111 10 I I I I New Series Vol. XXXV No. 6 • Whole Series Vol. LXV No. 2 • February, 1975

3 Mission Memo 7 Editorials 8 Slow Change in Shreveport Connie Myer 14 World Hunger and Food 15 Of Poverty, Proteins and Profits Laurence Simon 19 Nine Months Plus Infinity Equals Now Carolyn D. Mc lntyre 22 A Rural Repair Center in Bangladesh 24 Angola 1961 Remembered Malcolm McVeigh 28 Why An Ounce of Prevention Is Hard to Administer Duvon Co rbitt is interviewed by Ell en Clark 32 Short-Term Volunteers 32 Do's and Don'ts for Volunteer Teams Mary Sue and David Lowry 33 Home Building in Wisconsin Dick Cash 35 An Oregon Doctor in Liberia Ol ga Freeman 37 An Eye Clinic in Haiti Hal H. Crosswell, Jr. 38 A Conference Team in Costa Rica J. N. Howard 40 Vaccinations in Bolivia Roy H. May, Jr. 42 Letters from Overseas 43 Books and Films 44 Letters 45 The Moving Finger Writes

COVER South Carolina Sho rt-Term Volunteers work w ith Haitians in Bu il d ing a C li nic, Jerem ie, Hait i Needham R. W illia mson Photograph

Editor, Arthur J. Moore, Jr.; Managing Editor, Charles E. Brewster Associate Editor, Ellen Clark; Art Director, Roger C. Sadler Designer, Karen Tureck; Administrative Assistant, Florence J. Mitchell

47 S Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 Published Monthly (bimonthly, July-August) by the Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church, Education and Cultivation Division, in association with the United Presby­ terian Church, USA.

Second-class Mail Privileges Authorized at New York, N.Y. Additional Entry at Nashville, Tennessee. Copyright 1975 by Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church. No part of New World Outlook may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Editors. Printed in U.S.A

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PHOTO CREDITS Pat Broughton; Pp. 35. 36, V. N. Freeman; Pp. 37, 38, Hal H Crosswell, Jr; P. 39, J 17, 18, 20, RNS; P. 23 , UMCOR ; Pp. 24, 26, 27, Malcolm McVe1gh ; Pp. 25. 26, Charles E. Brewster; Pp. 28, 29, 30, 31 , Toge Fu11hira , from United Methodist Missions, Pp. 33, 34, Pat Broughton ; Pp. 35, 36, V. N. Freeman ; Pp. 37, 38, Hal H. Crosswel, Jr ; P. 39, J Howard; Pp. 40, 41 , Roy H. May, Jr. NISSIOMNENO News and Analysis of Developments in Christian Mission

February, 1975

Chile. A declaration by 32 Chilean Protestants supporting the rul i ng military junta has puzzled UM World Division officials. One of the signers is Chilean Meth­ odist Bishop Juan Vasquez, who previously had indicated some mild criticism of the junta's repression of dissent. The declaration praised the military regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet and criticized the administration of the late President Salvador Allende Gossens. It also denounced the United Nations for its attacks on the junta's denial of human rights in Chile.

Deaths. Dr. Henry Smith Leiper, one of the nation ' s ecumenical pioneers, died in Heightstown, New Jersey on January 22 at the age of 83. He had played a key role in the formation of the World Council of Churches, which he served as associate general secretary from 1938 to 1952, when he became executive director of the form­ er Congregational Christian Church's Mission Council .... Dr. Harold A. Bosley, who retired last June as senior pastor of Christ Olurch, United Methodist, on New York ' s Park Avenue, died on January 20 at the age of 67. A native of Nebraska, he was a founder of the Appeal of Conscience Foundation to help Soviet Jews and wrote 17 books.

Korea. The UM World Division has temporar ily frozen funds to the Korean Methodist Church because of a split in the denomination i n Korea. The "moratorium" was rec­ ommended by missionaries in South Korea until the board can determine wh at course of action to take. In mid-December some 40 to 50 delegates walked out of a session of the Korean Methodist General Conference at which a bishop was to be elected; the dissidents organized the Renewed Korean Methodist Church and elected their own bishop. Dr. Lois Miller, head of the Wo rld Division , said it is difficult to "make too many assumptions" about the cause of the split. She did not thi nk the walkout was directly related to disagreements on attitudes toward the South Korean govern­ ment. Before the schism, the Methodist Church of Korea, with more than 300,000 members, was one of the two largest Protestant denominations in the country. The moratorium on funds to the church will not affect support of the 30 United Methodist missionaries. Dr. Miller and Dr. Edwin Fisher will visit Korea in February.

Relief. The Rev. Paul McCleary, a staff executive of the United Methodist Board of Global Ministries and a former missionary to Latin America, has been nominated to head Church World Service, the relief agency of the National Council of Churches . He will fill the vacancy created last summer by the much-publicized termination of James MacCracken. The soft-spoken McCleary appears to be acceptable to both sides of the "relief vs. development" dispute which surfaced with the termination of Ii MacCracken.

I

I Rus sians Are Comi ng. Twenty Soviet churchmen will arrive in the U.S. on February 16 for a three-week 11 exchange 11 visit sponsored by the National Council of Churches . The group will include Russian Orthodox, Georgian Orthodox, Armenian, Lutheran, Bapt ist and Roman Cat hol ic delegates. The entire delegation will visit New York, Wash ingto n, Princeton, N. J . and Chicago, but smaller groups will go to Boston, Atlanta, Mimmeapol is, Indianapolis, Columbus, Allentown (Pa.), Elgin (Ill.), Dubuque , and Ri chmond, Ind iana. Last summer a group of twenty Americans, Protestant and Ort hodox, visited t he Soviet Union. Patriarch Pimen, head of the Orthodox Church of Russia , will not be in the delegation to the U.S.

Ango l a. An agreement formally recognizing the sovereignty of one of Africa's biggest and wealthiest countries was signed January 15 by representatives of Portu­ gal and three rival Angolan liberation movements (see editorials). Independence is sl ated fo r next November. A 35 -year-old "missionary agreement" between Lisbon and the Vatican, which gives a privileged position to the Angolan Catholic Church, is expected to come under review now that Angola's independence is in sight. The United Methodist Church of Angola has asked that the missionary accord be scrapped because it has "impeded the growth of Protestantism in Angola . 11

Hunger . Hundreds of millions of people are "painfully hungry" because "many of the world's governments are more prepared to destroy human life than to develop and sus­ tain it, 11 according to a recent statement signed by UM Bishop A. James Armstrong, and four other religious leaders. The statement says "disarmament may ultimately be t he pre-condition of human survival 11 and lists what it calls nine "linkages be­ tween di sarmament and hunger": costs, nuclear proliferation, energy, raw materials, defoliation , fall-out, shelter stocks, economics of conversion, and the arms trade. The statement notes that governments are currently spending at least $250 billion a year for military purposes; projected U.S. food aid of a possible $1 .4 billion is still less than the cost of one Trident submarine .... In other action on Hunger, l eaders of the Disciples Peace Fellowship of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) wil l observe 40 meatless days in 1975 and funds saved will be given to Bread for the World, a church based movement, or to their annual re l ief offering .... In a January 27th telegram to the White House, Bishop Paul A. Washburn and Dr. Tracey K. Jones, Jr. , president and general secretary of the UM Board of Global Ministries, called on President Ford to "release two million tons of grain as soon as possible to needy nations" and to "meet with national church leaders to discuss urgent famine conditions in developing nations. 11

Deported . Dr. J. Mo rgan Johnson, an educator, and Dr. Rosalie Johnson, a physi­ can, are the third United Methodist missionary couple in less than two years to be ordered out of Rhodesia by the government; they were given 30 days to leave. He was accused of subversion by the government last August, based on an unpublished cartoon protesting white treatment of blacks in resettlement camps, but the charge was wi t hdrawn i n October . At the time of the expulsion order, the couple had not taken a furlough in 10 years.

Women. In early January between 150 and 200 United Methodist women ministers met i n Nashvi lle and called on the denomination, especially the bishops, to recognize and sup po rt the 11 Episcopal women whose ordinations to the priesthood were ruled invalid by the Episcopal heirarchy . Recent reports reveal that there are almost 700 women enrolled in the 13 United Method i st seminaries, giving the denomination more women preparing for professional ministry than all other Churches combined.

Refu ees. The UM Board of Global Ministries' National Division has allocated 15,000 toward meeting 11 pressi~g needs 11 of l ,000 Haitian refugees in south Florida who have been fleeing the dictatorial regime of President Jean-Claude Duvalier. Part of the money will pay legal fees for the Haitians, many of whom have been im­ prisoned by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as illegal immigrants. About 600 Haitians have applied for political asylum, but only five have been granted official refugee status. The Division noted that American treatment of black Haitians fleeing a right-wing dictatorship differs 11 from the way we welcomed predominantly white refugees from Communist Cuba . 11 Church groups in the Miami area have provided virtually all food and housing for the Haitians.

Staff. The Rev. Norman E. Dewire, 38, who is currently executive director of the interchurch Joint Strategy and Action Committee, has been nominated as general secretary of the General Council on Ministries (GCOM), which has offices in Dayton.

Giving. Complete records for benevolence giving in the United Methodist Church for 1974 are now in and show that giving to general church causes increased by 12.19 percent over 1973, totalling $55.4 million. Largest single item was $21 ,685,453 for World Service, up 2.62 percent above a year ago. That represented 92.28 percent of the annual goal of $23.5 million, the highest percentage since 1968, when the UM Church was formed. Greatest decrease was 11 .8 percent in the Human Relations Day offering . Giving for Advance Specials totaled $11 ,920,431. Largest single gain was 57.02 percent in Advance Special appeal for the UM Commit­ tee on Relief . Treasurer R. Bryan Brawner said the explanation 11 for this fine record on the part of United Methodists is in their attitude toward the church and its mission, not in economics. 11 Giving for the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and the Presbyterian Church, U.S. was also reported up; final reports on the United Presbyterian Church, USA were not available at press time.

Namibia. Four out of five oil companies engaged in exploration in Namibia (South­ west Africa) are withdrawing from that territory. They have been undergoing stock­ holder challenges by a coalition of U.S. church groups protesting the illegal administration of the predominantly Black t~rritory by the white minority government of South Africa. Phillips Petroleum and Getty Oil are the latest companies to withdraw; they have been engaged in offshore drilling. Phillips' said it was with­ drawing over the question of sovereignty in Namibia and that church pressure was only one factor in its decision.

Italy. Some dissent over the 1975 Holy Year proclaimed by Pope Paul VI has emerged in Italy. Seven Roman Catholic priests serving congregations in the slums of Rome issued a letter stating that 11 the Holy Year is not a magic act in which one passes through a door of the Roman Basilica. There is no reconciliation without justice in your own country, in your own neighborhood. The indiscriminate invita­ tion to come to Rome is a trap. 11 Meanwhile the tiny Protestant churches in Italy have expres sed some misg 1v1 ngs. The periodicals of the Waldens ian and Methodist Churches hav e merged into one newspaper, La Luce, with a Wa l densian pastor as ed­ itor. In its first issue, it published a-S-tatement by the governing bodies of the two churches urging its member s not to take part in any Holy Year functions . A Ban gladesh. Three divi sion s of BOGM have joined in an urgent, ecumenical call for On 40 doctors to combat a smal lpo x ep idemic in Bangladesh. Doctors must be willing to Portul serve a minimum of 90 days i n that country and work under the auspices of the World mol'eI m~ly Heal t h Organ i zation. Interested physicians should contact Dr. Michael Lane, direc­ Angol tor of the Burea u of Small pox Eradication, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, ~ove1 Geo rgi a--tel ephone (404) 633-3311, extension 3466. The World, Health and Welfare Moza and UMCO R Divis ions al so said the search for doctors would go on within church uled medical chann el s. Portu mer. If ayea Yout h. The newly established Youth/Young Adult Task Force of the Board of Global been Mini stries met in Los Angeles in late January and agreed to develop a theology of had mi ssion from a youth perspective and to prepare a list of resources, such as schol­ min a arships ava i lable to youth, and a list of persqns for wider service in the church. territi them They el ected associate chairpersons LaVeeda Morgan and Evangelina Galvan . inves trairu !or Rhodes ia. The U.S. House of Representatives did not act in the last session on a Artio Senate-passed bill to repeal the Byrd amendment, which has permitted the U.S. to zines viso , import Rhodesian chrome despite U.N. sanctions on trade with Rhodesia. In New York 'seai recent ly Mr s. Jane Ngwenya, who has spent more than nine years in prison in Rhodesia plo~ for her po lit ical activities, urged continued support for sanctions and praised the abO l eadershi p of Bis hop Abel T. Muzorewa ( 11 a Bible man "). "Our goal i s still one man, de S one vote, 11 she said . ing ti on som muo ERA . Nearly three years after Congress passed the Equal Rig hts Amendment, 33 of Sp' 11 11 the 38 states needed for ratification have said Yes , but two of those legisla­ ide~ t ures have resci nded their votes in actions that are currently legally in doubt . witl Bac kers of ERA, which includes the Women's Division of BOGM, are hoping for 11 yes 11 to I votes by seven states to make ratification unquestionable . Twenty five national ~~~ religious organ izations, Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish, as well as state and in~ l ocal grou ps, have endorsed the amendment . l'e~ B na The White House . Thirty-five top ranking officials of the National Council of wh Churches met wi th President Gerald Ford at the White House on January 30 for an ag hour. The meeti ng , originally scheduled for only 30 minutes, was the first such a invitation to religious leaders in more than a decade. The general agenda was SU world hun ger. The President said he wanted to talk in specifics, not generalities, s· and those rai sed by the religious leaders were farm workers, the rising price of 1.1 food stamps (see ed itor ials), and human rights in countries which are supported by · U.S. Aid. Th e meeting was closed with prayer by NCC president Rev . W. Sterling Cary. General Secretary Cl aire Randall said the most important thing about t he meeting was that 11 it took pl ace at all. 11 The President appointed Mr . Ted Ma rrs to be liason with the National Council of Churches. EDITORIALSbJ

A Cause for Gratitude Portuguese Africa. Through the Inter­ preach it. The first question the listener faith Center for Corporate Responsibil­ is entitled to ask is : what are you per­ On January 15 representatives of ity· Christians have kept the issue of sonally giving up in the new asceticism? Portugal and three Angolan liberation Portuguese domination before American Automobile transportation? Vacation? movements signed an agreement for­ corporations doing business in Angola. Half your salary to feed the poor? The mally recognizing the sovereignty of Through the World Council of Churches preacher must be prepared on this one Angola and pledging independence on anti-Racism program Christians made for there is no retreat into "the mysteries November 11, 1975. Independence for grants of money in 1970 and 1974 total­ of the faith" or other jargon. Mozambique has already been sched­ ing $200,000 and $450,000 respectively The second problem with the new uled for June 25, and for smaller to approximately twenty organizations asceticism is that it is being preached Portuguese territories later this sum­ fighting racism around the world. Major at the same time by many people in the mer. shares went to the medical and humani­ highest levels of government. History If anyone had predicted these events tarian work of liberation movements in shows that the Church must be careful a year ago, the "prophecy" would have Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bis­ when its message begins to sound too been labelled flatly ridiculous. Portugal sau. These grants, as well as support much like that preached in the palace. had reiterated many times its deter­ from other international organizations, At the present time, it appears to us mination to hold on to its overseas gave financial and moral support where that the new asceticism is being territories, even while "upgrading" it was needed, and also conveyed to the preached by the Administration to those them to the status of states, and had Portuguese a sense of isolation in the who least need to hear the message. For invested large amounts of money in world community. The grants were instance, the Agriculture Department training anti-guerrilla forces, particularly widely criticized at the time, especially has announced its plan to cut food for use in northern Mozambique. in England and in an error-filled article stamp benefits for the needy by about Articles in popular South African maga­ in the Reader's Digest, but their wisdom $645 million and that the 15.4 million zines showed South African (white) adr has now been vindicated. There are persons who get food stamps would be visors at work with such groups, using things Christians can do together that "search and destroy" techniques em­ required to pay 30 percent of their net they cannot do alone, and the Church income, instead of 23 percent, to pur­ ployed by other forces elsewhere. When does not always have to be on the side a book by a Portuguese general, Antonio chase their monthly allotments. The new of the status quo. rule will cut most heavily into benefits de Spinola, appeared in Lisbon suggest­ It is always a temptation for Christians ing that the hard line government posi­ to claim the Holy Spirit for events which for single persons and two-person house­ tion on the overseas territories was meet our approval. But it does not seem holds, including many elderly people. somewhat futile, few people thought excessive to view the long and now On the other hand, the bloated De­ much of it-until, that is, General successful struggle of Africans in Portu­ fense ·Department, which this year will Spinola led a coup on April 25th. The guese territories as an example of God get over $90 billion, is most sorely in idea of Independence, whose time came at work in history. need of hearing the message of the new with sudden rudeness two centuries ago asceticism, but how can they hear to Britain and its relation with thirteen 'thout a preacher? Such a message obstreperous colonies, came with equal Lent and the New might profitably have been proclaimed suddenness to Portugal, which had been Asceticism last fall, to site just one instance, when in the colonizing business since the 16th 12,000 U.S. soldiers were flown to West century. Lent, which comes early this year, is Germany for maneuvers. As the Friends Primary credit for this remarkable traditionally the time when Christians Committee on National LegislatiO!Il tum of events must go to those African give up something out of recognition for points out, the planes consumed 17 mil­ I nationalists, many of them Christians, Christ's giving up Himself for our lion gallons of fuel and that energy who had their own dream and struggled salvation. The forty day period reflects could have heated 13,000 homes for a against odds for its realization. There is the biblical time of testing, as in Christ's year. a special poignancy in the memory of forty days in the wilderness. Catholics Lent is a time for identifying our­ such men as Amilcar Cabral of Guinea­ used to give up meat for Lent, and Bissau and Eduardo Mondlane of Mo­ Protestants usually have had study selves more fully with the crucified zambique who did not live to see the courses on Wednesday nights at the Christ and hence with the world He fruit of their efforts. An article by church, but now everyone is being asked came to save. In an increasingly inter­ Malcolm McVeigh in this issue recalls to think more seriously about what dependent world where no nation's the bitterness of 1961 in Angola-Portu­ "sacrifice" really means. Some church history is exactly its own we need to be guese Africa's "Valley Forge" year. leaders are calling for a "new asceti­ more conscious of our stewardship of Christians in the United States and cism" that is less wasteful of the earth's God's creation. Willy-nilly, we are all around the world should not be unmind­ resources and more responsive to the being forced into belt-tightening but we ful of the supportive role they have needs of people around the world. must make sure that the belts being played, however small, in the possibility This is a well-intentioned but danger­ tightened the most are not already of self determination for the people of ous doctrine, especially for those who around the narrowest waists. SLOW CHANGE IN SHREVEPORT

