broken faith—the Negro The list of its eminent men in our own day or the white man? As citizens of this tells something of the story. And yet we Republic, as members of the Christian church, would not rest its claims on its painters, we are face to face with a serious problem in such as Tanner, or its poets, such as Dun which we have a personal responsibility. If bar, or even on its great teachers, such as democracy is to be an enduring form of Booker Washington. But rather on the solid, government, if any man is to be secure in the steady, substantial achievements of its inherent rights of manhood and in the humbler men and women in agriculture and OPINION 175 industry and the useful arts. The increase before us. They are intimately implicated in in the material wealth of the colored man the very texture of our social fabric. They is one of the marvels of the age. And he nurse our children and create in no incon has the honorable distinction of the fact siderable measure the very atmosphere that that the wealth he has is the wealth he has they breathe in the plastic period of life. created by his own labor, skill and The Negro race constitutes the rough foun intelligence. dation upon which our economic structure "It is this race that is now entering a rests. If taken away suddenly and com second and a larger freedom. As half a pletely, the South would be improverished century ago it ceased to be an industrial and brought into a desolation more appalling chattel, so now under a new and wise leader than that which came to us after the besom ship it shows that it intends to be no longer a of a civil war had swept away our fortunes. political chattel. This race of laborers is the trellis upon which "It is a happy sign that the fiftieth anniver our commercial prosperity is growing sary of Lincoln's proclamation finds the race luxuriant and fruitful. Tear it down, and reaching out for that genuine political free the vine will riot and rot on our neglected dom which Lincoln would have given it, fields." ' not only for the sake of the race itself, but because he recognized that the political and m industrial liberties of the white race must The Saturday Evening Post has inevitably be influenced by the degree of EDUCATION. j • , _. , ,.rp , an editorial on "The industrial and political liberty shared by the Foreclosed": black man who dwells within our gates." "Illiteracy as measured by the census— Out of the West comes Archbishop meaning inability to write—has fallen below Ireland's protest against color prejudice: eight per cent, of inhabitants ten years of "Color is a mere incident. Children of age and upward, the whole number of illiter God have as much right to be pleased with ates being only 5,500,000, as against over one color as another, and to think in this 6,000,000 in 1900. Of white native-born case that we are better only shows our silli children between ten and fourteen years of ness and our ignorance. Against this age less than two per cent, are illiterate. ridiculous prejudice Catholics are banded to Among all white children, native and protest most strongly and continuously. foreign born, the percentage of illiteracy "When that prejudice enters into a mind decreased almost one-half in ten years. there is no true Catholicity, and I am "So far that looks very well; but the anxious that the white Catholics will agree further figures from which optimism derives with me in this matter. comfort seem to us rather dubious. About "This prejudice exists only in America, forty per cent, of all illiterates are colored, and it is the only country where there should and among Negro children from ten to four be no prejudice, because it is the country teen years of age eighteen per cent, are un for the equality of men, the prime doctrine able to write. True, there was a great gain in of the Constitution, but one class did not the census period, the whole number of live up to it and made one class servants of colored illiterates falling by more than another. Fortunately this did not last, and 600,000 and ' the proportion of illiterate all were put on the same level. Yet many children declining from almost a third to whites remain non-American, but wherever the Catholic Church has sway this prejudice below one-fifth; but that it is still almost a has been wiped away." fifth is a great reproach to the country and a very material handicap. Even from the South there comes in the "The child who is unable to write at Alabama Baptist some heart searching: fourteen is virtually foreclosed. Between "Who are they? The Negroes. Is any him and opportunity stands a dead wall that class of persons nearer to the Southern Bap only very extraordinary luck or ability will tists? Next-door neighbors? Why, they are enable him to scale. Probably his children indoor neighbors! They not only till our will start at a heavy disadvantage. Two lands and man our factories and public million illiterate Negroes make as bad an works, but they live in our homes. They item on the national balance sheet as twenty- have fed us, by what they produce and by five bushels of corn to the acre on land what they cook, as they did our fathers capable of producing fifty." 176 THE CRISIS The New York Evening Post shows the the cause of education that this warning was reason for Negro illiteracy: unheeded, and that the bars had to be let "When you are told that a thing cost $1.98 down again last month for the new army of you inevitably think of the bargain-counter; white illiterates who have grown up in the but when that is the sum named as the last fourteen years in spite of what has been average amount expended in the State of done to give them a schooling.' South Carolina, during the year 1912, for "But the fourteen years are past, and the the education of each of the Negro children in power of white ignorance is so great that the public schools, you are not inclined to it must be extended; which was done. Com smile. There is a trace of comfort in the ment on the fact would be painting the lily." circumstance that, small as this amount is, From Virginia, too, comes protest. We it is greater by 27 cents—sixteen per cent.!— learn that at a recent meeting of colored than the corresponding amount for 1911. It people Judge John A. Buchanan, of the is easy to imagine both the quality and the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, con quantity of the education provided through demned the disfranchisement of the Negro in the laying out of this pittance. The expendi Virginia. • He attacked the conduct of the ture in each of the separate counties is speci officers in executing the provision of the fied in the report of the State superintendent, new constitution and not the law. "The and from this it appears that two counties— black man of Virginia had better be worthy Berkeley and Pickens— are neck and neck to vote and still be disfranchised than to be in the race to bring the figure down as near as the white man who was given the vote and to zero as possible, Berkeley standing at 25 sold it," said Judge Buchanan. cents and Pickins at 24. We find the table, Now and then we hear an excuse for the and accompanying statements, in a Columbia fact that Negro schools are so poor, but on dispatch to the Augusta Chronicle; appar the whole the most curious excuse is that ently, these infinitesimal amounts represent given by the Houston (Tex.) Post in a long the total outlay, though possibly there is some editorial: subvention by the State which is not taken "The State of Texas gives to the Negro into account. If so, it is certainly very child the same allotment per capita of small; and the showing is most discreditable scholastic population that it does the whites, to South Carolina. The average expenditure but of the $1,250,000 or more that is allotted for the white school children is $13.02, and for the training of Negro children, a large the lowest in any one county is $6.93." sum is diverted to the white schools. The Pittsburgh Dispatch comments on the "Why? Because so many Negro parents attitude of the South toward ignorance: are indifferent to the training of their chil "It is interesting and instructive to learn dren. In the counties having a large Negro that the hope of Louisiana that it could get population there are thousands of Negro rid of the 'grandfather clause,' or hereditary children who never attend school, and this privilege of illiterate suffrage, after a lapse very fact retards the progress of such schools of time has proved unfounded. Therefore as have been established." Louisiana has amended its constitution so as to extend that questionable privilege for We confess to great sympathy another term of years. OPPRESSION. with Congressman Tribble of "The Louisianians were not proud of their Georgia. Tribble sees the shadow of an 'grandfather clause' when they adopted it. awful shape in President Taft's attempt to But they conceived it a political necessity to put fourth-class postmasters under civil- enfranchise white illiteracy while disfranchis service rules. Says Tribble with thrilling ing Negro illiteracy. So, adopting the still accents: more unrepublican subterfuge of establishing "I desire to join my colleague from a hereditary political right, they gave it Georgia, Mr. Bartlett, in his protest against life for but fourteen years. 'It was believed,' civil-service examination for fourth-class says the New Orleans Times-Democrat, 'that postmasters. I feel that I am especially justi this provision would give a stimulus to the fied in raising my voice against this executive cause of education and that every white boy order, because if there ever was an officially would insist upon such schooling as would Negro-ridden town it is the city of Athens, enable him to sign his name and ultimately Ga., where I live. I have seriously con to vote. It is generally to be regretted in sidered the civil-service proposition as ap- OPINION 177 plied to postoffices, and I see danger in the From the program of the Phil- proposition. If you will analyze this order MUSIC- harmonic Society of New York we and its requirements you will find that the clip the following concerning Dvorak's sym examination under the civil-service order will phony, "From the New World": place in the fourth-class postoffices in the "There has been much discussion as to the South, as well as in other parts of the United origin of the themes of this symphony; some, States, many Negroes. They will stand the taking their cue from the composer's well- examinations and take their places at win known attitude toward Negro folk music, dows of small country and village postoffices. asserted that all the thematic material was I want to say to you here to-day that the derived from Negro plantation songs; others people of this country will not stand for it." took exactly the opposite view of the matter Think of it, proud Southerners compelled and said that the music was entirely Bo actually to go into examinations with hemian in character and that none of the Negroes, and not only going into the examina music remotely resembled either the Negro tions, but being incontinently beaten. It is melodies themselves or the Foster minstrel more than human patience can bear! Tribble melodies. Mr. Krehbiel, who has made a proceeds: special study of the subject, justly remarks: ''This order becomes odious to my people 'As a matter of fact, that which is most the very moment that Negroes stand examina characteristic, most beautiful and most vital tions for postoffice positions. Every man in in our folk song has come from the Negro this house would join in this fight to defeat slaves of the South, partly because those this order if it placed you in the situation it slaves lived in the period of emotional, places me. I know from experience the intellectual and social development which pro humiliation of Negro officeholders, and I duces folk songs, partly because they lived warn you here to-day of danger in the en a life that prompted utterance in song, and forcement of that order. For sixteen years, partly because as a race the Negroes are since my sojourn in Athens, there have been musical by nature. Being musical and living Negroes in the postoffice of that classic city, a life that had in it romantic elements of and during twelve years of that time there pleasure as well as suffering, they give expres was a Negro postmaster. In this city the sion to those elements in songs, which reflect State university is located, and there are their original nature as modified by their over 1,000 students. To-day nearly every American environment. Dr. Dvorak, to whom carrier in that city is a Negro. White people music is a language, was able quickly to dis will not stand the examinations and compete cern the characteristics of the new idiom with the Negro carriers." and to recognize its availability and value. He recognized, too, what his critics forgot, Evidently something must be done. We that that music is entitled to be