CASE STUDY 1 ATLAS has assembled 12 cross-cutting case studies to provide the CASE STUDY 7 first coherent, integrated basin-scale assessment of Atlantic deep-water LoVe Observatory (Norway) ecosystems and their Blue Growth potential. These all lie along critical Gulf of Cádiz, Strait of Gibraltar, COLLABORATORS: NIOZ*, Statoil, UEDIN paths of major Atlantic current patterns, with some case study areas Alborán Sea ( – Portugal) Focus ecosystems: Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs, currently proposed or classified as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) COLLABORATORS: IEO, Ifremer, IMAR-UAz sponges or Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs). The case studies Focus ecosystems: CWC reefs, coral gardens, Due to its narrow continental shelf, this area is described give the biogeographic, regulatory and jurisdictional range needed to meet sponge grounds as the gateway to the Barents Sea. It is an important The interconnection and interdependency of many habitat and spawning ground for key species such as ATLAS’ objectives. deep-sea species found in both the Atlantic Ocean Northeast Atlantic cod and the cold-water coral Lophelia and the Mediterranean is unknown. Focus on Atlantic- pertusa, which forms substantial framework reefs in The reef building deep Mediterranean biodiversity and connectivity will address Sponges of the species this area. water coral Lophelia the role of these waters in supporting intensive human Pheronema carpenteri pertusa ©Solvin Zankl, ©IEO-MEDWAVES/ATLAS GEOMAR activity. ATLAS CASE STUDY 2 BLUE CASE STUDY 8 Azores (Portugal) Faroe-Shetland Channel (UK) GROWTH BLUE 1 COLLABORATORS: UEDIN*, BP, OGUK , MSS SECTORS FISHERIES OIL & GAS BIOTECHNOLOGY SEA MINING TOURISM COLLABORATORS: IMAR-UAz, IEO Focus ecosystems: Sponge grounds Focus ecosystems: Hydrothermal vents, seamounts, coral gardens, sponge grounds This area’s seafloor morphology leads to different benthic 19 communities: stalked sponges occupy deep-water sandy The seafloor of this volcanic archipelago comprises sediments, brittle star beds are found on gravel, sponges 1 various open ocean deep-sea habitats, from seamounts and soft corals colonise mixed gravel-cobble-boulder to hydrothermal vents and abyssal plains. Prominent cold- bottoms, and well-developed communities inhabit coarse water corals support commercially important fishes, while Menez Gwen hydrothermal sediments. A distinct sponge belt occurs between depths Giant carnivorous club 10 little is known about the extensive sponge aggregations. vent field, Azores sponge (Chondrocladia These Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems are included in the of 400–600 m. ©DEEPFUN project (PTDC/ sp.) ©SERPENT project 1Oil & Gas UK OSPAR network of Marine Protected Areas. MAR/111749/2009, FCOMP-01- 0124-FEDER-015402)

CASE STUDY 3 CASE STUDY 9 Rockall Bank (UK – Ireland) Reykjanes Ridge (Iceland) 9 COLLABORATORS: MSS, IEO, UOX COLLABORATORS: UCD 2 Focus ecosystems: CWC reefs, coral gardens, Focus ecosystems: Hydrothermal vents, CWC carbonate mounds, sponge grounds, cold seeps reefs, coral gardens, sponge grounds Enhanced oceanographic circulation around the Rockall Our understanding of the effects of ridges on the Bank may give rise to highly localised and specialised composition and distribution of pelagic and benthic fauna biological communities such as sponge aggregations, is limited. Ridge communities may be endemic to that area 8 coral reefs and gardens. Large and productive fish stocks 3 4 and may also influence the processes affecting the slope 20 are supported, some of which may be endemic. It has been 2 and shelf biota. Coral and sponge gardens are associated proposed as an Ecologically or Biologically Significant Blackbelly rosefish 1 5 12 CWC garden ©MARUM (Helicolenus dactylopterus) 18 with V-shaped ridges in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean and can – Center for Marine Area under the Convention on Biological Diversity. ©J Murray Roberts be found on both sides of the Reykjanes Ridge. Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen

14 17 16 9 24 11 6 13 15 11 10 21 CASE STUDY 4 5 CASE STUDY 10 Mingulay Reef Complex (UK) Davis Strait (Canada and Greenland), 7 Labrador Sea COLLABORATORS: UEDIN, MSS 7 11 COLLABORATOR: DFO Focus ecosystems: CWC reefs 6 Focus ecosystems: CWC reefs, coral gardens, This rare inshore ecosystem at 100-200 m depth has 25 sponge grounds distinctive mounds formed by the stony coral L. pertusa 7 over the last 7,000 years. It is an ideal site to study the 22 The Davis Strait is known for its complex hydrography. A vulnerability of cold-water corals to ocean warming and 22 ridge along the Labrador Sea slopes to 2,500 m, supporting acidification. Sharks use the reefs for egg-laying and corals and sponges, including the only known L. pertusa Pandalid shrimp (Pandalina 22 reef in Greenlandic waters. These waters support high Diverse assemblage of resting. It is part of a Special Area of Conservation under brevirostris) ©Henry et al. corals, sponges and other 22 the European Commission’s Birds and Habitats Directive. 2013, doi:10.5194/bg-10- phytoplankton biomass and copepod grazers, a valuable benthic fauna in Davis 2737-2013 8 food source in the pelagic and the benthic environment. Strait off Greenland ©DFO 3 4 22 12 7

23 CASE STUDY 5 CASE STUDY 11 Porcupine Seabight (Ireland) LEGEND Flemish Cap (Canada) OSPAR ABNJ MPAs** COLLABORATORS: IEO, DFO, UOX, NAFO2 COLLABORATORS: NUIG, Woodside 22 Focus ecosystems: CWC reefs, coral gardens, EBSAs Focus ecosystems: Coral gardens, sponge grounds carbonate mounds, sponge grounds VMEs (Closed Areas) Flemish Cap is an offshore Bank located in an Area Beyond The intensely researched cold-water corals in this area National Jurisdiction within the Northwest Atlantic form part of the Belgica Mound province, a Special Area Deep-Sea Mining (Russia) Fisheries Organisation regulatory area. The main focal ecosystems are sponge grounds and cold-water corals, of Conservation. With different stakeholders involved Deep-Sea Mining () in fishing, telecommunications, oil and gas exploration, and include important international fishing grounds. 2Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation research and conservation, this area is ideal to develop Deep-sea corals ©AWI Deep-sea starfish maritime spatial planning approaches. and Ifremer ATLAS Partners N ©NEREIDA project ATLAS case studies **Data source: OSPAR Commission ABNJ: Area Beyond National Jurisdiction; EBSAs: Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas; MPA: Marine Protected Area; VMEs: Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems CASE STUDY 6 CASE STUDY 12 ATLAS PARTNERS: Bay of Biscay (France) Mid Atlantic Canyons 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH (UEDIN) 9. UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN (UniHB) 17. UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL (ULIV) COLLABORATOR: Ifremer COLLABORATORS: UNCW, TU3, NOAA4 2. AARHUS UNIVERSITY (AU) 10. IODINE (IODINE) 18. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK (USD) Focus ecosystems: CWC on slope and in canyon Focus ecosystems: CWC reefs on slope and in 3. IMAR – INSTITUTO DO MAR (IMAR-UAz) 11.  ROYAL INSTITUTE FOR SEA 19. THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY (UiT) settings canyon settings 4.  SECRETÁRIA REGIONAL DO MAR, CIÊNCIA E RESEARCH (NIOZ) 20.  THE SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION FOR MARINE Recent studies have confirmed the occurrence of The oceanography and geology of the sub-marine TECNOLOGIA (DRAM) 12. DYNAMIC EARTH (DE) SCIENCE (SAMS) coldwater coral habitats in this Bay. The genetic Baltimore and Norfolk canyons greatly influence continuum of coral reef populations between Iceland and 5. BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (BGS/NERC) 13. OXFORD UNIVERSITY (UOX) 21. SEASCAPE CONSULTANTS (SC) the benthic community. Methane-seeps support the Mediterranean Sea shows L. pertusa have genetically 6. GIANNI CONSULTANCY (GC) 14. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN (UCD) 22. INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFÍA (IEO) chemosynthetic communities and many diverse organisms. Small coral reefs 1,545 m homogeneous populations, whereas Madrepora oculata, 23.  UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA Vulnerable habitats in the Middle Atlantic Bight canyons also called zigzag coral, are genetically distinct. A Natura deep in the Lampaul 7.  INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR 15. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE (UCL) and surroundings have been given protected area status. Bubblegum coral, canyon ©Ifremer, WILMINGTON (UNCW) Paragorgia arborea L’EXPLOITATION DE LA MER (Ifremer) 3Temple University, 4National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2000 network has been proposed for reefs in this area. campagne BobEco 2011 16.  NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, ©Steve Ross 8. MARINE SCOTLAND SCIENCE (MSS) GALWAY (NUIG) 24. AquaTT UETP CLG (AQUATT) 25. FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA (DFO) *Underlined collaborators are leading the investigation

Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen of University Sciences, Environmental St. George’s, July 2016 ©DFO 2016 July George’s, St.

being prepared on the DFO cruise ©DFO cruise DFO the on prepared being

Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) BY-SA (CC Commons Wikimedia

arrives in Bermuda; The CCGS Hudson docked in in docked Hudson CCGS The Bermuda; in arrives ATLAS Coral garden in the Azores ©Gavin Newman, Greenpeace Newman, ©Gavin Azores the in garden Coral Marine for Center – ©MARUM floor deep-sea diverse Biologically 2012) Expedition Oceans (Changing Roberts ©JM sampling Deep-water apparatus sampling water (CTD) Depth and Temperate Conductivity, Middelgrunden offshore wind farm, Øresund, Denmark ©Arnoldius via via ©Arnoldius Denmark Øresund, farm, wind offshore Middelgrunden

Protected Area network Area Protected dispersal particle and masses water of mixing vertical

the future development of an Atlantic-wide Marine Marine Atlantic-wide an of development future the and circulation horizontal basin-scale of  Quantification •

services

Area and assignment of conservation categories for for categories conservation of assignment and Area

more cost-effective manner cost-effective more

regional ecological systems systems ecological regional

of monetary values in relation to deep-sea ecosystem ecosystem deep-sea to relation in values monetary of

constitute an Ecologically or Biologically Significant Significant Biologically or Ecologically an constitute

Statement/Assessment) compliance is achieved in a a in achieved is compliance Statement/Assessment)

responsible for coordinated change in and between between and in change coordinated for responsible

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Identification of areas in the North Atlantic that may may that Atlantic North the in areas of  Identification •

to ensure industry EIS/EIA (Environmental Impact Impact (Environmental EIS/EIA industry ensure to in physical quantities and common forcing factors factors forcing common and quantities physical in

A framework for joint public/industry data collection collection data public/industry joint for framework  A • services diverse its and deep-sea the

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plan for the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic the for plan

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Ecosystems and Ecologically or Biologically Significant Significant Biologically or Ecologically and Ecosystems Framework Directive to measure Good Environmental Environmental Good measure to Directive Framework

Strategy

models that can be used in the design of a management management a of design the in used be can that models of ecosystem vitality ecosystem of

spatial planning options to manage Vulnerable Marine Marine Vulnerable manage to options planning spatial Biodiversity assessments for the Marine Strategy Strategy Marine the for assessments  Biodiversity •

and impact assessment in support of the Atlantic Atlantic the of support in assessment impact and deep-sea

Integration of acquired knowledge into predictive predictive into knowledge acquired of  Integration • Identification of critical environmental tipping points points tipping environmental critical of  Identification •

the implications of resource exploitation and other other and exploitation resource of implications the

classification, ecosystem goods and services valuation, valuation, services and goods ecosystem classification, Atlantic the in impacts human of result a as services

monitoring and screening deep-sea biodiversity deep-sea screening and monitoring

sponge grounds and coral reefs coral and grounds sponge with spatial management. The aim is to project project to is aim The management. spatial with relate fluxes to AMOC and gyre dynamics gyre and AMOC to fluxes relate