Connie Myer

" Who saves you? Who saveeees different service is underway. " I be­ are fleets of schoolbuses which bring 1ou?" chants the tall black preacher, lieve in spiritual healing. Prayer can the faithful to Su nday school and standing on tiptoe behind the pu l­ put our bodies in tune with God," services from all pa rts of the city and pit, stretching his well-over-six-foot says the Rev. Dr. D. L. Dykes Jr., the suburbs. height to its extreme limit, swaying · pastor, in calm , meas ured tones. The Closer to downtown is Allendale, back and forth as the rhythm of his white congregation in this First the principal black residential area. exhortations reaches a climax. " Jesus United Methodist Church is silent Here also are many churches-80 saveees," he answers himself, shout­ except when it obediently rises to Baptist ones alone-but they are of ing in a louder voice. Beads of sing hymns. Later the congregation more modest proportions, though perspiration stand out on his high files quietly across a columned brick some are expanding. Galilee Baptist's forehead. Suddenly he stops his courtyard to an elegantly furnished new larger bui lding, farther out from singsong chant and stands still, as if education wing where communion downtown, was to be ready early waiting. is taken in a large white paneled in 1975. A shrill cry sounds from the rear chapel which has an adjoining " Shreveport is the buckle of the of the packed Galilee Baptist Church bride's room and delicately carpeted Bible Belt," said one of its pastors in Shreveport, Louisiana. It comes parlor. humorously. "This is a church-going from a woman who rises up from town," added a city official. " You her pew, then falls over into the Biggest Business in Town just about have to be on some arms of nearby worshippers who The two services-and the struc­ church roll to be elected to office." carefully lead her out of the sanc­ tures holding them-are typical of Though its many churches are un­ tuary. the vastly different strands of church deniably handsome, Shreveport's Then the deep-voiced choir mem­ life in Shreveport, where 193,000 downtown area is a bit seedy. Some bers standing behind the preacher people support 308 churches of 38 vacant stores line Texas Street; begin to chant " We are weak and different denominations and boast empty lots, cleared by urban re­ Thou art strong" in resonant synco­ of being " the City of Churches." newal, grow weeds while awaiting pation and gradually everyone in the " Churches are the biggest business redevelopment. Row after row of sma ll brick church with its narrow here," says one of the city's pastors. dilapidated narrow wooden dwell­ balconies on three sides and baptis­ And a drive through this former ings, called "shotgun houses" be­ mal font in front takes it up. The river port town in northwest Louisi­ cause you can fire a gun straight service ends with children, deacons, ana seems to prove so. Everywhere through their three small back-to­ men, women-everybody-shouting are the large sanctuaries and sprawl­ back rooms, fill the "Bottoms" area " Amen!" in turn. ing education wings of churches. south and west of downtown. They About a mile away at th e head of Well-kept and prosperous looking, are occupied mostly by blacks who Texas Street, Shreveport's main they are surrounded by immaculate pay up to $50 a month rent for one. dow ntown thoroughfare, in a hand­ lawns and rose bushes, for which A 1973 local government survey said some church with a tall white spire Shreveport also is famous. Parked 33 percent of the city's housing was and Gree k columned facade, a vastly in sedate rows behind the churches substandard and the 1970 census re-

8 [60) New World Outlook • February 1975 vea led 18.7 percent of the people Catho lic so uthern Louis iana, and is luted the sec ure fee ling of the power were below the pove rty level. more conse rva ti ve, though so me structure. Shreveporters might disag ree. Holy Cross Episcopal, one of only Civic Pride " Shreveport is an amalga mati on of three downtown churches that re­ But Shreveport is making strides . small towns," says Rev. Dr. G. H. J. mained after th e 1950s w hen most Si nce 195 0, major national manu­ Thibodea ux, direc tor of evange li sm w hite chu rc hes moved away because fac turers have opened plants here, fo r th e Afri ca n M ethodist Epi sco pal of fea r of changi ng neighbo rhoods, bringing more employment. The Chu rch. " Lea ders from small towns refl ec ts th e city's new dive rsity. Rec­ city's thriving 27 -yea r-old symphony and th eir people moved into the to r Ke nneth W . Paul , long-haired , prese nts conce rts in a new civic city and crea ted a power stru cture info rm al and fo rthri ght, a Louisia na th ea ter on th e bank of the Red togeth er. This is true fo r bo th w hites native, explai ned : " In the ea rl y Ri ve r. Pia nist Va n Cliburn, a Shreve­ and blacks. You could descri be it as 1950s, this chu rc h sp lit. A sizeable port native, bro ught members of th e a w ho le lo t of plantations coming group moved out and built St. Marks defun ct Dallas Sy mphony to aug­ togeth er. There's a se nse of comm u­ (a large Gothic st ru ctu re now va lued ment his home town orches tra w hen nity here, but it's slow er to change. " at $6 milli on), bu t about eighty he gave two memorial conce rts fo r Th e city has a tradition of po liti ca l people w ho fe lt we should stay his fa th er th ere las t fa ll. Crumbling rule by old w hite fa milies-many of downtown remai ned. Now our 500 o ld ri ve r wa rehouses have been th em educated at United M eth odist members are a cross-section of the transformed into Shreve Square, a Ce ntenary Co llege-and th ough th e poor, middle in come, old ri ch and co ll ecti on o f smart res taurants, bou­ blac k popu lati on is 40 perce nt, an new ri ch. Dec ision-making is repre­ tiques and gift shops. Shreveporters at-large voting sys tem so fa r has ef­ se ntati ve of that mix." also are proud of their profess ional fectively prevented any blacks from football tea m w hose home ga mes being elected to City Council. New­ Blacks in Civil Service are played in a stadium sea ting 46,- comers w ho have moved in w ith the Besides the old fami lies and newer 000. bi g nati o nal corporations and per­ people, Shreveport might ap pea r to Northern Louisiana is primaril y so nnel at nea rby Bark sdale Ai r Fo rce have sepa rate blac k and w hi te so ­ Protes tant and Baptist. compared to Base, howeve r, have so mewhat di- cieti es , but Father Paul denies thi s.

Pari shioners with Father Kenneth Paul at Holy Cross Epi scopal Church on Sunday morning. " Blacks are visible now where they Other pastors affirmed that the weren't just five years ago," he as­ meetings were crucial to the suc­ serts. " They are in civil service jobs cessful integration of Shreveport's in the police and fire departments hotels, stores, buses and other facili­ and have been appointed to city ties. jobs by the mayor. The city is aware " They met without publicity and, I of the need to change, but isn ' t al­ think, played a great part in prevent­ ways willing to take the initiative. ing major riots/ ' said Tom Bickham, TENTH IN A SERIES ON It's more willing to follow." · administrative assistant to Shreveport RELIGION IN U.S. CITIES Father Paul , other pastors and Mayor L. Calhoun Allen Jr. , and a civic leaders are proud of Shreve­ communion steward at First United port's non-violent integration of Methodist Church. " The ministers' public facilities in the tumultuous influence through their congrega­ early 1960s and its peaceful school tions was very important." desegregation in the 1970s. Said both whites and blacks, " Shreveport Memories of Race Tensions never went through what is happen­ There were some tense moments ing now in Boston." Many believe in those days, and crosses were the church was the strongest force burned on the lawns of more than in preventing a " Boston." one clergyman; threatening letters Th e charismatic Rev. Dr. E. Edward and phone calls were received. Most Jones, pastor of Galilee Church, a of this occurred after what some prominent black leader, touched his people described as an extreme anti­ fingers carefully together and leaned communist ("who really was an his tall , muscular frame slightly back­ anti-black" ) staged a rally in the ward in his desk chair, as he said, city. " We had some confrontations and " He wrote to all the churches and some demonstrations in the 60s, of asked for their membership rolls so course. We had meetings about it he could send out inflammatory lit­ right here in Galilee. Dr. Martin erature," said Dr. Dykes. "We at Luther King Jr. came down several First Methodist refused to release times and the local police were our rolls. We also were the first watching us ca refully. In those days church to take a Negro member dur­ the police would ticket cars parked ing that period. Unfortunately, there in front of the church during our was an editor of the local newspaper meetings, j ust to harrass us . But we at the time who learned of all this had some influential people in the and wrote front-page stories con­ Dr. G. H. J. Thibodeaux city who were concerned that there demning Methodism. But we sur­ would like to see a be no riots. They spoke to so me of vived it. Maybe we lost half a dozen strong ministers association members. Eventually the editor was among the city's black the white clergy and we began and white Methodists and meeting together for six months or discredited and left." some joint "festivals of so . We all met except the white Dr. Webb Pomeroy, religion de­ celebration." Baptists." partment chairman at Centenary College, asserts that the late Craw­ ford Fullilove, a First United Meth­ odist officer who also was president of the city Chamber of Commerce in the early 1960s, was influential in bringing about peaceful integration because of " his courageous state­ ments over a period of time. There were a lot of anti-integration letters to the newspapers, but they eventu­ ally stopped after he made his state­ ments." Some Shreveport churches had less than a positive influence with !>Choo! integration, however, some observers said. Although the execu­ tive board of the Northwest Southern Baptist Association, which includes Shreveport, neighboring Bossier City and northern parts of the state, passed a resolution at the time stat- ing, "public schools are best for most pupi Is," prestigious First Bap­ tist Church, which has the largest physical plant in the city and claims Van Cliburn as a member, neverthe­ less opened a private school. So did some other Southern Baptist churches. "It's ironic that churches have great fleets of buses to take children to Sunday school, but don't want busing to public schools. I think our public school system is good, but enrollment is down every year," said the Rev. Kenneth Gibson, pastor of Parkview Baptist Church, who added that he's " considered the liberal" among the city's Southern Baptists.

Integration Not a Priority But integration-either of schools, churches or other facilities-doesn't seem to be the top priority of either blacks or whites in Shreveport today. Some blacks regret " closing" of heretofore all-black public schools because of the U.S. court-mandated desegration. And they feel threat­ ened at the federal Justice Depart­ ment suit seeking integration of Louisiana's black state-supported Southern University with white Louisiana State University. " I think the concern of race has (Above) Dr. E. Edward Jones preaches at Galilee Baptist Church. "Our role as diminished," said Ken Gibson. a J>lack church has always been strong in helping the individual to find an abun­ " There is a black separatism e_volv­ dant life here on earth as well as eternally," he says. ing. Blacks want to keep their insti­ (Below) Dale Johnston, center, pastor of a black Lutheran Church in Shreveport, tutions separate." hopes that he can share some skills with young parishioners so that their lives are " We see integration as a give-and­ enriched. take, but not an absorption of blacks," said E. E. Jones. One of four. blacks on the 20-member Caddo Parish Police Jury (county governing body) , Dr. Jones says the black churches are the most important element in Shreveport's black com­ munity. " We have three blacks on the school board and one more to come on. All are strong church peo­ ple and the churches have the largest number of voters. We at Galilee as­ sist in voter registration and use our nine church buses to get out the voters." Shreveport's churches are not en­ tirely segregated, however. Some Catholic parishes (a definite minority in the city) and First Presbyterian Church, where Mayor Allen is an elder, have some black members and a few whites attend Lakeside Baptist, a black church. Holy Cross Episcopal has black communicants, but not members, and First United

New World Outlook • February 1975 [63] 11 his race to direct a similar UMC min­ have asked w hy the church doesn't istry in the South. The mini stry, sup­ bring Bottoms youngsters up the hill po rted by the Board of Global Min­ to th e pool and gymnasium. istries, seeks better understanding " We've tried it, but we found the between different races and cultures children didn' t really feel comfort­ in Shreveport, and sponsors tutoring able," said Dr. Dykes. " It was all and other se rvices, using volunteers ri ght if we had them at a time when of both ra ces . they could be all by themselves." Though Mr. Graham has forged successfu l alliances w ith the ac tive Tradition of Separation Shreveport chapter of the National La ck of communica tion between Conference of Christians and Jews, white UMC churches and the black and churches such as Holy Cross community may be due to Louisi­ Episcopal, he has n' t ac hieved th e ana 's former white and black con­ same closeness with w hite United ferences which only merged in 1971 . Methodist churches . Dr. Carl F. Lu eg, While there are no overt hostilities UMC district superintendent, admits between the churches, there is a a need fo r more interest. " Perhaps la ck of mutual knowledge or the we should have more interpretation se nse that, as a United Methodist in th e churches," he says . W omen member phrased it, " We An example of mi sundersta nding are all togeth er now." is a brochure put out by First United Th e best supported church out­ Methodist to encourage so me of its reach in Shreveport is the Christian 400-strong Youth Ministry members Service Program, begun by St. Methodist has one black among its to work in the poverty area . Th e Jo sep h's Catholic Church in 1970. 4,500 members, the larges t ro ll in brochure dramatically states that 29 ,- Directed by a quietly effective Cath­ town. " Curiously, it was blacks out­ 000 people live in the " Bottoms," olic nun, Sister Margaret McCaffrey, side who objected to her joining, desc ribed as the " worst slum be­ who lives in a Bottoms apartment, rather than our members," said Dr. twee n Jackson, Miss ., and Dallas , th e agency distributes free clothing Dykes. Texas, where murders are committed and food out of a downtown store, The Rev. Dale Johnston, a young daily." The truth is that only about donated by a Jewish merchant. white, is pastor of Holy Cross Mis­ 5,000 people actually live in th e rea l Many church and civic groups assist souri Synod Luthera n Church in a " Bottoms," which faces th e ba ck th e ce nter which Sister Margaret be­ middle cla ss black area . Mr. Johns­ doors of First Meth odist, while the li eves is a needed supplement to ton considers himse lf still being black area desc ribed in the brochure Louisiana's low public welfare rate tested by the white community, but also includes upper in come homes . where a mother with one child gets believes he has achieved rapport First United Methodist ha s its own only $64 monthly. with his black members. ihe ch urch outreach in the " Bottoms," two small " Out of that the mother may have is in community activities, having frame houses where pre-school tare, to pay half or more for rent of one served as headquarters for a st rikin g job counseling and arts and crafts of the shotgun houses," she ex­ labor union and providing daily classe s are provided. The church plained. " Besides g~ving clothing and recreation for neighborhood young­ also has education and rec reation sters. trips for Bottoms resid ents and takes people to a distant state prison to Church Social Projects visit relatives, to a mental hea lth Most mainline denomination clinic and other places where it's black and white churches have so me expensive to go. Sadl y, children in kind of social projects, usually direct the cement playground in front of services for the hard-co re poverty the Bottoms pre-school ce nter ca n dwellers in the " Bottoms." Black look up and see white young people Baptist churches sponsored four rent usin g the swimming pool and roof supplement housing projects; the patio o n top of First Methodist's ac­ black Baptist ministers ' fellowship tiviti es wing. Quite a few people brought Opportunities Industrializa­ tion- Center to Shreveport. Galilee and other black churches give emer­ gency aid such as clothing, food, house hold items or help with mort­ gage payments. United Methodism is working in the black community primarily through Shreveport Metropolitan Ministries, headed by the Rev. James Graham, a young black, the first of food, we provide information and counse ling to help people get food stamps and other city se rvi ces ." Five years ago, St. Joseph's al so initiated a breakfast program in a Bottoms school w hich other churches extended to more schools. In 1972, Caddo Parish (county) School Board took over and now serves breakfast in 41 poverty area schools. While there may have been some tensions betw een Shrevepo rt blacks and whites in the past, only cordial relations exist between Christians and the city's small Jewish commu­ nity. Retired Rabbi Davi d Le fkowitz of Temple B'nai Zion, a reformed congregation, likes to tell how the Broadmoor Disc iples of Christ Church held services in his syna­ gogue for three years w hile its new sanctuary was being constructed, and how he gave the dedication ser­ vice for the new church. " I've spoken and preached at Methodist, Presbyterian and Ep iscopal Churches. There also is a grow ing warmth and understanding w ith the Catholic A row of "shotgun" houses near downtown Shreveport. (Opposite page, bottom) Sister Margaret Mccaffrey works ecumenically with community," he added. In contrast, the poor through Christian Servi ce Center. Father Paul says Holy Cross in 1971 (Opposite page, top) Benny Vaughn, behind desk, associate director of First w as the first w hite church to have a United Methodist's 400-strong youth ministry, confers with Centenary student guest black preacher w hen Bi shop Sarah Seeliger. Joseph Johnson of the Christi an Methodist Episcopal Church, a Church of Christ, Nazarene and " uhuhs" and " amens" from Galilee Shreveporter, w as a Lenten sp eaker. United Pentecostals all are rapidly Church's grizzled deacons as Dr. expanding. Jones reaches inspirational-and Jew Heads Coalition What effect the churches will have perspi rational-heights in his weekly Rabb i Emanuel Kumin, dire ctor of on Shreveport's political and eco­ service, broadcast by a local radio the local Jewish Federation, is the nomic future remai ns to be see n. station. first Jewish president of Sh reveport's In itiative for ending the city's at-large " Our preaching, while not social Ministerial Alliance, a coa lition of voting method is coming from black gospel entirely, is addressed to stim­ mostly w hite Protes tant, Catholic politica l and bu si ness organizations, ula e our people to feel they can and Je w ish clergy. A few blacks par­ not church groups as such. Another make it another day and things will ticipate, but most belong to the group is working on alleged dis­ be better," said E. E. Jones. " In the blac k Interdenominational M iniste r­ crimination aga inst blacks in city future we need to concentrate on ial Alliance. Rabb i Kumin admi ts that revenue sha ring. Housi ng, which being a real ly solid church and the alliance he heads has little effect both b lacks and w hites ag ree is the preach the Gospel with concern to because of what he ca lls " only token city's biggest socia l problem, may al l men. We shou ld attend to the suppo rt from Baptists and funda­ be tougher, with higher costs and problems of all the city-the poor mentalists . We al so get hung up on federal aid cutbacks. and the affluent-and help all peo­ moral issues like abortion, al cohol­ In the meantime, Shreveport's ple, white and black, to feel like ism or the new race track that's churches will go on nurturing their brothers. " opening here. We all can ' t ag re e so members, giving spi ritual gu idance, James Graham probably would we don't take a stand. W hen we do and, as one ministe r fra nkly said, agree with him. " We have many agree, as we did in the Middle East­ " providing rec reation and cu ltural problems here- a lack of coopera­ ern war, w e iss ue a statement." se rvices." tion between black and white, rich Despite difficulties, Rabbi Kumin Styles of preaching va ry from the and poor communities. But this is thinks the alliance is needed and formal service in First Methodist's not just true in Shreveport, but heralded the recent decis ion inviting large sa nctuary w hich is televised across America." • Jew s and Catholics to join . each Sunday, reaching an estimated I As they are world-w ide, pente­ 66,000 viewers in the Louisiana, Ar­ Ms . Myer is a staff writer for Interpre­ costa l and fundamentalist churches ka nsas and Texas area, to the Gospel tive Services, United Methodist Board are grow ing in Shreveport. Th e singi ng and Greek chorus-like of Global Ministries. I

New World Outlook • February 1975 [65] 13 WORLD HUNGER I I~ y1 p (1 AND FOOD SI 0 I( p

' ) ~ · ;..,., __ n the year 1348, the Black Death Famine is natural aski ng the following questions. rava ged Europe. One out of every How ha s population been con­ I It is said that famine is nature's three persons died in that single way to thin populations when the trolled in the developed world? year. Death was random : rich and How are the ruling elites of the food-popu ldtion equilibrium is up­ poor, young and o ld, the seer and the set. Some famine areas res ult from poor countries related to the cor­ common fool were felled. In terror, porate interests in the ri ch natio ns? climate changes. The Sahara Desert so me were drawn to prayer, while How is the American housewife's ha s been expanding into once-fertile others ran to frenzied pleasure. We fight against inflation related to the areas and ru ining even minimal agri­ look back at those dark days with poor and starving masses in Asia , cultural development. pity for the futile gestures. Africa or Latin America? Now, over six hundred yea rs later, Food aid does n' t reach the needy The basic question is this : Is ·we have no fear of such pestilence. hunger caused by scarcity or by Corrupt governments, it is argued, Major epidemics can be controlled global injustice? To answer, we must skim off sizeable portions of food and some diseases have been elim­ look at a few of the facts. aid before it reaches the poor and inated altogether. Yet in this single The United States of America is hungry. Elite groups consume food yea r, a fate worse than plague awaits by far the world's leading producer at the expense of their own people. many millions of our fellow beings. and exporter of food. The fertile Food is so ld on the black market Death will be selective: only the plains of the midwest coupled with at exorbitant prices. Much is mis­ poor will fall. In terror, we may wit­ advanced technology in the hands managed and eaten by rats and in­ ness misery for which both cause sects. An estimated 50 % of our food of the hard-working farmer have and remedy are known. Future gen­ created a virtual miracle of produc­ erations will look back at us with tivity. wonder at our inaction. For this is We produce most of the food we the yea r the Great Famine began. consume and this is often suggested Nearly 500 million persons, most­ OF as justification for our excesses. The ly children, are close to starvation average North American consumes today-more than the population of nearly a ton of grain per year. Less the entire world in 1348. One out POVERTY, than 200 pounds of this grain is of every four persons in the world eaten directly in bread, pastry and is hungry. Thousands will die this breakfast cereal. Over 1800 pounds week. Without immediate action, up PROTEINS is eaten indirectly as meat, milk and to a billion people are doomed to eggs. Yet in the underdeveloped perish before the crisis finally is re­ world, only about 400 pounds of solved. How does one identify w ith AND grain per year is consumed by the the suffering of a billion people? average person. Almost all of this The Unpopularity of Aid small sum must be eaten directly. PROFITS The poor nations cannot afford meat Up to now, we have responded Laurence Simon consumption. It takes about 8 with some form of foreign aid. But pounds of grain to produce one lately, such aid-in money and es­ pound of beef. In a hungry world, pecially in food-has become un­ can we continue to justify meat as popular with many Americans for a aid is wasted by vermin. Of food, the staple of the American diet? variety of reasons. To understand agricultural· funds and such indus­ Though se lf-sufficient in food, the problem, these reasons must be trial products as fertilizer, some­ America relies heavily on imports explored. times as little as 15 % finally reaches for many raw materials necessary the poorest sectors. More food mea ns more babies in her greatly productive industries. Domestic inflation In fact, while we represent only five With the population of the world to six per cent of the world's popu­ nearing four billion, some argue that High food prices in the U.S. pre­ lation, we consume more than forty the famine-stricken countries must clude our generosity with limited per cent of the world's resources. control their population growth if commodities. The middle class is food aid is to be at all effective. At hard-pressed in today's food market. Obviously, not many other coun­ present growth rate, the world's There is real hunger in the inner tries would be able to achieve our popu la ti on wi II reach 61/i bi II ion by cities, among the rural poor and level of industrialization unless we the year 2000. Some experts say 15 those on meager fixed incomes. and the few other heavy users of billion is the limit that can be sup­ Food aid, some argue, will only raw materials were to use less or be­ ported on earth even under opti­ worsen inflation. come much more efficient. mum conditions. Without major There is validity to many of these Our huge bill for imports must be scientific and agricultural break­ concerns. They ca nnot be ignored, paid somehow. Agricultural exports, throughs, we seem not to be able but must be looked at again in a therefore, have assumed a crucial to feed the population even today. broader context. We can do so by role in our balance of payments.