called might, for instance, let the Texans take characteristic of a people which gives the hold. Governor Colquitt has just been look greatest pleasure to the largest fraction of ing into some of their methods and the a people. It was therefore a matter of in Houston Chronicle reports: difference to him whether the melodies which "It is impossible to secure an efficient and make the successful appeal were cause or sensible administration of justice where the effect; in either case they were worthy of fee system offers a reward for the conviction his attention.'" of persons charged with crime. It has hap pened that innocent persons have been convicted because a string of fees stretches from the moment of arrest until the defend The Columbia State has this ant is punished. THE LATE interesting psychological study "Negroes have returned from the cotton DR. CRUM. in the shape of an editorial on fields with their hard-earned money only to the late collector of the port of Charleston: be charged with crime and subjected to the "W. D. Crum, lately minister of the United fee-system drag. There are communities States in Liberia and sometime collector of in Texas where a Negro imperils his liberty the port of Charleston, was a Negro of un if it gets out that he has as much as $50 or common character. President Roosevelt ap $100." pointed him collector against the protest of This is the civil service for which Tribble's the white people of Charleston, an act for heart yearns. which there was no excuse, and in the doing 178 THE CRISIS of which the President was held by the doing the cooking, washing and performing principal spokesmen of the city to have other menial labor. In addition, the farmers broken faith with them. Strenuous efforts will suffer greatly, for they will be deprived were made to prevent Crum's confirmation, of field hands.' Not one word, of course, but they failed, and one of the reasons was about the victims of the outrage, of their loss that Crum's reputation as a man of good and suffering in having to abandon homes deportment was unimpeachable. No charges and property and flee for safety. The sole of any weight could be brought against him. consideration of importance is that the wives "In the conduct of the office of collector, and daughters of prosperous whites may be Dr. Crum exhibited remarkable discretion, without servants and the farmers without tact and common sense. For example, when farm hands. Now, we all know that the Negro a foreign warship was in port and it was the is the worst possible servant and farm-hand, duty of its commander or other officer to call that he is the curse of the South because of at the custom house, the collector was usually his criminal nature and general worthlessness. absent, leaving a white deputy to represent Ought he, then, not to be driven out at him. We have heard various incidents re once, in order that Georgia may surely be a lated illustrating his good sense and delicacy, white man's country and the way be cleared and it is certain that while he was collector for foreign immigration? Again, we are he was careful to avoid anything that would always told that the South would know cause embarrassment to white people. By exactly how to settle the Negro problem if profession he was a physician and had a con it were only let alone. But here it is in two siderable practice among the people of his hostile camps, one saying that the Negro must race. go and the other that he must stay. And "His acceptance of the office of collector Governor Brown actually suggests as a was, of course, of no benefit to his race, as it remedy a law forbidding Georgians to terrify aroused race prejudice. Had he declined it into leaving their homes people whose color • when the white people raised their protest, or methods of living they do not like." the declination would have brought him dis To this we add a clipping from the Char tinction and would have been a higher testi lotte Observer: monial to the capacity of a Negro to solve a "Just what a colored man can do on delicate situation than any sort of conduct of the farm if he is diligent and painstaking the office could have been, but it is only just was strikingly attested yesterday when Sam to say that in the office he bore himself in a Powell, one of the most" highly respected manner that commended him highly to the colored citizens of Paw Creek, sold on the community, however objectionable to it was Charlotte market thirteen bales of cotton for the occupancy of the office by a Negro." which he received a check for $1,086. He likewise disposed of 400 bushels of seed for $1.50 a bushel, or $600. Eight bales We append three quotations brought 18 cents a pound and five bales THE NEGRO without comment. First an 17 cents. The cotton was that of the Lewis AT WORK. editorial from the New York long staple variety, the staple approximating Evening Post: one and three-eighth inches in length. These "One of the strange inconsistencies in thirteen bales were grown on a field of the South's treatment of the Negro is revealed thirteen acres, Powell averaging a bale to by the appearance before Governor Brown, the acre on this tract. His sale yesterday of Georgia, of white men to protest against aggregated $1,686, or an average of $130 the driving of the Negroes out of six counties to the acre. in that State. It seems that there is a sort of "Powell is one of the leading colored Ku Klux at work, posting notices at night farmers of the county. He is well read, which warn all the colored people to leave or subscribes to several papers, including the suffer terrible punishments. As a result many Daily Observer, and is a great believer in of them are going, and one of the men who intensive farming. His success in other lines called on the governor—but dared not give of agriculture in addition to cotton growing his name—thus described the terrible conse has been in keeping with his success there. quences of the flight: 'If something is not Powell raises his own supplies at home and done to check this exodus * * * our wives and sells enough every year to more than pay for daughters will soon be put to the necessity of his expenses. Seed selection, careful tillage OPINION 179 of the soil and a diligent attention to the South, 'Oh, well,' he says, 'such outrages will growing crop are among his strong points." only urge the Negro to make more rapid The last clipping is from a letter in the progress.' This optimistic fellow makes no Charleston Post. The writer is complaining estimate of (ho extent to which such brutality of the Negro tenant in South Carolina and will depress and discourage the Negro. He says: agrees with Booker Washington that slavery "Now on the adjacent mainland things was a blessing. So is hell a blessing. So are in somewhat better shape. New men came is the devil a blessing. But, nevertheless, we in and grasped the situation; they moved the ask for none of it for ourselves. You are Negro bodily out—that is, they took away called a pessimist if you predict that a house all the planting land, selling him just a that is all aflame will burn down. The piece of non-arable land to build a house on, optimist leans altogether on God. He expects made him a fixture thereby, and eliminated God to build his houses, chop his wood and him as a competitor altogether. The conse fry his steak. God helps those who help quence is that the Negro has accepted the themselves, and no man can reasonably situation, gets his money every Saturday expect assistance in doing a work when he night, is better clothed and better fed than himself is endowed with the capacity neces his sea island neighbor, just across the sary to do that work himself. 'Hope deferred river, who goes into the farce of farming, of maketh the heart sick,' but hope deferred and which he has no scientific knowledge, makes crushed a thousand times, instead of making way with half he makes, that is under lien the heart sick awakens in some new hopes to some factor, and erstwhile listens to the looking toward impossible realization. It is agitators of his race, who advise him 'Noffer this elastic, redundant and overboiling human wuk fer Buckra.' nature that too easily contents the Negro "The question comes in then: Why do you and barely sustains the dog-trot pace of our all not do the same on the island as the white existence. We must learn to cry out, to men on the mainland did? make complaints, like the revolutionary fathers did, to send in our remonstrance to "No doubt this action would help greatly, the throne—the throne of our human govern but it would be harder to accomplish here, ment as well as the throne of Grace. 'Heredi as so much land is owned by them, or by tary bondmen, know ye not who would be aliens, who have not the interest of the free himself must strike the blow?' community at heart. "Therefore to bring about the needed "You must demand your rights. You change: must strike for your rights. You must insist "The factor must cease to advance the or you will be stripped and rendered power Negro. less."—St. Louis Advance. "The white man of the country must de " 'Jim. Crow' laws are for the purpose of prive him of planting land, as much for herding Negroes together in any and every the Negro's good as for his own." public place and conveyance; and in certain residential localities. "After a • good deal of "But here is a thing which seems so weak FROM THE effort we are gradually getting and childish in the Negro in all segregated COLORED PRESS. to the point where localities: He is compelled by law to live the most dignified and responsible publica within certain restricted limits; but when tions in the United States are beginning to you pass through these 'Jim Crow' sections capitalize the word 'Negro' just the same as inhabited by Negroes, in any Southern town they do the words 'Jew' and 'Irish.' Both or city, you will find upon nearly every the Outlook and the Century Magazine have corner a white man or a white woman keep recently decided hereafter to spell the word ing some sort of store, or scattered thickly 'Negro' with a capital 'N.' This we think is throughout the entire Negro residential a distinct victory. We hope that publica section. tions like the Independent and the New York "Why do we continue to support these Evening Post will soon follow the Outlook white stores in these segregated districts? and Century."—New York Age. Since we are forced by law, whether legal or "The optimistic Negro boasts continually illegal, to live herded together, why do we still of seeing the bright side of the picture of enrich the very folks who pen us up like life. If a Negro is burned alive in the cattle in a pen?"—St. Luke's Herald. EDITORIAL INTERMARRIAGE. 1. For the physical reason that to FEW groups of people are prohibit such intermarriage would be forced by their situation publicly to acknowledge that black blood into such cruel dilem is a physical taint—a thing that no mas as American Ne decent, self-respecting black man can be groes. Nevertheless they asked to admit. must not allow anger or 2. For the social reason that if two personal resentment to dim their clear full-grown responsible human beings of vision. any race and color propose to live to Take, for instance, the question of the gether as man and wife, it is only social intermarrying of white and black folk; decency not simply to allow, but to com it is a question that colored people sel pel them to marry. Let those people dom discuss. It is about the last of the who have yelled themselves purple in social problems over which they are dis the face over Jack Johnson just sit down turbed, because they so seldom face it and ask themselves this question : in fact or in theory. Their problems are Granted that Johnson and Miss Cameron problems of work and wages, of the right proposed to live together, was it better to vote, of the right to travel decently, for them to be legally married or not? of the right to frequent places of pub We know what the answer of the Bour lic amusement, of the right to public bon South is. We know that they would security. rather uproot the foundations of decent White people, on the other hand, for society than to call the consorts of their the most part profess to see but one prob brothers, sons and fathers their legal lem : '' Do you want your sister to wives. We infinitely prefer the methods marry a Nigger?" Sometimes we are of Jack Johnson to those of the brother led to wonder if they are lying about of Governor Mann of Virginia. their solicitude on this point; and if 3. The moral reason for opposing they are not, we are led to ask why laws against intermarriage is the greatest under present laws anybody should be of all: such laws leave the colored girl compelled to marry any person whom absolutely helpless before the lust of she does not wish to marry? white men. It reduces colored women in This brings us to the crucial question: the eyes of the law to the position of so far as the