Harmonised approaches to mapping, habitat habitat mapping, to approaches  Harmonised • ecosystem to relation in risks of assessment  Expert •

Validation of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for for methods (eDNA) DNA environmental of  Validation •

A quantitative understanding of the metabolic rates of of rates metabolic the of understanding quantitative  A • with boundary conditions in the North Atlantic Atlantic North the in conditions boundary with fluxes across key regions of the North Atlantic that that Atlantic North the of regions key across fluxes

ATLAS different governance regimes across the Atlantic basin Atlantic the across regimes governance different areas study case

framework that integrates meta-population genomics genomics meta-population integrates that framework of species distribution and habitat suitability habitat and distribution species of ecosystem-relevant of measurements annual to  Daily •

coral reefs in the Atlantic the in reefs coral

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Establishment of a new adaptive management management adaptive new a of  Establishment • Seabed (GOODS) decision-support tool, and modelling modelling and tool, decision-support (GOODS) Seabed

KEY EXPECTED RESULTS EXPECTED KEY

delivery pathways to sponge grounds and cold-water cold-water and grounds sponge to pathways delivery

Refinement of the Global Open Oceans and Deep Deep and Oceans Open Global the of  Refinement • KEY EXPECTED RESULTS EXPECTED KEY RESULTS EXPECTED KEY

In-depth understanding of the food sources and food food and sources food the of understanding  In-depth • have degraded exploited fish meta-populations fish exploited degraded have

KEY EXPECTED RESULTS EXPECTED KEY

Understanding of whether fisheries and habitat loss loss habitat and fisheries whether of  Understanding •

KEY EXPECTED RESULTS EXPECTED KEY

connectivity. connectivity. ATLAS within within balanced. and evaluated be .

impact ecosystem functioning, biodiversity and genetic genetic and biodiversity functioning, ecosystem impact adaptive Atlantic Marine Strategic Planning approach approach Planning Strategic Marine Atlantic adaptive can scenarios conservation and Growth Blue which upon taxa and deep-sea fish species fish deep-sea and taxa

environment. turn in will this how and (AMOC) Circulation Overturning ATLAS Managed Areas framework is being used to develop an an develop to used being is framework Areas Managed foundations firm establish to allows cultural) and

populations of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem indicator indicator Ecosystem Marine Vulnerable of populations deep ocean resource exploitation. resource ocean deep

opportunities along with the protection of the marine marine the of protection the with along opportunities Meridional Atlantic the affect will it how understand to Blue Growth. The Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatially Spatially of Evaluation and Monitoring The Growth. Blue regulating, provisioning, (supporting, society to provides

Identification of key areas that maintain meta- maintain that areas key of  Identification • in a future of rapidly changing climate, carbon flux and and flux carbon climate, changing rapidly of future a in

the evidence base for unlocking sustainable Blue Growth Growth Blue sustainable unlocking for base evidence the need we changes, climate Earth’s the As basin. Atlantic various scenarios of ocean dynamics and cross-sectoral cross-sectoral and dynamics ocean of scenarios various area Atlantic the services ecosystem many the Assessing

KEY EXPECTED RESULTS EXPECTED KEY also allow us to predict how these ecosystems will adapt adapt will ecosystems these how predict to us allow also

under future climate change scenarios will strengthen strengthen will scenarios change climate future under the across energy and salt, heat, of quantities vast move scales allow stakeholders to explore, and respond to, to, respond and explore, to stakeholders allow scales services. their and ecosystems these involving actions

at management relevant spatial scales. The models will will models The scales. spatial relevant management at