New World Outlook • Februuy 1975 [67) 15 According to U.S. Department of felt that the President's denial was bel ieves the private sector is best Agricultu re figures, agricultural ex­ correct. The Secretary of Agriculture able to build reserves. But in 1972, ports in fisca l year 1974 totalled a sa id, " It would have a bullish effect when the world suffered an ex­ staggering $21.3 billion. Soybeans, on the market." Yet the commercial ceptionally poor harvest, there were wheat, feedgrains and rice al one value of the one million tons is only 209 million metric tons of grain or totall ed $14.3 billion. 1974/5 Ameri­ $175 million. 66 days in world reserve. 1973 saw ca will harvest an estimated 212 Presidential Counsellor Anne re cord grain crops, yet the reserve million tons of grain. Armstrong, one of ranking members moved down to 125 million metric Added to the wheat harvests of of the U.S. Delegation, who. is de­ tons or 37 days. Last year, it was esti­ Canada, Australia, Argentina and the scribed as a champion of women's mated to be a 27 day reserve after few other large producers, there is rights, announced the decision in exceptionally large grain harvests. undoubtedly more than enough to Rome and reasoned that " the Ameri­ George McGovern chairs the U.S. feed the world. But who wi ll re ceive can housewife is having a tough Senate Committee on Human Nu­ th is enormous bounty? Food is big time meeting her own budget. trition and Needs, and wrote the busi ness and corporate profits (as American citizens are having a preface for its " Report on Nutrition distinguished from the fair com­ tough time feeding their own fam­ and the International Situation." The pensation a small farmer has a right ilies." Senator maintains, " Private traders to expect) dictate that the richest Before the American housewife are in business to turn investments nations eat best. accepts the burden of guilt for the into profit as rapidly as possible . .. . A. H. Boerma, Director-General of suffering of other mothers who In reality a reserve in private hands the Food and Agriculture Organiza­ watch their children starve, we must is no reserve at all . It is indeed pre­ tion of the U.N., estimates that the look at a few more facts. cisely the same market mechanism critical shortfall in 1975 is between Earl Butz gave us the clue when which has produced the situation 8 to 12 million metric tons of grain he echoed the President's words and we face today." in the five most severely threatened said, " Food is a weapon. It is now The Marketplace Giants countries : Bangladesh, India, Paki­ one of the principal tools in our stan , Sri Lanka and Tanzania. Yet, as negotiating kit." The mechanism of the market­ Dr. Boerma reminds us, the supplies Food, however, is not the weap­ place is geared to scarcity, not to exist. But will they be made avail­ on. The denial of food-famine­ reserve. If prices begin to decline, able? is the weapon. Under the terms of produce is withheld to create an Dr. Boerma warned that if help Public Law 480, the Food for Peace artificial scarcity and inflate prices. did not reach Bangladesh by Christ­ Program, food is given away only If prices increase, produce is further mas, 1974, one million persons after all our commercial commit­ withheld to force prices still higher. would face imminent death. " I told ments are met. Only surplus food Furthermore, like oil, there is no them," Dr. Boerma said , referring to will then find its way to those na­ accurate and mandatory grain re­ the major exporters and importers, tions unable to compete in the serve reporting system maintained " I told them, ' I don't know whether market. But not even this paltry sum by the U.S. Department of Agricul­ you can bear the responsibi lity for has been directed to the areas most ture. We may think there is scarcity. determining who is to live and who in need. The Sahelian countries of Only the corporate traders know. is to die.'" Africa, where 100,000 persons were James McHale agrees with Senator felled by famine last year, received McGovern. McHale is an energetic Food for Peace relatively little of this surplus food. dirt farmer appointed by Governor The U.S. does provide food aid The decision as to where the food Milton Shapp as Pennsylvania's Sec­ under its Food for Peace program. is shipped is based on cold war retary of Agriculture. Leading a Three years ago we provided 9 mil­ politics. Last year, nearly half of our Pennsylvania Delegation (the only lion tons of food to needy nations. food aid went to South Vietnam and state in the Union to send one) to Two years ago we committed 71/2 Cambodia. Our " defense perimeter" Rome in order to lobby the official million tons. Last year, which saw certainly did not include Chile under U.S. Delegation for a sane food the largest commercial food exports Salvadore Allende. Three days before policy, McHale charged that 95 % in our history, the U.S. made avail­ the military coup d'etat, the U.S. of all grain reserves in the w orld are able only 3.3 million tons. This turned down a request to sell wheat under the control of si x multina­ year is running slightly ahead of last to Chile, for cash . Yet one month tional agribusiness corporations.* year. after " destabilization," with Allende The Small Farmer Because of the immediate threat dead, the U.S. granted the new re­ of starvation, the U.S. Delegation gime 8 times the total credit ever These corporate middlemen have and its Congressional advisers to the offered to Allende to purchase as much power over the small farm­ W orld Food Conference in Rome wheat. Food for Peace has been ers of America as they do over sov­ cabled an urgent request to Presi­ handled as an adjunct of our mili­ ereign nations in the market to pur­ dent Fo rd for permission to commit tary assistance programs. chase grain. The prices paid in the the U.S. to provide an additional Further, the U.S. has consistently one million tons to help close the opposed the creation of interna­ • Cargill Grain Company, Continental 8 to 12 mill ion ton gap. Earl Butz Grain Company, Cook Industries, Inc. , D rey­ tionally held grain reserves. With fu s, Bunge Company, and Archer-Daniel ad mitted later that he did not agree almost depleted stocks prompting M idland. Al l six have been subsequently with his delegation's request and the U.N. meeting in Rome, the U.S. identified as America n based corporations.

16 [68] New World Outlook • February 1975 " How does one identify with the suffering of a billion people?" supermarket are determined to a large extent by these giants. Present­ ly, the five top corporations are involved in class action suits brought by wheat farmers in Oklahoma and Texas who accuse them of rigging grain prices. In America-as in the poorest na­ ( tions-the small farmer is at the mercy of the corporate tradesmen. Over 1,000 small family farmers per week in the U.S. are driven out of business, although the economy is experiencing the greatest boom in agricultural profits in its history. Clearly, something is wrong when able and willing farm families pack up and head for the city. Hard work has never driven a farm family from its land. such change. Most third world na­ Yet in poor societies, where eco­ Meanwhile, food prices for the tions achieved political independ­ nomic progress is denied to so many, consumer have climbed higher and ence while remaining economically birth rates have not been tamed. In­ higher. Yet fully two-thirds of the determined by foreign corporations. fant mortality is high, childhood supermarket price is taken by cor­ These Western economic interests malnutrition is rampant, and in­ porations after the produce leaves estabished symbiotic relationships justice is the norm. Contrary to our the farm. Food monopolies control with the ruling elites of the poor logic of affluence, human societies processing and prices. There are nations. Colonial structures of land will not breed fewer children in about 32,000 food manufacturing tenure, exploitation of natural re­ times of profound stress. firms in the nation, yet only 100 of sources were carried over with the Large capital investments in the them make 71 % of the profits. elite accumulating economic and Third World on the part of multi­ Multinational agribusinesses, pri­ political fortunes at the expense of national business will increasingly marily U.S. based, control more than the impoverished masses . require political commitments from the markets of world agriculture, as Technical solutions for hunger do the host nation. This is easiest to Jean Pierre Laviec on the Interna­ not attack poverty or its precondi­ accomplish in such rightist dictator­ tional Union of Food Workers said tions in exploitation. As long as ships as Brazil and Chile. in a statement released in Rome. third world nations and the masses The impoverished world is po­ of the poor are seen solely as cheap litically volatile and civil unrest may They decide the quantities of vital in­ puts to be produced, the quantities of sources of raw materials and labor, soon follow spreading famine. Only agricultural products to be bought, and receptive markets for industrial the most secure areas or those vital where plants will be built and invest­ inputs, poverty and hunger will con­ to our interests will continue to en­ ments made. The growth rate of agri­ tinue to grow. joy " development." The " fourth business has risen during the last 10 world" of nations devoid of pur­ Population Growth years and their growth rate has been cha sing power, political stability or directly proportional to the increase of Many poor nations have not done personal hope will implode under hunger and scarcity. enough to limit population growth, the enormous pressures of overpop­ It is questionable whether genu­ but we must remember that no na­ ulation and despair. ine solutions to hunger and scarcity tion-including our own-has suc­ There will be no end to the prob­ can be generated by private organi­ ceeded in this goal before reaching lem until long-term effective action zations whose first and last aim is a certain level of affluence. The is taken among nations and within to maximize profits. Technical solu­ official policy of the U.S.S.R. is to nations to achieve a just society. tions rely on multinational corpora­ encourage births in order to enlarge Su ch solutions are, of course, po­ the labor pool. Yet the people them­ litically complicated. Our only in­ tions for their design and imple­ selves have acted contrary to their terest must be the salvation of hu­ mentation. Short of genocide, government's wishes. They feel they mankind. Our attention must be technical solutions, to the extent that cannot afford more than two chil­ fi xed on the urgent task ahead, if they will be applied and at the cost dren. China, with one-quarter of the millions are to be saved this year of their puchase, will not work. For world's population, is successfully al one. Next month we will look hunger, like no other issue, goes limiting population growth by ;i head at such a plan of action for right to the heart of global injustice. strong leadership. Also, in approach­ con cerned Christians. • Any "solution" is part of the prob­ ing self-sufficiency in food, China lem if it does not encompass struc­ offers a model of agricultural de­ Laurence Simon is a freelance writer liv­ tural change toward a just society. velopment worthy of examination ing in St ockbridge, Massachusetts. He Multinational agribusiness has by the other poor nations of the al!ended the W o rld Fo od Co nference in clearly not been concerned with world. Ro m e.

18 (70) New World Oudook • February 1975 - NOW Carolyn D Mcintyre

Sitting in the second balcony of tempted to establish a specially­ staff taken from the Food and Agri­ the marble-terraced Palazzo dei mandated follow-up group, so that culture Organization of the UN Congress i at the United Nations the various conference resolutions (FAO)-a point on which the de­ World Food Conference, I thought would not float around after the veloped nations insisted. But it will one day that the title to this article conference closed, unattached to be accountable to the UN General should so und like an equation from any UN agency. On both these Assembly, where every nation has " new math"-something like " 9 points compromises were rea ched. equal voting status-a point highly months plus infinity = now." On the compromise resolution valued by the underdeveloped na­ Nine months is the length of time rega rding " international trade, stabil­ tions. in which the food-exporting nations ization and agricultural adjustment," A conference committee worked of the world must meet a desperate it was clear that the developed over important plans which will lead shortfa ll of food grain s amounting countries would maintain " business to the formation of an international to so me 8-12 million tons for coun­ as usual" in terms of not revising agricultural data system which will tries mos t se ri o usly affected by bad present marketing arrangements, or keep track of crop expectations, harves ts, fl oods or droughts. It is seek ing to reduce or eliminate re­ weather conditions and actual crop un ce rtain whether 450,000,000 per­ strictive or prohibitive tariffs on yields. Such an international system sons will live beyond this Jun e. agricultural ex po rts from developing is not to be used for national polit­ As fa r as one ca n see into the countries . Mexico had presented a ical gain nor to feed the price spec­ future- infinity-there is the long­ ve ry strong reso lution seeking such ulation business. It is intended to ran ge social and economic develop­ changes. But in one caucus the give early warnings about areas ment ta sk facing the nations of the United States repre se ntative stressed where special needs may occur for world. World Food Conference par­ food grains, due to local bad ticipants acknowledged that agri­ weather or other emergencies. cultural development must be one The conference approved plans of the highes t priorities of a country, for a 3-year program of internation­ and th at th ere are no simple miracle WORLD ally coordinated grain reserves for so lutions to the prese nt crisis of in­ most seriously affected countries equality and insufficiency of food HUNGER around the world. An important set supplies. of guidelines was developed for The balancing part of the eq ua­ AND the channeling of food aid. It was tion- now-reflected th e va ri ous also recommended that governments ta sks at hand for th e developing FOOD earmark stocks or funds for meeting countries of Asia , Latin America and international emergency require­ Africa and, simultaneously, for ments. developed o r industria li zed co un ­ The potpourri of committee work tries such as the United States. included technical considerations The agenda of the World Food the point of view that these were for agricultural development, such Conference prese nted the nea rl y no t matters concerned with food, as: new work to control or eradicate 1300 delega tes from 130 natio ns and they should be taken up at other the tse-tse fly in Africa ; drastically with a job w hich nea rl y defied de­ types of international meetings. increased efforts in agricultural re­ scription. As for the second re solution, a search focusing on tropical or semi­ Two reso lutions in the Conference new World Food Council has been tropical, arid or semi-arid agricul­ agenda caused the most obvious authorized which will be responsible ture; recommendations for interna­ and difficult splits betwee n th e de­ for coordination of all food and tionally coordinated programs for veloped and the developing nations. agriculture-related actions within the production and utilization of pesti­ One consi dered measures for re­ UN agencies in connection with cides, or of finding methods of pest forming international trade agree­ special guidelines and resolutions control which do not rely on pesti­ ments conce rning food and ag ri cul­ coming out of the Rome World Food cides; plans to emphasize more tural exports, and marketing and Conference. The Council's staff rational land use which would en­ pricing arrangements. The oth er at- work will be done by a special core courage increased food production

New World Outlook • Februuy 1975 [71) 19 in developing countries; a resolution A new International Fund for recognizing the important role Agricultural Development was es­ played by women in all aspects of tablished, but it is dependent on rural life and calling for their fuller voluntary contributions from the na­ participation in formu lating and im­ tions. These contributions would be plementing policy decisions for eco­ over and above their regular monies nomic and social development; a des ignated for aid programs or re­ resolution which ca lls for new ex­ sea rch work. There is so me hope for am ination and commitments ·for in­ this new fund, howeve r, becau se it creased fe rti lize r production and use was originall y sponso red by all the in developing cou ntries , so that they oi l producing countries involved in might ac hieve better crop yields OPEC (Organization of Petro leum than previously (as well as recog­ Exporting Countries). nizing the necessity to make better On the opening day of the con­ use of p lant nutrients from non­ fere nce, the government of Algeria took the bull by the horns and sa id Delegates from more than one chemical sources). This latter re so­ hundred nations gather in Rome lution also ca ll ed for voluntary that, for th e short-term , measures for the United Nations' World restraint in non-esse ntial uses of should also be considered for in­ Food Conference. fertilizers in developed co untries. creas ing food production in the de- veloped countries for the benefit of points during the conference is the hungry and poor people elsewhere. reliance on militarism as a security The point of its resolution was to for the Western world. The gigantic place on the record a cautionary defense budget of countries like the note to the developed countries, U.S. present an obvious target for that any food production in those "The question must be questioning the sense of humani­ tarian priorities for this country or countries should be so programmed faced (about resources that it would not hinder the supply for the rest of the world. How does of essential inputs (seeds, fertilizers, to combat malnutrition one understand the result of "dis­ credit arrangements) to developing and hunger) as to who armament" or " strategic arms limita­ countries, so as to delay their goal tion" talks, when they lead to further of increasing self-suffici~ncy in food manages these resources, expenditures of scarce money? What supplies. is the connection between the sight at what costs and to of a $76 million B-1 bomber and Some Underlying Meanings what ends." the sight of a child holding up an With the obvious scarcity of re­ empty bowl for food? sources to combat malnutrition and In the conference discussions on hunger, the question must be faced improving nutrition of pregnant and as to who manages these resources, lactating women, and the urgency at what costs and to what ends. The of mothers to nurse their new-born possibility, for example, of all-out The question was put by Presi­ children rather than purchase formu­ agricultural production in the United dent Luis Echeverria, of Mexico, in la, the politeness of UN discussions States, means that the U.S. will keep his notable speech to the Confer­ kept governmental representatives up its high rate of fertilizer usage ence : do we view underdevelop­ from specifically naming the source rather than diverting some to wheat ment as a stage in the process of of an overwhelming problem. Name­ fields in India or Bangladesh. development, or is underdevelop­ ly, the transnational agribusiness The questions of who controls, ment understood as a result of domi­ companies, which market infant who pays, and for what purpose re­ nation? formula, have mounted large ad­ flect one of the areas of greatest con­ Considerable caution and even vertising campaigns in several poor flict about the causes of hunger in discouragement was voiced over the countries to induce mothers to think this 20th century. The sense of his­ past, present and future roles of food that the commercial product will be tory of the United States and most aid from donor countries to recipi­ better than their own nourishment other Western nations (though they ent countries. The guidelines which to the infant. Case studies have stated it less blatantly than the U.S.), were suggested represent a serious shown that many families have pur­ attributed the current crisis to four challenge to the United States and chased insufficient quantities of the factors : overpopulation, oil price to U.S. churches about the place of formulas and diluted them beyond rise, not enough technical ability or food aid programs. In the history of the recommended amount-because knowledge and bad luck with the food aid from the United States and they don't have enough money to forces of weather. The historical re­ some other donor countries, the purchase all that is necessary. (It ality for the developing countries, record will show that a large pro­ would take 30 % of a Nigerian's wage stated repeatedly at the conference, portion of such aid has been pri­ to purchase all that would be neces­ was and is a process which started marily to achieve our own national sary.) Add one more cause to the to shift just 25 years ago-the end political and/ or military defense list of rea sons for severe infant mal­ of colonialism and the struggle for goals, rather than to feed the hungry. nutrition. economic as well as political inde­ The very idea of the motivation In the churches in the United pendence. They would agree with for food aid was questioned in the States there are many resources­ the fact that many of their countries keynote address to the conference people, property, institutions, edu­ have been ravaged by bad weather. by Mr. Sayed Ahmed Marei, secre­ cational programs, mission channels And they also know that there are tary-general of the World Food and relationships with autonomous many technological problems which Conference. His statement is : " It is churches-which are being applied have not yet been conquered which fitting here to talk of 'food aid for to the many faces of hunger in the affect their own agricultural produc­ development' rather than the present world. As people are engaged in tion. 'aid motivated by charity.' ... We specific programs they must in­ They also need the freedom as cannot visualize a situation in which crease their grasp of the many causes independent nations to formulate food is used as an instrument of of hunger for so many people, so social and economic development foreign policy. The most crying need that the continuing weight of justice plans which are free of domination of the hour is to de-politicize food is known by the rural peasant and from Western trade patterns and a aid, and to re-humanize it. While by the city dweller who is depen­ world monetary system which sets the importance of food aid to de­ dent on that rural peasant. • currency valuations and prices for veloping countries cannot be under­ finished and raw products to the estimated, it is also of indirect bene­ Mrs. Mcintyre is Executive Secretary for interests of purchasers in developed fit to the advanced countries." D evelopment Edu cation and Training countries, and to the detriment of Another historical reality which for the Women's Division of the UM developing countries' economies. arose from several different vantage Board of Global Ministries.