present advisability of dogs. Low as the white girl falls, she intermarrying between white and colored can compel her seducer to marry her. If people in the United States is concerned, it were proposed to take this last defense both races are practically in complete from poor white working girls, can you agreement. Colored folk marry colored not hear the screams of the "white folk and white marry white, and the slave" defenders? What have these exceptions are very few. people to say to laws that propose to Why not then stop the exceptions? For create in the United States 5,000,000 three reasons: physical, social and women, the ownership of whose bodies no moral. white man is bound to respect? EDITORIAL 181 Note these arguments, my brothers and indirect bribery; among colored papers sisters, and watch your State legisla two widely circulated weeklies are tures. This winter will see a determined openly and notoriously for sale; attempt to insult and degrade us by such there is no person or project which. non-intermarriage laws. We must kill cannot at any time, for money, buy them, not because we are anxious to in their columns prominent mention marry white men's sisters, but because or editorial support. Under such cir we are determined that white men shall cumstances it is natural that some men let our sisters alone. should assume that all periodicals de voted to the colored race have a similar code of morals. This is not true of THE "CUTS" AND "WRITE-UPS." CRISIS and it is not true of scores of KINDLY inform me what other colored papers. We may be poor will be your price to pub and struggling, but we have not yet lost lish my cut and a brief our self-respect. write-up." THE CRISIS 7. There are, of course, many prac receives so many requests tices that approach the border line of like this that we are debatable action in the matter of news going to answer all with these emphatic and editorials. Suppose a man wishes statements: a hundred copies of the number in which 1. The news columns of THE CRISIS his cut appears? Suppose an advertiser are not for sale. is worth mention as a man? Suppose 2. The news columns of no honest, that the periodical will undoubtedly be reputable periodical are for sale. helped by giving timely notice to some 3. No honest man who realizes what man or measure? Here is dangerous he is doing will ask a reputable periodi borderland, but the narrow way is clear cal to sell him space anywhere except in and straight. The editor must ask: the plainly marked advertising section. (a) Is the matter news ? 4. The dishonesty of foisting paid (6) Is the man commendable outside matter on readers as news lies in the all considerations? fact that the reader can never know If the answers are "yes," then the whether a person or deed is commended article should go in; if not it should because of its real worth or because stay out. This is our code of editorial somebody had money enough to pay for ethics. We commend it to our brother flattery. editors. We especially commend it to 5. So far as THE CRISIS is concerned, those who pester our souls with requests the public may be absolutely certain that like the above. It is a good policy. In whenever a person is commended in our the end it pays. columns, the reason therefor is that in the editor's judgment (poor and fallible CONTRIBUTIONS. as it may be) the person deserves com WE want every reader of mendation. In no single case has any THE CRISIS to send us article appeared in THE CRISIS because news of the darker of any consideration, monetary or other races. We do not want wise, expressed or implied; and this will social notes, or essays, or continue to be the case as long as THE biographies, or general CRISIS is under the present management. description. We do want facts, directly 6. The public is not wholly to be and simply told, showing: blamed for not understanding clearly 1. What colored folk are actually this code of ethics. Periodicals of all doing. kinds are continually selling their 2. Just what discriminations they influence and columns for direct or suffer. 1863—EMANCIPATION—THE THIRD GENERATION—1913 184 THE CRISIS If you look in our '' Color Line'' notes could write poetry. Of all forms and "Opinion" you will see the kind of writing, poetry is the most subtle and of facts we want. Such facts are dif difficult. Yet we receive day after day, ficult to gather. The regular news asso and month after month, reams of the ciations do not publish them, the colored most amazing drivel which we are asked papers miss half of them, and de to publish. We are getting so that the spite the fact that we spend over $500 sight of lines of uneven length on a a year, we do not get as complete written page calls for strong self-control. a picture of colored life in America as The attempt to write poetry, like we wish. Will you help us ? Search your measles, is a disease we all must have; local papers for notes and editorials; but the attempt to publish such stuff— note occurrences; let nothing slip. We to inflict it on an innocent and unsus may not be able to write you a letter of pecting public—that is the unforgivable thanks and we may not always use your sin. Wherefore send your poetry if you matter, but we shall appreciate the serv must, but we shall remain firm, planted ice just the same. This leads us to say with our back to the wall, and our grim a word in answer to hundreds of visage front forward to defend our inquiries: readers, and at the same time discern the Yes, THE CRISIS wants contributions; occasional—oh, very occasional—gem. it wants news notes, it wants articles, it So, in fine, we want contributions, but wants stories, it wants poems. we want them good. But THE CRISIS has a standard. News notes must be news notes and not thinly BLESSED DISCRIMINATION. concealed "puffs." Articles must be A GOOD friend sends us this written in the king's English and must word: say something. We do not want ram As an optimist of THE CRISIS persuasion, I find bling thoughts and opinions; we want myself more or less fre information—good solid information, quently engaged in argu illustrated by facts and pictures. We ments on the eternal race question. Here is an argu write our own editorials. They might ment I am often called upon to meet: "Jim be improved, we admit. But we insist Crow" laws make us save money; discrimina tion makes us appreciate and patronize our on writing them. Again, articles must own; segregation gives our business men a be timely. A good Washington woman chance; separate schools give our girls and sent us a note for the January CRISIS on boys something to work for. Possibly there are many doubtful minds who would be bene December 27. On that day the Janu fited by a word from you on this subject ary CRISIS, printed and bound, was being through the columns of THE CRISIS. mailed to subscribers. There is no doubt that colored people Yes, we want stories; but do you know travel less than they otherwise would, what a story is, and can you write one? on account of "Jim Crow" cars, and Believe us, it is no easy job. Most thus have this money to spend otherwise. people who try it fail. This is natural. There is no doubt that thousands of You would not start out to make your Negro business enterprises have been first dress to-day and sell it to John built up on account of discrimination Wanamaker to-morrow? No. Well, we against colored folks in drug stores, have reason to know that story writing grocery stores, insurance societies and is more difficult than dressmaking and daily papers. In a sense THE CRISIS is less liable to success. We are willing to capitalized race prejudice.. read your first attempts, but be sure and There is not the slightest doubt but send postage for return mailing. that separate school systems, by giving And poetry. Honestly, until we sat in colored children their own teachers and this chair, we never dreamed that there a sense of racial pride, are enabled to were so many people who imagined they keep more colored children in school and EDITORIAL 185 take them through longer courses than outworn handwork or decadent trades mixed systems. The 100,000 Negroes of and medieval conditions. Baltimore have 600 pupils in the The result is that our business men are separate high school; New York, with a not the travelers of a broad and beaten larger colored population, has less than path, but wanderers in a wilderness. 200 in its mixed high schools. Considering their opportunity, their Therefore discrimination is a veiled fifty banks and tens of thousands of blessing? It is not, save in a few excep business enterprises and hundreds of tional cases. thousands of dollars in industrial insur Take the "Jim Crow" car; is the ance are little short of marvelous. But money saved or merely diverted? Is it to call the cruel discrimination that has diverted to better things than travel or misdirected effort, discouraged ability, to worse? As a matter of fact separate murdered men and sent women to graves cars and parks and public insult have of sorrow—to call this an advantage is driven Negro amusements indoors, and to misuse language. The open door of the result is tuberculosis and pneumonia; opportunity to colored persons, regard they have deprived colored people of the less of the accident of color, would have civilization of public contact, and that is given us to-day $10 of invested capital an almost irreparable loss. where we have $1; and ten business men Take our business enterprises; they trained to the high and exact standard are creditable and promising, but they of modern efficiency where now we have are compelled to set a lower standard of one grim and battered survivor clinging to the ragged edge. Thank God for the efficiency than that recognized in the dollar and the survivor, but do not thank white business world. Our business men Him for the discrimination. Thank the must grope in the dark after methods; devil for that. We black people to our buyers do not know how to buy and day are succeeding not because of dis our clerks do not know how to sell; our crimination, but in spite of it. Without banks do not know how to invest, and it we would succeed better and faster, our insurance societies, with few excep and they that deny this are either fools tions, do not know what modern insur or hypocrites. ance means. We all know this, but whom do we The same thing is evident in education. blame? We blame ourselves. We carp Separate school systems give us more and sneer and criticise among ourselves pupils but poorer schools. The 200 black at "colored" enterprises and declare high-school pupils in New York have the that we can always tell a "colored" best high-school equipment in the land— store or a "colored" paper by its very beautiful buildings, costly laboratories, appearance. This is not fair. It is cruel scores of the best teachers, books and and senseless injustice. Negro enter materials, everything that money and prises conform to a lower standard not efficiency can furnish; the Baltimore because they want to, but because they high school has to struggle in a building must. Color prejudice prevents us from about half large enough for its work, training our children and our men to the with too few teachers and those at low same standards as those set for the sur salaries, and with a jealous public that rounding white world. grudges every cent the school has and The colored boy can learn servility, but wants to turn the whole machine into a he is not allowed to learn business factory for making servants for smart Baltimore. All honor to their teachers methods; colored men learn how to sweep for the splendid work they do in spite the floor of a bank, but cannot learn the of discrimination, but do not credit dis A B C of modern investments; the crimination with the triumph; credit colored industrial school does not teach Mason Hawkins. modern machine methods, but old and 186 THE CRISIS i Turn to our newspapers. They are a can offset its miserable evils, or replace sad lot, we grant you. But whose is the the opportunity, the broad education, the fault? How can they get trained men free competition and the generous emu for their work? How can they get lation of free men in a free world. capital for their enterprise? How can they maintain for themselves and their A LETTER TO A SOUTHERN WOMAN. readers a standard even as high as their (Who asked that her remarks on the Negro white contemporaries, not to say higher ? question be regarded as confidential.) Their workers are shut out from the MY DEAR MRS. X.: staffs of white magazines and news Of course I understood papers ; their readers are deprived of the that all you said last education of social contact and their very week was said with the writers are, through no fault of their sense of security that own, illiterate. There lies on our desk comes from privacy and this pitiful letter: confidence; and, of course, I have Dear Editor of the Crisis respected this confidence, although I New