Forecasting changes to these ecosystems and species species and ecosystems these to changes Forecasting but ecosystems, deep-sea connect only not currents integrated spatial planning products on basin and regional regional and basin on products planning spatial integrated or policies, programmes, for priorities set and justify

climate change and human activities. human and change climate Atlantic ecosystems, their species and how they function function they how and species their ecosystems, Atlantic

patterns of sensitive deep-water ecosystems and species. species. and ecosystems deep-water sensitive of patterns Ocean Atlantic The Atlantic. the in circulation ocean of such open spaces is more important than ever. Fully Fully ever. than important more is spaces open such to help can values These services. its or ecosystem an

ATLAS understand their vulnerability to to vulnerability their understand help will levels

providing ground-breaking new predictive models to map map to models predictive new ground-breaking providing

ATLAS ATLAS is studying the biodiversity and biogeographic biogeographic and biodiversity the studying is understanding our improving is of foundation The

occurring on the high seas, managing and planning across across planning and managing seas, high the on occurring from obtain humans benefits the to value economic an

resources are connected on regional and basin scale scale basin and regional on connected are resources ATLAS ATLAS is therefore therefore is project. the of goal major a

With the increasing number of stakeholders and activities activities and stakeholders of number increasing the With assigning of practice the is valuation service Ecosystem

areas of marine genetic resources. Exploring how these these how Exploring resources. genetic marine of areas Understanding how ecosystems function and interact is is interact and function ecosystems how Understanding – Centre of the University of the Azores) Azores) the of University the of Centre – Science) Marine for Association

ATLAS is providing new models to identify critical source source critical identify to models new providing is

Lead: Lead: Mar do (Instituto Morato Telmo Scottish (The Cunningham Stuart

Ireland, Galway) Galway) Ireland, Norway)

Institute for Sea Research) Sea for Institute

Lead: Lead: Lead: Anthony Grehan (National University of of University (National Grehan Anthony of University Arctic (The Armstrong Claire (Ifremer) Arnaud-Haond Sophie

BIOGEOGRAPHY RESPONSE ECOSYSTEM Lead: Netherlands (Royal Oevelen van Dick

6. MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING PLANNING SPATIAL MARITIME 6. SERVICES ECOSYSTEM  VALUING 5. RESOURCES CONNECTED 4.