New World Outlook • Febru•ry 1975 [73) 21 ow do you increase food pro­ ruption which is eating into the very H duction in Bangladesh? One foundations of Bangladesh. Opposi­ solution is a new rural agri cultural tion of the violent kind is beginning repair center. It is a project of the to rear its ugly head and many polit­ 25,000-member Church of Bangla­ ical lead ers have been or are being desh, a union of Anglicans and En ­ murdered . Bangladesh is not a happy glish Pres byterians, the second larg­ country, and labor unrest, rapid in­ est Protestant denomination in the fl ation, and above all the rapid pop­ overwhelmingly Islamic nation. The ulation explosion, seem insoluble United Methodist Committee on Re ­ problems." lief has donated $15 ,000 to the Thubron set to work on the agri­ project. cultural repair ce nter. Ten men from The center is in Ratnapur, 100 the village built walls from bricks miles west of Dacca and four miles salva ged from the ruins of an old from the Indian border. It is a small school and mud cement. With the village of about 1,000 people, half building half way up, and looking of whom are Christians. Ratnapur is like an archaeological dig, the cen­ in the center of a large agricultural ter unofficially opened in December area. Main crops are rice, jute and of 1972 when Thubron overhauled a sugar cane. The people are poor but diesel-engine-driven irrigation pump. A a majority of them have a little land. " For the technically minded I did Augmenting the amount of food a top overhaul on the engine, grown in the area requires irrigation ground in the valves, set the tappets pumps and power tillers, and there and checked the timing and fuel in­ RURAL are already a good number of them. jection system," wrote Thubron. "I But there is an acute shortage of also changed the lubricating oil skilled people to repair and main­ which was a rich black with con­ REPAIR tain them. sistency of coal tar. It was with a There are many mechanical train­ sigh of relief that it started and con­ ing centers in Bangladesh, but al­ tinues to run . most all are in large towns and they " Shuken, the 15-year-old son of CENTER IN only accelerate the drift of skilled Moti the church bearer and watch­ young men to urban areas. By plac­ man, helped me: I kept a careful ing the center in the village the watch on what he did and how he Church hopes to overcome this learned since he may well be one BANGLADESH problem. of the first recruits for training. He A year and a half ago the Rev . is very intelligent and when I tested Tom Thubron, an Anglican priest him on my 'Mechanical Aptitude and engineer, was sent by the British Test' he did very well. Christian Missionary Society to Rat­ " But Shuken is a cripple. When he napur to develop the center and was a small boy he had polio which teach short courses to village youth has left his right leg without much on the repair and maintenance of muscle and thin and shorter than his agricultural machinery. left leg. He can get about all right, The area was not new to him. In but when I go to Dacca this week I 1972 after the war between India am taking him to the Orthopaedic and Pakistan, he had come to Bang­ Hospital for them to examine him to ladesh to help with relief and re­ see what they can do." (For the story habilitation programs. He had lived of the hospital, read " Healer in in Bollobhpur, a few miles from Rat­ Bangladesh" by Barbara and Leon napur, where the Church of Bangla­ Howell in the July-August 1973 New desh operates a hospital. He assisted World Outlook.) in a house-building program of Thubron teaches week-long WORLD about 10,000 houses. courses in simple maintenance When Thubron returned to Bang­ methods. Young men who show HUNGER ladesh a second time, he found peo­ promise in the short courses are in­ ple disillusioned. In a letter he wrote vited to be paid apprentices at­ AND home after six months in the coun­ tached to the center for two to three FOOD try, he said: years. In addition to agricultural me­ " Two years of independence and chanics, apprentices learn carpentry freedom seem very hollow now with and modern farming methods. Grad­ rapid inflation and a Government uates will be equipped with tool kits unable to control the canker of car- and helped to find employment. The emphasis of the center on on­ the-job practical training rather than education stems from Thubron's ap­ preciation for his own five-year Brit­ ish engineering apprenticeship and some questions he had about chu rch-related technical training ce nters in India which he visited on his way to Bangladesh. The center has both cu ltivable land and simple machinery for practical training. In addition to his duties at the center, Thubron offers worship dur­ ing the week and on Sunday in the church, which is in the center of the village. It is becoming more difficult for missionaries to get visas unless they can prove they will be doing jobs Bengalis ca nnot do, Thubron reports. " This doesn' t depress me in the least since it wil l make the Church in the long run more able to stand on its own two feet," he states. " The Church of Bangladesh is by far the best prepared for these changes with the control of the Church in the hands of the Bengali Christians." Thubron happily reports that Rat­ napur ha s three young men in train­ ing for the priesthood. The main problem of the Church is poverty. In a recent letter, Thubron related the joy he felt in his service : " This morning I celebrated Holy Communion at 7:30 a.m. My short address was about going with Jesus on the road to the Cross. I felt all tongue-tied and prayed that my feeble attempts to communicate w o uld crash through the lan guage barrier. But then communication is something which we all need to work at. One thing a missionary can never forget is an attitude of humil­ ity towards communi cation and I am often thankful that I didn' t open my mouth because I couldn't find the right words in Bengali. " And yet, the love which we show for one another commu nicates like a flash. It crosses barriers as if made of paper and enables us to feel at one just as we did this morning as we gathered together around the Lord's table. " Life is not always easy for us, at the moment we have a postal strike which looks as if it will go on for weeks and means no letters, but we I are thankful that we are here and British missionary Tom Thubron operates and provides training at an agricultural feel richly blessed with that 'peace I machinery repair center in Ratnapur. During the monsoon season, the village .whi ch passes all understanding'." • is accessible only by boat. -Ellen Clark

New World Outlook • February 1975 [75) 23 was in the village of Zombo Since the April 25, 1974 coup in a constituency of 20,000, saw one I Macando, 12 miles from the town Lisbon, Portugal attention has fo­ fourth of its members killed, of Ucua and some 100 miles north cused on the future of the European wounded, imprisoned, made home­ of Luanda, Angola on Wednesday, country's former African territories. less or forced into refugee status. March 15, 1961. Momentous events By far the largest and most prosper­ At one time in the capital city of were taking place to the north ol us, ous of those countries is Angola, Luanda the Board of Missions re­ but we were oblivious to them at whose 480,000 square miles is ported that of 167 church workers the time. roughly equal to the combined size 21 pastors and teachers had been My colleague, Pastor Andre Dias, of Texas, California and Arkansas killed, 26 were in prison, and the and I had been engaged in evan­ and fourteen times the size of Por­ whereabouts of 76 were unknown. gelistic work in Methodist churches tugal itself. The under-populated Of the 34 who were free, only 11 in Caxito and the Lower · Dembos country has approximately 6 million were able to be at their posts. Meth­ since February 27th, and this was our Africans and 750,000 whites. odist missionaries were arrested and last stop prior to returning to our Portugal is currently attempting imprisoned and their number re­ home in Quessua, 350 miles inland to arrange a coalition among An­ duced from twenty-five to one. Vir­ from the coast. We had planned to gola's complex array of guerrilla tually the entire leadership of the remain with the Zombo pastor, movements and interest groups to Church in Angola today, was im­ M iguel de Andrade, until after the facilitate granting independence. prisoned by the Portuguese for long Sunday morning service on March Of all Portugal's former colonies periods of time and most experi­ 19th, and Saturday was reserved for Angola has had the most tragic and enced torture. visiting church classes near Ucua. bloody relationship to the colonial Today the United Methodist On Thursday evening and again power. The revolt of African nation­ Church of Angola, under indigenous on Friday, we heard rumors that alists in Angola in 1961 and the and competent leadership, has ap­ Portuguese whites had fled the Uige bloody Portuguese reprisals which proximately 45,000 members who area and military jeeps were head­ followed brought the plight of those hope to play a vital part in building ing north from Luanda, but we did under the control of Europe's last their new nation. (See "The Church not know what had happened. colonial power to the world's atten­ in Angola Bounces Back," January, Saturday started off inauspiciously tion. However, until the April coup 1974 New World Outlook.) At the enough. As we had done all week, there was little hope that Portugal Annual Conference last year, only we began the day with worship at would move to grant self determi­ the second in the Church's history, 6 a.m. Afterward a number of peo­ nation to Africans, despite pleas the United Methodists expressed a ple stayed for prayer, and we spent from organizations such as the strong desire for a democratic gov­ an additional two hours trying to United Nations, the World Council ernment in " a truly free and inde­ bring reconciliation to a father and of Churches, and many church pendent" Angola and rejoiced in the son of the village who had been in bodies in the U.S. and elsewhere. freedom of political prisoners. bitter conflict for some weeks. Protestant Africans in a country As the moment for Angolan in­ We had a quick breakfast at 10 dominated by a reactionary form of dependence approaches, it is im­ a.m. and started somewhat belatedly Roman Catholicism in Europe were portant to remember those Chris­ on our way to Ucua. Several vil­ doubly suspect in the Portuguese re­ tians who passed through "the fiery lagers loaded our Land Rover jeep action in 1961 . The Methodist furnace" that was Angola in 1961. with corn to sell at Cunha e lrmao, Church in Angola, which then had Ed . a large coffee plantation stretching five miles along the road north of

24 [ 76] New World Outlook • February 1975 Ucua. We left them at the plantation store and continued on to th e office of the chefe de posto, the Portu­ guese administrative official in Ucua. Dona Palmira de Andrade, Miguel's wife, wanted to accompany us to Luanda th e next day and needed a pa ss from the chefe to do so , but we were informed that he had been up all night and was as leep. It would be necessa ry to return later. As we came through th e town, we co uld see th at Ucua Was ali ve w ith activity. Trucks were arrivi ng from th e north with Po rtu guese families and th eir goods, and th ere was a large crowd of whites, many arm ed , congrega ted at th e loca l hotel. Andrade as ked me to stop for brea d, which I did rather relu ctantly, since the crowd appeared to be any­ thing but friendly. While Miguel de Andrade and Andre Dias unsuccessfu ll y attempted A cycle of Angolan church to make purchases inside, I went life. A church school in the ove r to a group of Portuguese near village of Colua in northern th e entrance . " What is happening Angola before the revolution here ?" I asked. " I don' t know. I've (opposite page). A generation just come from Luanda," was th e of refugees grew up in the reply. It was obvious that the re­ neighboring country of Zaire (top and bottom). The vigorous sponder knew much mo re but wa s state of the church in Angola reluctant to talk. today is typified by Bishop When th e Angolans returned to Emilio de Carvalho (left). the ca r, we drove off to visit one o t Zomba's classes in an African vi ll age near Cunha's plantation. Th ere was not a sou l to be see n. Men, women and children were ho led up in their houses , in a desperate state of fright. People even refused to engage in th e usual mourning activities fo r th e dea th of a villager th e ni ght before. A se nse of gloom had settled over th e village. After so me pleading, a small group ventured into the little mud cnurch, and we had prayer togeth er; but our suggestion th at a service be held at the home of the bereaved family was vetoed. The ch efe had told th e village rs to stay at home, and they did no t want to do any­ thing to antagoni ze him. Th ey were afraid. , We left and went to anoth er vil­ lage on the other side of Ucua. It was at a distance from town, and th e people see med mo re rela xed . We had a late lunch with th em, fol­ lowed by a worship service in their church and visits to their homes. Th ey were pleased, as were we; and we bega n to forget for a moment th e disturbing eve nts of th e morning. Pastor Miguel de Andrade (in clerical garb) and his wife Palmira (right) at a refugee wedding in Zaire (above). Pastor de Andrade today (below). Pastor Andre Dias (second in line) on an evangelistic safari in Angola in 1960 (opposite page, top). Scene in a village in northern Angola (opposite page, bottom).

About 4 p.m. we sa id our fare­ " You're wrong, Senhor chefe; I've wells and headed back to Cunha's been with those people for a week, plantation. Th e Zombo villagers had and they don' t know what has hap­ not yet sol d their co rn , and the two pened, nor do I. I can't leave now. Angolan pastors entered the store to Senhor Dias and I have our beds and hurry things up. I saw four Portu­ other goods at Zombo. We had guese talking in the saw mill and planned to leave for Luanda tomor­ decided to risk conversation with row." " All right," replied the chefe; them. " What' s happening here?" I " Return to Zombo to collect your asked, as I had done earlier in the things, but I want you out of there morning. " Why don't you ask those before dark. Those villages are going men with whom you are travelling? to be bombed. And when you come They know," was the reply. I pro­ through Ucua on your way to tested: " No, they don't. I've been Luanda, stop at the hotel. I'll be with them for a week, and they waiting for you." don' t know." " Yes , they do," one of We returned to Zombo as quickly the men answered ; and then point­ as possible and informed the people ing his finger at me, he continued : of all that had taken place. Dona " And you know too!" Again I pro­ Palmira cooked some food while we tested: " If I knew, I wouldn't ask gathered our things together. After you." One of the others was more the jeep was packed, we went into conciliatory: " Perhaps he doesn't the Andrade living room for the know." most emotional prayer session I have Just then a jeep pulled into the ever attended. As we prepared to driveway, carrying the chefe and five leave, Palmira still had not made up men with rifles projecting into the her mind what to do with her chil­ air. Th e chefe came over to me and dren. I had told the villagers that began talking rapidly : " You've fin­ anyone wanting to could go with us ished your work in Zombo, and I and that we would face the problem want you to leave immediately for of lack of travel passes on the way Lu anda. That place where you're if necessa ry. Palmira first thought to staying is full of terrorists." I said: se nd Perpeto, her youngest son, and

26 [78] New World Outlook • Feb.-uary 1975 keep the older twin boys with her; but in the end she decided to do just the opposite, sending Austin and Miguel, Jr. with us to Luanda and Quessua. As we were leaving, Palmira ran after the jeep and shouted: "When you get to Quessua, tell my daugh­ ter Branca that I'm dead!" We drove on to Ucua, said farewell to, the chefe at the hotel and pushed on to Luanda. Jeeps were very much in evidence on the way and there was a military roadblock at Caxito, but we were not bothered. When we ar­ rived in Luanda, we were informed for the first time the details of the revolution which had broken out to the north of us. Not long afterward we heard in Quessua that Zombo Macondo and other villages in the Ucua area had been bombed and destroyed, and there was also a rumor that Pastor Andrade had been killed. Fortu­ nately the latter was not true. After our departure, the people fled the village and moved into the deep forest where they built new shelters and dug new gardens. The next time I saw him, in Kin­ shasa, Congo (now Zaire) in August 1964, Miguel de Andrade told me that he and his family had lived in the forest for 18 months prior to risking the difficult trip as refugees to Congo. The journey itself took 45 days, travelling mostly at night. On one shoulder, Andrade carried his Bible and theological books (the most valuable books in the world, I concluded) and on the other shoulder a little girl named Record, who had been born in the forest. I asked the Andrades why they named her Record, with its obvious deriva­ tion from the Portuguese word recordar, meaning ' to remember'. Their reply : " To remember the mercies of God when we were in the forest." •

Th e Rev. Mr. McVeigh is presently a United Method1s t missionary in Kenya . He is author of the recently published God in Africa, Conceptions of God in African Traditional Religion and Chris­ tianity.

New World Outlook • Febru~ry 1975 [79] 27 f yol.l want to needle Duvon C. Duvon Corbitt is interviewed by Ellen Clark I Corbitt, Jr., MD, chief of medical work for the United Methodist Board of Global Ministries, ask him why the Church isn' t putting more emphasis on preventive medicine overseas. The United Methodist Church is by An related to 125 hospitals and count­ less clinics, family planning centers, training and other institutions in more than 50 countries, a heritage of the medical programs started 50 and 100 years ago in areas where no Ounce of health care existed. Institutions range from 600-bed Ludhiana Chris­ tian Hospital in India to tiny well­ baby clinics. In many countries to­ day, health care is more than 30 Prevention percent of the United Methodist mission commitment. As medical costs have soared, church medical programs have found it more and more difficult to care for the indigent (persons who is Hard to can pay nothing average four per­ cent of patient loads worldwide). Faced with increasing health care needs, critics say the Church should put its money and muscle behind Administer " preventive" medicine instead of costly " curative" institutions, which have long been the pride of mission work. Dr. Corbitt says he is all in favor of preventive medicine and that the Church is doing what it can to foster it. Critics who say the Church should be doing more ought to be aware of the obstacles and the expense, he in­ sists. " The people who cry that the Church should get out of curative medicine because of the cost should realize that preventive medicine is zero se lf-supporting." Dr. Corbitt says. " Actually, while medicine is never self-supporting, our Church institutions overseas get 60-80 per­ cent of their support from their own services. The rest comes in the form of governmental, private and foun­ dation subsidies, insurance arrange­ ments with labor unions and com­ panies, and the like. Church money is usually the smallest percentage of support. And increasingly medical work is being transferred to govern­ ment auspices. Prevention Isn't Simple "You hear a lot of loose talk about preventive medicine nowadays," Dr. Corbitt ruminates. "Some young doctors have dramatic visions of sweeping into African villages in their Land Rovers and inoculating everyone against disea,se, saving the day. But the diseases that can be prevented by vaccinations, such as measles and tetanus, are only a small fraction of the illnesses facing the people. " Roughly a third of the illnesses and disabilities people suffer can­ not be prevented with the medicines we have today-I'm talking about things like cancer, diabetes, acci­ dents. "Of the preventable diseases, the overwhelming majority cannot be prevented by means available to the doctor. Here I'm talking about ma­ laria, intestinal parasites, typhoid, malnutrition, parasites that enter through the feet, pneumonia that strikes a child who wakes up in the year to spend for public health. I Community medicine is cold morning with nothing to wear can't stress enough the importance important to the program of Severance Hospital in but a ragged undershirt. of development for health care. " But medical work can't rise more Seoul, Korea (opposite page) "To prevent these, it takes screens as it is in church-related than a bump above the general level for protection against mosquitoes institutions in Montero, and flies, adequate clothing and of national development or it be­ Bolivia, and Vellore, India food, shoes, cement floors in places comes a target. Our programs are (this and following pages). where a certain kind of tick is a criticized if they' re too luxurious, problem, a clean water supply, and and knocked-by their own em­ honest government. It takes money, ployees-if they remain backward. education and employment. It's a dilemma." "Preventive medicine is nothing The problems that plague medical new. The Church worked with gov­ work overseas-poverty, inflation, ernments in the early years of mis­ the population ex plosion, the brain sion to eliminate the great scourges. drain-are familiar. They are aggra­ Dr. Arthur Piper, United Methodist vated in rural areas. missionary in Congo, did pioneering " Professionals of all kinds-doc­ work on schistosomiasis, a parasitic tors, pharmacists, laboratory techni­ disease. cians, nurses-are leaving in droves "We've been teaching people for for the cities," Dr. Corbitt said. " Pre­ 50 years to wash their hands before ventive medicine doesn't operate in eating and to wear shoes. Oh, sure, a vacuum. If medical teams go out there are places in the hinterlands to rural areas and give people check­ where people haven't gotten the ups, there may not be any ade­ message, but most people have been quately staffed clinics nearby to refer taught by now. The people aren't them to for treatment." stupid, they simply don't have the Dr. Corbitt is fairly hard nosed wherewithal. about the problems and he is just as wary about solutions. A number Importance of Development of people, he said, have seized upon "Till the whole economy rises, " the China model" as the solutio n there are limits on the development to the medical needs of the unde r­ of public health. Many countries deve loped countries. While he ap­ have less than $1 per person per plauds China's medical accomplish-

New World Outlook • February 1975 [81) 29 ments, he characteri zes interes t in Chinese medicine as " excessive" which might o r might not survive with time and an unguided tour of China's medical facilities. China's successful dispersal of medical professionals and paramed­ ica l " barefoot doctors" throughout the country could not be duplica ted elsewhere w ithout unpalatable fo rce , he insisted . " I have see n doctors in .a countries ab road unwillingly se rving ti their two years in the vi llage to repay their government education. They are stuck without vehicles and th ey lack any infrastru cture, medica l or otherwise. To th em, village duty is a se ntence and most of the time they do no thing but mark time till they ca n leave. It's a quest ion of motivation."