York. could not resist telling a few friends, in It would confure a great favor upon me. if a general way, that I was much encour the nessacery arrangment can be secured that aged by the liberal outlook of many i may constribet to your magazine Some of my people whom I met while I was visiting origanal MS.S. and Poem, as i have joust Begain to Rite Short M.S.S i awaiteing you the South. But I am really disappointed Reply that I cannot say more. Is this not the Your truly. South's most intimate tragedy—that its Shall we laugh at this or weep ? Who Bleases and Vardamans are permitted to knows what this man might have done or utter their thoughts freely, while those said if the State of Florida had let him who really represent the best thought of learn to read and write ? Shall we thank the South are forced to be silent ? How the God of Discrimination for planting is the world to know that every one of literature in such soil or shall we hate it you is not a Blease at heart, when your with perfect hatred ? noblest hopes and thoughts never find a No. Race discrimination is evil. It voice ? I know that the Abolitionists are forces those discriminated against to a anathema south of Mason and Dixon's lower standard and then judges them by line, but I wish that there were men like a higher. It demands that we do more them there, who would dare to marshal with less opportunity than others do. the conscience of their fellows in utter It denies to present workers the accumu disregard of their own careers and for lated experience of the past and compels tunes. A few fanatics, a few madmen them at fearful cost to make again the "on the side of the angels," might give mistakes of the past. Out of this cruel freedom to your twenty-five million grilling may and do come strong char people, and overshadow those fanatics acters, but out of it also come- the who bring to you criminal and the stunted, the bitter and "No light, but rather darkness the insane. One is just as much the visible.'' fruit of the tree as the other. If in any I know you will understand the spirit place and time race hatred is so un in which I write these things. It is the reasoning and bitter that separate thought of your own work, and that of schools, cars and churches are inevita your husband, that gives me the courage ble, we must accept it. make the best of to say these things to you. it and turn even its disadvantages to _ Sincerely yours, our advantage. But we must never for J. E. SPINGARN. get that none of its possible advantages New York. January 2. 1913. THE REPRESENTATIVE A STORY—By VIRGIL COOKE JOHN R. TRAVIS was very him. He looked puzzled, but I informed him much disturbed when his that his presence was disgusting to me. office boy informed him 'This is South America,' said the Englishman. that Mr. Jones, the junior 'I know that,' I answered him, 'but I could partner, was about to leave kick that Negro out of my sight,' and I for the Charlton Club to didn't speak low either." play a game of golf. Jones pulled out his watch. "Really, can't "Golf!" he thundered; "that is all he thinks we finish this some other time?" about here of late, it's golf, golf, golf! Send His partner flushed with annoyance. him to me and tell him it is something "This is business, you understand." of immediate importance." "Well, what next?" "Yes, sir," answered the boy as he hurried "The following day after my supper with away upon his errand. the Englishman I had an appointment with Mr. Jones, when informed that he was one Senor L. Mario, chief of construction wanted, made no effort to conceal his dis for the Brazilian Central Railroad. I arrived pleasure. He walked into the private office at his office and there before me was the of his partner with a "'Well, what is it?" Negro I had seen in the cafe at the hotel. Travis pulled a chair. "Sit down a minute. 'Is this Senor Mario?' I asked him, somewhat I want to discuss that Brazilian proposition surprised. He informed me that it was and with you." also that he had decided not to sign the con "So you still have that in mind?" tract for the building of those bridges." "Yes." "Perhaps the Englishman wanted the con "Better forget it," laughed the other. tract himself and had peached," suggested "Isn't there enough business nearer home we Jones. V can get? South Americans have very few "No, that wasn't it, John; the English business relations with this country." man turned out to be the general superin "I know that, but why don't we Americans tendent of the Brazilian Central. Well, I come in for a share of the South American failed; but I have hit on a new plan. I've commerce and business? England and learned of a young Negro engineer who's Germany are all doing enormous business sailing for Brazil to-day to try for a job with Brazil, while we are idly looking on. under Mario. My plan is to offer him a good This is our dull time here. Why not make a percentage if he'll represent us and land that few thousand off the dagoes?" job. He's black and he'll know how to jolly Jones smiled. "You remember, of course, Mario." that we tried once; you made a special trip "What—a Negro to represent us in Rio?" to Rio de Janeiro to put that deal through?" "Why not? What difference, if he de "That's just it " livers the goods? Besides, we won't, of "But you didn't succeed, and you didn't course, pay him as much as we would a white seem talkative on just why you failed. That man. What do you say? The contract will long trip should have brought results; it clear us at least $25,000 at any reasonable cost enough." figure." "Jones," began Travis, "a few foolish re "Oh, go ahead if you want to, but deal marks I made is the cause of our losing with the darkey yourself, please; good-day, several thousand dollars. While in Rio de I'm off." Janeiro I stopped at the Avenida. There I A month passed. made the acquaintance of an Englishman, "Heard from your South American deal?" who was a very affable and agreeable man. asked Jones one day suddenly as he spied One night he and I were in the cafe eating a cablegram. supper and telling of the various places we "Yes," grunted Travis, and tossed him the had visited when in walked a Negro, who yellow paper. seated himself not far from our table. I It read: touched my companion on the arm. 'Do they "Lost the contract, but got a job. Mario allow that at this hotel?' I asked him. sends regards." 'What?' he answered as he followed my Jones chuckled. gaze. 'Look at that black man,' I said to "Senor Mario has a good memory," he said. ABOLITION and FIFTY YEARS AFTER By STEPHEN S. WISE, Rabbi of the Free Synagogue, New York IF 1863 and emancipation to help a race to throw off its shackles and were not worth while, another thing to emancipate it unto perfect neither was 1776 nor its freedom. We have no more tried emancipa Declaration of Indepen tion as yet than Christians have ever tried dence, nor yet Magna Christianity, or Jews experimented in the Charta. We are ready to art of living by Judaism. Who will essay consider the question to judge the wisdom of emancipation after whether emancipation was worth while, be the brief term of fifty years? Moreover, in cause we have not taken wholly to heart the the despite of denying to the black race more response of Emerson to the statesman who than a tithe of the educational opportunity called the Declaration of Independence a which is the daily portion of the white race, mass of glittering generalities—the response we yet presume to judge it, a newly emerged —not a glittering generality but a blazing- people, by the most rigorous of white men's ubiquity. Emancipation could have come in standards, forgetting, as a gifted teacher of no other way. One must needs sorrow for his own race has said, that the Negro began those who seek to detract from the fame of at the zero point with nothing to his credit the Abilitionists led by William Lloyd Gar but the crude physical discipline of slavery. rison; one pities their detractors. Emancipa The Negro has proved that he has fitness tion was needed in order to redeem the and capacity for education. In truth, he has promise of the Republic, even though the shown a veritable passion for education, as latter was veiled by the expediency, which is witnessed by the extraordinary decrease dictated the framing of the Constitution. in Negro illiteracy within half a century. The American democracy and Negro slavery Education, moreover, has not demoralized the could not permanently co-exist. Our nation Negro. Happily for himself, the Negro has cannot forever exist if the white race be refuted the calumny that education is half enslaved by its prejudices and partisan dangerous, invented apparently in order ships and the Negro race only half freed permanently to disable him on his upward from its yoke. march. Curiously the North blundered in To the unjustly scorning critics of the fearing that education would for the first Abilitionists be it said that Garrison was a time in the history <3f human striving unfit a no less noble figure than Robert Gould Shaw race for life. Again, the States have not himself. Men rightly see noblest heroism in fairly and adequately provided educational the deeds of the soldiers of the Civil War, opportunities for the Negro. The education and wrongly ignore the noble courage of which has moralized the Negro has unfitted those intrepid souls who fought the war for him solely for a life of servitude. If it be freedom during thirty long, terrible years sought to keep a race in permanent subjec before Gettysburg. Colonel Shaw went forth tion, every educational opportunity must be to battle and immortality amid the plaudits sedulously withheld from it. If the Southern of Boston and the reverence of a nation, but States cannot afford to give to the cause of Garrison fared forth unto his thirty years of Negro education more than one-third or one- resistless, withal weaponless, warfare amid quarter of the amount needed for this work, the execrations of the mobs of his day. The in order that the race may be led by teachers speaker of the Harvard commemoration who are competent, educated and decently address of 1865 said of the men of Harvard remunerated, and that the educational and their kind, who had given their lives opportunities of the race be complete and that the nation might live: "We shall not diversified and serviceable, then it remains disparage America now that we have seen the business of the nation to step in and what men it will bear." This word might assume a portion of the burden which is have been as truly spoken of the men whose explicably too heavy for the South to bear. moral might and spiritual genius had made Among the influences which have operated emancipation possible, whose voice Abra as against the rise of the Negro, and to make ham Lincoln was when he proclaimed emancipation a thing of name rather than of emancipation. fact, has been the rise in our own genera Have we really emancipated the Negro or tion of the spirit of race consciousness, or merely abolished slavery? It is one thing rather of race consciousnesses, together with ABOLITION AND FIFTY YEARS AFTER 189 the inevitable stress upon superiority and begin by assailing the rights of the fewest inferiority which race consciousness entails. and weakest, but it will not end until it holds In addition to a veritable madness of race lightly the rights of all save the fewest and boasting and race pride touching' the so- strongest. called meaner breeds, we have witnessed the We may deny justice to the Negro, we rise of an almost morbid nationalism demand may withhold from him elementary political ing, among other things, Germany for the rights, we may scourge and stripe him, we Germans, Russia for the Slavs and America may hang and burn him, but in the end the for the white race. This race apotheosis and white race will suffer most. No race can national self-aggrandizement might have been ' violate the moral law with impunity; no race successfully combatted if Garrison and can for years and generations pursue courses Phillips had survived to do battle in the name that are unjust without mutilating its own of the internationalism which in these days moral nature and sinking to a lowered level is considered an obsolete sentimentality. of life. The Negro victim of the Coates- The men of the North have no right to ville mob was fiendishly wronged, but the cast reproaches at the South touching its white community of Coatesville is most attitude to the Negro, even at its worst, see deeply and abidingly injured, for it is hurt ing that the North has done no more for the in the very fundamentals of its life. Negro, and is doing no more, than to ignore Earnestly ought we appeal to-day to the him as though he were not, when it is not Negro race to keep their problems out of the actually doing him injury and harm. The whirl of politics. The Negro must not suffer North has ceased to be ready to make sacri the fortunes of his race to be embroiled in fices