3. BIODIVERSITY AND AND BIODIVERSITY 3. ECOSYSTEMS FUNCTIONAL 2. DRIVING DYNAMICS OCEAN 1.

7. POLICY INTEGRATION TO 8. OPEN SCIENCE RESOURCES 9. DISSEMINATION, KNOWLEDGE 10. MANAGEMENT AND ATLAS strives to improve our understanding of complex deep-sea ecosystems and their associated species, including INFORM KEY AGREEMENTS FOR STAKEHOLDERS TRANSFER AND OUTREACH COORDINATION those that are new to science. Researchers are looking to Lead: David Johnson (Seascape Consultants) Lead: Stéphane Pesant (University of Bremen) Lead: David Murphy (AquaTT) Lead: J Murray Roberts (The University of predict future changes to these ecosystems and species and their vulnerabilities in the face of climate change. Edinburgh) Managing cross-cutting issues in policy making requires Making research results more accessible contributes An important aspect of any research project is ensuring As well as carrying out pioneering research and discovery, the integration of scientific evidence into effective policy. to better and more efficient science, and to innovation that the results are used by targeted stakeholders, The ATLAS Project Office handles the administrative, ATLAS will develop a scientific knowledge base that can Translating ATLAS' scientific findings to policy and in the public and private sectors. ATLAS is embracing achieving measurable impact. ATLAS will effectively legal and financial aspects of the ATLAS project. It inform the development of international policies to ensure practice will ultimately inform national and international a fully open access model by participating in Europe’s communicate its research findings to all relevant monitors and manages the 10 work packages, 12 case deep-sea Atlantic resources are managed effectively. This agreements regarding Blue Growth and systematic open research data pilot. This will allow scientific data stakeholders, including science, industry, policy and the studies, data handling and any ethical matters which may will contribute to the European Commission’s long-term “As the birthplace of deep- conservation planning. Such agreements spanning areas and journal publications reporting on ATLAS Atlantic public. This will ensure the knowledge generated through arise to ensure the project is successful. “Blue Growth” strategy to support sustainable growth in across and outside of national jurisdictions are key to ecosystem-based research to be discovered and reused ATLAS can be successfully applied and exploited. As the marine and maritime sectors as a whole. sea biology and the cradle sustaining and managing marine resources effectively by other scientists, policy-makers and industry communication with the public and awareness raising are ADVISORY BOARD of oceanography, the North and in an equitable manner. stakeholders. important goals of ATLAS, a suite of outreach activities The Advisory Board provides expert advice to the EXPECTED IMPACTS Atlantic is the place we should and products will be developed and communicated. Steering Committee (i.e. the lead scientists for work know best, but only in the last KEY EXPECTED RESULTS KEY EXPECTED RESULTS • Inform ocean management and governance to preserve packages 1-10 and the case study coordinator) to guide 20 years have we uncovered KEY EXPECTED RESULTS marine resources and unlock their potential for the • Suggested priorities for future evaluation of Atlantic • Engagement of ATLAS partners in Horizon 2020’s Open and inform their decisions to further the project and to sustainable production of new products and industrial how varied and vulnerable its Area-Based Marine Management Tools Research Data Pilot • Communication of the project and its objectives, highlight opportunities to engage with policy makers, applications deep-sea habitats really are.” partners, activities and results through: the website, the business community and other stakeholders. The • Input to a new legally binding instrument for the • A collection of outputs from thematically similar • Improve cooperation among EU Member States and social media, brochures, newsletters, videos and more Board consists of experts in the fields of oil and gas, JM Roberts, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond research initiatives; available through open access international partner countries with respect to Atlantic blue biotechnology, fisheries and marine conservation, ATLAS Coordinator national jurisdiction where possible • Transfer of the knowledge gained throughout the ecosystem-based research and is chaired by Dr Jake Rice, Scientist Emeritus of ATLAS project to science, industry, policy and the public • Recommendations for the implementation of the Marine • Synthesis of open access ATLAS research outputs cross- the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans and • Contribute to the implementation of EU Maritime Strategy Framework Directive, the Common Fisheries linked to OpenAIRE • New, exciting and dynamic resources such as exhibitions a leading authority on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Policies and the Galway Statement on Atlantic Ocean Policy and Marine Spatial Planning and an educational and outreach programme and Ecologically or Biologically Significant Area policy Cooperation • Transfer of ATLAS research outputs to the European development. • Contribute to the implementation of international • Contributions to the regulation of deep-sea fisheries Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) • An update of the Oceans gallery at Dynamic Earth agreements to conserve Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems, with new displays that provide insight into the Atlantic

• Integration of findings to implement the Sustainable • Recommendations on how to improve delivery of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas and High Image ©DFO deep-water environment and the ATLAS project Development Goals, specifically SDG 14 research outputs to EMODnet and other major platforms Seas Marine Protected Areas • Raise awareness of the Atlantic ecosystem and the impact of humans on this environment, advocating “Ocean Literacy” to make citizens aware of the importance of the oceans and how they can help protect them

FIND OUT MORE: CONTACT US: www.eu-atlas.org [email protected] @eu_ATLAS PROJECT COORDINATOR: J Murray Roberts THE ATLAS PROJECT WILL PROVIDE @EuATLAS [email protected] THE FIRST COHERENT, INTEGRATED ATLAS – Deep COMMUNICATION & PRESS: BASIN-SCALE ASSESSMENT OF Discoveries [email protected] ATLANTIC DEEP-WATER ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR BLUE GROWTH POTENTIAL

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant www.eu-atlas.org Agreement no. 678760 (ATLAS). This output reflects only the author’s view and the European Union cannot be held responsible Designed and Developed by AquaTT by Designed and Developed ATLAS members in for the project's first Science Policy Panel Open data, open science, open world ©Stock image Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh, Scotland ©Dynamic Earth First ATLAS General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland ©Alex Ingle for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. at the European Parliament ©ATLAS