China and DeBakey What China has done is provide as many people as possible w ith a minimum level of medical ca re, Dr. Corbitt said . But the coroll ary is that the people don' t get ve ry sophisti­ cated treatment. And the paramedics providing treatment are " locked in" at their leve l of special ization, un­ able to readily advance in their coun tries and each has a different times took two yea rs from the time I professions. se tup. In every country where we o rdered equipment till th e time of " What irks me," Dr. Corbitt sa id, operate we ca n only do w hat the delivery. O rders had to go through " is that th e very people pushi ng the government wants. Th e government unbelievable laye rs of burea ucracy, China model want the best treat­ se ts the criteri a for hea lth ca re, both w ithin the Church and the gov­ ment from (Or. Michael) DeBakey accredits people and institutions, ernment. You have to keep th e (Houston heart surgeon) and Mayo ap proves orders fo r equipment, and system in mind w hen you want to (clinic) when their own w ives get so on. We can ' t do anything w ithout change things ." sick." governmental approval. W e ca n of Given th e obstacles, Dr. Co rb itt The complaint about costly med­ co urse offer advice." does have so me ideas o f how the ical advances outstripping the coun­ Dr. Corbitt speaks from experi­ Church ca n help improve hea lth try's general leve l of development ence. W hen he went to Congo (now ca re in the areas in w hich it works. is hea rd in the United States as often Za ire) in 1959 as a United Methodist It is esse ntia l, he sai d, for all medical as overseas, Dr. Corbitt stated . m iss ionary surgeon, he drea med of p rograms to be integ rated into sys­ " I don' t bel ieve in luxury for making grea t changes in medica l te matic nati onal p lans. " It is to th e luxury's sake," he sa id. " But you practice. In the 14 years he spent in credit of our institutions that grea t need leading points of medica l re­ the country he did everything, he st ri des have been made in this direc­ search or there's danger of sta gna­ said, from practicing bush medicine tion," he sa id. tion. If we liste ned to the argument to o rga ni zi ng the faculty of medici ne Through the reso urces of the about the 'elitis t' nature of medicine at the Free Unive rsity of Congo in Hea lth and Welfare Minist ri es Divi ­ 30 yea rs ago, we' d never have peni­ Kisa nga ni and se rving as its first sio n, Dr. Co rbitt fo resees a number ci llin today. In 1941 it cost $3 ,000 dean. But he neve r did anythin g that of ways the Church here ca n help to treat o ne patient w ith the new the government didn' t wa nt done. overseas: supplying audio-visual drug; now it costs two ce nts a shot aids, medica l journ als and pieces of w holesa le." Experience in Congo equipment; sho rt-term exchanges of Returning to the question of " Bas ica ll y the only kind of med­ pe rso nnel; ass istance with trai ning China, Dr. Corbitt sa id that even if icine I've p racticed is sociali zed se minars. Dr. Corbitt's job is to cor­ China has a lot to teach other coun­ med icine," Dr. Corbitt sa id. " In mos t relate the work of Hea lth and Wel­ tries about hea lth care-and he be­ countries, hea lth ca re has been na­ fare M inistri es with the medica l lieves she does-it is impossible for tionalized. But systems of hea lth work of the Worl d D ivision of th e the Church to " export" the model. care vary. You have to operate with­ Boa rd . " The United Methodist Chu rch in the rea lm of the possible. A p riority fo r th e Church, he sa id, has medical work in more than 50 " W hen I was in Congo, it so me- is the train ing of indige nous perso n-

30 [82] New World Outlook • February 1975 nel. The Health and Welfare Min­ volunteer to se rve for short periods istries Division has approved a grant of time overseas. Dr. Corbitt thinks of $16,000 from its Kendall Fund for short-term professionals can be val­ medical training se minars in pathol­ uable " if they serve at the request ogy, cardiology and other distinct of the Church or program overseas courses for African students in Zaire and if they serve at the particu lar and Nigeria. time th e Church req ues ts them." The Church is related to numer­ More important than any political ous nursing schools, especially in or medical system is the people who India, Africa, and the Philippines, work within that system, Dr. Corbitt and these schools train what we in emphasized. " It does n' t matter the the U.S. would call paramedics, co lor of th eir skins or of their pass­ as well as R.N.'s, Dr.· Corbitt said. ports, if they are really devoted . Of " In some countries, it's a luxury to course, it's best if th e people arena­ have anyone carry a bed pan o r tionals. change a bed," he added. " Too often it takes the bayonet or lots of money to ge t people w here Training Support Personnel they' re needed most- I put that Another priority for the Church, crudely to make a point. But I li ke Dr. Corbitt said, is the training of to think that people ca n be motiv­ support personnel-administrators, ated to serve. Isn't that what th e maintenance persons and so on . In Christian faith is all about?" some North African countries there's Dr. Corbitt said proudly that th e not a single technician who ca n re­ church-affiliated medical institutions pair hospital equipment, he said . In have filled "an enormous void" in 1975 the Church wil l assist such many areas and that there have been training programs. many outstanding examples of Chris­ Th e Church can recruit American tian love and concern in health ca re personnel for programs that govern­ given to the " most dise nfranchised." ments decide are important, he said. In the future, the Church shou ld The Board of Global Ministries has give assistance in money and per­ fou nd it almost impossible to recruit so nnel wherever feasible, he sa id. missionary doctors who w ill work " We must be se nsitive to where for any length of time in underde­ we are needed," he sa id, " but care­ veloped areas with low sa laries, in­ fu l to avoid paternalism. Medical adequate medical faci lities, inferior work offers access to al l sectors of schools for their children, and an society and can be used as a channel absence of amenities. for all facets of Christian miss ion. However, many American doctors A great challenge lies ah ead." • An increasingly popular form of mission is short-term volun­ teer service by individuals and local church and conference groups. Is this a healthy trend? What are some of the problems and rewards of this kind of mission? Here are reports by some people who have been involved in a few of these projects. DO'S & DON'TS FOR VOLUNTEER••••••••••••••••• Mary TEAMS Sue and David Lowry nited Methodism's largest North Carolina Conference an­ jurisdiction, the Southeast­ nounced a team for Bolivia they had U ern, is also geographically 34 applications for 13 places. Some closest to the Caribbean and is also teams have gone as far as Africa. close to Latin America, areas to There is now a rich fund of in­ which the Board of Global Ministries formation in the hands of those who relates. This nearness, along with the have participated on do's and don' ts jurisdiction's long-time interest in in short term service. Where the missions, has led in recent years to selection process for team members a trend of sending lay persons and has been careful, and the members ministers on Short Term mission participate in an orientation and teams to those areas in cooperation training program before undertaking with the Board's World Division, their mission, excellent results both National Division, and UMCOR. for the sending and receiving groups Nearly all the sixteen annual con­ have been achieved. ferences of the jurisdiction are plan­ Problems have generally arisen ning to send at least one team to when planning and preparation some area outside the United States were insufficient by either the send­ during 1975. As the coordinating ing or receiving group, or when office for this effort was established communication had not been ade­ only last August, complete records quate between them. The sending do not exist on the amount of work of an advance representative is prob­ carried out by these teams, whose ably the best investment a team stay usually ran ges from ten days to can make. three weeks. However, the benefits Where this had not taken place of the program both to participants there have been " disasters." Som and the host churches are now groups, for instance, have gone at widely recognized, as well as po­ a convenient vacation time for them, tential problems. forgetting that the vacation time The spontaneous "grass roots" wa not the same for their ho ts. desire to be involved is the most This made arrangement very diffi­ important factor in this sort of mis­ cult for the local people and th sion approach. Recently, when the orth Americans sometime got the wrong idea about their hosts' wel­ many si ngle churches in the States. UMCOR, who have established a come of them. Some groups have Great care must be taken to avoid rotation of doctors and para-medical made no alternative plans for bad making a Church overly dependent personnel, all volunteers, to give weather and found themselves with on these teams. continuous attention to a clinic in nothing to do. A lmost all the participants come Haiti. One group brought brand new back as enthusiastic supporters of North American lay persons and ). C. Penney work suits w hi ch st ill the mission program of The United ministers have a great number of had the tags on them. It was un ­ Methodist Church. Well-planned ski ll s w hi ch churches in developing believable to the Lati n Ameri ca ns, team experiences give them the op­ nations need. Many of these ski ll s who worked alongside in o ld cloth­ portunity to observe and participate are needed for a period much ing. The mista ke was further com­ in the li fe and work of the church shorter than the usual missionary pounded when the .Americans pa­ or institution w ith which they are term. Many persons are delighted to tronizingly wanted to leave the work working, beyond the bounds of the make th emse lves available to the suits behind for their hosts, despite specific project in which they are ch urch on a volunteer ba sis, taking the difference in sizes. engaged. Teams wh ich make every advantage of vacation time o r early Another cause of problems is in­ effort to be working with members retirement. They pay their own way adequate preparation by the team of the receiving group, rather than or are helped by their local churches members to live and work together. doing so mething for th em, combine and groups. Organizations such as Too many new experiences at the the experi ences of sha red work, LAOS (a t 4920 Piney Branch Road , same time can cause considerable shared fun and sha red worship in a N.W., Washington, D.C.) help in­ strain. Best results have been re­ lasting concept of " partnership in dividuals find a place to serve. ported by teams that have used their mission." In the Southeastern Jurisdiction hours cf orientation as an oppor­ On the other hand, teams w hich we are seek ing together for more tunity to know each other better. initiate their contacts with individ­ effective ways of givi ng oneself in Those who have been able to under­ uals rather than responsible church mission through volunteer tea ms. stand the abilities and se nsibilities of bodies, risk violating carefully set Many of the A nnual Conferences the other team members have been priorities in favor of so meone's " pet are establishing th eir own coordinat­ supportive in personal cri ses. project." This can be avoided by ing bodies, and the office of Short Host churches in' Latin America using the coordinating office to Term Volunteers in Mission in At­ continue to be eage r to receive learn whom the receiving churches lanta works with th em to develop these teams because of the ski ll s or agencies have designated to new and res ponsible ways to be­ and attitudes the tea ms bring. How­ establish their priorities. come a part of global mission. • ever, North Americans should be A nother shortcoming, more ac ute aware of the risk of overwhelming with medical teams than others, is Mary Sue Lowry, M.D. and Rev. David the Church in Latin America. Meth­ that of a " here today, gone tomor­ Lowry are United Methodist mission­ odist Churches in cou ntries such as row" approach. This problem has aries in Chile currently on furlough in Panama and Cosfa Ri ca have fewer been avoided by the South Carolina Atlanta, Georgia coordinating volunteer members in the entire Church than Conference teams, working with teams. HOME BUILDING IN WISCONSIN ••••••••oickCash Jl fter spending nine months on Dick Cash, director of the ~ a mid-western coll ege campus United Methodist Service during the past two academic Project in Wisconsin last summer, phones one of the years, it has been refreshing the la st church groups involved in the two summers to discover the joys project. Workers and family and agonies of both the hill people members paint and add a new of Kentucky and the native Ameri­ room to the home on the cans of northern Wisconsin. Th ese Lac du Flambeau Indian discovery opportunities ha ve been Reservation (this and following part of the United Methodist Service page). Project-originally the Appalachia Service Project-sponsored by th e

New World Outlook • February 1975 [ 85 ] 33 help each other. Church groups, anywhere from six to sixty-five, come from all across the country to ~ spend a week working on homes and sharing in the lives of the Men­ ominee people. 0 Th ere's a lot of give-and-take within thi s project. We come bear­ ing gifts, but often receive more gifts than we bring. This is a unique op­ I portunity to share with people from a different ba ckground ; to bridge gaps we oftentimes don't have the opportunity to bridge. We receive, at especially from the children, count­ thr less gifts of love. Un Repair jobs in clude all kinds of COi lea Board of Disc iples hip and Union work- roofing, plumbing, putting up dry walls, building steps, porches, Coll ege of Barbourville, Kentucky. vie A summer of mee ting people who sheds; installing window glass, and painting. The work is done for elder­ th are struggling for their everyday la1 ex istence and meeti ng other people ly people, widows, or for people w ho in o ne way or another are in­ ro w ho don't know w hat strugg ling w' means-and then mixi ng th e people ca pacitated. We work on every kind of home imaginable. We go where e together to share a week of swea t­ te ing, singi ng, building, crying, hoping people nee d us. Je and forming lasting relationships­ While on the job, the worker's day begins at 7 a.m . with devotions, has given me the very real chance ab to see God in people and their ac­ breakfast, and loading the day's sup­ Ki tions. plies. The actual work day runs from ha The project was the drea m of the 8 :30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Seminars follow VE Rev. Glen " Tex" Evans, staff person dinner. Workers share the day's lo for the Board of Disc ipleship. Five expe riences, sing, and hear com­ yea rs ago he took a handful of peo­ munity people speak. pl e, money and supplies, and began We had 265 people in six weeks working on houses in poverty­ on the Lac du Flambeau Reservation stricken regions of Kentucky. The and the Menominee Reservation, project has been one of the most working on 38 houses. For people rap idly expanding ideas in the wa nting a badly needed service this church- growing from about 300 means new roofs, new porches, new participants just four years ago to paint jobs, sheet-rock, or rooms over 2700 thi s past summer. Pros­ added. All money for supplies was rects for the upco ming summer are either donated by individuals or for about twice as many participants brought in by the work groups. In working in nine sta tes 1 addition each worker paid $25 for Centers in four states were in room and board. Thirteen church operation las t summer: the inner groups from eight states partici­ city of Ft . Smi th , Arkansas; the rural pated. area of North Carolina near Bay­ In Wisconsin the project will be boro ; five centers in Kentucky (Bar­ operatin g again next summer. One bourville, Manchester, Pippa's Pass , outcome of the project is the hope Columbia and Cumberland Gar) ; that there will be more interaction and th e two ce nters in northern Wis­ between the service project and co nsin of which I was the director: agencies in the Indian community Lac du Flambeau Rese rvation and that are doing similar work. the Menominee Rese rvation. The God's active ministry is alive and 2700 participants repaired 410 well in United Methodist Service homes. Project-with over 15 possible cen­ The idea is to help people who ters being lined up for next sum­ don't have the re so urces to help mer.• themselves. Rooted in our Christian Mr. Cash, a student at Northwestern faith is the belief that everyone is University, is a member of the Board our brother and sister, that we are of Directors of the Board of Global all children of God, and called to Ministries.

34 [86] New World Outlook • February 1975 AN 6) OREGON DOCTOR IN LIBERIA--OlgaFreeman

"The lives of the Liberian people work at an overseas medical mis­ at Ganta are much improved sion. He thought he might be helpful through the mission efforts of the in his specialty of general and chest United Methodist Church," is the surgery. As it turned out he did very conclusion of Dr. Glenn Gordon, a little surgery since oxygen is not leading surgeon of Eugene, Oregon. available and only spinal anesthesia Dr. Gordon volunteered his ser­ is used . His presence did allow a vices last February for a month at much needed vacation for one of the hospital in Ganta, 200 miles in­ the mission doctors. land from the capital city of Mon­ The hospital is staffed by three rovia. He was accompanied by his doctors. Dr. Wilfred Boayue, a Li­ wife Sue, President of Church Wom­ berian, is the superintendent. He is en United in Eugene, and their two assisted by Dr. Paul Getty, an Ameri­ teenage daughters, Becky, 13, and ca n and chief surgeon, and Dr. Ainer Jenny, 14. Sands from Sweden. The hospital The opportunity to serve came consists of 70 beds with separate about through the Rev. Robert facilities for men and women. Kingsbury, formerly of Eugene, who Dr. Gordon's time was spent had visited Ganta while at the uni­ most ly in the clinic. It was always versity in Monrovia. Dr. Gordon had crowded and yet only patients in for some time wanted to see and excru ciating pain came. Among the tions does the mother come to the the hospital, and often it is then too late. the ( Dr. Gordon was interested in a technique used to deliver babies If! with unusually large heads and one daj which he had not seen in the United wo States. Known as symphysectomy it par [ consists of cutting the cartilage con­ necting the frontal bones, spreading by them apart, and drawing the baby am out with a suction cup. cafi There are a number of educa­ be tional programs. A nine-grade ed school has resident hostels for boys of and girls who come from a distance. car An adult literacy program is under ic the direction of Mildred Black who th has been at the mission 32 years. on When she first arrived from the hi United States, there was no road . mi So she walked from Monrovia to Canta and it took her two weeks. A a pa ssable road is now in use as well so as the mission airplane for more tia convenient transportation. A voca­ stc tional workshop teaches furniture co making and other skills. fac The Methodist church at Canta is housed in an attractive stone building among palm and shade trees. It has a Liberian pastor and is Dr. Glenn Gordon volunteered a month's service at the mission hospital at Ganta, well attended. An outstanding choir Liberia. Ma Fanta (upper right) interpreted for him on his hospital rounds. Mrs. is led by Dr. Getty's wife, Betty. Gordon and her daughters conducted a vacation Bible school (previous page). There is an active women's organiza­ tion . At each monthly meeting the common maladies treated were ma­ mothers how to keep their babies women report on their visits to the laria, worms, pneumonia, dysentery healthy. In practice, however, the sick, wakes held, food and gifts and diarrhea. On his hospital rounds mothers are more apt to bring their brought to families of bereaved, and he w as accompanied by a remark­ sick babies for treatment. Fourteen sitting with ill children at the hos­ able Liberian woman, Ma (a title well-baby clinics are conducted by a pital. of respect) Fanta. She acted as his registered nurse from Sweden in and Chapel services are held each interpreter and as importantly car­ around Canta. She goes in her jeep morning at the hospital for members ried a bar of soap with which he to each of the jungle villages at of the staff and at the church for could wash his hands after each least every other week; she teaches other compound workers. These are examination. She was also the com­ mothers how to better care for their conducted by the Liberians. Short munion stewardess at church. The babies; sne counsels pregnant wom­ devotions are also held at each of Cordons vividly recall seeing her en ; and she examines infants and the out-lying well-baby clinics. carrying a stack of communion trays gives inoculation shots. Mrs. Gordon and her daughters on her hea d as she took them home The mission has a three-year found ways of participating in the to w as h th e glasses. school of nursing with more male culture of the Liberians. They con­ Ir. addition to the hospital, the than female students among the 30 ducted a week's vacation Bible Canta District of the United Meth­ enrolled. To enrol, each student school for 65 children. Mrs. Gordon odist Church maintains a number of must be a high school graduate. commented, "It took considerable other facilities. " At the Rehabilita­ Loretta Gruver is the director and ingenuity as most of the children tion Center for the control of she is assisted by Vera Hughlett, an­ spoke no English, only their tribal leprosy," Dr. Getty says, " we are other American nurse. language, and no interpreter was seeing modern-day miracles taking A school for mid-wives, con­ present. By the use of flannelgraphs place. Many of the lame can walk ducted by Dr. Sands' wife Christine, and play acting we were able to tell aga in, oth ers regain the use of their serves an important function. Since the Bible stories quite effectively." hands or eyelids, and the cured can most deliveries are at home and by The girls found ways of being use­ return to normal life." The successful mid-wives, to improve their skills is ful. They helped at the clinic and control program is lessening the to reduce the mortality rate which hospital-counting pills, typing, drea d and stigma of the disease. in the past has approximated 50 per mimeographing and playing their A well-baby clinic seeks to teach cent. Only if there are complica- guitars and recorders to entertain