on behalf of humanitarian convictions, partisan strife. The Democratic party has primarily because it has no convictions of its always been ready to treat the political dis own. In the interest of fancied industrial abilities of the Negro as a vote-getting relations and imaginary political peace, the opportunity, and the Republican party no North tolerates intolerable courses when it less willing to utilize him as an always does not actually share in them. As long dependable asset. The third party may mean as the men and women of the North suffer to be just to the Negro, but is it just to treat the Negro race to live in utter isolation in him well in the Northern States, where such our city and cities, to feel themselves shut treatment will be unobjectionable, and to out and despised, so long do we forfeit the treat him ill, virtually to disable him, in the right to deal with the injustices of the South Southern States, where such Negro disable to the Negro race. ment will be most acceptable to the citizen The outstanding fact in the field of rela ship, remembering that in the South, where it tionship between the two races is the weak is proposed to leave his present status of ness, though not want of courage, of the few disabilities unremedied, there are to be found who recognize the wrong and the inhospi- the Negroes who are the true leaders of their tality of the multitude touching any protest race? It is unworthy on the part of the against wrong, if wrong be done merely (!) great political parties to treat the fortunes to the Negro. We seem to have become tepid of a race of ten millions and more as a pawn and indifferent touching the direst wrong if upon the chessboard of political advantage. it be only the Negro who is its victim. We Emancipation came as a war measure, and forget that the stronger race is more suscep rightly so—a measure of war upon slavery. tible to moral damage than the weaker race. Pity did not free the Negro, but war did. If the moral fibre of partially strong races Pity and charity will not solve the Negro be enfeebled, moral havoc is likely to result. problem of to-day. It is upon the higher Moreover, a political menace is involved, a grounds of justice and democracy that the menace to those members of the white race question must be met. We face to-day, as a primarily in the South, but ultimately in the nation, not a Negro question, but the Ameri North as well, who are nearest to the Negro can question.. It is and always has been the race in outward or economic circumstance. test and touchstone of American life, testing The rights of the poor white have already the very foundations of the Republic. If we been assailed in the South in order in part fail here we fail everywhere. The question to justify Negro proscription, and because of is not one of racial equality, but of social the ever growing desire of the strong to justice, of true democracy, of genuine limit the powers of the weak. A nation may Americanism. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE MEMBERSHIP. Alabama; Mrs. A. W. Hunton, social worker WE have at last passed the "1,000 mem- for the Y. W. C. A.; Mr. W. E. B.. Du Bois v * bers" mark. The record now is 1,092 and Mr. Joel Spingarn, president of the New members, which constitutes us the largest York branch. Hon. Charles Whitman was association of the sort which colored people unable to be present, but his written address ever had. was read by Dr. A. C. Powel. Nearly 2,000 persons were present. Musical selections were rendered by the Walker Female Quartet MEETINGS. and Mme. Lula Robinson Jones. IN the South Dr. Mason addressed meet- Emancipation celebrations have been noted ings in the interest of the association at elsewhere in this issue. On February 12, Bennettsville, Florence and Charleston, S. C. Lincoln's Birthday, the following branches In Atlanta he spoke at Morris Brown, will hold anniversary meetings: Chicago, Clarke and Gammon Colleges. The next Tacoma, Kansas City, Washington and night he made an address in Birmingham, Boston. In New York the anniversary meet and on January 10 spoke before the Upper ing will be held at Cooper Union, February Mississippi Conference at Durant. Dr. 10. Spingarn spoke at Atlanta Baptist College and at Atlanta University. Dr. Du Bois ANNUAL MEETING. addressed the Association of Cosmopolitan THE annual meeting of the association Clubs at their annual conference in Phila was held in the Evening Post Build delphia and the colored State teachers of ing on January 21. There were a number of Baltimore. In the First Congregational addresses and detailed reports by officers and Church at Natick, Mass., he spoke on the committees, and by guests who were present. races congress and general problems. The guest of honor was H. O. Tanner, the In Boston, between December 29 and artist. There was an- exhibition of the work January 5, four meetings were held in the of Mr. Harry Roseland, the artist, who has interest of the association. The chairman of achieved notable success in portraying the board of directors, Mr. Villard, succeeded Negro life. in interesting a large number of people in the work of the association by his stirring address in Zion Church on December 29. BRANCHES. Mr. Charles Edward Russell addressed THE Quincy branch, one of the youngest enthusiastic audiences in Kansas City. Miss affiliating with the national organiza Gruening, the assistant secretary, addressed tion, reports an enthusiastic meeting in one the colored branch of the Y. M. C. A. in of their largest churches. Mr. Charles New York City, the ladies' auxiliary at Edward Russell represented the National Beth Elohim Synagogue, Brooklyn, and on Association. Other speakers were Honorable •January 5 took charge of the meeting of the George Wilson, of the State legislature, and B. Y. P. U. at the Mount Olivet Baptist several ministers. Church in New York City, where Miss Oving- The Detroit branch reports that since join ton and Mr. Morton spoke. ing the National Association, May, 1912, On January 12 there was a mass meeting their organization has rapidly grown in mem of the National Association at Young's Casino bership and influence, and is now in the in Harlem. Bishop Alexander Walters pre midst of a vigorous campaign defend sided. The speakers were: Mr. William ing the civil rights of colored people Pickens, professor in Talladega College, in that vicinity. As a result several THE N. A. A. C. P. 191 large restaurants and theatres have ceased the first colored man ever elected by the to discriminate against colored people. The Methodist Episcopal Church to such a branch has been greatly assisted by a clear position. g<| and definite State law prohibiting such dis UNIVERSITY COMMISSION ON crimination and by Mr. Shepherd, the mili SOUTHERN RACE QUESTIONS. tant prosecuting attorney. The branch has DR. SPINGARN, as representative of the been most fortunate in having the co National Association, attended the operation of some of the most prominent University Commission on Southern Race colored men. Re Questions which cently the Rev. Mr. met at the Uni Bagnall and Dr. versity of Georgia on Albert Johnson led December 18 and 19), in the prosecution of with Professor a restaurant keeper Brough, of the Uni for refusing to serve versity of Arkansas, colored people. They as chairman and won the suit and Professor Hurley, of although it has been the University of appealed they are Virginia, as secre confident of u 1t i - tary. This commis mate victory. sion is an organiza This month two tion consisting of one new branches were representative from admitted to member each of the eleven ship : Kansas City Southern State uni and Tacoma, Wash. versities. The com Not long since mission mapped out Chicago was our its work for the suc most western out ceeding year and post ; then came decided to hold its Indianapolis, n o w next meeting at Rich Kansas City, and mond, Va., on De- with Tacoma we cember 18, 1913. In reach the Western the meanwhile its coast. various committees will undertake a NATIONAL series of investiga ORGANIZER. tions in regard to WITH the be- the Negro in the ' ' ginning of South and his rela the new year the tions with his white association has been neighbors. Dr. J. H. so fortunate as to en Dillard, agent of the gage the services of Jeanes Fund, was, Dr. M. C. B. Mason, with Dr. Spingarn, the well-known admitted by special clergyman and lec vote to the sessions of DR. M. C. B. MASON. turer, as national the commission. National Organizer and Corresponding Secretary. organizer. Dr. Mason, who needs no introduction to the FLYING SQUADRON. readers of THE CRISIS, was ordained in 1883, "IN BUTTERFLY LAND," a dramatic and has held pastorates in New Orleans and •*• fantasie, was charmingly staged by the Atlanta. Since 1891 he has been connected Flying Squadron in New York, January 3. with the Freedmen's Aid and Southern Edu The proceeds, in the form of a substantial cation Board of the Methodist Episcopal purse, were presented to the National Asso Church, having been corresponding secretary ciation. The entertainment was the original for the last seventeen years. He was production of the members of the Flying 192 THE CRISIS Squadron. The talented president, Mrs. Dora tion the first definite knowledge that the Cole Norman, wrote the lyrics and with her association has been actively concerning sister, Miss Carriebel Cole, taught the original itself with the situation at, Coatesville. Its dances which formed an attractive feature of directors decided, after the lynching meeting the program. The music was directed by held in Ethical Culture Hall on November Miss Helen Elise Smith. The words of the 15, 1912, to devote the sums raised at that charming selection, "Little Lonesome Child," meeting and by an appeal to the membership, were written by Miss Louise Latimer, who and also the sum contributed for legal redress also designed the costumes. Miss Carriebel during the year 1912, to an investigation of Cole in her artistic solo dancing received the Coatesville lynching with a view of enthusiastic applause from an appreciative obtaining information which might induce audience. Miss Madeline Allison was de the authorities to continue the work of prose lightfully adapted to the role of "Little cuting those guilty of this inexcusable and Lonesome." The others who took part were inhuman crime. the Misses Lottie Jarvis, Elsie Benson, Emily First that splendid journalist and warm Douglas, Pauline Mars, Lurline Saunders, hearted woman, the late Mary Dunlop Mac Alice Sousa, Mamie Sousa, Pauline Turner, lean, went to Coatesville and found out more Vivienne Ward and Bessie Pike. in two days than the State of Pennsylvania had unearthed in as many months. After that Mr. William J. Burns, the famous detec tive, was retained by the association, and COATESVILLE. under his instructions two of his men IF the issue of civilization is finally en- opened a restaurant in Coatesville and bent forced upon Coatesville and the themselves to the task of finding out the State of Pennsylvania, the credit will belong whole story. This was much easier than had to this noble society. I am glad of the been anticipated, but the detectives stayed opportunity to praise them. With inade quate means, lukewarm support, and with in Coatesville for some months, after which most avenues of publicity closed to them, the restaurant was sold. As a result the these people have given themselves to the association has the names of a number of most unpopular cause in the world, yet participants who were not indicted, but who one which is obviously fundamental to should have been indicted, and a list of wit civilization—equality of opportunity for a great unprivileged, overborne, unhappy sec nesses who were not called by the prose tion of our people. As long as any are cution when the case was tried, and other victims of inequality, as long as any are information of a damaging character against exploited or dispossessed, there can be no a number of citizens of Coatesville, the civilization—and this means Negro human nature of which cannot be revealed even at beings as well as white. this time. The substance of the information thus obtained has, however, been communi cated to the authorities, notably Governor "The Association for the Advancement of Tener of Pennsylvania, who was waited upon Colored People employed William J. Burns on September 19 by the chairman of the to put his operatives into Coatesville. This board of directors, Mr. Oswald Garrison took place in the summer of 1912. In Sep Villard. the counsel for the association, tember the chairman of the society, Mr. Mr. William M. Wherry, Jr., and Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, its attorney, Mr. William J. Burns, accompanied by the head Wherry, and the writer of this article, of his Philadelphia office, and Mr. Nock of accompanied Mr. Burns to Harrisburg and the American Magazine. laid the results of the investigation before The Governor was sincere, straightfor Governor Tener." ward and anxious to do everything that he In these words Mr. Albert J. Nock com could to help. He said frankly that his ments in the February issue of the American inability to get convictions at Coatesville was Magazine upon the National Association for one of the "failures of my administration," the Advancement of Colored People and the and he agreed that there should be a meeting work done by it in investigating the horrible with the assistant attorney-general, Mr. burning of "Zach" Walker at Coatesville on Cunningham, who had charge of the case. August 12, 1911. This will give to the Mr. Wherry went direct to Pittsburgh to call public and to the members of the associa upon him and found Mr. Cunningham equally THE N. A. A. C. P. 193 chagrined that the State had not been able participated, and the head of the police was to punish the guilty. weak if not inefficient. It appears clearly On December 12 Mr. Villard proceeded to that one reason for the popular indifference Coatesville and spent an evening with the to the punishment of the mob murderers is courageous group of citizens who have co that some of the more important criminals operated with the association and aided it and instigators were not put on trial. Those in every way and are determined that the whom it was sought to convict first were stain upon the good name of Coatesville young boys who were probably drawn to shall be redeemed by the conviction of some the scene by curiosity. The chief instigator one, if this is in any way possible. The is known, but he has never even been basis of both these interviews was the indicted. The police officer, Howe, who admirable brief and summary of the case and should have been tried, though indicted, was of the evidence obtained by the Burns detec not brought before a jury. The failure of tives which was prepared by Mr. Wherry the prosecution is, however, mainly due to the at very considerable inconvenience and large depraved tone of the community of Coates expenditure of time, which he generously ville and of Chester County as a whole. It donated to the association. The association is easy to point out where the authorities feels that this visit to Coatesville and its made mistakes, but, on the whole, they made other activities had something to do with the an earnest and serious effort to convict, with admirable recommendation by Governor the governor doing everything he could to Tener, in his annual message to the legis urge them on. lature of Pennsylvania, that the charter of As already stated, it is the hope of the Coatesville be revoked, since its inhabitants association before very long to report that have been consorting with and shielding additional prosecutions have been under murderers. For this action Governor Tener taken. The Governor should be all the more is again entitled to the gratitude of all law- inclined to do this because it has been openly abiding citizens in the United States. The charged in the public print by a burgess of Coatesville committee proposes, at this Coatesville that, although the chief instigator writing, to get into touch with him, and to has been known, no effort has been made by aid it the association has placed at its the State to apprehend him—this being said disposal the substance of Mr. Wherry's in defense of the Chester County juries. report. Under the circumstances there is every reason to hope that THE CRISIS will shortly be able to report the reopening of the MY DEAR DR. DU BOIS : prosecutions, in which the association will co-operate to the extent of its ability. It Relating to your editorial on Truth, can will freely place the information acquired by you keep before us any more effectively than the Burns detectives in the hands of the you are already doing the Truth that dis State authorities if this is desired. crimination against colored Americans is not only an evil, but an unnecessary evil? I find So far as the crime itself is concerned, the so many of my friends are inclined to throw investigation of the association proved that up their hands in despair with the confession no more inexcusable crime ever occurred. that they cannot overcome the race prejudices The social conditions of lawlessness and of the community. degradation which made the crime possible We must keep before them not merely the are thoroughly covered by Mr. Nock in the cruelty of their prejudices, but that the February American. In addition, it appears cruelty is unnecessary and that prejudices that there was inefficiency in the police can be overcome. department. Notably was this true of officer To tell a community already partially Stanley Howe, who had Walker in charge at the hospital and was duly armed and uni prejudicial that other communities are more formed, but permitted the crowd to take the prejudiced than they may increase rather prisoner from him without as much as than decrease the evil, unless you counteract making an effort to protect him, the door of the debasing influence of an evil example by the hospital being opened from within. the inspiring influence of a noble example. Another police officer left town because he Sincerely, had helped in the lynching. Still another GEO. G. BRADFORD. THE BURDEN COLORED MEN AND WOMEN LYNCHED S. Mclntyre, same offense (?) WITHOUT TRIAL. Yellow Pine, La.—Boy, writing letters to 1885 78 1899 84 ladies. 1886 71 1900 107 Jackson. Ga.—Henry Ethrage, securing 1887 80 1901 107 immigrants. 1888 95 1902 86 1889 95 1903 86 Greenville, Miss.—Man, assaulting a white 1890 90 1904 83 woman. 1891 121 1905 61 .Columbus, Miss.—George Edd, shooting a 1892 155 1906...' 64 woman. 1893 154 1907 60 1894 134 1908 93 Monroe, La.—Man, threatening violence. 1895 112 1909 73 Reported in June—3. 1896 80 1910 65 1897 122 1911 63 Tyler, Tex.—Dan Davis, rape. 1898 102 1912 63 Valdosta, Ga.—Emanuel, shooting a white man. Total 2.584 Nashville, Tenn.—J. Samuels, assault on a LYNCHINGS, 1912. white woman. Reported in January—1. Reported in July—3. Muldrow, Okla.—Man, murder and assault. Pinehurst. Ga.—A woman, murder. Reported in February—8. Rochelle. Ga.—McHenry, murder. Hamilton, Ga.—Three men and a girl, Lueesdale. Miss.—Forest Bolin, testifying murder. against liquor sellers. Cordele, Ga.—Man, rape. Reported in August—1. (5?) Bessemer, Ala.—Man, murder. Paul Station, Ala.—A man, murder. Yidalia, Ga.—Man, murder. Second man, same place (?) Macon, Ga.—Man. rape and robbery. Clarksville. Tex.—Leonard Pots, murder. Reported in March—7. Plummerville. Ark.—John Williams, mur Chattanooga, Tenn.—Three men, murder. der. Marshall, Tex.—Man and woman, murder. Columbus, Ga.—T. Z. Cotton, 16 years old, Memphis. Tenn.—Man, rape. manslaughter. Starksville, Miss.—Man, assault on a woman. Reported in September—5. Reported in April—12. Russellville, Ark.—Monroe Franklin, Fort Smith, Ark.—Man, murder. assault on a woman. Marianna, Ark.—Three men, labor troubles Cummings, Ga.—Ed. Collins, accessory to and insulting remarks. assaulting woman. Blackburg, S. C.—Two men forcing a man Greenville, S. C.—Brooks Gordon,, assault to drink whiskey. ing woman. Olare, S. C.—Three men, arson. Humboldt. Tenn.—Will Cook, refusing to Cochran, Ga.—Man. murder. dance. Shreveport, La.—Man, insulting a white Princeton, W. Ya.—Walter Johnson, at man. tacking a white girl. Starksville, Miss.—Man, fright at his Reported in October.—5 approach. Bakersfield, Cal.—Unknown, attacking a Reported in May—6. (7?) child. Shreveport, La.—Tom Miles, insulting note Cullings, Ga.—Bob Edwards, complicity in to a white girl. attacking child. THE BURDEN 195 Americus, Ga.—Yarborough, attacking a A BETTER DETECTIVE SYSTEM NEEDED. girl. "The shocking crime of a Negro in the Rawlins, Wyo.—Wigfall, assaulting a outskirts of Trenton this week, of which a _ woman. young woman was the victim, calls attention Shreveport, La.—Sam Johnson, murder. anew to the imperfections of the police Reported in November—1. detective system in New Jersey, if it may be Birmingham, Ala.—Will Smith, murder. described as a system."—Newark ' (N. J.) Star, December 5. Reported in December—8. (11?) Norway, S. C.—John Feldon, obtaining goods under false pretenses. BLOODHOUNDS LOSE Preston Ark.—A. Dempsey, assaulting woman. TRAIL OF NEGRO WHO Jackson, Miss.—Joe Beamon, resisting ATTACKED A WOMAN arrest-. —New York World, December 5. Port Allen, La.—N. Cadore, murder. McRae, Ga.—Sidney Williams, murder. Tutwiller, Miss.—Man. insulting language. TRENTON DOGS LAND Little Briton, S. C.—Man, resisting arrest. Butler, Ala.—A. Curtis, murder. A NEGRO IN LOCK-UP Butler, Ala.—Three Negroes, murder (?) —New York Tribune, December 6. Total 63, possibly 68. For alleged attacks on women, 17. (No news of the matter found since the above in any of the metropolitan m dailies.) THE MANUFACTURE OF PREJUDICE. "William Atzenhalfer, a white farm hand of Ewing Township, confessed to-day that it was he who attacked Miss Luella Marshall WOMAN CLUBBED of this city on last December 3, and injured AND LEFT TO DIE; her so severely that she died a week later. Atzenhalfer insisted that he had mistaken POSSE SEEKS NEGRO Miss Marshall for a man on whom he sought revenge, and that he had not meant to kill —New York Herald, December 4. her."—Amsterdam News (colored), January 3. TRENTON WOMAN RACE WAR IN A ASSAULTED BY A HIGH SCHOOL NEGRO IN FIELD —Camden (N. J.) Courier, December 4. Black and White Pupils Battle in Room of Wendell Phillips FIRST ARREST INSULT TO GIRL THE CAUSE . IN TRENTON MAN CHASE MADE Football Players Take Active Part in the Scrimmage Posse Capture Negro, Who, It Is "A miniature race war between the black Believed, Is the Assailant of Miss and white pupils of Wendell Phillips high Luela Marshall—Lynching Narrowly- school developed yesterday afternoon in the Averted—Bloodhounds Led the Trail assembly room of the school. More than a —Jersey City (N. J.) Journal, December 5. dozen boys engaged in the fight. 196 THE CRISIS "The row started when Leo Stevens, a seriously injured. There were several dis colored boy who had been expelled from the colored eyes and blood was drawn."— school a few weeks ago, was struck by a white Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, November 1. boy. It was said the Negro insulted a white girl as the pupils were passing from the "The Tribune published in glaring head assembly hall at 2:30 o'clock. lines, 'Race War in Public Schools,' then "The white boy was attacked by several went on to say that a colored boy was pounced Negro boys. These in turn were set upon upon by a number of football players be by a group of the high school football players cause he was supposed to have said some who were starting out for practice. thing to one of the boys' sister while passing. Upon investigation they found that there "One of the 'lieutenant marshals,' the was no truth whatsoever in the story, so to police force of the student body, tried in ease their conscience (?) retracted it a few vain to stop the fight. Some of the girls who days later. The retraction, however, was had remained in the room screamed and put in an obscure corner of the paper. The attracted the attention of the principal, damage was done and this great paper seems Spencer R. Smith. He stopped the battle to take especial pains to herald broadcast and took Stevens to his office. The other anything derogatory to the Negro they can boys were not held. find or make up. If they would devote as "Among the members of the football team much space to extolling our virtues as they who were mixed up in the fight were Frank do to holding up our faults to the world, we Davidson, John Harper, Roy Munger, John would be very grateful."—Chicago Defender Alberts and Melvin Smith. No one was (colored). The ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY By CHARLES H. GARVIN THE existence of a Negro The fraternity has passed through its for ' intercollegiate Greek-letter mative stage and his reached a stage at which fraternity is scarcely known it may, without assumption, claim to be a to the general reading pub shaping element in the life of Negro college lic. As far as we know there men. It was organized by seven young men is only one such national of high character and scholarly ambition, and undergraduate fraternity, is not to be judged by its growth in num although there are several local organizations bers alone, nor even by the local influence that are tending to become national. of its chapters, but by the real value of its The Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity was output. It numbers among its active members founded March, 1906, at Cornell University, the leading lights in college activities and and became incorporated April 16, 1912. Its scholarship. One year alone all the "honor establishment was not accidental, but it was men" in the college class of Howard were designed to meet a great need among Negro Alpha Phi Alpha men; for two years the college men. It is accomplishing its purpose leading oratorical prize at Columbia and the of bringing together the best type of men. honor prize in French were won by Alpha Since its founding fifteen chapters have Phi Alpha men. These are but a few of the been established. The eleven active chapters honors won by Alpha Phi Alpha men and are Alpha, Cornell; Beta, Howard; Gamma, show the type of men the fraternity seeks. Union; Delta, Toronto (Canada); Epsilon, Its alumni and honorary members are Michigan; Zeta, Yale; Eta, Columbia; Theta, among the foremost men of the race. Medical School of Illinois; Iota, Syracuse; Kappa, Ohio State; Mu, Minnesota; Nu, The annual conventions of the fraternity Lincoln ; Xi, Wilberf oree; one graduate chap have been unusually successful; the first was ter at Louisville, Ky., and the Alpha Alumni held at the seat of Beta Chapter, the second Chapter in New York City. in New York City, the third in Philadelphia. THE ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY 197 DELEGATES TO THE FOURTH ANNUAL CONVENTION. the fourth at the seat of the Epsilon Chapter vice-president; Joseph R. Fugett, Cornell, and the fifth at the seat of the Kappa Chap secretary, and Clarence A. Jones, Ohio State, ter, Ohio State University, on December 26, treasurer. 