36 [88] New World Outlook • February 1975 the women on their long waits at the well-baby clinic. One custom Sue found amusing. (ft\AN EYE CLINIC If the parishioners thought the Sun­ day sermon was a bit too long, they would start singing to the accom­ ~g IN HAITI paniment of drums and shakers. Hal H. Crosswell, Jr. Dr. Gordon was much impressed by Dr. Boayue. "He is a prime ex­ ample of what a mission can do." He came to the hospital as a child to early two years of preparation while actual surgery was performed be treated for yaws. He stayed to be N went into a two month pro­ in Jeremie itself. During the tw o educated in the school and dreamed gram last April and May in which months approximately 2,000 patients of becoming a doctor. His dream eye doctors from South Carolina were seen and treated at the clinic came true. He graduated from med­ gave short term service in Jeremie, and there were 76 eye operations, ical college in the United States. His Haiti. mostly for cataracts. The physicians three years of general residency and The entire program, which was noticed a high incidence of glau­ one of tropical specialization made carried out with the cooperation of coma, cataracts and pterygiums. Re­ him unusually well equipped to the United Methodist Committee on ferrals by local Haitian physicians minister to his own people. Relief, was made possible through enabled those patients with the most While the Cordons were in Ganta, generous donations by individuals, urgent eye problems to be seen first. a party of 15, largely medical per­ groups, churches and drug com­ Care of the patients requiring ~onnel , from a group of 150 Chris­ panies. The program was coordi­ further treatment after the comple­ tians who were visiting Liberia, nated in Haiti by the Rev. Alain tion of the program was left in the stopped for a week at the mission Rocourt, General Superintendent of hands of Dr. Jean Baptiste. Also, a compound. While it strained the the Haitian Methodist Church. On local ophthalmologist from Port-au facilities to provide them with food the spot help in Jeremie was given Prince, the capital, was scheduled and lodging, they performed many by Rev. Edward Holmes, an English for later visits to the remote city of useful services. One, a dentist, in­ Methodist minister who is fluent in Jeremie. structed on teeth extraction (filling Creole, and Mr. and Mrs. Richard The ophthalmologists from South teeth is unknown). An optometrist Challandes, who head the Method­ Carolina, an interdenominational fitted glasses from the large donated ist Rural Rehabilitation Project on group, travelled to Jeremie at their supply on hand. Two ophthalmol­ the outskirts of Jeremie and who own expense and worked for two ogists, assisted by an anesthetist, did came from Switzerland. weeks in the clinic and hospital. a number of operations for cataract, The out-patient eye clinic was lo­ Those who participated were Drs. a common affliction. An orthopedist cated in a new medical facility at E. Darrell Jervey, of Greenvilte; R. E. was much interested in the native the Rural Rehabilitation Project, Livingston, 111 , of Newberry; Hunter bone doctor (a bestowed title) who had learned his technique from his Opthalmologist from Sovth Carolina examines patient in eye clinic in new father and expected to teach his medical building at Jeremie, Haiti. son . One member of the group, declar­ ing that he had no skills to offer, was put to work sharpening the medical instruments. The Cordons had brought a scissors sharpening ma­ chine with them after learning that one was badly needed. The Cordons were impressed by how far the Liberians had come in running the hospital and the other facilities. Improved public health, sanitation and nutrition are needed, however. While the people seem to have enough to eat, he saw many children with spindly legs, distended stomachs and orange hair, all signs of a lack of protein. The Cordons are pleased with the missionary efforts as seen in Ganta. The message they would convey is the same as that of St. Paul to the Galatians, " Let us not grow weary in well-doing." • R. Stokes, of Florence; Carl A. Green, of Columbia, and myself. Related to this volunteer effort is a program called Share-A-Pair, be­ gun about a year earlier. Through this program approximately 15,000 pairs of useful glasses were collected in South Carolina and about 6,000 had already been sent to Haiti for the initial program. AC For the visitation program this year, the team plans to extend the time to sixteen weeks and improve the screening procedures so that more patients can be see n. The most significant factor in the ur expectations were more program's success was perhaps the than fulfilled in the 1974 welcome the Haitians gave the doc­ 0 Holston Mission to Costa tors. All of the staff at the clinic and Rica . The team leaders saw this mis­ hospital in Jeremie were most co­ sion as a unique opportunity to test operative and helpful in every way. our theory of the oneness of Chris­ The cooperative nature and grati­ tian mission as compared with the tude of the patients made work in frequent conflict there has sometimes the clinic and hospita l a most re ­ been in the church between social warding one for all of the doctors. concerns and evangelism. We saw It is difficult to describe the self­ both of these elements as part of the satisfaction gained by participation sa me purpose of Christ. in a program such as this. This has Correspondence with missionary certainly been echoed by all those friends and Costa Rica lay people who have participated, along with had indicated their hopes that we a feeling that their lives and values might bring a special team in 1974. have been influenced in a beneficial When I went in August of 1973 to way. • meet with the " Junta General," the General Board of The Methodist Hal H. Crosswell, Jr ., M .D., is an oph­ Church in Costa Rica , to discuss thalmologist in Columbia , So uth Caro­ lina . with them what help we could pro­ vide through such a team, they identified such needs as dentistry se rvice to iso lated rural areas, health care instructions, teaching sewi ng, church building construction, and special evangelistic services. Responding to these needs, we recruited a team of persons whose skills could be put to specific use in ministry. Though we all worked hard, we did not call this a "work mission" because it was more. We did not call it " evangelistic" because th e purpose was more inclusive. We called it a " Mission to the total per­ son" and as we advertised, we used the title "Short-term Volunteer Ser­ vice Mission." The Costa Rican Church was not ab le to fund the project, so team members were required to provide for their own expenses. In several cases individuals and groups helped to subsidize the enterprise. The building of a church was approved as an Advance Special by the Board of Global Ministries and a number of churches directed all RENCE TEAM IN COSTA RICA ..lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll J.N.Howard

or part of their Lenten Offering to 74 new commitments to Christian the project. The Reverend Charles faith recorded. Burnett and a group of interested lay A careful follow-up of new con­ persons provided plane rides over verts is made by the Church in Costa the Knoxville-Smokey Mountain Rica. They must submit to three to foothills to raise funds for the proj­ six months probation which includes ect. training and examination. Only then Prayer vigils for the teams were are they brought into membership. participated in by a number of In evaluation of the experience a churches. The team members from minister remarked, " In speaking some churches were commissioned through an interpreter I realized that by their congregations at a worship J had to depend totally on the un­ service. encumbered value of the simple The team members dispersed message of Christ." A lay person throughout the entire country upon said, " I was impressed by the joy their arrival there. the people express in their worship." At the conclusion of their eight Another noted that, " .. . to be able days in the country of Costa Rica the to help in some small way in this two dental teams had seen 334 pa­ mission for Christ has been the tients, had extracted 833 teeth ; the greatest experience of my life. I feel two sewing teams had taught 132 I can be more effective for Christ persons in daily classes ; one nursing in my home church." team had treated 265 patients as It was the conclusion of our team well as leading classes in health that, in the eyes of th Costa Rican care ; the construction crews had be­ people, our evangelistic emphasis gun a new church building near the explained the "why" of our social city of San Jose, and had renovated concerns and that our social con­ and made additions to the parson­ cern gave credence to our evangel­ ages of two missionary families. ism . As a director of the mission, I The objectives for the mission to feel such an effort is invaluable in Costa Rica were to help the team establishing communication be­ members to become more knowl­ tween peoples, providing much edgeable about the mission of the needed services, skills, and witness church in Central America ; to par­ and giving North American people ticipate directly in the ministry of a first-hand experience of mission so sharing, teaching, preaching and that they return to their homes with healing with persons in another a much broader understanding of country; to share in the joy of a the purpose of world involvement saving relationship with Jesus Christ. with people. Having participated in All team members helped in the other similar missions, I find the evangelistic services with lay mem­ people who return from these mis­ Volunteers from Cleveland, bers giving their personal witness sions become key persons in local Tennessee helped construct a church and taught sewing in of faith through spoken word and churches in the stimulation of Chris­ Costa Rica during a 1974 tian outreach at home and abroad. • music and pastors preaching with short-term mission. aid of interpreters. These services, The Rev. Mr. Howard, Co-Director of held in churches and in rural or the 1974 Holston Miss ion to Cos ta banana farm communities where no Rica , is pastor of Wesle y M emo rial church buildings exist, were at­ United Methodist Church in Cleveland, tended by 7,650 people. There were Tennessee.

New World Outlook • February 197S [ 9 1] 39 For six sweaty hours we back­ rn1 packed through the muddy Bolivian hif jungle. Shortly before dark, we lar arrived in the small, thatched-hut ar1 village of Piral. o~ Yellow fever had killed people in to nearby parts, so we had come to th vaccinate against the disease. As part of a Methodist organized vac­ hi •••••••••••••••1Roy H.May ,Jr . cination campaign, our team was fu one of several that on a Saturday nE morning headed for the small vil­ kr VACCINATIONS lages that form the heart of Bolivia's in eastern lowland colonies. re With me were two members of a tr North Carolina United Methodist w IN BOLIVIA ta work team, Billy Hodge, a Red Cross professional, and David Nichols, a high school senior, both of Raleigh. Early Sunday morning we began q vaccinating. David mixed the vac­ h cine and Billy gave the shots. I b helped Mat, the local priest, get the SI people together and served as Billy's I\ and David's interpreter. The colonists helped too. Several n set up the tables. The school teacher t registered the people. Another col­ onist rubbed arms with antiseptic, and others kept order. It was like a fiesta day. Many dressed in their colorful "Sunday Best. " We laughed and talked. Chil­ dren ran and played amid barking dogs and crying babies. But we quickly discovered that we had not been given liquid to mix nearly enough vaccine. After vac­ cinating only 50 or 60 people, we had to stop. Disappointment and anger welled up in our emotions. How do you tell people they can't be vaccinated? They too felt frustration. For them something always frustrated the fu­ ture. In 1974 a work team from the West­ We were wondering what to do ern North Carolina Conference of when Cesar, a colonist, offered to The United Methodist Church went make the long, hard trip back to our to Bolivia . The team went at the in­ headquarters in San Pedro. Our time vitation of the Bolivia Methodist schedule was very limited, but he Church and worked in the San Pedro said he could be back early enough area, as requested by the church. for us to finish vaccinating before The team was coordinated by Mrs. having to leave. Julia Williams Bixon, former United Mat explained to everyone what Methodist missionary to Bolivia. For had happened and that we would a year prior to their trip, the team continue vaccinating the next day. did extensive reading and prepara­ Those who lived far away we agreed tion. A year earlier a team from the to meet at a certain colonist's home conference had gone to the Chapare on the way out. region of Bolivia. The unexpected free afternoon • • • gave us the opportunity to learn something about colony life. Since the mid-1950's the govern- ment has endeavored to relocate too. For their children educational highland people to the eastern low­ opportunities are severely limited. lands, thereby opening a vast new In Piraf, for example, the cane and area to agriculture and hopefully thatch, single room schoolhouse, offering a genuine economic future with its one teacher, provides only to thousands of Bolivians trapped in the first two grades. And as in the the inhospitable Andes Mountains. rest of Bolivia, there are no books. The colonization program hardly Nor is there anything for adults, has met the dreams of secure new most of whom can't read or write futures. Since most colonists have and who speak only Quechua, an never lived in jungle lowlands, they indigenous language quite different know nothing about living and farm­ from Spanish. ing in the tropics. There are few In addition, the work itself is very resources or programs to help their hard. All labor is done by machete transition. Much of the Methodist and shovel. The jungle is cleared by work in the area is geared to facili­ hand and fire. Crops are sown tating that change. among fallen tree trunks. The har­ The colonists find themselves vest, mainly rice and sugar cane, also caught in a vicious circle of inade­ is by hand. quate food, malnutrition, poor Compounding the difficulties of sang, and gave thanks. health, hard physical labor weak farming is that supplies are available By mid-morning the next day, bodies can ' t match, and resulting only in towns several miles away Cesar was back with the liquid. small harvests and low incomes­ over rough roads or trails. During By noon we had finished vacci­ which begins the circle again . the rainy season colonies like Piraf nating and had started on the trail. Health is a major factor. All after­ are completely cut-off from vehicle An hour later we met the rest of the noon the people of Pirai brought traffic because of mud and floods. colonists, and vaccinated another 50 their medical problems to Billy. As No colonist owns a truck, but when a first aid specialist he could clean the road is dry at least supply trucks or so people. In all over 150 of Piraf's 200 col­ and bandage infected sores and ex­ can enter and others can pick up onists were vaccinated. plain how to care for them. the harvest. We had to walk the 13 We left tired, but relaxed. For the In the colonies insect bites espe­ miles of sticky mud, sometimes to moment, a crisis had been averted. cially are prone to infection. Many our knees, only twice (in and out), On the way out we talked about insects deposit an egg under the but the colonist has to do it when­ what it would mean for us to live skin which develops a larva and, ever he need~ to leave. in an isolated jungle village where consequently, a sore. There are myri­ But even when he is in town, he each day meant a struggle for mere ads of mosquitoes whose bites can can 't buy because he doesn't have survival. Gradually the words of become ihfected, and which also cash or credit. With an average in­ Jesus came to us, " He has sent me carry the threat of diseases like yel­ come of $100 a year, money is the to preach the Good News to the low fever. constant problem. The prices the poor ... to proclaim liberty . .. to After seeing and talking with the colonist receives for his goods re­ set free the oppressed . . . to an­ people, statistics compiled by Meth­ main constant, but inflation spirals. nounce the year when the Lord will odist rural workers came alive. For Always present are the human sa e his people." In the context of instance, 75 percent of all colonists problems of divisiveness, greed and Piraf we knew those words meant have deficient diets, with the result jealousy, and the inability to plan for something physical, social, econom­ that 44 percent miss 30 days of the future. There also are dishonest ic, political, as well as spiritual. work each year due to illness. In­ bureaucrats and large landowners As we walked back we realized fant mortality spirals to 200 deaths who make it difficult for the colon­ our task as Christians is far more per 1000 births, and deaths of older ists ever to obtain legal title to their than just meeting immediate crises children are common. In Pirai a farms. or doing simple acts of charity. We twelve-year-old boy had died of an Nevertheless, in spite of the diffi­ I j knew that our task was to work at intestinal infection only a few weeks culties, people still come hoping to the root-changing social, political, before we came. For the colonist carve a new future. To help make and economic structures that op­ cancer and heart disease are luxury that future, the Methodist Church press, are unresponsive, and keep diseases. For him the number one is actively involved in church exten­ people in bondage to the sins of killer is diarrhea. sion, rural development, and health others. Likewise, respiratory ailments are projects. We could not help asking our­ common. An extremely high per­ That night the people wanted to selves, " What does it mean to be have a worship service. Here Roman centage have active or latent tuber­ a Christian, especially a Christian Catholics and Protestants worship culosis. from an affluent nation, in our For the people of Piraf, as in so together in the schoolhouse. De­ world today?" For us, Pirai put that many other places, the only avail­ nominational separation is a luxury question into a new context. • able medical help is the priest with they can't afford. Usually the priest his big first aid kit. preaches, but tonight they asked Mr. Ma y is a United Methodis t mis­ The colonists face other problems me. Together we worshiped, prayed, sionary in Bolivia.

New World Outlook • February 1975 [93] 41 could accept the Korean students as persons without being turned off by the difference in manner of expres­ sion. At the same time they were committed enough to demand that JAPAN the Korean students make the same effort in relation to them as persons. John Krummel, a United Methodist mis­ That evening I knew the study tour sionary to Japan , Jed a group of six stu­ was a success. dents from Ayoma Cakuin University in Tokyo on a Korea Study Tour. He de­ scribes a meeting of the Japanese with students of the Korean Student Chris­ tian Federation.

The Korean students opened the BRAZIL meeting with frank and emotional "] "How beautiful upon the moun­ expressions of their deep anti-Japan­ a tains are the feet of him that bring­ ese feelings, bringing up incidents ti eth good tidings." This verse in out of the past thousand-plus years ti Isaiah always makes me think of 77- that have taught them to be wary of year-old Sr. Joao Gois. When he the Japanese. One young man car­ retired from the steel mill several ried with him a copy of a typically years ago, he bought a small house cheap and vulgar Japanese weekly on the edge of town. There was no magazine and said that it repre­ church in this area, so he suggested sented all that he despised about Central Church start a Sunday contemporary Japanese culture and school in his home. The neighbor­ its decadent materialism. He said he hood was invited to attend and soon would like to burn it in a public a small but enthusiastic Sunday demonstration but was restrained by school was underway. Two years fear of being arrested. (I learned ago a Methodist donated a lot in later that he had already spent time this neighborhood and the church in prison for his participation in stu­ began raising funds to build a small dent demonst rations.) chapel. FROM The Japanese students did not sit No one worked harder at the task in embarrassed silence this evening. than Sr. Joao Gois. Because his re­ however. They spoke frankly, ex­ tirement pension is small and his pressing their own feeling of frustra­ invalid wife needs expensive medi­ U) tion at having come in good will cation, he makes a little extra in­ only to be confronted with rejection come selling bread from house-to­ because of things in the past over house. Carrying flower sacks filled which they had no personal control with fresh hard rolls (a Brazilian a: and things happening in the present breakfast essential), he walks a total which they also questioned. They of ten miles a day. Besides faithfully admitted the reality of the history of contributing his tithe, it is his cus­ I.I.I Japanese atrocities against Korea, ac­ tom to set aside a regular sum for cepted the Korean feeling about it, church construction from his bread and recognized their own inade­ money. Out of this he paid for a t­ quate knowledge of Korea. How­ thousand bricks, several loads of ever, they challenged the Korean sand and made more than one con­ students to rise above a distorted tribution of $25 in cash. t­ image of Japan and to enter into The Sunday school which had dialogue with them in an effort to quite outgrown Sr. Gois' home I.I.I seek mutual understanding and to moved to the unfinished chapel a find a way into the future. year ago. The building was finally The air was cleared and from that completed this year. No one was -1 point the students were able to en­ happier at the dedication service ter into substantive discussion. It than Sr. Joao. How beautiful indeed became clear to me as I listened to are the feet of those who use them that discussion that my students had in God's service. digested the content of their orie~­ The James Edwin Tims Family tation in Japan and thus far in Korea, and that they had recovered They are United Methodist miss!onaries from their initial culture shock. They working in church development tn Volta had come to the point where they Redonda, R. J., Brazil. - - - - IJDCIOC CCCJCIJCDC OC COCtn:" ~ ONCE UPON A TIME, GOD.... by - - Thomas Howard. Philadelphia and ~ New York, 1974: A. J. Holman Co. lltHtlC:S (Lippincott), 114 pages, $4.50.

~..._ ~ .... ~ - Much in the spirit and the format of co, ~~·~~~ C. S. Lewis, the author of this volume DI - a Ph.D. from New York University, ..._ ~..._ and a professor of English at Gordon College, Massachusetts-presents a dia­ RELEASE is a documentary about a logue between a modem skeptic and a woman who has just spent four years in ... ~ believer in the "ancient fa ith" of the prison. Carrie, a beautiful and vibrant Christian churches. o biblical or theo­ Mexican-American, was a prostitute, drug TO BARBARA WITH LOVE, by Joan logical question is avoided : there are addict, shoplifter and bank robber. Once "on the outs ide," she's luckier than most Bel Geddes. Garden City, N.Y., 1974: fresh and dynamic restatements of life, ex-offenders: she temporarily lives in, Doubleday and Co., 150 pages, $4.95. death, sin, love, salvation, redemption, and gets rehabilitation help from, Hori­ The author has sub-titled her volume, and faith, in the form of the skeptic's zon House in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a "Prayers and reflections by a believer for ques tions and doubts, and the affirm a­ halfway house supported by Church a skeptic." Originally the book was writ­ tions of the early church-the "main Women United and community groups. ten in the form of letters and brief medi­ line of Christian belief and teaching." Release shows the enormous difficulties tations, observations, as well as prayers Most of the answers are acceptable to the woman ex-offender must cope with. to give courage, patience, hope, and faith most to the major church groups of to­ There are moving scenes when Carrie re­ to the author's sister who was in need day. joins her children, who have been living For example: when the Believer of comfort and spiritual help and guid­ in foster homes, and promises to try to affirms "Love is no mere matter of giving ance during a long and severe illness of make a better life fo r them. There is a in a bit here, of being kind or generous her husband. The thesis of the writing poignant scene when Louise, another now and again-or even of being gen­ is that one's faith is sustained and resident of Hori zon House, confid es that erally decent. It's nothing less than being strengthened when deepest questions and her children hate her. In an interesting made over completely--dying and rising doubts are faced and frankly admitted "rap" session at the House, the women again. The demand of Love is just that­ and considered instead of being re­ quite naturally talk about the tempta­ the utter going out of myself. It's what pressed. It is a volume on how to pray tions to lapse back into alcoholism and to0k Jesus Christ to the cross, and what and the rationale behind prayers. drug addiction and they support each will take a man to the cross," the follow­ Related observations, reflections, and other in fi ghting the old habits. ing dialogue takes place: prayers are grouped into brief chapters Release also shows the great value of Skeptic: Wait. I'm not going to be entitled: needing help and asking for the halfway house in helping women crucified. it; speculating about prayer and about with clothes, confidence, employment, Believer: Then you will never begin to faith; trying to accept the existence of and friendships. Through the House, know what Love is. pain and of suffering; thinking about the Carrie gets a good job, one that can sup­ S. That's absurd. They don't crucify meaning if any of life and death; wonder­ port her and the children. people any more, for one thing; and for ing if there is a God and, if so, what he's There is no narrator in the film and another, why should knowing what Love like; hoping to find peace and even joy. Carrie's thoughtful reflections are the is involve anything so ghastly as crucifix­ Something of the author's philosophy unifyi ng thread. She speaks bitterly and freshness of expression may be ion? about prison life, but she repeatedly de­ B. Because the breakdown between us gleaned from her reflection on life and nies that she was a victim of circum­ and perfect Love was so deep and so death: stances. (When she was a child, her utter that no half-way measure will mend "Before I was conceived I could never mother was ill and her father was in it. No band-aids or Scotch tape will do possibly have conceived of this world. jail. ) Someone or something with far, far great­ the trick. To begin in the way toward At the end, as Carrie joyfully dances er power and knowledge of life processes perfect Love is to embrace the cross­ at a party, she is off to a new start. No than I have, brought me (and everything to know the experience of utter death­ one makes any claims that she will suc­ else that's here) into this world .... death to my whole claim to independ­ ceed. But her sense of responsibility and "So maybe when we die it's a similar ence, which is the root of evil in me. her resilience are obvious assets. process : another birth. We aren't con­ Pride. That is what lies at the root of The 16 mm, 28-minute color film was sulted about the time or manner of our cupidity. That is what tries to dethrone made fo r Church Women United by exit, and the process is frightening and God, and muscles past the other guy, Susanne Szabo Ros tock and Lauren Stell uncomfortable, and we don't want to and builds Babylon, which is hell, really. with a grant from the Lilly Endowment. leave the world we know for one that The cross was where the other principle The film is accompanied by a 20-page we can't imagine. But maybe people who -the Love of God-was enacted and guide, written by Cynthia Owen Philip, are dying are not the victims of a cruel displayed for us and we have to go that which gives fu rther information on Car­ and senseless fate and are merely being way. There is no halfway measure. rie and Horizon House, discussion ques­ moved on toward a glorious new life. I'm Once Upon a Time, God . ... can be tions, ideas for assisting offenders and certainly not certain, but maybe! heartily recommended not only to skep­ ex-offenders and their fa milies, and infor­ "Maybe death is a transition point in­ tics and those who would hold dialogue mation about prison release programs stead of a final ending- an introduction with unbelievers, but to the Christian which Church Women United groups to a new phase or stage.. .. Maybe there who would reconsider his faith's founda­ assist. Community re-entry for women is something real though invisible in us tions in an age when everything is being prisoners is one of the program emphases (lots of invisible things are real-love, questioned. There is much here also for of the national Church Women United. for instance!) that survives the loss of the casual readers, the minister, the Release is available for rental ( $30 our bodies and goes to a place we can't preacher, and the teacher of religious plus $3 shipping fee) from Odeon Films, yet see." values. Inc. 1619 Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10019. w. w. REID W.W.R. E.C.

New World Outlook • February 1975 [95] 43 WHY NOT A MISSION EXCHANGE? on the scene with emergency relief in the wake For the last few years there has been a strong of the violent hurricane in Honduras and mon­ emphasis within The United Methodist Church soon floods in Burma. to increase mission support and mission giving. It will require extraordinary contributions, The church had reached a point where some by governments and individuals, to enable mi sionaries were being sent home. Inflation ,______. UNICEF to ·help millions of hungry and sick and other factors created havoc with the total children in the poorer countries in the years mission effort. ahead. Many of our churches and schools are The one person who should know the most looking for imaginative ideas to combine fund about the mission program never has a first­ our good points. There are thousands of them. raising and education in group projects that wi ll hand experience with the product he supports. Stop pointing out every fault. I would not help our youngsters, who may never have Our Bishops visit a mission field every four complain of the manner food is handed to me missed a meal in their lives, to understand years and report back on mission activities. At if I were starving. what hunger really means. Here are some that this time special projects are considered for MRS. J . A. ROBERTSON have been particularly effective. support. There are missionaries who are invited Smith Center, Kansas Dramatize the difference between the world to speak in local churches when they are on of U ICEF's children and our own by holding furlough. But is it not time to have exchanges A PH YSICIAN'S RECORD OF DYING a starvation banquet. Prepare a simple meal of between local church pastors, and missionaries In the September issue ( Moving Finger ri ce and beans, served with water or tea. Let on the fi eld? If this could be done by a local Writes ), you reported on a video tape record your imagination work-the unique character pastor only once in ten years, as a part of a of the death of a physician who left a record of such a "banquet" lends itself to local pub­ rotation system, it could have a lasting effect. of his feelings and attitudes for six weeks be­ licity. There have been pastoral exchanges with Amer­ fore his death. A variation is the feast or famine banquet. ican and British, American and Irish pastors. When I teach a graduate seminary seminar Besides the simple meal of rice and beans, pre­ This has made a greater scope and vision to on "Death, Dying and Grief" every two years, pare a second menu of richer foods (roast beef, the church. Why not exchanges of pastors and I invite in people who are in the process of vegetable, potatoes, gravy, etc.). The partici­ mission personnel? dying, usually from cancer, and families who pants are divided by lot, one-third receiving This could have many benefits. A local pas­ have recently lost a loved one, usually in con­ the rich meal and the other two-thirds served tor going into the mission field for a short pe­ junction with their pastor. I believe that it is the rice and beans. The interchanges between riod would probably take gifts with him on possible to respect the dignity of such persons the "haves" and the "have-nots" are an ex­ behalf of his parish. He would do much as was and at the same time involve seminary stu­ cellent way to bring home the disparity in the done in Biblical times when Paul brought an dents in the real living experience of death world's living standards. It can be further offering with him back to Jerusalem. The local and grief. dramatized by serving the "haves" at a table church would have the great benefit of the DR. JoHN M . VAYHlNGER while the others are seated on the floor. The presence of a missionary serving as a local Professor of Psychology and Pastoral Care same price or contribution should apply to all pastor for two or three months. The returned Anderson School of Theology participants. missionary would make missions live in the Anderson, Indiana Among the many other ways volunteers have minds and the hearts of the local congregation. found to enhance public awareness and fund Too often a missionary is in the local church HELP IN THE SEARCH raising for UNICEF are food fairs, bake sales, for one evening, he tells his story and leaves. I should like to receive a copy of the annual rock concerts, car washes, recycling cans or This is like having Race Relations Sunday, and Index mentioned in the September issue of bottles, walkathons, cyclethons-the list is long forgetting to love our neighbors the rest of the New World Outlook, and should like to be and growing. The important thing is that some­ year. put on the mailing list to receive the Index one cares enough to plan and carry out the The missionary would also gain benefits in a regularly, as I spend a lot of time searching event. short return. He would understand again the through past issues to find items for our JOHN G. WEAVER, role of the local pastor, and give him greater Mission board. Coordinator, guidance for greater mission support. There MARGARET (MRS. DEREK) COLE World Child Emergency would be many yoked international churches Manchester, New Hampshire ew York , New York and groups. Exposure would take place for everyone. All of us would have greater under­ Editor's note: Readers may receive, without NOTED MISSI ONAR Y IS DEAD standing of the scripture . . . "Go ye into all charge, the annual index by writing to New On Chile's Independence Day, Elbert E. the world." World Outlook, 475 Riverside Drive, Room Reed, for 43 years administrator of El Verge!, An effort like this could make mission come 1328, New York, New York 10027. For the passed away in Stockton, California. alive for all of us . The local pastor would un­ convenience of readers, the magazine has re­ Elbert Reed was declared by the Rockefeller derstand the total story of missions better. A sumed the practice of printing the name of Foundation in Santiago as "the man who had congregation would be more informed and the magazine and the month on most pages. done more than any other man to increase food would give a personal touch with mission. There production in Chile." In 1959, Agricultural would be a greater bond between churches and A WORLD CHILD EMERGENCY Missions, Incorporated listed him among the mission stations. This could revitalize the local Over the past year, extreme weather condi­ six outstanding Protestant rural missionaries of pastor. tions and inflated fuel and fertilizer prices, all time. The Bernardo O'Higgins Medal of There are always blocks or setbacks facing coupled with rapid population growth, have Honor was bestowed on him by the Chilean any program. Language could be the greatest brought about a worldwide food crisis. As in government in 1962-the highest award a non­ stumbling block. An interpreter might have to most times of stress, it is the children who diplomat is eligible to receive. Stan will always be provided for the visiting pastor. Even in suffer first and most. remember him as his "second father," having this the mission area would know that someone For the fi rst time in its 27-year history, the lived with the Reeds during his first three years was vitally concerned. There could be much United Nations Children's Fund has declared a in Chile. enrichment with exchange of ideas for both World Child Emergency. Nearly 500 million In many ways 1974 was one of the most groups. There is the problem that programs children in 60 countries are now threatened difficult years we had to face. But in the midst could be set back for a few months. The sum­ with chronic hunger, disease and even death. of the trials, we have been encouraged by mer months could be an ideal time for a local Because of its past experience in providing the spiritual upsurge that is being felt among pastor. Perhaps he would give his vacation time emergency relief, UNICEF has an especially the students. The student body president, to do this. important task to perform within the massive along with a number of others, has had a real I believe this holds great possibilities, and it international effort to combat malnutrition conversion experience. On their own initiative, could lead all of us to a greater global vision. which is only now beginning. they are having devotionals in their dorm rooms TOM BLANK UNICEF is delivering special high protein and sing out their new faith with confidence Salem, Ohio foods, vitamins, medical supplies, well drilling and joy. Several may be headed into the min­ equipment and vehicles for emergency child istry. What a challenge it is to be a Christian RUNNING DOWN AMERICA relief programs in Bangladesh, India and the in Chile today! You're getting nowhere running down Amer­ sub-Sahara countries of Africa. It has embarked MR. AND MRS. STAN MOORE AND FAMILY ica to me. No one gives anything to us . We on a three-year program to help rehabilitate Angol, Chile give to everyone. America is great. It is the schools, hospitals, orphanages and health cen­ They are United Methodist missionaries at the greatest and the most generous. Tell our allies ters in Indochina, and UNICEF was recently educational and agricultural mission. Tlae •"•n•i1191 lli1191er \\'rift,-s 00000 0 0 0 000 ~ 000 the signing ceremony in ew York City at the offices of the American Council of Voluntary Agencies of Foreign Service. Barbara Magner, executive director of CODEL, which is also based in ew York City, said the grant to the "ecu­ menical cons01tium" is a breakthrough for voluntary religious mission and over­ seas development groups. She added that the grant is expected to lead to further assistance from AID, once guidelines are more fully developed. CODEL members, she observed, aside from their religious programs, have de­ veloped considerable expertise in the various fi elds relating to development problems. Incorporated in 1969, CODEL pro­ vides consultative and fund-raising ser­ vices to its member organizations. Its main concern, however, is in improving their capacities, individually, and in co­ operation, to effect sound development RNS Photo work at the grass roots, Miss Magner FIRST SPEECH IN HOUSE OF LORDS said. Archbishop Donald Coggan of Canterbury, recently installed as the spiritual leader of The grant of $425,000 will provide the worldwide Anglican community, is flank ed by Bishop Gerald Ellison of London (left ) CODEL with the means to expand its and Bishop Arthur Stockwood of Southwark (right) befor e making his first speech as staff, and to enable it to provide more Archbishop of Canterbury in the House of Lords. project services, training seminars and Dr. Coggan chose the debate on the reintroduction of capital punishment to make his development workshops in the fi eld. I speech. He ended by saying, "Let there be punishment of the most severe kind for those ·I who murder defenseless women and children, or who hold to ransom those whose way Over the period of the grant- from of life or thought they happen to oppose. But leave the final iudgement of death in the vember 1974, to November 1977- hands where final iudgment rests and where forgiveness can alone be found." CODEL will concentrate on a series of "demonstration projects," Miss Magner said, "which will be valuable because of the joint participation of several mem­ MISSION CONSORTIUM CETS industry development. bers and, of course, their local counter­ U.S. CRANT FOR DEVELOPMENT Besides the one with CODEL, AID parts and their special focus on particu­ The U.S. government, in an unprece­ grant agreements were completed with lar development problems." dented move has provided a major im­ CARE (Cooperation for American Relief The demonstration projects, 35 of petus to voluntary religious agencies in Everywhere), $134,000; and with Tech­ which are expected to be produced dur­ development work overseas by awarding noserve, Inc., $180,000. The AID grants ing the three-year grant period, are ex­ $425,000 to COD EL (Coordination in come under a special program launched pected to be used as "models" for related Development), a consortium of 50 Cath­ last April with the support and coopera­ projects in other areas of the developing olic and Protestant mission societies and tion of voluntary agencies and the Aid world. ( RNS ) other church-related organizations. Advisory Committee on Voluntary For­ The grant was made by the Agency eign Aid. for International Development (AID ) Father Paul A. Chaisson, S.M., presi­ 3 ANCOLA CUERRILLA CROUPS and was one of three grants to voluntary dent of CODEL and a representative of SICN A POLITICAL ACREEMENT agencies allocated under the 1973 For­ Marist Missions, Boston, signed the CO­ Three rival Angola guerrilla groups eign Assistance Act, which seeks to pro­ DEL grant agreement. Representatives signed a joint political agreement in vide direct support to grassroots devel­ of CARE and Technoserve and Mrs. Mombasa, Kenya, on January 5, paving opment in the Third World, particularly Harriet Crowley, Deputy Assistant Ad­ the way for immediate talks with the in agriculture, public health, food pro­ ministrator, Office of Private Humani­ Portuguese government that could lead duction, leadership training and small tarian Assistance, AID, also took part in to independence for Portugal's last

New World Outlook • February 1975 [97] 45 African territory, possibly within a year. Cabinda is separated from Angola prop­ leyan manner of education." The agreement, signed in the presence er by the Congo River and provides 75 The 32-member council, 20 of whom of President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, percent of the territory's oil. are youth, approved the resolution unani­ covered a peace pact between two of (For a retrospective on Angola, see mously. Several of the members were not the rival groups-the Movement for the page 24.) present when the vote was taken, how­ Liberation of Angola, headed by Dr. ever. Ms. Bea Jones, a freshman at Duke Agostinho Neto, a physician and dis­ UMCYM ASKS TALKS AND STUDY University; is chairperson of the Council. tinguished poet, and the Front for the ON HUMAN SEXUALITY ISSUES The Council has been hotly criticized, Liberation of Angola, led by Holden Under fi re from across the church for particularly by the Good News evangeli­ Roberto, a son of a Protestant mission its recent stands on homosexuality, the cal caucus, for its stands on homosexual­ worker. United Methodist Council on Youth ity released early in 1974. These stands A third group, the National Union Ministry ( UMCYM) issued a 700-word included one statement asking that the for the Total Independence of Angola, statement in Nashville January 1 wel­ hiring policy of the UMCYM staff not headed by Jonas Savimbi, signed sepa­ coming further dialogue and debate in discriminate in regard to sexual orienta­ rate agreements with the other two a spirit of "mutual respect" and called tion and urging other church agencies to organizations in 1974. upon the General Council on Ministries follow suit; and another statement de­ The agreement, the first between the of the denomination to "immediately cl aring that homosexuality should not be three rival factions in 14 years of guer­ face 'head on' the seriousness of dealing a bar to the ordained ministry and rilla warfare in Angola, is expected to with human sexuality concepts and is­ should not, in itself be considered syn­ smooth the way for self-rule of the West sues within the life of the church and onymous with immorality. African territory of six million people society." "We have grown to understand, partly within 12 months. The Council on Ministries is being due to the initial and varied response The leaders· of the three liberation asked by UMCYM to "initiate immediate that has already surfaced to our state­ movements pledged to build "a just and consideration of a human sexuality study ments, that an awesome task of constitu­ democratic society in Angola, eliminat­ as an emphasis for a mandated General ency education is before the entire ing ethnic, racial and religious discrim­ Conference 1976 quadrennial education­ church if any rational and comprehen­ ination." al task by all United Methodist persons, sive Christian legislation is going to be They also emphasized that the enclave groups, boards, and agencies, including prepared within the church, as well as of Cabinda was to be considered "an presentations from scripture, tradition, in society regarding the whole area of integral and inalienable part of Angola." experience, and reason in the finest Wes- human sexuality- including such con­ cepts and issues as sexual orientation, the family, marriage, racism, homophobia, and sexism," the statement said. To ini­ NOW YOU MAY RECEIVE tiate such an educational program the Council voted to sponsor a short, but Life lncotne comprehensive seminar on the concepts AND SHARE IN THE VITAL WORK OF of human sexuality with an emphasis on SCARRITT COLLEGE THROUGH sexual orientation at its summer meeting. The Council asked that the seminar pur­ Scarritt Gift Annuities posefully include presentations from a An unusual offer tor friends of Scarritt College' Scarritt variety of viewpoints. Gift Annuities will pay you up to 10% per year. depen ding on age, tor any amount from $500.00 up. In a section of the resolution, entitled Your benefits: No m~nagement problems; you receive "Listening," the Council said it was not your income checks regularly; you cannot suggesting that a quadrennial education­ outlive your annuity; the amount never varies. al study of human sexuality would prove Li beral immediate savi ngs on estate, inheritance. the Council's statements on life-styles capital gains, and income taxes. and sexual orientation correct. 'We do No age limit. No medical examinations. No legal fees. No other service charge. suggest that every person and group Become a part of Sca rritt's worldwi de ministry. within the church, including ourselves, · =~J ~ t?~ For 80 years Scarritt Co llege has trained persons must do a great deal of open-minded '\ ·t:~ : ~ for full-time Ch ri stian service. Scarritt alu mni now listening if we are to bring sexually re­ \t • \f serve in 60 countries and in al l 50 states of the U.S. lated oppression and dehumanization Scarritt College for Christian Workers, Nashville, Tennessee 37203. _ of every variety to an end both in church and society." FILL OUT AND MAIL TH IS COUPON ------In conclusion, the statement said, the Scarritt College for Christian Workers Dept. wo Council believes that "the 'good news' Nashville, Tennessee 37203 of Jesus Christ is continually and con­ Please send information on a guaranteed income for me for life. stantly being revealed to us by the dy­ namic action of the Holy Spirit in our personal and corporate lives. Every state­ ment made herein carries the sincere de­ City ______State ______Zip ____ sire to honor Jesus Christ as the author of our actions." Date of Birth ______Sex ------The resolution was drafted by a spe­ cial task force of the council chaired by the Rev. Bill Barney, Lyndonville, Vt.