27 and 28. In connection with this was held The Negro Greek-letter fraternity is no the first alumni reunion. The officers for the longer an experiment; it is a dominant factor past year were: Charles H. Garvin, How for good and binds Negro college men as no ard, president; Leon S. Evans, Michigan, other organization can. HARRIET GIB BS-MARS HALL President LOUIS G. GREGORY, Financial Secretary HAREY A. WILLIAMS, Vice-President GREGORIA A. FRASER, Recording Secretary The Washington Conservatory of Music and School of Expression Piano, Violin, Wind Instruments, Piano Tuning, Vocal Expression, History of Music Theory and Modern Languages The first and only Mission Music School founded and controlled by Negroes in America. Many scholarships awarded. Talented students never turned away unaided. 902 T Street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. Mention THE CRISIS. 198 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Publishers' Page PRAISE FROM A SON OF FROM HAMPTON WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON I appreciate very much indeed the excellent manner in which the cuts or half-tones of I wish I could adequately express my colored people are brought out in your appreciation of the ability and attractiveness magazine. To my mind it is most excellent. of the magazine. Yours very truly. Sincerely yours, G. W. BLOUNT, FRANCIS J. GARRISON. Assistant to Commandant, Newtonville, Mass. Hampton, Va. FROM TUSKEGEE FROM OUR LIVEST I think it is the best Negro publication NEWSPAPER ever published, not only in its mechanical THE CRISIS has secured probably the makeup, but also in its contents. biggest circulation of any race publication in WILSON S. LOVETT. the country. Treasurer's Assistant. THE AFRO-AMERICAN, Tuskegee. Ala. Baltimore, Md. An Open Letter to CRISIS Agents DEAR CO-WORKERS : Nearly ten thousand people have become monthly purchasers of THE CRISIS since January, 1912. Our total circulation was: January, 1912. 15,000: January. 1913, 23.000. You are largely responsible for this. Your loyalty and aggressiveness indicate a devotion to the work which is a constant inspiration to us to make THE CRISIS a better magazine. But we must have a circulation of 50,000. Can you produce it in 1913? We believe you can. Begin now a definite plan to double your sales during the year. If possible, organize your sub-agents and assistants into a club and hold monthly meetings to discuss methods of operation and exchange selling ideas. You will get the benefit of each other's experience, and the team work will produce enthusiasm and an increase in sales and subscriptions. We also plan to make 1913 a banner year for advertisements and need your help. The only argument we have to present to an advertiser is our ability to produce results for him. We know we have a good advertising medium, for most of our advertisers have told us so: but there are many people who take pleasure in boasting that they "never read advertisements," and some of these are CRISIS readers. Our record for clean advertising is history. No exaggerated statements or impossible propositions are permitted in our columns and we exercise every precaution to verify the reliability of each advertiser. This gives additional prestige to the advertisements that appear, since they bear our stamp of approval (which fact is a splendid selling argument for you). THEREFORE WE WANT YOU TO HELP US BY BOOSTING THE CRISIS ADVERTISERS. When making a sale direct attention to the clean, concise businesslike manner in which each advertiser states his proposition, as well as the well- written articles and other features. We also wish, for the convenience of our readers, a directory of first-class hotels that accommodate colored patrons. Help us secure the advertisements of such hotels in your locality. We will allow you very liberal commissions for your efforts. An acknowledgment of this letter will be deeply appreciated by The PUBLISHERS OF THE CRISIS Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 199 DO YOU WANT A PROMOTION? Positions filled in every line of educational work. We have a special demand for Music Teachers Domestic Science Teachers High School Teachers Bookkeepers and Stenographers Agricultural Teachers Manual Training and Industrial Teachers We had calls for teachers in 1912 from Alabama Georgia Mississippi South Carolina Arkansas Kentucky Maryland Tennessee Delaware Louisiana New Jersey Texas Florida Missouri North Carolina Virginia West Virginia School officials are beginning now to select their faculties for the coming year. Register early and get in touch with them. Blanks and information furnished free upon application. MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY 1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. CRISIS-MAID WILLOW PLUMES Whenever you see the name CRISIS-MAID, think of quality, prompt service and fair prices. These high-grade willow plumes shipped prepaid to your address at the following manufacturer-to-consumer prices: No. AS. Length, 19 inches; width, 20 inches Price $4.50 " B7. " 22 " " 23 " " 5.75 '< C9. " 24 . " " 25 " " 6.85 " E13. " 30 " " 30 " " 12.00 THE DUNBAR COMPANY, 26 Vesey Street, NEW YORK Mention THE CRISIS. 200 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER The very Business Opportunity for which YOU have been looking may possibly he here on this page. Capitalize your spare time selling REDDICK'S REGALIA WORLD'S GREATEST POLISHING MITTS. Users A Race Enterprise say it's the best practical polishing device on earth. Agents of both sexes say it's the best moneymaker Manufacturing Badges, Banners and Supplies on earth. Write at once for our liberal proposition. for all Fraternal and It sells itself. See advertisement on page 162. Church Societies. Cata logue upon request. CENTRAL REGALIA CO. Jos. L. Jones, Pres. RELIABLE, LIVE, N. E. Cor. 8th and Plum Sts. RESPONSIBLE MEN Cincinnati, Ohio who can sell real estate can MAKE MORE than $200 PER MONTH acting as AGENTS for the sale of our properties in WANTED MUSKOGEE and TAFT, OKLAHOMA. The real coming country where there are 500 Negro families (farmers pre opportunities and openings for all. Write us to-day, giving your age and experience, ferred) to settle on FREE Govern and we will offer you a FINE PROPOSI ment Lands in Chaves County, New TION WHICH WILL MAKE YOU MONEY. Address Mexico. Blackdom is a Negro colony. Fertile soil, ideal climate. No "Jim REEVES REALTY CO. Grow" Laws. For information write Department C 217 Flynn-Ames Bldg. Muskogee, Okla. JAS. HAROLD COLEMAN Blackdom, New Mexico AGENTS—Big money. Johnson-Flynn fight and other copyrighted Negro pic There's something extremely touching about tures. Portraits. Pillow Tops. Catalog FREE. 30 days' credit. The Oriole Concert Waltzes PEOPLES PORTRAIT CO. by Herman Zimmerman. A favorite wher Station U, Chicago, Ill. ever heard. 20c. per copy for the next 30 days. PARKS MUSIC HOUSE TYPEWRITERS Louisiana, Mo. Remingtons, Densmores, J e w e t t s, $11.50 each ; Franklins, Postals, Ham Start the New Year Right monds, $9 each. Bargains in Underwoods, Smiths and all Resolve to save all your extra money and begin others. All guaranteed. that bank account. Supplies. You cannot be more profitably employed than acting as agent for THE CRISIS. Standard Typewriter .The sales from our magazine will insure you a Exchange snug little sum of extra money each month. For 23B Park Row, New York information address: Sales Manager of THE CRISIS PRESIDENTS 26 Vesey Street New York NEGRO REPUBLIC in colors and a short history of Liberia. 16 x 20. The Curse of Race Prejudice Ready to hang on the walls; only 50c. prepaid; in gold frames $1.25. Everybody wants one. Write By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. NEGRO PRESS, Box 126; Gainesville, Fla., U. S. A. 1,000 agents wanted. An i aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon champion of equal rights. Startling facts and crush ing arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Belongs in the library of every friend of social Folding BATH TUBjustice . Price 25 cents. Send orders to Costs little, no plumbing, requires little water. Weight 15 pounds, and folds into small roll. Full length baths,fa r better than tin tubs. LASTS for JAMES F. MORTON, JR. years. Write for special agents offer and description. ROBINSON Mfg..Co. , 111Vanc e St.,Toledo, O. Mfrs. Turkish Bath Cabinets. 244 West 143d Street New York, N. Y. Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 201 UNDERTAKERS LEGAL DIRECTORY Telephone Columbus 3985 Open All Night This is a ready reference of some of the best lawyers in the country. RODNEY DADE & BROS. If you are a lawyer and your name is Undertakers and Embalmers Notary Public not listed here you should write us at once. Funeral Parlor and Chapel Free. Licensed Lady Embalmer Prompt Service Residence 2546 Michigan Office Phone 266 Weft 6Sd Street New York, N. Y. Bell Phone E-2161 Home 58 Main Between Broadway and 8th Avenue C. H. CALLOWAY Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Notary Public 117 W. 6th Street Kansas City, Mo. A PLACE TO STOP FRANKLIN W. WILLIAMS HOTEL WASHINGTON Attorney and Connselor-at-Law First-class Service for First-class People Notary Public 3252 Wabash Avenue, Real Estate Conveyancer Chicago, Ill. 206 Parrish Street Durham, N. C. J. DOUGLAS WETMORE MOVING Attorney and Counselor-at-Law 5 Beekman Street (Temple Court) Telephone 4214 Greeley New York City Tel. 6222 Cortlandt Cable Address, Judowet BRANIC'S EXPRESS PACKING AND SHIPPING ANDREW J. BRANIC Telephone 5574 Beekman Rooms 905 to 907 Formerly Manager Virginia Transfer Company 469 SEVENTH AVENUE New York City WILFORD H. SMITH Orders by mail or 'phone receive prompt attention Lawyer TRUNKS STORED 25c. PER MONTH 150 Nassau Street New York City Official Expressman for the C. V. B. A. Uptown Office—136 West 136th Street General Practice Notary Public PERSONAL CARDS WILLIAM R. MORRIS Attorney and Counselor-at-Law WIGINGTON & BELL 1020 Metropolitan Life Building Architects Minneapolis, Minn. Karbach Block Omaha, Neb. BROWN S. SMITH Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Offices: Suite 610, Sykes Block. Telephone 5277 Morningside Minneapolis, Minn. DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS Surgeon Dentist GEORGE W. MITCHELL 188 West 135th Street, New York City Attomey-at-Law 908 Walnut Street Telephone 4885 Morningside Philadelphia, Pa. DR. D. W. ONLEY Surgeon Dentist Tel. 2026 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben S. W. Cor. 133d St. and Lenox Ave., New York EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Office Hours: 9 to 12 a. m., 1 to 9 p. m. Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Sundays by Appointment 34 SCHOOL STREET Boston, Mass. H. HENRY HARRIS Telephone Connection W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen Architect HAWKINS & McMECHEN Cor. 8th and Princess Streets Attorneys-at-Law Wilmington, N. C. 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. Mention THE CRISIS. 202 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER MADAME GILCHRIST CORSETS Choosing the corset should be a serious thought with all well-dressed women, and part of this thinking has been done for you by Madame Gilchrist, who is an expert corset fitter and whose thorough knowledge of the human anatomy enables her to give advice wisely as to the correct model of corset to be worn for health and comfort. 