46 [98] New World Outlook • February 1975 Other membe rs of the task force were Beth Capen, Stone Ridge, N.Y.; Regina Now Available! Johnson, Macon, Ga.; the Rev. Jimmy Bass , Nashville; and the Rev. James Tay­ Lo cal Church Planning Kit. lor, Indianapolis, Ind. In other action, the Council formed a task force to study effective ways United Methodist Youth can make an impact on the world hunger issue, and adopted a resolution supporting missionaries and indigenous Christians in South Korea who are opposing the regime of Presi­ dent Park Chung Hee. A major block of time during the fiv e­ day meeting was devoted to the Bishops' Call for Peace and the Self-Development of Peoples. The Rev. Michael Mcintyre, Six-ste p process of self evolu ation, needs the first youth associate of the former analysis and proctical program planning Methodist Youth Fund who is now the develope d by The Office of Research and staff member of the Bishops' Call em­ Survey. The United Methodist Chu rch , now is a va ilable to loca l ch urches. Plan has been phasis, said the church is no longer tested in over 400 congregations of a ll si zes. "buying" the "indignation and denuncia­ The Kit incl udes Cassette Tape wi th clea r tion" model used by some church groups instructions, six copies of a 68-pag e work· RN S Phot o book, sample works heets a nd questionnaires to sensitize persons to social concerns. and a wall cha rt to summ a rize fin d ings. Mcintyre said too much attention has MAJOR CHRISTIAN-JEWISH Ste ps incl ude : your drea ms for your ch urch, analysis of yo ur progra m, the needs a f your been given to the myth or mystique that RELATIONS DOCUMENT ISSUED community, congregational concerns, prior­ the church is a powerful institution A maior Vatican document aimed at the ities, goa ls and plannin g for the future. which radically threatens or influences "practical" implementation of Vatican II di­ Help your chu rch d iscover its need s and rectives on Catholic-Jewish relations had lead the way to genuine church renewa l. other institutions of society such as gov­ Complete Kit, o nly $20.00. O rder from : ernment. called for the establishment of "real dia­ logue," theological encounters, common Servi ce Center "We have overlooked the value of prayer "in connection with great causes," Board of Global Ministri es constituency education on a sustained 7820 Reading Road scholarly research and study, and ioint ef­ Cinci nnati, Ohio 45237 basis," he said, declaring that United forts toward justice and peace among Cath­ Methodist Women has been the only olics and Jews. group in the church to use that model The document, which re-emphasizes the effectively. main points outlined in the 1965 Vatican Celebrating Anticipating a continuing decline in II declaration, Nostra Aetate, on the rela­ financial support, the United Methodist tionship of the Church to non-Christian Council on Youth Ministry ( UMCYM ) religions, affirm ed that "the spiritual bonds our tightened its budgetary belt and dis­ and historical links binding the Church to Judaism condemn (as opposed to the very missed half of its six-member staff. spirit of Christianit y) all forms of anti-Semi­ In closed sessions which lasted most tism and discrimination" and "render obliga­ of one day, the 30-member Council tory a better mutual understanding and re­ struggled with the implications of a newed mutual esteem." projected budget of $83,000 for 1975 Dated Dec. 1 in Rome but released on representing a drop from $114,000 in Jan. 3, the document focuses on four areas 1974. of Catholic activity- dialogue, liturgy, edu­ The Council receives its financial sup­ cation and social action- where practical port from the Youth Service Fund raised applications of the Vatican II declaration by youth from across the denominati on. could be made, "with a view to launching . . The annual conferences keep 70 per cent or developing sound relations between Catholics and their Jewish brothers." serving of money raised for their own programs and projects while the national body re­ Some ten mill ion Christians ceives the remaining 30 per cent. designed to strengthen state control around the World, lnter­ ( UMC ) over the nation's economy and other as­ denominationaL If you or pects of Zairean life. your church are not using ZAIRE OUTLAWS TEACHINC It said that university theological fac­ THE UPPER ROOM, write OF RELICION IN SCHOOLS ulties would be closed down from Jan. 1, for information and a FREE Zaire's ruling political party, under the and that religious instruction in the copy. Address chairmanship of President Mobutu Sese country's schools would be replaced by Dept. F - 21 Seko, has outlawed the teaching of reli­ "civic education and political studies." I I gion in the country's schools and univer­ There was no immediate report on re­ sities. action to the outlawing of religious The Upper Room Kinshasa Radio said President Mobutu teaching by leaders of the former Bel­ 1908 Grand Ave. and his Popular Revolutionary Move­ gian Congo's Christian community. Nashville, Tenn. 37203 ment had adopted a series of measures About half of the country's 23.8 million

New World Outlook • February 1975 [99) 47 YOU'LL NEVER MEET ANYONE 0.UITE llKE JOHN KNOX An eminent 20th-century theolo­ gian describes his personal jour­ Photo: Jim Stentzel, Kyodan Koho Center ney of faith . John Knox, a man of unusual Vice Moderator Ichiro Ono (left) and Moderator Isuke Toda were reelected as officers honesty and openness, shares his of the General Assembly of The United Church of Christ in Japan (Kyodan), indicating pilgrimage from boyhood doubts support for the dialogue approach toward minority and critical voices within the Church. and hopes to mature conviction and achievement. Ne ver Far From Home was writte n origi nally as a letter to his own sons. You will feel are Christian. because then you have bottled up things his agony as he confronts racial S rious tensions developed in Zaire in which will continue to fester." segregation in the '30s and sac­ 1972 betv•een the Roman Catholic Nigeria is ruled by a military govern­ rifices prestige and comfort for his Church and President Mobutu, a bap­ ment headed by General Yakubu Gowon. beliefs. tized Catholic, over his African "authen­ It has recently experienced economic, You will be caught up in a vibrant P~l world of learning and teaching at ticity" program, designed to "decolonize agricultmal, education and social prob­ Fisk University, Chicago Divinity the minds" of the people of Zaire. lems. School, Union Theological Semi­ Mr. Mobutu has decreed that all The Methodist conference, represent­ nary and Episcopal Theological Zaireans discard Christian names for ing a constituency of some 150,000 per­ Seminary. Read how he rubbed shoulders with theological greats African ones. He has also decreed that sons, adopted a resolution decrying the like Tillich. Niebuhr and Good­ Christmas be observed on June 24, in­ state of national leadership, filth in towns speed . Yet throughout all his life, stead of the traditional Dec. 25, because and cities, bribery and corruption and John Knox was " never far from Christmas is not "authentically African." highway accidents. es· home." ( RNS ) Dr. Idowu said the number of acci­ A teacher for 40 years, Knox is au­ wl dents has become unbearable. He said thor of over 20 books. He served go as associate editor of The In­ NIGERIA METHODIST LEADER some problems could be avoided if law terpreter's Bible and as a trans­ WARNS OF NATIONAL CR ISIS enforcement officials would pah·ol the ec lator for The New American Bible. igeria is caught in a leadership crisis roads instead of "congregating in a 01 that is a prelude to "disaster," the presi­ comer and collecting shillings with their to inspectors." dent of the Methodist Church of igeria of said in an address before the denomina­ The Methodist leader charged that cri tion's annual conference in Ibadan, driver's licenses are sold to persons not Le Nigeria. qualified to operate vehicles and that to Dr. E. Bolaji Idowu warned that the many unsafe conveyances are allowed on wl nation is under a "dark and dense cloud" the roads. because of "collective irresponsibilities." Corruption in Nigeria life is so com­ op ' He described the situation as "a solidar­ mon, Dr. Idowu alleged, that it is like ert ity of chaos." "Babel ... a reversion to the primordial "te The Methodist president appealed to chaos." He said igeria needs a Pente­ an, government leaders to listen to the wish­ cost, "a recreation into newness of what $5.95 on: at your es of people before acting. The best way sin has spoilt." bookstore to listen, he said, is to guarantee the A major action by the 1ethodist con­ ference was the approval of a new con­ he freedom of the press. inc WORO BOOKS ror people on the grow "It is very dangerous to gag the press stitution, which must be endorsed by Publisher, Waco , Texas 76703 ces and not to let people express themselves, districts before it goes into effect. 19{

48 (100] New World Outlook • February 1975 cations Commission (FCC) barred pri­ will provid monies indefinitely. We see Hancl-colol'ed photogna.ph of your church O l" any vate citizens from taking part in its pro­ no immedi ate end to the current level of scene on pretty 10 1A- inch gold-rim plates. Orders cedures for licen ing stations. assistance unless it is possible to obtain filled fol' one dozen or more plates. Also church Mr. Shayon also describes the powers , work authorization." note pape1' in quantity. rights and duties of the FCC, the licens­ The U.S. Immigration and Naturaliza­ Write fol' free info1·rna­ tion. DEPT. WO ee and the public and sh·esses the need tion Service ( INS) has denied the Hai­ FERRELL'S ART WARE to form coalitions to negotiate with sta­ tians the ri ght to work while their appeal Appomattox , Virginia 24522 tions for improvement. to remain in this country is under con­ "To leaders and members of communi­ sideration. The Rev. Augu t Vanden­ ARO UND THE WORLD TOURS ty groups we say-don't work alone," he bosch of the Division of Church of So­ Return by said. "The broadcasting indush·y, as you ciety of the National Council of Church­ HOLY LANO OR RU SS IA may have heard, runs on ratings, num­ es commented that "the INS has literall y 26 th annual world tour, complete sight­ see ing, Conferences with Hea ds of Sta te, bers. Station operators understand and deprived the court of its jurisdiction by Ambassadors, Ed itors, Missionaries and respect numbers. denying the refugees a viable means of peasants. 13 exotic countries of Asia and "Enlarge yom base of support. Seek support." eastern Europe- see the HOLY LAND, out other community groups and organ­ Roman Catholic Archbishop Coleman Hawaii, Republic of China, Japan , Hong ize a coalition .. . Their special interests F . Carroll of Miami has charged that Kong, Thailand, India, Nepal, Greece, Austria and Hungary, etc. Optional re ­ may not coincide with yours, but you all "the present situation amounts to cruel turn via Afghanistan, Uzbeki stan and have a common interest in quality pro­ and unusual punishment and their en­ RUSS IA. Jul y 8th depa rture. 5 wonderful gram service to large minorities as well forced idleness can only lead to serious weeks. Write for brochure. as majorities, in ethnic employment pat­ social, moral and emotional problems." BRYA N W ORLD TOURS terns in broadcas ting and in opportuni­ In addition, he said, "their dependency 1880-D-Gage Bl vd., Topeka, Kansas 66604 ties for robust, vigorous, wide-open de­ is a serious· economic burden for the bate in your community on matters vital Archdiocese of Miami and other people to all ." of good will in this community who are The draft document will replace a Citizens are warned that it is an up­ concerned with human rights." ( R S) con titution in effect since the Methodist hill sh·uggle to present a complaint Church of Nigeria was granted inde­ which will be acted on by the FCC. For INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S YEAR pendence by the British Methodists 12 ·example, in 1971, the FCC sent letters of SPURS BIC PARLEY IN MEXICO years ago. The old constitution was pro­ inquiry to only 168 stations involved in The themes of International Women's vided by the British Chmch. Most i­ the total 2,000 Fairness Doctrine com­ Year 1975-equality, development and gerians felt it contained "deficiencies plaints filed, the booklet said. peace-will be the topics of a major and anachronisms." ( RNS ) "And out of the 168 cases in which U.N. conference in Mexico City, June th FCC did send letters of inquiry, the 23-July 4. UCC CHURCH PRIMER ADVISES Commission made 69 decisions-only In the first conference of its kind, to PUBLIC IN MEDIA CONFLICTS fiv e of which were adverse to the sta­ be attended by women and men from all The Office of Communication of the tions." countries, international organizations and United Church of Christ has publi hed a Copies of the booklet, Parties in In­ even recognized liberation movements, "how-to" primer to teach community terest, may be obtained from the Office delegates will seek a "World Plan of Ac­ leaders how to negotiate vvith television of Communication, United Church of tion." and radio stations for improved service. Christ, 289 Park Avenue South, New The conference will try to arouse in­ Entitled "Parties in Interest," the book­ York, N.Y. 10010. Telephone: (212) ternational consciousness on the vital let explains how to be a "party in inter­ 475-2127 ). A single copy is free; quanti­ role women should play in issues of uni­ e t"-a legal term that describes persons ties are 60 cents each. The Rev. Everett versal concern. It will be an effort to who can intervene in proceedings of C. Parker is director of the Office. draw lessons and consequences from the governmental agencies. (RNS) fact that in most parts of the world it is The new booklet is a facet of the proj­ still a great disadvantage to be born ect e tablished by the United Church CHURCH OFFICIALS SUPPORT female. It will represent an assault on Office of Communication in December HAITIANS' 'RICHT TO WORK' traditions which have not yielded to to help communities improve the quality Church officials who are supporting progress as fast as legislative measures of broadcast programs and reduce dis­ the cause of Haitian refugees seeking have towards equality between men and crimination. The project, "Check Your political asylum in the United States women. Local Stations," seeks to arouse viewers have hailed the filing of a motion in a In short, the conference is likely to to the need to take a greater interest in federal court in Miami that seeks to give revolve around the central social issue what is being aired and to make their the refugees the right to work while their claiming that women are the big losers opinions known to station managements. appeal is being considered. in the hot-stove league. Written by noted television critic Rob­ For the past six months, the Christian The conference will not be without ert Lewis Shayon, the primer holds that Community Service Agency there has ironic contradictions. In the United Na­ "television and radio need improvement" given some $25,600 to the Haitian Refu­ tions, it has long been knm>VIl that male and that change can be brought about gee Information Center to aid an esti­ diplomats have been in the vanguard of only through local citizen action. mated 600 Haitians who are facing de­ the feminist movement. The booklet explains how citizens can portation. Mrs. Helvi Sipila of Finland, who as be a "party in interest," in the broadcast But the Rev. Jack Cassidy, director of an Assistant Secretary-General is the indu try and describes citizen group suc­ the agency, has pointed out that there is United Nations highest placed and paid cesses in bringing about reforms since only a few weeks' worth of funding left woman, is the first to recognize that gov­ 1966. Until 1966, the Federal Communi- and "we cannot assume that the churches ernments which pass progressive laws on

New World Outlook • February 1975 [101] 49 this subject seldom rush to appoint wom­ Shepherd your flock en to high official positions. This is true HOW TO PUBLISH also of the distaff representation in the Join our 1uco111ful authon In • com. plete ond r'llable publlahlng program : U.N. Secretariat and on the various U.N. oubllolty, nd¥1rtl1lng, handoomt booko. to the Holy Land YOUR Speedy, etnolent urvloe. Send ror organs. FREE manuoorlpt report 4 our ot Women's liberation activists promise Publloh Yo ur Book, For the first time ever, ALIA, the Royal CARLTON PRESS D•pt, RHN Jordanian Airline, is offering charter flights that the Mexico City meeting "is a be­ BOOK 84 Fiith Avo. New York 11, N. Y. from New York to Amman , capital city of Jor­ ginning only." dan and gateway to the Holy Land. Every ten Some revolutionary ideas will be 85 per cent: The highest unmarried em­ days until the en d of 197 4 and throughout Holy kicked around, including one which con­ ployed girls' count comes from Ireland Year 1975, sleek ALIA jets will whisk flights of your pilgrims to yesterday. tends that full time housewives are -81 per cent. These unforgettable 10-day tours, de­ worth $160 a week, should get pension The Soviet Union leads in the category signed in the true Christian spirit, begin in benefits and paid holidays, and their of women elected to national parliament Amman , where yo u and you r flock will be able labors should be measured and included -35 per cent-followed by Finland ( 21 to recapture the fabulous history of mankind, in the Gross National Product statistics. per cent), Denmark ( 17 per cent) and in the very places where it all happened . Jor­ dan is history itse lf, dating back an incredible Supporters of this idea are less clear as Poland ( 15 per cent). 3,000 years! to who should shell out the wages. Incidentally, UNESCO is producing a You 'll see Petra, the famed lost city carved Men will be reminded by demograph­ film on the exploitation of women by out of " rose red rock" which can only be ers that the proportion of women in the advertising throughout the world. reached through a narrow canyon by foot or on horseback. And Jerash , not history but pre­ total world population is already slightly (RNS) history, where artifacts traced to 180,000 B.C. under one-half and is expected to decline AN GLICAN BISHOP CALLS FOR have been excavated. further. On the other hand, men may be " ACCRESSIVE CHRISTIANITY" Guide you r flock to ALIA, the Royal Jor­ expected to note, women continue to Anglican Bishop Denis J. Wakeling of danian Airline, and their special Holy Land have life expectancy higher by an aver­ Southwell, England, has denounced what I. T. C. tours ...... in cooperation with age five years. he describes as the "manifest nonsense" Alpha Omega Travel, Lid., 420 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017-Tel: (212) 758-5310 There have been some notable break­ that "all religious faiths are as good as Premier Tours, 527 Madison Avenue, throughs (not necessarily for women each other." New York, N.Y. 10022-Tel: (212) 371-2343 alone). Last year, Italy permitted di­ In the January issue of his diocesan Four Seasons Travel, 92 Luckie St., N.W., vorce. In other countries, especially newsletter, he listed three challenges for Atlanta , Georgia 30303-Tel : (404) 525-3718 Moslem, previously exclusive male privi­ his people in making 1975 a year of lege is legally eroding. Still, in Kuwait, "aggressive Christianity." Liechtenstein, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and First, Bishop Wakeling wrote, '1et us Yemen, women cannot vote. In Ethiopia, challenge the false assumptions being Jordan, Mali and Tunisia, existing laws made today. Here is one I believe to be stipulate that the wife owes obedience false- that all religious faiths are as good to her husband. as each other. This is manifest nonsense, In Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, the Philip­ implying that the duty to assess the pines and Uruguay, the wife needs a worth of ideas does not exist." husband's approval to sign contracts and The prelate declared: "If I didn't be­ to sue. In other countries, her property lieve that the tenets of the Christian rights are subject to the express or im­ faith were better than those of other plied authorization of the husband. Her faiths, I wouldn't be a Christian. rights to work in trade or industry need "I am not denying anyone the right to the husband's approval in Burundi and worship his own God; on the contrary, I Ecuador. And in Madagascar, women am establishing it. may drive a truck or run a bank, but "If you say differences of faith are the male chauvinists refuse to yield the irrelevant, you destroy all faiths." one tradition dear to their hearts-cro­ He urged his people to "watch very cheting. carefully" what is going on in Britain's The percentage of illiterate women is state schools "under the guise of religious always higher than that of men. In some education." The bishop asserted that "to developing countries, economic factors be a protagonist for the faith requires force up to 80 per cent of primary school a firm grasp of that faith and a readiness girls to drop out. to engage in confrontation on its behalf. U.N. statistics show that there are It also requires the production of good about 515 million women gainfully em­ teaching aids so that it can be effectively ployed, which represents 34 per cent of disseminated." the total world labor force. Female par­ Bishop Wakeling also called on mem­ ticipation ranges from 5 per cent in some bers of his diocese to challenge the African countries to about 50, per cent assumption that it doesn't matter how in the Soviet Union and Rumania. The one behaves in private. "We are being East European women comprise 40 per conned into accepting the idea that self­ cent of the local work force, while West­ discipline is irrelevant, indeed harmful," ern Europe and North America show a he wrote. "We are dehumanizing society Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline, 280 Madison Ave ., 30-40 per cent trend. by our acceptance of decadence in the New York, N.Y. 10016-Tel: (212) 725-0044 Bulgaria currently holds the world name of freedom." record for employed married women- (RNS)

50 [102) New World Outlook • February 1975 TO CARE ISTO HELP

People in many places are in need of something ... food, medicine, shelter, education, liberation. Some of them need help just to stay alive another day. Though it's too late for some, others still have a chance-that is, if we help. They are in Latin Amer­ ica, Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and even in the United States. They are the hungry and poor, old and young. People all around the world have been victimized by racism, war, and sexism. It's easy to say we care about them. Making up our minds to do something about it, however, is another matter. Until we're willing to help, our words and our feelings won't mean ve ry much. To care is to help. If you don't know what you can do, here are some suggestions: • Talk to your pastor about the Why Global mate­ rials sent to pastors which aim to sensitize peo­ ple to worldwide concerns and needs. • Find out how you can participate in the program. • Fill in the coupon below to obtain a Why Global Packet.

Detach and mail to :

~• · · ·~··················································· ! Service Center : 7820 Reading Road .; Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 Please send a Why Global Packet to:

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BOARD OF GLOBAL MINISTRIES THE UNITED METHODIST CHURCH WHY CHRl5rlAN MISION TODAY? Do you believe the Church exists for mission and outreach? Or Do you think missions is an outmoded, old-fashioned idea? Or Are you willing to find out one way or the other? 11i 'Ulidd ; IUUD1~ The Magazine of Mission-published by the United Methodist and United Presbyterian Churches

Containing: Articles and photo features on m1ss1on issues and ac­ Winner over the past four years of tivities around the world, from Afghanistan to Zambia, top awards for general excellence, edi­ from Park Avenue to Wounded Knee torials, articles and photography from Letters from Overseas-First person reports from mis­ the Associated Church Press sionaries, fraternal workers and those involved in mi ssion now Mission Memo-Concise, short-deadline news and Available, as a companion service, the analysis of developments in Christian Mission. Espe­ quarterly sound cassette series cia ll y useful fo r short ann o uncements, bulletins, "min­ utes for mission," as well as personal interest. Editorials- Lively, trenchant comment and perspective on issues of the day new WORLD souno Books and Films-Current and of special interest "The Moving Finger Writes"-Longer news items of Now in print, cassettes on India, signifi cance Faith and Justice, Latin America, Women of the Third World, Special Issues- Entire issues explori ng areas in depth, Persons in Mission including at least two issues on the mission study themes, avai lable in bulk quantities

Servi ce Center, 7820 Reading Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237

Yes, I want to know about Christian Mission today New World Outlook New World Sound One year subscription ($3.00) Ind ia cassette ($3.50) Two year subscription ($6.00) Faith and Jus tice ca sette ($3 .50) Combi nation with response ($5.00) Latin Am erica cassette ($3.50) Bulk copies of this issue ($.35 a copy, $5 per 25, Women of th e Third Wo rld ($3. 50) $20 per 100) Person in Mission/Sa lva tion ($3.50) Loose-leaf green vinyl binder Four cassettes for ew World O utl ook ubscnbers holds one year of New World Outlook ($2.50) at reduced rate of $10

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