576 Main Street East Orange, N. J. Telephone 1439 Flushing JOHN FRANZ VIENNA BAKERY AND LUNCH ROOM 21 Main Street Flushing, N. Y. Telephone 381 Flushing G. ANDERSON CABINET MAKER AND UPHOLSTERER Agent for Ostermoor Mattresses 104 Lincoln Street Flushing, N. Y. C. BAER SHOES FOR THE ENTIRE FAMILY 389 Fulton Street Near Hardenbrook Avenue Jamaica, L. I. JOSEPH F. P. NORRIS ODESSA MILLINERY HARNESS MAKER Exclusive Parisian Creations for the Repairing Promptly Executed Smartly Dressed Woman. Blankets, Whips, Curry Combs, Brushes, Etc. 41 West 135th Street New York 72 Broadway Flushing, N. Y. "Phone 624 Harlem. Long Distance Telephone 62 Flushing ELBERT HALLETT FUNERAL DIRECTOR AND EMBALMER Established I860 161-163 Amity Street Flushing, N. Y. Does Baby Cry? teething babies instantly relieved with No. 4 Special Buggy Koolbite $65.00 A value unequaled. Sold on $1.00 Profit Margin. Write for prices and other styles. Send for catalog. C. R. Patterson & Sons GREENFIELD, OHIO Koolbite is an iced nipple For babies' inflamed gums, the Largest Negro carriage concern in the United States nipple is specially made without an opening to hold the ice water. There is an inner water-tight aluminum container to Telephone 1697 Flushing hold cracked ice or snow and an outer case of Persian Ivory (Choice of white, pink or blue). This is so made that it is a HERMAN WILKENS non-conductor, remaining always at normal temperature. PARQUET FLOORS AND MANTELS The whole toy weighs only 1 1/4 oz. Koolbite will be delivered SCRAPING AND REFINISHING A SPECIALTY free to any address immediately on receipt of $I.00 with our guarantee of SATISFACTION OR MONEY BACK. 100 Broadway Flushing, N. Y. Doctors and Dentists Recommend It JOHN F. RYAN FRED S. CLARK PRESCRIPTION DRUGGIST For pure drugs at fair prices go to Ryan's Drug Store Care The Dunbar Company 51 Main Street Flushing, N. Y. 26 Vesey Street New York Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 203 THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE OFFICES: 26 Vesey Street. New York. Incorporated May 25, 191 1 OFFICERS National President—Mr. Chairman of the Board of Directors— Mass. Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New York. Vice-Presidents— Treasurer—Mr. Walter E. Sachs, New York. Rev. John Haynes Holms.- New York. Director of Publicity and Research— Mr. John E. Milholland, New York. Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, New York. Bishop Alexander Walters, New York. National Organizer—Dr. M. C. B. Mason, Cincinnati. Rev. Garnet R. Waller. Baltimore, Md. Secretary—Miss May Childs Nerney, Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss Mary White Ovington, Brooklyn. N. Assistant Secretary—Miss Martha Gruening, New York. This is the Association which seeks to put into practice the principles which THE CRISIS puts into words. If you believe what we SAY, join this Association and help us to put our words into DEEDS. MEMBERSHIP BLANK I hereby accept membership in the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOB THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. Please find enclosed _ dollars and enter my name as a member in Class paying $... a year, and send me THE CRISIS. Sane. Address.. Class 1. Life Members, paying $600. Class i. Contributing Members, paying $10, Class 2. Donors, paying $100 per year. $5 or $2 per year. Class 3. Sustaining Members, paying $25 Class 5. Associate Members, paying $1 per per year. year. The subscription to THE CRISIS is $1 extra, except to members paying $5 or more, who signify their wish that $1 of their dues be considered a CRISIS subscription. All members in good standing have the privilege of attending and voting at the Annual Conference of the Association. PLEASE MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOE THE ADVANCEMENT OP COLORED PEOPLE, 26 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK CITY. Mention THE CRISIS. 204 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER COLLEGE AND FRATERNITY PINS We are now prepared to supply colleges, fraternal organizations, baseball clubs, athletic associations, etc., with pins and emblems, no matter what shape or design. Send us your idea and let us send you a drawing and a quotation surprisingly small, considering the superior workmanship and quality of materials. Watch fobs, rings, cuff buttons and metal novelties of special design are also produced to your order. Sterling Silver Pins 40 cents up; Gold-filled 60 cents up; Solid Gold $1.10 up THE DUNBAR COMPANY, 26 Vesey Street, New York TELLING A STORY To friends who know you, may be easy, but "putting one over" to strangers is quite different. Telling a busy, business man about your services or your merchandise is still less a "cinch," for he hears the same story every day a dozen or more times. A clever speaker, before a sleepy or hostile audience, puts a good, stiff punch into his very first remark. This "knocks 'em off their feet" and they listen. Your business letters may be good, but if they lack the "punch" they won't "pull." Correct business stationery is the "punch" that hits the busy man "right in the eye" and makes him read your letter. We'll show you the sort of stationery we create, if you write us. We print for Mr. Conde Nast, of Vogue; we print THE CRISIS. ROBERT N. WOOD, Printing and Engraving 202 EAST 99th STREET NEW YORK 'Phone 6667 Lenox Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 205 The Crisis Calendar FOR 1913 Two pretty dark baby faces in colors, and trie celebrated "Credo, by W. E. B. Du Bois, beauti- fully printed, together with a large legible calendar by months. Price 25 cents, postpaid. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Emancipation Jubilee Seals for your letters. Handsomely designed by Richard L. Brown, and done in colors. Price 1 cent each. " Show your belief in freedom on every letter' you write in 1913." A Half Century of Freedom By W. E. B. Du Bois. A four-page pamphlet giving in condensed form a history of the material advancement of the Negro race. Price 2 cents. Emancipation Literature for celebrations, arguments, facts, pictures : Price 5 cents =^=^^^= The Dunbar Company, 26 Vesey St., New York Mention THE CRISIS. 206 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER $ 5 Short Talks on Brings Oliver Advertising and Typewriter Our Advertisers Send $5 for The Oliver Typewriter—the machine will come a-flying. The newest Model—No. 5—the regular $100 machine— It is remarkable to note the growing with no extra charge for Printype. interest of the general reader in advertise For the price of a good fountain pen you ments. Fifteen or twenty years ago the secure the World's Greatest Typewriter. You intelligent reader regarded the average can pay the balance at the rate of 17 cents a advertisement as a joke, because in those day. days the best "stock in trade" of the ad- This irresistible "$5 offer" is sweeping every writer was bombastic or ambiguous state thing before it. The era of universal type ments designed to deceive the public. writing is coming. The triumph of the type writer over primitive pen-and-ink has been Then along came C. H. K. Curtis, of brought about by the same machine that Philadelphia, who cleaned out the columns introduced visible writing. of the Ladies' Home Journal by compelling The his advertisers to stick to the truth in their printed words. Other publishers joined in OLIVER the movement and have succeeded in driving Typewriter the dishonest advertiser from their pages. Of course Dr. Harvey W. Wiley's The Standard Visible Writer struggle against medical frauds and poisoned This is the typewriter whose high efficiency has food, and the government's steady, per made it the choice of the greatest firms and cor porations. It is the simplest of all standard type sistent warfare on investment swindlers writers, yet the swiftest and by far the most were of much assistance to these worthy versatile. The moving parts work freely in a solid publishers. To-day the pages of all metal framework, making the machine so strong that the hardest usage has no effect upon it. respectable publications are closed to the unscrupulous and left to those who have truthful promises and honest values to offer. No Extra Charge for This has inspired confidence between the "Printype" advertiser and the buying public. Most people prefer to have the machine equipped to write in Printype. This beautiful type is obtain When will certain members of the Negro able only on The Oliver Typewriter. It is the greatest style improvement ever evolved press awake to this new condition, clean out for typewriters—the most easily read type in exist their pages and make a united effort to ence—the type which conforms to that in universal secure business from the progressive use on the world's printing presses! advertiser? Win Success with the Oliver! The Oliver Typewriter aids success-seekers in a As I write, there is on my desk a copy multitude of ways. The real-life stories of achieve of a colored paper with a national reputa ment that center around it would fill volumes. tion. In it there is the advertisement of a No matter what your work may be—in office, concern which sells "lucky stones" to give store, shop or home—The Oliver Typewriter will prove itself a great convenience and an actual the purchaser "a certain strange, mysterious money-maker. control over others." It stands for order and system and success. It is the visible evidence of the progressiveness of its Imagine such piffle. owner. Young people with brains, ambition and Oliver Typewriters are succeeding everywhere. Can you afford to let $5 stand between you and success? THE CRISIS is proud of its policy to Send lor Special Circular and Art Catalog exclude the dishonest advertiser from its Full details regarding the columns, and our readers show their appre Oliver Easy-Purchase-Plan, ciation of the manner in which we protect beautiful catalog and a them by giving a good portion of their specimen letter written in Printype will be sent you business to our advertisers. on request. Let this $5 offer awaken To those who are still skeptical of you to your need of The advertisements in general, we solicit their Oliver Typewriter and the ease with which you may interest and confidence in the CRISIS' own it. ADVERTISER, for we will never know Remember—$5 only and on ingly permit them to mislead, defraud or comes The Oliver Typewriter ! Sales Department (206) swindle our readers. The Oliver Typewriter Company 310 Broadway NEW YORK, N. Y. ALBON L. HOLSEY, Advertising Manager Mention THE CRISIS. Music of the Masters We are pleased to announce to the readers of THE CRISIS and our many patrons that we are now able to supply them with all the latest and best musical compositions produced by Negro writers. Many of the tuneful melodies that you hear on the stage in big musical comedies or vaudeville, and afterward hum or whistle, are composed by colored men, and many composers who enjoy national reputations and whose names are familiar to you as song writers are Negroes who for business reasons cannot boast of their racial identity. Whether the wish is for an old plantation melody, a classic number or the latest ragtime, we have it for you and can supply your wants with prompt dispatch. Among the lyric writers and composers whose selections we have are the following : S. Coleridge-Taylor "Bob" Cole Paul Laurence Dunbar Harry T. Burleigh J. Rosamond Johnson Cecil Mack Will Marion Cook Jas. Reese Europe N. Clark Smith Alex. Rogers "Chris." Smith Wm. H. Tyers Twenty-four Negro Melodies Negro Minstrel Melodies Transcribed for the piano by S. COLERIDGE-TAYLOR Edited by Introduction by BOOKER T. WASHINGTON HARRY T. BURLEIGH In selecting his themes from the native songs of Africa, the West This book is a collection of twenty- Indies and the American Negro during five Negro folk songs with piano slavery days, Mr. Coleridge-Taylor has accompaniment. preserved their distinctive traits and individuality, while giving them a Mr. Burleigh has spent much time and patient study in assembling this charming depth and spontaneity of collection of entertaining and educa feeling which places them alongside tional selections. To the lover of the compositions of Liszt and Dvorak music for its own sake this volume as masterly transcriptions of folk will especially appeal. music. Paper binding $1.50 postpaid Price 50c, postpaid Cloth binding 2.50 postpaid EXHORTATION. BROWN-SKIN BABY MINE. Rogers and Cook $0.60 Cook and Mack 60 (High in D minor; low in A (Medium) minor) SWING ALONG. DOWN DE LOVERS' LANE. Will Marion Cook.. 60 Dunbar and Cook 60 (High in F; medium in Ε (High) flat) WID DE MOON, MOON, MOON. RAIN SONG. Moore and Cook 60 Rogers and Cook 60 (High in F; low in D) (For high voice) Write us for any information regarding the productions of these or any other composers. THE DUNBAR CO., 26 Vesey St., New York Mention THE CRISIS. STAGE FAVORITES Miss DORA DEAN, of Johnson & Dean Now starring in vaudeville with her own company Miss Dean says of our face powder : " It s as good as the best. Whether the complexion is cream, olive or brown, we have a tint to match it. Price 50 cents per Crisis-Maid box. Send 2-eent stamp and name of druggist Perfect Face Powder for sample. THE DUNBAR CO., 26 Vesey St., New York Mention THE CRISIS.